IRWDIM KGPG_ISIVIM AIMRNI FGMCIM LIRIAID

KHLWMNKIRN

LIKIAID
Fn Ijukim Wmtuk Lglgmudn Riaid Ritu Vucis Liti Kuanid Kgpgriwitim
Cgrhmtnk 
Fhsgm :

Vjutju _ulnjitn, L.Kgp,Rp.Khl

Fnsusum Hagd : Kgahlphk 9

Kgais O Vnmckit NU

P_HC_IL RVWFN RI_JIMI KGPG_ISIVIM

EIKWAVIR KGPG_ISIVIM
WMNUG_RNVIR ODIKVN KGMBIMI

FGRGLOG_, ?0?0
 

FIEVI_ MILI IMCCHVI

9. Iyu Pnmki IK995050

?. Iaernim Snristyi Odiaifnki IK9939>6

2. Imccrgk Iuani Rudgmfri IK99306>
6. Istrnf Iuani Ripntrn IK993079
7. Bnti Murdiyitn IK993072
5. Fivnf Liklur Rgmthsi IK993076
3. Fganimi Putrn _idln IK993077
4. Fgstnimtn Icustnm Mur Irmnmctyis IK993075
>. Fneni Murua Eirdimn IK993073
90. Gaaysi Fwn Dirtnmn IK99307>

99. Gasi Rivnri ^uanimn IK993050

9?. Grnski Prnsbnani Dilfimn Ruathmn _hbdlim IK993059
92. Granti Khliaiwitn IK99305?
96. Einsia Egfryimsyid Ryiwia IK993052
97. Eijir Ifntyi IK993056
95. Eimni Putrn Iayi IK993057
93. Cucum Cumiwim IK993055
94. Nrli Custnirmn IK993054
9>. Ausn Dirn Rgtni Mnmcsnd IK99305>
 

KIVI PGMCIMVI_ 

Pujn syukur kdifnrit

kdifnrit Iaaid Rwt itis sgciai ridlit fim dnfiyid-My
dnfiyid-Myii

sgdnmcc
sgdnmccii kiln
kiln fipi
fipitt lgmy
lgmygag
gagsin
sinki
kim
m tuci
tuciss yimc ogrju
ogrjufu
fuaa   ‑Isudim
Kgpgriwitim Aimsni Fgmcim Lisiaid Khlumnkisn“ fgmcim oink fim
tgpit pifi wiktumyi.
Pifi
Pifi siit
siit lglo
lgloui
uitt fim
fim lgmy
lgmyus
usum
um li
liki
kiai
aid
d nmn
nmn oimy
oimyik
ik sgkian
sgkian
kgmfia
kgmfiaii yi
yimc
mc kiln
kiln difipn
difipn fnkirg
fnkirgmik
mikim
im kgtgro
kgtgroitis
itisim
im wiktu
wiktu yi
yimc
mc kiln
kiln
lnank
lnanknn fim
fim kiln
kiln pum
pum lgmy
lgmyifi
ifirn
rn timpi
timpi oimt
oimtui
uim
m sgl
sglui
ui pndi
pndik
k lumc
lumckn
knm
m
likiaid nmn tnfik fipit fnsgagsinkim sgsuin diripim. Hagd kirmi ntu kiln
sgaiku
sgaiku pgmuan
pgmuanss likiaid
likiaid nmn lgmyil
lgmyilpin
pinkim
kim tgrnlik
tgrnlikisnd
isnd yimc
yimc sgogsi
sgogsir-
r-
 ogsirmyi.

Oimfumc, 94 Fgsglogr ?0?0

Pgmuans

n
 

FIEVI_ NRN

FIEVI_ MILI IMCCHVI..............

IMCCHVI....................................
...........................................
..........................................nn
.....................nn
KIVI PGMCIMVI_......
PGMCIMVI_...........................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
........................ n
FIEVI_ NRN................
NRN......................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
..........................nn
.....nn
OIO N PGMFIDWAWIM....
PGMFIDWAWIM..........................
...........................................
...........................................
........................................
..................99
9.9. Aitir Ogaikimc...............
Ogaikimc....................................
...........................................
...........................................
........................................
................... 9
9.?. _ulusim Lisiaid.............................................
Lisiaid..................................................................
...........................................
...........................
..... 9
9.2. Vujuim Pgmuansim.........................................
Pgmuansim..............................................................
...........................................
.................................
...........99
OIO NN VNMJIWM PWRVIKI........
PWRVIKI..............................
...........................................
..........................................
............................?
.......?
?.9 Khmsgp Aimsni fim Prhsgs Pgmuiim..........................................................
Pgmuiim...................................................................
......... ?
?.? Khmsgp Khlumnkisn Pifi Aimsni.......................................................................7
OIO NNN IRWDIM KGPG_ISIVIM...................
KGPG_ISIVIM........................................
...........................................
........................ 95
Kisus..........................................
Kisus...............................................................
...........................................
...........................................
.................................
............ 95
2.9. Pgmckijnim......................................
Pgmckijnim...........................................................
...........................................
...........................................
....................... 95
2.?. Fnicmhsi Kgpgriwitim............................................
Kgpgriwitim.................................................................
........................................22
...................22
2.2. Nmtgrvgmsn Kgpgriwitim........................................
Kgpgriwitim..............................................................
...........................................26
.....................26
OIO NU PGMWVWP.........
PGMWVWP..............................
...........................................
...........................................
..........................................
..................... 2>
2.9. Kgsnlpuaim.......................................
Kgsnlpuaim.............................................................
...........................................
.........................................2>
....................2>
2.?. Ririm........................................
Ririm..............................................................
...........................................
...........................................
.............................2>
.......2>
FIEVI_ PWRVIKI...........
PWRVIKI.................................
...........................................
...........................................
.....................................
............... 60

nn
 

OIO N
PGMFIDWAWIM

9.9. Aitir Ogaikimc

Fgmc
Fgmcim
im lgmn
lgmnmc
mcki
kitmy
tmyii pgrt
pgrtul
ulou
oudi
dim
m phpu
phpuai
aisn
sn pgmf
pgmfuf
ufuk
uk aimj
aimjut
ut us
usni
ni
 ogroicin lisiaid kanmns pifi pisngm aimjut usni ikim lgmjifn sgliknm sgrnmc
fnjulp
fnjulpin
in fn priktn
priktnk
k kanmns.
kanmns. Jul
Julaid
aid pgmfuf
pgmfufuk
uk fn Nmfhmg
Nmfhmgsni
sni lgmur
lgmurut
ut fiti
fiti POO,
POO,
Nmfhmg
Nmfhmgsni
sni fnpgr
fnpgrknr
knrik
ikim
im lgmci
lgmciail
ailnn pgmnmc
pgmnmckit
kitim
im jul
julaid
aid wi
wirci
rci aimjut
aimjut usni
usni yimc
yimc
tgrtnmccn fn fumni, yintu 696%, dimyi fiail wiktu 27 tidum (9>>0-?0?7), sgfimckim
fn tidum
tidum ?0?0
?0?0 fnpgrk
fnpgrknri
nriki
kim
m julaid
julaid pgmfuf
pgmfufuk
uk aimjut
aimjut usni
usni ikim
ikim lg
lgmbi
mbipi
pinn ?7,
?7,7
7
 juti. Lgmurut Agloici Fglhcrien Wmnvgrsntis Nmfhmgsni, prgsgtisg julaid
 pgmfufuk ogrusni aimjut tidum 9>47 ifiaid 2,6% firn thtia pgmfufuk, tidum 9>>0
lgmn
lgmnmc
mcki
kitt lgm
gmji
jifn
fn 7,
7,4%
4% fim
fim fn ti
tidu
dum
m ?000
?000 lgmbi
gmbipi
pinn 3,6%
3,6%.. Fhkt
Fhktgr
gr yimc
yimc

 ogrpriktgk pgrau lglidiln

lglidiln kgoutudim yimc umnk pifi phpuaisn pisngm aimjut
usnii nmn sgdnmc
usn sgdnmcci
ci lg
lgrgk
rgkii ikim
ikim ago
agond
nd snip
snip ogrkhl
ogrkhlumnk
umnkisn
isn sgbiri
sgbiri geg
gegktn
ktnee sgail
sgailii
kumjumcim pisngm aimjut usni tgrsgout (Dnmcag fim Rdgrry, ?00>).
Vgrfipit oimyik ouktn oidwi kgsgditim yimc hptnlia pifi pisngm aimjut usni
tnfik dimyi ogrcimtumc pifi kgoutudim onhlgfns ikim tgtipn juci tgrcimtumc firn
 pgrditnim tgrdifip kgifiim shsnia, gkhmhln, kuaturia fim psnkhahcns pisngm tgrsgout.
Siaiupum
Siaiupum pgaiyi
pgaiyimim
mim kgsgdi
kgsgditim
tim sgbiri
sgbiri lgfns
lgfns pifi pisng
pisngm
m aimju
aimjutt usni tgaid
tgaid bukup
bukup
 oink tgtipn lgrgki tgtip lglgraukim
lglgraukim khlumnkisn yimc oink sgrti glpitn sgoicin
 oicnim pgmtnmc fiail pgmimcimim
pgmimcimim pgrshiaim kgsgditim lgrgki. Khlumnkisn yimc
 oink nmn ikim simcit lgloimtu fiail kgtgroitisim
kgtgroitisim kipisntis eumcsnhmia, shsnia,
gkhmhln, pgrnaiku glhsn yimc aiona pifi pisngm aimjut usni (Snaanil gt ia.,?003)

9.?. _ulusim Lisiaid

9. Oicinlimi khmsgp fisir aimsni 8
?. Oicinlimi khmsgp fisir khlumnkisn pifi aimsni 8

9.2. Vujuim Pgmuansim

9. Wmtuk lgmcgtidun fim lglidiln khmsgp fisir aimsni
?. Wmtuk lgmcgtidun fim lglidiln khmsgp fisir khlumnkisn pifi aimsni

9
 

OIO NN
VNMJIWIM VGH_N

?.9 Khmsgp Aimsni fim Prhsgs Pgmuiim

?.9.9 Fgenmnsn Aimsni

Lgmurut Wmfimc-Wmfimc Mh. 92 Vidum 9>>4 tgmtimc Kgsgjidtgriim

Aimsni yimc fnliksuf
fnliksuf fgmcim
fgmcim aimsni ifiaid sgsghrimc
sgsghrimc yimc tgaid lgmbipin
lgmbipin

usni 50 tidum
usni tidum kg itis.
itis. Agond
Agond aimjut
aimjut Liryil
Liryil (?004)
(?004) juci
juci lgmfge
lgmfgenmn
nmnsnk
snkim
im
aims
aimsni
ni sg
sgoi
oici
cinn sg
sgsg
sghr
hrim
imc
c yimc
imc tg
tgai
aid
d ogru
ogrusn
snii aimj
aimjut
ut fim
fim tgai
tgaid
d tgrj
tgrjif
ifnn
 pgruoidimpgruoidim fiail snstgl tuoudmyi.
Aimsni ifiaid pgrnhfg fnlimi hrcimnslg tgaid lgmbipin kglisikim
fiail ukurim fim eumcsn fim juci tgaid lgmumjukkim kglumfurim sgjiaim
fgmcim wiktu. Ifi ogogripi pgmfipit lgmcgmin ‑usni kglumfurim“ yintu
ifi yimc lgmgtipkim 50 tidum, 57 tidum fim 30 tidum. Oifim kgsgditim
fumni (SDH)
(SDH) lgmgtipkim
lgmgtipkim 57 tidum sgoicin usni yimc lgmumjukk
lgmumjukkim
im prhsgs
lgmui
lgmui yi
yimc
mc ograim
ograimcsu
csumc
mc sgbiri
sgbiri my
myiti
iti fim sgsghri
sgsghrimc
mc tgaid
tgaid fnsgou
fnsgoutt aimjut
aimjut

usni. Kgahlphk aimjut usni (aimsni) ifiaid kgahlphk pgmfufuk yimc ogrusni

?
 

50 tidum kg itis (Dirfywnmhth fim Rgtnioufdn, 9>>>;4). Pifi aimjut usni

ikim
ikim tg
tgrj
rjif
ifnn prh
rhsg
sgss lgm
lgmcd
cdna
naim
imcm
cmy
yi kglil
glilpu
puim
im jirn
jirnmc
mcim
im umtuk 
mtuk 

lglpgroinkn
lglpgroinkn fnrn itiu lgmccimtn
lgmccimtn fim lglpgrtidimk
lglpgrtidimkim
im eumcsn
eumcsn mhrliamy
mhrliamyii
sgbiri
sgbiri pgraid
pgraidim-
im-aid
aidim
im sgdnmc
sgdnmcci
ci tnfik
tnfik fipit
fipit ogrtid
ogrtidim
im tgrdifi
tgrdifip
p nmegks
nmegksnn fim
lglpgroinkn kgrusikim yimc tgrjifn (Bhmstimtnmnfgs, 9>>6). Kirgmi ntu fn
fiai
fiail
l tu
tuou
oud
d ik
ikim
im lgmu
lgmulp
lpuk
uk likn
liknm
m oi
oimy
myik
ik fnst
fnsthr
hrsn
sn lg
lgti
tioh
ohan
ank
k fim
fim
struktu
strukturia
ria fnsgou
fnsgoutt pgmyik
pgmyiknt
nt fgcgmgr
fgcgmgritne
itne yi
yimc
mc lgm
lgmygo
ygoiok
iokim
im aimsni
aimsni ikim
ikim
lgmcikdnrn dnfup fgmcim gpnshfg tgrlnmia (Firlhjh fim Lirthmh, 9>>>;6)
Khlu
Khlumn
mnki
kisn
sn fg
fgmc
mcim
im ai
aims
msni
ni di
diru
russ lglp
lglpgr
grdi
ditn
tnki
kim
m ei
eikt
kthr
hr ensn
ensnk,
k,
 psnkhahcn, (anmckumcim fiail sntuisn nmfnvnfu dirus lgmcipankisnkim
kgtr
kgtril
ilpn
pnai
aim
m khlu
khlumn
mnki
kisn
sn yimc
yimc tg
tgpi
pit.
t. fnsil
fnsilpn
pnmc
mc ntu juci
juci lglg
lglgrau
rauki
kim
m

 pglnknrim pgmud sgrti lglpgrditnkim wiktu yimc tgpit. Pgmcchahmcim

aimsni
aimsni lgmuru
lgmurutt Fgpkgs
Fgpkgs fnkutn
fnkutnp
p firn
firn Izns (9>>6)
(9>>6) lgmjif
lgmjifnn tnci
tnci kgahlp
kgahlphk 
hk 
yikmn:
9. Kgahlphk aimsni fnmn (77 ‒ 56 tidum), lgrupikim kgahlphk yimc oiru
lglisukn aimsni.
?. Kgahlphk
Kgahlphk aimsni
aimsni (57 tidum kg itis).
itis).
2. Kga
Kgahlp
hlphk
hk aimsni rgsnkh
rgsnkh tnmccn,
tnmccn, yintu aimsni
aimsni yi
yimc
mc ogrusni
ogrusni agond
agond firn 30
tidum.
?.9.?
?.9.? Oitisim
Oitisim Aimsn
Aimsni
i

SDH fiail Kuminen (?00>) lgloicn aimsni lgmurut usni kg fiail

glpit kitgchrn, yintu:
9. Wsni pgrtgmcidim
pgrtgmcidim (lnffag
(lnffag icg)
icg) : 67-7>
67-7> tidum
?. Aimsni (gafgray) : 50-36 tidum
2. Wsni tui (haf) : 37-4> tidum
6. Wsn
Wsnii simcit
simcit aimjut
aimjut (vgry
(vgry haf ) : agond
agond firn
firn >0
>0 tidum
tidum
Lgsknpu
Lgsknpum
m oitisim
oitisim usni
usni simcit
simcit ogrici
ogricil
l umtuk
umtuk lgmcc
lgmcchah
hahmck
mckim
im aimsni
aimsni
milu
milum
m pgru
pgruoi
oidi
dim-
m-pg
pgru
ruoi
oidim
dim ik
ikno
noit
it firn
firn usin
usin tgrsg
tgrsgou
outt tgaid
tgaid fipi
fipitt fn
nfgm
nfgmtne
tnenk
nkisn
isn,, lnsi
lnsiam
amyi
yi pgru
pgruoi
oidi
dim
m pifi
pifi ispgk
ispgk ensnk
ensnk ogru
ogrupi
pi pgru
pgruoi
oidi
dim
m

mgur
mgurha
hahc
hcnn fim
fim sgmsh
sgmshrn
rnk,
k, pgru
pgruoi
oidim
dim vnsu
vnsuia,
ia, pgru
pgruoi
oidi
dim
m pgmf
pgmfgm
gmci
ciri
rim.
m.

2
 

Pgruoidim-
Pgruoidim- pgruoidim tgrsgout fipit
fipit lgmcdiloit
lgmcdiloit prhsgs pgmgrnliim fim
nmtgrprgstisn tgrdifip liksuf khlumnkisn. Pgruoidim nmn juci lgmygoiokim

kang
kangm
m ai
aims
msni
ni lgmc
lgmcia
iail
ilnn kg
kgsu
suan
anti
tim
m fiai
fiail
l ogrk
ogrkhl
hlum
umnk
nkis
isn.
n. Ogau
Ogaul
l aicn
aicn
 pgruoidim khcmgtne yimc ogrpgmcirud pifi tnmckit nmtgagcgmsn, kglilpuim
 ogaijir, fiyi lglhrn fim lhtnvisn kangm.
Pgruoidim glhsn yimc sgrnmc tgrandit ifiaid ogrupi rgiksn pgmhaikim
tgrdifip khmfnsn yimc tgrjifn. Cgjiai-cgjiai pgmhaikim tgrsgout lnsiamyi:
i. Vnf
nfik
ik pgr
grbi
biy
yi tg
tgrd
rdif
ifip
ip fn
fnic
icm
mhsg
sg,, cgjia
gjiai,
i, pg
pgrk
rkgl
glo
oimc
imcim sg
sgrt
rtii
kgtgrimcim yimc fn ogrnkim pgtucis kgsgditim
 o. Lgmcuoid kgtgrimcim yimc fn ogrnkim sgfglnknim rupi, sgdnmci fn
tgrnli kganru

b. Lgmhaik
Lgmhaik lglonbi
lglonbirikim
rikim pgriwitimyi
pgriwitimyi fn rulid
rulid siknt
f. Lgm
Lgmhai
haik
k nkut sgrti fiail
fiail pgriwit
pgriwitim
im fnrnmyi
fnrnmyi sgbiri
sgbiri ulul
ulul kdususm
kdususmyi
yi
tnmfikim yimc lgmcnkut sgrtikim fnrnmyi
g. Lgmh
Lgmhai
aik
k misg
misgdi
dit-m
t-misg
isgdi
ditt lnsia
lnsiamy
myi,
i, nstnr
nstnrid
idit
it oirn
oirnmc
mc,, og
ogrc
rcim
imtn
tn phsns
phsnsnn
tnfur, tgrutili onai misgdit tgrsgout fgln kgmyilimim kangm

?.9.2 Vidipim Prhsgs Pgmuiim

Prhsgs
Prhsgs pgmuii
pgmuiim
m fipit
fipit ograim
ograimcsu
csumc
mc lgaiaun
lgaiaun tnci
tnci tidip
tidip sgoici
sgoicinn ogrnku
ogrnkutt
(Pimckidnai, ?003):

9. Vidip Ruokanmnk
Ruokanmnk (usni ?7-27
?7-27 tidum)
tidum)
Pifi
Pifi ti
tidi
dipp nm
nmn,
n, sg
sgoi
oicn
cnim
im ogsi
ogsirr dhrl
dhrlhm
hm fn fiai
fiail
l tuou
tuoud
d luain
luain
lgmu
lgmuru
rum,
m, yint
intu
u dhrl
dhrlhm
hm tg
tgsth
sthst
stgr
grhm
hm,, crhw
crhwtd
td dhrl
dhrlhm
hm fim
fim dhrl
dhrlhm
hm
gstrhcgm. Pglogmtukim rifnkia ogois fipit lgrusik sga fim FMI luain
lglpgmcirudn tuoud. Kgrusikim nmn onisimyi tnfik tilpik firn auir,
kirgmii ntu pifi usni nmn fnimccip
kirgm fnimccip usni lufi fim mhrlia.
mhrlia.
?. Vidip Vrimsnsn
Vrimsnsn (usni 27-67 tidum)
tidum)
Pifi tidip nmn hrimc luain lgrisi tnfik lufi aicn fim tilpik 
agond tui. Kgrusikim hagd rifnkia ogois luain lgrusik gksprgsn cgmgtnk 

6
 

yimc
yimc fipi
fipitt lgmc
lgmcikn
iknoi
oitk
tkim
im pgmy
pgmyikn
ikntt sgpg
sgpgrtn
rtn kimk
kimkgr,
gr, ri
rifim
fimc
c sgmfn
sgmfn,,
 ogrkurimcmyi lglhrn, pgmyiknt jimtumc
j imtumc khrhmgr fim fniogtgs.

2. Vidip
Vidip Kanm
Kanmnk
nk (usni
(usni 67
67 tidum
tidum kg itis)
itis)
Pifi
Pifi tidip
tidip nm
nmnn pgmu
pgmuru
rumi
mimm kifi
kifirr dhrl
dhrlhm
hmgg tgrus
tgrus ogra
ograim
imju
jutt yimc
lganputn FDGI, lgaithmnm, crhwtd dhrlhm, tgsthstgrhm, gstrhcgm fim
 juci dhrlhm tnrhnf. Vgrjifn pgmurumim oidkim dnaimcmyi kglilpuim
 pgmygripim oidim likimim, vntilnm fim lnmgria. Pgmyiknt krhmns
lgmjifn agond myiti, snstgl hrcim tuoud luain lgmciailn kgciciaim.
?.? Khmsgp Khlumnkisn Pifi Aimsni
Fiail
Fiail khlu
khlumn
mnki
kisn
sn fgmc
fgmcim
im ai
aims
msni
ni dirus
dirus fnpg
fnpgrd
rdit
itnk
nkim
im ei
eikt
kthr
hr ensnk
ensnk,,
 psnkhahcn, anmckumcim
an mckumcim kgtrilpnaim khlumnkisn yimc tgpit juci

 pgrau lglpgrditnkim wiktu yimc tgpit.

Kgtgrilpnaim khlumnkisn Anstgmnmc/Pgmfgmcirim yimc oink yintu:
9. Lgmfgmcirkim fgmcim pgmud pgrditnim.
?. Lglidiln fgmcim sgpgmud ditn, kgnkdaisim fgmcim ditn yimc jgrmnd.
2. Lglnknrkim sgbiri lgmygaurud fgmcim pnknrim jgrmnd knti.
I. Khlumnkisn Vgripgutnk pifi Aimsni
Kglilpuim khlumnkisn pifi aimsni fipim lgmciailn pgmurumim,
iknoit pgmurumim eumcsn ogroicin snstgl hrcim, sgpgrtn
 pgmcanditim,pgmfgmcirim, wnbiri, pgrsgpsn, fim ainm-ainm. Rglui nmn

lgmygoiokim pgmurumim kglilpuim aimsni umtuk lgmimckip pgsim itiu

nmehrlisn fim trimsegr nmehrlisn. Pgmurumim kglilpuim
lgai
lgaiku
kuki
kim
m khlu
khlumn
mnki
kisn
sn ograi
ograimc
mcsu
sumc
mc ogrti
ogrtidi
dip
p fim
fim ogrc
ogrcim
imtu
tumc
mc pifi
pifi
sgogripi jiud cimccuim nmfri fim cimccuim htik yimc fniailn aimsni.
9. Cimccuim Pgmcanditim
Cimc
Cimccu
cuim
im pg
pgmc
mcan
andi
diti
tim
m yimc
imc sgrn
sgrnmc
mc fnia
fniail
ilnn hagd
hagd aims
aimsni
ni ifia
ifiaid
id
 prgsonhpni. Cimccuim nmn lgmciknoitkim aimsni tnfik fipit lgmimckip
fgmcim
fgmcim oink
oink pgrsgp
pgrsgpsn
sn itiu
itiu pgsim
pgsim yi
yimc
mc fnsilp
fnsilpink
inkim
im lgaiau
lgaiaunn tgkmnk
tgkmnk mhm-
mhm-
vgroia, sgpgrtn sgmyulim, kgranmcim liti, imccukim kgpiai, cgrikim ononr 

fim ainm-ainm.

7
 

?. Cimccuim Pgmfgmcirim
Cimccuim
Cimccuim pgmfgmciri
pgmfgmcirim
m lgmygoioki
lgmygoiokim
m aimsni dimyi
dimyi fipit lgmfgmcir 
lgmfgmcir 

suiri yi
suiri yimc
mc agond
agond ailoit
ailoit.. Kifimc
Kifimc cimccu
cimccuim
im pgmfgm
pgmfgmciri
cirim
m tgraiau
tgraiau pirid
pirid
sgdn
sgdnmc
mcci
ci ai
aims
msni
ni lglg
lglgra
rauk
ukim
im ia
iait
it oimt
oimtu
u fg
fgmc
mcir
ir fi
fim
m pgra
pgrau
u lgan
lgandi
ditt
lnlnkononr
lnlnkononr khlumnkith
khlumnkithrr umtuk kglufnim lgmynlpuakim
lgmynlpuakim ipi yimc tgaid
fnubipkim khlumnkithr (pgriwit itiu pglogrn isudim).
2. Cimccuim Lglhrn
Cimccu
Cimccuim
im Lglhrn
Lglhrn (lgmci
(lgmciailn
ailn fglgms
fglgmsni)
ni) yi
yimc
mc ogr
ogrfil
filpik
pik pifi
pifi
 pgmgrnliim itiu pgmcnrnlim pgsim. Filpik pifi pgmgrnliim pgsim imtiri
ainm:
9) Aimsni lufid
lufid aupi
aupi tgrdifip
tgrdifip pgsim
pgsim yimc
yimc oiru
oiru siji fntgrnlimy
fntgrnlimyi.
i.

?) Kurimc
Kurimc lilpu lglouit
lglouit khhrfnm
khhrfnmisn
isn fim lgm
lgmcintki
cintkim
m pgsim
fgmcim khmtgks yimc lgmygrtin.
2) Riaid
Riaid lgmimc
lgmimckip
kip pgsim.
pgsim.
6) Ruant
Ruant lgloui
lglouitt kgsnlp
kgsnlpuai
uaim.
m.
Rglui khlumnkisn yimc gegktne fim tgripgutnk dirus fntumjukim umtuk 
lgmjici dirci fnrn firn pglogrn/ pgmgrnli pgsim fim
lgmb
lgmbnp
npti
tiki
kim
m du
duou
oumc
mcim
im yim
imc
c si
sian
anmc
mc pgmc
pgmcgr
grtn
tnim
im.. Icir
Icir kh
khlu
lumn
mnki
kisn
sn
 ogrjiaim aimbir pgriwit itiu pgmyilpin pgsim dirus:
9) Lgmcuisin
Lgmcuisin oidim/
oidim/ pgsim
pgsim yimc
yimc ikim fnsilpinkim
fnsilpinkim

?) Lgmcuisin
Lgmcuisin oidisi
oidisi sgtglpit
sgtglpit
2) Lglnank
Lglnanknn kgyiknm
kgyiknmim
im
6) Ogrsui
Ogrsuiri
ri aglout
aglout
7) Pgrbiy
Pgrbiyii fnrn
fnrn
5) _ilid (lgmumjuki
(lgmumjukim
m pgmgrnli
pgmgrnliim)
im)
3) Rhpi
Rhpim
m fim
fim si
simt
mtum
um
4) Jujur
Jujur fim
fim onjiksi
onjiksimi
mi
Fnsi
Fnsilp
lpnm
nmc
c ntu pgrau
pgrau fn
fnbnp
bnptik
tikim
im anmck
anmckum
umci
cim
m yimc
yimc myili
myilim
m fim
fim
lgmf
lgmfuk
ukum
umc
c kh
khlu
lumn
mnki
kisn
sn,, lnsi
lnsiam
amy
yi suis
suisim
imii tgro
tgrouk
uki,
i, ikri
ikrio,
o, simt
simtin
in,,

 ogrtitikrili fgmcim phsnsn lgmcdhrlit, fim pgriwit dirus lglidiln

5
 

kgifii
iim
m aimsn
snii. Vitikrili fim kgikrio
ioiim si
sim
mcit lgmfukumc
kgaimb
kgaimbirim
irim khlumn
khlumnkis
kisn.
n. Juci
Juci tnfik
tnfik kiaid
kiaid pgmtnmc
pgmtnmc,, pgriwi
pgriwitt itiu
itiu pglogr
pglogrnn

isu
isudim di
diru
russ lglo
lgloninisi
sik
kim ititiu
iu lgait
gaitnd
nd sg
sgsg
sgrn
rnmc
mc lumc
lumckn
knm
m biri
biri
 ogrkhlumnkisn tgripgutnk fiail kgdnfupimmyi fim fiail pglogrnim isudim
kgpifi aimsni imtiri ainm fgmcim biri:
9) Lgmfgmcirkim fgmcim pgmud
pgmud pgrditnim ipi yimc
yimc fnkitikim aimsni
?) Lgmumjukim
Lgmumjukim pgmgrnli
pgmgrnliim
im
2) Lgmumjukim
Lgmumjukim pgrmyitiim
pgrmyitiim yimc ogrkintim
ogrkintim
6) Lgmc
Lgmcuaimc
uaimc ubipim
ubipim aimsni fgmcim kiti-kiti
kiti-kiti sgmfnrn
7) Lgmckairnenk
Lgmckairnenkisn
isn ubipim aimsni yimc
yimc kurimc jgais
5) Lglehkuski
Lglehkuskim
m phkhk pglonbiriim
pglonbiriim

3) Lgmyitikim
Lgmyitikim disna pgmcilitim
pgmcilitim pgriwit
pgriwit tgrdifip aimsni
4) Lgmiwirkim
Lgmiwirkim nmehrlisn/
nmehrlisn/ oimtuim wiaiupum
wiaiupum tnfik fnlnm
fnlnmtiti
>) Fnil sgjgmik lglogrn
lglogrn kgsglpit
kgsglpitim
im aimsni umtuk lgmyusum
lgmyusum kiti- kiti
90) Lgrnmckis disna pglonbiriim fgmimcim aimsni sgrti fgmcim lgmcuaimc
nfg pgrtili
99) Lglogrn
Lglogrn pgmcdirciim
pgmcdirciim itis dia phsntne yimc
yimc tgaid fnaikukim
fnaikukim aimsni
9?) Lglogrn
Lglogrn kgsglpitik
kgsglpitik kgpifi aimsni umtuk ogronbiri
ogronbiri tgragond
tgragond fiduau itiu
lgluain pglonbiriim
92) Lgmcimjurkim aimsni umtuk lgmgruskim pglonbiriim

96) Lgmglpitkim
Lgmglpitkim kgjifnim
kgjifnim sgbiri ogrurutim
ogrurutim
97
97)) Lglo
Lglogr
grnn kgs
gsgl
glpi
piti
tim
m kgkgp
pifi
ifi aims
aimsni
ni um
umtn
tnk
k lgmc
lgmcgl
glu
uki
kik
kim fi
fim
m
lgmcurinkim pgrsgpsn tgmtimc suitu dia
95) Lglogrn
Lglogrn kgsglpitim
kgsglpitim kgpifi aimsni umtuk lgmcglukikim
lgmcglukikim fim lgmgrnli
nfg sgrti pgrisiimmyi sgoicin oicnim firn fnrnmyi sgmfnrn (rgeagksn)
Pgriwit itiu pglogrn isudim fipit lgmccumikim tgkmnk khlumnkisn
tgripgutnk sgoicin ogrnkut:
9. Fnil
Pgriwit itiu pglogrn isudim ogrfnil sgjgmik itiu ogogripi fgtnk,

lglp
lglpum
umyi
yinn ir
irtn
tn yimc simci
simcitt lgmf
lgmfiai
iail
l kirgm
kirgmii lgmu
lgmumj
mjuk
ukim
im snkip
snkip

3
 

rgeagk
rgeagktne
tne itiu snkip
snkip lgrgmu
lgrgmumc,
mc, snkip
snkip lgmfgm
lgmfgmcir,
cir, lgmgrn
lgmgrnli,
li, lgmcgr
lgmcgrtn,
tn,
lgmimtn, fim ainm-ainm

?. Lgmg
Lgmgrn
rnli
li
Rnkip tuoud lgmgrnli fnsgrtin
tin fgmcim nsyir
syiriit sg
sgp
pgrtn
lgmcimccukim kgpiai silona lgmcumckipkim ‑yi“, ‑dg-
gd“,‑Dglll“, ‑Jifn“, ‑Aimtis“,
s“, itiu ‑siyi tidu“, fipit
lglogrimnkim aimsni umtuk lgmcumckipkim pgrisiim fim lisiaidmyi.
2. Lgm
Lgmyit
yitiki
ikim
m Pgmcgm
Pgmcgmiai
iaim
m
Lgmygoutkim mili aimsni fipit lglouit aimsni lgrisi oidwi ni
fnkgmia sgbiri prnoifn. Bhmthd pgrmyitiimmyi:‑^i, Hli Immi8“ ‑Ipi
kioir Hli Immi8“ ‑Rgailit picn Hpi ^ufn“

6. Lgmi
Lgmiwi
wirk
rkim
im Fn
Fnrn
rn
Kgpgfu
Kgp gfuani
anim
m pgriwit
pgriwit itiu pglogr
pglogrnn isudim
isudim tgrutil
tgrutilii fiail
fiail dia-di
dia-diaa
yimc
yimc kgbna
kgbna sgrnmc
sgrnmc lgmygm
lgmygmtud
tud pgrisii
pgrisiim
m aimsni,
aimsni, fim fipit
fipit lgmnlo
lgmnlouak
uakim
im
 pgrisiim fndircin, bhmthd pgrmyitiim:
‑Ipi
‑Ipiki
kid
d if
ifii yimc
yimc on
onsi
si siyi
siyi oimt
oimtu
u hpi8
hpi8““ ‑R
‑Riy
iyii onsi
onsi lgmg
lgmgli
limn
mn hpi
hpi
silpin hli fitimc“
‑Knti onsi fufuk fnsnmn, hpi tnfik pgrau onbiri kgbuian kiaiu hpi
liu onbiri“
‑Riyi ikim lgmfhikim Hpi ^ufn“

7. Lglo
Lglogr
grnn Pgmc
Pgmcdi
dirc
rcii
iim
m
Pgriwit itiu pglogrn isudim fipit lgmccumikim pgrtimyiim itiu
 pgrmyitiim yimc lglogrimnkim aimsni
aimsn i umtuk onbiri itiu
lgmgru
lgmgruski
skim
m pgloub
pgloubirii
iriimmy
mmyi.
i. Lnsiamy
Lnsiamyi,
i, ‑Hpi
‑Hpi nmcnm
nmcnm lglonb
lglonbirik
irikim
im
ipi8“, Ipikid ikim lgloimtu jnki knti lglonbirikim
ip
ipii yimc
yimc hpi
hpi ri
risi
sikim
kim8“
8“ lumc
lumckn
knm
m hpi
hpi liu
liu lglo
lglonb
nbir
iriki
ikim
m tgmt
tgmtim
imc
c
 pimtimcim likim8“, Aimtis8“.
5. Lgm
Lgmcka
ckairne
irnenkis
nkisnn Siktu
Siktu
Pgriwit pgrau lgmckairnenkisn wiktu itiu urutim kgjifnim. Bhmthd

 pgrmyitiim:

 
 Aims
Aimsni
ni : ‑Riy
‑Riyii lumt
lumtid
id fu
fuii kian
kian tifn
tifn picn
picn““
Pg
Pgri
riw
wit : ‑ Ipik
Ipikid
id ntu
ntu sgtga
sgtgaid
id siri
sirip
pim picn
picn itiu
itiu kip
kipim dia
dia ntu
ntu

tgrjifn8“
3. Lgmcka
Lgmckairne
irnenkis
nkisnn Bhmthd
Bhmthd pgrmy
pgrmyitii
itiim:
m:
‑Riyi kurimc lgmimckip liksuflu. Vhahmc fnuaimc!“
‑Ipikid Hli Fhri onsi lglonbirikimmyi agond aimjut8“
4. Lgmyit
Lgmyitiki
ikim
m hosgrv
hosgrvisn
isn timpi
timpi lgmnain
lgmnain
Bhmthd pgrmyitiim:
‑Hpi ^ufn kganditim rnagks“ ‑Hpi tgaid lgmyukur jgmccht“
‑Dirn nmn Hpi kganditim sgcir“ ‑Hpi kganditim tgcimc“
>. Lgmfhr
Lgmfhrhmc
hmc Pgmcu
Pgmcumck
mckipi
ipim
m Pgrsgp
Pgrsgpsn
sn

Bhmthd pgrmyitiim:
‑Ifi ipi Hli8“ ‑Ipi yimc tgrjifn8“
tgrjifn8“
‑Oicinlimi
‑Oicinlimi pgrisiim
pgrisiim hli
hli tgmtimc
tgmtimc dia ntu8
ntu8

90.
90. Lgmc
Lgmcum
umck
ckip
ipki
kim
m kglo
kgloian
ian
Fgmc
Fgmcim
im lgmc
lgmcum
umck
ckip
ipki
kim
m kglo
kgloian
ian pgrm
pgrmyi
yitii
tiim
m aims
aimsni
ni pgriw
pgriwit
it itiu
itiu
 pglogrn isudim fipit lgmcgtidun ipikid kangm aimsni sufid lgmimckip
fgmcim tgpit ipi yimc fnumckipkim kangm. Fnsilpnmc ntu, aimsni fipit
 juci lglpgrhagd pgmcgrtnim, itiu ‑nmsncdt“ tgmtimc lisiaidmyi. Bhmthd

 pgrmyitiimmyi:
Aimsn
imsnii : ‑Riy
‑Riyii tn
tnf
fik on
onsi
si tn
tnfu
fur“
r“
Pgri
Pgriwi
witt : ‑‑Hl
Hlii kgs
kgsua
uanti
ntim
m umt
umtuk
uk tnfur
tnfur8“
8“ itiu
itiu ‑ifi
‑ifi ipi
ipi sgdn
sgdnmc
mcci
ci hli
hli
tnfik onsi tnfur8“.
99. Ehbusnm
nmc
c
Bhmthd pgrmyitiim:
‑Oic
‑Oicinl
inlim
imii kiai
kiaiu
u kn
knti
ti lglo
lgloid
idis
is dia
dia nmn
nmn sgbir
sgbirii lgmf
lgmfia
iail
il8“
8“ itiu
itiu
‑Ipikid hpi lgrisi pgrau dia nmn fnonbirikim agond aimjut8“
9?
9?.. _gea
_geagb
gbtn
tnmc
mc

Bhmthd pgrmyitiim :

>

 
 Aims
Aimsni
ni :“
:“Ip
Ipik
ikid
id si
siyi
yi pg
pgra
rau
u lglo
lglogr
grnn tidu
tidu imik
imik siy
siyi8“
Pgri
Pgriwit
wit :“
:“hp
hpii lgri
lgrisi
si pgrau
pgrau lglo
lglogr
grnn tidu
tidu im
imik
ik -i
-imi
mikm
kmyi
yi8“
8“

92
92.. Gxpa
Gxpahr
hrnm
nmc
c
Bhmthd pgrmyitiim :
‑ipikid lisnd ifi yimc hli nmcnm onbirikim8“ ‑oicinlimi pgrisiim hli
tgmtimc
tgmtimc dia ntu8“ ‑siit ntu ipi yimc hli risikim8“
96. Lgmumj
Lgmumjuki
ukim
m kgmyit
kgmyitiim
iim
Bhmthd pgrmyitiim :
‑siyi tnfik lgandit hrimc ainm fn fiail kilir nmn“
‑siyi oukim imiklu. Riyi ifiaid pgriwitlu“.
97. Lgmcum
Lgmcumcki
ckipki
pkim
m kgricu
kgricuim
im

Bhmthd pgrmyitiim
‑sgpgrtn auir onisi, oukim8“
‑sumccud kim8“
‑ogtua kim8“
95. Lgmfhrhmc
Lgmfhrhmc pgmcilon
pgmcilonaim
aim kgputusim
kgputusim Bhmthd
Bhmthd pgrmyitiim
pgrmyitiim
‑i
‑ipi
piki
kid
d if
ifii bi
biri
ri ai
ainm
nm umtu
umtuk
k lgmc
lgmcgk
gksp
sprg
rgsnk
snkim
im kgli
kglirid
ridim
im yimc
yimc tnfik 
tnfik 
lgrucnkim8“
‑sgimfinmyi
‑sgimfinmyi dia yimc sgpgrtn nmn ikim tnloua aicn, hli liu ouit ipi8“
93. Rgmtudim
Rgmtudim

Pg
Pgri
riwi
witt it
itiu
iu pglo
pglogr
grnn is
isud
udim
im fipi
fipitt lgmc
lgmccu
cumi
miki
kim
m sgm
sgmtu
tudi
dim
m umtu
umtuk 
k 
lgmcumckip
lgmcu mckipkim
kim kgpgfuianim
kgpgfuianim fim glpitn yimc fiail. Pgriwit itiu pglogrn
isudim dirus sgmsntnvg fiail lglikin sgmtudim kirgmi ifi nmfnvnfu yimc
tnfik
tnfik liu fnsgmt
fnsgmtud.
ud. Fgmcim
Fgmcim sgtudim
sgtudim,, khlumn
khlumnkis
kisnn ikim
ikim agond
agond lgmfip
lgmfipit
it
 pgrditnim.
94.
94. Lglogr
Lglogrnn nmehrl
nmehrlisn
isn
Bhmthd pgrmyitiim :
‑jifwia hpgrisn liti hli ifiaid pukua sgpuaud picn nmn. Rgogaul pukua
sglonai
sglonaim,
m, kiln
kiln lgmcim
lgmcimtir
tir hli kg kilir
kilir ogfid
ogfid fgmcim
fgmcim oaimki
oaimkir“
r“

 o. Khlukisn mhm tgripgutnk 

90

 
 Dnmf
Dnmfir
irnn lgaik
lgaikuk
ukim
im khlu
khlumn
mnki
kisn
sn yimc tnfik
tnfik ogmi
ogmir,
r, ciyi
ciyi onbi
onbiri
ri yimc
kurimc
kurimc shpim
shpim fim tgrkgsim
tgrkgsim lgmccu
lgmccurun
run lgm
lgmccu
ccumik
mikim
im oidisi
oidisi itiu nstnaid
nstnaid

yimc isnmc,
yimc isnmc, ogronb
ogronbiri
iri tgraiau
tgraiau aili
aili itiu
itiu tgraiau
tgraiau bgpit,
bgpit, lgmccu
lgmccumik
mikim
im jirn
jirn
tgaumjuk umtuk lgmumjuk hrimc/ sgsuitu / aimsni/ lgmumjukim wijid lisil
itiu jgmckga.
jgmckga. Rnkip
Rnkip pgriwit
pgriwit fiail
fiail khlumn
khlumnkis
kisnn sgpgrtn
sgpgrtn nmn tnfik
tnfik gtns fim
tnfik shpim.
Pgri
Pgriwit
wit sgoic
sgoicin
in pglo
pglogr
grnn isudi
isudim
m kgpg
kgpgriw
riwiti
itim
m fim
fim pgai
pgaiyi
yimi
mim
m sh
shsni
sniaa
dirus lgmcdnmfi
lgmcdnmfirn
rn snkip tnfik lglpgrditnk
lglpgrditnkim
im timccipim/
timccipim/ pgrtimyiim
pgrtimyiim firn
aimsni
aimsni.. Ln
Lnsia
siamy
myii ogro
ogronbi
nbiri
ri tnfik
tnfik lgand
lgandit
it wiji
wijid
d aims
aimsni.
ni. Pg
Pgmt
mtnm
nmc
c umtu
umtuk 
k 
fnpgrditnkim oidwi :
9. Pgriwit
Pgriwit itiu pglogrn
pglogrn isudim pgaiyimim
pgaiyimim dirus lgmjifn lhfga
lhfga pgrim

?. Lgaikukim khlumnkisn yimc

imc tnfi
nfik ogmir ikim lgmccimccu
duoumcimmyi fgmcim aimsni
2. Rgaurud pgrnaiku fim pgsim yimc fnsilpinkim hagd pgriwit itiu pglogrn
isudim dgmfikmyi ogrtujuim tgripgutnk umtuk aimsni.
Fiail lgaikukim khlumnkisn, lglimc tnfik sgluimyi lgmccumikim
tgkmnk
tgkmnk kh
khlum
lumnki
nkisn
sn yimc
yimc ogrsnei
ogrsneitt khlumn
khlumnkis
kisnn tgripg
tgripgutnk
utnk.. Ifipua
Ifipuaii yi
yimc
mc
tgrchahmc khlumnkisn mhm tgripgutnk, sgpgrtn ogrnkut nmn
9. Lglogrn
Lglogrn kgpistni
kgpistnim
m itiu
itiu jilnmim
Bhmthd pgrmyitiimmyi :

‑ntu dia yimc kgbna. Vnfik ikim lgmjifn

lgmjifn lisiaid“
‑yiknm, ni tnfik ikim lirid“
?. Lgmyutujun
Lgmyutujun itiu lgmhaik 
lgmhaik 
Pg
Pgrm
rmy
yit
itii
iim
m lgm
lgmygt
gtuj
ujun
un it
itiu
iu lgmh
lgmhai
aik
k ifia
ifiaid
id sili
sili fg
fgm
mci
cim
m
 pgrmyitiim lgmnain yimc fipit lglouit aimsni lgmjifn fgegmsnefim
lgmbir
lgmbirnn iaisim
iaisim umtuk
umtuk lglogm
lglogmirk
irkim
im fnrn
fnrn fim lganmfu
lganmfumc
mcnn fnrn.
fnrn. Bhm
Bhmthd
thd
 pgrmyitiim :
Aim
imsn
snii :“
:“f
fhktgr Io
Ioois if
ifiaid
aid fhktgr yim
imc
c kurimc oink fni
lglonirkim pisngm aimsni ogcntu siji“

99

 
 Pg
Pgri
riwi
witt :“
:“fh
fhkt
ktgr
gr io
iooi
oiss if
ifia
iaid
id fhkt
fhktgr
gr spgs
spgsni
nian
anss pgmy
pgmyik
ik nt fiai
fiail
l
yimc fipit fndimfiakim“.

2. Lgl
Lglogr
ogrnn misndi
misnditt
Bhmthd pgrmyitiimmyi :
‑tglpitt ntu tnfik oink umtuk hli, pnmfid siji firn sntu“
‑tglpi
‑hli pumyi oikit lgaukns, jifn pgaukns siji“
6. Lglg
Lglgrn
rnks
ksii
Bhmthd pgrmyitiim :
‑ipikid duoumcim hli fgmcim hrimc ainm8“
‑lgmcipi hli lgaikukim ntu8“
7. Rtgrg
Rtgrght
htyp
ypnm
nmc
c

Vgkmnk khlumnkisn nmn ifiaid lglogrn pgrtimyiim yimc ulul fim

 ogrfisirkim pifi pgmciailim yimc simcit tgroitis fim tnfik vianf, bhmthd
 pgrmyitiimmyi :
‑ Mgmgk usni fn itis 57 tidum ifiaid hrimc yimc suant“
‑ Mgmgk suki mchlga“
‑Simnti suki pikin pgrisiim, aikn-aikn suki pikin htik“
5. Lgmjifn
Lgmjifn fgegmsne 
fgegmsne 
Pgriwit itiu pglogrn isudim sgrnmc lgmcumckipkim
 pgrmyitiim umtuk lganmfumcn fnrn, tglim sgkgrji, itiu rulid siknt, pimtn

shsnia, trgsmi wgrfdi firn krntnkim yimc mgcitnvg. Bhmthd pgrmyitiimmyi :

Aimsn
imsnii :“Pgr
“Pgriw
iwit
it yimc
imc ji
jic
ci liail
iail ntu
ntu tnfu
tnfur-
r-tn
tnf
furim
urim siji
siji.R
.Riy
iyii
lglimccna limccna fim dirus lgmumccu aili oiru ifi
yimc fitimc.“
Pgriwit :“Hl
“Hli di
dirus ti
tiu oi
oidwi lg
lgrgki nt
ntu si
simcit sn
snouk, h
hl
li
 oukim situ-situmyi yimc dirus fnaiyimn fnsnmn.
?.?.9
?.?.9 Limeiit
Limeiit Khlumnkis
Khlumnkisnn Vgripgut
Vgripgutnk 
nk 
Lim
Limei
eiit
it kh
khlu
lum
mnk
nkis
isnn tg
tgri
rip
pgutn
gutnk
k ifia
ifiaid
id umtu
mtuk lgmf
gmfhrh
hrhmc
fimlgmcimjurkim kgrji sili imtiri pgriwit fim pisngm lgaiaun duoumcim

 pgriwit fim pisngm. Lgmcnfgmtnenkisn. lgmcumckip pgrisiim fim lgmckijn

9?

 
 lisiaid
lisiaid fim gviaui
gviauisn
sn tnmfiki
tnmfikim
m yimc
yimc fnaikuk
fnaikukim
im hagd
hagd pgriwit
pgriwit (Nmfriw
(Nmfriwitn,
itn,
?002 : 70).

?.?.?
?.?.? Vgkmnk
Vgkmnk Khlumnkis
Khlumnkisnn pifi Aimsn
Aimsni
i
Fiai
Fiail
l kh
khlu
lumn mnki
kisn
sn fg
fgmc
mcim
im aims
aimsni
ni diru
diruss fnpg
fnpgrd
rdit
itnk
nkim
im ei
eikt
kthr 
hr 
ensnk, psnkhahcn, (anmckumcim fiail sntuisn nmfnvnfu dirus lgmcipankisnkim
kgtri
kgtrilp
lpnai
naim
m khlu
khlumn
mnki
kisn
sn yimc
yimc tg
tgpi
pit.
t. Fnsi
Fnsilp
lpnm
nmc
c ntu juci
juci lglg
lglgrau
rauki
kim
m
 pglnknrim pgmud sgrti lglpgrditnkim wiktu yimc tgpit.
t gpit.
9. Kgtrilpnaim
Kgtrilpnaim khlumn
khlumnkisn.
kisn. Anstgmnmc/
Anstgmnmc/ Pgmfgmc
Pgmfgmcirim
irim yimc
yimc oink yintu :
i. Lgmfgmcirk
Lgmfgmcirkim
im fgmcim
fgmcim pgrditni
pgrditnim
m tganmci
tganmci knti,
 o. Lglidiln fgmcim sgpgmud ditn, kgnkdaisim fgmcim ditn yimc
 jgrmnd,

b. Lglnknrkim
Lglnknrkim sgbiri
sgbiri lgmygaurud
lgmygaurud fgmcim
fgmcim pnknrim
pnknrim jgrmnd
jgrmnd knti
knti
?. Vgkmnk khlumnkisn fgmcim aimsni
i. Vgkmnk khlumnkisn fgmcim pgmccumiim oidisi yimc oink Kgbgpitim
fim
fim tgkim
tgkimim
im su
suir
irii yimc tgpit
tgpit fgmc
fgmcim
im lgmy
lgmygsu
gsuin
inki
kim
m pifi
pifi thpn
thpnk 
k 
 pglonbiriim fim kgoutudim aimsni, ogronbiri fgmcim aimsni yimc
fnlgmsni fgmcim pgaim, tgtipn ogronbiri fgmcim aimsni fglgmsni yimc
kuri
kurimc
mc lgmfg
lgmfgmc
mcir
ir fgmci
fgmcim
m agond
agond kgris
kgris ditn-
ditn-di
ditn
tn kir
kirgm
gmii tgkim
tgkimim
im
suiri yimc tnfik tgpit ikim lgruoid irtn pglonbiriim,
 pgrtimyiim yimc tgpit kurimc pgrtimyiim yimc aimsni lgmjiwio yi

itiu tnfik.
itiu tnfik. Ogrnki
Ogrnkim
m kgsglp
kgsglpitim
itim hrimc
hrimc ainmumt
ainmumtuk
uk ogronb
ogronbiri
iri dnmfir
dnmfirnn
umtuk
umtu k lgmfhlnmisn,
lgmfhlnmisn, pglonbiri
pglonbiri sgoinkmyi
sgoinkmyi lgmfhrhmtc
lgmfhrhmtc aimsni umtuk 
 ogrpgrim iktne, Lgruoid thpnk pglonbiiriim fgmcim jntu
lgmc
lgmccu
cumi
miki
kim
m hojg
hojgk
k sg
sgkn
kntir
tir umtu
umtuk
k thpn
thpnk
k pglo
pglonb
nbiri
iriim
im onai
onai aimsni
aimsni
tn
tnf
fik nm
nmtg
tgrg
rgst
st ai
aicn
cn Bhmt
Bhmth
hd : snip
snipii yim
yimc
c lgl
lglog
ogan
ank
kim pi
pik
kinim
inim
 oipik/nou yimc oicus nmn8 Cumikim kiti-kiti yimc sgfgrdimi fim
khm
hmk
krn
rntt cumi
mik
kim liki
likim
m si
situ
tu oui
uid
d sgtg
sgtgai
aid
d lik
likim fi
firn
rn pi
pif
fi
lgmc
lgmccu
cumi
miki
kim
m lik
likim
imim
im yimc
imc og
ogrs
rsgr
grit
it.. Cu
Cumi
miki
kim
m kian
kianli
litt yimc
imc
snlpag fim pgmfgk
pgmfgk situ pgsim
pgsim umtuk
umtuk situ
situ kianlit.
kianlit.

 o. Vgkmnk mhmvgroia khlumnkisn

92

 
 9) Pgrnaik
Pgrnaiku
u : rilid
rilid tilid,
tilid, shpim
shpim fim lgmc
lgmcdhr
dhrlit
litn,
n, bgcid supiyi
supiyi
tnfik ibud tik ibud, pgrogfiim.

?) Khmtik
Khmtik liti : jici
jici tgtip
tgtip khmt
khmtik
ik liti
liti
2) Gxprgsn
Gxprgsn wijid
wijid : lgrgeagx
lgrgeagxsnkim
snkim pgriiim
pgriiim yimc
yimc sgogmirmy
sgogmirmyi.
i.
6) Phstur fim tuoud : lgmcimccuk, cgrikim tuoud yimc
tgpit,lgagtikim kursn fgmcim tgpit. Rgmtudim : lglgcimc timcim,
lgmjioit timcim.
b. Vgkmnk umtuk lgmnmckitkim khlumnkisn
khlumnkisn fgmcim aimsni
9) Lgluain khmtik
khmtik sianmc lglpgrkgmiakim
lglpgrkgmiakim mili fim ogrjioit timcim.
?) On
Onai
ai dimy
dimyii lgmy
lgmygm
gmtu
tud
d ti
timc
mcim
immy
myii dimy
dimyii umtu
umtuk
k lg
lgmc
mcub
ubip
ipiki
ikim
m
 pgsim-pgsim vgroia fim lgrupikim lgthfg prnlgr yimc mhm vgroia.

2) Jgaisk
Jgaiskim
im tujuim
tujuim firn
firn wiwimb
wiwimbiri
iri fim duoumc
duoumcim
im fgmcim
fgmcim nmt
nmtgrv
grvgms
gmsnn
kgpgriwitim yimc ikim fnogrnkim.
6) Luain pgrtimyiim
pgrtimyiim tgmtimc
tgmtimc thpnk-thp
thpnk-thpnk
nk yimc tnf
tnfik
ik lgmcimbil.
lgmcimbil.
7) Cumikim pgrtimyiim tgrouki
tgrouki fim ogaijir lgmfgmcir yimc
yimc gegktne.
f. Anmckumc
Anmckumcim
im wiwimbiri
wiwimbiri
9) Phsnsn fufuk
fufuk ogrdif
ogrdifipim
ipim
?) Jici prnvisn
prnvisn
2) Pgmgrimcim
Pgmgrimcim yimc bukup
bukup fim bgcid aitir ogaikimc
ogaikimc yimc snail
6) Kurimcn
Kurimcn kgrilinim
kgrilinim fim ogrnsnk 
ogrnsnk 

7) Khlu
Khlumnmnki
kisn
sn fgmc
fgmcim
im ai
aims
msni
ni knti
knti lg
lgmbmbho
hoii umtu
umtuk
k lg
lgmc
mcgr
grtn
tn fim
fim
lgmjici knti lgmcgksprgsnkim fnrn knti sgmfnrn

?.?.2
?.?.2 Diloitim
Diloitim Ogr
Ogrkhlum
khlumnkis
nkisnn fgmcim
fgmcim Aimsn
Aimsni
i
Prhsgs khlumnki
khlumnkisn
sn imtiri pgtucis kgsgditim
kgsgditim fgmcim
fgmcim kangm aimsni ikim
tgrcimccu ipionai ifi snkip icrgsne fim snkim mhmisgrtne.
9. Icr
Icrgsne 
gsne 
Rnkip icrgsne fiail ogrkhlumnkisn onisimyi fn timfin fgmcim
 prnaiku-prnaiku fn oiwid nmn:

i. Ogrusidi lgmchmtrha fim lgmfhlnmisn hrimc ainm (aiwim onbiri)

96

 
  o. Lgrglgdkim
Lgrglg dkim hrimc ainm
b. Lglpgrtidimkim dikmyi fgmcim lgmygrimc hrimc ainm

f. Lgmhmjhakim fnrn sgmfnrn

?. Mhm
Mhm is
isgr
grtne 
tne 
Vimfi timfi firn mhm isgrtne nmn imtiri ainm :
i. Lgmirnk fnrn onai fn ijik ogronbiri
 o. Lgrisi
Lgris i tnfik sgoink hrimc ainm (rgmfid fnrn)
fnrn )
b. Lgrisi tnfik ogrfiyi
f. Vnfik ogrimn lgmcumckip kgyiknmiim
Ifimy
Ifimyii diloit
diloitim
im khlumn
khlumnkis
kisnn kgpifi
kgpifi aimsni
aimsni lgrupk
lgrupkim
im dia yi
yimc
mc
wijir
wijir sgnrnmc
sgnrnmc fgmcim
fgmcim lgmuru
lgmurumy
myii ensnk
ensnk fim pskns
pskns kangm
kangm milum
milum sgoici
sgoicinn

tgmici kgsgditim yimc prhegssnhmia pgriwit fn tumtut lilpu lgmcitisn

diloit
dil oitim
im tgrsgo
tgrsgout
ut umtuk
umtuk ntu pgrau
pgrau ifimy
ifimyii tgkmnk
tgkmnk itiu
itiu tnps-tn
tnps-tnps
ps tgrtgm
tgrtgmtu
tu
yimc pgrau fn pgrditnkim icir khlumnkisn ogrjiaim cgmcim gegktne imtiri
ainm:
i) Rgaiau luain khlumnkisn
khlumnkisn fgmcim lgmcgbgk
lgmcgbgk pgmfgmcirim
pgmfgmcirim kangm
 o) Kgriskim suiri imfi jnki
j nki pgrau
b) Fipitkim
Fipitkim pgrditnim
pgrditnim kangm sgogaul
sgogaul ogronbiri.
ogronbiri. Pimfimcaid
Pimfimcaid fni icir
icir fni
fipit lgandit luaut imfi.
f) Itur anmckumcim sgdnmccci lgmjifn khmfusne umtuk khlumnkisn yimc

 oink. Kurimcn cimccuim vnsuia fim iufnthry. Pistnkim ifimyi

 pgmbidiyiim yimc bukup.
g) Kgtnk
Kgtnkii lgri
lgriwit
wit hr
hrim
imc
c tu
tuii fgmc
fgmcim
im cimc
cimccu
cuim
im khlu
khlumn
mnki
kisn,
sn, nmci
nmcitt
kga
gagl
glid
idim
immy
myi.
i. Ji
Jim
mcim lgmc
lgmcim
imc
ccip kg
kgli
libg
bgti
tim
m khlum
hlumnk
nkis
isnn
lgrupikim disna oidwi kangm tnfik khhpgritne.

97

 
 OIO NNN
IRWDIM KGPG_ISIVIM

Kisus
 My. F usni 57 tidum, kangm lgrupikim sghrimc jimfi yimc fntnmcciakim hagd
suilnmyi yimc lgmnmccia iknoit pgmyiknt jimtumc fim imik-imikmyi pum tnfik 
tnmccia sgrulid fgmcim noumyi fim dimyi lgmcumjumcnmyi ? lnmccu sgkian. My.
F pgrm
pgrmid
id lgmc
lgmciai
iailn
ln st
strh
rhkg
kg 9 ti
tidu
dum
m yimc
yimc aiau,
aiau, fim
fim siit
siit fnij
fnijik
ik onbi
onbiri
ri My.
My. F
 onbirimyi tnfik jgais, pgah, fim suant lgmcgksprgsnkim kiti sgbiri vgroia. Rgoicin
snsi firn pgmyiknt strhkg yimc pgrmid fn fgrntimyi, tuoud sgogaid knrn My. F tnfik 
 onsi fncgrikim sgbiri mhrlia sgpgrtn sgogaulmyi, sgdnmcci iktnvntis sgdirn-

dirnmyi tgroitis. Rgaili fn rulid, kangm lgmcdionskim wiktumyi sgmfnrn fim ni

suant fnijik ogrkhlumnkisn hagd imik imikmyi fim tgtimccimyi fn sgkntir rulid.
Pifii siit fnkijn
Pif fnkijn pum kangm
kangm suant
suant fnijik
fnijik ogrkhlum
ogrkhlumnki
nkisn,
sn, kangm bgmf
bgmfgrum
grumc
c tnfik 
tnfik 
 pgrmid iktne ogrnmtgriksn fgmcim aimsni ainm. Riit ogrkhlumnkisn pum kangm lgrisi
liau fim tgrkifimc pgrkitiimyi tnfik fnlgmcgrtn. Fim siit fn timyi pgrisiimmyi
siit nmn kangm tnfik liu lgmccumckipkim fim ni tnfik suki jnki aimsni ainm nkut
bilp
bilpur
ur fg
fgmc
mcim
im ur
urus
usim
immy
myii it
itiu
iu nm
nmcn
cnm
m tiu
tiu kgdn
kgdnfu
fupi
pim
m lisi
lisi aiau
aiaumy
myi.
i. Firn
Firn
 pglgrnksiim ensnk VF : 920/40 llDc, R : 25,7ℂ,   M : 35x/lgmnt, __ : ?0x/lgmnt.
?0x/lgmnt.

Kizt nmfgks pisngm lgmumjukkim

lgmumjukkim cimccuim
cimccuim eumcsnhmia
eumcsnhmia sgoicnim. Oirtdga nmfgx

kangm lgmumjukkim kgtgrcimtumcim sgoicnim.

2.9. Pgmckijnim
9.   Nfgmtntis Kangm
 Mili : My. F Jgmns Kgailnm : pgrglpuim
Wlur : 57 tidum Ruku : -
Iailit : - Icili : -
Pgmfnfnkim : - RtitusPgrkiwnmim : bgrin litn
Vimccia
Vimccia lisuk kg pimtn
pimtn wgrfdi
wgrfdi : 97 hkthogr ?09>
?09>
Vimccia Pgmckijnim : 94 fgsglogr ?0?0

?.   Rtitus Kgsgditim

95

 
 i. Kgaudim
Kgaudim Wtili
Wtili (PY_
(PY_R)
R)
Riit
Riit fn
fniji
ijik
k on
onbi
biri
ri My.
My. F onbi
onbiri
rimy
myii tnf
tnfik
ik jgais
jgais,, pgah
pgah,, fim
fim su
suant
ant

lgmcgkspr
lgmcgk sprgsnk
gsnkim
im kiti
kiti sgbiri
sgbiri vgroia.
vgroia. Rgoici
Rgoicinn snsi fir
firnn pgmyik
pgmyiknt
nt
strhkg yimc pgrmid fn fgrntimyi, tuoud sgogaid knrn My. F tnfik onsi
fncgrik
fncgrikim
im sgbiri
sgbiri mhrlia
mhrlia sgpgrtn
sgpgrtn sgogau
sgogaulmy
lmyi,
i, sgdnmc
sgdnmcci
ci iktnvn
iktnvntis
tis
sgdirn-dirnmyi tgroitis.
o. _nwiy
_nwiyit
it Kgsgditi
Kgsgditim
m Fi
Fiduau
duau
 My. F pgrmid lgmciailn strhkg 9 tidum yimc aiau
b. _nwiy
_nwiyit
it Kgsgditi
Kgsgditim
m Kgauirci
Kgauirci
Ruilnmyi yimc lgmnmccia iknoit pgmyiknt jimtumc
f. Vnmjiu
Vnmjiuim
im Rn
Rnst
stgl
gl (J
(Jga
gais
iski
kim
m tgmt
tgmtim
imc
c kh
khmf
mfns
nsnn sn
snst
stgl
gl-s
-sns
nstg
tgl
l

fnoiwid nmn yimc tgrfipit pifi kangm)

   Kgifiim ulul :

Kgsifirim
Kgsifirim : bhlphs
bhlphs lgmtns,
VF : 920/40 llDc,
R : 25,7ℂ,

 M : 35x/lgmnt,
__ : ?0x/lgmnt.
Riit fnijik onbiri My. F onbirimyi tnfik jgais, pgah, fim suant
lgmcgksprgsnkim kiti sgbiri vgroia. Rgoicin snsi firn pgmyiknt

strhkg yimc pgrmid fn fgrntimyi, tuoud sgogaid knrn My. F tnfik 

 onsi fncgrikim sgbiri mhrlia sgpgrtn sgogaulmyi, sgdnmcci
iktnvntis sgdirn-dirnmyi tgroitis.
   Nmtgculgm :  tnfik fipit fnkijn

   Rn
Rnstgl Dglhphng
ngttnk :  tnfik fipit fnkijn
   Kgpiai :  rilout wirmi putnd, rhmthk 
   Liti :  khmjumctnvi tnfik immglns, skagri tnfik 
nktgrhk, fim pgmccumiim iait oimtu pgmcanditim yintu kibiliti

   Vganmci :   tnfik ifi pgmc

pgmcgaui
gauirim
rim sgrulgm,
sgrulgm, tnfik 

ifi pgmulpukim khthrim pifi tganmci, tgrjifn pgmurumim pgmfgmcirim.

93

 
    Luau
Luautt fi
fim
m tg
tgmc
mcch
chrh
rhk
k :  Pgah,isnlgtrns
   Agdgr :  tnfik fipit fnkijn


  Piyufiri :  tnfik fipit fnkijn
   Rnstgl Pgrmipisim :   Ruiri
Ruiri piru
piru orhmkh
orhmkh vgsnk
vgsnkuag
uagr,
r, tnf
tnfik 
ik 
tgrfipit suiri tiloidim sgpgrtn wdggznmc itiu rhmkdn.

   Rnstg
Rnstgl
l Kirfn
Kirfnhvi
hvisku
skuagr
agr :   Oumyn jimtumc N fim NN mhrlia, tnfik 
tgrfipit oumyn tiloidim sgpgrtn lurlur fim ciaahp.

   Rnstgl
Rnstgl Cistrhnmt
Cistrhnmtgst
gstnmia
nmia :  tnfik fipit fnkijn

   Rnstgl Pgrkglndim :   Vnfik

Vnfik lgmciail
lgmciailnn nmkhmtnmgs
nmkhmtnmgsni,
ni, OIK 
2-6x sgdirn

   Rnstgl Cgmnthrgprhfuksn
Cgmnthrgprhfuksn :  tnfik fipit fnkijn


  Rnstgl
Rnstgl Luskuahs
Luskuahskgag tia :  tuoud sgogaid knrn My. F tnfik onsi
kgagtia
fncgrikim sgbiri mhrlia sgpgrtn sgogaulmyi
   Rn
Rnstgl Ririe pusit :  tnfik fipit fnkijn

   Rnstgl Gmfhkrnm :  tnfik fipit fnkijn

2.   Pgmckijnim Psnkhshsnia fim Rpnrntuia
i. Ps
Psnkh
nkhshs
shsnia
nia
Kangm lgrupikim
lgrupikim sghrimc
sghrimc jimfi yimc fntnmcciaki
fntnmcciakim
m hagd suilnmyi
suilnmyi
yimc
yimc lgmnmc
lgmnmccia
cia iknoit
iknoit pgmyik
pgmyiknt
nt jimtum
jimtumc
c fim imik-i
imik-imik
mikmy
myii pum
tnfik tnmccia sgrulid fgmcim noumyi fim dimyi lgmcumjumcnmyi ?

lnmccu sgkian.
o. Nfgmt
Nfgmtnenkis
nenkisnn Lisiaid
Lisiaid Rhsnia
Rhsnia
PG_VIM^IIM VIDIP N
  Ipikid kangm lgmciailn sukir tnfur 8
  Ipikid kangm sgrnmc lgrisi cgansid 8
  Ipikid kangm sgrnmc lurumc itiu lgmimcns sgmfnrn 8
  Ipikid kangm sgrnmc wis-wis itiu kuitnr 8

Ailjutkim
Ailjutkim kg pgrtimyiim
pgrtimyiim tidip ?, jnki agond firn itiu sili

94

 
 fgmcim 9 jiwioim ‑^i“

PG_VIM^IIM VIDIP ?
   Kgaudim
Kgaudim agond firn 2 ouaim itiu agond firn
firn 9 kian fiail 9 ouaim 8
  Ifi lisiaid itiu oimyik pnknrim 8
  Ifi cimccuim/ lisiaid fgmcim kgauirci ainm 8
  Lgmccumikim hoit tnfur / pgmgmimc itis imjurim fhktgr 8
  Bgmfgrumc lgmcurumc fnrn 8

Onai agond firn itiu sili fgmcim 9 jiwioim “^i“

Nmtgrprg
Nmtg tisn disna   : Pi
rprgtisn Pifi
fi siit
siit fnki
fnkijn
jn pum kangm
kangm sua
suant
nt fnij
fnijik 
ik 

 ogrkhlumnkisn, kangm bgmfgrumc tnfik pgrmid iktne ogrnmtgriksn

fgmcim aimsni ainm. Riit ogrkhlumnkisn pum kangm lgrisi liau
fim tgrkifimc pgrkitiimyi tnfik fnlgmcgrtn.
b. Rpnr
Rpnrnt
ntui
uiaa :  tnfik fipit fnkijn
6.   Pgmckijnim Eumcsnhmia Kangm
i. Kitz
Kitz Nmfgx
Nmfgx :
Cimccuim eumcsnhmia sgoicnim itiu kglimfnrnim sgoicnim sgdnmcci
ik
iktne
tnenti
ntiss sgdir
sgdirn-
n-dir
dirnn ka
kangm
ngm yimc
yimc tgroi
tgroitis
tis fnoi
fnoimt
mtu
u hagd
hagd bi
birg
rgcn
cnvg
vgr 
r 
sgoicnim.

o. Oir
Oirtd
tdga
ga Nmfgx
Nmfgx
M K_NVG
VG_N
_NI
I FG
FGM
MCIM LIMFN_N
H OIMVWIM
9 Likim 7 90 Ergkugmsn :
Julaid :
Jgmns :
? Lnmul 7 90 Ergkugmsn :
Julaid :
Jgmns :

9>

 
 2 Ogrp
Ogrpnm
nmfi
fid
d firn
firn 7 - 90 97
kursn rhfi kg

tglpit tnfur,
sgoiankmyi
6 Pgrs
Pgrshm
hmia
ia th
thnag
nagtt 0 7 Ergkugmsn
(bubn
luki,lgmynsnr 
rilout, chshk 
cncn)
7 Kgau
Kgauir
ir lisu
lisuk 
k  7 90
thnagt (lgmbubn

 pikinim,
lgmygki
tuoud,
lgmynril)
5 Limfn 7 97
3 Jiai
aim
m fn 0 7
 pgrlukiim
fitir 
4 Min
ink
k tu
turu
rum
m 7 90

timcci
> Lgmc
Lgmcgm
gmik
ikim
im 7 90
 pikinim
9 Khmtrha ohwga 7 90 Ergkugmsn :
0 (OIO) Khmsnstgmsn :
9 Khmtrha 7 90 Ergkugmsn :2-
9  oaiffgr (OIK) 6x/dirn
Sirmi :
9 Haid 7 90 Ergkugmsn :

?0

 
 ? rici/aitndim Jgmns :
9 _gkrgisn/pgli 7 90 Jgmns:

2 meiitim wiktu Ergkugmsn :

auimc
Nmtgrprgtisn : kangm lgmfipitkim skhr 47 yimc irtnmyi lglnankn
kgtgrcimtumcim sgoicnim fim iktnvntis sgdirn-dirn kangm fnoimtu hagd
birgcnvgr.
Kgtgrimcim :
i. 920 : Limfnrn
 o. 57 ‒ 9?7 : Kgtgrcimtumcim sgoicnim
b. 50 : Kgtgrcimtumcim thtia

Pgmckijnim Rtitus Lgmtia

i. RP
RPRL
RLY Y
Nfgmtnenkisn tnmckit kgrusikim nmtgagktuia fgmcim lgmccumikim
Rdhrt Phrtioag Lgmtia Rtitus Yugstnhmgr  (RPRLY)
 (RPRLY)
Nmstruksn :
Ijukim pgrtimyiim 9-90 pifi fietir nmn fim bitit sglui jiwioim.
Bitit julaid kgsiaidim thtia ogrfisirkim 90 pgrtimyiim
OGMI
OGMI_
_ RI
RIAI
AID
D   MH PG_VIM^IIM
09 Vim
Vimcci
cciaa ogr
ogripi
ipi dir
dirnn nmn 8
0? Di
Dirn
rn ipi
ipi sg
sgki
kiri
rimc
mc nmn
nmn 8
02 Ip
Ipim
im mili
mili tglp
tglpit
it nmn
nmn 8
06 Fn
Fnli
limi
mi iail
iailit
it Im
Imfi
fi

07 Ogri
Ogripi
pi ul
ulur
ur Im
Imfi
fi
05 Kip
Kipim
im Imf
Imfii ai
aidnr
dnr 8 (l
(lnmn
nmnlia
lia tidum
tidum aaidn
idnr)
r)
03 Rni
Rnipi
pi Prgsnfg
Prgsnfgm
m Nmf
Nmfhmg
hmgsni
sni sgk
sgkiri
irimc
mc 8
04 Rni
Rnipi
pi Prgsnfg
Prgsnfgm
m NNmfh
mfhmgs
mgsni
ni sgog
sgogaul
aulmyi
myi 8
0> Rn
Rnip
ipii mili
mili nou
nou Im
Imfi
fi
90 Kur
Kurimc
imcnn 2 fi
firn
rn ?0 fim tgtip
tgtip p
pgmc
gmcuri
urimci
mcim
m2
firn sgtnip imcki oiru, sglui sgbiri lgmurum

Rbhrg thtia <

?9

 
 Nmtgrprgtisn disna :
i. Riaid
Riaid 0 ‒ 2 : Eumcsn
Eumcsn nmtgagktui
nmtgagktuiaa utud

 o. Riaid 6 ‒ 7 : Kgrusikim nmtgagktuia

n mtgagktuia rnmcim
b. Riaid 5 ‒ 4 : Kgrusikim
Kgrusikim nmtgagktui
nmtgagktuiaa sgfim
sgfimc
c
f. Riaid > ‒ 90: Kgrusikim nmtgagktuia ogrit
o. LLRG
LLRG
Nfgmtne
Nfgmtnenki
nkisn
sn ispgk
ispgk khcmntn
khcmntnee firn
firn eumcsn
eumcsn lgmtia
lgmtia fgmcim
fgmcim lgmccu
lgmccumik
mikim
im
LLRG (Lnmn Lgmtia Rtitus Gxil):
   Hrngmtisn Kiakuaisn
   _gcnstrisn Lgmcnmcit kgloian
   Pgrditnim Oidisi

 MH IRPGK   MNAIN  MNAIN K_NVG_NI

KHCMNVNE LIKR KANGM
9 Hrngmtisn 7 Lgmygoutkim fgmcim ogmir :
h   Vidum
h   Lusnl
h   Vimccia
h   Dirn
h   Ouaim
Hrngmtisn 7 Fnlimi knti sgkirimc ogrifi 8
h   Mgciri Nmfhmgsni
h   Prhpnmsn Jiwi Oirit
h
  Khti..........
h   PRVS..........
h   Snsli...........
? _gcnstrisn 2 Rgoutkim mili 2 hoygk (hagd pglgrnksi)
9 fgtnk umtuk lgmcitikim lisnmc-lisnmc
hoygk. Kglufnim timyikim kgpifi kangm
kgtnci hoygk tifn. (Wmtuk fnsgoutkim)
h   Hoygk..........
h   Hoygk..........
h   Hoygk..........
2 Pgrditnim 7 Lnmti kangm umtuk lgluain firn imcki

??

 
 fim 900 kglufnim fnkurimcn 3 silpin 7
kiakuaisn kian/tnmckit.
h   >2
h   45
h   3>
h   3?
h   57
6 Lgmcnmcit 2 Lnmti kangm umtuk lgmcuaimcn kgtnci
hoygk pifi Mh.? (rgcnstrisn) tifn. Onai
 ogmir, 9 phnmt umtuk lisnmc-lisnmc
hoygk.
7 Oidisi > Vumjukkim pifi kangm suitu ogmfi fim
timyikim milimyi pifi kangm.
h   (lnsia jil timcim)
h   (lnsia pgmsna)
Lnmti kangm umtuk lgmcuaimc kiti
 ogrnkut : “tik ifi jnki, fim, itiu, tgtipn:.
Onai ogmir, mnain situ phnmt.
h   Pgrmyitiim ogmir ? ouid: tik if,
tgtipn.
Lnmti kangm umtuk lgmcnkutn pgrnmtid
 ogrnkut yimc tgrfnrn firn 2 aimckid :
“Ilona kgrtis fn timcim Imfi, anpit fui
fim tirud fn aimtin“.
h   Ilona kgrtis fn timcim Imfi
h   Anpit fui
h   Virud fn aimtin
Pgrnmtidkim pifi kangm umtuk dia ogrnkut
(onai iktnvntis sgsuin pgrnmtid mnain 9
 phnmt)
h   “Vutup liti Imfi“
Pgrnmtidkim pifi kangm umtuk lgmuans
situ kianlit fim lgmyianm ciloir.
h   Vuans situ kianlit
h   Lgmyianm ciloir 

?2

 
 VHVIA
 MNAIN

Nmtgrprgtisn disna :
=?2 : Ispgk
Ispgk khcmnt
khcmntne
ne firn
firn eumcsn
eumcsn lgm
lgmtia
tia oink 
oink 
94 - ?? : Kgrusikim
Kgrusikim ispgk eumcsn
eumcsn lgmtia
lgmtia rnmcim
rnmcim
≦ 93 : Vgrfip
Vgrfipit
it kgrusi
kgrusikim
kim ispgk
ispgk eumcsn
eumcsn lgm
lgmtia
tia ogrit.
ogrit.
7.   Pgmckijnim Kgsgnloimcim
Pgmck
Pgmckijni
ijnim
m kgsgnl
kgsgnloim
oimcim
cim fnmnai
fnmnainn firn
firn fui khlph
khlphmgm
mgm utili
utili fiail
fiail
 ogrcgrik, firn kgfui khlphmgm tgrsgout
t grsgout fnoicn fiail ogogripi cgrikim
yimc pgrau fnhosgrvisn hagd pgriwit. Kgfui khlphmgm tgrsgout ifiaid:
-   Pgruoidim phsnsn itiu cgrikim kgsgnloimcim
Ogrn mnain 0 jnki kangm tnfik lgmumjukkim
lgmumjukkim khmfnsn
khmfnsn fn oiwid nmn :
   Oimcum firn tglpit tnfur (fnlisukkim
(fnlisukkim fiail
fiail imiansns)
Vnfik
Vnfik oimcum
oimcum firn tglpit
tglpit tnfur
tnfur fgmcim
fgmcim sgkian
sgkian cgrikim
cgrikim,, ikim
ikim
tgt
tgtipn
ipn usnai
usnai lgmfhr
lgmfhrhmc
hmc tuoudm
tuoudmyi
yi kg itis fgmcim
fgmcim timcim
timcim itiu
 ogrcgrik kg oicnim fgpim kursn tgragond fiduau, tnfik stiona pifi
siit ogrfnrn pgrtili kian.
   Fufuk kg kursn
kursn (fnlisukkim fiail imiansns)
Lgmjitudkim fnrn kg kursn, tnfik fufuk fn tgmcid kursn
Kgt : kursn dirus yimc kgris timpi agmcim
   Lgmid
Lgmidim
im fhrh
fhrhmc
mcim
im pifi
pifi stgrm
stgrmul
ul (Pgl
(Pglgr
grnk
nksi
si lgmf
lgmfhr
hrhm
hmc
c
stgrmul sgoimyik 2 kian fgmcim ditn-ditn)
Kangm lgmccgrikkim kikn, lglgcimcm hoygk umtuk fukumcim,
kikn tnfik lgmygmtud snsn-snsnmyi.
   Liti tgrtutup
Aikuk
Aikukim
im pglgrn
pglgrnksi
ksiim
im sili
sili sgpgrt
sgpgrtnn fn itis
itis tipn
tipn kangm
kangm fnsurud
fnsurud
lgmutup liti
   Pgrputirim agdgr 
Lgmccgrikkim kikn, lgmccgmccil hojgk umtuk fukumcim kikn:
Kgaudim vgrtnch, pusnmc itiu kgifiim tnfik stiona

?6

 
    Cgrikim lgmccipin sgsuitu
Vnfi
Vnfik
k lilp
lilpu
u umtu
umtuk
k lgmc
lgmcci
cipi
pinn sgsu
sgsuitu
itu fgmc
fgmcim
im oidu
oidu eagks
eagksnn

sgpgmudmy
sgpgmu dmyii sglgmti
sglgmtiri
ri ogrfnr
ogrfnrnn pif
pifii ujumc
ujumc jirn-jir
jirn-jirnn kikn,
kikn, tnfik 
tnfik 
stiona lglgcimc sgsuitu umtuk fukumcim.
   Lgloumckuk 
Vnfik lilpu lgloumckus umtuk lgmcilona hojgk-hojgk kgbna
(lns
(lnsiam
iamyi
yi puap
puapgm
gm)) firn
firn aimtin
aimtin,, lg
lglg
lgci
cimc
mc hojgk
hojgk umtu
umtuk
k onsi
onsi
 ogrfnrn aicn, fim lglgraukim usidi-usidi yimc kgris umtuk 
 oimcum.
-   Khlphmgm ciyi ogrjiaim itiu pgrcgrikim
Ogrn mnain 0 jnki kangm tnfik lgmumjukkim khmfnsn fn oiwid nmn, itiu

 ogrn mnain 9 jnki kangm lgmumjukkim siaid situ firn khmfnsn fn oiwid
nmn:
   Lnmti kangm umtuk ogrjiaim kg tglpit yimc fntgmtukim
fntgmtukim
_icu-ricu, tgrsimfumc, lglgcimc hojgk umtuk fukumcim
   Kgtnmccnim aimckid
aimckid kikn (lgmcimckit kikn
kikn siit lgaimckid)
lgaimckid)
Kiknn tnfik
Kik tnfik mink
mink firn
firn aimtin
aimtin sgbiri
sgbiri khmsnst
khmsnstgm
gm (lgmcc
(lgmccgsgr
gsgr itiu
itiu
lgmygrgt kikn), lgmcimckit kikn tgraiau tnmccn (= 7 bl)
   Khmtnmuntis
Khmtnmuntis aimckid
aimckid kikn (agond oink fnhosgrvisn
fnhosgrvisn firn silpnmc
kangm)

Rgtgaid aimckid-aimckid iwia lgmjifn tnfik khmsnstgm, lgluain

lgmc
lg mcimc
imcki
kitt si
situ
tu kikn
kikn sg
sglg
lgmt
mtir
irii kikn
kikn yimc ainm
ainm lgmy
lgmygmt
gmtud
ud
aimtin
   Kgsnlgtrnsim aimckid (agond oink fnhosgrvisn firn silpnmc kangm)
Vnfik ogrjiaim fiail cirns aurus, ogrcgahloimc firn snsn kg snsn.
   Pgmynlpimc
Pgmynlpimcim
im jiaur pifi
pifi siit ogrjiaim
ogrjiaim (agond
(agond oink fnhosgrv
fnhosgrvisn
isn
firn silpnmc knrn kangm)
Vnfik ogrjiaim
ogrjiaim fiail cirns aurus, ogrcgahloimc
ogrcgahloimc firn snsn kg snsn
   Ogroiank 

?7

 
 Ogr
grd
dgmtn
gmtn sg
sgog
ogau
aul
l luai
luainn og
ogro
roia
iank
nk,, jiai
jiaim
m sg
sglp
lph
hyhm
hmc
cim,
im,
 ogrchyimc, lglgcimc hojgk umtuk fukumcim.

Nmtgrprgtisn Disna:
Jul
Julaidkim sglui mnai
ainn yim
imc
c fnpg
npgrhagd kangm
ngm, kglufnim
nim
nmtgrprgtisnkim sgoicin ogrnkut:
0‒7 _gsnkh
_gsnkh jitud
jitud rgmfid
rgmfid
5 ‒ 90 _gsnkh jitud sgfimc
sgfimc
99-97 _gsnkh jitud tnmccn
tnmccn
5.   Pgmckijnim Khmfnsn Fgprgsn
NMUGMVI_NR FGP_GRN OGBK 
Pgtumjuk :

Oibi sgaurud
Oibi sgaurud kgahlp
kgahlphk
hk pgrtim
pgrtimyii
yiim,
m, kglufn
kglufnim
im pnand
pnand situ pgr
pgrmy
myitiim
itiim
fiail
fiail kgah
kgahlp
lphk
hk tg
tgrsg
rsgou
outt sg
sgsu
suin
in yimc fnri
fnrisi
siki
kim.
m. ^ikn
^iknmk
mkim
im umtu
umtuk 
k 
lgloibi sglui pgrtimyiim pifi sgtnip kgahlphk sgogaul lglouit
 pnandim.
Ispgk yimc fntimyikim Rkhrg
I. Kgsgfndim
- Riyi simcit sgfnd itiu tnfik oidicni fnlimi 2
siyii tik fipit
siy fipit lgmcd
lgmcdifip
ifipnmy
nmyii ?
- Riyi ciaiu itiu sgfnd sgpimjimc wiktu fim 9

siyi tnfik fipit kgauir firnmyi 0

- Riyi lgrisi sgfnd fim ciaiu
- Riyi tnfik lgrisi sgfnd
O. Pgsnlnslg
- Riyi lgrisi lisi fgpim ifiaid sni-sni fim 2
tnfik fipit lgloiank  ?
- Riyi lgrisi tnfik lglnankn ipi-ipi umtuk  9
lglimfimc
lglimfimc kg fgpim 0
- Riyi lgrisi kgbna ditn lgmcgmin lisi fgpim

?5

 
 - Riyi tnfik ogcntu pgsnlns
pgsnlns itiu kgbna ditn
tgmtimc lisi fgpim

B. _isi kgciciaim
- Riyi lgrisi ogmir-ogmir cicia sgoicin 2
hrimctui, suiln/nstrn ?
- Rgpgrtn lgandit kg ogaikimc, sglui yimc 9
siyi andit dimyi kgciciaim 0
- Riyi lgrisi tgaid cicia lgagondn hrimc pifi
ululmyi
- Riyi tnfik lgrisi cicia
F. Kgtnfikpuisim

- Riyi tnfik puis fgmcim sgciaimyi 2

- Riyi tnfik aicn lgmfipitkim kgpuisim firn ?
ipipum 9
- Riyi tnfik lgmyukin biri yimc siyi 0
cumikim
- Riyi tnfik lgrisi tnfik puis
G. _isi Ogrsiaid
Ogrsiaid
- Riyi lgrisi sghaid-haid siyi simcit ouruk  2
itiu tik ogrdirci ?

- Riyi lgrisi simcit ogrsiaid 9

- Riyi lgrisi ouruk itiu tik ogrdirci sgoicin 0
 oicnim firn yimc oink 
- Riyi tnfik lgrisi ogmir-ogmir ogrsiaid
E. Vnfik lgmyukin fnrn sgmfnrn
- Riyi ogmbn fnrn siyi sgmfnrn 2
- Riyi luik fgmcim
fgmcim fnrn siyi sgmfnrn ?
- Riyi tnfik suki fgmcim fnrn siyi sgmfnrn 9
- Riyi tnfik lgrisi kgbgwi fgmcim fnrn 0

?3

 
 sgmfnrn
C. Lgloidiyikim Fnrn Rgmfnrn

- Riyi ikim lgloumud fnrn sgmfnrn jnki ifi 2

kgsglpitim ?
- Riyi lglpumyin rgmbimi pistn tgmtimc 9
tujuim oumud fnrn 0
- Riyi lgrisi agond oink litn
- Riyi tnfik pumyi pnknrim lgmcgmin
lgloidiyikim fnrn sgmfnrn
D. Lgmirnk Fnrn fim Rhsnia
- Riyi tgaid kgdnaimcim sglui lnmit pifi

hrimc ainm fim tnfik pgfuan pifi 2

lgrgki sglui.
- Riyi tgaid kgdnaimcim sglui lnmit pifi
?
hrimc ainm fim lglpumyin sgfnknt
 pgrisiim pifi lgrgki
9
- Riyi kurimc ogrlnmit pifi hrimc ainm
0
firnpifi sgogaulmyi
- Riyi tnfik kgdnaimcim lnmit pifi hrimc ainm
N. Kgricu-ricuim

- Riyi tnfik fipit lglouit kgputusim sili 2

sgkian ?
- Riyi lglpumyin oimyik kgsuantim fiail 9
lglouit kgputusim 0
- Riyi ogrusidi lgmcilona kgputusim
- Riyi lglouit kgputusim yimc oink 
J. Pgruoidim Ciloirim Fnrn
- Riyi lgrisi oidwi siyi jgagk itiu tilpik  2
lgmjnjnkim ?

?4

 
 - Riyi lgrisi ifi pgruoidim-pgruoidim yimc
 pgrlimgm fiail dnfup siyi fim 9

nmn lglouit siyi tnfik lgmirnk  0

- Riyi kdiwitnr
kdiwitnr oidwi siyi tilpik tui itiu
tnfik lgmirnk 
- Riyi tnfik lgrisi tilpik agond ouruk 
firnpifi sgogaulmyi
K. Kgsuantim Kgrji
- Riyi tnfik lgaikukim pgkgrjiim sili sgkian 2
- Riyi tgaid lgmfhrhmc kgris fnrn siyi umtuk  ?
lgaikukim sgsuitu 9

- Riyi lglgraukim upiyi tiloidim umtuk  0

luain lgaikukim sgsuitu
- Riyi fipit ogkgrji sgoink sgogaulmyi
A. Kgagtndim
- Riyi simcit agaid umtuk lgaikukim sgsuitu 2
- Riyi agaid umtuk lgaikukim sgsuitu ?
- Riyi agaid agond firn yimc onisimyi 9
- Riyi tnfik agond agaid firn onisimyi 0
L. Imhrgksni

- Riyi tnfik aicn lglpumyin miesu likim 2

sili sgkian ?
- Miesu likim siyi sgkirimc simcit
simcit 9
lglouruk  0
- Miesu likim siyi tnfik sgoink sgogaulmyi
- Miesu likim siyi tnfik ouruk firn
sgogaulmyi
Pgmnainim :
0‒6 : Fgpr
Fgprgsn
gsn tnfik
tnfik ip
ipii it
itiu
iu lnmn
lnmnli
liaa

7‒3 : Fgprg
gprgsn
sn rn
rnm
mcim

?>

 
 4 ‒ 97 : Fgpr
Fgprgsn
gsn sgfim
sgfimc
c
= 95 : Fgprgs
gsnn ogrit

4. Pgmckijn
Pgmckijnim
im Rhsnia
Rhsnia
Duou
Duoumc
mcim
im aimsni
aimsni fgmc
fgmcim
im kgau
kgauir
irci
ci lglg
lglgri
rimk
mkim
im pgri
pgrim
m sgmt
sgmtri
riaa pifi
pifi
sgaurud
sgaurud tnmck
tnmckit
it kgsgdit
kgsgditim
im fim kgsgji
kgsgjidtgr
dtgriim
iim aimsni.
aimsni. Pgmck
Pgmckijni
ijnim
m ispgk 
ispgk 
snstgl shsnia nmn fipit lgmcdisnakim nmehrlisn pgmtnmc umtuk lglogrn
ciloirim
ciloirim fukumcim
fukumcim kgauirci tgrdifip aimsni. Ruitu iait skrnmnmc
skrnmnmc snmckit
yimc
yimc fipi
fipitt fn
fncu
cumi
miki
kim
m umtu
umtuk
k lgmc
lgmcki
kijn
jn eumc
eumcsn
sn shsni
shsniaa aim
aimsni
sni if
ifiai
iaid
d
IPCI
IPCI_
_ Kgau
Kgauir
irci
ci (R
(Rln
lnak
akst
stgn
gnm
m gt ia,
ia, 9>4?
9>4? fiai
fiail
l augb
augbkg
kgmh
mhttg
ttg,, 9>>4
9>>4))
lganput
lganputnn ifipiti
ifipitisn
sn ( Ifiptitnhm
 Ifiptitnhm),
), duoumc
duoumcim
im ( Pirtmgrsdnp
 Pirtmgrsdnp),
), pgrtuloud
pgrtuloudim
im
(Crhwtd
Crhwtd),
), iegksn ( Ieegbtnhm
( Ieegbtnhm)) fim pglgbidim ( _gshavg
 _gshavg).
).
IPCI_ Kgauirci
Khlphmgm Rkhrg
I   Ifiptitnhm (ifiptisn)
Riyi puis oidwi si
siy
yi fipit ? : Rgaiau
kglo
kgloia
iann pifi
pifi kgau
kgauir
irci
ci (tgli
(tglim-
m- 9 : Kifi
Kifimc
mc--
tglim) siyi umtuk lgloimtu pifi kifimc
wiktu sgsuitu lgmyusidkim siyi 0 : Vnfik  
 pgrmid

P   Pirtmgrsdnp (duoumcim)
Riyi
Riyi puis
puis fgmc
fgmcim
im bi
biri
ri kgau
kgauirci ? : Rgaiau
irci
(tglim-tglim) siyi 9 : Kifi
Kifimc
mc--
lglo
lglonb
nbir
irik
ikim
im sg
sgsu
suit
itu
u fg
fgmcim kifimc
mcim
siyi fim lgmcumckipkim lisiaid 0 : Vnfik  
fgmcim siyi  pgrmid
C   Crhwtd (pgrtuloudim)
Riyi puis oidwi kgauirci
kgauirci (tglim-
(tglim- ? : Rgaiau
tglim) siyi lgmgrnli fim 9 : Kifi
Kifimc
mc--

20

 
 lgmfukumc
lgmfukumc kgnmcnmim siyi umtuk  kifimc
lgaikukim iktnvntis itiu irid oiru 0 : Vnfik  

 pgrmid
I   Ieegbtnnhm (iegksn)
Riyi
Riyi puis
puis fgmc
fgmcim
im bi
biri
ri kgau
kgauir
irci
ci ? : Rgaiau
(tglim-tglim) siyi 9 : Kifi
Kifimc
mc--
lgmcgksprgsnkim iegk fim kifimc
 ogrgsphms tgrdifip glhsn siyi 0 : Vnfik  
sgpgrtn lirid, sgfnd itiu  pgrmid
lgmbnmtin
O   _gshavg (pglgbidim)

Riyi puis fgmcim kgauirci ? : Rgaiau

(tglim-tglim
(tglim-tglim)) siyi lgmygfnikim
lgmygfnikim 9 : Kifi
Kifimc
mc--
wiktu ogrsili-sili. kifimc
0 : Vnfik  
 pgrmid
Pgmnainim :
12 : fnseumcsn kgauirci simcit tnmccn
6‒5 : fnseumcsn kgauirci sgfimc
3 ‒ 90 : fn
fnse
seum
umcs
csnn kgau
kgauir
irci
ci rnmci
rnmcim
m itiu
itiu tnfi
tnfik
k fnse
fnseum
umcs
csnn kgau
kgauir
irci
ci

29

 
 Imiansi Fiti
Mh Fiti Lisiaid Gtnhahcn
9.
  Fs : - Diloitim Pgruoidim
Fh : khlumnkisn snstgl sirie 
∟   My. F pgrmid
pgrmid lgmciailn
lgmciailn vgroia  pusit
strhkg 9 tidum yimc aiau
∟   My
My.. F on
onbi
biri
ri my
myii tn
tnfi
fik 
k 
 jgais, pgah fim suant
lgmc
lgmcgk
gksp
sprg
rgsn
snki
kim
m ki
kiti
ti
sgbiri vgroia
∟   Ki
Kitz
tz nm
nmfg
fgk
k : ci
cimc
mccu
cuim
im
eumcsnhmia sgoicnim.
∟   Oirtdga nmfgk :
kgtgrcimtumcim sgoicnim.
∟   Kangm suant fnijik  
 ogrkhlumnkisn, kangm
bg
bgmf
mfgru
grumc
mc tnfik
tnfik pgrm
pgrmid
id
iktne ogrnmtgriksn
ogrnmtgriksn fgmcim
fgmcim
aimsni ainm. Riit
 ogrkhlumnkisn pum kangm
lgrisi liau fim
tg
tgrk
rkif
ifim
imc
c pgrk
pgrkiti
itiim
imyi
yi
tnfik fnlgmcgrtn.
∟   khlumnkisn: ni suant
fn
fnij
ijik
ik og
ogrk
rkhl
hlum
umnk
nkis
isnn
ha
hagd
gd imik
imik im
imik
ikmy
myii fi
fim
m
tg
tgti
timc
mcci
cimy
myii fn sg
sgkn
knti
tir 
r 
rulid. Riit
 ogrkhlumnkisn pum kangm

2?

 
 lgrisi liau fim
tg
tgrk
rkif
ifim
imc
c pgrk
pgrkiti
itiim
imyi
yi
tnfik fnlgmcgrtn.
?.   Fs : - Diloitim Pgruoidim
Fh : lhonantis ensnk  snstgl sirie 
∟   My. F pgrmid
pgrmid lgmciailn
lgmciailn  pusit
strhkg 9 tidum yimc aiau
∟   Vu
Vuou
oud
d kn
knrn
rn My. F tn
tnfi
fik 
k 
 onsi fncgrikim mhrlia,
sgdnmcci iktnvntis sgdirn-
dirn tgroitis
2.
  Fs : - _gsnkh kgsgpnim Krnsns
Fh : sntuisnhmia
∟   Kan
Kangm
gm ifia
ifiaid
id sg
sghr
hrim
imc
c
 jimfi yimc fntnmcciakim
suilnmyi lgmnm
nmc
ccia
 ogogripi tidum yimc aiau
∟   Kan
Kanggm tnmccia sg
sgm
mfnrn
fn
fnru
ruli
lidm
dmyi
yi fi
fim
m imik
imik--
imikmyi dimyi
lgmcumjumcnmyi ?
lnmccu sgkian

2.?. Fnicmhsi Kgpgriwitim

9. Diloitim
Diloitim khlumnkisn
khlumnkisn vgroia o.f pgruoidim
pgruoidim snstgl sirie pusit
?. Diloitim
Diloitim lhonantis
lhonantis ensnk o.f pgruoidim snstgl sirie pusit
2. _gsnkh kgsgpnim
kgsgpnim o.f krnsns
krnsns sntuisnhmia
sntuisnhmia

22

 
 2.2. Nmtgrvgmsn Kgpgriwitim
Vujuim fim Krntgrni
FT Nmtgrvgmsn _isnhmia
Disna
9. MHB  MNB 9. icir
icir lg
lglu
lufid
fid kim
kim kan
kangm
gm
∟   Rgmshry 9. Bhll
Bhllum
umnb
nbit
itnh
nhm
m  ogrkhlumnkisn
 ogrkhlumnkisn
eumcsnhmia: dgirnmc Gmdimbglgmt ?. umtuk
umtuk lg
lglht
lhtnvi
nvisn
sn kangm
kangm
imf vnsnhm ?. Cumik
umikiim icir fipit ogrshsniansisn
∟   Egir sgae bhmtrha  pgmgrjglid
 pgmgrjglid jnki fim lilpu
∟   Rgtgaid fnaikukim fnpgraukim  ogrkhlumnkisn
 ogrkhlumnkisn fgmcim
tnmfikim sgaili 2x 2. Fhrh
Fhrhmc
mc kang
kangm
m  oink 
?6 jil kangm fipit umtuk  2. umtuk
umtuk lg
lgluf
lufidk
idkim
im
 ogrkhlumnkisn  ogrkhlumnkisn
 ogrkhlumnkisn khlumnkisn imtir fui
sgbiri pgraidim irid
fgmcim krntgrni
disna: fim umtuk  6. icir
icir kan
kangm
gm lgris
lgrisiki
ikim
m
∟   Khlumnkisn: lgmcurimcn fndircin fgmcim
 pgmgrnlii,  pgrlnmtiim kglilpuimmyi
nmtgrprgtisn fim 6. Cumi
Cumiki
kim
m kirtu
kirtu
gksprgsn pgsim  oibi, kgrtis,
ansim, tuansim, fim  pgmsna, oidisi
mhm vgroia tuoud, ciloir,
lgmnmckit fietir khsikiti,
∟   Cgrikim bhlputgr fim

tgrkhhrfnmisn: ainm-ainm umtuk 

lilpu lgleisnantisn
lgmckhhrfnimsnkim khlumnkisn fui
cgrikim fgmcim irid yimc hptnlia
lgmccumikim 7. Og
Ogrn
rn im
imju
juri
rim
m
nsyirit kgpifi kangm itiu
∟   Lilpu kgauirci tgmtimc
lglimijglgm  pgmccumiim iait
kglilpuim ensnk   oimtu onbiri
yimc fnlnankn 5. Og
Ogrn
rnki
kim
m pujn
pujnim
im

26

 
 ∟   Lilpu  phsntne onai
lgmckhlumnkisnki fnpgraukim
m kgoutudim 3. Imju
Imjurk
rkim
im
fgmcim anmckumcim kgauirci fim
shsnia hrimc tgrfgkit
sgbiri tgritur 
lglogrnn stnluaus
lglogr
khlumnkisn

?. Rg
Rgtg
tgai
aid
d fn
fnog
ogrn
rnki
kim
m Gxgrbnsg tdgripy : 9. lgmcg
lgmcgtid
tidun
un kgifi
kgifiim
im
tnmfikim kgpgriwitim
kgpgriwitim ilouaitnhm mhrlia kangm
fndiripkim iktnvntis 2. Lhmnth
Lhmnthrnm
rnmc
c vnt
vntia
ia ?. umtuk
umtuk lg
lgaik
aikuki
ukim
m
ensnk kangm lgmnmckit sncm sgogaul itiu rgmbimi agond aimjut

Jhnmt Lhvglgmt : sgsufid aitndim 2. umtuk

umtuk lg
lgloi
loimtu
mtu kan
kangm
gm
Ibtnvg fim andit rgsphm fiail lhonansisn
Lhonanty agvga  pisngm siit aitndim 6. umtuk
umtuk lg
lgmcg
mcgtid
tidun
un
Rgae birg : IFAs 6. Khmsua
Khmsuatis
tisnk
nkim
im kglilpuim kangm fiail
Vrimsegr pgrehrli
pgrehrlimbg
mbg fgmcim tgripn ensnk  lhonansisn
Krntgrni Disna : tgmtimc rgmbimi 7. umtuk
umtuk lg
lgait
aitnd
nd kangm
kangm icir 
icir 
∟   Kangm lgmnmckit ilouaisn sgsuin fipit lglgmudn
fiail iktnvntis fgmcim kgoutudim kgoutudim ifas fgmcim
ensnk  7. Oimtu
Oimtu kan
kangm
gm umtuk 
umtuk  limfnrn
∟   Lgmcgrtn tujuim lgmccumikim
firn pgmnmckitim thmckit siit
lhonantis  ogrjiaim fim bgcid
∟   Lglogrviansisnkim tgrdifip bgfgri
 pgrisiim fiail 5. Ijirk
Ijirkim
im pisngm
pisngm
 pgmnmckitim itiu tgmici
kgkuitim fim kgsgditim ainm
kgllipuim tgmtimc tgkmnk 
 ogrpnmfid ilouaisn.
∟   lglpgricikim 3. Kijn
Kijn kg
kgli
lilp
lpuim
uim

27

 
  pgmccumiim ikit  pisngm fiail
∟   Oimtu umtuk  lhonansisn
lhonansisn 4. Aitndi
Aitndim
m pisngm
pisngm
fiail pglgmudim
kgoutudim ifas
sgbiri limfnrn
sgsuin kglilpuim
>. Filpn
Filpnmcn
mcn fim
 oimtu pisngm siit
lhonansisn fim
 oimtu pgmudn
kgoutudim ifas
90. Ogrnkim iait oimtu
 jnki kangm
lglgraukim
lglgraukim -
Ijirkim pisngm
 oicinlimi
lgruoid phsnsn
fim ogrnkim
 oimtuim jnki
fnpgraukim
2. Rg
Rgtg
tgai
aid
d fn
fnai
aiku
kuki
kim
m 9. Nfgmtn
Nfgmtnenk
enkisn
isn fim 9. Lglo
Lgloim
imtu
tu

nmtgrvgmsn kgpgriwitim
kgpgriwitim sgsuinkim snkip lgmygsuinkim fnrn
lgmygsuinkim
sgaili 2Ó?6 jil fnrn tgrdifip fgmcim anmckumcim.
fndiripkim kangm fipit : khmfnsn fim ?. Lglo
Lgloim
imtu
tu..
∟   kangm fipit sntuisn kangm lgmcnfgmtnenkisn
lgmcitikim
lgmcitikim rgsphm ?. Nfgm
Nfgmtn
tnen
enki
kisn
sn  pgrisiim yimc fnrisikim.
kgsgpnim  pgrisiim prnoifn 2. Lglo
Lglogr
grnk
nkim
im
∟   kangm tneik  yimc fntnlouakim kgmyilimim
kgmyilimim umtuk 
lgmumjukkim hagd pisngm yimc  pisngm.
rgsphm kgsgpnim fipit 6. Lglo
Lgloim
imtu
tu umtu
umtuk 
k 
∟   kangm tnfik  lgmccimccu kgmyilimim
kgmyilimim siit

25

 
 lgmciailn gegktnvntis  ogrtimyi.
kgsuantim fiail nmtgriksn 7. Lglo
Lgloim
imtu
tu
khmtik fgmcim tgripgutnk  lgmuloudkim
lgmuloudkim risi
hrimc ainm. 2. Og
Ogrn
rnki
kim
m kang
kangm
m  pgrbiyi yimc oink.
kgmyilimim
kgmyilimim ensnk  5. Lgloi
Lgloimtu
mtu umt
umtuk
uk fip
fipit
it
sgogaul lgmcurimcnn diloitim
lgmcurimc
 ogrnmtgriksn siit ogrnmtgriksn.
6. Fnsk
Fnskus
usnk
nkim
im
kgridisniim
nmehrlisn
 ogrsili kangm
7. Bnptik
Bnptikim
im suisim
suisim
dimcit fim
 pgmgrnliim
 pgmgrnliim
fiail
khlumnkisn
5. ^iknm
^iknmkim
kim kgpif
kgpifii
kangm oidwi knti
tgrtirnk fgmcim
kangm sgbiri
 prnoifn
3. Cumik
umikiim
khlumnkisn
tgrouki yimc
fipit
lgmcumckipkim
fnrn
4. Kumjum
Kumjumcn
cn kgloi
kgloian
an
kangm pifi wiktu
yimc tgaid
fnsgpikitn umtuk 
lgmuloudkim

23

 
 kgpgrbiyiim
>. Lnmt
Lnmtii ka
kang
ngm
m
lgmccumikim
 oidisi tuoud
yimc
lgmumjukkim
kgtgroukiim

24

 
 OIO NU
PGMWVWP

2.9. Kgsnlpuaim
Aimsni
Aimsni ifiaid
ifiaid pgrnhf
pgrnhfgg fnlimi
fnlimi hrcimn
hrcimnslg
slg tgaid
tgaid lgmbip
lgmbipin
in kglisi
kglisikim
kim
fiail
fiail uk
ukuri
urim
m fim eumcsn
eumcsn fim juci
juci tgaid
tgaid lgmumj
lgmumjukk
ukkim
im kglumf
kglumfuri
urim
m sgjiaim
sgjiaim
fgmcim wiktu. Ifi ogogripi pgmfipit lgmcgmin ‑usni kglumfurim“ yintu ifi
yimc lgmgtipkim 50 tidum, 57 tidum fim 30 tidum.
Khlu
Khlum
mnk
nkis
isnn fgmc
gmcim ai
aim
msn
snii di
diru
russ lglp
lglpgr
grd
ditnk
itnkim
im ei
eikt
kth
hr ensn
ensnk
k,
 psnkhahcn, (anmckumcim fiail sntuisn nmfnvnfu dirus lgmcipankisnkim
kgtr
kgtril
ilpn
pnai
aim
m kh
khlu
lumn
mnki
kisn
sn yim
imc
c tg
tgpi
pit.
t. fnsi
fnsilp
lpnm
nmc
c ntu
ntu juc
juci lglg
lglgra
rauk
ukim
im
 pglnknrim pgmud sgrti lglpgrditnkim wiktu yimc tgpit. Pgmcchahmcim aimsni
lgmurut Fgpkgs fnkutnp firn Izns (9>>6)

2.?. Ririm
Fglnknim yimc fipit kiln pipirkim lgmcgmin isudim kgpgriwitim aimsni
fgmcim
fgmcim lisiaid
lisiaid khlumn
khlumnkis
kisnn kgpgriw
kgpgriwitim
itim cgrhmt
cgrhmtnk.
nk. Kil
Kilnn ogrdir
ogrdirip
ip piri
piri
 pgloibi fipit lglogrnkim krntnk fim sirim yimc lgloimcum. Rglhci
likiaid nmn ogrcumi oicn pgmuans kdususmyi juci piri pgloibi

2>

 
 FIEVI_ PWRVIKI

 Mucrhdh, Sidyufn. ?000. Kgpgriwitim Cgrhmtnk Gf: ?. GCB. Jikirti

Rgtnioufdn, Vhmy fim Dirfywnmhth. ?007. Pimfuim Cgrhmthahcn: Vnmjiuim firn
Ogroicin Ispgk. Crilgfni Pustiki Wtili. Jikirti.
Rtimagy, Lnbkgy fim pitrnbni ciumtagt ogirg. ?005. Ouku ijir kgpgrwitim cgrhmtnk.
gfnsn NN. Jikirti:
Jikirti: GCB.

60