Humon An adomyPhysiology Unit-1 BPIoT

ER20-14T

ranAg Agro Cal Membrgna Dr. Parjanga Shukla

Th transport o materials acroAMi plasma Dr. M.P. 8ngh Clases

membronu Manial to tk ifa aq cell.

om Aubstanus muat movs î'nto Okur Aubstonus thar

a tul to Auppont matabo.ic Toduud by ull export Ou
HLocHon o ull
Substanc gnarally movs acobs csllulor membronus by
tronsportþros
Claiad as pasive or achve
dapanding whether tKey aquir Callilor enargy.
4) Pamivg rou In pasive þrouwo
io OT molsculs moves down its comunhraion or eluchtal
ra dient (moving vom highar cOe ugion to Jowar conc. ugion)

by wsing on.y ith own kinehic enargy (anargy of mohon)

x Thra is no
inpu oenergy rom tki call
a) Simbl Diuaion
imlu diluion is o paniva prouM in which
Substanub mova rely througb K pid bilayT o
blasma membrans o i s wrhout Ki
Ralp omom.brone tronsport protins
Non-poloyhydropho.bic molulus mov ocrOm Ke bbid bilayer
Krougb nouM impls dillsio
 Thu moluculus bku oxyqen, corbon dioxids, and
nirogen qas otty auds, sBsroids , and Dr. Parjanga Shukla

d asolubl vitomHs (A, D, E and K Dr.M.P.Singh Aases

xSimplu dilwion i importantin

movement o O2 and Co2 b/w movement q01 and CO2 b/w
blood and body cul. blood and ar in ungs
N

duung buahung
ocilbtotad Difusion
Th oluhas hal or too polar highly chargad
ov
Can not move Krougb þlasma mambranu y simpl dillusion.

Kay Con crOAA Ki pla»ma membron by a paiva dillusion

Callud doubtated dillumion.

x In is prous o spe uiit Substanu croAA Ki mambrone

by
by an inteqral protun
thaintaqral proten con bu eikr o manbran channel or
CaYTIAY

> Channe)- Madiulad faultatad Dilluwion-

Tn is soluti mova dowo comunbabm qradient
aCTOAS tK ipid bilw through a mambranu channad.

Cach lons Con

dilui cnly aB Cavtain aita

In blasmo membronu most jon channuls arz Atlecdivg to

K Cpotahium ions) 0T (Chloridu iona)
ew ChannalS avs availablu oT Na (Sodium ions) or
Ca CCaluum lons)
Mora than a million kt can louw hrough K channal in s&tend

2
xA channel is said to gatad
Dr. Parjanya Shukla
&
whun port of t channe)rotøin act aulug or Dr. M.
tko
P. 8tngh Clases
gat ChongingAhabi on way to öpen þore
anotkr way to dose it
Channe
protain

Cae open Cats dosad.

Corsier Madiatad foultatadDision -
TRis diluion a cawier 0T troreporter ib ad
to mov as0luta down it cmunhahim qrodent
OCrOAA HR plasmo mambrona
xThAolub binds to a aprui caier on pnu Aid
iu o
mem branu nd itis ulhasld on omir sidu
aftaY Carrier undorgo0 change in shabe.

Thu b0lut binds more to tK carrier on hiah eomun rahon

sids o t mambranu
x Th numb1r o Carir availabl in o ploama numbranu
laus an upper imit calld transhor moximum Singh
Clucost trons poatar hratap

KlaosA lahtndro
By-Dr.

Clhuoka
Osmosis- UamoNis is o pauive prous in whih
solvent movA hrough o semipermaablu Dr. Parjanya Shukla
&
membranu. Dr. M. P. Stngh Clasee
xIn inng Aystem s0olvent is usakar

move by OsmoAis acro% plaumo membroru rom hia har water

Conuntrahm to lower waker conanhabim

x During Osmosi waker molaauls pou hrough plasmo mumbrons

in two ways

4. Moving hrough ipid bilayer by dimpls de{uion

Moving hrough aquapovins Intagral mombrane protuins

Kat wnchian
as wakar h onnad.
This pTouuw i cminues unH equi'ibium is oHa'ned and
dubends on 0smohc rusura.

OAmos18 OCCuTs ony wht a membronu peTm/abh to watr

but I hot permeabls to (rtain Aalutes

By-Dr. Mahundro PraBab Singh

2) Achiv hos Som þolo or charged salutes con not
CTOAS plasma membrani and tKey ned to
mova
Uphill aqa/nst thoir conunhahon gradients
Juch 80lutas may bi ablb to cioM Ks mem brons by
0 pTOs callid Ach ve Tronsport.
Achv ransporl is on ach've þrous bcaus enarqy ia
oqwTa d OY Corier broteins to move Aoluls aqa'nst
Q Conun hrahon ,qradiant.
Enngy
Engy obtanedom Hydrolysis oATP
Cnorgy torad in an lonic cmanbabon
grodient.
Soluds achvly tronsportad acrom h plasmo
mem.brant Incud AQVRYaJ ons ke Not
No*, Dr. Parjanya Shukla
&
K", H, Co2t, I and , amino auds, Dr. M. P. 8tngh Clasco
and monosacchandus
(6om o Kus1 aho CTOM by foubtabed d}luion whan propar
proten OT COYikTS OT prAant)

rimory Ackv Tropott

Tn primary achv transport enevgy devived om bydrolysis
primany
ATP Changas Re shabe o CQrierÞrotàn

Which umps a Bubatanu atcrO% a þlasma membran

aqainst it Conunahon gradient.

Cavria Toton hat mudiatt pumary achvs traspor asA

ten callud bumps.

A typical body cull expands about yo. of ATP it qenerahs

oh primary ochvi tronaport

i n u only ont solute i tronsported af a ime

Ki proun known as unibostar and duu to

diTed uhlizahon of ATP callud dirac acbva tromport
Exampl - odbum- htamiuro Pump

Call By-Dr.Mahundra fratab Singk.

Srcondory Achve Tronsport
Tn Icondany achve tronsport he energy storad in a Na
Or H conuntrahan,gradient is wed to dhive otkey
Subatonas aCTOS tK membranu against Kur own cOnanbahn
gradiena.
I n Kis ATP is uhilid indructhy so hu pro
% known indirtct achive Dr. Parjanya Shukla
a transport &
Dr. M.P. 3ingh Casses
I n this pros energy ruquirad or transporHng an ion is
also usad to ronpor onotkarTon

Such transpovt can occAYs in s0mu or opposits dirachon.

4 trans porter tronsport boh soluki 44franoporter tronsport bolh

in amu dratim callud Symportar &alurs in oppoalta direchum
callud. anh portar
alucose/N0t Symport
Hmno aud Nat Symport No/co ankport
NotH anh port.
Vesil Medialad Trons pon- By-Dr. Makun O
A Vaicd chro
is o
smallshhevial soc Praab
avOrichy oAubsBanus or tromportad in vesicus
Sing
Vesiclus transpor substanus om one shuckurs to ano Ker in all

also import matials Tom, and ultase mateials into

exho uldor cllwd.
N
*Durinq endocytosis > matana move into a call in o uesil
OYmad rom plasmo mambran.
Th Exocytoais malorial moVs ouw of o all in o vesjela
OYmad iDsids ul and us to plauma umbrona,
N

XBok endocyBonis and exocyfosis kegued enarqy Auphliod

by ATP So tranmport in VAsicl is on acbiva þrous.
Endocytoais- Heu thru hypus d ondo ytosis
Dr. Parjanya Shukla
&
Dr. M.P. 3ingh Clases
RrCeptoy-m dialsd Phagocyfosis Bulk-phakL
Endoytosis Endoayto.
Roubtor Madiabad Endocytonis-
d bighly, ba letbv tyh d endoeytbais by which alls taks uf
spauicigonds (igonds aremalbulu bint to apuiic auptor)

X
By ouptor -mudiaed endotytosis ulls taks up
cholusterol cmdaining low denuity Juipoproteins (LD1) , fronsfrin
(on iron frona porkng proten in Blood), Aomu vitamina, 0nbodias,
Bom hoTmon, eB.

xH vsicd is dormad aftar Ognizuy

ublorand
þrotain in plaana mambron
bind parhular bohe
in exro ullilor uwd.

tio PhogocyBoais t- (Call Eaking)

n His om oendouyosis ll enqulfs lovge solid
N
povh c
uch as wOrn -out ulls, whol badania, or visus

This prouus brought abouk by catain calls calhd phagocytus.

V
xl0o man types q phagotyhes are mocophages locaked in
>

many body HmuL

y-Dr Mobundra RraBobSinqh-| naurophilsa typu d wBC.
Phogocyfosis is a vital delansu mathanism kat kilb to
pTotac body rom distases
) Bulk--phass endotybsis 0 inocytosis
(C Drinking Dr. Parjanya Shukla
&
Dr. M.P. Singh Classe
xTn is dom endo aytosis
iny (Amal) droplebs o exho ulluor uid gr taken u

* No uctpror rotins 0r involvad

all s0luke diwoluad in &xhocalulo qhuid oT braught
Into Ki all

(IT Exo cy tosis-

Th tis rous matemals 0TA RCuted out of k cll
by
by ssCratory Vesicls ovmud wilhin tKi ull.

Durin His prouw

SsCretoy Vsiclus u s wih tKi blasma mumbronu and
uleard Kur Cotents into exho culular id.

By-Dr. Maherndro Pratap Singk