CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001 - 2 Design Criteria For Electrical Engineering

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Approval Status
Indicates no specific objections to the Indicates there are noted exceptions
A AC
document on the document
Received for information with
I Received for information IC
Comment
Indicates the document is deficient Indicates a different document
NA and corrections shall be made before SS replaces a previously submitted
work is to proceed document

PT BORNEO ALUMINA
 INDONESIA
1,000,000 TPA (EXPANDABLE) SMELTER GRADE

ALUMINA REFINERY MEMPAWAH PROJECT
CONTRACT NO :
PROJECT CODE:
DOC NO : CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001
ISSUED FOR DETAILED
PURPOSE :
DESIGN
CONSULTANT :
CONTRACTOR :
Consortium CHALIECO - PT PP (Persero) Tbk

REV. NO. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED
2 01/6/2021 IFDD ZHM SY LCH
B 13/7/2020 IFR ZHM SY LCH
A 20/2/2020 IFR ZHM SY LCH

PROJECT CODE :
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DOCUMENT NO : CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001

ELECTRICAL DATE : 01/09/2021
ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 2 / 44
REVISION CONTROL SHEET
REV.NO. DATE DESCRIPTION
A 20/2/2020 1st Issued
B 13/7/2020 Add Equipment parameters
B 13/7/2020 Modification process description
0 05/12/2020 Issued for detailed design
Add type of lightning protection materials (galvanized steel)
DISTRIBUTION ORDER
EXTERNAL ISSUE CHALIECO-INTERNAL ISSUE
PT BORNEO ALUMINA INDONESIA PROJECT MANAGER
PMC ENGINEERING MANAGER
CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
PROCUREMENT MANAGER
PROJECT CONTROL MANAGER
SHE MANAGER
QC MANAGER
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 3 / 44
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 7
2. Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 7
3. Reference ................................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Standards and Code ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Main Abbreviation and Definition ..................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Reference drawing/document........................................................................................................... 9
4. Environmental Condition ....................................................................................................................... 9

4.1 Indoors .............................................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Outdoor ............................................................................................................................................. 9
5. Design principles .................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 Power supply .................................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Voltage Level .................................................................................................................................. 10
5.3 Electrical system structure .............................................................................................................. 11
5.4 Stable Operation ............................................................................................................................. 11
6. Equipment Requirement....................................................................................................................... 12
6.1 Oil Immersed Power Transformer .................................................................................................. 12
6.2 Dry type transformer ....................................................................................................................... 12
6.3 Synchronous Generator ................................................................................................................. 13
6.4 Generator Bus Duct ........................................................................................................................ 14
6.5 High Voltage Switchgear ................................................................................................................ 14
6.6 Low Voltage Switchgear ................................................................................................................. 14
6.7 Motor ............................................................................................................................................... 15
6.8 Current limiting reactor ................................................................................................................... 15
6.9 UPS Power ..................................................................................................................................... 15
6.10 DC Power Systems ...................................................................................................................... 16
6.11 Low Voltage MCC (Motor Control Centre) ................................................................................... 16
6.12 Variable Frequency Drives ........................................................................................................... 16

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 4 / 44
6.13 Power Sockets in Buildings .......................................................................................................... 16
6.14 Sockets For Welding and Convenient Outlet ............................................................................... 17
6.15 Disconnecting Switch ................................................................................................................... 17
6.16 Local Control Panel ...................................................................................................................... 17
6.16.1 Button box ........................................................................................................................ 17
6.16.2 Push Button Assemblies .................................................................................................. 17
6.17 Outdoor Junction Boxes ............................................................................................................... 18
6.18 Package Equipment ..................................................................................................................... 18
6.19 Capacitor Banks ........................................................................................................................... 18
6.20 Hazardous area division and corresponding equipment selection ............................................... 18
7. Design Calculations and Studies ........................................................................................................ 20

8. Operational Modes ................................................................................................................................ 20
8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 20
8.2 Normal Mode .................................................................................................................................. 21
8.3 Maintenance Mode ......................................................................................................................... 21
8.4 Emergency Mode ........................................................................................................................... 21
8.5 Black start facility ............................................................................................................................ 22
8.6 Diesel generator ............................................................................................................................. 22
9. Power distribution and substations .................................................................................................... 23

9.1 Location .......................................................................................................................................... 23
9.2 Temperature of Substation ............................................................................................................. 23
9.3 Doors, Windows and Wall Penetrations ......................................................................................... 23
9.4 Building Sizing and Equipment Arrangement ................................................................................. 23
9.5 Warning Signs ................................................................................................................................ 24
10. Electrical control ................................................................................................................................. 24

10.1 Operation Mode ............................................................................................................................ 25
10.2 Motor Control ................................................................................................................................ 25
11. Protection configuration .................................................................................................................... 25

12. Metering and Measuring ..................................................................................................................... 27
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 5 / 44
13. Lighting ................................................................................................................................................ 28

13.1 Lighting Type ................................................................................................................................ 28
13.2 Selection of Lighting Sources and Lamps .................................................................................... 30
13.3 Illumination and Quality ................................................................................................................ 31
13.4 Lighting Distribution and Control .................................................................................................. 33
13.4.1 Lighting Distribution System ............................................................................................. 33
13.4.2 Lighting Control ................................................................................................................ 34
14. Cable..................................................................................................................................................... 34
14.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 34
14.2 Cable Type and Section Selection ............................................................................................... 35
14.2.1 Cable Conductor Material ................................................................................................. 35
14.2.2 Cable Insulation Level and Type ...................................................................................... 35
14.2.3 Cable Sheath Type ........................................................................................................... 36
14.2.4 Control Cable and Its Metal Shield ................................................................................... 36
14.2.5 Power Cable Section ........................................................................................................ 36
14.3 Selection and Configuration of Cable Accessories ..................................................................... 37
15. Cable laying ......................................................................................................................................... 37

15.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 37
15.2 Laying Method .............................................................................................................................. 38
15.2.1 Cable Tray Laying ............................................................................................................ 38
15.2.2 Direct Buried Laying ......................................................................................................... 38
15.2.3 Conduit Laying................................................................................................................. 39
15.2.4 Laying of Cable Structures ............................................................................................... 39
15.3 Cable Support and Fixing ............................................................................................................. 39
15.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 39
15.3.2 Cable Support and Cable Tray. ........................................................................................ 40
15.4 Fire Proof Sealing System For Cable ........................................................................................... 40
16. Grounding and Lightning Protection ................................................................................................ 41

16.1 Basic Design Condition ................................................................................................................ 41
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 6 / 44
16.2 Ground Network ........................................................................................................................... 42
16.3 Equipment Grounding Requirements ........................................................................................... 42
16.4 Grounding Electrode ..................................................................................................................... 43
16.5 Lightning Protection ...................................................................................................................... 43
17. SCADA SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................. 43

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 7 / 44
1. INTRODUCTION
The Project is designed with a capacity of 1,000 ktpa (expandable) located at Bukit Batu
Village, Sungai Kunyit District, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia and it will
be dedicated to fulfill the Owner's requirements in operation of an alumina refinery.
2. SCOPE
This document, in conjunction with the EPC contract requirement ,design standards and
engineering practices， provides the basis for the electrical engineering design. The design
criteria defined in this document shall be adhered to during the execution of the electrical
design and shall govern the production and contents of all project deliverables produced by
the electrical discipline.
3. REFERENCE
3.1 Standards and Code
This design references but is not limited to the following standards. The latest issues,
amendments, and supplements to these documents shall apply unless otherwise indicated.
Table 3-1: Standards and Code
Document Number Description
IEC 60034(series) Rotating Electrical Machines
IEC 60038 IEC standard voltages
IEC 60044(series) Instrument transformers
IEC 60076(series) Power transformers
IEC 60255 Measuring relays and protection devices
IEC 60287 Electrical Cables. Calculation of Current Ratings
IEC 60309(series) Socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes
IEC 60364-5-52 Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-52: Selection and

erection of electrical equipment – Wiring systems
IEC 60364-5-54 Electrical Installation of Buildings – Selection and erection of

electrical Equipment-Earthing arrangements and protective
conductors and protective bonding conductors
IEC 60502 Power Cables with Extruded Insulation and their Accessories for
rated Voltages from 1 kV up to 30 kV
IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60870-5-103 Telecontrol equipment and systems, Transmission protocols
IEC 60947(series) Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
IEC 61537 Cable Tray Systems and Cable Ladder Systems for Cable
Management
IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems in substations

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 8 / 44
Document Number Description
IEC 61869(series) Instrument transformers
IEC 62040(series) Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
IEC 62271(series) High-voltage switchgear and controlgear
IEC 62305(series) Protection against lightning
IEC 600871 Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated a rated
voltage above 1000V
IEC62305 Protection Against Lightning
IEC60289 Reactors
NFPA 20 Standard for the installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
CIE S 008/E 2001 Lighting of Indoor Work Places
CIE S 015/E 2005 Lighting of Outdoor Work Places
CIE S 020/E 2007 Emergency Lighting
3.2 Main Abbreviation and Definition
Table 3-2: Abbreviation and Definition
Abbreviation Definition
HV High Voltage above 1,000V
LV Low voltage equal or lower than 1,000V but higher than 50V.
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
Substation Transformer and Distribution(10/0.4kV)
MCC Low Voltage Motor Control Center
CCR Central Control Room
PT Voltage Transformer
LA Lightning Arrester
EDG Emergency diesel generator
CT Current Transformer
VFD Variable Frequency Drives
MOA Metal-Oxide Arrester

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 9 / 44
EMCS Electrical Control and Management System
3.3 Reference drawing/document

CAS1969-2G00-31-111-002 Technical Specification of Motors
CAS1969-2G00-05-124-001 Hazardous Area Classification of Alumina Plant
CAS1969-2G00-05-111-001 Engineering Specifications for Painting
4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
4.1 Indoors
 Ambient temperature range: 19.9°C to 35.9 °C.
 Ambient temperature range（ambient with HVAC）: Less than 35 °C.
 Maximum relative humidity: 98%.
 Horizontal acceleration of earthquake: 0.05g.
 Altitude: 8m.
4.2 Outdoor
 Ambient temperature: 19.9°C to 35.9 °C.
 Average temperature：26.8 °C.
 Horizontal acceleration of earthquake: 0.05g.
 Maximum relative humidity: 98%.
 Maximum daily rainfall：194mm
 All outdoor equipment for the Alumina Plant shall be designed to operate in an
aggressive environment potentially containing abrasive alumina dust, caustic fluids and
vapours, salt water, hose-down by process water, strong direct sunlight, high humidity
and rain.
The caustic environment is highly corrosive for a range of materials including aluminium, zinc,
and, to a lesser extent, copper. This environment can also be corrosive for alloys containing
zinc and/or aluminium, including brass and some bronzes, which are susceptible to the
removal of the alloying zinc and/or aluminium. The materials mentioned above shall only be
used, subject to Owner’s approval, with suitable protection from the caustic environment.
Painting shall meet the requirements of documents CAS1969-2G00-05-111-001.
5. DESIGN PRINCIPLES
5.1 Power supply
 power supply of thermal power plant (isolated network operation)
 Rated voltage: 10kV
 Normal voltage variation range: ±5%
 Frequency:50HZ
 Normal frequency variation range: ±0.5%
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 10 / 44
 Maximum short circuit：The short-circuit current at the distribution busbar of the high-
voltage system shall not exceed 40kA, and that at the distribution busbar of the low-
voltage system shall not exceed 50kA. The short circuit level is subject to the final
calculation result.
5.2 Voltage Level
Table 5-1 : Rated voltage at all levels in the plant
Nominal Voltage Phase Neutral Use range
Grounding
10000V Three Arc Suppression Thermal power plant, high voltage
Coil distribution, high voltage motor
power supply
380/220V Three Solid（TN-S） Low voltage distribution, low

voltage power supply equipment
220V Single Solid（TN-S） Low voltage power supply

equipment
220V DC Single Ungrounded DC system
220V UPS system Single Solid（TN-S） Low voltage power supply

equipment
Table 5-2: Equipment Voltage Level
Equipment Voltage Level
Motors of 280kW and below 380 V, 3 phase
Actuators, air-conditioning equipment and 220 V/, 1 phase

exhaust fans, with the maximum power not
exceeding 3kW
Motors above 315kW to 3000kW 10000 V, 3 phase
Outdoor lighting 220 V, 1 phase
Indoor lighting 220 V, 1 phase
Emergency lighting 220 V, 1 phase
Other lighting and socket 220 V, 1 phase
Instrumentation 220 V, 1 phase
UPS power 220 V, 1 phase
Motor control power 220 V, 1 phase
LV switchgear control voltage 220 V, 1 phase
Power voltage for Protection panels, 220 V DC

metering panel, generator control
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 11 / 44
Equipment Voltage Level

equipment.
Motor space heaters 220 V, 1 phase
(rated up to 2000 W)
Motor space heaters 380V, 3 phase

(rated above 2000 W)
Welding sockets 380 V, 3 phase
HV Switchgear Control Voltage 220 V DC
Safety voltage 36 V, 1 phase
5.3 Electrical system structure

The main 10kV power distribution system of the thermal power plant adopts the connection
mode of single bus section with standby bus（ double buses）, with a total of four bus
sections. The working bus is divided into three sections, and the standby bus is one section.
Bus tie switch is set between working bus and standby bus, and sectional switch is set
between working bus.Setting reactor,Each section is connected with a 30MW generator, and
supplies 10kV power to other 10kV power distribution systems in the Alumina plant, the
thermal power plant and the coal gas station
Other 10kV power distribution systems adopt the single bus with bus tie , with two 10kV
power incoming lines, and provides power for the 10 / 0.4kV substation and 10kV motor;
The 10 / 0.4kV substation adopts the single bus with bus tie , with two 10kV power incoming
lines, and provides power for MCC system and 0.38kV motor; Each substation has 2
transformers, When one power transformer is overhauled or fails to run, another
transformer can still meet the demand of the power load of the substation; For thermal
power plant, each system has 2 x 100% transformers or several transformers with one
100% spare transformer to supply to 0.38kV system.
The MCC power distribution system of power load for continuous production of process
adopts single bus mode, with two power incoming lines;
The MCC distribution system of the intermittent power load adopts the single bus mode, with
one 0.38kV power incoming line;
The UPS system serves as the standby power supply for the communication system,, low-
voltage motor control， DCS and PLC cabinet. （Include HMI communication interface with
UPS）. The UPS system Refer to CAS1969-2G00-32-110-001, chapter 5.3.9.
The protection and control power of high-voltage equipment are supplied by the DC system.
Battery discharge time control load is calculated according to 8 hours, and power load such
as DC lubricating oil pump motor is calculated according to the unit accident stop time.
The DC power isolated battery pack shall be used as the standby power supply for
emergency lighting and exit lighting. The battery discharge duration is 30 min.
5.4 Stable Operation

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 12 / 44
The stable operation of the power plant is realized through the coordination of the unit
coordination system, the electric balance device, the stability control system, the unit
speed regulation system, the unit bypass valve and so on. The detail specific
configuration will be described in the next stage after transient stability analysis.
6. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT
6.1 Oil Immersed Power Transformer
The 10/0.4kV transformer shall be oil-immersed, ONAN, outdoor type, copper winding and
the maximum load during normal operation shall not exceed 80% of the transformer capacity.
Vector group is Dyn11
The insulation of oil-immersed transformer is insulating oil.The transformer adopts NLTC, and
the tap is ± 2X2.5%
Insulation level ： LI75AC35/AC5.Average winding temperature rise above ambient shall not
exceed 55K，
The 10kV load isolating switch is set at the incoming line side of the transformer, When the
transformer is overhauled, the switch shall be local manual operated according to the
operation regulations
Table 6-1: Transformer list
Rated Capacity Impedance Audible sound levels

No Type Use range
(design value) (design value) (dBA)
The substation 58
1 10/0.4kV 500~800kVA 4%
system
The substation 61
2 10/0.4kV 1000~1250kVA 5%
system
The substation 61
3 10/0.4kV 1600~2000kVA 6.25%
system
The substation 63
4 10/0.4kV 2500kVA 6.25%
system
6.2 Dry type transformer

For thermal power plant, the 10/0.4kV transformer in main building and precipitator control
building shall be dry-type, AN, indoor type and copper winding
The transformer is insulated with flame retardant resin and poured in vacuum. Case
protection up to IP32.
Vector group Dyn11, insulation level F, temperature rise according to Grade B assessment.
When the transformer is operated with the maximum rated capacity, its maximum
temperature rise shall not exceed 80K.The maximum load during normal operation shall not
exceed 80% of the transformer capacity.
The transformer adopts NLTC, and the tap is ± 2X2.5%.
Table 6-2: Transformer list

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 13 / 44
Capacity (design Impedance

No Type Use range
value) (design value)
The substation system
1 10/0.4kV 800kVA 6%
and power plant
2 10/0.4kV 1000~1250kVA 6%
and power plant
3 10/0.4kV 1600~2000kVA 8%
and power plant
4 10/0.4kV 2500kVA 10%
and power plant
6.3 Synchronous Generator

The generator will be two-pole, direct-connected, three phase connected, 50Hz. The
main parameter of Generator shall be as follows:
Rated output 30MW/37.5MVA
Match turbine output 25MW/31.25MVA
Rated speed 3000 rpm
Rated terminal voltage 10.5 kV
Rated power factor 0.8(Lagging)~0.95(leading)
frequency 50 Hz
Rated current 2062 A
Current(Match turbine output) 1718 A
Short circuit ratio ≥0.5
Rated Efficiency 98.2%
Efficiency(Match turbine output) 98.1%
Excitation system Static Thyristor Excitation
A complete generator excitation and voltage regulating system will be provided with the
generator. The excitation system shall be static and the excitation system shall meet the
performance requirements of generator.
The excitation system consists of the following main equipment: Excitation

transformer(ET), Automatic Voltage Regulator(AVR), thyristor rectifier cubicle, field
breaker cubicle, excitation-starting device, excitation control and protection devices, etc.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 14 / 44
6.4 Generator Bus Duct

Each generator is connected to main 10kV switchgear through a self-cooled, totally
enclosed fully phase isolated metal clad bus duct and branching to HV side of PT & LA
cabinet and excitation transformer. There has a circuit breaker between Generator and
10kV switchgears.
The generator bus duct system will consist of the following major components:
-Isolated phase bus duct
-Potential Transformer(PT)
-Current Transformer(CT)
-Metal Oxide Arrester(MOA)
-Current Limiting Reactor(CLR)
-Generator Circuit Breaker（GCB）
-Supports and hangers
-Anti condensation system
6.5 High Voltage Switchgear

The high voltage switchgear adopts metal enclosed type.
Internal arc classified switchgear will according to IAC A FLR.
A standby equipped circuit is provided for each section of the 10kV bus
The 10kV switchgear adopts air insulated and vacuum circuit breaker ，drawout type ，
operating mechanism adopts spring mechanism of motor energy storage.The bus in the
cabinet shall be covered with thermoplastic insulating sleeve, and the bus section shall be
selected according to the long-term allowable current carrying capacity, and shall be able to
withstand short-circuit thermal stable current.
The enclosure installed in the electrical room (with air conditioning) shall be not less than
IP31, and the enclosure installed in the electrical room (without air conditioning) shall be not
less than IP42.
6.6 Low Voltage Switchgear

Low voltage switchgear shall be utilized for controlling or distributing power at voltages of
1000 V or lower. The switchgear shall adopt the metal enclosed, freestanding, dead front
steel structure type. LV low-voltage switchgear unit has drawer type and fixed type. When
fixed type is used, the circuit breaker can be drawn out.. Switchgear is arc resistance
type.The separation form type is 3b,
 There are at least 20% spare circuits in each system

 The enclosure installed in the electrical room (with air conditioner) should be not less
than IP31, and the enclosure installed in the electrical room (without air conditioner)
should be not less than IP42.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 15 / 44
6.7 Motor
All AC motors shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with IEC 60034 and other
related standards. Motors in hazardous areas shall be suitably certified
All AC motors shall normally be of the totally enclosed fan-cooled type or air-cooled and
water-cooled type according to IEC recommendations 60034 and 60529. Where motors
are installed outdoors a weatherproof design (minimum IP55w / 56) shall be chosen.
Submersible pump motors shall be to protection class IP65.
Motors shall have Class F insulation but the temperature rise shall not exceed Class B.
Space heater will be provide for motors 10 kW and above.The space heater shall be
automatic switched into operation when the motor power supply circuit is in the "off"
position,.
In order to ensure the stability of the power supply system voltage, soft start is usually
used for motor more than 75kW and with constant speed & high capacity.
Outdoor motor will be installed cover protection / rainproof.
The current transformer of high voltage motor circuit will comply with the provisions of
Article 12 measuring and measuring in this document.
High-voltage motor circuits are equipped with MOA in switchgear.
The starting current of different motors shall be implemented according to IEC standards.
The large motor circuits are equipped with soft starter or inverter to reduce the starting
current.
6.8 Current limiting reactor

The current limiting reactor is to limit the short-circuit current and ensure that the residual
voltage of the bus does not fall below 70% in the case of short-circuit so that ensureing
the stable operation of the system.
The main parameters of current limiting reactor is as follows:
 Type:dry-type & air-core

 Rated voltage: 10kV
 Max Voltage: 12kV
 Rated frequency: 50Hz
 rated continuous current: According to the circuit current
 Rated short time current and time: 40kA/3s(tentative)
 Xk%: after calculation at basic design stage
 1min frequency voltage withstand (effective value): 30/42kV(internal/external)
 The selection of current limiting reactor will be determined after short circuit
calculation and transient stability calculation at basic design stage.
6.9 UPS Power
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 16 / 44
UPS input voltage is 380VAC and output voltage is 220V;
UPS switchboards are located in the substations or in the control instrument rooms;
UPS adopts the configuration scheme of 2x100% dual host +1x100% bypass.
UPS should have 60 minutes standby time.
The UPS system Refer to CAS1969-2G00-32-110-001, chapter 5.3.9.
The IP class of UPS and DC panel is IP32.
6.10 DC Power Systems

DC power system voltage is 220V
DC power system for protection and control of HV switchgear breakers and DC consumers
and emergency lighting.
Batteries will be designed for 8 hours operation after a failure with a maximum voltage drop of
10%.
2 x100 % charger with at least 2 x 50 % battery
DC power system shall include insulation monitoring, voltage regulator(dropped diode),,short

circuit , overcurrent protection, and undervoltage alarm functions.
DC power system adopts RS485 communication interface, which can upload the signal to
SCADA system.
6.11 Low Voltage MCC (Motor Control Centre)

The enclosure installed in the electrical room (with air conditioning) shall be not less than
IP31.
The system rated current does not exceed 630A in principle.
MCC feeders will be drawer type and the incoming circuit with excessive capacity of MCC will
not be drawer type ,but the CB will be withdrawable type . Power supply of fire pump will
follow NFPA requirement.
6.12 Variable Frequency Drives

Variable frequency drives shall be used to control three phase, 50 Hz motors, where variable
speed output is required. The cabinet shall be installed inside the room.
In addition to some hardwired signals, VFD should also have direct communication with
DCS..
Voltage: ±10%Un; High voltage VFD to put in the room with air conditioning.The operating
conditions of the VFD meet the requirements of IEC 60146-1
6.13 Power Sockets in Buildings

Buildings and external rooftop areas shall generally comprise industrial outlets (in accordance
with IEC 60309). In office areas and all other general areas, socket outlets shall use3 pin
outlets（in accordance with IEC 60884）.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 17 / 44
6.14 Sockets For Welding and Convenient Outlet

Power socket outlets with plugs will be set at strategic points according to the process
requirements, on a nominal 50 m grid so that all parts of the plant can be supplied by using a
maximum cable length of 35 m indoors and not more than 75 m outdoors.
125 A, 380 V AC 3-phase, neutral and earth IEC 60309 socket outlets are used in oil-filled
transformer bay areas for connection to mobile oil purification plant and other areas where
similar mobile equipment shall be required. Other areas will use 125A (3Ph), 63A (3Ph), 32A
(3Ph) and 16A (1PH) as required
Minimum IP ratings will be as follows (Suitable for matching special plugs);
 IP42 Indoor Recessed installation

 IP54 Indoor suspended installation
 IP65 outdoor installation.
For Power Plant
125 A, 380 V AC 3-phase, neutral and earth IEC 60309 socket outlets are used in oil-filled
transformer bay areas for connection to mobile oil purification plant and other areas where
similar mobile equipment shall be required. 63 A, 380 V AC 3-phase, neutral and earth socket
outlets and 16 A, 220 V AC 1-phase, neutral and earth socket outlets are used in main
building and auxiliary system workshop for general maintenance. Minimum IP ratings will be
as follows (Suitable for matching special plugs);
 IP42 Indoor Recessed installation
 IP54 Indoor suspended installation
 IP56 outdoor installation.
6.15 Disconnecting Switch
The isolator switch is used for the LV MCC system and crane equipment maintenance
isolation. For inductive load switching, AC 23(Ac-23: AC equipment, on-off motor load or
other high inductive load.) type disconnecting switch shall be used. The isolator switch will be
installed in switch box which is made by 304 stainless steel with IP54(Indoor installation) or
IP65(outdoor installation).
6.16 Local Control Panel

6.16.1 Button box
For process equipment control boxes in safe areas, industrial type, fully weather proof,
enclosure protection class IP 65 shall be used.
The local push button Panel shall be installed near the motors:
 Fixed type 304 stainless steel or polycarbonate shell

 protection of IP65;
 Outdoor installation shall be equipped with rain proof / sunshade;
 At least 2 bottom cable entry holes with ISO threads.
6.16.2 Push Button Assemblies
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 18 / 44
 Push buttons, indicating lights and selector switches associated with local control stations
shall be heavy duty, oil tight type
 The following colour codes for pushbuttons and pilot lights for motors control circuits shall
be used:
Push Buttons and Indicating Lights for Start：green
Push Buttons and Indicating Lights for Stop：red
 All motor local control stations shall be labelled with equipment number.
 Emergency stop push buttons shall be supplied on all motor local control stations as
follows:
Red jumbo mushroom head. Equipped with clear protection cover.
Push to trip (latching action) twist and pull to reset
 Selector switches shall be of maintained contact, manual reset design with standard knob
operator.
6.17 Outdoor Junction Boxes
Outdoor Junction boxes in non-hazardous areas shall be fully weather proof and Protection
level IP 65, corrosion resistant. The junction boxes in hazardous areas shall be suitably rated
to match the area classification.
6.18 Package Equipment

The electronic control equipment supplied as the Package Equipment( Sub-vendor electrical
equipment under package equipment) shall meet the relevant requirements of IEC standards
and these provisions.
6.19 Capacitor Banks

Capacitor reference standard IEC 60871-1
Indoor installation ，Protection level：IP3X
 HV reactive power compensation device;

Rated voltage: 10KV
Rated capacity: 500kvar、1000kvar（Single group）
Automatic switching can be realized in groups
 LV reactive power compensation device;

Rated voltage: 0.4kV
Rated capacity: 90kvar（Single group）
The reactive power compensation capacitor bank can be switched manually or automatically.
6.20 Hazardous area division and corresponding equipment selection

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 19 / 44
Refer to CAS1969-2G00-05-124-001 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION OF

ALUMINA PLANT for relevant contents of alumina plan.
Table 6-3: Hazardous area classification data sheet − List of sources of release
Substance
Area Classification
Release Source Classification Method of
Ventilation
Description Gas Protection
Temperature Vert. Hor. Rad
Zone
Group Class (M) (M) .(M)
ⅡB/Ⅱ Outdoor Ex-dⅡB/

Heat Generator T11 T1/T1 2 1 - 1
C Well Ventilated ⅡC T1 Gb

Main Burner V19 T1/T1 2 1 - 1
C Well ventilated ⅡC T1 Gb

Pilot Burner V08 T1/T1 2 1 - 1
C Well ventilated ⅡC T1 Gb
Coal Gas Piping ⅡB/Ⅱ Outdoor Ex-dⅡB/

T1/T1 2 1 - 1
Flanges C Well ventilated ⅡC T1 Gb
Coal Gas Piping ⅡB/Ⅱ Outdoor Ex-dⅡB/

T1/T1 2 1 - 1
Valves C Well ventilated ⅡC T1 Gb
Vent of Coal Gas ⅡB/Ⅱ Outdoor Ex-dⅡB/

T1/T1 2 7.5 - 4.5
Purge Line C Well ventilated ⅡC T1 Gb
In the basic design stage of power plant , the protective and explosion-proof grade of electric
equipment of power plant is divided according to the region.
The main Hazardous area in power plant is coal handling system and fuel oil system.
Dividing rules of explosive zones in closed indoor bar-type coal yard:
 ZONE 20: The areas of coal pile.

 ZONE 21: A distance of 1 m around zone 20.
 ZONE 22: A distance of 3 m around the zone 21, coal yard conveyors.
Dividing rules of explosive zones in conveyor system:
 ZONE 20: The inside of the conveyor’s head hopper, the facilities that the coal
stream will go through(such as the coal crusher, the coal screen), the chutes, the
guide chutes and the dust collectors.
 ZONE 21: A distance of 1 m around inlet of the head hopper, the outlets of the guide
chute and slots which are not completely sealed(such as the slot between the coal
crusher and the hopper below).
 ZONE 22: A distance of 3 m around the zone 21, the outlet of the dust collectors’
exhaust ducts and the conveyors.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 20 / 44
The main explosion-proof area in the fuel pump room is classified as zone 2
The selection of electrical and control device explosion-proof equipment should match
the grade of the explosion-proof area. The selection of explosion-proof grade for
electrical equipment is as follows：
Coal handing system ZONE 21 Ex d, III(braize),Db
Coal handing system ZONE 22 Ex d, III(braize),Dc
Fuel oil system ZONE 2 Ex d,IIA T3,Gc
7. DESIGN CALCULATIONS AND STUDIES

The following power system studies and calculations shall be performed for proper design of
electrical power systems and equipment :
 short circuit current calculation.

 relay setting including coordination .
 load flow analysis
 motor acceleration.
 cable sizing.
 grounding calculation.
 Battery capacity calculation, battery charger capacity calculation and isolated busduct
sizing/ UPS sizing calculation.
 Transient stability study
 Harmonic study
 Arc flash study
 Load shedding analysis
 Diesel generator sizing, load list, CT sizing for generator relaying, lighting illumination,
generator neutral equipment sizing, ;
 DC system breaker breaking current verification and UPS system breaker breaking
current verification
 Voltage drop calculation
Part of the calculation is performed using ETAP software and other calculations will be in
accordance with the relevant specifications and standard..
8. OPERATIONAL MODES
8.1 General
The power supply of the project shall be supported from the thermal power plant, there is no
external power supply. In order to ensure the production safety, the diesel generator is also
set as the emergency power supply.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 21 / 44
During normal operation, all electrical equipment shall be supplied by the steam turbine
generator. When the normal power supply is not available, the emergency power will supply
all the emergency load.
For the electrical power system, the following modes are defined:
 Normal Operation Mode;

 Maintenance Mode;
 Emergency Mode;
8.2 Normal Mode
1) In this mode, all electrical loads are supplied by the generator of Power plant;
2) The main 10kV working bus shall be operated. The standby bus shall not be operated.
the busbar tie switch is open, and the section switch is closed;
3) The two power sources of the 10kV distribution substation are operated, and the bus tie
switch is opened;
4) The two power sources of the 10 / 0.4kV substation are operated, and the bus tie switch
is opened;
5) Emergency diesel generator does not start;
6) UPS and DC power supply are in charging state, and the load carried by them is powered
by the system power supply(AC or AC/DC).
8.3 Maintenance Mode

1) When a generator needs maintenance, start the standby generator and shut down the
maintenance generator;
2) When 1 generator is in maintenance mode, the bus worked it does not shut down, and
the main bus of 10kV in section 3 is still in the parallel state;
3) 10kV distribution substation: when one 10kV incoming power supply needs maintenance,
close the bus tie switch, disconnect the power circuit switch, and the 10kV distribution
system is supplied by the other incoming power.;
4) 10 / 0.4kV substation: when one 10 / 0.4kV transformer needs maintenance, close the
bus tie switch, disconnect the low-voltage side switch of the transformer, and the system
is powered by one transformer;
5) In maintenance mode, Emergency diesel generator does not start;
6) When the UPS and DC power supply are in charging state, and the load supplied by the
system power.
8.4 Emergency Mode

1) When the generator is suddenly stop or there is a unbalance between power generation
and power load, the load shedding system shall be started and part of the power load
shall be cut off; The emergency diesel generator is ready to support the emergency load.
The UPS and DC provide reliable backup power for the load of the cut off area.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 22 / 44
2) When the power supply system of the thermal power station fails, the power supply
system of the whole plant loses power, the emergency diesel generator and UPS starts
to supply power for the plant's emergency load, and provides power for the black restart
of the thermal power station.
8.5 Black start facility

The facility shall be capable of restarting any unit from complete blackout conditions without
other power network. Black start diesel generator of suitable rating will be set in the same
house with EDG.
The black start diesel generator will be connected to standby 10kV switchgear which can
supply to 10kV auxiliary switchgear of any unit in power plant. The blackout condition
occurs when there is no power to restart the unit. The black start diesel generator will be
running and supplying power to all necessary loads for restarting of any unit.
The black start facility has manual and automatic start mode.The startup logic will be
based on the load startup batch system that participates in the black startup.In the
process of starting, with the input of load in batches, the output of black starting diesel
generator is constantly increasing, and the unit is also started.This process should
ensure the stable start of the diesel generator set.When the unit starts and the power
supply is switched to the unit, the black start diesel generator will be rolled out and
complete the black start unit.
8.6 Diesel generator
Diesel generators supply power to emergency load in power plant and alumina plant and
black start of power plant unit. Six diesel generators according to preliminary
calculation.The parameters of diesel generator is as follows:
 Rated power:4X2000kW(tentative,for emergency load and black starting of power

plant)
 Rated power:2X1800kW(tentative,for emergency load of alumina plant)
 Rated voltage: 10.5kV
 Rated frequency:50Hz
 Rated power factor:0.8
 Rated insulation:F class
 Exciting Mode:Rapid response excitation system with AVR device.
 Noise requirements: 90dB(A)(1 metre from shell)
 Fuel type:0 # diesel oil
 Daily tank capacity:8 hour emergency load operation or black start one unit
The capacity selection of diesel generators requires the following considerations:
 The continuous output capacity of the diesel generator set shall be greater than the
maximum starting calculated load.
 When the diesel generator starts the maximum motor with other load, it shall meet
the requirement of overload capacity in a short time.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 23 / 44
 When the diesel generator starts with the maximum motor, the bus voltage shall not
be less than 85% of the rated voltage.
The preliminary selection calculation of diesel generator will be carried out in the basic
design stage.
9. POWER DISTRIBUTION AND SUBSTATIONS

Substations shall consist of power transformers, LV switchgear, LV motor control centers,
switchboard, Capacitor Banks ，UPS and DC batteries, and other accessory equipment.
9.1 Location
Substations shall be located as close to the centre of the load being supplied as possible.
The substation is set with above-ground cable layer.
9.2 Temperature of Substation

Indoor temperature of frequency converter room, distribution and substation shall not exceed
35 °C,and not exceed 25 °C for battery room.
9.3 Doors, Windows and Wall Penetrations

Cables trays and conduits entering the building shall be via an approved fire resistant
treatment.
Substation buildings shall have a minimum of two doors. One door shall be suitably sized as
an equipment door. The doors and windows are equipped with measures to prevent small
animals from entering.
Distribution room with cement calendaring floor.
9.4 Building Sizing and Equipment Arrangement

The requirements of passageway in the distribution room is shown in the table below：
Table 9-1: Minimum width of all passageways in high voltage distribution room
（mm）
Maintain access Operation passageway in front of
behind the cabinet(minimum distance)
Switch cabinet layout
cabinet(minimum Removable
Fixed switchgear
distance) switchgear
Single truck length
Single row arrangement 800 1500
+1200
Double row face-to-face Double truck length
800 2000
arrangement +900
Double row back to back Single truck length
1000 1500
arrangement +1200
Table 9-2: Minimum width of all passageways in low voltage distribution room（m）
Type of Double row face- Double row back panel
Single row Multiple rows in the
distribution to-face to back side
arrangement same direction
panel arrangement arrangement passage
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 24 / 44
way
Back of panel
Back of panel
Back of panel
from the wall

rear panel
Front and
between of panel
Front of panel
Front of panel
Front of panel
Behind the rear panel

Front of front panel
operating
operating
operating
maintain
maintain
maintain
F
i Unrestricted 1.5 1.0 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0
x
e restricted 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.8 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.8
d
D
r Unrestricted 1.8 1.0 1.2 2.3 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.0 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.0 1.0
a
w
-
o restricted 1.6 0.8 1.2 2.1 0.8 1.2 1.6 0.8 2.0 2.1 1.6 0.8 0.8
u
t
Note:
1. When restricted, it means restricted by the building plane and obstacles such as columns in the
passageways.
2. Panel back operation passageway means the passageway behind the panel that is used for
operating the switching equipment ;
3. The width of operating passageway in front of the wall-mounted panel should not be less than 1m.
9.5 Warning Signs

Hazard indicating signs « DANGER - ELECTRICITY - KEEP OUT» shall be installed the
entrances to the substation forbidding unprofessional persons to enter.
10. ELECTRICAL CONTROL

The electrical ECMS is set in the CCR ,and which shall be used for remote control. It is used
to control HV circuit breaker and LV circuit breaker of substation
Each integrated protection measurement and control device of THE ECMS system has its
own fault recording function, and the generator unit considers to set up independent fault
recording device.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 25 / 44
For the process equipment with control interlocking and which needs to be controlled in the
control center room, DCS control system is used to control starting and stopping sequence of
motors according to the process requirements.
10.1 Operation Mode

HV switchgear circuit breaker shall be operated by local manual control and remote control.
Incoming line and bus tie breaker of the 10/0.4kV substation system shall be operated by
local manual control (switchgear location )and remote control.
Feeder breakers of 10/0.4kV substation system are operated by local manual control
(switchgear location ) and remote control.
MCC motor circuit breakers are operated by local manual control (MCC location ).
LV distribution board circuit breakers are operated by local manual control (board location ).
10kV distribution system incoming circuit breakers and bus tie breakers are set to fast
transfer device, 10 / 0.4 kV substation line incoming circuit breakers and bus tie breakers are
set to ATS, 0.38 kV MCC distribution line incoming switch is set to auto transfer isolation
switch.
10.2 Motor Control

The LCP should have access to the local or remote mode, the auto or manual selection of
remote mode is done by the CCR
1) Remote Auto Mode (interlocking requirements)
This allow to start/stop motor through the DCS or PLC. In this mode, the LCP cannot
operate the motor. It shall be logic interlock defined by process.
2) Remote Manual Mode
This allow to manual start/stop motor through the DCS or PLC with HMI button. In this
mode, the LCP cannot operate the motor.
3) Local Mode
LCB is only access local or remote but manual or auto selection needs to be done at
remote CCR.
Selection of this Local Mode will be from LCP. This mode only allows the LCP to operate
the motor. local mode is only for motor maintenance or motor control without interlocking,
except for safety interlocking
4) Motors with a capacity of more than 75kW and with constant speed & high capacity need
to have a soft start device.
11. PROTECTION CONFIGURATION

High and low voltage systems shall be protected according to the specific requirement of the
project and IEC standards（not limited if applied）.
 Generator protection
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 26 / 44
 Differential protection 87G
 Ground protection 64
 Instantaneous overcurrent 50
 Time overcurrent 51
 Loss of field protection 40
 Main 10kV feeder line
 Differential protection 87L
 10kV incoming line protection:
 10kV busbar:
 10kV feeder line
 The feeder line has the ground fault alarm provided by the grounding line selection
device, and the operation time is less than 2 hours; The grounding fault circuit is
determined by the grounding line selection device.
 10 / 0.4kV transformer
 Pressure switch 63
 10kV PT
 Low voltage 27
 High voltage 59
 10kV motor
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 27 / 44
 Differential protection 87M (for motors above 2000kw )
 Low voltage 27
 Motor body protection
 W Motors shall also be protected by bearing and winding RTD’s(each

winding RTD to be duplex，49)
 hen set point of RTD is over, motor starter will send trip signal to CB trip circuit
of High Voltage Switchgear for protection of motors
 Low voltage motor protection
 Short circuit protection
 Ground protection
 Overload protection
 Open phase protection
 Low voltage distribution line protection
 Short circuit protection
 Overcurrent protection
 10 / 0.4kV transformer secondary side power line protection
 Short delay short circuit protection
 Fault lock bus ATS
 Low voltage bus section protection
 Short delay short circuit protection
12. METERING AND MEASURING

The whole plant is equipped with an energy metering system to monitor the power
consumption levels;
10kV HV switchgear components.
 Current transformer
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 28 / 44
 Measurement accuracy: class 0.5
 Metering accuracy: 0.2S
 Protection accuracy: 5p20
 Accuracy of differential protection: 5p20
 Current transformer, secondary 1A
 Transducer output 4 - 20mA.
 Voltage transformer
 Measurement accuracy: class 0.5
 Metering accuracy: class 0.5
 Potential transformer secondary voltage 100/√3 (phase to neutral)
 Open triangle voltage: 100/3
13. LIGHTING
13.1 Lighting Type
The determination of lighting types shall comply with the following requirements:
 Normal lighting shall be provided for work and relevant auxiliary places
Normal lighting shall reach the required lighting level in the utility area, process area,
loading area and auxiliary area according to the lighting level in table 13-1.
When the normal lighting power fails in the following places, emergency lighting shall be
set:
 The main control room, fire control room, shall be provided with standby lighting
（Standby lighting for continuous operation when normal lighting fails）;
 Emergency safety lighting shall be set in the following areas:
 Control room, power distribution room and generator room, power plant boiler room.
 Fire control panel and fire pump surrounding area.
 Exits and passageway, that need ensuring the safe evacuation of people should be
provided with Escape lighting.（Escape Lighting for evacuation of personnel from indoor
to outdoor or safe area in case of fire or accident）
Table 13-1:Utilization of Lighting Mode
Area Lighting
Process plant Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting (partial)

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 29 / 44
Area Lighting
Substation Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting

Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting (stairwells,
Utilities
corridors)
Living Area Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting (partial)
Main control room Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting，Standby Lighting
Engineering outside plant Normal Lighting,
Tailings systems Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting (partial)
For Power Plant:
 The lighting shall include normal lighting, escape lighting and stand-by lighting system
throughout the plant. Normal lighting is used under normal conditions. Standby lighting used
to ensure that normal activity continues after normal lighting power lost. Escape lighting used
to ensure that evacuation routes are effectively identified and used in the event of an accident
 The normal lighting system shall be provided for throughout the power plant part. The
lighting of power house is power supplied by LV switchgear which installed in LV auxiliary
switchgear room. The lighting of other auxiliary building is supplied by the LV switchgear or
MCC nearby.
 The stand-by lighting in power house is power supplied by the Emergency Lighting
Inverter Cabinet. The Emergency Lighting Inverter Cabinet is power supplied by the
380/220V unit PC and automatic switch to DC system in the emergency conditions. The lamp
with self-contained battery is used for the stand-by lighting in isolated areas, such as coal
handling system, water treatment building.
 The emergency D.C. lighting shall be arranged in the central control room and diesel
motor building. The D.C emergency lighting system voltage shall be of 220V.
The escape lighting shall be installed on the building ‘s entrance and staircase and main
pass-way.
The determination of lighting types shall comply with the following requirements:
 Normal lighting shall be provided for work and relevant auxiliary places
Normal lighting shall reach the required lighting level in the utility area, process area,
loading area and auxiliary area according to the lighting level in table 13-1.
When the normal lighting power fails in the following places, emergency lighting shall be
set:
 The main control room, fire control room, shall be provided with standby lighting;
 Emergency safety lighting shall be set in the following areas:
 Control room, switch room and generator room, power plant boiler room.
 Fire control panel and fire pump surrounding area.

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 30 / 44
 Exits and passageway, that need ensuring the safe evacuation of people should be
provided with Escape lighting.
Table 13-2:Utilization of Lighting Mode
Area Lighting
Main control room，switchroom Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting，Standby Lighting
Power house Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting，Standby Lighting
Boiler room & walkways Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting，Standby Lighting
Coal transfer Tower Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting
Coal Conveyor Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting
Coal handling control building Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting，Standby Lighting
Water Treatment system Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting，Standby Lighting
Ash system Normal Lighting, Escape Lighting
Outside plant Normal Lighting

13.2 Selection of Lighting Sources and Lamps
Table 13-3: Type of lamp
Area Type of luminaire/light source
Process area Floodlights，LED
The belt gallery Floodlights，LED
Distribution room Fluorescent lamp，LED
Office, laboratory, etc Fluorescent lamp，LED
Standby lighting LED/ Built-in battery pack or DC panel
Emergency safety lighting LED/ Built-in battery pack
Escape lighting LED/ Built-in battery pack
Roads and squares Road lamp，LED
The emergency time of emergency lighting is 0.5 hours.
Lightings shall be selected in accordance with the following requirements

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 31 / 44
 Dusty places shall adopt lightings with protection grade not lower than IP55;
 In outdoor places, lightings with a protection rating not less than IP65 shall be used;
13.3 Illumination and Quality
Illuminance standard values are shown in the table below. The deviation between design and
standard illuminance values should not less than - 10%.
Table 13-2: Illumination level of lighting design
Installation Location Illumination level (Lux) *1 Highly Remarks
Process
General Process Units 50 Ground
Process instrumentation 50 The level of visual
The cooling tower 50 Floor
Belt gallery 50 Ground
Pumps rows 50 Ground
Compressor shelters 200 Floor
The stove 50 Floor
Operating platforms 50 Floor
Ordinary platforms 10 Floor
Walkways, ladders, and 50 Floor For frequently used

stairs only, other 10 Lux
General area 10 Ground
Control room
Main control room and 500 Floor

instrument panels
Back of panels 100 Floor
control room and 300 Floor

instrument panels Network
cabinet
Utility Plants such as Boiler. Air Compressor Plants. Power Plants. etc.
Indoor equipment 200 Floor
Outdoor equipment 50 Ground

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 32 / 44
Tank Fields
Tank (stairs, ladders, and 10 Floor Frequently used only

gagging area) other 5 Lux
Valves / Operating Area 50 Ground Frequently used only
Electrical substation
Outdoor substation 20 Ground
Indoor substation 150 Floor Operating aisle only
50 Floor General area
Outdoor starter racks 50 Ground
Laboratories
Qualitative, quantitative 500 750 mm

and physical test
Storage room, warehouse 150 Floor
Road lighting
Frequent freight 4 Ground
Frequent use 2 point
Management building, office
office 500
Corridors, stairs, toilets 200
Equipment room 150
Canteen, gate
Entrance door, check 150
general area 200
General repairs
Fitter machining 500
Aisle 150 Floor

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 33 / 44
Instruments and 300

Apparatuses
electric appliance 200
Cable interlayer 100
Changing room, shower 100 Floor

room
Garage, fire protection 100
Power Plant
Power house 100 Floor
Coal Transfer Tower 100 Floor
Belt Conveyor 50 Ground
SwitchRoom 200 Floor
Fire Pump House 100 Floor
Boiler walkway 50 Floor
The emergency lighting illumination requirements are as follows:
The illumination of escape lighting shall be no less than 1 Lux in the area below 2 meters
along the route of evacuation center.
Illumination of escape lighting shall be not less than 0.5 lux.
Emergency safety lighting shall be no less than 10% of normal illumination and no less than
15 Lux.
Standby lighting is consistent with normal lighting illumination.
13.4 Lighting Distribution and Control

13.4.1 Lighting Distribution System
1) Lighting Distribution Board
The distribution board shall be equipped with a main circuit breaker.
Branch lighting circuits shall be single phase and neutral or three phases and neutral,
protected with MCBs, These miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) shall be either double
pole for single phase circuits or four poles for three phase circuits.
The lighting distribution board shall include 10 % spare outgoing circuits.

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 34 / 44
The distribution box should meet the safety classification requirements of the installation
area, and the installation location should be as close to the load center as possible.
Fixed type 304 stainless steel or polycarbonate shell
protection of IP65（outdoor），indoor at least IP 42 except in the air conditioning room

could be at least IP 31;
Outdoor installation shall be equipped with rain proof / sunshade;
Incoming power on/off indicating lights shall be provided..
2) Requirements for power distribution system
When the lighting device is supplied with safety voltage power supply, the safety
isolation transformer shall be used and the secondary side shall not be connected to the
ground.
The lighting branch line shall be insulated with copper core and the branch line section
shall not be less than 2.5 mm².
Lighting wires are laid through steel conduit.
13.4.2 Lighting Control

Table 13-3: Lighting control mode classification
Lighting control mode

Lighting area
Lighting box Field control Photoelectric
Remarks
circuit breaker switch control
Group control by
General Process √ √ √ workshop, section
or process
Laboratory √
Office √
Living area
Partition and group
(canteen, √ √
control
bathroom, etc.)
Partition and group
control
Corridor stairwell √
Sound and light
control
Street lamp √ √
14. CABLE
14.1 General
It is suitable for the selection and laying design of power cables and control cables of this
project.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 35 / 44
1) The cable specification (cross section, Amp capacity, etc.) selected according to the
requirements shall meet the IEC standard.
2) The following factors will be taken into account in order to determine the minimum
conductor size. Capacity of cable used shall be refer to international standard (minimal
125 % from load current)
 Short circuit current

 Maximum duration of short circuit (The operation time of the circuit breaker or relay
protection device should be considered)
3) Except for special circumstances, HV and LV Cables will not be interrupted by cable
joints . If necessary to joint the cable, it should be approved by Owner.
4) Allowable voltage drop of power cable line shall meet the following requirements，The
total voltage drop from the transformer to the load shall not exceed the following values：
Normal operation: 3.5% (for HV system)
5.0% (for LV system)
Motor start: ≤ 15.0% (for HV motor at motor terminal)
≤ 15.0% (for LV motor at motor terminal)
14.2 Cable Type and Section Selection

14.2.1 Cable Conductor Material
Control cables should be copper stranded conductors.
Power cables should use copper stranded conductors
Table 14-1: Power cable core number
Voltage Phase Wire
220V Single phase L,N (PE)
380V Three phase L1, L2, L3, (N), PE
10000V Three phase L1, L2, L3
14.2.2 Cable Insulation Level and Type

The phase to phase rated voltage of power cable conductor in AC system shall not be lower
than the working line voltage of using circuit.
The rated voltage of control cable shall not be lower than the working voltage of the circuit
XLPE insulation type should be selected for LV and HV cables
Armor cable shall be provided for all LV power cables

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 36 / 44
Fire resistant cable will be used in emergency system, System associated with fire
protection,UPS system and DC system.
Table 14-2: Cable type application
Use area Cable type Remarks
Armored LV cable Cu/XLPE/SWA/PVC-0.6/1.0KV
HV cable Cu/XLPE/PVC-8.7/10KV
Outdoor HV cable (Direct burial) Cu/XLPE/SWA/PVC-8.7/10KV

FR/Cu/ XLPE/ /SWA/PVC-
Flame retardant armored cable
0.6/1.0KV
Control cable Cu/PVC/CWB/PVC-0.45/0.75KV
Outdoor armored control cable Cu/PVC/CWB/SWA/PVC-
(Direct burial) 0.45/0.75KV
FR/Cu/PVC/CWB/PVC-
Flame retardant control cable
0.45/0.75KV
Analog cable Cu/PVC/CWB/SWA/PVC 300 2P
wire Cu/PVC-500V
High temperature cable YGC
Fire resistant cable CU/MGT+XLPE/LSZH 0.6/1kV
14.2.3 Cable Sheath Type

PVC outer sheath is used for general cables.
When the cable bears large pressure or there is danger of mechanical damage, it shall have
reinforcing layer or armor. Cable armour (if used) will be galvanised steel wire except for
single core cable which will be aluminium wire armour.
14.2.4 Control Cable and Its Metal Shield

The control cable adopts metal shielding layer.
The DC power supply, the tripping and control circuits are connected by independent cables.
The minimum cross-section of control cables will be 1.5mm2
The control cable will be colored and each core will be uniquely numbered at a length not
exceeding 100mm.
The control cables will contain at least 2 cores or 10% of total number of cores of the cable
(which is greater) as spares. This does not apply to 4 core cable or below.
14.2.5 Power Cable Section

The current Amp capacity of the cable, in addition to the minimum load current of 125%,
depends on the laying method and the installation conditions. If cables are installed in
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 37 / 44
multiple conditions, the worst cable installation conditions should be used to determine the
ampacity.
The minimum cross section of multi-core power cable conductor shall not be less than
2.5mm²for copper conductor。
The XLPE cable rated continuous operating temperature up to 90 °C.
When the neutral point of power supply below 1kV is directly grounded, the selection of cable
conductor cross section equipped with protective ground wire shall meet the following
requirements:
Table 14-3: Minimum cross section is allowed for the protection ground wire
according to thermal stability requirements（mm²）
Cable phase core section Protection ground allows minimum cross section
S≤16 S
16＜S≤35 16
35＜S≤400 S/2
14.3 Selection and Configuration of Cable Accessories

The device type of cable terminal shall be selected in accordance with the following
requirements:
 The HV cable will be terminated using heat shrinkable and cold shrinkable sleeves.
 The LV power cables will be terminated using shrinkable sleeves or self-amalgamating
tape.
Joints shall not be placed underground. If necessary, splices should be made in appropriate
fittings or junction boxes on the ground.,and shall be approved by owner.
The metal layer （shield or armor）of the power cable must be directly grounded. The metal
layer of the three-core cable in the HV and LV system. shall be grounded at the two terminals
and joints of the cable.
15. CABLE LAYING

15.1 General
The allowable bending radius of the cable is calculated at 20 times the outside diameter of
the cable.
If there are a lot of cables in the same path, and they are laid in the multi-layer trays on the
same side, the following requirements shall be met:
 Power cables from high to low voltage levels, control and signal cables with high to low
voltage levels, and communication cables with low voltage levels shall be arranged in
"top down" order.
 The working and spare cables of the same important circuit should be arranged on
different layers of trays
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 38 / 44
The arrangement of cables on the same layer bracket shall comply with the following
provisions:
 Control and signal cables can be adjacent or stacked, and Separator shall be added .
 Except that the same circuit of the single-core power cable for the ac system can be
configured in a pin shape (three-leaf shape), multiple power cables for the same
important circuit should not be superimposed
15.2 Laying Method
15.2.1 Cable Tray Laying
Generally, the overhead cable tray laying method is adopted.
1) Cable tray is made of hot-dip galvanized steel.
2) No more than one layer of single core power cables and no more than two layers of multi-
core power cables will be installed in a tray. The filling rate of the power cable tray will be
less than 40% in case two layer of cables are placed in a tray.
3) The filling rate of the control and instrument cable tray will be no more than 60%.
4) The maximum support center spacing of the cable tray is 2000mm. Cable trays will not
deflect more than 100mm when loaded with cables.
5) The adjoining cable tray sections will be electrically bonded at the splice by 16mm2
stranded ground conductor. The cable tray will be electrically bonded to the grounding
grid at intervals not greater than 30m by 16mm 2 stranded ground conductor.
6) Cables installed in the cable tray where it is subjected to direct sun light (Outdoor area)
shall be provided with a cable tray cover. Accordingly, the cable tray cover shall be
provided on the toppest cable tray when there is a cable tray stack located in outdoor. All
vertical raisers shall be provided with cable tray covers up to 2000mm from finished floor
level to give mechanical protection.
7) Minimum of separation between various cable trays shall be:
HV to C or I: 600 mm
LV to C or I: 300 mm
C to I: 200 mm
HV to LV : 300 mm
8) Tray width:200mm,300mm,400mm,500mm,600mm
9) Tray height:.100mm,150mm
15.2.2 Direct Buried Laying
If there are less than 6 power cables of 10kv and below in the same route, the section without
regular excavation can be directly buried..
The cable shall be laid in a trench and a layer of soft soil or sand not less than 100mm thick
shall be laid along the entire path of the cable, up and down adjacent to the cable.
Cover the whole path of the cable with a width not less than 50mm on each side of the cable,
and it’s better to use concrete to protect the plate.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 39 / 44
When directly buried and laid in non-frozen land, the cable sheath to the underground
structure foundation shall not be less than 300mm.
The depth of the cable cover to the ground shall not be less than 700mm; When located in
the driveway, the burry level should be properly deepened, and should not be less than 1.0
meters.
When directly buried cables intersect with roads, they should be worn in protection pipes, and
the protection scope should be more than 500mm beyond roadbed, both sides of street
pavement and drainage ditch
15.2.3 Conduit Laying
When exposed cables are laid in the places with explosion risks, for exposed cables that
need to be protected on the ground, and for underground cables cross roads, conduit shall be
used. The conduit and conduit thread adopt IEC 61386 standard.and IEC60423
1) The unarmoured cable in conduit will not exceed 40% of conduit space and armoured
cable in conduit will not exceed 30% of conduit space.
2) The cable conduits and fittings will be galvanised steel or heavy duty UPVC. The
minimum size of the conduit will be 20mm.
3) The flexible conduit will be provided in areas where rigid conduit and UPVC can not be
used. The flexible conduit and fittings will be able to be coiled without damage or
reduction in cross sectional area and will be suitable for the environment in which they
are installed.
4) The galvanised conduit will be ground by means of an ground bushing and a direct
connection to the main ground conductor.
5) The distance between conduit supports shall not be more than 2000mm.
15.2.4 Laying of Cable Structures

1) The clear height of cable interlayer shall not be less than 2000mm, but not more than
3000mm.
2) Cable structures shall have comply with the following requirements:
 The longitudinal drainage slope of cable trench shall not be less than 0.5%.
 Water collecting well shall be set at a proper distance along the drainage direction.
15.3 Cable Support and Fixing
15.3.1 General
The allowable span of supporter (arm supporter) and hanger should be follow the
requirements in table 15-1
Table 15-1: The allowable span of support (arm support) and hanger（mm）
Laying method
Cable characteristics
Level vertical
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 40 / 44
HV and LV voltage cables 800 1500
High voltage cables above 10kV 1500 3000
Cable tray 2000 2000
The selection of components for the cable fixation shall comply with the following provisions:
 The flat steel clamp, nylon tie strap or plastic-plated metal tie strap can be used after anti-
corrosion treatment, except to the AC single-core power cable. Strong corrosion
environment, should use nylon or plastic - plated metal strap.
 Horizontal laying shall be arranged at the head, end and turning points of the cable line
as well as on both sides of the joint, and shall be at least 100m apart in the straight
section.
 Vertical laying shall be set at the appropriate positions at the top, bottom and middle.
15.3.2 Cable Support and Cable Tray.
The type of cable trays shall meet the following requirements:
 Ladder trays shall be used normally.

 When external electrical interference needs to be shielded, metal tray and cover without
holes shall be selected.
 In places with inflammable dust, it is appropriate to choose the ladder tray, and the upper
layer of bridge frame should be equipped with cover.
 The cable tray shall be welded or bolted hot dip galvanized structure and fully galvanized.
Without permanent deflection, the sides of a cable tray will be capable of withstanding a
120kg force acting at a point 60 degrees to the horizontal midway between supports,
simultaneously with a distributed cable load exerting a pressure of 1kpa and
concentrated mass of 100kg midway between the sides.
 Metal cable tray shall be set with reliable electrical connection and grounded.
 Adjoining calbe tray sections will be electrically bonded at the splice by 16mm*mm
stranded earthing conductor. The cable tray will be electrically bonded to the grounding
grid at intervals not greater than 30m by 16mm*mm stranded earthing conductor.( That to
be finilaized after calculation)
15.4 Fire Proof Sealing System For Cable
The aim of fireproof disign is to reduce the fire scope after caught fire, fireproof design
including the following:fireproof wall for cable trench of channel, cable tray's fireproof
segment,blockage of floor hole,cable holes on the wall, on the floor, cable holes of
channels,
Fireproof design includes the following:
 Intersection of cabel trench;

 Joint of floor hole and interlayer;
 Entry of cabel tunnel(trench) entering inside from outside;
 Interface between workshops;
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 41 / 44
 Joint of busbar segments in switchboard Room;

 Place of long cable trench per 100m;
 Joint of different turbines and main transformers;
 Other places nacessary；
After cable laying,such holes need to seal with blockage：
 All the floor holes for cable structure;

 All the wall holes for cable structure;
 All the channels holes;
 All cable pipe's nozzle;
Arrangement rules of fireproof sealing:
 Set a fireproof segment per not more than 100m with lenghth of 4m;
 Set a fireproof segment on the both sides where cable tray enter or exit the transfer
tower;
 Joint of busbar segments joint of busbar segments ;
 Cable route joint of different turbines;
 Intersection of cabel route;
16. GROUNDING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

16.1 Basic Design Condition
In the ground system design, the following requirements shall be taken into consideration:
LV busbar of LV distribution and Lighting panel bus bar shall will be protected against surge
by SPD (surge Protection Device) as required.
System grounding is primarily concerned with the protection of electric equipment and the
reliability of the electrical system.
Equipment grounding is primarily concerned with protecting personnel from electric shock.
Lightning protection is primarily concerned with protection against the hazards of fire and
explosions of flammable materials, as well as electrical equipment, caused by lightning
surges.
Protection against static electricity by bonding or grounding is primarily concerned with

protection against the hazards of fire and explosions of flammable materials caused by
discharge of static electricity.
Limit the voltage on the circuit when generating more than the design allowance.
Reduce the effect of the electrical interference on signal and instrumentation systems.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 42 / 44
Copper conductor and galvanized steel are used as grounding system materials(connections,
lug, bus, conductor,etc)
16.2 Ground Network

In general, a ground network shall be installed around substations, important process units,
structures, switch racks and other electrical installations. The ground network shall consist of
a main cable loop, cables from the loop to the branch grounds, and the ground rods with
inspection points.
Bare stranded copper for the underground earthing lines shall be minimum of 50 mm2 and
that for branch grounding line shall be minimum of 25 mm 2.( The final value is based on the
result of grounding system analysis)
All grounding terminals shall be made of compression terminals. The interconnection shall be
directly clamped (or welded) with a compression branch connector. The ground conductor
and the ground wire are connected by exothermal, The buried depth of the grounding
conductor shall be at least 500mm.
The area far away from the main grounding system, such as tailings system, Intake Water
System, Mess hall etc ,may be grounded by separate grounding electrodes and conductors.
A system neutral ground (transformer neutral) shall be provided for transformers as required.
The neutral ground for the transformer shall be interconnected with the grounding network.
Conductors for neutral ground and LV switchboard shall be sized according to the system
short circuit current.
Grounding of the shield of instrument cables and computers shall be connected to the
electrical grounding systems. The whole plant forms a unified grounding grid.
16.3 Equipment Grounding Requirements

1) The following items shall be connected to the grounding system.
 The enclosures of the motors and transformers.

 Electrical equipment and normally uncharged metal parts, such as the enclosures of
the panel boards, switchgears, motor control centers, and substation fences.
 Main electrical power equipment enclosure shall be grounded through two points.
The size of grounding conductor should be selected according to the short-circuit
current of equipment terminal.
 The metal framework of the structures, buildings and houses.
 Tanks and process vessels containing flammable liquid or gas.
 Exposed metal part of the cable or conductor, such as the metallic armor and
sheaths of cable, metallic shields of cable, cable trays and racks, and bus duct
enclosures.
 The grounding bus in the switchboards.
2) Additional grounding shall not be required for the following electrical equipment and
instruments:
 Electrical equipment connected to the PE core of cables.

PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 43 / 44
 Instruments on grounded steel structures, metal frames, process equipment or

piping.
3) All metallic conduits, armor and sheaths shall be grounded at their supply and load ends
except in the case of metallic shield grounded at one point only.
4) Grounding conductors exposing on the ground shall be protected by conduit as follows:
 Conduit shall be of steel rigid conduit. Singe copper conductor shall be routed in
non-magnetic conduit.
 Conduit shall extend a minimum of 150 mm both below and above grade.
5) Equipment fitting or anchor bolts shall not be used for grounding purposes.
16.4 Grounding Electrode

Grounding rods shall be solid copper rod .
Grounding rods shall be attached to the main below grade grounding loop at necessary
intervals to obtain a resistance to earth not exceeding total resistance 1ohm(step voltage and
touch voltage limitation shall also be met according to standard.). The stranded copper
conductor between ground rods shall be slack.
Each connections between the grounding rod and the grounding bus shall be accessible for
testing.
16.5 Lightning Protection

The whole plant shall be protected by lightning protection.
The material of lightning protection system is Galvanized steel.
Tall or isolated metallic structures, stacks, and columns shall be grounded for lightning
protection.
The lightning protection system shall consist of lightning arrester and the down Lead Lines.
17. SCADA SYSTEM

The SCADA system is used for electrical power system data acquisition and system condition
monitoring and control function of the electrical devices.
The power system is connected to SCADA through communication or hard wiring. The
meters and protection devices in the high-voltage switchgear are connected to the SCADA
system through communication.The trip signal shall be hard-wire.
The SCADA system and DCS system are connected through communication. SCADA
system monitors and controls all electrical equipment (including DC & UPS,,high-voltage
distribution swithgear, excluding motor). DCS only monitors electrical equipment of SCADA
system and does not participate in control operation.
The SCADA system shall be engineered and designed as a complete system with an 'open
architecture' (system communications shall be Profibus DP,, Modbus RTU, Ethernet
TCP/IP,IEC 61850 or equal.).
The summary node shall be set GPS clock synchronization , operator workstation, redundant
switch and redundant database server.
PROJECT CODE :

ENGINEERING REV : 2
PAGE : 44 / 44
The SCADA system shall set the master station in the electric dispatching center, which is
responsible for the monitoring of the electrical equipment in each power supply area; the
electrical dispatching center is set in the main control room of the control center.
Communication interface between ECMS in Power plant and the SCADA system in
alumina plant shall be reserved.

CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001 - 2 Design Criteria For Electrical Engineering

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001 - 2 Design Criteria For Electrical Engineering

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1,000,000 TPA (EXPANDABLE) SMELTER GRADE

Consortium CHALIECO - PT PP (Persero) Tbk

2 01/6/2021 IFDD ZHM SY LCH

1 01/6/2021 IFDD ZHM SY LCH

0 05/12/2020 IFDD ZHM SY LCH

B 13/7/2020 IFR ZHM SY LCH

A 20/2/2020 IFR ZHM SY LCH

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DOCUMENT NO : CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001

REVISION CONTROL SHEET

REV.NO. DATE DESCRIPTION

A 20/2/2020 1st Issued

B 13/7/2020 Add Equipment parameters

B 13/7/2020 Modification process description

0 05/12/2020 Issued for detailed design

Add type of lightning protection materials (galvanized steel)

1 01/6/2021 Issued for detailed design

2 01/9/2021 Issued for detailed design

EXTERNAL ISSUE CHALIECO-INTERNAL ISSUE

PT BORNEO ALUMINA INDONESIA PROJECT MANAGER

PMC ENGINEERING MANAGER

PROJECT CONTROL MANAGER

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DOCUMENT NO : CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001

3.2 Main Abbreviation and Definition ..................................................................................................... 8

3.3 Reference drawing/document........................................................................................................... 9

4. Environmental Condition ....................................................................................................................... 9

4.2 Outdoor ............................................................................................................................................. 9

5. Design principles .................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Voltage Level .................................................................................................................................. 10

5.3 Electrical system structure .............................................................................................................. 11

5.4 Stable Operation ............................................................................................................................. 11

6.2 Dry type transformer ....................................................................................................................... 12

6.3 Synchronous Generator ................................................................................................................. 13

6.4 Generator Bus Duct ........................................................................................................................ 14

6.5 High Voltage Switchgear ................................................................................................................ 14

6.6 Low Voltage Switchgear ................................................................................................................. 14

6.7 Motor ............................................................................................................................................... 15

6.8 Current limiting reactor ................................................................................................................... 15

6.9 UPS Power ..................................................................................................................................... 15

6.10 DC Power Systems ...................................................................................................................... 16

6.11 Low Voltage MCC (Motor Control Centre) ................................................................................... 16

6.12 Variable Frequency Drives ........................................................................................................... 16

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DOCUMENT NO : CAS1969-2G00-31-110-001

6.13 Power Sockets in Buildings .......................................................................................................... 16

6.14 Sockets For Welding and Convenient Outlet ............................................................................... 17

6.15 Disconnecting Switch ................................................................................................................... 17

6.16 Local Control Panel ...................................................................................................................... 17

6.16.1 Button box ........................................................................................................................ 17

6.16.2 Push Button Assemblies .................................................................................................. 17

6.17 Outdoor Junction Boxes ............................................................................................................... 18

6.18 Package Equipment ..................................................................................................................... 18

6.19 Capacitor Banks ........................................................................................................................... 18

6.20 Hazardous area division and corresponding equipment selection ............................................... 18

7. Design Calculations and Studies ........................................................................................................ 20

8.2 Normal Mode .................................................................................................................................. 21

8.3 Maintenance Mode ......................................................................................................................... 21

8.4 Emergency Mode ........................................................................................................................... 21

8.5 Black start facility ............................................................................................................................ 22

8.6 Diesel generator ............................................................................................................................. 22

9. Power distribution and substations .................................................................................................... 23

9.2 Temperature of Substation ............................................................................................................. 23

9.3 Doors, Windows and Wall Penetrations ......................................................................................... 23

9.4 Building Sizing and Equipment Arrangement ................................................................................. 23