I

NVESTIGATI
ON
PROJECTON L
ASCORBICACID

Chemi
str
yPr
oject

Page1
 Thi
sPhot
obyUnknownAut
hor

I
NDEX:
1.
AIM
2.
THEORY
3.
STRUCTURE
4.
CHEMI
STRY
5.
USES
6.
REQUI
REMENTS
7.
PROCEDURE
8.
RESULT

Page2
 9.
CONCLUSI
ON

Page3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Iam ext
remelygratef
ultoMrs.Indi
raBelsare
madam, t
eacherofDepartmentofChemi st
ry,f
or
herabl
eguidanceandusefulsuggesti
ons,which
helpmeincompl et
ingtheproj
ectwork,ontime.

Iwouldalsol
iketothankal ltheteachi
ngandnon-
teachi
ngstaffofChemi strydepartmentwho
helpedmedi r
ectlyorindi
rectl
yint hecomplet
ionof
t
hisproject.

Final
ly
,yetimportant
ly,
Iwoul dli
ket oexpressmy
heart
fel
tthankst omybel ovedparentsforthei
r
blessi
ng,myf r
iends/classmat esforthei
rhelpand
wi
shesforthesuccessfulcompl eti
onofthis
project.

Page4
 AI
M

Tost
udyandcal
cul
atet
hecont
entofascor
bicaci
dindi
ff
erentci
tr
usf
rui
ts.

THEORY

Vit
ami nCorL- ascor bicaci dinfr
uitsisawat er-solublecar bohydrateli
kesubst ance
i
nv ol
vedi nacertainmet abolicprocessofani mals.Al thoughmostoft heanimal scan
synthesisvit
aminC, iti
snecessar yinthedietofsomei ncludingmenandot her
pri
mat es.Inordert oprev entscurvy,diseasechar acterizedbyhemor r
hageespeci al
ly
i
nski nandmucousmembr anesv i
tamincwasi dent i
fiedasacur at
iveagentf or
scurvyin1928, t
henameascor bicacidisder i
vedf rom t heexpressionanaisear bati
c
vi
tami n,r
eferr
ingt ov i
tami n’sabil
it
yt opreventandt ocur vescurvy.Fi
rstisol
at edin
1928byHungar ianbi ochemi standNobel pri
zewi nnerAl bertSeentCeyorghi.Vitamin
chasbeent heobj ectofcont i
nuedact i
velaboratoryr esear chtodeterminethe
specifi
cmechani sm ofact ionofcel l
s.

STRUCTURE

Ascor bicaci d(AA)isasi mplesugar .I

tist hemostact i
ver educingagentknownt o
occurnat urall
yinliv
ingtissuesandi seasi l
yr ev
ersi
blyoxidizedt oDehy droascorbi
c
acid(DHA) .AAisawhi tecrystall
inesubst ance,whenindr ylightair.I
tisequally
solubleinwat erandeasi l
yoxidizedespeci allyi
nalkal
inemedi um andexposet oheat
andlight,itreactswithmet al
s,par t
icul
arlycopper.Iti
sfairl
ysol ubleincol dacid
soluti
on.Thought hefir
ststagei nitsoxidationtoDHAi srev ersable,oxidati
onto
Diketo-gulnicacidcannotber eversed.

L-
Ascor
bicaci
d:

Page5
 CHEMI
STRY
1.
Aci
dit
y

Ascor bicacid,theformulaofwhichC₆ H₈O₆ ,

behav esasav i
nyl
oguescar boxyl
i
cacid,
wherei ndoublebond( “vi
ny l
”)t
ransmitselectronpairbet
weent hehydroxyland
carboxyl.Therearet woresonancestruct
ur ef ort
hedeprotonat
ionform,diff
eri
ngin
thepositionofthedoubl ebond.Anotherwayt ol
ookatascorbi
cacidistoconsiderit
asanenol .Thedeprotonatedfrom i
sanenol ate,
whichisusuall
ystrongbasic.
Howev er,adjacentdoublebondst abi
li
zest hedepr ot
onatedfor
m.

2.
Taut
omer
ism

Ascorbicacidisrapidl
ybeingconvert
sintotwounst abl
ediketonetautomersby
protontransf
er,alt
houghitismoststableinenolform.Theprotonoft heenoli
slost
,
reacquir
edbyel ectr
onsintheform ofdoublebond, t
oproduceadi ket
one.Iti
san
enol r
eacti
ontherear et
wopossibleform:1,2-
diketoneand1,3-di
ketone.

3.
Det
ermi
nat
ion

Theconcent
rat
ionoft
hesolubl
eofascor
bicaci
dcanbedeterminedi
nmanyway
s;
themostcommonwayi nv
olvesti
tr
ati
onwit
hanoxidat
ionagent
.

4.
Iodi
ne

Anothermet
hodi
nvolvi
ngusi
ngiodi
neandstarchindi
cator
,wherei
niodinereact
s
wit
hascorbi
caci
d,andwhenall
theascor
bicacidhasreacted,
thei
odineisexcess,

Page6
 thenformingablueandblackcompl exwithst
archindi
cator.Thi
sindicatestheend
pointoftheti
trat
ion.Asanal
ternati
veascorbi
cacidcanber eact
edwi thiodinei
n
excess,fol
lowedwi t
hsodi
um thiosul
phatewhil
eusingstarchasindicator.

5.
Iodi
neandi
odat
e

Theabov emethodi
nvolvi
ngiodi
nerequi
resmakingupandstandar
dizi
ngthei
odi
ne
solut
ion.Onewayaroundthi
sistogenerat
eiodi
neinpr
esenceofascorbi
caci
dbythe
react
ionofiodat
eandiodi
deioninacidsol
uti
on.

USES

Ascor bicaci diseasi l

yoxi di
zedandsoi dsusedasar educt anti
nphot ographi c
developersol uti
onsamongstet herandasapr eservative.Exposur etooxy gen,
met als,li
ght s,andheatdest roysascorbicacid,soitmustbest oreddar k,coldandnot
met alcont ainer.TheL- enant i
omerofascor bi
cacidisknownasv it
aminC.Thename
‘
ascor bic’comesf rom i
tspr opert
yt opreventi
ngandcur ingscur vy.Pri
mat es
i
ncludi nghumansandf ewot herspeciesandi ft
hesameani malkingdom, notablethe
guineapi g, havel osttheabi l
ityt
osy nthesisascorbi
caci d, andmustobt ainthei rf
ood.
Ascor bicandi t
ssodi um, potassium, cal
cium salt
sandt huscannotpr otectf atsfrom
antioxidantsf oodaddi t
ives.Thesecompoundsar ewat ersol ubleandt huscannot
protectf at
sf r
om oxi dati
on.Fort hispurpose,thefat-solubleestersofascor bicacid
withlongchai nf attyacidcanbeusedasf oodant i
oxidant s.80%ofwor l
d’ssuppl yof
ascor bicaci dispr oducedi nchina.

REQUI
REMENT

 Wat
er

 St
arch

 I
odi
ne(
sol
i
d)

 Lemonj
uice

Page7
  Or
angej
uice

 Gooseber
ryj
uice

 Bur
ett
e

 Pi
pet
te

 Coni
cal
flaskst
andar
d

 Bunsenbur
ner

 Musl
i
ncl
oth

PROCEDURE

1.Wei
ght0.
254gofsol
i
diodi
neandpouri
nadr
ybeaker
.

2.Add4gofsol
i
dpot
assi
um i
odi
de.

3.Thenadddi
sti
l
ledwat
ert
hendi
ssol
vei
odi
neandpot
assi
um i
odi
dei
nit
.

4.Transfert
issoluti
ontoclean100ml v
olumetr
icf
laskandpreparerequi
red
quantit
ybyaddi ngdi
sti
l
ledwat ert
hatwasaddedtomake100ml odiodide
solut
ion.I
nthiswayanot her100mlofiodi
nesol
uti
onisprepared.Thi
ssoluti
on
hasamol ari
tyof1M.

5.Nowastarchsolut
ioni
spreparedbyaddi
ngaspat
ulaofst
archt
o100ml
of
wat
ersubsequentl
yboi
li
ngit.

6.Thef
rui
tar
eext
ract
edandf
il
ter
edusi
ngmusl
i
ncl
oth.

OBSERVATI
ONTABLE

1)Lemonj
uice:

Page8
 Cal
cul
ati
on
M1=?
V1=12.
8ml
M2=1M
V2=10ml
M1V1=M2V2
M1×12.
8=1×10
M1=10/
12.
8
M1=0.
78125‬M
.̇.mol
ari
tyi
s0.
78125‬M
⸰
Str
engt
h=mol
ari
ty×mol
armass
=0.
78125‬ 176
Ther
efor
e,st
rengt
h=13.
72g/
l

2)Or
angej
uice:
Sr
.no Vol
ume Vol
umeof Vol
umeof Concor
dant

Page9
 ofpipet
te bur
ett
e(i
nit
ial
)(
ml) bur
ett
e(f
inal
)(
ml) r
eadi
ng(
ml)
(ml)

01 10 0 16.
3

02 10 0 16.
3 16.
3

03 10 0 16.
2

Cal
cul
ati
on:
M1=?
V1=16.
3
M2=1ml
V2=10M
M1×V1=M2×V2
M1×16.
3=1×10M
.̇.mol
ari
tyi
sM1=0.
613M
St
rengt
h=mol
ari
ty×mol
armass
=0.
613×176
Ther
efor
e,st
rengt
h=10.
788g/
l

Page10
 3)Gooseber
ry-
jui
ce:
Sr
.no.Vol
umeof Volumeof Vol
umeof Concordant
pi
pett
e(ml
) bur
ett
e(i
nit
ial
)(
ml) pi
pett
e(f
inal
)(
ml) readi
ng(ml)

01 10 0 32.
9

02 10 0 32.
5 32.
5

03 10 0 32.
5

Cal
cul
ati
on:
M1=?
V1=32.
5
M2=1ml
V2=10M
M1×V1=M2×V2
M1×32.
5=1×10M
.̇.mol
ari
tyi
sM1=0.
307M
St
rengt
h=mol
ari
ty×mol
armass
=0.
307×176
Ther
efor
e,st
rengt
h=54.
15g/
l

Page11
 RESULT
Thef
oll
owi
ngar
etheper
cent
ageofascor
bicaci
dtov
ari
ousci
tr
usf
rui
ts
1)Lemonj
uice=13.
72%
2)
Orangej
uice=10.
788%
3)
Gooseber
ryj
uice=54.
015%

CONCLUSI
ON
theper
centageofascorbi
cacidwasf oundtolessi
nlemonjui
ceand
moreinGooseberr
yjuice.Herest
archsolut
ionwasaddedtothefrui
t
j
uices,
beforedoi
ngtit
rati
onduetowhi chsomeoft hef
rui
tjui
cecontent
star
chandpermanentcompl exwasformedwhi chcoul
dnotbeoxidi
z e.

Page12
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