1. Building block of nucleic acid 5.

Genetic information is transferred

without phosphate group is from parents to offspring in the
known as; form of;
a) chromatin
a) Nucleotide
b) DNA single stranded
b) RNA c) RNA
c) DNA d) NONE of these
d) None of these 6. Process of conversion of DNA to
2. Biological molecule found in mRNA is known as;
nucleus, responsible for storage a) Translation
and expression of genetic b) Transcription
c) Both a&b
information;
d) None of these
a) Nucleoside 7. In RNA all nitrogenous bases are
b) Nucleic acid present except;
c) DNA a) Cytosine
d) RNA b) Thymine
3. Building block of nucleic acid c) Uracil
consist of sugar, phosphate group d) None of these
8. Building blocks of all nucleic acid
and nitrogenous base;
contains;
a) Nucleoside a) 5-carbon sugar
b) Nucleotide b) A phosphate group
c) DNA c) Nitrogenous base
d) RNA d) All of these
4. All information that contain; 9. RNA contain all nitrogenous bases
except;
nucleic acid is in the form of
a) Uracil
Which of following is not related
b) Thymine
to nitrogenous base. c) Adenine
a) Thymine d) All of these
b) Uracil
c) Phosphate group
d) 5-carbon sugar
10.Double stranded coiled nucleic 16.Which characteristic is controlled
acid is; by DNA
a) DNA a) Response to external agent
b) RNA
b) Regulation of proteins
c) tRNA
d) None of these c) Regulation of RNA and
11.RNA in human cells is present in; ribosome
a) Outside the nucleus d) All of above
b) Inside the nucleus 17.Physical and chemical properties
c) Both a&b of an organism depend upon;
d) None of these a) RNA
12.DNA is present in cell nucleus in
b) DNA
the form of;
a) Chromosomes c) Ribosomes
b) Genes d) None of these
c) RNA 18._______ RNA is responsible for
d) None of these transfer of amino acid in protein
13. 5-carbon sugar in RNA is; synthesis;
a) Ribose a) mRNA
b) Laevulose b) tRNA
c) Cellulose c) rRNA
d) None of these d) All above
14.Which pair of nitrogenous base is 19.All information from DNA is
different in RNA and DNA; copied in form of ______ RNA;
a) Uracil and thymine a) mRNA
b) Adenine and guanine b) tRNA
c) Thymine and guanine c) rRNA
d) None of these d) All above
15.Which type of nucleic acid is singal 20._______ RNA directs the directs
starnd; the translation of mRNA into
a) DNA protein;
b) Ribosomes a) mRNA
c) RNA b) tRNA
d) All of above c) rRNA
d) none of these
21.Genetic information is transferred
from nucleus to cytoplasm in the 24.Building blocks of all nucleic acid
form of; contains;
a) chromatin a) 5-carbon sugar
b) DNA single stranded b) A phosphate group
c) RNA c) Nitrogenous base
d) NONE of these d) All of these
22.Process of conversion of DNA to 25.RNA contain all nitrogenous bases
mRNA is known as; except;
a) Translation a) Uracil
b) Transcription b) Thymine
c) Both a&b c) Adenine
d) None of these d) All of these
23.In RNA all nitrogenous bases are
present except;
a) Cytosine
b) Thymine
c) Uracil
d) None of these
Answer the following questions
1. Write down the components nucleus acid or nucleotides.
2. Define nucleic acid?
3. What is difference between DNA and RNA?
4. What are the functions of DNA?
5. What are types of RNA?
6. Define Translation and Transcription

1. Write down the components nucleus acid or nucleotides.

 A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. A nucleotide is made up
of three parts that are attached by bonds. The three parts are a phosphate group,
a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.

Phosphate group

The phosphate group is made up of a phosphorus atom with four negatively

charged oxygen atoms attached to it.

5-carbon sugar

The 5-carbon sugar (known as a pentose) includes ribose and deoxyribose,

which are present in nucleic acid. Both ribose and deoxyribose have five carbon
atoms and one oxygen atom. Attached to the carbon atoms are hydrogen atoms
and hydroxyl groups.

In ribose sugar, there are hydroxyl groups attached to the second and third
carbon atoms. In deoxyribose sugar, there is a hydroxyl group attached to the
third carbon atom, but only a hydrogen atom is attached to the second carbon
atom.

Nitrogen base

The nitrogen molecule acts as a base in nucleic acid because it can give
electrons to other molecules and create new molecules through this process. It
can bind to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules to create ring structures.

Ring structures come in single rings (pyrimidines) and double rings (purines).
Pyrimidines include thymine, cytosine, and uracil. Purines include adenine and
guanine. Purines are larger than pyrimidines, and their size differences help to
determine their pairings in DNA strands.

Define nucleic acid?

Nucleic acid is large biomolecule, essential for all known forms of life found
in the nucleus of the cell and responsible for storage and expression of
genetic information. Nucleic acid is found in two forms DNA
 (deoxyribonucleic acid) and (ribonucleic acid) are made up of monomers
known as nucleotides.

2. What is difference between DNA and RNA?

There are following differences that distinguish DNA from RNA
1. RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar
deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom)

2. RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.

3. Unlike DNA, most RNA molecules are single-stranded and can adopt very
complex three-dimensional structures.

3. What are the functions of DNA?

4. What are types of RNA?
The three most well-known and most commonly studied are messenger
RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are
present in all organisms.

In protein synthesis, mRNA carries genetic codes from the DNA in

the nucleus to ribosomes, the sites of protein translation in the cytoplasm.

rRNAs combine with proteins and enzymes in the cytoplasm to form ribosomes,
which act as the site of protein synthesis. These complex structures travel along
the mRNA molecule during translation and facilitate the assembly of amino acids
to form a polypeptide chain. They interact with tRNAs and other molecules that
are crucial to protein synthesis.

tRNAs are an essential component of translation, where their main function is the
transfer of amino acids during protein synthesis. Therefore, they are called
transfer RNAs.

5. Define Translation and Transcription

Transcription

Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it
directs the synthesis of the protein

. Translation
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to
a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.