Need to Remember

Ellipsoidal Head

 Ellipsoidal head (Elliptical 2:1) Means height of the head is quarter of the diameter (H= D/4)
 Thickness of the head approximately equal to the thickness of the shell
 Knuckle radius of 0.17D & Crown Radius of 0.90D
 ts/L ≥0.002 Formula needs to be used to determine the thickness, If ts/L ≤0.002 rule
Mandatory Appendix-1, 1-4(f) shall also be met.
 The rule 1-4(f) not only used to calculate the thickness, calculated to avoid internal pressure
instability or yield failure in the corner transition zone of ellipsoidal & Torispherical head

Torispherical (or) Flanged and Dished Head

 ts/L ≥0.002 Formula needs to be used to determine the thickness, If ts/L ≤0.002 rule
Mandatory Appendix-1, 1-4(f) shall also be met.
 Inorder to ensure ts/L ≥0.002, Need to calculate “L” for that need to refer UG-32(b), as per
that L- Inside crown radius
 Knuckle radius greater than 6% of Internal crown radius.
 Knuckle radius greater than 3 times of dished head thickness.
 Inside crown radius less than or equal to outer radius of head
 Dished head thickness approximately equal to 1.77 times of thickness

Hemispherical Head

 When the thickness of the head does not exceed 0.356L or P does not exceed 0.665SE
 Usually cannot formed from a single flat plate/sheet, lieu made from welded plates

Shell Formula
t = PR/SE-0.6P
or
Cylindrical
P= SEt/R+0.6t

t = PR/SE-0.2P
Spherical or
P= 2SEt/D+0.2t
Formed Head Formula Notes
t = PD/2SE-0.2P  D=D+2CA(corrosión Allowance)
or  Head Thickness ≈ Shell
Ellipsoidal or Elliptical 2:1
P= 2SEt/D+0.2t Thickness

t = 0.855PL/SE-0.1P  L=D+CA(corrosión Allowance)

Torispherical or Flanged and or  Head Thickness 1.77 x Shell
Dished Head P= SEt/0.885L+0.1t Thickness

t = PL/2SE-0.2P  D=D+CA(corrosión Allowance)

or  Head Thickness less than or
Hemispherical Head
P= 2SEt/L+0.2t equal to Shell Thickness

Interpretation
 Cylindrical Shell thickness ≈ Ellipsoidal dished head
 Spherical shell thickness≈ Hemispherical dished head
 Torispherical dished head thickness≈1.75 x cylindrical shell thickness