EIM-CBLM-Core 1 2 & 3

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Sector : ELECTRICAL
Qualification Title : ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND

MAINTENANCE NC II
Unit of Competency : PERFORM ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES, WIRING AND

CABLING WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION,
POWER, LIGHTING AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
Module Title : PERFORMING ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES, WIRING

AND CABLING WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING AND AUXILIARY
SYSTEMS
SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

LUCENA CAMPUS
Brgy. Dupay, Lucena, Lucena City
Quezon Province 4301
Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

EIM Date Revised: Issued by:
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Inaanuran,
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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
WELCOME!
The unit of competency “PERFORM ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES,
WIRING AND CABLING WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION,
POWER, LIGHTING AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS”, is one of the core
competencies of ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II,
a course which comprises the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a TVET
trainee.
The module, competency “PERFORMING ROUGHING-IN

ACTIVITIES, WIRING AND CABLING WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS”,
contains training materials and activities related to identifying learner’s requirements,
preparing session plan, preparing basic instructions, skills and attitudes required to
complete the competency.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities
to complete each of the learning outcomes. In each learning outcome, Learning
Elements and Reference Materials are available for further reading to assist you in the
required activities. You are expected to accomplish all the required activities and to
answer the self-check after each learning element. Please note that you need to pass
all the required assessments to proceed to the next activity or session. You must
obtain answer sheets, which are available from your trainer or at the end of each
learning element, to reflect answers for each self-check. If you have questions, please
do not hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may have acquired some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
learning material because you have:
 Actual experience on the job.
 Already completed training in this area.

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Remember to:
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize your training on
the particular unit. Read through Competency Based Learning Material
carefully. It is divided into sections which cover all the skills and knowledge
you need to successfully complete.
 Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor. He / She will be there
to support and show you the correct way to do things. Ask for help if you need
any assistance.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider
when doing the activities. It is important for you to listen and take notes.
 You will have plenty of opportunities to ask questions and undergo rigid
practice. This will help you in achieving competency in your new skills.
Ample practice will also improve your speed, memory and confidence.
 Talk with more experienced colleagues and ask for guidance.
 Answer self-checks at the end of each section to test your own progress.
 When you finished each element and feel that you are ready, demonstrate the
activities outlined in the learning material to your trainer.
 As your work through the activities, your trainer will be taking note of your
performance. He / She will be providing feedback on your progress. Your
readiness for assessment will be reflected in his/her report, if and when you
have successfully completed each eement.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency
before moving to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be
awarded to you after passing the evaluation.

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CORE COMPETENCY
“PERFORMING ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES, WIRING AND CABLING
WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING
AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS”
(70 Hours)
Assessment Nominal
Unit of Learning Methodologies
Competency Outcomes Methods Duration
1. Perform 1.1 Install  Lecture  Written test or 16 hours
roughing- in, electrical  Demonstration examination
wiring and metallic  Modular  Direct
cabling works /non- (self-paced) observation and
for single- metallic  Dualized- questioning
phase (PVC training  Demonstration
distribution, conduit)  PowerPoint/
(able to impart
power, lighting Video knowledge and
and auxiliary presentation skills)
systems
 Project method
 Practical Lab/
Exercises
1.2 Install wire  Lecture  Written test or 16 hours
ways and  Demonstration examination
cable tray  Modular  Direct
(self-paced) observation and
 Dualized- questioning
training
 Demonstration
 PowerPoint/
(able to impart
Video
knowledge and
presentation
skills)
 Project method
 Practical Lab/
Exercises
1.3 Install  Lecture  Written test or 12 hours
auxiliary  Demonstration examination
terminal  Modular  Direct
cabinet and (self-paced) observation and
distribution  Dualized- questioning
panel training  Demonstration
 PowerPoint/
(able to impart
Video knowledge and
presentation skills)
 Project method
 Practical Lab/

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Exercises
1.4 Prepare  Lecture  Written test or 6 hours

for cable  Demonstration examination
pulling  Modular  Direct
and (self-paced) observation and
installation  Dualized- questioning
training
Demonstration
PowerPoint/ Video
(able to impart
Presentation
knowledge and
skills)
Practical Lab/
Exercises
1.5 Perform  Lecture  Written test or 16 hours

wiring and  Demonstration examination
cabling  Modular  Direct
lay out (self paced) observation and
training  Demonstration
 Group (able to impart
discussion knowledge and
 PowerPoint/ Video skills)
presentation
 Project method
 Practical Lab/
Exercises
1.6 Notify  Lecture  Written test or 4 hours
completio  Demonstration examination
n of work  Modular  Direct
 Group discussion questioning
 Demonstration
(able to impart
knowledge and
skills)
 Practical Lab/
Exercises

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2. Install electrical 2.1 Plan and  Lecture  Written test or 8 hours

protective devices prepare  Demonstratio n examination
for distribution, work  Modular  Direct
power, lighting, (self-paced) observation and
auxiliary, lightning  Dualized- questioning
protection and training  Demonstration
grounding systems  Group (able to impart
 PowerPoint/ skills)
Video
presentation

electrical  Demonstration examination
protective  Modular  Direct
devices (self-paced) observation and
Video  Project method
presentation  Practical Lab/
Exercises
2.3 Install lighting  Lecture  Written test or 16 hours
fixture and  Demonstration examination
auxiliary  Modular  Direct
outlet (self-paced) observation and
training
 Demonstration
presentation
 Practical Lab/
Exercises

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completion of  Demonstration examination
work  Modular  Direct
skills)
 Practical Lab/
Exercises
3. Install wiring 3.1 Select  Lecture  Written test or 4 hours
devices of wiring  Demonstration examination
floor and wall devices  Modular  Direct
mounted (self-paced) observation and
outlets,  Dualized- questioning
lighting training  Demonstration
fixtures/switch  Group (able to impart
es and discussion knowledge and
auxiliary  PowerPoint/ skills)
outlets Video  Project method
Exercises
wiring  Demonstration examination
devices  Modular  Direct
training
 Demonstration
presentation
 Practical Lab/
Exercises
lighting  Demonstration examination
fixtures/switc  Modular  Direct
hes (self-paced) observation and

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Exercises
completion  Demonstration examination
of work  Modular  Direct
skills)
 Practical Lab/
Exercises
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II
CORE COMPETENCIES:
Units of Competency Module Title Code
1. Perform roughing- 1.1 Performing roughing-in, ELC741301

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in, wiring and wiring and cabling works for

cabling works for single-phase distribution, power,
single-phase lighting and auxiliary systems
distribution, power,
lighting and auxiliary
systems
2. Install electrical 2.1 Installing electrical ELC741302
protective devices for protective devices for
distribution, power, distribution, power, lighting,
lighting, auxiliary, auxiliary, lightning
lightning protection and protection and grounding
grounding systems systems
3. Install wiring devices 3.1 Installing wiring devices of ELC741303
of floor and wall floor and wall mounted
mounted outlets, outlets, lighting
lighting fixtures/switches and
fixtures/switches and auxiliary outlets
auxiliary outlets
INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM ROUGHING IN ACTIVITIES,

WIRING, AND CABLING WORKS FOR
SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION,

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POWER, LIGHTING, AND

AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING ROUGHING IN

ACTIVITIES, WIRING, AND CABLING
WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING
AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes on installing electrical metallic and
non-metallic conduit, wire ways and cable
clamp, auxiliary terminal cabinet and
distribution frame panel board/safety switch
and used in roughing-in based on the required
performance standards. This unit also covers
the outcomes required in preparing for cable
pulling and installation, performing wiring and
cabling lay-out and notifying completion of
work for single-phase distribution, power,
lighting and auxiliary systems.
NOMINAL DURATION : 70 hours
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
After completing this module, trainees/students will have the following skills:
LO1. Installing electrical metallic/non-metallic (PVC conduit).
LO2. Installing wire ways and cable trays.
LO3. Installing auxiliary terminal cabinets and distribution panels.
LO4. Preparing for cable pulling and installation.
LO5. Performing wiring and cabling layout.
LO6. Notifying completion of work.
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY NUMBER 1.1.1

LO1. INSTALL ELECTRICAL METALLIC /NON- METALLIC
(PVC CONDUIT)
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

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1. Correct drawings are interpreted based on job requirements

2. Correct quantities of conduit, fittings and accessories are determined
as per job requirements
3. Tools and equipment are selected as per job requirements
4. Conduit is assembled ensuring that fittings are fully inserted
and tightened as per job requirements
5. Conduit is bent with bends not exceeding 90° as per job requirements
6. Conduit couplings and elbows are installed as per job requirements
7. Conduit is threaded in line with job requirements
8. Safety procedures are followed in line with standard operating
procedures (SOPs.)
CONDUITS:
 Interpret electrical wiring diagrams and mechanical drawings

 Identify proper usage and types of conduits and fittings in electrical
installation.
 Identify the technique of installation and bending of conduit and fitting.
 Apply proper usage of safety harnesses.
 Interpret plan and details drawing.
 Practice proper handling of materials, tools, and equipment
 Practice procedure in proper bending of conduits
 Practice procedure in Installing conduits
 Perform the installation economically
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Tools and Equipment
o Lineman’s pliers
o Long nose pliers
o Diagonal cutting pliers
o Set of screw driver
o Claw hammer
o Hacksaw
o Measuring tools
o Pipe vise
o Pipe cutter
o reamer
o Simulated workplace/wiring booth
o Ladder
 Materials
o Electrical metallic conduits

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o lock nuts, bushing, adapters

o fastening devices
o Conduit supports
 Learning Materials
o Learning elements
o Manuals
o Books and
o Philippine Electrical Code/National Electrical Code,
Latest Edition
METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture
 Demonstration
 Modular (self paced)
 Dualized-training
 PowerPoint/Video presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Written test or examination
 Direct observation and questioning
 Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)
 Project method
 Practical Lab/ Exercises
INFORMATION SHEET NUMBER 1.1.1:

INTERPRET ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS AND MECHANICAL
DRAWINGS

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CIRCUIT DRAWINGS AND WIRING DIAGRAMS

Description:
Successfully performing electrical work requires the ability to read and interpret many
different types of drawings and diagrams. Understanding circuit symbols and
components is another one of the basic building blocks needed to become an
electrician. If an electrician misinterprets a drawing or diagram when wiring a house,
devices could be incorrectly installed or even missed altogether. Knowing how to
properly take information from an electrical drawing or diagram and apply it to the
real world is essential for electricians.
Block diagram: a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions
are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks.
Figure 1—Block diagram

Line diagram: a one-line diagram or single-line diagram is a simplified
notation for representing an electrical system. The one-line diagram is similar
to a block diagram except that electrical elements such as switches, circuit
breakers, transformers, and capacitors are shown by standardized schematic
symbols.
Figure 2—One-line diagram

Circuit drawing (diagram): a simplified conventional graphical
representation of an electrical circuit

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SYMBOL LEGEND
21 mm Duplex receptacle
Single-pole switch
1×4
fluorescent
21 mm
Electrical
panel
EMT run
Armoured cable
run (B/X)
12' 4x4 junction box
Figure 3—Circuit drawing

Pictorial diagram: a diagram that represents the elements of a system using
abstract, graphic drawings or realistic pictures.
Schematic diagram: a diagram that uses lines to represent the wires and
symbols to represent components. It is used to show how the circuit
functions.
Figure 4—Schematic diagram

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Wiring diagram
A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial representation of an

electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes,
and the power and signal connections between the devices.
A wiring diagram usually gives information about the relative position and
arrangement of devices and terminals on the devices, to help in building or
servicing the device. This is unlike a schematic diagram, where the
arrangement of the components' interconnections on the diagram usually does
not correspond to the components' physical locations in the finished device. A
pictorial diagram would show more detail of the physical appearance,
whereas a wiring diagram uses a more symbolic notation to emphasize
interconnections over physical appearance.
A wiring diagram is often used to troubleshoot problems and to make sure
that all the connections have been made and that everything is present.
Wiring diagram (or pictorial): a simplified conventional pictorial

representation of an electrical circuit. It shows the components of
the circuit as simplified shapes, and how to make the connections
between the devices. A wiring diagram usually gives more
information about the relative position and arrangement of
devices
and terminals on the devices.
Figure 5—Wiring diagram

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SELF CHECK 1.1-1
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:
1. Block diagram
2. Line diagram
3. Pictorial diagram
4. Schematic diagram
5. Wiring diagram

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-1
1. Block diagram: a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions

are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the
blocks
2. Line diagram: a one-line diagram or single-line diagram is a simplified

notation for representing an electrical system.
3. Pictorial diagram a diagram that represents the elements of a system using

abstract, graphic drawings or realistic pictures
4. Schematic diagram: a diagram that uses lines to represent the wires and
symbols to represent components. It is used to show how the circuit functions.
5. Wiring diagram: a simplified conventional pictorial representation of an

electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes,
and how to make the connections between the devices. A wiring diagram
usually gives more information about the relative position and arrangement of
devices and terminals on the devices

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IDENTIFY PROPER USAGE AND TYPES OF CONDUITS, FITTINGS IN
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
Conduits and Fittings
An electrical conduit is a pipe, tube, or other means in which electrical wires are
installed for protection from the elements or accidental damage. Much like plumbing,
the conduit's fittings depend upon the type of pipe or tubing used. Navy construction
generally uses rigid, thin-wall, or flexible conduit.
Rigid Conduit
Rigid galvanized steel or aluminum conduit is made in 10-ft lengths, in sizes from 1/2
in. to 6 in. in diameter, threaded on both ends, with a coupling on one end.

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 An ordinary hacksaw or special wheel pipe cutter is used for cutting,

and a ratchet type of mechanical die is used for threading the cut ends.
 Bending can be done manually, using a bending tool commonly called a

hickey (Figure 10-22), or hydraulically. A hydraulic bender is recommended
for making smooth and accurate bends.
 Condulets are a convenient way of making bends on sharp corners
and reducing the number of bends made in a run of conduit,
especially in conduit intended for exposure to the elements.
 Another type of rigid conduit approved for use by NAVFAC is the polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) pipe. (Figure 10-23) Plastic conduit is especially suitable for
use in areas where corrosion of metal conduit is a problem.
Thin-Wall Conduit
Electric metallic tubing (EMT) or thin-wall conduit is a conduit with a wall
thickness much less than that of rigid conduit.

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 It is made in sizes from 1/2 to 2 in. in diameter.

 Thin-wall conduit cannot be threaded; therefore, special types of fittings are
used for connecting pipe to pipe and pipe to boxes
Flexible Conduit
Flexible conduit (called Greenfield) is a spirally wrapped metal band wound upon
itself and interlocking in such a manner as to provide a round cross section of high
mechanical strength and flexibility.
 It is used where rigid conduit would not be feasible. It requires no elbow

fittings.
 Greenfield is available in sizes from 1/2 to 3 in. in diameter and in two types:
the standard plain or unfinished-metal type and a moisture- resistant type
called sealtite, which has a plastic or latex jacket.
 The moisture-resistant type is not intended for general use but only for
connecting motors or portable equipment in damp or wet locations where
connection flexibility is needed.
Wire Connectors
A various type of connectors used to join or splice conductors.

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 The type used will depend on the type of installation and the wire size.
 Most connectors operate on the same principle, that of gripping or
pressing the conductors together.
 Wire nuts are used extensively for connecting insulated single conductors
(both solid and stranded) installed inside of buildings.
Outlet Boxes
 An outlet box is simply a metal (or plastic) container, set flush or nearly flush
with the wall, floor, or ceiling, into which an outlet receptacle or switch will
be inserted and fastened. Outlet boxes used in Navy construction are usually
made of galvanized steel. However, along with the increase of other plastic
materials in construction, nonmetallic boxes made of rigid plastic compounds
are being used for approved installation.
 Outlet boxes bind together the elements of a conduit or cable system in a
continuously grounded system. They also provide a means of holding conduit
in position, along with space and protection for mounted switches and
receptacles and working space for making splices and connections.
 Boxes can be round, octagonal, square, or rectangular.
Typical outlet boxes
Besides the boxes shown, special boxes called conduit gang boxes are made to
accommodate three, four, five, or six switches.
The NEC® requires outlet boxes be 1 1/2 in. deep except where the use of a box that
deep would result in injury to the building structure or is impractical. In such cases, a
box not less than 1/2 in. deep may be used. For switch boxes, 2 1/2-in. in depth is the
most widely used.
Also per NEC® requirements, outside edges of outlet and switch boxes
without flush plates cannot be recessed more than 1/4 in. below the
surface of the finished wall.
Receptacles

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Figure 10-28 — Common receptacles

A convenience outlet (Figure 10-28, View A) is a duplex receptacle with two vertical or T-
slots and a round contact for the ground. This ground is connected to the frame of the
receptacle and is grounded to the box by way of screws that secure the receptacle to the box.
A range receptacle (Figure 10-28, View B) may be either a surface type or a

flush type. It has two slanted contacts and one vertical contact and is rated at 50
A. Receptacles for clothes dryers are similar but are rated at 30 A. Range and
dryer receptacles are rated at 250 V and are used with three-wire, 115/230 V,
two hot wires and a neutral.
An air conditioner receptacle taking 230 V (Figure 10-28, View C) is
made with two horizontal slots and one round contact for the ground.
Strip receptacles (Figure 10-28, View D) used in the Navy allow movement
of the receptacle to any desired location. These strips are available in 3-ft and
6- ft lengths and may be used around the entire room. They are particularly
desirable with portable equipment or fixtures such as drafting tables and
audio-visual equipment. Exterior locations require special weatherproof
outlets to resist weather damage and minimize potential hazards from water
contacting the conductors.
Switches
For interior wiring, single-pole, three- or four-way toggle switches are used.
Most of the switches will be single-pole, but occasionally a three-way
system is installed, and on rare occasions, a four-way system.
single-pole switch is a one-blade, on-and-off switch that may be installed
singly or in multiples of two or more in a gang box.
In a three-way switch circuit there are two positions, either of which may be
used to turn a light ON or OFF.
The typical situation is one in which one switch is at the head of a stairway
and the other at the foot.
A four-way switch is an extension of a three-way circuit by the addition of a

four-way switch in the line between the two three-way switches. This allows
on/off switching from three locations.
Note that three- and four-way switches can be used as single-pole switches,
and four-way switches can be used as three-way switches. Some activities
may install all small-wattage, four-way switches for all lighting circuits to
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reduce their inventories.
However, three- and four-way switches are usually larger than single-pole
switches and take up more box room. The size of a switch depends
on its ampacity (related maximum amperage capacity). The ampacity and
maximum allowable voltage are stamped on the switch.
TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUITS

Galvanized Rigid Conduit or RMC
A conduit made from galvanized steel tubing is commonly referred as a rigid

conduit.
The thickness of a galvanized rigid conduit protects the electrical wiring

from being hit and allows it to be threaded. Galvanized rigid conduits are
used by electricians in commercial and industrial applications normally
available in 10 feet and 20 feet lengths. This type of electrical conduit is used
above grade and has threads on both ends with a coupling on one end.
The installation of Rigid Steel Conduit (RSC) is covered by Article

344 of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®). The rigid metallic conduit
can be treated to prevent corrosion by applying different coatings to the
conduit. It is the heaviest-weight and thickest wall conduit available in trade
sizes ½ through 6.
When to Use Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)?
Another example of a rigid electrical conduit is the EMT, also known as

Electrical Metallic Tubing. An EMT conduit is made of steel; in some cases,
aluminum is also used, cheaper than a galvanized rigid conduit and lighter
than a GR conduit.
EMT is also a very popular material in commercial and industrial buildings

because it can be bent to a specific radius and directions and it is thinner than
RMC. During recent years, EMT conduits have become popular in
residential construction as it provides an exterior corrosion resistance
surface.
Electrical Non-Metallic Tubing Applications
Electrical nonmetallic tubing is another example of electrical conduit made

of a thin-walled corrugated tubing, moisture-resistant and flame retardant.
The non-metallic electrical conduit can be bent by hand and can be easily
installed due to its flexible properties. However, fitting used to connect non-
metallic tubing are rigid and cannot be bent. If you are looking for a faster
installation and lower labor cost, this is the one to consider.

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Flexible Metallic Conduit or Liquid-tight Flexible Metal Electrical Conduit

(LFMC)
A flexible metallic conduit forms a hollow tube in which electrical wires are
passed. It is highly recommended in dry areas. The Flexible Metallic
Conduit also called greenfield of flex, does not maintain permanent bend and
it can be used where EMT is impractical to use. However, a liquid-tight
flexible metal conduit is covered by a plastic waterproof coating. Its
interior is very similar to the flexible metallic conduit. It is
recommended for use in general wiring, wet or damp locations. It can also be
used to direct burial; concrete embedded, and site lighting jobs.
Liquid-tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit
Liquid-tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (LNFC) is another term for a

number of flame resistant types of non-metallic tubing. This type of
electrical conduit is recommended as a raceway for the installation of
approved conductors with a nominal rating of 600 Volts or less for non-
hazardous locations. The interiors of this electrical conduit may be
corrugated or smooth.
Aluminum Electrical Conduits
An aluminum conduit is a rigid conduit commonly used in commercial and

industrial applications. These types of electrical conduits are used to prevent
corrosion and are the preferred conduit used in areas where large amounts of
water and corrosion-prone areas. Aluminum cannot be directly embedded in
concrete since the metal reacts with the alkalis in cement however it might
be protected with additional coatings to prevent concrete from affecting the
conduit.
It is normally used in concrete slabs or walls.
The Most Common of All Electrical Conduits
PVC is the lightest conduit material and usually the most affordable type of
conduit. PVC pipes can vary in thickness depending on the uses and where
the PVC will be installed. The PVC conduit resists moisture and corrosion
but the tubing is non-conductive an extra grounding conductor must be
passed into each conduit. PVC conduit has a higher thermal coefficient of
expansion allowing the conduit to expand and contract. Be aware the
installing PVC underground in multiple or parallel run configurations,
mutual heating might cause problems on cable performance.

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SELF CHECK 1.1-2
TEST I: ENUMERATE THE TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUIT

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-2
TEST I:
 Galvanized Rigid Conduit or RMC

 When to Use Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)?
 Electrical Non-Metallic Tubing Applications
 Flexible Metallic Conduit or Liquid-tight Flexible Metal Electrical Conduit
(LFMC)
 Liquid-tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit
 Aluminum Electrical Conduits
 The Most Common of All Electrical Conduits

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IDENTIFY TECHNIQUE OF INSTALLATION AND BENDING OF
CONDUIT AND FITTING
Electrical Metallic Tubing

Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) is called thin-wall conduit. EMT is not designed to
be threaded; therefore, it is connected length-to-length or to electrical boxes with
suitable compression or setscrew fittings. When installed correctly, EMT is used as an
effective equipment grounding conductor. See Figure 4-14
Electrical Metallic Tubing: Type EMT — Article 358
Locations Allowed Sizes Maximum Mounting Distance
Dry 1/2″ 3′
through
Wet

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Setscrew fitting Compression fitting
(coupling) (coupling)
Figure 4-14. These are various types of EMT fittings
Cutting conduit
The first step when cutting conduit is to secure it in a vise. This will help you make straighter
cuts and avoid broken blades. If a vise is not available, brace the conduit against a secure
surface such as a wall stud or a sawhorse. A hacksaw is normally used to cut all types of
conduit. A reciprocating saw outfitted with a metal-cutting blade is also used to cut conduit.
Either saw should be fitted with a blade having 18 to 24 teeth per inch for a clean cut. See
Figure 4-15
Tighten the pipe cutter Rotate the pipe cutter Repeat the first two steps
until it is snug. around the conduit. until the conduit breaks.
Hacksa Reciprocating
w saw

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Figure 4-16. A pipe cutter can be used to cut conduit.

Reaming conduit
The ends of a length of conduit must be smooth to prevent any damage to the wire’s
insulation. After cutting the conduit, use a reamer, round file, or a deburring tool to
remove the burrs. See Figure 4-17.
Bending metallic conduit

The purpose of bending conduit is to route it around corners and
over obstructions. There are numerous special manufactured fittings avail-
able that could be used to achieve similar routing, but field bends are
preferred. A field bend is a bend that is made on the construction site. This
generally saves time and is far more economical than installing fittings.
Most bends in EMT are made with a conduit bender. Always use the correct size
bender for the conduit you are bending. This tool is designed to create a bend with the
proper bend radius. The NEC lists the minimum radius of conduit bends in Chapter
9, Table 2.
Typical bends include stub (also known as stub-up), back-to-back, offset, and saddle.
The following sections will help you make these fundamental bends. Bending conduit
is an important skill you can master with practice
A pipe reamer mounted in a brace will quickly remove

any burrs. Insert the reamer into the conduit end and
rotate the reamer.

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Figure 4-17. The burr created by cutting must be removed, or it may

damage the insulation when pulling wires through the
conduit.
Burrs may be removed with metal files. Use a flat file to remove any burrs
on the outside of the conduit. Slide a round file in and out at a slight angle
while rotating the conduit.
Stub Bend
-brings a horizontal run of conduit up or down to an outlet box. Practicing
this basic bend will help you become familiar with the conduit bender.
1. Measure the height of the total bend. This is typically from the
bottom of the horizontal conduit to the bottom of an electrical box.
2. Take this distance and subtract the radius of the conduit bender.
The resulting number is the distance to mark from the end of the
conduit.
3. Place the conduit in the bender with this mark aligned to the
bender’s arrow.
4. Press down on the foot pedal of the bender (while guiding the handle
to keep the bend perpendicular to the floor) until the stub is 90°.
5. Use a torpedo level to confirm that the stub is vertical. See Figure 4-18.
Step 1 Step 2
Subtract 5″ from the total height of the Align the arrow of the bender
stub bend. This will be a 10″ stub. with the mark on the conduit.

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Step 3 Step 4
Apply pressure on the Stop bending the conduit
bender with your foot. when it reaches 90°.
Your hand should only
guide the direction of the bend.
Figure 4-18. Make a stub bend with a conduit bender and check it with a torpedo
level.
Back-to-Back Bend
A back-to-back bend produces two 90° bends on a single length of conduit. After the
bends are made, both ends of the conduit are pointing in the same direction.
1. Create the first bend by following the stub bend procedure.
2. Mark the distance from the outside of the first bend to the position
where the outside of the second bend should be.
3. Place the conduit into the bender so that the star point is aligned with
this mark.
4. Create the second bend.
5. Mark the conduit where the height of the second bend should be.
6. Cut the second bend at the mark. This is much more accurate than
trying to control the height prior to bending, as you would while
making a stub bend. See Figure 4-19
STEP 1
The distance between the
outside of both bends when
completed will be 40″.
Measure this
distance from
the outside of
the first bend
and mark
Step 2
Align the star of the bender
with the mark on the conduit

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Step 3
Apply pressure on the bender
with your foot. Your hand
should only guide the direction
of the bend.
Step 4
Stop bending the conduit when
it reaches 90°.
Step 5
Verify the distance from the

outside of both bends

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SELF CHECK 1.1-3
FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. The first step when cutting conduit is to secure it in a

vise. This will help you make straighter cuts and avoid broken blades. If a
vise is not available, brace the conduit against a secure surface such as a wall
stud or a sawhorse.
2. The ends of a length of conduit must be smooth to
prevent any damage to the wire’s insulation. After cutting the conduit, use a
reamer, round file, or a deburring tool to remove the burrs
3. The purpose of bending conduit is to route it around

corners and over obstructions. There are numerous special manufactured
fittings available that could be used to achieve similar routing, but field
bends are preferred.
_______________4. Is a bend that is made on the construction
site. This generally saves time and is far more economical than
installing fittings
5. Is a bend that is made on the construction

site. This generally saves time and is far more economical than
installing fittings

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-3
1. Cutting conduit
The first step when cutting conduit is to secure it in a vise. This will help you make
straighter cuts and avoid broken blades. If a vise is not available, brace the conduit
against a secure surface such as a wall stud or a sawhorse.
2. Reaming conduit
The ends of a length of conduit must be smooth to prevent any damage to the wire’s
insulation. After cutting the conduit, use a reamer, round file, or a deburring tool to
remove the burrs
3. Bending metallic conduit
The purpose of bending conduit is to route it around corners and over obstructions.
There are numerous special manufactured fittings avail-able that could be used to
achieve similar routing, but field bends are preferred.
4. A field bend is a bend that is made on the construction site. This generally
saves time and is far more economical than installing fittings.
5. Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) is called thin-wall conduit. EMT is not
designed to be threaded; therefore, it is connected length-to-length or to
electrical boxes with suitable compression or setscrew fittings

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APPLY PROPER USAGE OF SAFETY HARNESS
Workers must be able to:
 Identify potential fall hazards

 Determine which products to use in specific work environments
 Demonstrate proper anchoring procedures
 Inspect and maintain fall protection equipment
 Demonstrate procedures and the proper wearing of
fall protection equipment
The following is a suggested list of training objectives:
 Recognize fall hazards and eliminate the hazard where possible.

 Know the three parts of a fall arrest system: Anchorage, Body
Support, and Connection.
 Select the proper equipment for each application.
 Consider environmental and other workplace factors.
 Avoid incompatible connections to prevent snap hook roll-out
and/or burst-out. Determine and reduce free fall distances.
 Understand how to lower the maximum arresting force.
 Properly fit a harness.
 Select an appropriate anchor point.
 Implement a pre-determined rescue plan.
 Inspect and maintain equipment.
 Understand the limitations and requirements of the equipment.
 Understand the consequences of not following,
 or understanding manufacturer’s instructions

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Competent person is defined as “…one who is capable of identifying existing

and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are
unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization
to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.”
Qualified person is defined as “…one who, by possession of a recognized

degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge,
training and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve
or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the project.”
To cover variations in the definitions of a competent person in the field of

safety at heights, the person in this important role should meet these minimum
qualifications:
 Be able to identify existing or predictable hazardous or dangerous

conditions related to the workplace, work processes and the safety at
heights program.
 Be able to establish controls on identified existing or predictable fall

hazards according to the hierarchy of controls.
 Understand how to select, inspect, use, store and maintain personal
equipment for fall protection.
 Be able to identify existing or predictable hazardous or dangerous
conditions in a personal fall arrest system, and any component
thereof.
 Have the authority of take prompt corrective measures to control existing or
predictable fall hazards and unsafe fall protection equipment conditions.

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 Be able to train workers at risk of falling from heights in accordance with

standards and regulation.
 Apply a working knowledge of applicable standards and regulations.
COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM

There are three vital components
that make up a complete fall
protection system.
These are the ABC’s of fall protection:
Anchorage.
Body support.
Means of Connection.
Each one must be in place and

properly used to provide
maximum worker protection.
While each of these components is vital to
worker safety, the connecting
device is the critical link in
assembling a safe fall
protection system since it bears
the greatest force during a fall.
Careful consideration must be
given to the selection,
materials, construction and
inspection/maintenance of fall
Protection equipment before,
during and after a connecting
device has been selected.
ANCHORAGE
Defines anchorage as a fixed structural component such as a beam, girder,

column or floor that can support the forces exerted in arresting a fall and
introduces the term “anchorage connector” to refer to the component by
which the connecting device is coupled to the anchorage. It may be a beam
anchor, cross-arm strap, D-bolt, hook anchor, tripod, davit or other secure

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device that serves as a point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or

deceleration devices.
Anchorages and anchorage connectors must be independent and capable of

supporting 5,000 lb per employee attached, or designed, installed and used
under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall
arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at least two. They must also
be located high enough for a worker to avoid contact with a lower level
should a fall occur.
BODY SUPPORT
Body support, or body wear, is the component that is worn on or around the
torso. Body belts and full body harnesses are the two most common body
supports.
Body Belt
A body belt is a belt that circles the waist and is used for worker positioning and fall
prevention. A body belt may be supplied with D-rings on the hips and/or middle of
the back. A body belt must NEVER be used for personal fall arrest.
Full Body Harness

A full body harness is a body support device that distributes fall arrest forces across
the shoulders, thighs and pelvis. Full body harnesses have a center back fall arrest
attachment for connection to the fall arrest connecting device and may have other
D-rings for use in worker positioning, fall prevention, suspension or ladder climbing.
• The only form of body wear acceptable for fall arrest is the full -body harness.
• Full body harnesses should be selected based on work to be performed and the
work environment.
• Front D-rings on full body harnesses are used only for ladder-type fall
arrestors, work positioning, travel restraint or rescue. Side D-rings are for positioning
only.

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MEANS OF CONNECTION
The connecting subsystem is the critical link which joins the body wear to
the anchorage/ anchorage connector. It can be an energy-
absorbing lanyard, fall limiter, self-retracting
lan-yard, rope grab, or retrieval system.
Connecting means will vary depending on
whether the worker is equipped for personal
fall arrest or work positioning and travel
restriction.
Connecting Means for Personal Fall Arrest

The connecting means for personal fall arrest is
often a lanyard equipped with an energy-absorbing
element to reduce the energy transmitted to the
user’s body in the event of a fall. Self-retracting
lifelines or fall limiters reduce free-fall distance
as well as reducing energy loads from a fall. Go to
section 5.3 for guidance on calculating fall
clearance.
Connecting Means for Positioning and Travel Restriction
The connecting means for positioning and travel restriction is often a simple lanyard,
constructed of rope, web or wire rope. These may also include specialized positioning
assemblies for rebar work, constructed of chain or web. All positioning devices are
intended to reduce the potential for free fall to a distance of less than two feet.
Restraint lanyards are specified in length to prevent the user from reaching a fall
hazard zone.

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SELF CHECK 1.1-4
IDENTIFY: The three vital components that make up a

complete fall protection system. These are the ABC’s of fall protection:

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-4
There are three vital components that make up a

complete fall protection system.
These are the ABC’s of fall protection:
Anchorage.
Body support.
Means of Connection.

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY NUMBER 1.2.1

LO2. Install wire ways and cable tray
1. Safety procedures are followed in line with job requirements
2. Correct procedures for installation of electrical protective devices are
performed in line with job requirements and PEC
3. Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an
agreed time, to a quality standard and with a minimum waste
4. Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned events
or conditions occur
5. On-going checks of quality of work are done in accordance with
instructions and requirements
CONTENT:
 Determine suitability for installation and used of bus way, cable
tray, fittings and panels, conformity with the provision of the PEC
Code.
 Practice wire way and cable tray installation
CONDITIONS:

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 Workplace location
 Materials relevant to the unit of competency
 Materials and tools
 Masonry
 Materials and tools different brand names, size, capacity and kind
of application.
 Handouts/Instructional Materials
METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture - demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
 PowerPoint presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Direct observation
 Questions or interview
 Written test
 Portfolio (credentials)

DETERMINE SUITABILITY FOR INSTALLATION AND USED OF BUS
WAY, CABLE TRAY, FITTINGS AND PANELS, CONFORMITY WITH THE
PROVISION OF THE PEC CODE
CABLE TRAY
According to the National Electrical Code, a cable tray system is "a unit or
assembly of units or sections and associated fittings forming a rigid
structural system used to securely fasten or support cables and raceways."
Cable tray advantages include wiring system design flexibility, simplicity, and
lower installation cost. In plants where equipment is added, taken away, or is
moved, cable trays provide a flexible advantage (Fig. 2). Cable trays can typically
adapt to complex configurations with a simple set of tools. The cost of material
procurement for cable tray systems is not necessarily lower than that of conduit
systems in all cases. However, compared to labor cost of conduit installation,
cable trays present significant savings.
There are six basic cable tray types:

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 Ladder — provides solid side rail protection, system strength,

smooth radius fittings, and a wide selection of materials and finishes.
Ladder cable tray is generally used in applications with intermediate
to long support spans
 Solid bottom — provides nonventilated continuous support for
delicate cables with added cable protection available in metallic and
fiberglass. Also available are solid bottom metallic trays with solid
metal covers for nonplenum rated cable in environmental air areas.
Solid Bottom cable tray is generally used for minimal heat-generating
electrical or telecommunication applications with short to
intermediate support spans.
 Trough — provides moderate

ventilation and added cable support frequency,
with the bottom configuration providing cable
support every 4 in. Available in metal
and nonmetallic materials, through cable
tray is generally used for moderate heat
generating applications with short to
intermediate support spans.
 Channel — provides an economical

support for cable drops and branch cable runs
from the backbone cable tray system. Channel
cable tray is used for installations with limited
numbers of tray cable when conduit is
undesirable.
 Wire mesh — provides job site or field-adaptable support systems

primarily for low-voltage wiring. Wire mesh tray generally is used
for telecommunication and fiber optic applications. Wire mesh tray
systems are typically zinc plated steel wire mesh.
 Single rail — provides the quickest system installation and the most
freedom for cables to enter and exit the tray system. Typically,
single-rail cable tray is used for low-voltage and power cable
installations where maximum cable freedom, side fill, and installation
speed are factors. These aluminum systems may be single-hung or
wall-mounted systems in single or multiple tiers.
Cable tray configurations
Straight sections are available to route cables in a horizontal or

vertical plane. Fittings route cables in various directions in either the

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horizontal or vertical planes. Typical fittings include elbows, tees,

crosses, and risers. These fittings are available in various radii and
bend angles.
Support methods include trapeze (single or multitier), hanger rod

clamps, "J" hangers, center hung support, wall support, underfloor
support, and pipe stanchions. Trapeze supports are recommended in
applications where cables will be pulled through the cable tray.
Center-hung supports typically are used when cables will be installed
from the side of the cable tray. Also, center-hung supports are
especially useful when future cable additions are necessary.
Wall and underfloor supports are useful when ceiling structure is not
available or undesired. Outdoor installations are controlled by the
structures available to support the cable tray.
Conduit
The primary benefit of conduit systems is the ability to ground and

bond. Grounding and bonding play a significant role in minimizing
electromagnetic interference (EMI). Steel conduit reduces
electromagnetic fields by up to 95%, effectively shielding computers
and sensitive electronic equipment from the electromagnetic
interference (EMI) caused by power distribution systems.
Benefits of conduit include:

o Competitive life-cycle costs
o EMI shielding
o Physical protection of conductor
o Proven equipment grounding conductor
o Chemically compatible with concrete
o Coefficient of expansion compatible with common building materials
o Noncombustible
o Recyclable
o High tensile strength.
There are two primary reasons to use steel conduit. According to the Steel
Tube Institute of North America, steel conduit is the best possible protection of
your electrical conductor and wiring systems, and it facilitates the insertion and
extraction of conductors and wiring. Steel conduit is used in more than 50% of
U.S. manufacturing and other industrial facilities in a variety of indoor,
outdoor, and underground applications, including those where corrosive and
hazardous conditions exist.
The three basic types of steel conduit and their applications are:
Rigid metal conduit (RMC) has the thickest wall, making it the heaviest steel
conduit. Inside and outside are zinc-coated to provide corrosion resistance.
RMC can be used indoors, outdoors, underground, and in concealed or exposed

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applications
Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) has a thinner wall and weighs less than
RMC. A zinc-based coating is used on the outside; an organic corrosion-
resistant coating is used on the inside. IMC can be used for the same
applications as galvanized rigid metal conduit
Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) is the lightest weight steel conduit
manufactured. EMT is made of galvanized steel and is unthreaded. It is joined
by setscrew, indentation, or compression-type connectors and couplings. This
joining method makes EMT easy to alter, reuse, or redirect. Even though EMT
is made of lighter-walled steel, it provides substantial physical protection and
can be used in most exposed locations except where severe physical damage is
possible.
RMC, IMC, and EMT are permitted as an equipment grounding conductor in

accordance with NEC 250.118. A supplementary equipment grounding
conductor sized in accordance with NEC 250.122 may be added as well. If a
supplementary equipment grounding conductor is used, it is still important to
comply with NEC 300.10 and 300.12, since approximately 90-95% of the
ground current flows on the conduit and not in a supplementary conductor.
Environmental considerations for conduit
The coefficient of expansion for steel conduit/EMT is 6.5x10-6in./in./deg F.

This is significant as it relates to whether or not expansion fittings would be
required in a particular application. Expansion fittings are installed where
significant temperature differentials are anticipated. These temperature shifts
cause materials to expand and contract and could result in the conduit being
pulled apart at the joints. Expansion fittings are not normally required with
steel conduit/tubing because their coefficient of expansion is similar to that of
other common building materials. However, when steel conduit is installed on
bridges, rooftops, or as an outdoor raceway span between buildings, expansion
fittings may be required. In these types of installations, there is a probability
that expansion and contraction would occur, resulting from the direct heat of
the sun coupled with significant temperature drops at night. Couplings that
accommodate thermal expansion while maintaining grounding and bonding
integrity are now available. Such a coupling uses an internal bonding jumper to
maintain electrical continuity (Fig. 3). An internal, keyed, sliding bushing
allows conduit movement. Installation is simple, requiring no disassembly.
These couplings are installed by sliding the fitting onto the moving conduit
until it stops at the internal slide bushing, then tightening. The next step is to
tighten the gland nut with a wrench to compress the packing, creating a
weather-resistant seal around the moving conduit. The final step is to thread the
next length of conduit (stationary) into the other end of the fitting.

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PLANT ENGINEERING magazine extends its appreciation to Cablofil,

Inc., Cable Tray Institute, Square D/Schneider Electric, Steel Tube
Institute of North America, and Thomas & Betts Corp. for the use of their
materials in the preparation of this article.
Cable tray selection checklist
When selecting cable trays, cable tray configurations, and support methods,
seek the answers to the following questions:
Where will the cable trays be used?
Job site and installation considerations include:
Indoor
Support locations available affect the length and strength of the system.
Industrial installations may require a 200 lb concentrated load.
Office installation may make system appearance, system weight, and space
available important factors.
Environmental air handling areas may affect cable types, cable tray material,
or cable tray type, as well as the potential need for covers.
Classified hazardous locations affect the acceptable cable types.
Outdoor
Available supports affect length and strength requirements.
Environmental requirements include loads, ice, wind, snow, and possibly
seismic situations.

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Corrosion requirements affect materials and finishes. Classified hazardous locations

affect acceptable cable types.
What types of cables will be supported, and how many?
NEC cable fill requirements dictate size, width, and depth of cable tray.
Cable support requirement may necessitate bottom
type. Largest bending radius of cable controls fitting
radius.
Total cable weight determines load to support.
What are the future requirements of your system?
Cable entry/exit freedom may change.
Designing a partially full or an expandable system may

produce big savings later
Support type should allow for expansion needs.
Conduit installation tip
• Conduit having factory-cut threads are supplied with corrosion protection

applied.
• Field cut threads are required to be coated "with an approved electrically

conductive, corrosion-resistant compound where corrosion protection is
necessary," according to NEC 2002 300.6 (A). Field-cut threads should be
protected from corrosion if they will be installed in wet or outdoor locations.
Protect the thread surface with conductive rust resistant coating such as zinc-
rich paint. Other conductive coatings are appropriate as well.
• Field threads should be cut one thread short. This ensures a good
connection and allows the entire thread surface to be inside the coupling.

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SELF CHECK 1.2-1:
DEFINE THE 6 TYPES OF SIX BASIC CABLE TRAY TYPES

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ANSWER KEY 1.2-1:

There are six basic cable tray types:
 Ladder — provides solid side rail protection, system strength, smooth radius
fittings, and a wide selection of materials and finishes. Ladder cable tray is
generally used in applications with intermediate to long support spans
 Solid bottom — provides nonventilated continuous support for delicate cables
with added cable protection available in metallic and fiberglass. Also available
are solid bottom metallic trays with solid metal covers for nonplenum rated
cable in environmental air areas. Solid Bottom cable tray is generally used for
minimal heat-generating electrical or telecommunication applications with
short to intermediate support spans.
 Trough — provides moderate ventilation and added cable support frequency,
with the bottom configuration providing cable support every 4 in. Available in
metal and nonmetallic materials, through cable tray is generally used for
moderate heat generating applications with short to intermediate support
spans.
 Channel — provides an economical support for cable drops and branch cable
runs from the backbone cable tray system. Channel cable tray is used for
installations with limited numbers of tray cable when conduit is undesirable.
 Wire mesh — provides job site or field-adaptable support systems primarily
for low-voltage wiring. Wire mesh tray generally is used for
telecommunication and fiber optic applications. Wire mesh tray systems are
typically zinc plated steel wire mesh.
 Single rail — provides the quickest system installation and the most freedom
for cables to enter and exit the tray system. Typically, single-rail cable tray is
used for low-voltage and power cable installations where maximum cable
freedom, side fill, and installation speed are factors. These aluminum systems
may be single-hung or wall-mounted systems in single or multiple tiers.

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INFORMATION SHEET NUMBER 1.2.2: PRACTICE WIRE WAY AND

CABLE TRAY INSTALLATION
Figure 4-4. Simple sketch of a wiring system. It is the part of the circuit that carries
current from the source through the boxes to a load
Wiring Systems
Conductors for carrying electricity are commonly called wiring. A wiring system
includes the wire, its insulating cover, a protective cover, and connectors that fasten it
to an electrical box.
Depending on the structure being wired, several different systems may be used.
Regardless of the wiring system, it is important to have a continuous ground
throughout every part of the system and every circuit. Refer to Chapter 9, Grounding
of this text for grounding requirements. All of these systems are adequate for most
installations. Some cannot be used where there are unusual hazards such as extreme
moisture, explosive gases, or corrosive chemicals.
The wiring system selected depends on:
 Type of dwelling (style)
 Materials and type of construction used (such as log, concrete, post and beam,
or platform)
 Surroundings of dwelling (hot, cold, wet, or dry)
 Cost of the electrical materials
 Contractor’s preference
 Building code requirements

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 Preference of owner (client)
Cables
A cable is an arrangement of two or more conductors in a protective
covering and is assembled by the manufacturer. The protective covering may
be plastic, rubber, steel, or aluminum.
Armored Cable
Armored cable (AC) is a manufactured assembly of insulated conductors in a

flexible interlocked metallic armor, Figure 4-5. AC is frequently called BX, a
trade name for armored cable produced at the Sprague Electric division of
General Electric.
The conductors in AC may be copper, aluminum, or copper clad aluminum.

The outer covering is called armor and is made of steel or aluminum. As
always, see the manufacturer’s instructions before installing. One of the
conductors in the cable is an uninsulated conductor that is in continuous
contact with the armor. This wire is called a bonding strip.
The use of AC is generally limited to dry locations where it is not subject to

physical damage. Thus, it may be used in masonry blocks, tile walls, attics,
and wall spaces, as well as along studs, rafters, and joists. Also, care must be
taken to maintain a bend radius of the AC that is five times its diameter
Armored cable is expressly forbidden for use in

 Commercial garages.
 Hoistways, elevators, or cranes.
 Theaters or motion picture studios

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Figure 4-6. A hacksaw, reciprocating saw, or special cable cutter will cut
AC
Stripping armored cable
There are several methods for cutting through the metal armor and stripping
the cable end. Regardless of the method used, always be careful to not
damage the wires inside the armor.
 Hacksaw- The most common tool for cutting the armor is the hacksaw. The
hacksaw blade is placed on the armor so that it makes a diagonal cut across one
of the high ridges. Once the armor is through, it can be twisted off the inside
wires.

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Figure 4-7. A hacksaw can be used to notch AC for stripping the armor.
 Aviation or tin snips. The first step is to bend the cable sharply where
the armor will be cut. This will cause the interlocked armor to
disengage. Twist the armor to force it to expand and expose one twist in
the armor. Place one jaw of the snips under this exposed section and cut
the armor. Remove the armor and trim any sharp corners. See Figure 4-
8.
 Roto-Split. The specific directions will come with the tool when you
purchase it, but here are the basic steps. First, place the cable into the
channel of the tool. Squeeze the handle to hold the cable in place. Turn
the crank until the pressure decreases. Remove the cable from the tool
and rotate the armor until it breaks free. See Figure 4-9.
After you have stripped the armor from the cable, you must install an anti-
short bushing. This red, split, plastic sleeve is placed between the wires and the
rough edge of the armor. Make sure to place the split of the bushing opposite
the armor end for maximum protection. See Figure 4-10. This bushing keeps
the insulation from rubbing against the sharp edge of the armor. The bushing
must be in place to pass an electrical inspection. Purchase plenty of bushings
when buying armored cable.
When the anti-short bushing is in place, bend the bonding strip back over the bushing
and wrap the cable as shown. Add the connector and tighten the setscrew or the
clamp. The setscrew type of connector cannot be used on aluminum AC. See Figure
4-11.

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Bend the cable Twist against Cut the armor and

sharply to buckle it. the direction trim off sharp edges.
of the spiral.
Figure 4-9. A Roto-Split® is a tool that slices the armor so that it can
be twisted off the cable. (Seatek Co. Inc.)
Figure 4-10. Always install

an anti-short bushing
to protect the wires. The tab
on the bushing helps
the inspector see that it is
installed
Figure 4-11. The setscrew connector cannot be used on aluminum AC.

The clamping connector can be used on steel or aluminum AC. Always read
the cable manufacturer’s installation instructions for any restrictions
Nonmetallic Sheathed Cable
Nonmetallic sheathed cable (NM) has two or more insulated conductors
wrapped in a strong plastic or braided outer sheath. Often included is a bare
copper ground wire, Figure 4-12. NM is the easiest and, in many areas, the
most popular system to install. NM is easily cut to length with cable cutters.
A cable ripper is used to split the outer jacket from the point where the
wires will be exposed to the end of the cable. Place the cutting tooth in the
center of the cable about 8” from the end. Squeeze the ripper closed to
pierce
Nonmetallic Sheathed Cable: Types NM, NMC, and NMS — Article 334

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Locations Allowed Sizes Maximum Mounting Distance
Type NM: Normally Dry 14 AWG 12″
Type NMC: Moist, damp, or corrosive through
Type NMS: Normally Dry 2 AWG
4 1/2′
Figure 4-12. This is typical nonmetallic sheathed cable with two current-
carrying conductors, a grounded conductor, and a grounding conductor.
Figure 4-13. Strip off about 8″ of outer covering from NM cable with a special
knife or a cable ripper as shown
Code Alert
At least 6″ of free conductor, measured from the point in the box where it
emerges from its raceway or cable sheath, shall be left at each outlet,
junction, and switch point for splices or the connection of luminaires

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(fixtures) or devices. Where the opening to an outlet, junction, or switch

point is less than 8″ in any dimension, each conductor shall be long enough
to extend at least 3″ outside.
Service-Entrance Cable
Service-entrance cable (SE) may be a single conductor or a multiconductor
assembly with or without an overall covering. It is used to bring electricity
into a customer’s building from an overhead utility pole. Underground
Stripping the insulation off the conductor is done with an electrician’s knife.
Cut into the insulation around the circumference of the cable, without
nicking the conductor. Cut the insulation lengthwise from the first cut to the
end of the cable. Now, peel off the insulation.
Since the conductors in these cables must be large enough to handle the
power requirements of an entire building, they may be stiff and difficult to
work into position. A cable bender is handy to create small-radius bends in
the heavy cable
Underground Feeder and Branch-Circuit Cable

Underground feeder and branch-circuit cable (UF) is a nonmetallic sheathed
cable that is run underground between the service equipment and the final
branch circuit overcurrent device. A typical installation would be a branch
from the main service panel to a detached garage. Although the materials in
UF are designed for underground use, the cutting and stripping procedure is
exactly the same as standard NM cable. As with all underground cables and
conduit, review the local codes for proper burial depth.
Raceways
Raceways are protective coverings installed on site and used to contain
wires. Raceway materials are selected depending on the intended application.
Wire size and ampacity, environment, installation conditions (new or
remodel), building codes, and cost are all factors that will determine the
selection of a raceway. Raceways consist of conduit, boxes, and fittings.
Conduit is the tubing connecting the boxes together. The wires are pulled
from box to box through the conduit. Boxes can be used for either junctions
to connect the wires or mounting devices such as lamp fixtures

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SELF CHECK 1.2-2
TEST I: The wiring system selected depends on:

TEST II: FILL THE BLANKS
1. are protective coverings installed on site and used to

contain wires. Raceway materials are selected depending on the
intended application.
2. is a nonmetallic sheathed cable that is run underground
between the service equipment and the final branch circuit
overcurrent device.
3. may be a single conductor or a multiconductor
assembly with or without an overall covering.
4. ___________has two or more insulated conductors wrapped in a
strong plastic or braided outer sheath. Often included is a bare copper
ground wire,
5. There are several methods for cutting through the metal
armor and stripping the cable end. Regardless of the method used,
always be careful to not damage the wires inside the armor.
6. A is an arrangement of two or more conductors in a

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protective covering and is assembled by the manufacturer. The

protective covering may be plastic, rubber, steel, or aluminum.
7. is a manufactured assembly of insulated conductors in a
flexible interlocked metallic armor, Figure 4-5. AC is frequently
called BX, a trade name for armored cable produced at the Sprague
Electric division of General Electric.
ANSWER KEY 1.2-2
TEST I: The wiring system selected depends on:

 Type of dwelling (style)
 Materials and type of construction used (such as log, concrete, post and beam,
or platform)
 Surroundings of dwelling (hot, cold, wet, or dry)
 Cost of the electrical materials
 Contractor’s preference
 Building code requirements
 Preference of owner (client
TEST II: FILL THE BLANKS

1. Raceways are protective coverings installed on site and used to
contain wires. Raceway materials are selected depending on the
intended application.
2. Underground feeder and branch-circuit cable (UF) is a

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nonmetallic sheathed cable that is run underground between the

service equipment and the final branch circuit overcurrent device.
3. Service-entrance cable (SE) may be a single

conductor or a multiconductor assembly with or
without an overall covering.
4. Nonmetallic sheathed cable (NM) has two or more insulated

conductors wrapped in a strong plastic or braided outer sheath. Often
included is a bare copper ground wire,
5. Stripping armored cable There are several methods for cutting

through the metal armor and stripping the cable end. Regardless of
the method used, always be careful to not damage the wires inside
the armor.
6. A cable is an arrangement of two or more conductors in a

protective covering and is assembled by the manufacturer. The
protective covering may be plastic, rubber, steel, or aluminum.
7. Armored cable (AC) is a manufactured assembly of insulated

conductors in a flexible interlocked metallic armor, Figure 4-5. AC is
frequently called BX, a trade name for armored cable produced at the
Sprague Electric division of General Electric.
Install electrical metallic /nonmetallic

(PVC conduit)
2. Install wire ways and cable tray
3. Install auxiliary terminal cabinet and
distribution panel
4. Prepare for cable pulling and installation
5. Perform wiring and cabling lay out
6. Notify completion of work
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LEARNING OUTCOME 3: INSTALL

AUXILIARY TERMINAL CABINET
AND
DISTRIBUTION PANEL
LEARNING OUTCOME 3: INSTALL
AUXILIARY TERMINAL CABINET
AND
DISTRIBUTION PANEL
LEARNING OUTCOME 3: INSTALL AUXILIARY TERMINAL
CABINET ANDDISTRIBUTION PANEL
Assessment Criteria:
 Correct drawings are interpreted to determine job requirements
 Correct quantities of materials are selected as per job
requirements
 Tools and equipment are selected as per job requirements
 Auxiliary terminal cabinet is installed as per job requirements
 Auxiliary main distribution frame is installed as per job
requirements
 Safety procedures are followed in line with SOPs
Contents:
 Mensuration
 Blue print reading and materials specification
 Use of wires and cables and tools
 Interpretation of electrical and mechanical drawing
 Proper procedure in installation of auxiliary terminal cabinet
and distribution panels.
 Proper use of safety harness and PPE
Condition:
 The following resources MUST be provided:
 Tools and equipment appropriate to roughing-in, wiring and
cabling works and installation processes
 Materials relevant to the proposed activity
 Drawings and specifications relevant to the task
Assessment Method:

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 Project method
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-1

INSTALL AUXILIARY TERMINAL CABINET AND
DISTRIBUTION PANEL LEARNING
OBjectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:

Familiarized with terminal cabinet and distribution panel.
In this module, we will learn about Auxiliary cabinet and
distribution panel.
TERMINAL CABINET
An enclosure housing electrical connection, to protect the

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connections and provide a safety barrier.
There are 3 types of cabinets:

1. With mechanical key lock
A lock operated by a corresponding
key. The lock has a housing, and a
keyway is formed in the housing
along a keyway axis for receiving
the corresponding key therein.
2. An electrical enclosure is a
cabinet or box that protects electrical or
electronic equipment and prevents
electrical shock. Enclosures are usually
made from rigid plastics or such metals
as steel, stainless steel, or aluminum.
3. Biometric identification consists of

determining the identity of a person. The
aim is to capture an item of biometric data
from this person. It can be a photo of their
face, a record of their voice, or an image
of their fingerprint.
DISTRIBUTION PANEL
Distribution panel means an electrical panel that receives energy

from the switchboard and distributes the energy-to-energy
consuming devices or other panels.
A distribution board is also called a panel board, breaker panel,

electric panel or DB box. Its main function is to divide the electrical
power evenly among all the electrical devices. The primary
functions also include power generation, transmission and
distribution.
A typical electrical distribution board includes the following

components – bus bar, fuse links, switches, bypass equipment and
residual current detector (RSD). In today's world, safety is of the
utmost importance when it comes to working with wires and cables
at home.
Basic Functions of a Distribution Panel

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Power Source for A Whole Set of Gear

As briefly mentioned, a distribution panel is the main
source of a large set of electrical circuits. Distribution panels work
by combining circuits from many different locations into one central
hub. This allows you to access the entire electrical grid for your
home from one spot.
Breaks Power off into Separate Sources
A distribution panel works by providing one main power
switch that controls the power for all circuits. When turned off, the
main power switch can temporarily shut down the entire grid. However,
there are also times when you might need to control the power for
separate components or locations in your home.
For this reason, a distribution panel will separate each of
the circuits into their own switches. This way, if you needed to shut
off the power in just one location of your home you can do so
without turning off the power for other areas that do need power at
that time.
Safe and Reliable Means to Power Up Large Buildings &
Homes
Without a distribution panel, powering up your office
building or warehouse would be quite dangerous. Imagine running
hundreds of different electrical cords from different locations to
your local municipality’s electrical grid. Without distribution panels,
powering up large complexes with a complicated electrical system
would be a total nightmare.
How a Distribution Panel Works
Electricity is typically created at a local power plant in
your locality. Once created, it is sent off into the central power grid
which connects to your entire city. Your building has the privilege to
connect to the central grid, of course, so long as you are responsible
and pay your electricity bills.
Your building also needs to have its own power grid,
much how the city does. Otherwise, you would never be able to
organize the use of your electricity. This is where having a
distribution panel comes into play. By using one main circuit that
separates into several smaller circuits, you can easily control the
flow of electricity for an entire home.
When you need to shut off all the power for your home
or office building for whatever reason, simply turn the main switch
off. If you need to turn off the power in one room or for one major
appliance, a distribution panel will typically have a separate switch
for things like these. It all depends on how you wire the panel.
How is a distribution panelboard used?
A distribution panel board is used in multiple settings.
While a single- phase distribution board may be used at home,
multiple phase boards can be used in office spaces or big social

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gatherings where one source of power is used to operate

innumerable electrical devices and appliances.
A distribution panel board is essentially used to divide
the main circuit into smaller ones. But why would you do so if it
does not benefit you in any way?
The division gives you the individual control over the
circuits so that you can control a particular appliance without
disrupting the function of another one which would have been the case
without the panel board. Moreover, in case of an issue short circuit
which requires immediate shut down of an appliance, only the
required circuit can be cut off from the main supply of power without
hampering the smooth functioning of the others. Circuit protection
devices can do their job well with different appliances with the help of
individual circuits formed due to an electronic panel board. Thus, the
distribution panelboard not only gives you better control over the
different circuits but also keeps you safe from electronic mishaps.
Self-check 1.3-1
TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and

FALSE if otherwise. Write the answer in the space provided.
1. An electrical enclosure is a cabinet or box that protects

electrical or electronic equipment and prevents electrical shock.
2. Distribution panel means an electrical panel that receives
energy from the switchboard and distributes the energy-to-energy
consuming devices or other panels.
3. A distribution panel board is essentially used to divide the
main circuit into smaller ones.
4. Biometric identification consists of determining the identity
of a person.

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5. The division gives you the individual control over the

circuits so that you can control a particular appliance without
disrupting the function of another one which would have been the
case without the panel board.
6. Without a distribution panel, powering up your office
building or warehouse would be quite dangerous. Imagine running
hundreds of different electrical cords from different locations to your
local municipality’s electrical grid.
7. Without distribution panels, powering up large complexes
with a complicated electrical system would be a total nightmare.
8. When you need to shut off all the power for your home or
office building for whatever reason, simply turn the main switch off.
9. A typical electrical distribution board includes the following
components – bus bar, fuse links, switches, bypass equipment and
residual current detector (RSD).
10. Distribution panels work by combining circuits from many
different locations into one central hub. This allows you to access
the entire electrical grid for your home from one spot.
Answer Key 1.3-1

1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE

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LEARNING OUTCOME 4: PREPARE FOR CABLE

PULLING AND INSTALLATION
 Necessary tools, equipment, materials and personal

protective equipment (PPE) are prepared in line with job
requirements.
 Cable pulling & installation requirements and constraints from
plan and site inspection are identified as per job requirements.
 Cable lay out & installation equipment is set up in
accordance with manufacturers and job requirements.
 Site is made safe and secure for cable installation.
 Suitable protective clothing is selected and required safety
devices are used

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 Support structure is assessed as safe for normal working

conditions.
Contents:
 Mensuration
 Blue print reading and materials specification
 Use of wires, cables and tools
 Preparation of required size of cable based on PEC Wire Table
 Cable pulling and installation requirements
 Cable lay out and installation
Condition:
 The following resources MUST be provided:
 Tools and equipment appropriate to roughing-in, wiring and
cabling works and installation processes
 Materials relevant to the proposed activity
 Drawings and specifications relevant to the task
Assessment Method:
 Project method
INFORMATION SHEET 1.4-1

PREPARE FOR CABLE PULLING AND INSTALLATION LEARNING
Objectives:
1.Familiarize with wires, cable and tools needed respect to standard by PEC.
In this module, we will learn about cable pulling and installation.
Copper is the most commonly used metal in wires and cables. Whether it's a kettle
power cable, a stove wire, or a laptop charger, it's probably made of copper. Featuring

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the atomic number of 29, this red-brown metal has become the most relied-on metal
for cables and other wiring. Copper is a highly conductive metal.
Copper electrical conductors:
The most commonly used material. Flexible copper wire conductor: it is a set of fine
wires covered by an insulating material. They are flexible and malleable. Single-core
cable: a cable with a single conductor.
The three types of wires used in household circuits are:

Earth wire
 As the wire is made of copper, the earth wire provides a low resistance path to
the ground. In the event of a fault, the large live current passing through the
case earth wire will follow this path to the ground instead of passing through a
person, and will blow the fuse rendering the appliance safe.
 Earth wires within your Electrical system usually connect all switches, sockets
and any other parts back to where the mains supply and Consumer unit or fuse
board is. This will then connect to the mass of earth or ground either by a
method provided by the Electric supplier, or onsite of your property.
 No matter the method, it's important that the ground circuit provides an
unbroken path to the earth. Ground wires must be firmly connected at all
points.
Live wire
A live wire is a wire carrying an electric current. If something goes wrong
inside and the live wire gets accidentally connected to some metal part, the circuit
breaker will blow, protecting the user from an unpleasant sensation or even
electrocution.
Live wire refers to a wire that is carrying current at a particular time; live wires
are also called phase wires because they carry current to the load (device) and the
neutral wires complete the loop by bringing the current back to the source. Therefore,
the live wire is also called phase wire.
A live wire is actually positive wire, And Neutral wire is the negative wire.
Current flows from positive terminal house and then negative terminal. So, to prevent
the devices from electrical damages, fuse is connected before them. That is to live
wire.

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Neutral wire
Neutral wire carries the circuit back to the original power source. More
specifically, neutral wire brings the circuit to a ground or busbar usually connected at
the electrical panel. This gives currents circulation through your electrical system, which
allows electricity to be fully utilized.
The neutral wire is used for providing a return path for the flow of current in
an AC circuit. The neutral wire carries no current, yet without neutral wire the AC
circuit is incomplete. In any electrical circuit, the neutral wire will redirect the path of
the electrical current to its source point.
A neutral wire is a current-carrying conductor that brings current back to the

power source to establish control over the voltage. Usually identified by its white
color, it takes the unused electricity back to the transformer.
How do you prepare cable for installation?

Cable should be pre-cut and hung suspended for 48 hours to develop its most
natural set and lay prior to installation. Cable should be installed with, not against, its
natural set. Strain relief on either end will reduce conductor breakage at the flex
points.
Cable pulling is the moving of lengths of cable from one place to another in
order to install a connection of some type between disparate areas.
Direct buried cables shall be taken to ensure that the laying area is not
subject to landslide or cracking, that there are no obstacles in the subsoil and there is
no soil contamination. The bottom of the trench shall be backfilled with a layer of fine
sand as per the drawings. Remember to always wear protective clothing when
handling cable and wire. There is always the potential for sparking or other electrical
risks. Sport non-conductive gloves and protect your eyes with proper safety eyewear.

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Flame-retardant clothes are a good investment for those who maintain cable and
wiring frequently.
Plan It Out
Always have a safety plan. This plan should include emergency activities,
evacuations, and meet building codes. Not only will this help should there be any
issues, but also conform to any legalities.
(Don’t) D-I-Y
Do-it-yourself projects are becoming more and more popular with the rise of
YouTube and other online advice. Nonetheless, we suggest contacting a professional
electrician who is extremely familiar and experienced with cable/wire installation and
handling. Anytime you are dealing with electricity or other wire currents, it can be a
dangerous job. Electricians are trained and understand safety protocols and guidelines.
While they may be more expensive, their expertise will save money in the long run
whether it’s a small installation in your home or a big project in the workplace. Plus,
you really can’t put a price tag on safety and health.
Two-Way Street
Safety is a top priority for us. The same should be true at your place of business. Prior
to installation, be sure to inspect machinery and equipment to see if it is running
properly. While faulty wiring often leads to safety hazards, so does malfunctioning
equipment. Reduce risks by ensuring your equipment is up- to-date. Not only that but
the tools used for wire and cable handling matter, too. Here’s a quick list of safety
tools that help minimize electrical risks.
Know Your Surroundings
Wire and cable installation can sometimes lead you to some obscure locations and
positions. Those can include:
• Various heights
• Concealed spaces
• Underground areas
• Areas near water

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Scope out your workplace environment and identify any potential hazards first, before
you begin a project. Also, diagnose the building’s guidelines and restrictions. Some
safety precautions may seem reasonable and obvious, while others may actually be
mandatory.
Gear Up
Remember to always wear protective clothing when handling cable and wire. There is
always the potential for sparking or other electrical risks. Sport non- conductive
gloves and protect your eyes with proper safety eyewear. Flame- retardant clothes are
a good investment for those who maintain cable and wiring frequently. Be sure to
wear equipment that is necessary for your building or work area. This could include
hard hats for possible falling materials, specific shoes to prevent slipping, and any
other articles of clothing to reduce risk.
What is the procedure for determining cable size?
To calculate the Cable Sizing, one needs to divide the voltage running through the
cable by the target current. For instance, if your wire has a voltage current of 150
Volts and your target is 30 then you divide 150/30. This gives you your target
resistance of 5 which is required.
OHM’S LAW
Ohm's Law is a formula used to calculate the relationship between voltage, current
and resistance in an electrical circuit.
E=IxR
When spelled out, it means voltage = current x resistance, or volts = amps x ohms, or
V = A x Ω.
Named for German physicist Georg Ohm (1789-1854), Ohm's Law addresses the key
quantities at work in circuits

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If two of these values are known, technicians can reconfigure Ohm's Law to calculate
the third. Just modify the pyramid as follows:
If you know voltage (E) and current (I) and want to know resistance (R), X-out the R
in the pyramid and calculate the remaining equation (see the first, or far left, pyramid
above).
Note: Resistance cannot be measured in an operating circuit, so Ohm's Law is
especially useful when it needs to be calculated. Rather than shutting off the circuit to
measure resistance, a technician can determine R using the above variation of Ohm's
Law.
Now, if you know voltage (E) and resistance (R) and want to know current (I), X- out
the I and calculate the remaining two symbols (see the middle pyramid above).
And if you know current (I) and resistance (R) and want to know voltage (E), multiply
the bottom halves of the pyramid (see the third, or far right, pyramid above).
I = E/R = 12V/6Ω = 2A

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These ratings are for standard copper NM sheathed cable, but there are instances
where these amperage ratings vary. For example, there is aluminum wiring in some
homes, and aluminum wires have their own ampacity-carrying capacity. Aluminum
wiring was once widely used, but because it was found that aluminum had a greater
expansion profile under load, it often loosened wire connections and sometimes
caused electrical fires. That is not to say you are necessarily at risk just because you
have aluminum wiring, because those connections may work forever if not
overloaded. But an evaluation and replacement with copper wiring may be a good
idea.
Stranded vs. Solid Wire
One more thing to keep in mind is to select the style of wire that best fits your needs.
Some wire is stranded, while other wire consists of a solid copper conductor. In
installations using metal conduit, the solid wire doesn't always pull as easily if the
conduit has a large number of bends. But solid wire is usually easier to secure under
screw terminals, such as those found on standard switches and receptacles. In standard
usage, though, the wire conductors in conduit or NM cable for household wiring will
be 14-, 12- or 10-gauge wire that is a solid copper conductor.
Why Wire Gauge Is Important?

While circuit breakers or wiring fuses offer good protection against overloading wires
and overheating them, they are not absolute protection. Both these devices are
designed to sense current overloads and to trip or "blow" before the wires can
overheat to the danger point. But they are not foolproof, and it is still important to
guard against exceeding the amperage rating of any given circuit by plugging too
many appliances into them.
There is the potential for danger anytime a device or appliance tries to draw more
power on a circuit than the wire gauge is rated for. For example, plugging a heater

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rated for 20 amps into a 15-amp circuit wired with 14-gauge wire poses a distinct
danger. Should the circuit breaker fail to operate correctly, that heater will draw more
current than the wires can safely handle, and could heat the wires to the point of
melting the insulation around the wires and igniting surrounding materials.
On the other hand, there is no danger whatsoever in plugging appliances with mild
electrical loads into circuits with heavier gauge wires and a higher amperage rating.
The circuit will draw the power asked for by whatever is plugged into them and no
more. So, for example, running a laptop computer with a very small amperage
demand on a 20-amp circuit wired with 12-gauge wire is perfectly fine.
The potential for danger is most pronounced with the use of light household extension
cords. Many a household fire has occurred when a light extension cord with 16-gauge
wire is used to power a heater or heating appliance of some sort. Most manufacturers
will discourage the use of any extension cords with portable heaters, but if one must
be used, it has to be a heavy-duty cord with a high amperage rating that matches the
amperage of the appliance and of the circuit it is plugged into.
Cable pulling and installation requirements
1. Unspool cables properly- always allow spools to roll while unspooling
cables. Do not pull cables from the flange, or uncoil from the top of the
spool. This can cause unnecessary stress to cables.
2. Check the jacket materials of different cables - in some instances, different
jacket materials can stick together and cause abrasion. Check to see if your
cables’ jacket materials are intended for use inside a cable carrier, or for use
with corresponding jacket materials. Abrasion of jacket materials can
sometimes be prevented with interior separation.
3. Cut to the proper length, and lay directly inside the cable carrier. Ensure
each cable is long enough for proper connection and strain- relief (see
guideline #7). Laying cables is the preferred method for placing inside a
cable carrier, especially cables that have already been harnessed with
connectors. Cables can also be carefully pulled into the proper positioning
in the cable carrier if necessary. Avoid any twisting of the cable while
placing into the carrier.
4. Ensure every cable has room to move freely during movement of the cable
carrier. Be sure each cable has plenty of room to move while in operation.
This will maximize the service life, and reduce risk of abrasion and other
common cable failures. (Learn more about common cable failure modes
here)
5. Take the time to be sure that cables rest in the neutral axis of the cable
carrier, especially while operating at the carrier’s maximum bend radius.
When the carrier is bent, there should be no tensile forces exerted on the
cable.
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6. If cables/hoses of varying diameters are being installed, utilize interior

shelving or separators. This will prevent tangling. There are two easy cable
distribution rules to follow to see if interior separation is needed. The first
states that if the diameters of the cables, D1+D2 are greater than 1.2 x the
inner height of the cable carrier, no separation between the two cables/hoses
is necessary. If the diameters of cables D1+D2 is less than or equal to the
inner height of the cable carrier, use vertical separators or horizontal shelf to
prevent crossover/abrasion. more resilient material will gradually wear
down the softer jacket, leading to failure.
7. Use strain relief at both ends of cables. There are a number of strain relief
options, including mounting brackets, tie wrap plates, etc. Proper strain
relief keeps the length of cable inside the carrier fixed at all times. In certain
cases, strain relief may only be necessary at the moving end of the cable
carrier.

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Cable layout and routing has a critical effect at high frequencies and must be closely
defined. A cable which is run close to the ground plane and in the opposite orientation
to the measuring antenna, will radiate far less than one which is suspended in free
space and aligned with the antenna.
What are the methods of cable installation?
Many different methods are used for cable installation. These include pulling,
blowing and pushing into ducts, direct burial and aerial installation. The most
important properties of cables during installation are the tensile force, the bending
radius and the installation temperature.
Self-check 1.4-1
IDENTIFICATION: Fill in the blank.
________1. provides a low resistance path to the ground.
________2. refers to a wire that is carrying current at a particular time.
________3. carries the circuit back to the original power source.
________4. is the moving of lengths of cable from one place to another in
order to install a connection of some type between disparate areas.
________5. is a formula used to calculate the relationship between voltage,
current and resistance in an electrical circuit.
________6. What is the current needed with 240 volts and 12 resistances?
________7. Voltage needed for 4 ampere and 8 ohms.
________8. Resistance needed for 230 volts with 10 amperes.
________9. Rated Ampacity needed for Kitchen, bathroom, and outdoor
receptacles (outlets).
________10. Wire gauge use usually in Light fixtures, lamps, lighting circuits.

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Answer Key 1.4-1

1. Earth Wire
2. Live Wire
3. Neutral Wire
4. Cable Pulling
5. Ohm’s Law
6. 20A
7. 32V
8. 23 ohms
9. 20 amps
10. 14-gauge

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LEARNING OUTCOME 5: PERFORM WIRING AND CABLING LAY OUT

• Safety procedures are followed based on safety regulations PPE are
identified and selected in line with safety requirements
• Tools, equipment, pulling compound and safety requirements are identified
and obtained for the lay out and installation.
• Pulling materials is properly installed and tensioned to required
specifications
• Cable is secured permanently to support structure in accordance with
standard installation procedures
• Bending radius and loops tolerance is observed for cable materials at all
times
• Schedule of wire cutting lists is followed based on estimates, quantity and
sizes to avoid wastage.
• Further instructions are sought if unplanned events or conditions occur
• Checking of quality of work is done in accordance with instructions and
requirements.
Contents:
• DOLE Department Order No. 13 s. 1998 Guidelines Governing
Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry
• Wiring procedure such as cable lay-out, pulling splicing and termination of
wire.

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• Uses of different type of wires and cables and its applications

• Markings of Circuit homeruns.
• Application of pulling compound
• Bundling of wire size as per job requirement.
Condition: The following resources MUST be provided:
• Workplace location
• Tools and equipment appropriate to roughing-in, wiring and cabling works
and installation processes
• Materials relevant to the proposed activity
• Drawings and specifications relevant to the task.
Assessment Method:
• Written test or examination
• Direct observation and questioning
• Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)
• Project method
• Practical Lab/ Exercises

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.5-1 PERFORM WIRING AND CABLING

LAY OUT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Familiarized with wiring and cabling lay-out.
In this module, we will learn about Uses of different type of wires and cables and its
applications. Wiring procedure such as cable lay-out, pulling splicing and termination
of wire and Application of pulling compound.
No. 13 (DOLE D.O. No. 13), Series of 1998 otherwise known as the "Guidelines
Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry", with
emphasis given on the methodology to be used in estimating the cost of construction
safety and health program as required in Section 17.
As required by the Occupational Safety and Health Standards and DOLE Department
Order 13, a sufficient number of trained safety officers must be employed by all
construction companies. The required number of safety officers depends on the
number of workers for every shift.
The CSHP ensures the protection and welfare of all employed construction workers
and the general public that is within or around the site of construction. It also assures
safety and harmony among workers and contractors involved in construction or
renovation projects.

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Cables Installation, Splicing and Termination Cable Requirements

Installing Cable in Conduit
Conduit Sizing
Preventing Overstress of Conductor
Correct conduit sizing is necessary to prevent overstressing of the conductor
due to excessive tension and/or damage to the conductor insulation during the pulling
operation.
Selecting Conduit Raceway
Before a specific conduit raceway size can be selected, the number of
conductors to be installed and the total area (in square inches) to be occupied by the
conductors must be established.
Percent of Available Area
The total cross-sectional area of the conductors shall not exceed 40% of the cross-
sectional area of the conduit they are installed in.
How to Obtain Conductor Area
The conductor area for insulated conductors manufactured to American Standards
may be obtained directly from NEC Chapter 9, Table 5. The conductor area for cables
manufactured to European (IEC) Standards must be obtained from the manufacturer’s
data as actual conductor size will var y from the nominal cross-sectional area (mm2).
Multi-Conductor Cables
Multi-conductor cables are treated as single conductors when calculating conduit fill.
I.E., the cross-sectional area of a multi-conductor cable is equal to the total of the
individual conductors in the cable
Conduit Size Calculations
American type conductors of the same size and insulation type
Refer to NEC Appendix C for conduit size calculations when all conductors to be
installed in a specific raceway system are manufactured to American Standards and
are of the same size and insulation type. NEC Appendix C provides very accurate
calculations generated from NEC Tables 1, 4, 5, and 5A without having to perform
the calculations according to NEC Chapter 9, Table 1.
To select the correct trade-size conduit or tubing from NEC Appendix C, the
following steps should be used:
a. Select the desired raceway system from Tables C1 through C12.

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b. Select the desired conductor type (i.e., general-wiring conductors, fixture wires,
or compact conductors).
c. Select the desired insulation type.
d. Select the correct trade-size conduit or tubing for the given quantity and size of
conductors required.
Calculate conduit size for IEC conductors using the cross-sectional area of the
cables/conductors such that the total does not exceed 40% of the conduit cross-
sectional area.
Conduit Internal Area Determination
NEC Chapter 9, Table 4 provides accurate dimensional data on conduit internal
diameter and allowable usage area, in square inches, for 12 types of conduit raceway
systems. It is important to note that different types of conduits of the same trade size
may have different diameters and areas. Therefore, the particular section in Table 4
for the specific type of raceway system selected must be used in the calculation.
Limitations
The calculations for selecting the correct conduit size shall be adjusted if any of the
limitations described in Sections 5.4.1 to 5.4.3 are experienced.
Bend and Distance
Calculations and data presented or referenced in this document are based on
conditions of proper cabling and alignment of conductors in conduit or tubing systems
containing no intermediate pull boxes or fittings. In addition, the length of the
conductor pulls and the number of bends in the conduit or tubing system must be
within the following limits:
a. A 15.2 m (50-ft) run with no more than three 90-degree or equivalent bends
b. A 30.4 m (100-ft) run with no more than two 90-degree or equivalent bends
c. A 45.6 m (150-ft) run with no more than one 90-degree or equivalent bend
d. A 60.8 m (200-ft) straight run with no bends
Where the above limits cannot be met, pull boxes and/or fittings should be introduced
into the run at selected points to ensure compliance. If the addition of pull boxes or
fittings is not practical, the conduit or tubing sizes should be increased to the next
standard size.
Conductor size – Where conductors exceed one inch in diameter, the stated
conductor area should be increased by 30 percent for the purpose of calculating
conduit fill area.

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Conductor jamming
When conduits are bent in the field, the conduit will take an oval shape
through the bend, increasing the inside diameter (I.D.) at that point. Factory
manufactured elbows do not normally experience this expansion.
However, in elbows that are not factory-manufactured, ovality will occur to
some degree in either conduits or tubing during the bending process due to
uncontrolled sidewall expansion. The type and condition of the bender used will
affect expansion. Ovality occurs particularly in Electro-metallic tubing (EMT).
Where three (no more, no less) conductors or cables of the same size are being
installed in a conduit, jamming can occur even when 40 percent fill allowances are
observed. At a bend, the increased diameter (ovality) in the bend area permits the
third conductor to be pulled between the other two conductors. As the conductors exit
the bend, and the raceway I.D. returns to normal, the conductors may jam. Jamming
can also occur in straight runs where the ratio of the raceway’s I.D. and the
conductor’s outside diameter (O.D.) approaches 3. Jamming is more likely when
conductors are pushed into the conduit or a combination of pushing and pulling is
used during installation of the conductors.
To prevent jamming when pulling three conductors or cables into a conduit,
use the next larger size raceway if the ratio of the raceway’s I.D. to the conductor’s
O.D. is between 2.8 and 3.2.
Conductor Area
Dimensional data for insulated conductors and fixture wires can be found in NEC,
Chapter 9, Table 5.
When insulated grounding conductors are included in the raceway system, they must
be included in the calculations for determining conduit fill.
Slicing and Terminating Cable 600 Volt and Below
All conductor and cable termination kits, splice kits, and associated hardware
shall be approved by the manufacturer, for the cable construction and conductor
material (copper) on which they are installed.
Conductors shall be spliced or joined with splicing devices suitable for the
use or by brazing, welding, or soldering. Soldered splices shall first be so spliced or
joined as to be mechanically and electrically secure without solder before they are
soldered. Where necessary, all splices and joints and the free ends of conductors shall
be covered with an insulation equivalent to that of the conductors or with an
insulating device certified by the manufacturer for the purpose (NEC Article 110).
Connection of conductors to terminal parts shall ensure a good mechanical
and electrical connection without damaging the conductors. It shall be made by means

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of pressure connectors (including set screw type), welded lugs, or splices to flexible
leads. However, connection by means of wire terminal screws or studs and nuts
having upturned or hook-type lugs shall be permitted for 6mm2 (No. 10 AWG) or
smaller conductors (NEC 110). Terminals that accommodate more than one conductor
shall be identified as suitable for the purpose.
Types of Conductor Connections and Connectors
Acceptable methods of connecting and terminating circuit wiring utilize:
1) Crimp- or compression-type connectors are superior to most mechanical
connectors. Once installed, they cannot be removed without damaging or
destroying the connectors and affected portions of the conductors. Special
installation tools are required.
a. Only circumferential, elliptical, hexagonal, quadruple, or triangular indent-
type compression connectors are recommended for 25mm2 (No. 4 AWG)
and larger conductors. These types can be compressed almost completely
around the circumference of the connector barrel or body when used with
the proper tool and precision die.
b. On conductors 16 mm2 (No. 6 AWG) and larger, connectors of one
manufacturer shall not be compressed on conductors with tools and dies of
another manufacturer unless the connector manufacturer so approves. The
tool and die number specified by the connector manufacturer for a specific
size and type of connector must be used; otherwise, excessive or inadequate
compression can occur and cause failure of the connection. Installation
instructions shall be strictly followed and the compression action must not
be stopped until the dies are fully closed, or closed the amount specified in
the instructions.
2) Mechanical connectors are used for joining and terminating conductors where
later removal may be a requirement. With this type of connector, conductors are
placed in the barrels or bodies of the connector and a screw or saddle is forced
down on the conductors. The high-pressure wedge effect of the screw or saddle
on the conductors provides a positive inter strand contact. They are reliable
when properly selected and installed.
3) Solder connections may be used for small conductors.
4) For buried ground connections, thermal-weld connections shall be used. For
above ground connections, mechanical connections shall be used.
Splicing Personnel Qualification Requirements
Bending Radius – When cables are terminated it is important that they not be bent or
formed in any manner or at any time that causes the minimum bending radius to be
exceeded. In general, this minimum radius is 12 times the outside diameter of the
cable.
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Support – All cables shall be supported so that there is no stress on the terminations.
Grounding – The grounding jumpers for terminations and splices shall be maintained
separate from grounds that are used for surge arrestors. This will prevent the cable
shielding system from being raised to an abnormally high voltage during surge
conditions.
Markings of circuit homerun
Electricians refer to an electrical home run as the conductors coming from the
circuit breaker to the initial connection point located on that particular branch circuit.
Circuits are drawn on blueprints showing the circuit general routing and
fixtures or devices. Generally, the electrician numbers each wire at the home-run end
in the electrical panel and if the electrician or installer is not asleep, they should then
identify each circuit on the electrical panel cover map.
Most standard 120-volt household circuits in your home are (or should be)
parallel circuits. Outlets, switches, and light fixtures are wired in such a way that the
hot and neutral wires maintain a continuous circuit pathway independent from the
individual devices that draw their power from the circuit.
Important Considerations with using Electrical Home Runs
Home runs are beneficial in reducing electrical noise. Electrical noise is an
unwanted external signal that can interfere with the normal operation of a circuit.
Home runs are designed to minimize this risk by providing improved grounding and
thus eliminating the potential for unnecessary interference. Here are four important
considerations when installing electrical home runs:
Heat
Don’t bundle more than 3 home run cables together. If you excessively bundle
too many home runs together you risk generating too much heat which can become a
safety issue. Whilst it is perfectly fine to utilize plastic conduit to house your home
runs, don’t bundle too many conductors within the same conduit. Jackets could melt
off your wires, leaving copper-to-copper conducting.
Protect your home runs from physical damage
You should be careful to protect your home runs from physical damage both
during installation and after installation. Make sure you protect the outer jacket and
inner jacket of the wire. Abrasion will cause the wires to fray and be a potential safety
risk. For example, there are particular Australian wiring codes that outline the space
that should be provided between manhole openings (attic openings) and electrical
conductor wiring to ensure physical damage to the wiring doesn’t occur. When
installing electrical and data cables in a new building, it is essential to place the wiring
after that of mechanical systems such as Plumbing, HVAC and more. This ensures

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that any future work will not be hindered by having to cut out or damage existing
electric lines.
Secure and support your home run
When a home run is pulled, it should have some workable slack. It isn’t a
guitar string. It doesn’t need to be tight. For example, plumbers may need to route a
toilet line near the wire, and having a little bit of slack left in the line will allow it to
be moved. Don’t make it too loose – it doesn’t need to be messy, just don’t make it
ultra-tight. The wiring should be supported within every four and a half feet.
Label your home runs
When installing your electrical home runs, be sure to label them appropriately
so they are easy to terminate in your electrical panel. It will prevent you from needing
to retrace wires and will make any updates/changes in the future much easier.
To an electrician, the home run is the hot feed between the electrical panel and
each room/circuit in a home. While home runs mostly follow the same rules of
running wire that apply throughout the house, there are some considerations you need
to keep in mind such as not bundling more than 3 home runs together. With proper
installation of your electrical home runs you will be able to ensure that all of your
devices are safely powered up with no interference along the way.
Bundling of wire size as per job requirement
To determine the approximate diameter of a wire bundle when the wires are
all the same size, find the factor for the number of wires in the bundle and multiply
the wire diameter by that factor.
No there is no limit to the number of wires that can be bunched together.
Wire bundling is when you take 2 or more electrical cables and bundle them
together using a specific bind. The purpose of the bundling is to keep specific cables
together over a medium to long distance. What this does is efficiently organizes those
cables in a way that simplifies your application.
The cable size selected should be checked for short circuit withstand capability, which
should be based upon the circuit opening time for short circuit condition.
WIRE TYPES
XHHW wire bundles are used in a variety of industrial and commercial construction
applications and are well suited for wet conditions. Typically preferred over
THHN/THWN in wet environments because the outer jacket is more durable.
Extensively used by electrical contractors in water treatment facilities projects.
Printed and striped for easy identification.

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THHN Used in signaling, control wiring, machine tools, and automation systems for
indoor and outdoor use. THHN’s jacketing protects the conductor as it is being pulled
through conduit and protects it from grease. It can be used with voltages up to 600V,
is available in cable bundles up to 150 conductors and more, and is manufactured to
project specifications and length.
SIS Most often used in switchboards and panel boards. SIS wire is made of an
insulated copper conductor with thermoset, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
insulation. Stranded for high flexibility and tinned to facilitate soldering. XLPE
insulation is rated for use at 90°C in either wet or dry locations at an operating voltage
of 600V.
MTW Common in general purpose wiring circuits, machine tool, and appliance
wiring. MTW wire can be used in dry locations up to 90°C, or wet locations. CSA
Type TEW rating permits use in dry locations up to 105°C, or wet locations. Rated for
60°C when exposed to oil or coolant.

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RHW/USE-2 Made of a single copper conductor insulated with a thermoset cross-

linked polyethylene (XLPE) material. RHW/USE-2 is suitable for most direct burial,
industrial lighting, or power wiring solutions in conduits, ducts, or other approved
raceways, especially those where better insulation toughness and resistance to
moisture and heat are needed.
CABLE TYPES
ACCESS CONTROL Printed and striped THHN and XHHW cable bundles for
connections between access control components in distribution centers, commercial
buildings, manufacturing and processing plants, and municipal installations. Single-
pull reels available pre-measured and precut for conductor breakouts.
CATEGORY Commonly used in a variety of low voltage environments, our Cat5

and Cat6 cable bundles are often used in data center installations, telecommunication
applications, and in local business networks. Data transmission cable bundles speed
up installations, lower manpower requirements, and can be marked and precut for
conductor breakouts.
SOUND & COMMUNICATION Commercial construction projects are typically

specified for multiple cable runs for sound, communications, and security
applications, and usually require breakout points throughout the facility. Precut cable

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bundles from One-Pull deliver precision to these projects, lower installation costs, and
reduce waste and cleanup needs.
FIBER OPTICS Fiber optic cables are used in numerous installations, including
commercial, industrial, military, and communications applications. Capable of
transmission over long distances with almost zero signal loss, they are ideal for secure
data transmission and communications. Bundled fiber optic cables can be printed and
precut for use in layouts requiring multiple breakout points.
Self-check 1.5-1
TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
Write the answer in the space provided.
1. Solder is superior to most mechanical connectors. Once installed, they cannot
be removed without damaging or destroying the connectors and affected
portions of the conductors.
2. XHHW wire bundles are used in a variety of industrial and commercial
construction applications and are well suited for wet conditions.
3. MTW Common in general purpose wiring circuits, machine tool, and appliance
wiring. MTW wire can be used in dry locations up to 90°C, or wet locations.

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4. RHW/USE-2 Made of a single copper conductor insulated with a thermoset

cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) material.
5. THHN Used in signaling, control wiring, machine tools, and automation
systems for indoor and outdoor use.
6. SIS Most often used in switchboards and panel boards. SIS wire is made of an
insulated copper conductor with thermoset, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
insulation.
7. Mechanical connectors are used for joining and terminating conductors where
later removal may be a requirement. With this type of connector, conductors are
placed in the barrels or bodies of the connector and a screw or saddle is forced
down on the conductors.
8. For buried ground connections, thermal-weld connections shall be used. For
above ground connections, mechanical connections shall be used.
9. Crimp- or compression-type connectors are once installed, they cannot be
removed without damaging or destroying the connectors and affected portions
of the conductors. Special installation tools are required.
10. The grounding jumpers for terminations and splices shall be maintained
separate from grounds that are not used for surge arrestors.
Answer Key 1.5-1

1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
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6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. FALSE
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

The trainee/candidate must perform the task given in this performance criteria
checklist prior to proceed on the next core competency in this curriculum.
Instruction
Given the equipment tools and materials instruct the trainee/candidate to show
competency in PERFORMING ROUGHING IN ACTIVITIES, WIRING AND
CABLING WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING

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AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS to perform all the procedures and activities in a given
time.
TASK/ACTIVITY YES NO
1. Install electrical metallic conduit
2. Install wire ways and cable tray
3. Install auxilliary terminal cabinet and
distribution panel
4. Prepare for cable pulling and installation
5. Perform wiring and cabling lay out
OVER-ALL RESULT
COMPETENT
NOT YET COMPETENT
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
WELCOME!

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The unit of competency “INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE

DEVICES FOR DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING, AUXILIARY,
LIGHTING PROTECTION AND GROUNDING SYSTEMS”, is one of the core
competencies of ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II,
a course which comprises the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a TVET
trainee.
The module, competency “INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE

DEVICES FOR DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING, AUXILIARY,
LIGHTING PROTECTION AND GROUNDING SYSTEMS”, contains training
materials and activities related to identifying learner’s requirements, preparing session
plan, preparing basic instructions, skills and attitudes required to complete the
competency.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities
to complete each of the learning outcomes. In each learning outcome, Learning
Elements and Reference Materials are available for further reading to assist you in the
required activities. You are expected to accomplish all the required activities and to
answer the self-check after each learning element. Please note that you need to pass
all the required assessments to proceed to the next activity or session. You must
obtain answer sheets, which are available from your trainer or at the end of each
learning element, to reflect answers for each self-check. If you have questions, please
do not hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.

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ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II
CORE COMPETENCIES:
Units of Competency Module Title Code
1. Perform roughing-in, 1.1 Performing roughing-in, wiring ELC741301
wiring and cabling and cabling works for single-phase
works for single- distribution, power, lighting and
phase distribution, auxiliary systems
power, lighting and
auxiliary systems
2. Install electrical 2.1 Installing electrical ELC741302
protective devices for protective devices for
distribution, power, distribution, power,
lighting, auxiliary, lighting, auxiliary, lightning
lightning protection protection and grounding
and grounding systems
systems
3. Install wiring devices 3.1 Installing wiring devices of ELC741303
of floor and wall floor and wall mounted
mounted outlets, outlets, lighting
lighting fixtures/switches and
fixtures/switches and auxiliary outlets
auxiliary outlets

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INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Install Electrical Protective Devices for Distribution,

Power, Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning Protection and
Grounding Systems
MODULE TITLE : I nstalling Electrical Protective Devices for
Distribution, Power, Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning
Protection and Grounding Systems
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
on planning and preparing work, installing electrical
protective devices, lighting fixture and auxiliary outlet
and notifying completion of work for distribution,
power, lighting, auxiliary, lighting protection and
grounding systems.
Nominal Duration : 44 hours
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:
1. Plan and prepare work
2. Install electrical protective devices
3. Install lighting fixture and auxiliary outlet
4. Notify completion of work
1. Instructions for the preparation of the work activity are communicated and
confirmed to ensure clear understanding.
2. Materials needed for work are obtained in accordance with established
procedures.
3. Safety procedures are followed in line with job requirements.

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4. Correct procedures for installation of electrical protective devices are

performed in line with job requirements and PEC.
5. Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an agreed
time, to a quality standard and with a minimum waste.
6. Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned events or
conditions occur.
7. On-going checks of quality of work are done in accordance with
instructions and requirements.
8. Safety procedures are followed.
9. Correct procedures for installation of lighting fixture and auxiliaries are
performed in line with job requirements.
10. Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an agreed
time, to a quality standard and with a minimum waste.
11. Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned events or
conditions occur.
12. On-going checks of quality of work are undertaken in accordance with
13. Final checks are made to ensure the work conforms with instructions and
requirements.
14. Supervisor is notified upon completion of work.
15. Tools, equipment and any surplus resources and materials are, where
appropriate, cleaned, checked and returned to storage in accordance with
established procedures.
16. Work area is cleaned and made safe.
1. Instructions for the preparation of the work activity are communicated and
confirmed to ensure clear understanding
2. Tools, equipment and PPE needed to install electrical wiring are identified,
checked to ensure they work correctly as intended and are safe to use in
accordance with established procedures
3. Materials needed for work are obtained in accordance with established
procedures.
CONTENTS:
1. Types of protective devices and its applications/ applications

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2. Identification of standard drawing based on standard (ANSI or IEC)

3. Protective devices specifications
4. Electrical protection system components
CONDITION:
1. Workplace location
2. Tools and equipment appropriate to roughing-in, wiring and cabling works and
installation processes
3. Materials relevant to the proposed activity
4. Drawings and specifications relevant to the task
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
1. Written test or examination
2. Direct observation and questioning
3. Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)

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LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Learning Outcome No. 1

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INFORMATION SHEET 2.1-1 PLAN AND PREPARE WORK

1. Types of protective devices and its applications/ applications
2. Identification of standard drawing based on standard (ANSI or IEC)
3. Protective devices specifications
4. Electrical protection system components
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on planning and preparing
work, installing electrical protective devices, lightning fixture and auxiliary outlet and
notifying completion of work for distribution, power, lighting, auxiliary, lightning
protection and grounding systems.
In this lesson, we will be reminding the importance of planning in preparing specific
job order.
Background Information for the Learners:
Plan your work, and work your plan. Many believe that if you had a plan to follow
you would always wind up on top or get an excellent result.
Planning out your work will make sure you get the most out of your work day. Your
time is an investment in yourself.
Budgeting your time on the job the way you can budget money will help you reduce
your stress, become healthy and accomplish more.
When planning your work for a day, see what tasks you can designate to someone else
or ask for an assistant to help you complete them. No one wins when you try to do
everything on yourself and wind up stressed out and exhausted.

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Your work may be categorized into:

1. Urgent and important tasks.
a. One need to be done first.
2. Urgent but unimportant tasks.
a. Need to be addressed but should not overwhelm you in any manner.
3. Non-urgent but important tasks.
a. Make the most of your convenient time in each day to address tasks.
Things to remember in Preparation:

• Secure the blueprint (Electrical Plan)
o This is the guide for a safe and approved wiring installation.
• Budget
o Discuss the fund of the project. Submit proposal and warranty
arrangement.
• Personal Protective Equipment
o PPE needed in the project – it is important to determined what type
of environment that working for, either hazardous or nonhazardous
location to wear appropriate PPE.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Safety Gloves
Sometimes referred to as lineman's gloves, electrical
safety gloves are composed of highly dielectric,
strong insulating rubber and are designed to
protect technicians who are working on energized
electrical equipment and power lines.
Safety Belt/ Full Body Harnessed

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A full body harness is a harness designed to hold the

wearer upright in the event of a fall from height. If
worn correctly, a full body harness will distribute the
energy generated during free-fall across the wearers' body
evenly, reducing the potential for serious injury.
Safety Goggles
Goggles, meanwhile, sit directly on the face and
seal the wearer’s eyes, protecting them from splashes
and dust. Safety goggles also provide more reliable
protection from plastic and metal projectiles.
Safety Shoes
Anti-static shoes banish the stacking of static electricity
from the body and also provide a good level of resistance
to electrical hazards from live wires. The non-conductive
shoes are tagged as EH whereas anti-static is tagged as
ESD or SD. Leather safety shoes also come under the
category of Anti-static shoes.
Cover-all dress
Electrical workers shall wear arc rated natural fiber apparel
such as long sleeve shirts, long pants, jackets, coats, bib
overalls, or coveralls to protect the torso and limbs from
arc flash hazards. PPE must be arc rated at or above the
incident energy or category level of the equipment being
worked on.
EMERGENCY KIT

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Keep supplies in an easy to carry emergency preparedness kit that you can use at your
workplace.
• Adhesive tape
• Elastic wrap bandages
• Bandage strips and "butterfly" bandages in assorted sizes
• Super glue
• Rubber tourniquet or 16 French catheter
• Nonstick sterile bandages and roller gauze in assorted sizes
• Eye shield or pad
• Large triangular bandage (may be used as a sling)
• Aluminum finger splint
• Instant cold packs
• Cotton balls and cotton-tipped swabs
• Disposable nonlatex examination gloves, several pairs
• Duct tape
• Petroleum jelly or other lubricant
• Plastic bags, assorted sizes
• Safety pins in assorted sizes
• Scissors and tweezers
• Hand sanitizer
• Antibiotic ointment
• Antiseptic solution and towelettes
• Eyewash solution
• Thermometer
• Turkey baster or other bulb suction device for flushing wounds
• Sterile saline for irrigation, flushing
• Breathing barrier (surgical mask)
• Syringe, medicine cup or spoon
• First-aid manual

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• Hydrogen peroxide to disinfect

Need Tools and Equipment
Prepare the necessary tools and equipment for the project to prevent unnecessary
delays due to lack of tools and equipment to perform job.
Basic Tools and Equipment in Electrical Installation:
Hammer
Rip claw functionality: An electrician's hammer is
similar to a claw hammer, which can be distinguished
by its flat head and rip claw. It is designed for lifting up
floorboards, prying out nails, ripping wires and other
electrical installations from walls, and hammering in
nails and clips.
Tape measure
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible
ruler used to measure length or distance. Plastic tape
measure (cm). Manually reeled tape measure.
Laser level
Laser levels are a mainstream tool typically used
in the construction and surveying industry for levelling
and aligning applications. They project a constant red or
green line onto a surface on a horizontal or vertical plane
and can be used for anything from hanging a picture to
professional building work.
Flathead as well as Phillips screwdrivers

A flathead has a single blade, and a Phillips
has two blades in the shape of a cross. Attempts to use
a flathead tool on a screw designed for a Phillips usually

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won't be successful, and a Phillips screwdriver could

never be used on a slotted screw.
Electrical Pliers
Lineman's pliers are used by electricians to straighten,
cut, grip, twist, push, and pull wire. They are used to cut and
bend light gauge metal and pull staples and nails. The angular
edges on the outside edge of the jaws are designed to ream
down ridges and burs on the inside lip of cut pipes.
Needed Supplies and Materials
1. Check if the required materials are ready for the project.
Permit and legal Documents
Ex.: Work permit, Building Permit and Registration
Time of Completion
Estimated target date to finish the project or else where will be imposed penalties in
delay if included in the contract.
Self-check 2.1-1
IDENTIFICATION: Write the correct answer on the space provided.
1. It is Anti-static shoes banish the stacking of static electricity from the
body and also provide a good level of resistance to electrical hazards
from live wires.
2. It is a harness designed to hold the wearer upright in the event of a fall
from height.
3. It is a flexible ruler used to measure length or distance. Manually reeled.
4. Composed of highly dielectric, strong insulating rubber and are designed
to protect technicians who are working on energized electrical
equipment and power lines.

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5. Are used by electricians to straighten, cut, grip, twist, push, and pull
wire.
Answer Key 2.1-1

1. Safety Shoes
2. Full body harness
3. Tape measure or measuring tape
4. Safety Gloves
5. Electrical Pliers

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LEARNING OUTCOME 2: NSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE

DEVICES
• Safety procedures are followed in line with job requirements
• Correct procedures for installation of electrical protective devices are
performed in line with job requirements and PEC
• Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an agreed

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time, to a quality standard and with a minimum waste

• Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned events or
conditions occur
• On-going checks of quality of work are done in accordance with
instructions and requirements
CONTENTS:
• Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) requirements regarding installation of
electrical protection devices
• Uses of different protective devices
o panel board;
o circuit breaker;
o safety switch;
o ground fault current interrupting device (GFCI); and
o conventional atmospheric lightning protection and grounding system
CONDITION:
The following resources MUST be provided:
• Drawings and specifications relevant to the task
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

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Information Sheet 2.2-1

INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES

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1. Familiarization in Electrical protective devices

2. Install electrical protective devices
Electrical Protective Devices
These devices can identify and address unacceptable problems and take necessary
corrective action. Some examples of electrical protection devices are lightning
arresters, surge protectors, fuses, relays, circuit breakers, reclosers, and other devices.
Protective devices are important because they ensure that under fault conditions, a
high fault current cannot flow – as well as protecting the installation this, more
importantly, ensures that consumers are not injured or killed as a result of an electrical
fault.
Here are the some of the protection devices of the circuit:
Fuse
A fuse is an electrical safety device that protects
an electric circuit from excessive electric current. Fuses are
destroyed during overload conditions. When reasonable to
do so (and economically sensible), circuit breakers are used
instead because they are not destroyed during overload
conditions.
Circuit Breaker
Specifically, stopping the flow of current when any fault
occurs is the primary function of the circuit breaker. The
major advantage of the circuit breaker is, it can work
automatically to proceed the operations without any
external support. Additionally, there are many categories
of the circuit breaker, each one for its unique purposes. To
point out, it practices semiconductors for the protection.
Poly Switch
The passive electronic component and the resettable used to

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protect electronic circuit from mistakes of overcurrent. This

device may also know as a poly fuse and multi fuse. It is
applicable in various applications such as aerospace,
computers and to mention, and the substitution is not a simple task.
RCCB
The residual current circuit breaker (RCCB), a safety device
that is to notice the issues in your power supplies then turns
off it in 10-15 milliseconds to end the electric shock.
Additionally, these devices are resettable as well as the
testable apparatus. On the other hand, it is also known as a
residual current device (RCD).
Metal Oxide Varistor

A Varistor or VDR (voltage dependent resistor) is
an electronic component and the resistance of this is variable
and be contingent on the working voltage. The term Varistor
has been taken from the variable resistor. The supreme recurrent
type of voltage-dependent resistor is the MOV (metal oxide Varistor).
Inrush Current Limiter

Specifically, this type of electrical component arrests the
flow of inrush current through avoiding frequent damages
in the device and evade tripping circuit breakers and blowing
fuses. Specifically, these thermistors are usually much grander
to width kind thermistors, that is deliberately intended for power applications.
Gas Discharge Tube

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A gas discharge tube or gas-filled tube is a group of

electrodes in gas inside a temperature resistant cover and
sequestering. Even though the cover is typically glass,
power tubes recurrently hire ceramics, as well as military
tubes habitually service glass wrinkled metal.
Lighting Arrester
This is the specialized protection device that is much helpful to
manage the current flow and arrests the unwanted flow in the circuit.
As a result, all these protection devices are the best protection agent
to the circuit.
PRINCIPLES AND OPERATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

The circuit breaker is an electromechanical device whose function is to protect
electrical installations, being used in electrical distribution boards.
It works by interrupting the electric current when it exceeds its design
limitations, therefore preventing the supply of energy to the loads, and damage to the
circuit.
In other words, if the electric current supplied from the power source to your
blow dryer is higher than a predetermined number sized for your circuit breaker, the
device will trip, interrupting any more current to flow.
Advantage of Circuit Breaker over the Fuse:
The breaking capacity of a circuit breaker can be greater than equivalent fuses
(up to 150 kA). And under overload conditions, a circuit breaker can trip up to 1000
times faster than a fuse. Some circuit breakers also provide exceptional fault current
limitation, a capability previously associated only with fuses.
Important ratings when choosing a circuit breaker:
There are a few different criteria to consider when selecting a circuit breaker
including voltage, frequency, interrupting capacity, continuous current rating, unusual
operating conditions and product testing.

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Two important ratings to consider are; short-circuit current rating (this is

commonly referred to as the maximum interrupting rating) and the short-time current
rating. In this paper, we will discuss these circuit breaker ratings and how they can
affect the protection and selective coordination of the system.
Size the typical breaker current rating using an 80% utilization. This means,
when the expected maximum current of the circuit where the breaker to be installed is
100A, then the breaker current rating must be 125A (100A/80%). In other words,
always add 25% margin (100A X 1.25 = 125A).
Different Types of Circuit Breaker
Low Voltage Circuit Breaker. MCCB. ACB. MCB. RCCB.
A low voltage circuit breaker is a type of
electromechanical switch that breaks the circuit
manually or automatically under abnormal
conditions such as over current, over voltage, and
short circuit and works up to 1,000 V voltage rating.
Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers.

Medium voltage circuit breakers are the ones
which operate on voltage levels around 400 volts to
15kV approximately. The reason they are named so is
that extremely low voltage conditions are not suitable for
them to operate properly, neither a very high voltage
helps them perform their operation accurately.
SF6/VACUUM Circuit Breakers.

SF6 circuit breakers allow 5,000-20,000 mechanical
operations whereas vacuum circuit breakers have
10,000-30,000 mechanical operations possible. SF6
circuit breakers support 10-50 short-circuit operations.
This number is higher in the case of vacuum circuit

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breakers which can allow 30-100 short-circuit operations.
High Voltage Circuit Breakers.

High-voltage circuit breakers are mechanical switching
devices which connect and break current circuits
(operating currents and fault currents) and carry the
nominal current in closed position.
SAFETY SWITCH AND FUSES

Safety switches
Protect you from electric shock. They turn off the electricity within
milliseconds when a current leak is detected. This can happen if a faulty power
point, wiring or electrical appliance is being used. Circuit breakers and fuses
on the other hand protect the circuitry.
Safety switches play a vital role in the well-being, health and safety of the
occupants of the home. In the event of a leak within the electrical current from
either an appliance or from wiring touching something it's not supposed to the
safety switch will cut the power off in less than a second.
Interlocked switches
Used to transfer service from a normal power source to an alternate source, or
to switch from one load circuit to another, these safety switches have two
interlocked switches with a common connection. The design ensures both
switches cannot be closed at the same time, preventing them from being
operated in parallel.
Working Principle of an Electrical Fuse
To understand the working principle behind an electrical fuse, two critical concepts
should be kept in mind
• Current flows in a loop
• Heating effect of current
Electric current can flow through a conductor only when the circuit formed is
complete. If there is a break in the loop, electric charges cannot flow through.
This is also how switches operate.

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• For example, when you put on the light switches at home, the lights come on
because you have just completed the circuit allowing charges from the power source
to flow through and power your lights.
When current passes through a conductor, the different electrical components of the
circuit like the devices attached or even the wire itself, offer resistance to the current
flow.
• The work done to overcome this resistance presents itself in the form of heat.
• This is a simple explanation of the “heating effect” of current.
Principle of Electrical Fuse
The primary use of an electric fuse is to protect electrical equipment from excessive
current and to prevent short circuits or mismatched loads.
• Electrical fuses play the role of miniature circuit breakers.
• Apart from protecting equipment, they are also used as safety measures to prevent
any safety hazards to humans.
The fuse wire in an electrical fuse is selected in such a way that it does not face any
damage when the normally stipulated amount of current flows through the circuit.
• Under normal conditions, the fuse wire is a part of the circuitry, contributing
to a complete loop for charges to flow through it.
• However, when an excessive number of current flows through the fuse
wire, the heating effect of the current causes the fuse wire to melt.
• This is because the fuse wire is chosen such that it has a low melting point.
• This causes the loop to break thereby stopping the flow of charges in
the circuit.
It is important to select a fuse that is properly specified for the circuit in consideration.
• For example, if the fuse that is used is underrated, then it will fail even
under normal current conditions, unnecessarily breaking the circuit loop.
• If it is overrated, then it will not break the circuit when required and
cause equipment damage and failure and may even present itself as a safety
hazard.
It will not break the circuit when required and cause equipment damage and failure
and may even present itself as a safety hazard.
Function of Fuse

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In the field of electrical engineering, a fuse is a device that provides overcurrent

protection to the functional electrical circuit. Here, we have listed a few major
functions of the fuse.
• Acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body
• Prevents device failure due to faulty circuit operation
• Fuse prevents short-circuits
• Prevents overload and blackouts
• Prevents damage that is caused due to mismatched loads
The markings on the fuse carry information such as the Ampere rating, voltage rating,
and interruption rating.
Types of Fuses
Different types of fuses are available in the market, and they are classified on the
basis of different aspects. But mainly, fuses can be divided into two categories based
on the input supply as follows:
• AC fuses
• DC fuses
Given below is a flowchart of further classification of fuse:

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Self-check 2.2-2
IDENTIFICATION: Given the question, write the correct answer on space provided.
1. What is an electrical fuse?
2. What are the types of electrical fuse?
3. Acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body?
4. The markings on the fuse carry which type of information?
5. List some functions of the fuse.

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Answer Key 2.2-2

1. An electrical fuse is a safety device that operates to provide protection
against the overflow of current in an electrical circuit.
2. AC fuses & DC fuses
3. Electrical Fuse
4. The markings on the fuse carry information such as the Ampere rating,
voltage rating, and interruption rating.
5. Functions of the fuse are:
 Prevents device failure due to faulty circuit operation Prevents overload and
blackouts
 Fuse prevents short-circuits
 Prevents damage that is caused due to mismatched loads

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LEARNING OUTCOME 3: INSTALL LIGHTING FIXTURE AND

AUXILIARY OUTLET
• Safety procedures are followed
• Correct procedures for installation of lighting fixture and auxiliaries are
performed in line with job requirements
• Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an agreed
time, to a quality standard and with a minimum waste
• Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned events or
conditions occur.
• On-going checks of quality of work are undertaken in accordance with
CONTENTS:
• Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) requirements regarding installation of
lighting fixture and auxiliary outlet
• Types of lighting fixtures and installation technique

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• Ratings of lighting fixture

CONDITION:
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Information Sheet 2.3-1

INSTALL LIGHTING FIXTURE AND AUXILIARY OUTLET LEARNING
OBJECTIVES:
1. Familiarization in lightning fixture and auxiliary outlet
2. Install lightning fixture and auxiliary outlet
LIGHTING FIXTURE
 Lighting fixtures provide light. They can be used as decorative elements in the
home or building, or they can serve a practical purpose such as providing
lighting for areas that are not normally illuminated.
Types of Lightning Fixture:

Recessed Lighting
Recessed lighting is lighting built into the ceiling that
either does not protrude or barely protrudes from the

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surface of the ceiling. It blends comfortably with most

interior designs without drawing the eye up or occupying
floor, table, or wall space. Recessed lighting offers a wide
range of lighting effects by utilizing different beam angles
and spreads.
Track Lighting & Monorail

Track lighting and monorail are systems of electrified
track and attachable lighting elements. Track boasts a
flexible approach to accent and display lighting since
you have the ability to place lighting elements wherever
you choose. Better yet, you can relocate, re-aim, or replace
the fixtures on the track at any time.
Linear LED
Linear LED lighting has become the industry go-to
for lighting hard-to- reach spaces. The low-profile
strips can be installed directly into ceiling coves,
cabinets, or built-in bookshelves for discreet accent
or task lighting. But don’t just think small – they can
also be installed in the ceiling or walls for eye- catching
lines of light.
Chandeliers
A chandelier is a hanging fixture that has several luminous
elements. They are often used as a focal point in foyers and
dining rooms, and help establish a room’s tone and style.
Since they are often decorative, chandeliers are most
effective when paired with other fixtures to ensure sufficient

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room lighting.
Pendants
A pendant is a hanging fixture with a single, central
luminous element. In general, pendants tend to be smaller
and less formal than chandeliers, and multiple pendants are
often hung side by side. As well as being decorative, many
pendants can also provide task lighting. For that reason,
they’re a favorite for over kitchen islands.
Sconces
A sconce is a wall-mounted light fixture. They can be used in
nearly any space, but are often found in hallways, living rooms,
dining rooms, and bathrooms. In bathrooms, sconces can provide
excellent task lighting when mount over or on either side of a mirror.
Ceiling Lights
Ceiling lights can be very useful to provide ambient
light in lower- ceilinged rooms, and come in flush and
semi-flush varieties. Flush mount ceiling lights attach
directly to the ceiling, or are “flush” against it. Semi-flush
ceiling lights hang from the ceiling but still stay closer to it
than a pendant or chandelier.
Floor & Table Lamps

Floor and table lamps are standalone, portable light fixtures
that provide localized task or ambient lighting. Some lamps
have shades to diffuse light, others are designed to light a
specific small area. Lamps are available in integrated LED
and incandescent, and range from traditional to ultra-modern.

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Outdoor Lighting
Outdoor lighting provides a welcoming first impression
for visitors as well as practical illumination for security and
outdoor activities. Nowadays, residential landscape lighting
is typically small-scale, low-voltage, and LED. Decorative
sconces, pendants, and post lights are typically line-voltage
and come in a variety of styles and sizes.
When to Replace a Light Fixture
 Light fixtures rarely need to be replaced. They are simple and rarely fail or
break. However, you may want to change an old light fixture to modernize
your space. In addition, you may wish for a fixture that provides lighter or has
smart features. For example, there are light fixtures that connect to Alexa or
your smartphone and can change any color you want.
 However, you can upgrade a light fixture without replacing it. Most hardware
stores sell replacement globes, shades, wires and chains. In addition, you can
buy a specialty light bulb to change the appearance of your fixture. If you
really want to be thrifty and crafty, you can paint your current fixture to
update its appearance.
Safety Considerations
 Anytime you work with electricity, there is a risk of electrical shock. Always
turn off the power to any circuits you are working on. Always read and follow
the manufacturer’s instructions when installing any component in your home.
 Call a licensed electrician if the wiring in your home is damaged or
incompatible with your fixture.
 Always wear the proper PPE such as safety glasses and gloves.
Tools
• Screwdriver
• Non-contact voltage tester
• Work light or headlamp
• Ladder
• Wire strippers
Materials

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New light fixture
AUXILIARY OUTLET
Electrical outlets (also known as outlets, electrical sockets, plugs, and wall plugs)
allow electrical equipment to connect to the electrical grid. The electrical grid
provides alternating current to the outlet. There are two primary types of outlets:
domestic and industrial. While not obvious from looking at them, the two sides of an
electrical outlet represent part of a 'loop of wire' and plugging an electrical device into
that outlet completes that loop, which allows electricity to flow through the device so
it can operate. In other words, each side of an electrical outlet acts as a terminal.
Domestic sockets
Domestic electrical outlets supply 120 volts in North America and 220-240 volts in
Europe, with most nations having outlets supplying voltages similar to one of those
two values. Socket size and shape vary greatly from country to country (see figure 1),
and for more information on the various sockets and plugs used around the world,
visit World Wanders. These differences don't change the basic design for creating a
circuit to draw electricity from the grid. Throughout these different designs some
fundamental components remain the same for most types of sockets.
Polarization
Most outlets are polarized for safety. Polarized plugs can only be inserted into them
one way (which seems annoying, but is actually an important safety feature). In North
America, this is accomplished by having two differently sized slots in addition to the
rounded grounding slot, the larger of which is called the neutral line, and the smaller
called the hot line (see figure 2). The neutral is connected by a wire to ground, so its
voltage is 0 V. Instead, the hot slot supplies the voltage required to draw current, and
when a plug is inserted into the socket, the energy flows in from the hot slot, through
the circuit, and ends at the neutral, which disperses the energy into the ground. Of
course, to complete the circuit all the way back to the generator, the neutral is also
connected back to the original distribution system in addition to being grounded at
multiple locations.
Grounding

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Most modern sockets in North America have a grounding slot in addition to the hot
and neutral (see figure 3). The grounding wire is connected much like the neutral, as it
also connects to a grounded neutral tie block. The grounding slot is important for
devices with a metallic casing or metal-cased power supply, like computers. If a hot
wire in the internal circuitry of an electronic device frayed or somehow came into
contact with a metallic casing, the entire device would then become a serious shock
hazard. However, the grounding wire is directly connected to the casing of the device
and will neutralize the risk of shock by diverting current to the ground, which will trip
the circuit breaker, and stop the current flow to the device. Also, the ground prong
will be longer than the neutral and hot prongs so that the device is grounded before it
ever becomes "hot" or "live."
Outlet types include:

TWO-PRONGED RECEPTACLE
 Two-prong outlets are outlets featuring only two
wires—a neutral wire and a hot wire. These outlets are
typically found in older homes, as they were the standard
option before the 1960s.
GROUNDED RECEPTACLE
The standard 3-prong receptacle is called a grounding
receptacle because it allows a grounding wire to be
connected from the electrical circuit to the appliance.
The grounding wire is connected to the third prong of the plug.
TAMPER-RESISTANT RECEPTACLE
These receptacles have spring-loaded shutters that close
off the contact openings, or slots, of the receptacles.

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ARC FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER RECEPTACLE

Eaton's Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) receptacles are
designed to recognize dangerous arcs in your wiring and
immediately break the flow of electricity, thus preventing
your electrical system from becoming an ignition source for a
fire.
SURGE SUPPRESSION RECEPTACLE

A surge suppressor, sometimes optimistically called a surge
protector, is a device inserted in the alternating current (AC)
utility line and/or telephone line to prevent damage to
electronic equipment from voltage spikes, or transients.
A more accurate term for this type of device is transient suppressor.
USB RECEPTACLE
The USB 'receptacle' is the mechanical connector –
the thing you plug a USB cable into. That consists of
electrical contacts in a plastic-and-metal housing.
The USB 'port' describes the connector, communication
electronics, software and any power supply electronics needed by the equipment the
port is in.
Lightning Fixture Replacement
• Turn off the power. Turn on the light you plan to replace. Go to your breaker
box and turn off the respective breaker. Ensure the light is off, indicating that
the power is off.
o Remove the light fixture. There are usually two to three screws or knobs to
remove. Sometimes the trim will twist off, revealing the screws. You should
never have to pry hard to remove anything. You may need a helper to hold the
light fixture while disconnecting the wires. Never leave the fixture hanging by
the wires.

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o Confirm the power is off. You can never be too sure that the power is off. Use a
non-contact voltage tester to test the wires. Touch the wires with the tester. If
the tester is green, the power is off, and it’s safe to work on. If the tester is red,
the power is on.
o Disconnect the wiring. Take a photo first to refer to it when rewiring the new
fixture. Next, twist the wire nuts counterclockwise to remove them. Throw the
wire nuts out because you cannot reuse wire nuts. Twist the wires
counterclockwise to disconnect them and remove the fixture.
o Remove the mounting bracket. Every fixture comes with its own mounting
bracket. They are usually attached to the wiring junction box but may be
attached to the wall. Carefully remove the screws and the bracket. You may
need to patch the holes if the new fixture does not cover them.
o Install the new mounting bracket. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for
installing the new bracket. The brackets are typically installed with two screws
into the junction box.
o Connect the wiring. Generally, there are three wires – one black, one white and
one bare wire. These wires will connect to the corresponding colors in the
junction box wiring. Use wire strippers to remove 1/2-inch- of the plastic jacket
if needed. Twist the wires together in a clockwise direction. Twist the new wire
nuts over the wires in a clockwise direction. Stuff the wiring inside of the
junction box.
o Mount the new light fixture. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to mount
the new light fixture onto the mounting bracket.
o Install light bulbs and trim. Most light fixtures come with trim to cover the hole
in the wall or purely decorative trim. Follow the manufacturers to finish up the
installation.
o Test the light fixture. Turn the breaker back on and test to ensure your light is
working.
Is it safe to replace an outlet?
Once there is no current, you can be confident the outlet is safe to replace. Keep in
mind that different voltage testers emit different signals to indicate that the outlet still
has access to electricity. Make sure the tester you're using is equipped with working
batteries before you proceed with replacing the outlet.

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Self-check 2.3-3
TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
Write your answer in the space provided.

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1. Two-prong outlets are outlets featuring only two wires—a neutral wire
and a hot wire.
2. The USB 'receptacle' is the mechanical connector - the thing you plug a
USB cable into. That consists of electrical contacts in a plastic-and-
metal housing. The USB 'port' describes the connector, communication
electronics, software and any power supply electronics needed by the
equipment the port is in.
3. A surge suppressor, sometimes optimistically called a surge protector, is
a device inserted in the alternating current (AC) utility line and/or
telephone line to prevent damage to electronic equipment from voltage
spikes, or transients.
4. The standard 3-prong receptacle is called a grounding receptacle
because it allows a grounding wire to be connected from the electrical
circuit to the appliance. The grounding wire is connected to the third
prong of the plug.
5. The grounding wire is connected much like the neutral, as it also
connects to a grounded neutral tie block. The grounding slot is important
for devices with a metallic casing or metal-cased power supply, like
computers.
Answer Key 2.3-3

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1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

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Performance Task 2.3-3

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Performance Criteria Checklist 2.3-3

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LEARNING OUTCOME 4: NOTIFY COMPLETION OF WORK
• Final checks are made to ensure the work conforms with instructions
and requirements
• Supervisor is notified upon completion of work
• Tools, equipment and any surplus resources and materials are, where
appropriate, cleaned, checked and returned to storage in accordance with
established procedures
• Work area is cleaned and made safe
CONTENTS:
• Processes, Operations, Systems
o Maintenance of tools
o Storage of tools
• Checking and conforming procedures for installation based on job
requirement
• Good housekeeping
CONDITION:
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

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Information Sheet 2.4-1 NOTIFY COMPLETION OF WORK

1. Checking and conforming procedures for installation based on job
requirement.
2. Good housekeeping
Power tools need to be stored in a dry, clean place. Storing power tools in a moist
environment can lead to problems with the electrical components and cause corrosion.
This can cause safety issues or cause your tool to stop working completely. Tools also
should be stored inside a case or cabinet when not in use.
With installation, correctly installing electrical systems is vital to ensure the safety of
those working with or near the equipment and to prevent any damaging electrical
fires. Maintenance is equally important, as it helps to keep equipment running safely
and efficiently.
Clean, Inspect and Care for Tools
Make it a habit to clean tools after each use before you return them to
storage. Wipe them down with a rag or old towel and be sure they are free of dust,
grease and debris before you put them into their proper places. This is also an
opportunity to look for any damage or defects.
Check the handle and body casing of the tool for cracks or other damage. If
the tool has auxiliary or double handles, check to see that they installed securely.
Inspect cords for defects: check the power cord for cracking, fraying, and other signs
of wear or faults in the cord insulation.
8 Maintenance Tips for Long-Lasting Power Tools
Your tools are your most valuable asset. They are what make doing your job
possible. Effective power tool maintenance is the key to making those tools last and
protecting your investment. Most tool maintenance practices are very simple, easy
habits that you can apply daily.

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Cool Down Heated Tools

Overworking a tool puts a lot of stress on its motor and can cause it to
overheat. This mostly happens when you are trying to work through a difficult
material, like drilling into concrete or sawing a very hard wood. Overheating can also
occur if you run a tool too long without stopping. If your tool seems like it is getting
hot, stop what you are doing and give it a break until it can cool down. This will help
save you from wearing out the motor or burning out parts.
Clean Regularly
For your best tool maintenance, power tools should be cleaned at the end of
every shift and before they are stored away for the night. You can wipe dirt and other
particles from the outside casing with a good cleaning cloth. Compressed air is the
best option to clean the particles from the tool’s vents; cleaning your tool’s exhaust
vents with a brush could push the dirt farther into the tool and inadvertently cause
more damage later.
Lubricate
Lubrication is a must to keep all the moving parts on your power tools
working properly. Check the tool maintenance section of your owner’s manual and
follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to correctly lubricate your tool’s model
and which lubricant to use. Keeping your tool well-lubed keeps the parts from
chafing, heating and corroding.
Sharpen Bits and Blades
Using old and worn-out drill bits or saw blades means you have to work your
power tool even harder to get the job done. This causes extra stress on the motor
which can damage parts or cause the tool to overheat with stress. Likewise, it is also
important to make sure you are using the right bit for the material you are working
Calibrate
Power tools are precision instruments. They use a lot of moving parts that
need to remain in alignment. The tool maintenance schedule in your user’s manual
will outline when a tool should be recalibrated, usually after a specified amount of use
hours. Most tool companies offer calibration services for their products.
Tool Storage
Power tools need to be stored in a dry, clean place. Storing power tools in a
moist environment can lead to problems with the electrical components and cause
corrosion. This can cause safety issues or cause your tool to stop working completely.
Tools also should be stored inside a case or cabinet when not in use. This helps
eliminate excess dust and particles getting into the tools through the vents when not in
use.

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Replace Worn Parts

As your tool gets used, some parts will eventually need to be replaced. One of
the most common replacements is the tool’s carbon brushes, which are responsible for
conducting electricity through the motor. If your tool has a drive belt, like in a belt
sander or some power saws, monitor it for wear and replace worn drive belts before
they snap. Power cords and switch assemblies are also parts that tend to become
damaged over time and are known for needing replacements.
Battery Care
Lithium-ion batteries are the current standard for power tools. One of the most
important factors to keeping your lithium-ion battery well maintained is to manage
heat. Allowing a battery to overheat can fry it beyond repair. Store your batteries in a
climate-controlled area and avoid leaving it in places where the temperature spikes
(such as in the back of an enclosed truck). Do not let the battery run completely down
before recharging it.
Implementing daily maintenance routines is the best way to prevent
problems with your power tools. A simple dusting can remove dirt and particles that
could otherwise end up in your gears or start corroding your electrical system.
Keeping your tools clean, cool and effectively oiled is a sure way to get the most out
of them.
Ways to make your equipment last longer
➢ Read the User Guide
➢ Use the Correct Equipment For The Job
o Using the right piece of equipment to carry out a task will avoid
unnecessary wear and tear on machinery, as well as assist with
completing the job in the best possible way.
➢ Know Your Machinery
o Before using a piece of equipment, ensure you, and all other
operators, know how it works and what it is for. Carry out a test run
if possible. You should also be aware of the age of the equipment,
expected life span, warranty information and any known issues and
fixes. This will ensure it is used in the correct way to prevent
breakages and for safety, and you will know what to expect of it and
if it doesn’t meet these expectations.
➢ Inspect Regularly
o Regular inspections on equipment can point up inconsistencies and
issues that may not be noticed in day-today use. Repair or
replacement can then be arranged before the issue gets any worse

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and causes damage to the equipment or becomes unsafe. Depending

on the nature of the equipment, it may be mandatory to thoroughly
examine regularly by a qualified engineer.
➢ Carry Out Regular Maintenance, Using a Schedule
o If something goes wrong, if is usually imperative that it is fixed
quickly and correctly. Regular servicing can avoid unnecessary large
outlays.
➢ Replace Parts When Needed
o With equipment that is being used a lot, smaller parts will wear and need
replacing to keep it running to the best of its ability. It is best to change them as soon
as they need replacing, as this will often prevent damage or wear to other parts. It’s
good to keep a small stock of popular parts that you use of a lot of, so you have them
to hand to prevent equipment down-time.
➢ Clean After Use

o Cleaning equipment after using, especially equipment being used for concrete,
or muck and waste, will prevent built-up of excess in moving parts, which can cause
breakages or loss of movement. A quick rinse down at the end of a shift, while the
waste is easy to remove, can save a lot of time the next day.
➢ Repair and Refurbish, Rather Than Replace

o When your equipment starts looking and tired and doesn’t quite work as well
as the day you bought it, it is tempting to go with the easy option and replace it.
➢ Store Correctly
o Storage is important when it comes to looking after equipment, especially
smaller pieces of equipment that can easily get lost or damaged on a busy construction
site. The majority of hard-wearing equipment is weatherproof and designed to
withstand harsh conditions, however, it will usually last longer if looked after and
stored in its correct, safe, visible position.
➢ Use Quality Equipment

o As famously quoted by Warren Buffett “Price is what you pay. Value is what
you get.” As with anything in life, you get what you pay for. If you are willing to
spend a little more for a superior quality piece of equipment, the likelihood is that you
will still be using it long after you would an inferior piece. Quality is also safety, so
by using better equipment the operator will be less at risk of danger.
Safety tips: When working around energized lines, wear non-conductive
clothing and required personal protective equipment, including insulated rubber

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gloves. Never touch electrical lines or equipment in wet conditions. Do not leave
electrical contacts or conductors exposed.
A good housekeeping program plans and manages the orderly storage and
movement of materials from point of entry to exit. It includes a material flow plan to
ensure minimal handling. The plan also makes sure that work areas are not used as
storage areas by having workers move materials to and from work areas as needed.
Good housekeeping includes identifying electrical hazards such as extension
cords and overloaded circuits. Dust or lint build up on machinery or work surfaces is
not a safety hazard. Good housekeeping takes a lot of time away from other tasks. A neat and
clean work area helps improve emergency response.
Electric Cleaning Equipment

Box Sweeper − It is electric sweeper that consists of a friction brush. The brush often
is fit to revolve vertically or horizontally, when the equipment moves on the surface.
It can clean floors as well as carpets. The wider the better is the box sweeper brush.
5 OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
SORT. Focuses on eliminating unnecessary items from the workplace that are not
needed for current production operations.
SHINE. Once the clutter that has been clogging the work areas is eliminated and
remaining items are organized, the next step is to thoroughly clean the work area.
Daily follow-up cleaning is necessary to sustain this improvement.
SET IN ORDER. Focuses on creating efficient and effective storage methods to
arrange items so that they are easy to use and to label them so that they are easy to
find and put away.
STANDARDIZE. Once the first three 5S's have been implemented, the next pillar is
to standardize the best practices in the work area. Standardize, the method to maintain
the first three pillars, creates a consistent approach with which tasks and procedures
are done.
SUSTAIN. Focuses on defining a new status quo and standard of work place
organization. Without the Sustain pillar the achievements of the other pillars will not
last long.

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Self-check 2.4-4
IDENTIFICATION: Write the correct answer on space provided.

1. It is electric sweeper that consists of a friction brush. The brush often is fit to
revolve vertically or horizontally, when the equipment moves on the surface. It can
clean floors as well as carpets. The wider the better is the box sweeper brush.
2. It is a must to keep all the moving parts on your power tools
working properly.
3. Need to be stored in a dry, clean place. Storing power tools in a
moist environment can lead to problems with the electrical components and
cause corrosion.
4. Focuses on eliminating unnecessary items from the workplace that are not
needed for current production operations.
5. Focuses on defining a new status quo and standard of work place organization.
Without the Sustain pillar the achievements of the other pillars will not last long.

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INUMERATION: List 5 of Good Housekeeping. 6.

7.
8.
9.
10.
Answer Key 2.4-4

1. Box Sweeper
2. Lubrication
3. Power tools
4. Sort
5. Sustain
6. Sort
7. Shine
8. Set in order
9. Standardize
10. Sustain

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NCII Developed by:
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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Qualification Title : ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND

Unit of Competency : PERFORM ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES, WIRING AND

Module Title : PERFORMING ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES, WIRING

SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

The module, competency “PERFORMING ROUGHING-IN

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

 Talk with more experienced colleagues and ask for guidance.

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

1.4 Prepare  Lecture  Written test or 6 hours

1.5 Perform  Lecture  Written test or 16 hours

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

2. Install electrical 2.1 Plan and  Lecture  Written test or 8 hours

2.2 Install  Lecture  Written test or 16 hours

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

2.4 Notify  Lecture  Written test or 4 hours

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

Video  Project method

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

in, wiring and wiring and cabling works for

INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM ROUGHING IN ACTIVITIES,

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

POWER, LIGHTING, AND

MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING ROUGHING IN

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY NUMBER 1.1.1

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

1. Correct drawings are interpreted based on job requirements

 Interpret electrical wiring diagrams and mechanical drawings

Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

o lock nuts, bushing, adapters

INFORMATION SHEET NUMBER 1.1.1:

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

CIRCUIT DRAWINGS AND WIRING DIAGRAMS

Figure 1—Block diagram

Figure 2—One-line diagram

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

Figure 3—Circuit drawing

Figure 4—Schematic diagram

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial representation of an

Wiring diagram (or pictorial): a simplified conventional pictorial

Figure 5—Wiring diagram

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

SELF CHECK 1.1-1

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

1. Block diagram: a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions

2. Line diagram: a one-line diagram or single-line diagram is a simplified

3. Pictorial diagram a diagram that represents the elements of a system using

5. Wiring diagram: a simplified conventional pictorial representation of an

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

INFORMATION SHEET NUMBER 1.1.2:

Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24

 An ordinary hacksaw or special wheel pipe cutter is used for cutting,

 Bending can be done manually, using a bending tool commonly called a

EIM-CBLM-Core 1 2 & 3

EIM-CBLM-Core 1 2 & 3