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Sector : ELECTRICAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANC NCII
Page No.
Core Competency 1. Perform Roughing-in Activities, 1-94
Wiring and Cabling Works for
Single Phase Distribution, Power, 1
Lighting and Auxiliary Systems 2
( ELC 741301 ) 4-5
How to use this module 6-11
List of competencies 12
Introduction 13-43
LO 1 44-61
LO 2 62-67
LO 3 68-79
80-93
LO 4
94
LO 5
Performance Checklist
Core Competency 2. 95-140
INSTALL ELECTRICAL
PROTECTIVE DEVICES FOR
DISTRIBUTION, POWER,
LIGHTING, AUXILIARY,
LIGHTING PROTECTION AND
GROUNDING SYSTEMS
( ELC 741302 )
How to use this module 95
List of competencies 96
Introduction 97-99
LO 1 100-108
LO 2 109-119
LO 3 120-130
Performance task 131
Performance Criteria
Checklist 132
LO 4 133-140
Install Wiring Devices Of Floor 141-179
Core Competency 3. and Wall Mounted Outlets,
Lighting Fixtures/Switches and
Auxiliary Outlets ( ELC 741303 )
How to use 141
List f Competency 142
LO 1 143-153
154-161
LO 2 162-170
LO 3 171-179
LO 4
WELCOME!
The unit of competency “PERFORM ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES,
WIRING AND CABLING WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION,
POWER, LIGHTING AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS”, is one of the core
competencies of ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II,
a course which comprises the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a TVET
trainee.
Remember to:
Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize your training on
the particular unit. Read through Competency Based Learning Material
carefully. It is divided into sections which cover all the skills and knowledge
you need to successfully complete.
Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor. He / She will be there
to support and show you the correct way to do things. Ask for help if you need
any assistance.
Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider
when doing the activities. It is important for you to listen and take notes.
You will have plenty of opportunities to ask questions and undergo rigid
practice. This will help you in achieving competency in your new skills.
Ample practice will also improve your speed, memory and confidence.
Answer self-checks at the end of each section to test your own progress.
When you finished each element and feel that you are ready, demonstrate the
activities outlined in the learning material to your trainer.
As your work through the activities, your trainer will be taking note of your
performance. He / She will be providing feedback on your progress. Your
readiness for assessment will be reflected in his/her report, if and when you
have successfully completed each eement.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency
before moving to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be
awarded to you after passing the evaluation.
Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24
EIM Date Revised: Issued by:
NCII Developed by:
Diala, Porio, Revision # 0 Page 5 of 182
Inaanuran,
Ursolino, Ponpon
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
CORE COMPETENCY
“PERFORMING ROUGHING-IN ACTIVITIES, WIRING AND CABLING
WORKS FOR SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING
AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS”
(70 Hours)
Assessment Nominal
Unit of Learning Methodologies
Competency Outcomes Methods Duration
1. Perform 1.1 Install Lecture Written test or 16 hours
roughing- in, electrical Demonstration examination
wiring and metallic Modular Direct
cabling works /non- (self-paced) observation and
for single- metallic Dualized- questioning
phase (PVC training Demonstration
distribution, conduit) PowerPoint/
(able to impart
power, lighting Video knowledge and
and auxiliary presentation skills)
systems
Project method
Practical Lab/
Exercises
1.2 Install wire Lecture Written test or 16 hours
ways and Demonstration examination
cable tray Modular Direct
(self-paced) observation and
Dualized- questioning
training
Demonstration
PowerPoint/
(able to impart
Video
knowledge and
presentation
skills)
Project method
Practical Lab/
Exercises
1.3 Install Lecture Written test or 12 hours
auxiliary Demonstration examination
terminal Modular Direct
cabinet and (self-paced) observation and
distribution Dualized- questioning
panel training Demonstration
PowerPoint/
(able to impart
Video knowledge and
presentation
skills)
Project method
Practical Lab/
Exercises
CORE COMPETENCIES:
Units of Competency Module Title Code
1. Perform roughing- 1.1 Performing roughing-in, ELC741301
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
CONDUITS:
Learning Materials
o Learning elements
o Manuals
o Books and
o Philippine Electrical Code/National Electrical Code,
Latest Edition
METHODOLOGIES:
Lecture
Demonstration
Modular (self paced)
Dualized-training
PowerPoint/Video presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
Written test or examination
Direct observation and questioning
Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)
Project method
Practical Lab/ Exercises
SYMBOL LEGEND
21 mm Duplex receptacle
Single-pole switch
1×4
fluorescent
21 mm
Electrical
panel
EMT run
Armoured cable
run (B/X)
12' 4x4 junction box
1. Block diagram
2. Line diagram
3. Pictorial diagram
4. Schematic diagram
5. Wiring diagram
4. Schematic diagram: a diagram that uses lines to represent the wires and
symbols to represent components. It is used to show how the circuit functions.
Another type of rigid conduit approved for use by NAVFAC is the polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) pipe. (Figure 10-23) Plastic conduit is especially suitable for
use in areas where corrosion of metal conduit is a problem.
Thin-Wall Conduit
Electric metallic tubing (EMT) or thin-wall conduit is a conduit with a wall
thickness much less than that of rigid conduit.
The type used will depend on the type of installation and the wire size.
Most connectors operate on the same principle, that of gripping or
pressing the conductors together.
Wire nuts are used extensively for connecting insulated single conductors
(both solid and stranded) installed inside of buildings.
Outlet Boxes
An outlet box is simply a metal (or plastic) container, set flush or nearly flush
with the wall, floor, or ceiling, into which an outlet receptacle or switch will
be inserted and fastened. Outlet boxes used in Navy construction are usually
made of galvanized steel. However, along with the increase of other plastic
materials in construction, nonmetallic boxes made of rigid plastic compounds
are being used for approved installation.
Outlet boxes bind together the elements of a conduit or cable system in a
continuously grounded system. They also provide a means of holding conduit
in position, along with space and protection for mounted switches and
receptacles and working space for making splices and connections.
Boxes can be round, octagonal, square, or rectangular.
Typical outlet boxes
Besides the boxes shown, special boxes called conduit gang boxes are made to
accommodate three, four, five, or six switches.
The NEC® requires outlet boxes be 1 1/2 in. deep except where the use of a box that
deep would result in injury to the building structure or is impractical. In such cases, a
box not less than 1/2 in. deep may be used. For switch boxes, 2 1/2-in. in depth is the
most widely used.
Also per NEC® requirements, outside edges of outlet and switch boxes
without flush plates cannot be recessed more than 1/4 in. below the
surface of the finished wall.
Receptacles
Strip receptacles (Figure 10-28, View D) used in the Navy allow movement
of the receptacle to any desired location. These strips are available in 3-ft and
6- ft lengths and may be used around the entire room. They are particularly
desirable with portable equipment or fixtures such as drafting tables and
audio-visual equipment. Exterior locations require special weatherproof
outlets to resist weather damage and minimize potential hazards from water
contacting the conductors.
Switches
For interior wiring, single-pole, three- or four-way toggle switches are used.
Most of the switches will be single-pole, but occasionally a three-way
system is installed, and on rare occasions, a four-way system.
single-pole switch is a one-blade, on-and-off switch that may be installed
singly or in multiples of two or more in a gang box.
In a three-way switch circuit there are two positions, either of which may be
used to turn a light ON or OFF.
The typical situation is one in which one switch is at the head of a stairway
and the other at the foot.
Note that three- and four-way switches can be used as single-pole switches,
and four-way switches can be used as three-way switches. Some activities
may install all small-wattage, four-way switches for all lighting circuits to
reduce their inventories.
However, three- and four-way switches are usually larger than single-pole
switches and take up more box room. The size of a switch depends
on its ampacity (related maximum amperage capacity). The ampacity and
maximum allowable voltage are stamped on the switch.
(LFMC)
A flexible metallic conduit forms a hollow tube in which electrical wires are
passed. It is highly recommended in dry areas. The Flexible Metallic
Conduit also called greenfield of flex, does not maintain permanent bend and
it can be used where EMT is impractical to use. However, a liquid-tight
flexible metal conduit is covered by a plastic waterproof coating. Its
interior is very similar to the flexible metallic conduit. It is
recommended for use in general wiring, wet or damp locations. It can also be
used to direct burial; concrete embedded, and site lighting jobs.
PVC is the lightest conduit material and usually the most affordable type of
conduit. PVC pipes can vary in thickness depending on the uses and where
the PVC will be installed. The PVC conduit resists moisture and corrosion
but the tubing is non-conductive an extra grounding conductor must be
passed into each conduit. PVC conduit has a higher thermal coefficient of
expansion allowing the conduit to expand and contract. Be aware the
installing PVC underground in multiple or parallel run configurations,
mutual heating might cause problems on cable performance.
TEST I:
Dry 1/2″ 3′
through
Wet
(coupling) (coupling)
Cutting conduit
The first step when cutting conduit is to secure it in a vise. This will help you make straighter
cuts and avoid broken blades. If a vise is not available, brace the conduit against a secure
surface such as a wall stud or a sawhorse. A hacksaw is normally used to cut all types of
conduit. A reciprocating saw outfitted with a metal-cutting blade is also used to cut conduit.
Either saw should be fitted with a blade having 18 to 24 teeth per inch for a clean cut. See
Figure 4-15
Tighten the pipe cutter Rotate the pipe cutter Repeat the first two steps
until it is snug. around the conduit. until the conduit breaks.
Hacksa Reciprocating
w saw
Most bends in EMT are made with a conduit bender. Always use the correct size
bender for the conduit you are bending. This tool is designed to create a bend with the
proper bend radius. The NEC lists the minimum radius of conduit bends in Chapter
9, Table 2.
Typical bends include stub (also known as stub-up), back-to-back, offset, and saddle.
The following sections will help you make these fundamental bends. Bending conduit
is an important skill you can master with practice
Burrs may be removed with metal files. Use a flat file to remove any burrs
on the outside of the conduit. Slide a round file in and out at a slight angle
while rotating the conduit.
Stub Bend
-brings a horizontal run of conduit up or down to an outlet box. Practicing
this basic bend will help you become familiar with the conduit bender.
1. Measure the height of the total bend. This is typically from the
bottom of the horizontal conduit to the bottom of an electrical box.
2. Take this distance and subtract the radius of the conduit bender.
The resulting number is the distance to mark from the end of the
conduit.
3. Place the conduit in the bender with this mark aligned to the
bender’s arrow.
4. Press down on the foot pedal of the bender (while guiding the handle
to keep the bend perpendicular to the floor) until the stub is 90°.
5. Use a torpedo level to confirm that the stub is vertical. See Figure 4-18.
Step 1 Step 2
Subtract 5″ from the total height of the Align the arrow of the bender
stub bend. This will be a 10″ stub. with the mark on the conduit.
Step 3 Step 4
Apply pressure on the Stop bending the conduit
bender with your foot. when it reaches 90°.
Your hand should only
guide the direction of the bend.
Figure 4-18. Make a stub bend with a conduit bender and check it with a torpedo
level.
Back-to-Back Bend
A back-to-back bend produces two 90° bends on a single length of conduit. After the
bends are made, both ends of the conduit are pointing in the same direction.
1. Create the first bend by following the stub bend procedure.
2. Mark the distance from the outside of the first bend to the position
where the outside of the second bend should be.
3. Place the conduit into the bender so that the star point is aligned with
this mark.
5. Mark the conduit where the height of the second bend should be.
6. Cut the second bend at the mark. This is much more accurate than
trying to control the height prior to bending, as you would while
making a stub bend. See Figure 4-19
STEP 1
The distance between the
outside of both bends when
completed will be 40″.
Measure this
distance from
the outside of
the first bend
and mark
Step 2
Align the star of the bender
with the mark on the conduit
Step 3
Apply pressure on the bender
with your foot. Your hand
should only guide the direction
of the bend.
Step 4
Stop bending the conduit when
it reaches 90°.
Step 5
1. Cutting conduit
The first step when cutting conduit is to secure it in a vise. This will help you make
straighter cuts and avoid broken blades. If a vise is not available, brace the conduit
against a secure surface such as a wall stud or a sawhorse.
2. Reaming conduit
The ends of a length of conduit must be smooth to prevent any damage to the wire’s
insulation. After cutting the conduit, use a reamer, round file, or a deburring tool to
remove the burrs
3. Bending metallic conduit
The purpose of bending conduit is to route it around corners and over obstructions.
There are numerous special manufactured fittings avail-able that could be used to
achieve similar routing, but field bends are preferred.
4. A field bend is a bend that is made on the construction site. This generally
saves time and is far more economical than installing fittings.
5. Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) is called thin-wall conduit. EMT is not
designed to be threaded; therefore, it is connected length-to-length or to
electrical boxes with suitable compression or setscrew fittings
Anchorage.
Body support.
Means of Connection.
ANCHORAGE
BODY SUPPORT
Body support, or body wear, is the component that is worn on or around the
torso. Body belts and full body harnesses are the two most common body
supports.
Body Belt
A body belt is a belt that circles the waist and is used for worker positioning and fall
prevention. A body belt may be supplied with D-rings on the hips and/or middle of
the back. A body belt must NEVER be used for personal fall arrest.
MEANS OF CONNECTION
The connecting subsystem is the critical link which joins the body wear to
the anchorage/ anchorage connector. It can be an energy-
The connecting means for positioning and travel restriction is often a simple lanyard,
constructed of rope, web or wire rope. These may also include specialized positioning
assemblies for rebar work, constructed of chain or web. All positioning devices are
intended to reduce the potential for free fall to a distance of less than two feet.
Restraint lanyards are specified in length to prevent the user from reaching a fall
hazard zone.
Anchorage.
Body support.
Means of Connection.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Safety procedures are followed in line with job requirements
2. Correct procedures for installation of electrical protective devices are
performed in line with job requirements and PEC
3. Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an
agreed time, to a quality standard and with a minimum waste
4. Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned events
or conditions occur
5. On-going checks of quality of work are done in accordance with
instructions and requirements
CONTENT:
Determine suitability for installation and used of bus way, cable
tray, fittings and panels, conformity with the provision of the PEC
Code.
Practice wire way and cable tray installation
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
Workplace location
Materials relevant to the unit of competency
Materials and tools
Masonry
Materials and tools different brand names, size, capacity and kind
of application.
Handouts/Instructional Materials
METHODOLOGIES:
Lecture - demonstration
Self-paced instruction
Group discussion
PowerPoint presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
Direct observation
Questions or interview
Written test
Portfolio (credentials)
CABLE TRAY
According to the National Electrical Code, a cable tray system is "a unit or
assembly of units or sections and associated fittings forming a rigid
structural system used to securely fasten or support cables and raceways."
Cable tray advantages include wiring system design flexibility, simplicity, and
lower installation cost. In plants where equipment is added, taken away, or is
moved, cable trays provide a flexible advantage (Fig. 2). Cable trays can typically
adapt to complex configurations with a simple set of tools. The cost of material
procurement for cable tray systems is not necessarily lower than that of conduit
systems in all cases. However, compared to labor cost of conduit installation,
cable trays present significant savings.
There are six basic cable tray types:
Ladder — provides solid side rail protection, system strength,
smooth radius fittings, and a wide selection of materials and finishes.
Ladder cable tray is generally used in applications with intermediate
to long support spans
Solid bottom — provides nonventilated continuous support for
delicate cables with added cable protection available in metallic and
fiberglass. Also available are solid bottom metallic trays with solid
metal covers for nonplenum rated cable in environmental air areas.
Solid Bottom cable tray is generally used for minimal heat-generating
electrical or telecommunication applications with short to
intermediate support spans.
Wall and underfloor supports are useful when ceiling structure is not
Conduit
Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) has a thinner wall and weighs less than
RMC. A zinc-based coating is used on the outside; an organic corrosion-
resistant coating is used on the inside. IMC can be used for the same
applications as galvanized rigid metal conduit
Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) is the lightest weight steel conduit
manufactured. EMT is made of galvanized steel and is unthreaded. It is joined
by setscrew, indentation, or compression-type connectors and couplings. This
joining method makes EMT easy to alter, reuse, or redirect. Even though EMT
is made of lighter-walled steel, it provides substantial physical protection and
can be used in most exposed locations except where severe physical damage is
possible.
When selecting cable trays, cable tray configurations, and support methods,
seek the answers to the following questions:
Indoor
Support locations available affect the length and strength of the system.
Office installation may make system appearance, system weight, and space
available important factors.
Environmental air handling areas may affect cable types, cable tray material,
or cable tray type, as well as the potential need for covers.
Classified hazardous locations affect the acceptable cable types.
Outdoor
Available supports affect length and strength requirements.
Environmental requirements include loads, ice, wind, snow, and possibly
seismic situations.
Corrosion requirements affect materials and finishes. Classified hazardous locations
affect acceptable cable types.
What types of cables will be supported, and how many?
NEC cable fill requirements dictate size, width, and depth of cable tray.
radius.
• Field threads should be cut one thread short. This ensures a good
connection and allows the entire thread surface to be inside the coupling.
Ladder — provides solid side rail protection, system strength, smooth radius
fittings, and a wide selection of materials and finishes. Ladder cable tray is
generally used in applications with intermediate to long support spans
Solid bottom — provides nonventilated continuous support for delicate cables
with added cable protection available in metallic and fiberglass. Also available
are solid bottom metallic trays with solid metal covers for nonplenum rated
cable in environmental air areas. Solid Bottom cable tray is generally used for
minimal heat-generating electrical or telecommunication applications with
short to intermediate support spans.
Trough — provides moderate ventilation and added cable support frequency,
with the bottom configuration providing cable support every 4 in. Available in
metal and nonmetallic materials, through cable tray is generally used for
moderate heat generating applications with short to intermediate support
spans.
Channel — provides an economical support for cable drops and branch cable
runs from the backbone cable tray system. Channel cable tray is used for
installations with limited numbers of tray cable when conduit is undesirable.
Wire mesh — provides job site or field-adaptable support systems primarily
for low-voltage wiring. Wire mesh tray generally is used for
telecommunication and fiber optic applications. Wire mesh tray systems are
typically zinc plated steel wire mesh.
Single rail — provides the quickest system installation and the most freedom
for cables to enter and exit the tray system. Typically, single-rail cable tray is
used for low-voltage and power cable installations where maximum cable
freedom, side fill, and installation speed are factors. These aluminum systems
may be single-hung or wall-mounted systems in single or multiple tiers.
Figure 4-4. Simple sketch of a wiring system. It is the part of the circuit that carries
current from the source through the boxes to a load
Wiring Systems
Conductors for carrying electricity are commonly called wiring. A wiring system
includes the wire, its insulating cover, a protective cover, and connectors that fasten it
to an electrical box.
Depending on the structure being wired, several different systems may be used.
Regardless of the wiring system, it is important to have a continuous ground
throughout every part of the system and every circuit. Refer to Chapter 9, Grounding
of this text for grounding requirements. All of these systems are adequate for most
installations. Some cannot be used where there are unusual hazards such as extreme
moisture, explosive gases, or corrosive chemicals.
The wiring system selected depends on:
Type of dwelling (style)
Materials and type of construction used (such as log, concrete, post and beam,
or platform)
Surroundings of dwelling (hot, cold, wet, or dry)
Cost of the electrical materials
Contractor’s preference
Building code requirements
Preference of owner (client)
Cables
A cable is an arrangement of two or more conductors in a protective
covering and is assembled by the manufacturer. The protective covering may
be plastic, rubber, steel, or aluminum.
Armored Cable
taken to maintain a bend radius of the AC that is five times its diameter
Figure 4-6. A hacksaw, reciprocating saw, or special cable cutter will cut
AC
Figure 4-7. A hacksaw can be used to notch AC for stripping the armor.
Aviation or tin snips. The first step is to bend the cable sharply where
the armor will be cut. This will cause the interlocked armor to
disengage. Twist the armor to force it to expand and expose one twist in
the armor. Place one jaw of the snips under this exposed section and cut
the armor. Remove the armor and trim any sharp corners. See Figure 4-
8.
Roto-Split. The specific directions will come with the tool when you
purchase it, but here are the basic steps. First, place the cable into the
channel of the tool. Squeeze the handle to hold the cable in place. Turn
the crank until the pressure decreases. Remove the cable from the tool
and rotate the armor until it breaks free. See Figure 4-9.
After you have stripped the armor from the cable, you must install an anti-
short bushing. This red, split, plastic sleeve is placed between the wires and the
rough edge of the armor. Make sure to place the split of the bushing opposite
the armor end for maximum protection. See Figure 4-10. This bushing keeps
the insulation from rubbing against the sharp edge of the armor. The bushing
When the anti-short bushing is in place, bend the bonding strip back over the bushing
and wrap the cable as shown. Add the connector and tighten the setscrew or the
clamp. The setscrew type of connector cannot be used on aluminum AC. See Figure
4-11.
Figure 4-9. A Roto-Split® is a tool that slices the armor so that it can
be twisted off the cable. (Seatek Co. Inc.)
Nonmetallic Sheathed Cable: Types NM, NMC, and NMS — Article 334
4 1/2′
Figure 4-12. This is typical nonmetallic sheathed cable with two current-
carrying conductors, a grounded conductor, and a grounding conductor.
Figure 4-13. Strip off about 8″ of outer covering from NM cable with a special
knife or a cable ripper as shown
Code Alert
At least 6″ of free conductor, measured from the point in the box where it
emerges from its raceway or cable sheath, shall be left at each outlet,
junction, and switch point for splices or the connection of luminaires
(fixtures) or devices. Where the opening to an outlet, junction, or switch
point is less than 8″ in any dimension, each conductor shall be long enough
to extend at least 3″ outside.
Service-Entrance Cable
Service-entrance cable (SE) may be a single conductor or a multiconductor
assembly with or without an overall covering. It is used to bring electricity
into a customer’s building from an overhead utility pole. Underground
Stripping the insulation off the conductor is done with an electrician’s knife.
Cut into the insulation around the circumference of the cable, without
nicking the conductor. Cut the insulation lengthwise from the first cut to the
end of the cable. Now, peel off the insulation.
Since the conductors in these cables must be large enough to handle the
power requirements of an entire building, they may be stiff and difficult to
work into position. A cable bender is handy to create small-radius bends in
the heavy cable
Raceways
Raceways are protective coverings installed on site and used to contain
wires. Raceway materials are selected depending on the intended application.
Wire size and ampacity, environment, installation conditions (new or
remodel), building codes, and cost are all factors that will determine the
selection of a raceway. Raceways consist of conduit, boxes, and fittings.
Conduit is the tubing connecting the boxes together. The wires are pulled
from box to box through the conduit. Boxes can be used for either junctions
to connect the wires or mounting devices such as lamp fixtures
TERMINAL CABINET
2. An electrical enclosure is a
cabinet or box that protects electrical or
electronic equipment and prevents
electrical shock. Enclosures are usually
made from rigid plastics or such metals
as steel, stainless steel, or aluminum.
DISTRIBUTION PANEL
there are also times when you might need to control the power for
separate components or locations in your home.
For this reason, a distribution panel will separate each of
the circuits into their own switches. This way, if you needed to shut
off the power in just one location of your home you can do so
without turning off the power for other areas that do need power at
that time.
Safe and Reliable Means to Power Up Large Buildings &
Homes
Without a distribution panel, powering up your office
building or warehouse would be quite dangerous. Imagine running
hundreds of different electrical cords from different locations to
your local municipality’s electrical grid. Without distribution panels,
powering up large complexes with a complicated electrical system
would be a total nightmare.
How a Distribution Panel Works
Electricity is typically created at a local power plant in
your locality. Once created, it is sent off into the central power grid
which connects to your entire city. Your building has the privilege to
connect to the central grid, of course, so long as you are responsible
and pay your electricity bills.
Your building also needs to have its own power grid,
much how the city does. Otherwise, you would never be able to
organize the use of your electricity. This is where having a
distribution panel comes into play. By using one main circuit that
separates into several smaller circuits, you can easily control the
flow of electricity for an entire home.
When you need to shut off all the power for your home
or office building for whatever reason, simply turn the main switch
off. If you need to turn off the power in one room or for one major
appliance, a distribution panel will typically have a separate switch
for things like these. It all depends on how you wire the panel.
How is a distribution panelboard used?
A distribution panel board is used in multiple settings.
While a single- phase distribution board may be used at home,
multiple phase boards can be used in office spaces or big social
gatherings where one source of power is used to operate
innumerable electrical devices and appliances.
A distribution panel board is essentially used to divide
the main circuit into smaller ones. But why would you do so if it
does not benefit you in any way?
The division gives you the individual control over the
circuits so that you can control a particular appliance without
disrupting the function of another one which would have been the case
without the panel board. Moreover, in case of an issue short circuit
which requires immediate shut down of an appliance, only the
required circuit can be cut off from the main supply of power without
Self-check 1.3-1
Assessment Criteria:
Contents:
Mensuration
Blue print reading and materials specification
Use of wires, cables and tools
Preparation of required size of cable based on PEC Wire Table
Cable pulling and installation requirements
Cable lay out and installation
Condition:
The following resources MUST be provided:
Workplace location
Assessment Method:
Written test or examination
Direct observation and questioning
Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)
Project method
Practical Lab/ Exercises
Objectives:
1.Familiarize with wires, cable and tools needed respect to standard by PEC.
In this module, we will learn about cable pulling and installation.
Copper is the most commonly used metal in wires and cables. Whether it's a kettle
power cable, a stove wire, or a laptop charger, it's probably made of copper. Featuring
the atomic number of 29, this red-brown metal has become the most relied-on metal
for cables and other wiring. Copper is a highly conductive metal.
Copper electrical conductors:
The most commonly used material. Flexible copper wire conductor: it is a set of fine
wires covered by an insulating material. They are flexible and malleable. Single-core
cable: a cable with a single conductor.
Earth wires within your Electrical system usually connect all switches, sockets
and any other parts back to where the mains supply and Consumer unit or fuse
board is. This will then connect to the mass of earth or ground either by a
method provided by the Electric supplier, or onsite of your property.
No matter the method, it's important that the ground circuit provides an
unbroken path to the earth. Ground wires must be firmly connected at all
points.
Live wire
A live wire is a wire carrying an electric current. If something goes wrong
inside and the live wire gets accidentally connected to some metal part, the circuit
breaker will blow, protecting the user from an unpleasant sensation or even
electrocution.
Live wire refers to a wire that is carrying current at a particular time; live wires
are also called phase wires because they carry current to the load (device) and the
neutral wires complete the loop by bringing the current back to the source. Therefore,
the live wire is also called phase wire.
A live wire is actually positive wire, And Neutral wire is the negative wire.
Current flows from positive terminal house and then negative terminal. So, to prevent
the devices from electrical damages, fuse is connected before them. That is to live
wire.
Neutral wire
Neutral wire carries the circuit back to the original power source. More
specifically, neutral wire brings the circuit to a ground or busbar usually connected at
the electrical panel. This gives currents circulation through your electrical system, which
allows electricity to be fully utilized.
The neutral wire is used for providing a return path for the flow of current in
an AC circuit. The neutral wire carries no current, yet without neutral wire the AC
circuit is incomplete. In any electrical circuit, the neutral wire will redirect the path of
the electrical current to its source point.
Plan It Out
Always have a safety plan. This plan should include emergency activities,
evacuations, and meet building codes. Not only will this help should there be any
issues, but also conform to any legalities.
(Don’t) D-I-Y
Do-it-yourself projects are becoming more and more popular with the rise of
YouTube and other online advice. Nonetheless, we suggest contacting a professional
electrician who is extremely familiar and experienced with cable/wire installation and
handling. Anytime you are dealing with electricity or other wire currents, it can be a
dangerous job. Electricians are trained and understand safety protocols and guidelines.
While they may be more expensive, their expertise will save money in the long run
whether it’s a small installation in your home or a big project in the workplace. Plus,
you really can’t put a price tag on safety and health.
Two-Way Street
Safety is a top priority for us. The same should be true at your place of business. Prior
to installation, be sure to inspect machinery and equipment to see if it is running
properly. While faulty wiring often leads to safety hazards, so does malfunctioning
equipment. Reduce risks by ensuring your equipment is up- to-date. Not only that but
the tools used for wire and cable handling matter, too. Here’s a quick list of safety
tools that help minimize electrical risks.
To calculate the Cable Sizing, one needs to divide the voltage running through the
cable by the target current. For instance, if your wire has a voltage current of 150
Volts and your target is 30 then you divide 150/30. This gives you your target
resistance of 5 which is required.
OHM’S LAW
Ohm's Law is a formula used to calculate the relationship between voltage, current
and resistance in an electrical circuit.
E=IxR
When spelled out, it means voltage = current x resistance, or volts = amps x ohms, or
V = A x Ω.
Named for German physicist Georg Ohm (1789-1854), Ohm's Law addresses the key
quantities at work in circuits
If two of these values are known, technicians can reconfigure Ohm's Law to calculate
the third. Just modify the pyramid as follows:
If you know voltage (E) and current (I) and want to know resistance (R), X-out the R
in the pyramid and calculate the remaining equation (see the first, or far left, pyramid
above).
Note: Resistance cannot be measured in an operating circuit, so Ohm's Law is
especially useful when it needs to be calculated. Rather than shutting off the circuit to
measure resistance, a technician can determine R using the above variation of Ohm's
Law.
Now, if you know voltage (E) and resistance (R) and want to know current (I), X- out
the I and calculate the remaining two symbols (see the middle pyramid above).
And if you know current (I) and resistance (R) and want to know voltage (E), multiply
the bottom halves of the pyramid (see the third, or far right, pyramid above).
I = E/R = 12V/6Ω = 2A
These ratings are for standard copper NM sheathed cable, but there are instances
where these amperage ratings vary. For example, there is aluminum wiring in some
homes, and aluminum wires have their own ampacity-carrying capacity. Aluminum
wiring was once widely used, but because it was found that aluminum had a greater
expansion profile under load, it often loosened wire connections and sometimes
caused electrical fires. That is not to say you are necessarily at risk just because you
have aluminum wiring, because those connections may work forever if not
overloaded. But an evaluation and replacement with copper wiring may be a good
idea.
Stranded vs. Solid Wire
One more thing to keep in mind is to select the style of wire that best fits your needs.
Some wire is stranded, while other wire consists of a solid copper conductor. In
installations using metal conduit, the solid wire doesn't always pull as easily if the
conduit has a large number of bends. But solid wire is usually easier to secure under
screw terminals, such as those found on standard switches and receptacles. In standard
usage, though, the wire conductors in conduit or NM cable for household wiring will
be 14-, 12- or 10-gauge wire that is a solid copper conductor.
more. So, for example, running a laptop computer with a very small amperage
demand on a 20-amp circuit wired with 12-gauge wire is perfectly fine.
The potential for danger is most pronounced with the use of light household extension
cords. Many a household fire has occurred when a light extension cord with 16-gauge
wire is used to power a heater or heating appliance of some sort. Most manufacturers
will discourage the use of any extension cords with portable heaters, but if one must
be used, it has to be a heavy-duty cord with a high amperage rating that matches the
amperage of the appliance and of the circuit it is plugged into.
Cable pulling and installation requirements
1. Unspool cables properly- always allow spools to roll while unspooling
cables. Do not pull cables from the flange, or uncoil from the top of the
spool. This can cause unnecessary stress to cables.
2. Check the jacket materials of different cables - in some instances, different
jacket materials can stick together and cause abrasion. Check to see if your
cables’ jacket materials are intended for use inside a cable carrier, or for use
with corresponding jacket materials. Abrasion of jacket materials can
sometimes be prevented with interior separation.
3. Cut to the proper length, and lay directly inside the cable carrier. Ensure
each cable is long enough for proper connection and strain- relief (see
guideline #7). Laying cables is the preferred method for placing inside a
cable carrier, especially cables that have already been harnessed with
connectors. Cables can also be carefully pulled into the proper positioning
in the cable carrier if necessary. Avoid any twisting of the cable while
placing into the carrier.
4. Ensure every cable has room to move freely during movement of the cable
carrier. Be sure each cable has plenty of room to move while in operation.
This will maximize the service life, and reduce risk of abrasion and other
common cable failures. (Learn more about common cable failure modes
here)
5. Take the time to be sure that cables rest in the neutral axis of the cable
carrier, especially while operating at the carrier’s maximum bend radius.
When the carrier is bent, there should be no tensile forces exerted on the
cable.
6. If cables/hoses of varying diameters are being installed, utilize interior
shelving or separators. This will prevent tangling. There are two easy cable
distribution rules to follow to see if interior separation is needed. The first
states that if the diameters of the cables, D1+D2 are greater than 1.2 x the
inner height of the cable carrier, no separation between the two cables/hoses
is necessary. If the diameters of cables D1+D2 is less than or equal to the
inner height of the cable carrier, use vertical separators or horizontal shelf to
Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24
EIM Date Revised: Issued by:
NCII Developed by:
Diala, Porio, Revision # 0 Page 77 of 182
Inaanuran,
Ursolino, Ponpon
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Cable layout and routing has a critical effect at high frequencies and must be closely
defined. A cable which is run close to the ground plane and in the opposite orientation
to the measuring antenna, will radiate far less than one which is suspended in free
space and aligned with the antenna.
What are the methods of cable installation?
Many different methods are used for cable installation. These include pulling,
blowing and pushing into ducts, direct burial and aerial installation. The most
important properties of cables during installation are the tensile force, the bending
radius and the installation temperature.
Self-check 1.4-1
IDENTIFICATION: Fill in the blank.
________1. provides a low resistance path to the ground.
________2. refers to a wire that is carrying current at a particular time.
________3. carries the circuit back to the original power source.
________4. is the moving of lengths of cable from one place to another in
order to install a connection of some type between disparate areas.
________5. is a formula used to calculate the relationship between voltage,
current and resistance in an electrical circuit.
________6. What is the current needed with 240 volts and 12 resistances?
________7. Voltage needed for 4 ampere and 8 ohms.
9. 20 amps
10. 14-gauge
Assessment Method:
• Written test or examination
• Direct observation and questioning
• Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)
• Project method
• Practical Lab/ Exercises
Limitations
The calculations for selecting the correct conduit size shall be adjusted if any of the
limitations described in Sections 5.4.1 to 5.4.3 are experienced.
Bend and Distance
Calculations and data presented or referenced in this document are based on
conditions of proper cabling and alignment of conductors in conduit or tubing systems
containing no intermediate pull boxes or fittings. In addition, the length of the
conductor pulls and the number of bends in the conduit or tubing system must be
within the following limits:
a. A 15.2 m (50-ft) run with no more than three 90-degree or equivalent bends
b. A 30.4 m (100-ft) run with no more than two 90-degree or equivalent bends
c. A 45.6 m (150-ft) run with no more than one 90-degree or equivalent bend
d. A 60.8 m (200-ft) straight run with no bends
Where the above limits cannot be met, pull boxes and/or fittings should be introduced
into the run at selected points to ensure compliance. If the addition of pull boxes or
fittings is not practical, the conduit or tubing sizes should be increased to the next
standard size.
Conductor size – Where conductors exceed one inch in diameter, the stated
conductor area should be increased by 30 percent for the purpose of calculating
conduit fill area.
Conductor jamming
When conduits are bent in the field, the conduit will take an oval shape
through the bend, increasing the inside diameter (I.D.) at that point. Factory
manufactured elbows do not normally experience this expansion.
However, in elbows that are not factory-manufactured, ovality will occur to
some degree in either conduits or tubing during the bending process due to
uncontrolled sidewall expansion. The type and condition of the bender used will
affect expansion. Ovality occurs particularly in Electro-metallic tubing (EMT).
Where three (no more, no less) conductors or cables of the same size are being
installed in a conduit, jamming can occur even when 40 percent fill allowances are
observed. At a bend, the increased diameter (ovality) in the bend area permits the
third conductor to be pulled between the other two conductors. As the conductors exit
the bend, and the raceway I.D. returns to normal, the conductors may jam. Jamming
can also occur in straight runs where the ratio of the raceway’s I.D. and the
conductor’s outside diameter (O.D.) approaches 3. Jamming is more likely when
conductors are pushed into the conduit or a combination of pushing and pulling is
used during installation of the conductors.
To prevent jamming when pulling three conductors or cables into a conduit,
use the next larger size raceway if the ratio of the raceway’s I.D. to the conductor’s
O.D. is between 2.8 and 3.2.
Conductor Area
Dimensional data for insulated conductors and fixture wires can be found in NEC,
Chapter 9, Table 5.
When insulated grounding conductors are included in the raceway system, they must
be included in the calculations for determining conduit fill.
Slicing and Terminating Cable 600 Volt and Below
All conductor and cable termination kits, splice kits, and associated hardware
shall be approved by the manufacturer, for the cable construction and conductor
material (copper) on which they are installed.
Conductors shall be spliced or joined with splicing devices suitable for the
use or by brazing, welding, or soldering. Soldered splices shall first be so spliced or
joined as to be mechanically and electrically secure without solder before they are
soldered. Where necessary, all splices and joints and the free ends of conductors shall
be covered with an insulation equivalent to that of the conductors or with an
insulating device certified by the manufacturer for the purpose (NEC Article 110).
Connection of conductors to terminal parts shall ensure a good mechanical
and electrical connection without damaging the conductors. It shall be made by means
of pressure connectors (including set screw type), welded lugs, or splices to flexible
leads. However, connection by means of wire terminal screws or studs and nuts
having upturned or hook-type lugs shall be permitted for 6mm2 (No. 10 AWG) or
smaller conductors (NEC 110). Terminals that accommodate more than one conductor
shall be identified as suitable for the purpose.
Types of Conductor Connections and Connectors
Acceptable methods of connecting and terminating circuit wiring utilize:
1) Crimp- or compression-type connectors are superior to most mechanical
connectors. Once installed, they cannot be removed without damaging or
destroying the connectors and affected portions of the conductors. Special
installation tools are required.
a. Only circumferential, elliptical, hexagonal, quadruple, or triangular indent-
type compression connectors are recommended for 25mm2 (No. 4 AWG)
and larger conductors. These types can be compressed almost completely
around the circumference of the connector barrel or body when used with
the proper tool and precision die.
b. On conductors 16 mm2 (No. 6 AWG) and larger, connectors of one
manufacturer shall not be compressed on conductors with tools and dies of
another manufacturer unless the connector manufacturer so approves. The
tool and die number specified by the connector manufacturer for a specific
size and type of connector must be used; otherwise, excessive or inadequate
compression can occur and cause failure of the connection. Installation
instructions shall be strictly followed and the compression action must not
be stopped until the dies are fully closed, or closed the amount specified in
the instructions.
2) Mechanical connectors are used for joining and terminating conductors where
later removal may be a requirement. With this type of connector, conductors are
placed in the barrels or bodies of the connector and a screw or saddle is forced
down on the conductors. The high-pressure wedge effect of the screw or saddle
Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24
EIM Date Revised: Issued by:
NCII Developed by:
Diala, Porio, Revision # 0 Page 87 of 182
Inaanuran,
Ursolino, Ponpon
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
on the conductors provides a positive inter strand contact. They are reliable
when properly selected and installed.
3) Solder connections may be used for small conductors.
4) For buried ground connections, thermal-weld connections shall be used. For
above ground connections, mechanical connections shall be used.
Splicing Personnel Qualification Requirements
Bending Radius – When cables are terminated it is important that they not be bent or
formed in any manner or at any time that causes the minimum bending radius to be
exceeded. In general, this minimum radius is 12 times the outside diameter of the
cable.
Support – All cables shall be supported so that there is no stress on the terminations.
Grounding – The grounding jumpers for terminations and splices shall be maintained
separate from grounds that are used for surge arrestors. This will prevent the cable
shielding system from being raised to an abnormally high voltage during surge
conditions.
Markings of circuit homerun
Electricians refer to an electrical home run as the conductors coming from the
circuit breaker to the initial connection point located on that particular branch circuit.
Circuits are drawn on blueprints showing the circuit general routing and
fixtures or devices. Generally, the electrician numbers each wire at the home-run end
in the electrical panel and if the electrician or installer is not asleep, they should then
identify each circuit on the electrical panel cover map.
Most standard 120-volt household circuits in your home are (or should be)
parallel circuits. Outlets, switches, and light fixtures are wired in such a way that the
hot and neutral wires maintain a continuous circuit pathway independent from the
individual devices that draw their power from the circuit.
Important Considerations with using Electrical Home Runs
Home runs are beneficial in reducing electrical noise. Electrical noise is an
unwanted external signal that can interfere with the normal operation of a circuit.
Home runs are designed to minimize this risk by providing improved grounding and
thus eliminating the potential for unnecessary interference. Here are four important
considerations when installing electrical home runs:
Heat
Don’t bundle more than 3 home run cables together. If you excessively bundle
too many home runs together you risk generating too much heat which can become a
safety issue. Whilst it is perfectly fine to utilize plastic conduit to house your home
runs, don’t bundle too many conductors within the same conduit. Jackets could melt
off your wires, leaving copper-to-copper conducting.
Protect your home runs from physical damage
You should be careful to protect your home runs from physical damage both
during installation and after installation. Make sure you protect the outer jacket and
inner jacket of the wire. Abrasion will cause the wires to fray and be a potential safety
risk. For example, there are particular Australian wiring codes that outline the space
that should be provided between manhole openings (attic openings) and electrical
conductor wiring to ensure physical damage to the wiring doesn’t occur. When
installing electrical and data cables in a new building, it is essential to place the wiring
after that of mechanical systems such as Plumbing, HVAC and more. This ensures
that any future work will not be hindered by having to cut out or damage existing
electric lines.
Secure and support your home run
When a home run is pulled, it should have some workable slack. It isn’t a
guitar string. It doesn’t need to be tight. For example, plumbers may need to route a
toilet line near the wire, and having a little bit of slack left in the line will allow it to
be moved. Don’t make it too loose – it doesn’t need to be messy, just don’t make it
ultra-tight. The wiring should be supported within every four and a half feet.
Label your home runs
When installing your electrical home runs, be sure to label them appropriately
so they are easy to terminate in your electrical panel. It will prevent you from needing
to retrace wires and will make any updates/changes in the future much easier.
To an electrician, the home run is the hot feed between the electrical panel and
each room/circuit in a home. While home runs mostly follow the same rules of
running wire that apply throughout the house, there are some considerations you need
to keep in mind such as not bundling more than 3 home runs together. With proper
installation of your electrical home runs you will be able to ensure that all of your
devices are safely powered up with no interference along the way.
Bundling of wire size as per job requirement
To determine the approximate diameter of a wire bundle when the wires are
all the same size, find the factor for the number of wires in the bundle and multiply
the wire diameter by that factor.
No there is no limit to the number of wires that can be bunched together.
Wire bundling is when you take 2 or more electrical cables and bundle them
together using a specific bind. The purpose of the bundling is to keep specific cables
together over a medium to long distance. What this does is efficiently organizes those
cables in a way that simplifies your application.
The cable size selected should be checked for short circuit withstand capability, which
should be based upon the circuit opening time for short circuit condition.
WIRE TYPES
XHHW wire bundles are used in a variety of industrial and commercial construction
applications and are well suited for wet conditions. Typically preferred over
THHN/THWN in wet environments because the outer jacket is more durable.
Extensively used by electrical contractors in water treatment facilities projects.
Printed and striped for easy identification.
THHN Used in signaling, control wiring, machine tools, and automation systems for
indoor and outdoor use. THHN’s jacketing protects the conductor as it is being pulled
through conduit and protects it from grease. It can be used with voltages up to 600V,
is available in cable bundles up to 150 conductors and more, and is manufactured to
project specifications and length.
SIS Most often used in switchboards and panel boards. SIS wire is made of an
insulated copper conductor with thermoset, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
insulation. Stranded for high flexibility and tinned to facilitate soldering. XLPE
insulation is rated for use at 90°C in either wet or dry locations at an operating voltage
of 600V.
MTW Common in general purpose wiring circuits, machine tool, and appliance
wiring. MTW wire can be used in dry locations up to 90°C, or wet locations. CSA
Type TEW rating permits use in dry locations up to 105°C, or wet locations. Rated for
60°C when exposed to oil or coolant.
CABLE TYPES
ACCESS CONTROL Printed and striped THHN and XHHW cable bundles for
connections between access control components in distribution centers, commercial
buildings, manufacturing and processing plants, and municipal installations. Single-
pull reels available pre-measured and precut for conductor breakouts.
applications, and in local business networks. Data transmission cable bundles speed
up installations, lower manpower requirements, and can be marked and precut for
conductor breakouts.
FIBER OPTICS Fiber optic cables are used in numerous installations, including
commercial, industrial, military, and communications applications. Capable of
transmission over long distances with almost zero signal loss, they are ideal for secure
data transmission and communications. Bundled fiber optic cables can be printed and
precut for use in layouts requiring multiple breakout points.
Self-check 1.5-1
TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
Write the answer in the space provided.
1. Solder is superior to most mechanical connectors. Once installed, they cannot
be removed without damaging or destroying the connectors and affected
portions of the conductors.
2. XHHW wire bundles are used in a variety of industrial and commercial
construction applications and are well suited for wet conditions.
3. MTW Common in general purpose wiring circuits, machine tool, and appliance
wiring. MTW wire can be used in dry locations up to 90°C, or wet locations.
4. RHW/USE-2 Made of a single copper conductor insulated with a thermoset
cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) material.
5. THHN Used in signaling, control wiring, machine tools, and automation
systems for indoor and outdoor use.
6. SIS Most often used in switchboards and panel boards. SIS wire is made of an
insulated copper conductor with thermoset, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
insulation.
7. Mechanical connectors are used for joining and terminating conductors where
later removal may be a requirement. With this type of connector, conductors are
placed in the barrels or bodies of the connector and a screw or saddle is forced
down on the conductors.
8. For buried ground connections, thermal-weld connections shall be used. For
above ground connections, mechanical connections shall be used.
9. Crimp- or compression-type connectors are once installed, they cannot be
removed without damaging or destroying the connectors and affected portions
of the conductors. Special installation tools are required.
10. The grounding jumpers for terminations and splices shall be maintained
separate from grounds that are not used for surge arrestors.
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. FALSE
AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS to perform all the procedures and activities in a given
time.
TASK/ACTIVITY YES NO
1. Install electrical metallic conduit
2. Install wire ways and cable tray
3. Install auxilliary terminal cabinet and
distribution panel
4. Prepare for cable pulling and installation
5. Perform wiring and cabling lay out
OVER-ALL RESULT
COMPETENT
NOT YET COMPETENT
WELCOME!
The unit of competency “INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE
DEVICES FOR DISTRIBUTION, POWER, LIGHTING, AUXILIARY,
CORE COMPETENCIES:
Units of Competency Module Title Code
1. Perform roughing-in, 1.1 Performing roughing-in, wiring ELC741301
wiring and cabling and cabling works for single-phase
works for single- distribution, power, lighting and
phase distribution, auxiliary systems
Grounding Systems
MODULE TITLE : I nstalling Electrical Protective Devices for
Distribution, Power, Lighting, Auxiliary, Lightning
Protection and Grounding Systems
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
on planning and preparing work, installing electrical
protective devices, lighting fixture and auxiliary outlet
and notifying completion of work for distribution,
power, lighting, auxiliary, lighting protection and
grounding systems.
Nominal Duration : 44 hours
1. Workplace location
2. Tools and equipment appropriate to roughing-in, wiring and cabling works and
installation processes
3. Materials relevant to the proposed activity
4. Drawings and specifications relevant to the task
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
1. Written test or examination
2. Direct observation and questioning
3. Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Safety Goggles
Goggles, meanwhile, sit directly on the face and
seal the wearer’s eyes, protecting them from splashes
and dust. Safety goggles also provide more reliable
protection from plastic and metal projectiles.
Safety Shoes
Anti-static shoes banish the stacking of static electricity
Cover-all dress
Electrical workers shall wear arc rated natural fiber apparel
such as long sleeve shirts, long pants, jackets, coats, bib
overalls, or coveralls to protect the torso and limbs from
arc flash hazards. PPE must be arc rated at or above the
incident energy or category level of the equipment being
worked on.
EMERGENCY KIT
Keep supplies in an easy to carry emergency preparedness kit that you can use at your
workplace.
• Adhesive tape
• Elastic wrap bandages
• Bandage strips and "butterfly" bandages in assorted sizes
• Super glue
• Rubber tourniquet or 16 French catheter
• Nonstick sterile bandages and roller gauze in assorted sizes
• Eye shield or pad
• Large triangular bandage (may be used as a sling)
• Aluminum finger splint
• Instant cold packs
• Cotton balls and cotton-tipped swabs
• Disposable nonlatex examination gloves, several pairs
• Duct tape
Tape measure
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible
Electrical Pliers
Lineman's pliers are used by electricians to straighten,
cut, grip, twist, push, and pull wire. They are used to cut and
bend light gauge metal and pull staples and nails. The angular
edges on the outside edge of the jaws are designed to ream
down ridges and burs on the inside lip of cut pipes.
Needed Supplies and Materials
1. Check if the required materials are ready for the project.
Permit and legal Documents
Ex.: Work permit, Building Permit and Registration
Time of Completion
Estimated target date to finish the project or else where will be imposed penalties in
delay if included in the contract.
Self-check 2.1-1
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
• Written test or examination
• Direct observation and questioning
• Demonstration (able to impart knowledge and skills)
Circuit Breaker
Specifically, stopping the flow of current when any fault
occurs is the primary function of the circuit breaker. The
major advantage of the circuit breaker is, it can work
automatically to proceed the operations without any
external support. Additionally, there are many categories
RCCB
The residual current circuit breaker (RCCB), a safety device
that is to notice the issues in your power supplies then turns
off it in 10-15 milliseconds to end the electric shock.
Additionally, these devices are resettable as well as the
testable apparatus. On the other hand, it is also known as a
residual current device (RCD).
Lighting Arrester
This is the specialized protection device that is much helpful to
manage the current flow and arrests the unwanted flow in the circuit.
As a result, all these protection devices are the best protection agent
to the circuit.
There are a few different criteria to consider when selecting a circuit breaker
including voltage, frequency, interrupting capacity, continuous current rating, unusual
operating conditions and product testing.
• For example, when you put on the light switches at home, the lights come on
because you have just completed the circuit allowing charges from the power source
to flow through and power your lights.
When current passes through a conductor, the different electrical components of the
circuit like the devices attached or even the wire itself, offer resistance to the current
flow.
• The work done to overcome this resistance presents itself in the form of heat.
• This is a simple explanation of the “heating effect” of current.
Principle of Electrical Fuse
The primary use of an electric fuse is to protect electrical equipment from excessive
current and to prevent short circuits or mismatched loads.
• Electrical fuses play the role of miniature circuit breakers.
• Apart from protecting equipment, they are also used as safety measures to prevent
any safety hazards to humans.
The fuse wire in an electrical fuse is selected in such a way that it does not face any
damage when the normally stipulated amount of current flows through the circuit.
• Under normal conditions, the fuse wire is a part of the circuitry, contributing
to a complete loop for charges to flow through it.
• However, when an excessive number of current flows through the fuse
wire, the heating effect of the current causes the fuse wire to melt.
• This is because the fuse wire is chosen such that it has a low melting point.
• This causes the loop to break thereby stopping the flow of charges in
the circuit.
It is important to select a fuse that is properly specified for the circuit in consideration.
• For example, if the fuse that is used is underrated, then it will fail even
under normal current conditions, unnecessarily breaking the circuit loop.
• If it is overrated, then it will not break the circuit when required and
cause equipment damage and failure and may even present itself as a safety
hazard.
It will not break the circuit when required and cause equipment damage and failure
and may even present itself as a safety hazard.
Function of Fuse
Self-check 2.2-2
IDENTIFICATION: Given the question, write the correct answer on space provided.
1. What is an electrical fuse?
3. Acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body?
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
• Safety procedures are followed
• Correct procedures for installation of lighting fixture and auxiliaries are
performed in line with job requirements
• Schedule of work is followed to ensure work is completed in an agreed
time, to a quality standard and with a minimum waste
• Further instructions are sought from a supervisor if unplanned events or
conditions occur.
• On-going checks of quality of work are undertaken in accordance with
instructions and requirements.
CONTENTS:
• DOLE Department Order No. 13 s. 1998 Guidelines Governing
Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry
• Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) requirements regarding installation of
lighting fixture and auxiliary outlet
• Types of lighting fixtures and installation technique
• Ratings of lighting fixture
CONDITION:
The following resources MUST be provided:
• Workplace location
• Tools and equipment appropriate to roughing-in, wiring and cabling works
and installation processes
OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:
1. Familiarization in lightning fixture and auxiliary outlet
2. Install lightning fixture and auxiliary outlet
LIGHTING FIXTURE
Lighting fixtures provide light. They can be used as decorative elements in the
home or building, or they can serve a practical purpose such as providing
lighting for areas that are not normally illuminated.
Chandeliers
A chandelier is a hanging fixture that has several luminous
elements. They are often used as a focal point in foyers and
dining rooms, and help establish a room’s tone and style.
Since they are often decorative, chandeliers are most
effective when paired with other fixtures to ensure sufficient
room lighting.
Pendants
A pendant is a hanging fixture with a single, central
luminous element. In general, pendants tend to be smaller
and less formal than chandeliers, and multiple pendants are
often hung side by side. As well as being decorative, many
Sconces
A sconce is a wall-mounted light fixture. They can be used in
nearly any space, but are often found in hallways, living rooms,
dining rooms, and bathrooms. In bathrooms, sconces can provide
excellent task lighting when mount over or on either side of a mirror.
Ceiling Lights
Ceiling lights can be very useful to provide ambient
light in lower- ceilinged rooms, and come in flush and
semi-flush varieties. Flush mount ceiling lights attach
directly to the ceiling, or are “flush” against it. Semi-flush
ceiling lights hang from the ceiling but still stay closer to it
than a pendant or chandelier.
Outdoor Lighting
Outdoor lighting provides a welcoming first impression
for visitors as well as practical illumination for security and
outdoor activities. Nowadays, residential landscape lighting
is typically small-scale, low-voltage, and LED. Decorative
sconces, pendants, and post lights are typically line-voltage
Safety Considerations
Anytime you work with electricity, there is a risk of electrical shock. Always
turn off the power to any circuits you are working on. Always read and follow
the manufacturer’s instructions when installing any component in your home.
Call a licensed electrician if the wiring in your home is damaged or
incompatible with your fixture.
Always wear the proper PPE such as safety glasses and gloves.
Tools
• Screwdriver
• Non-contact voltage tester
• Work light or headlamp
• Ladder
• Wire strippers
Materials
New light fixture
AUXILIARY OUTLET
Electrical outlets (also known as outlets, electrical sockets, plugs, and wall plugs)
allow electrical equipment to connect to the electrical grid. The electrical grid
provides alternating current to the outlet. There are two primary types of outlets:
domestic and industrial. While not obvious from looking at them, the two sides of an
electrical outlet represent part of a 'loop of wire' and plugging an electrical device into
that outlet completes that loop, which allows electricity to flow through the device so
it can operate. In other words, each side of an electrical outlet acts as a terminal.
Domestic sockets
Domestic electrical outlets supply 120 volts in North America and 220-240 volts in
Europe, with most nations having outlets supplying voltages similar to one of those
two values. Socket size and shape vary greatly from country to country (see figure 1),
and for more information on the various sockets and plugs used around the world,
visit World Wanders. These differences don't change the basic design for creating a
circuit to draw electricity from the grid. Throughout these different designs some
fundamental components remain the same for most types of sockets.
Polarization
Most outlets are polarized for safety. Polarized plugs can only be inserted into them
one way (which seems annoying, but is actually an important safety feature). In North
America, this is accomplished by having two differently sized slots in addition to the
rounded grounding slot, the larger of which is called the neutral line, and the smaller
called the hot line (see figure 2). The neutral is connected by a wire to ground, so its
voltage is 0 V. Instead, the hot slot supplies the voltage required to draw current, and
when a plug is inserted into the socket, the energy flows in from the hot slot, through
the circuit, and ends at the neutral, which disperses the energy into the ground. Of
course, to complete the circuit all the way back to the generator, the neutral is also
connected back to the original distribution system in addition to being grounded at
multiple locations.
Grounding
Most modern sockets in North America have a grounding slot in addition to the hot
and neutral (see figure 3). The grounding wire is connected much like the neutral, as it
also connects to a grounded neutral tie block. The grounding slot is important for
devices with a metallic casing or metal-cased power supply, like computers. If a hot
wire in the internal circuitry of an electronic device frayed or somehow came into
contact with a metallic casing, the entire device would then become a serious shock
hazard. However, the grounding wire is directly connected to the casing of the device
and will neutralize the risk of shock by diverting current to the ground, which will trip
the circuit breaker, and stop the current flow to the device. Also, the ground prong
will be longer than the neutral and hot prongs so that the device is grounded before it
ever becomes "hot" or "live."
GROUNDED RECEPTACLE
The standard 3-prong receptacle is called a grounding
receptacle because it allows a grounding wire to be
connected from the electrical circuit to the appliance.
The grounding wire is connected to the third prong of the plug.
TAMPER-RESISTANT RECEPTACLE
These receptacles have spring-loaded shutters that close
off the contact openings, or slots, of the receptacles.
USB RECEPTACLE
The USB 'receptacle' is the mechanical connector –
the thing you plug a USB cable into. That consists of
electrical contacts in a plastic-and-metal housing.
The USB 'port' describes the connector, communication
electronics, software and any power supply electronics needed by the equipment the
port is in.
Lightning Fixture Replacement
• Turn off the power. Turn on the light you plan to replace. Go to your breaker
box and turn off the respective breaker. Ensure the light is off, indicating that
the power is off.
o Remove the light fixture. There are usually two to three screws or knobs to
remove. Sometimes the trim will twist off, revealing the screws. You should
never have to pry hard to remove anything. You may need a helper to hold the
light fixture while disconnecting the wires. Never leave the fixture hanging by
the wires.
o Confirm the power is off. You can never be too sure that the power is off. Use a
non-contact voltage tester to test the wires. Touch the wires with the tester. If
the tester is green, the power is off, and it’s safe to work on. If the tester is red,
the power is on.
o Disconnect the wiring. Take a photo first to refer to it when rewiring the new
fixture. Next, twist the wire nuts counterclockwise to remove them. Throw the
wire nuts out because you cannot reuse wire nuts. Twist the wires
counterclockwise to disconnect them and remove the fixture.
o Remove the mounting bracket. Every fixture comes with its own mounting
bracket. They are usually attached to the wiring junction box but may be
attached to the wall. Carefully remove the screws and the bracket. You may
need to patch the holes if the new fixture does not cover them.
o Install the new mounting bracket. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for
installing the new bracket. The brackets are typically installed with two screws
into the junction box.
o Connect the wiring. Generally, there are three wires – one black, one white and
one bare wire. These wires will connect to the corresponding colors in the
junction box wiring. Use wire strippers to remove 1/2-inch- of the plastic jacket
if needed. Twist the wires together in a clockwise direction. Twist the new wire
nuts over the wires in a clockwise direction. Stuff the wiring inside of the
junction box.
o Mount the new light fixture. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to mount
the new light fixture onto the mounting bracket.
o Install light bulbs and trim. Most light fixtures come with trim to cover the hole
in the wall or purely decorative trim. Follow the manufacturers to finish up the
installation.
o Test the light fixture. Turn the breaker back on and test to ensure your light is
working.
Is it safe to replace an outlet?
Once there is no current, you can be confident the outlet is safe to replace. Keep in
mind that different voltage testers emit different signals to indicate that the outlet still
has access to electricity. Make sure the tester you're using is equipped with working
batteries before you proceed with replacing the outlet.
Self-check 2.3-3
TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
Write your answer in the space provided.
1. Two-prong outlets are outlets featuring only two wires—a neutral wire
and a hot wire.
2. The USB 'receptacle' is the mechanical connector - the thing you plug a
USB cable into. That consists of electrical contacts in a plastic-and-
metal housing. The USB 'port' describes the connector, communication
electronics, software and any power supply electronics needed by the
equipment the port is in.
3. A surge suppressor, sometimes optimistically called a surge protector, is
a device inserted in the alternating current (AC) utility line and/or
telephone line to prevent damage to electronic equipment from voltage
spikes, or transients.
4. The standard 3-prong receptacle is called a grounding receptacle
because it allows a grounding wire to be connected from the electrical
circuit to the appliance. The grounding wire is connected to the third
prong of the plug.
5. The grounding wire is connected much like the neutral, as it also
connects to a grounded neutral tie block. The grounding slot is important
for devices with a metallic casing or metal-cased power supply, like
computers.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
• Final checks are made to ensure the work conforms with instructions
and requirements
• Supervisor is notified upon completion of work
• Tools, equipment and any surplus resources and materials are, where
appropriate, cleaned, checked and returned to storage in accordance with
established procedures
• Work area is cleaned and made safe
CONTENTS:
• Processes, Operations, Systems
o Maintenance of tools
o Storage of tools
• Checking and conforming procedures for installation based on job
requirement
• Good housekeeping
CONDITION:
The following resources MUST be provided:
• Workplace location
• Tools and equipment appropriate to roughing-in, wiring and cabling works
and installation processes
• Materials relevant to the proposed activity
• Drawings and specifications relevant to the task
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Overworking a tool puts a lot of stress on its motor and can cause it to
overheat. This mostly happens when you are trying to work through a difficult
material, like drilling into concrete or sawing a very hard wood. Overheating can also
occur if you run a tool too long without stopping. If your tool seems like it is getting
hot, stop what you are doing and give it a break until it can cool down. This will help
save you from wearing out the motor or burning out parts.
Clean Regularly
For your best tool maintenance, power tools should be cleaned at the end of
every shift and before they are stored away for the night. You can wipe dirt and other
particles from the outside casing with a good cleaning cloth. Compressed air is the
best option to clean the particles from the tool’s vents; cleaning your tool’s exhaust
vents with a brush could push the dirt farther into the tool and inadvertently cause
more damage later.
Lubricate
Lubrication is a must to keep all the moving parts on your power tools
working properly. Check the tool maintenance section of your owner’s manual and
follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to correctly lubricate your tool’s model
and which lubricant to use. Keeping your tool well-lubed keeps the parts from
chafing, heating and corroding.
Sharpen Bits and Blades
Using old and worn-out drill bits or saw blades means you have to work your
power tool even harder to get the job done. This causes extra stress on the motor
which can damage parts or cause the tool to overheat with stress. Likewise, it is also
important to make sure you are using the right bit for the material you are working
Calibrate
Power tools are precision instruments. They use a lot of moving parts that
need to remain in alignment. The tool maintenance schedule in your user’s manual
will outline when a tool should be recalibrated, usually after a specified amount of use
hours. Most tool companies offer calibration services for their products.
Tool Storage
Power tools need to be stored in a dry, clean place. Storing power tools in a
moist environment can lead to problems with the electrical components and cause
corrosion. This can cause safety issues or cause your tool to stop working completely.
Tools also should be stored inside a case or cabinet when not in use. This helps
eliminate excess dust and particles getting into the tools through the vents when not in
use.
Replace Worn Parts
As your tool gets used, some parts will eventually need to be replaced. One of
the most common replacements is the tool’s carbon brushes, which are responsible for
conducting electricity through the motor. If your tool has a drive belt, like in a belt
sander or some power saws, monitor it for wear and replace worn drive belts before
they snap. Power cords and switch assemblies are also parts that tend to become
damaged over time and are known for needing replacements.
Battery Care
Lithium-ion batteries are the current standard for power tools. One of the most
important factors to keeping your lithium-ion battery well maintained is to manage
heat. Allowing a battery to overheat can fry it beyond repair. Store your batteries in a
climate-controlled area and avoid leaving it in places where the temperature spikes
(such as in the back of an enclosed truck). Do not let the battery run completely down
before recharging it.
Implementing daily maintenance routines is the best way to prevent
problems with your power tools. A simple dusting can remove dirt and particles that
could otherwise end up in your gears or start corroding your electrical system.
Keeping your tools clean, cool and effectively oiled is a sure way to get the most out
of them.
Ways to make your equipment last longer
➢ Read the User Guide
➢ Use the Correct Equipment For The Job
o Using the right piece of equipment to carry out a task will avoid
unnecessary wear and tear on machinery, as well as assist with
completing the job in the best possible way.
➢ Know Your Machinery
o Before using a piece of equipment, ensure you, and all other
operators, know how it works and what it is for. Carry out a test run
if possible. You should also be aware of the age of the equipment,
expected life span, warranty information and any known issues and
fixes. This will ensure it is used in the correct way to prevent
breakages and for safety, and you will know what to expect of it and
if it doesn’t meet these expectations.
➢ Inspect Regularly
o Regular inspections on equipment can point up inconsistencies and
issues that may not be noticed in day-to- day use. Repair or
replacement can then be arranged before the issue gets any worse
and causes damage to the equipment or becomes unsafe. Depending
➢ Store Correctly
o Storage is important when it comes to looking after equipment, especially
smaller pieces of equipment that can easily get lost or damaged on a busy construction
site. The majority of hard-wearing equipment is weatherproof and designed to
withstand harsh conditions, however, it will usually last longer if looked after and
stored in its correct, safe, visible position.
gloves. Never touch electrical lines or equipment in wet conditions. Do not leave
electrical contacts or conductors exposed.
A good housekeeping program plans and manages the orderly storage and
movement of materials from point of entry to exit. It includes a material flow plan to
ensure minimal handling. The plan also makes sure that work areas are not used as
storage areas by having workers move materials to and from work areas as needed.
Good housekeeping includes identifying electrical hazards such as extension
cords and overloaded circuits. Dust or lint build up on machinery or work surfaces is
not a safety hazard. Good housekeeping takes a lot of time away from other tasks. A neat and
clean work area helps improve emergency response.
5 OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
SORT. Focuses on eliminating unnecessary items from the workplace that are not
needed for current production operations.
SHINE. Once the clutter that has been clogging the work areas is eliminated and
remaining items are organized, the next step is to thoroughly clean the work area.
Daily follow-up cleaning is necessary to sustain this improvement.
SET IN ORDER. Focuses on creating efficient and effective storage methods to
arrange items so that they are easy to use and to label them so that they are easy to
find and put away.
STANDARDIZE. Once the first three 5S's have been implemented, the next pillar is
to standardize the best practices in the work area. Standardize, the method to maintain
the first three pillars, creates a consistent approach with which tasks and procedures
are done.
SUSTAIN. Focuses on defining a new status quo and standard of work place
organization. Without the Sustain pillar the achievements of the other pillars will not
last long.
Self-check 2.4-4
WELCOME!
The unit of competency “INSTALL WIRING DEVICES OF FLOOR
AND WALL MOUNTED OUTLETS, LIGHTING FIXTURES / SWITCHES
AND AUXILIARY OUTLETS”, is one of the core competencies of
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II, a course
which comprises the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a TVET trainee.
CORE COMPETENCIES:
Units of Competency Module Title Code
1. Perform roughing-in, 1.1 Performing roughing-in, wiring ELC741301
wiring and cabling and cabling works for single-phase
works for single-phase distribution, power, lighting and
distribution, power, auxiliary systems
lighting and auxiliary
systems
2. Install electrical 2.1 Installing electrical ELC741302
protective devices for protective devices for
distribution, power, distribution, power, lighting,
lighting, auxiliary, auxiliary, lightning
lightning protection and protection and grounding
grounding systems systems
3. Install wiring devices 3.1 Installing wiring devices of ELC741303
of floor and wall floor and wall mounted
mounted outlets, outlets, lighting
lighting fixtures/switches and
fixtures/switches and auxiliary outlets
auxiliary outlets
MODULES OF INSTRUCTION
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
3.1 Read drawings and interpreted to determine job requirements
3.2 Identify correct type and quantity of wiring devices and consumable
items in line with job requirements
3.3 Select tools and equipment in line with job requirements
3.4 Identify correct PPE and selected in line with safety requirements
CONDITION:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
METHODOLOGY:
Self-Paced
Demonstration
Discussion
Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24
ASSESSMENT EIM
METHOD:
Date Revised: Issued by:
NCII Developed by:
Oral examination Diala, Porio, Revision # 0 Page 147 of 182
Inaanuran,
Written examination Ursolino, Ponpon
Performance test
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Learning objectives
After reading this information sheet you must be able to
1. Identify safety equipment
2. Awareness in hazards on job
Electrical Hazards
What are electrical hazards
An electrical hazard is a dangerous condition where a worker can
or does make electrical contact with energized equipment or a conductor.
From that contact, the person may sustain an injury from shock, and there
is a potential for the worker to receive an arc flash (electrical explosion)
burn, thermal burn or blast injury.
Electricity can either be "static" or "dynamic". Dynamic
electricity is the uniform motion of electrons through condition (electric
current). Static electricity is the accumulation of charge on surfaces as a
result of contact and friction with another surface.
According to the Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) there were 83¹
electrocutions in Ontario from 2001 through 2010. According to ESA, the
most common cause of occupational electrocution is using an improper
procedure (60%)².
What the law says
Employers need to develop and implement a written health and
safety program that supports the control of electrical hazards in the
workplace and follow the regulations that apply to electrical hazards in the
workplace. For example, the Construction Regulation (Ontario Regulation
213/91 Section 182) is very specific about who can work on electrical
equipment e.g. an electrician certified under the Trades Qualification and
Apprenticeship Act.
Guidelines for working on or near electrical equipment and
conductors are found in several documents, including:
Performance Objective:
Demonstrate the standard operating procedures in applying personal protective
equipment
Supplies/Materials :
Hard Hat or Helmet
Goggles
Safety shoes
Gloves
Equipment :
NA
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Comments:
Fish Tape
A fish tape is used to pull stranded or solid wire
through metal or PVC conduit. Cable lube is available
to assist you in pulling the wires through the pipe.
Tape Measure
A standard tape measure is used for all kinds of
field measurements, such as setting heights for
switches and outlets, centering lighting fixture
boxes, and marking surfaces for cutouts.
Hammer
A hammer is used to secure boxes equipped with
nail-on brackets to wall studs and other framing members
in a home. You9ll also need one to drive wire staples
when installing new electrical cable.
Tongue-and-Groove Pliers
Tongue-and-groove pliers are used to remove knockouts from
metal electrical boxes, tighten cable clamps, and adjust
expansion-type ceiling fan boxes.
Wire Strippers
Wire strippers are used to cut and strip insulation from
electrical wire. They have a variety of holes for stripping
different standard sizes of wire and include cutting teeth for trimming the wire ends.
Linesman Pliers
Linesman pliers are electrician do-it-all pliers. They cut
Flashlight
Electrical work involves a lot of dark places, from attics
and basements to wall and ceiling cavities to the insides
of electrical boxes. A flashlight is needed as much for safety
as it is for convenience.
Utility Knife
A utility knife, or box cutter, is handy for cutting
sheathing from non-metallic (Romex) cable, to cut
off electrical tape, and to open cardboard boxes.
Phillips Screwdrivers
Electricians keep screwdrivers with them at all times, for
removing and installing cover plates, outlets, switches, and
many other devices. It's best to have a few different lengths
Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24
EIM Date Revised: Issued by:
NCII Developed by:
Diala, Porio, Revision # 0 Page 158 of 182
Inaanuran,
Ursolino, Ponpon
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Straight-Blade Screwdrivers
As with Phillips screwdrivers, you will likely need more
than one size of straight- blade screwdrivers. If you have
to choose just one, pick a medium blade. It will suit most
projects.
Voltmeter or Multimeter
A voltmeter is used to read voltage levels and verify that
circuits are indeed <live.= or off. Multi meters can read voltage
levels as well as amperage (current), resistance, and DC
voltage and amperage.
Wire Crimpers
Wire crimpers are used to crimp lugs or terminals
onto wires. Many can also be used to strip wire insulation.
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
1.Voltage Tester
2.Side-Cutting Pliers
3.Long Nose Pliers
4.Multimeter or multi tester
5.Utility Knife
Performance Objective:
Demonstrate the Materials Specification
Supplies/Materials :
Hard Hat or Helmet
Goggles
Safety shoes
Gloves
Equipment :
NA
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Comments:
1.CONDUITS
1.1GALVANIZED STEEL CONDUITS AND FITTING
1. Conduit Type: In general interior and exterior wires ways shall be Electrical
Metallic Tubing (EMT). Conduits shall conform to all provision of Underwriters
Date Developed: Document No. DHS TD-007-24
EIM Date Revised: Issued by:
NCII Developed by:
Diala, Porio, Revision # 0 Page 164 of 182
Inaanuran,
Ursolino, Ponpon
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
1.Wires: Unless otherwise specified all wires shall be PVC insulated single
core, stranded copper conductor conforming to BS 6004. All wires shall be colored as
follows:
1.Phase A of 1: Red Color of wire
2.Phase B of 2: Yellow Color of wire
3.Phase C of 3: Blue Color of wire
4.Neutral: Black
5.Ground: Yellow Green or Green (One color only to be used for the
complete Installation).
The size of wires shall be as indicated in the drawings.
2.Telephone Cables: The telephone cable used for telephone socket outlet
shall be twin pairs 22 AWG, PVC insulated copper conductor wires, UL approved.
The telephone cables used as main feeder connecting the telephone junction boxes to
main telephone junction boxes shall be multi-pairs type, as specified on drawings.
3.Flexible Cords: The cords to connect short extension to the luminaries,
immersion heaters, equipment etc. shall be heat resisting PVC insulated to BS 6500 -
1969 with copper conductors.
3.WIRING ACCESSORIES
1.Unless otherwise specified all wiring accessories shall be Standard British
type. The exact type & model shall be as specified in the drawings, bill of quantities
or herein in the specific.
2.Outlet, Pull box, Junction Boxes and Fittings.
Each outlet, junction or pull box shall be of proper type, class and
construction to suit the specific conditions encountered. Outlet pull box or junction
boxes shall be conforming with IEE regulations and other applicable requirements
that have been established by the various agencies, codes and authorities.
OUTLET, PULL AND JUNCTION BOXES IN GENERAL, BE AS FOLLOWS:
2.1 Outlets for light points, convenient socket outlets, power outlets, switch
boxes, pull / junction boxes shall be code gauge 46 mm deep galvanized steel, and
shall be of shapes and size to suit their respective locations and installations and shall
be provided with covers to suit their function and installation.
2.2 Outlet boxes shall be equipped with fixtures or straps where required. All
outlet boxes shall be provided with brass ground terminals.
2.3 All junction boxes/pull boxes shall have suitable covers.
2.4 Surface mounted outlet and junction boxes in the outdoor locations shall be
of cast iron metal with threaded hubs.
2.5 The surface mounted indoor boxes shall be sheet steel painted purpose
made for surface installation.
3.LIGHTING SWITCHES
For internal use shall be of the grid assembly pattern with rocker operated
switch units suitable for operation with inductive loads. Switches shall be either, one
way, two way or intermediate as indicated in the drawings and shall be rated 20
Amps.
Switch plates shall be champagne, charcoal or satin chrome cover finish, MK
make Accent type for all offices area.
Switch plates shall be Matt chrome cover finish, MK make ALBANY range
for all services area, including toilets, kitchen, guard room, pump room, electric room
etc. and metal clad cover finish shall be used in the factory, storage area, finished
product, etc. where Electrical Metal Tube (EMT) pipes are used, as shown and
described on drawings.
For internal surface installation switches shall be provided with matching steel
box and shall be with metal clad finish.
External outdoor switches shall be covered with weather proof flap. EGA tube
make.
Pull cord switches shall be of white molded plastic suitable for surface
mounted and shall be supplied with matching patterns. These shall be manufactured
by MK Co. Ltd. (England) or approved equivalent.
4.CONVENIENT SOCKET OUTLETS
For flush indoor installation shall be 13 A, 3 pin switched socket outlet with
indicator and manufactured to British Standard. Finishing to be Matt chrome cover
finish, MK make ALBANY range for all services area, including toilets, kitchen,
guard room, pump room, electric room etc. and metal clad cover finish shall be used
in the factory, storage, finished product, etc. where Electrical Metal Tube (EMT)
pipes are used, as shown and described on drawings.
5.TELEPHONE OUTLETS
Telephone outlets shall be suitable for surface or flush installation with
American standard socket outlet. The finish of the switch plates shall be Matt chrome
cover finish, MK make ALBANY range for all services area, including toilets,
kitchen, guard room, pump room, electric room etc. and metal clad cover finish shall
be used in the factory, storage area, finished product, etc. where Electrical Metal Tube
(EMT) pipes are used, as shown and described on drawings.
6.SPUR UNITS
Spur units shall be 20A or 45A, DP switch type with pilot lamp. For flush
installation shall be switched and fitted with neon indicator and cord outlet on the
front plate. Finish to be as specified elsewhere.
7.DP SWITCH OUTLET
The DP switch outlet shall be suitable for flush or surface type of installation.
The capacity as indicated on the drawings. The finish shall be Matt chrome cover
finish, Mk make ALBANY range for all services area, including toilets, kitchen,
guard room, pump room, electric room etc. and metal clad cover finish shall be used
in the factory, storage area, finished products, etc. where Electrical metal Tube (EMT)
pipes are used, as shown and described on drawings.
8.CONNECTOR OUTLETS
Connector outlets shall comprise flush overlapping plates of white molded
plastic suitable for attachment to standard recessed steel boxes. These shall be fitted in
three terminals a clamping device for outgoing flexible cable.
4.WIRING INSTALLATION
The wiring installation shall be in conformity with IEE regulations and/or
approved equivalent standard.
Unless otherwise specified all wiring shall be in rigid PVC conduit
embedded in wall, or ceiling or concealed in the false ceiling.
The size of conduits shall be selected in accordance with the IEE
regulations and the minimum size of the conduit shall be 20 mm dia unless otherwise
indicated or approved.
Factory made conduit bends shall be used where required. Conduits shall be
kept at minimum of 100 mm from the pipes of other non-electrical services.
Separate conduits and runways shall be used for:
1.Lighting system.
2.Power outlets.
3.Emergency light.
4.Telephone system.
5.Fire alarm system.
Home runs indicated in the drawings for the final branch circuits shall be
kept in a separate conduit upto the panel board via switches wherever called for. No
other wiring shall be bunched in the same conduit.
Flexible cords for connection to appliances, fans and pendants shall be
250/440V grade, three or four cores, with tinned stranded copper wires, insulated,
twisted and sheathed with strengthening cord. Color of sheath shall be subject to the
architect approval.
For each lot of wires the contractor shall supply a certificate issued by the
manufacturer stating its origin, date of manufacture, constitution and standard to
which it complies and the test certificates.
Looping system of wiring shall be used. Wires shall not be jointed. Where
joints are unavoidable, these shall be made through approved mechanical connector.
6.CONTROL SWITCHES
Control switches shall be connected in the phase conductors only and shall
be 8ON9 when knob is down. Switches shall be fixed in galvanized steel boxes.
Chromium plated screws shall be used.
220 V (230 V) power supply wiring shall be distinctly separate form any
other different voltage system and lighting wiring.
Though the circuit wiring is indicated on the drawing, contractor shall
check and be responsible for the connection.
Each circuit phase wire from the distribution boards should be followed
with a separate neutral wire of the same size as the circuit wire.
Each light point and outlet shall be identified with their circuit number and
panel board number with a label pasted on them.
7.TESTING OF ELECTRICAL WIRING SYSTEM
The entire installation shall be tested in accordance with IEE regulations for:
1. Insulation resistance.
2. Earth continuity.
1.B
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.A
Terminology
Block diagram: a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are
represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks.
Schematic diagram: a diagram that uses lines to represent the wires and symbols to
represent components. It is used to show how the circuit functions.
Performance Objective:
Demonstrate the Procedures in interpreting job requirements of wiring devices
Supplies/Materials :
Sacket
Bulb
Set of pliers
Switches
Screw driver
Wires
Tester
Breaker
Equipment :
NA
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Comments:
signature:
Trainer9s
signature
:
Date: