NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTÍN

FROM AREQUIPA
FACULTY OF HISTORICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF SOCIOLOGY

ENGLISH

FORMATIVE RESEARCH: GLOSSARY OF SOCIOLOGY WORDS

Teacher: Carlota Cristina Pilco Andia

Group members:

Chaucca Zapana Lucia Cila

Cruz Alviri Sandra Paola
Follano Machaca Katherin Monica
Huahuasoncco Aguilar Anyela Yobana

Cluster: A

Date of delivery: 06/01/2024

AREQUIPA - PERÚ
2024
 INTRODUCTION

As we delve into the dynamic field of sociology, we recognize the pivotal role that

precise and nuanced language plays in fostering scholarly dialogue. This glossary aims not

only to elucidate the definitions of key terms but also to contextualize them within the

broader academic discourse, facilitating a more profound comprehension of sociological

theories, methodologies, and debates.

It is composed of words from the alphabet related to sociology with their respective

sentences, which in turn serve as examples to better understand the meanings in sociological

contexts. These are alphabetically ordered, and for each letter, there are two words with their

respective meanings. For each word, there are two sentences. Likewise, the words, for the

most part, were gathered from sociology books and dictionaries.

We acknowledge that this condensed experience in this document will serve as a tool that

contributes to enriching students' knowledge; empowering users to engage with sociological

texts, research, and discussions with acuity, ensuring that language serves as a tool for

intellectual exploration and critical analysis.

 GLOSSARY
LETTERS WORDS AND THEIR MEANING
A ACTIVISM
The defense of human rights.
ABUSE
Action and effect of making
excessive, improper, unfair use of
something.
B BUREAUCRAT
A full-time employee or senior
official of an office with a separate,
identifiable budget (William
Niskanen).
BOURGEOISIE
Set of people means the production
and distribution of wealth.
C CONFLICT
Conflict is a process in which there is
opposition of (tangible) interests,
needs and/or unsatisfied values.
CORRUPTION
Corruption is the abuse of public
power to obtain private benefit.
PRAYERS
I am passionate about animal rights, so
I engage in activism to raise
awareness.
Many people join activism movements
to fight for social justice.
It is important to speak up against any
form of abuse, whether it's physical or
emotional.
Abuse is never acceptable in any form.
Peruvian government bureaucrats are
corrupt.
Bureaucrats are responsible for
carrying out administrative tasks.
The bourgeoisie class is known for
their wealth and ownership of the
means of production.
The bourgeoisie often controls the
economy and holds a higher social
status.
There was a conflict between two
nations, leading to a war.
The conflict arises from two different
opinions.
The politician was accused of
corruption and was removed from
office.
 Corruption can undermine the trust of
the citizens in the government.

D DELINQUENCY Delinquency is a serious issue that

affects communities worldwide.
It is an extremely complex social
phenomenon that affects both citizens The government is taking measures to
and public and private property. reduce delinquency rates in the city.

DEMOCRACY In a democracy, the citizens have the

power to elect their leaders.
Political system in which sovereignty
resides in the people, who exercise it Freedom of speech is an essential
directly or through representatives. aspect of democracy.

E ECONOMY The country's economy is thriving due

Science that deals with the problems
that arise in relation to satisfaction of
the material needs of individuals and
society.
to increased investments.
The pandemic had a negative impact
on the global economy.

ETHNICITY Our university celebrates diversity and

Defined human community due to
racial, cultural affinities, linguistics,
etc.
multiculturalism, embracing students
of different ethnicities.
People should be treated equally
regardless of their ethnicity.

F FALLACY It is important to avoid logical fallacies

when making an argument.
Deceit, fraud, falsehood, deceit or lie
with which an attempt is made to The politician used a fallacy to
harm a person and the act or habit of manipulate the public's opinion.
using falsehoods in damage to third
parties.

FAMILY Family is a source of love, support, and

Basic nucleus of society, it constitutes
a lasting original and fundamental
nucleus, but it is not a permanent
group.
belonging.
Family is an important support system
during difficult times.
G GENOCIDE
Destruction carried out intentionally
against national, religious, ethnic or
racial groups.
GLOBALIZATION
Deepening of the gap between rich
and poor, by favoring the
concentration of wealth in a few
hands.
H HEGEMONY
Supremacy that one State exercises
over others.
HYPOTHESIS
Supposition of something possible or
impossible to draw a consequence
from it.
I INTERRELATIONSHIP
Mutual correspondence between
people, things or phenomena.
IDEOLOGY
Set of fundamental ideas that
characterizes the thinking of a person, Gender ideology is a common
community or era, of a cultural,
religious or political movement, etc
.
Genocide is a horrific crime that
involves the deliberate extermination
of a specific group.
The international community
condemned the genocide and called for
justice.
Globalization has led to increased trade
between countries.
The advancements in technology have
facilitated globalization.
Social hegemony manages to
universalize the interests of all
individuals.
The Peruvian state has hegemony in
the sectors of the economy, politics and
society.
The researcher poses a hypothesis in
his research.
The student keeps his hypothesis open
in his research.
The integration of the entire society
generates unification for progress.
Inequality affects the integration of
people in democracy.
Karl Marx has the ideology that
capitalism is a better economic system.
problem in society.
J JARGON
Special language used by a particular
human group, generally professional
or linked to a certain trade, to
communicate with each other.
JUSTICE
Moral principle that determines that
everyone must live honestly.
K KNOWLEDGE
The ability to internalize the set of
knowledge that is acquired.
KAKISTOCRACY
It is a term used in political analysis
and criticism to designate a
government formed by the most inept
of a certain social group.
L LEAGUE
Grouping of individuals, entities,
states, among others.
LOGIC
Science that studies the correctness of
reasoning, both formal and
non-formal.
Professionals use jargon to
communicate in their technical field.
Families use jargon that facilitates
their communication in their daily
lives.
Society imparts justice for the
common good.
Social justice generates equality in
opportunities and Human Rights.
Sociologists have important
theoretical knowledge to understand
society.
Practical knowledge is important for
the researcher in the study of society.
The citizens lived in a kakistocracy
with Alberto Fujimori.
Citizens reject kakistocracy.
People communicate using the same
language.
Language allows the understanding of
social facts.
Researchers contribute knowledge and
logical thoughts to society.
Society uses logic in its daily life
decisions.
 M MORAL People act according to their morals in
the different situations they live in.
Pertaining to the actions of people,
from the point of view of their actions The researchers act according to their
in relation to good or evil. morals.

MISSION Sociologists have the mission of

developing a better society.
Power, the power given to someone to
perform some task. The researcher's mission in his
research lasted many years.

N NEGOTIATION Citizens and the president held a

Process in which two or more people
try to reach a particular agreement.
negotiation to end the conflict of
violent protests.
The two countries held a negotiation to
end the war.

NEED Citizens need a free democracy.

It is the state of a being in which there People have the need to build cultural
is a lack of an element, and its and social networks.
achievement is essential to live in a
state of well-being.

O OPPRESSION Oppression can take many forms, from

System of domination that deprives
certain groups of their rights and
resources.
systemic discrimination to individual
acts of injustice.
People united to stand against
oppression and demand equal rights for
all.

OBJETIVISM Objectivism in sociology emphasizes

Perspective that seeks to understand
social reality objectively, without
subjective influences.
the importance of studying social
phenomena without subjective biases.
Researchers strive for objectivism
when analyzing data to ensure an
impartial understanding of social
behaviors.
 PARADIGM
P Theoretical framework or perspective
that guides research and analysis in
sociology.
PROLETARIAT
The social class that sells its labor
power and owns few productive
resources.
QUALITATIVE
Q Refers to sociological research
methods that focus on descriptive
rather than numerical aspects.
QUESTIONS
The search for answers through
questioning.
R ROL
The expected behavior of an
individual in a society, based on their
social position.
The scientific community underwent a
paradigm shift when new evidence
challenged existing theories.
The functionalist paradigm views
society as a system of interconnected
parts working together for stability.
The proletariat plays a central role in
discussions about class structure and
economic inequality.
The proletariat sells its labor power
and owns few productive resources.
A qualitative study gathers information
from people's perspectives.
Qualitative research methods aim to
explore the depth of human
experiences.
In sociology, questions drive the
exploration of societal patterns and
dynamics.
Sociologists use questions to
understand and analyze human
behavior.
Understanding social roles helps
sociologists analyze how individuals
contribute to the functioning of a
community.
The role is a behavior associated with
an individual's position in society.
 RATIONALIZATION
The process by which human
activities become more organized,
efficient, and rationally controlled.
S SYSTEM
An interrelated set of elements
working together to form a whole.
SOCIETY
A group of individuals who share a
culture and are interconnected
through social relationships.
T THEORY
A systematic set of concepts and
propositions that seek to explain and
predict social phenomena.
TREND
General direction in which a social
phenomenon develops or changes
over time.
The concept of rationalization is
crucial in understanding how societies
streamline their structures and
functions to meet specific goals.
Rationalization in sociology refers to
the process of organizing and
optimizing social activities to make
them more efficient and controlled.
Social systems play a crucial role in
shaping patterns of human interaction.
Understanding the education system is
vital in sociological analysis.
Social structures in society influence
opportunities and constraints for
individuals.
The study of society involves
exploring relationships and interactions
among people.
Understanding societal structures is a
key goal of sociological theory.
Sociological theories help guide
research and shed light on patterns
within human societies.
Sociologists analyze societal trends to
understand shifts in behavior and
attitudes.
Studying cultural trends is vital in
sociology to grasp the dynamics of
social change.
U ULTRA GENERALIZATION
According to SÈller, one of the
characteristics that presents everyday
life. That is to say, everyday thinking
has excessive generalization.
Ultra-generalizing judgments They
are always provisional judgments
only validated by practice.
UTOPIA
Imaginative representation of a future
society with characteristics that favor
human good.
V VANDALISM
Spirit of destruction that does not
respect anything.
VETO
Right that a person or corporation has
to prohibit or prevent something.u In
matters of constitutional right, is
usually used fundamentally to mean
the right attributed, according to the
constitutions to the head of the State
or the Congress, regarding the laws
voted by popular election.
Ultra-generalization in the educational
field can lead to erroneous conclusions
and the application of ineffective
strategies to address the individual
needs of students.
The ultra-generalization of cultural
stereotypes can lead to misperceptions
and contribute to discrimination.
The idea of ​a perfect society, where
equality and justice reign for all, seems
to be an unattainable utopia in today's
world.
The utopia of a world without war is a
goal worth pursuing.
Vandalism of historical monuments is a
crime against culture.
The authorities must take measures to
prevent and punish vandalism, to
protect the community and its property.
The president's veto of the tax reform
caused great controversy.
Russia's veto of the UN resolution on
Syria was widely criticized.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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https://biblioteca.multiversidadreal.com/BB/Biblio/Orlando%20Greco/Diccionario%20de%2
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pdf

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