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Original Solution :- A part of the given salt is dissolved in distilled water or dil.HCl to get a clear solution . This original solution is used for
the analysis of Basic Radical.
Basic Radical :-
G0 – no group reagent = NH4+ .
A) Sodium Hydroxide Test :-
Salt NaOH Solution heat = pun. Smell of ammonia
Expose a glass rod dipped in conc.Hcl = Dense White Fumes are formed
B) Confirmatory Test fot NH4+ :-
Nessler’s reagent test :-
Original Solution + Nessler’s reagent + NaOH Solution Excess = Brown precipitate
G1 – Dil.HCl = Pb2+
G2 – Dil.HCl + H2S excess = Cu2+, Pb2+, As3+
G3 – NH4Cl[S] + NH4OH excess = Fe3+,Al3+
Al3+ –
A) Sodium Hydroxide Test :-
Original solution + 2-3 drops NaOH Solution = White precipitate.
White Precipitate + NaOH excess = Precipitate dissolves.
Clear Solution+NH4Cl,Warm = Precipitate Reappears.
B) Lake Test :-
Original Solution + blue litmus solution + NH4OH drops = Blue Precipitate
G4 – NH4Cl[S] + NH4OH + H2S excess = Zn2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Co2+
G5 – NH4Cl[S] + NH4OH + [NH4]2CO3 = Ba2+,Sr2+,Ca2+
Ca2+ –
A) Ammonium oxalate test :-
Original solution + dil.Acetic acid + Ammonium oxalate Solution = White Precipitate.
B) Flame test :-
Thin paste of salt in con.HCl is held in non–luminous flame = Brick red colour is imparted.
Ba2+ –
A) 𝐾2 𝐶𝑟𝑂4 test:-
Original solution+dil.acetic acid+potassium chromate solution = yellow precipitate
B) Flame test :-
Thin paste of salt in con.HCl is held in non–luminous flame = Brick red colour is imparted.
Sr2+ –
A)Ammonium Sulphate test:-
Original solution + dil.acetic acid + ammonium sulphate solution warm = white precipitate.
B) Flame test :-
Thin paste of salt in con.HCl is held in non–luminous flame = Brick red colour is imparted.
G6 – no group reagent = Mg2+
Mg2+ –
A) Sodium Hydroxide test :-
Original solution + NaOH Soln = White precepetate Soluble in NaOH Soln
B) Ammonium Phospate test :-
Original solution + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate = White precepetate Insoluble in
NaOH Soln