W2-A Learning Area

Quarter
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
3
Grade Level
Date
12

I. LESSON TITLE Academic Texts and Texts and Text Structure

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Types of Text Structure

IV. LEARNING Suggested

Learning Activities
PHASES Timeframe
A. Introduction 25 minutes What is text structure?
Panimula Text structure refers to how the information within a written text is organized. This
strategy helps you understand that a text might present a main idea and details;
a cause and then its effects; and/or different views of a topic among others.
Knowing to recognize common text structures can help you monitor your
comprehension.
Source: http://www.adlit.org/strategies/23336
Two Common Academic Text Structure
A. 3 Part Essay Structure- This is the basis of all formal writing.
1. Introduction- states the issue or topic, reason or purpose, and structure or the
manner in which the writer wants the readers to get the information of the
paper.
2. Body Paragraph-elaboration or explanation of the topic. It is in the body that
comprehensive discussion of the topic is done by citing evidences that support
the writer’s perspectives on the topic being discussed through examples,
definitions, etc.
3. Conclusion-summary of the ideas presented in the paper and explains briefly
how these ideas are connected to one another. This connection of ideas is
generally known as the general statement.
B. IMRad Text Strudture- This is commonly used in writing scientific articles or reports
1. Introduction-states the status of a current phenomenon. It includes what the
author know and what he/she wanted to know about It is also in the
introduction where the writer states his/her thesis statement, hypothesis or
research question
2. Methods- explains the process on an author reach the results of his/her study or
investigation.
3. Results and Discussion-explains the findings of the study or investigation. Here,
the author can compare the result of his/her work with other existing studies or
investigations and posts his/her recommendation/s based on his/her findings.

For more discussion on Basic Text Structure, please click this link,
https://www.slideshare.net/pokray/structure-and-features-of-academic-text

What are the different types of text structures?

There are five (5) text structures: these are description, cause and effect,
comparison and contrast, sequence or order, and problem – solution. The table
listed below shows their respective definition and specific examples.

Text structure Definition Example

Description This type of text structure Communication is a method of

features a detailed exchanging ideas or information
description of something with one another. This term comes
to give the reader a from the Latin term, communicare,
mental picture meaning exchanging of ideas. It is
not a one-way activity but a two
way process.
Cause and This structure presents the A person who widens his
Effect causal relationship vocabulary by reading and
between an specific improve his speaking thru practice
event, idea, or concept may improve his chances of
and the events, ideas, or communicating effectively
concept that follow.
Comparison/ This type of text examines Communication may be expressed
Contrast the similarities and through speaking and writing. Both
differences between two are considered productive skills
because they allow production of

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 or more people, events, sounds and symbols. However,
concepts, ideas, etc. they differ in terms of how they are
being carried out by people.
Order/ This text structure gives In order to become an effective
Sequence readers a chronological communicator, one has to
of events or a list of steps consider the following: first, you
in a procedure need to become a wide reader;
then, you need to expose yourself
in an environment where
communication is practiced and
third, you need to practice.
Problem- This type of structure sets If a person is shy in communicating,
Solution up a problem or one has to look for ways on how he
. problems, explains the or she can motivate himself /
solution, and then herself to boost his/her confidence
discusses the effects of and find ways to improve through
the solution reading, writing and practicing the
language.
Source: http://www.adlit.org/strategies/23336/

For more discussion about this, please see Self-Learning Module in English for
Academic and Professional Purposes by Talavera ,pp. 6-7

Self Learning Module in English for Academic and Professional Purposes by De

Asis,p.18

For more discussion about academic text structure please click this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3P2fVY9jjA
B. Development 15 minutes Learning Task 1: Read and evaluate the different texts presented below. Write
Pagpapaunlad your observations in your notebook. Then, identify the way these texts are written.

Text A Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by

a newly discovered coronavirus.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
Text B Both COVID-19 and the flu are respiratory illnesses that spread from
person to person. The symptoms of the flu and COVID-19 have
some differences. People who have the flu will typically experience
symptoms within 1–4 days. The symptoms for COVID-19 can
develop between 1–14 days. However, according to 2020
research, the median incubation period for COVID-19 is 5.1 days.
As a point of comparison, the incubation period for a cold is 1–3
days.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-vs-flu
Text C If a person goes out without a facemask and face shield, he or she
is vulnerable of getting exposed to acquiring the virus.
Text D These are the things that we must do to protect ourselves of getting
the virus: First, we should always wear a face mask and face shield.
Second, we should wash our hands. Third, we should practice
social distancing. And finally, we can always stay at home to keep
the virus from spreading.
TEXT E The increase in the number of COVID 19 cases can be prevented
by implementing strict safety protocols, increase number of testing
in the area and intensive implementation of contact tracing.

Learning Task 2: Answer the following questions based on the texts given.
1. Which of the text:
a. Tells a description _________________________
b. Shows a sequence _________________________
c. Compares and contrast _________________________
d. Establishes cause and effect _________________________
e. Shows problem and solutions _________________________
2. What characteristics do each of the text have that makes them different from
each other?
___________________________________________________________
Self Learning Module in English for Academic and Professional Purposes by De Asis
,p. 15

2
C. Engagement 15 minutes Learning Task 1: Identify the type of text structures presented below using the
Pakikipagpalihan choices below.
Description Cause and Effect Comparison and Contrast
Sequence Problem and Solution
________1. Follows a certain procedure.
________2. Show causal relationship in written discourse
________3. Presents problems that may require answers
________4. Gives the reader a mental picture of what the idea is
________5. Two or things are being used to highlight their similarities and
differences.

Learning Task 2: Using the same choices above, identify the type of text
structures used in the following.
1. Pop out (remove) the egg yolks to a small bowl and mash with a fork.
Add mayonnaise, mustard powder, vinegar, salt and pepper and mix
thoroughly. Fill the empty egg white shells with the mixture and sprinkle lightly
with paprika. Cover lightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for up to one day
before serving.
2. There are two popular sports played at Brgy. Canlubang: basketball and
volleyball. Both take place inside of the gym at Sitio Asia I. Also, each sport has
two teams of people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played off of the
floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch the floor or it is out of play.
Basketball and volleyball are popular sports at Canlubang.
3. Lots of students fail classes. Some students fail because the work is too
hard for them. Other times they may fail because they are lazy, and don’t do
any work. Another reason why students may fail is if they don’t go to school. If
you’re not in class you may miss a lot. Many students fail classes every quarter.
4. A lot of students have been failing classes. These students wouldn’t be
failing classes if they studied more, asked questions, tried harder, and came in
for extra help. Even though a lot of students fail classes, they have many
options if they want to pass.
5. Devers experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s career, as she stood
on the huge platform in the giant stadium and received an Olympic gold
medal. Eighteen months earlier she wasn’t thinking about running. She was
hoping that she would be able to walk again. Just four years earlier, in the
summer of 1988, as Devers was training for the Olympic Games, to be held in
Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel very tired all the time and failed to make
the Olympic finals.
De Asis, Jan Michael P., Self-Learning Module in English for Academic and
Professional Purposes, Department of Education, Division of Calamba City, pp. 19
D. Assimilation 20 minutes Direction: Read the articles below then identify if any of the following text structures
Paglalapat were included in its content. Show the part/s which utilized any of these structures
by writing it on the appropriate column.

Description
Chronological
Sequence
Compare and Contrast
Cause and Effect
Problem-Solution
1. Market Leaders
Most mobile phones sold today have an operating system that was either
designed by Apple or Google. Apple makes the iOS operating system powering
their iPhones and iPads. Google makes the Android operating system that can be
found on many different mobile phones and tablets. Both of these operating
systems allow users to connect to app stores and download applications. To
launch these applications, users press small square buttons that appear on their
home screens. One major difference between these two operating systems is that
Apple makes all of its own hardware. That is to say, the iOS operating system only
appears on products created by Apple. On the other hand, many different
manufacturers like Samsung, Sony, and LG use the Android operating system.
Which one do you like better: Android or iOS?

2. Downloading Apps
Getting a new phone is a really cool feeling, but your phone can’t do much with-
out applications. In order to get the most from your new phone, you need to
download apps. To do this you will need a data connection. Some plans allow you
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to get data from your phone network. If your plan lets you to do this, you can
connect to web services anywhere that your phone gets a signal. If your plan does
not let you to do this, you will need to connect your device to a Wi-Fi net-work.
Free Wi-Fi can be found at coffee shops, laundry mats, and other public locations.
Once your phone is receiving data, go to the application store on the device. Use
the search or browse functions to find fun, interesting, or useful pro-grams. Once
you have found an application that you want to try, click the but-ton to download
and install it on your device. Not all applications are free, so make sure that you
know how much the app costs before agreeing to download it. Also, if you are
under the age of 18, get your parent’s permission before downloading anything.
You’ll like your new phone so much more once you have some cool apps.

3. Lost and Found

A mobile phone is lost every second by some estimates. A 2011 survey shows that
about 22% of Americans have lost a mobile phone. When a person loses their
phone, they don’t just lose a device that may have cost as much as $600, they
lose phone numbers, photos, and sensitive information. If the phone isn’t locked
and it gets lost or stolen, someone may use it to commit identity theft. Perhaps the
worst part about this is that it can be prevented. Today’s smart phones have free
applications that allow you to find your lost phone using GPS signals. Even if you
cannot retrieve your phone, you can use these applications to delete your data
so that you are less likely to become a victim of theft. Losing your phone feels
horrible, but if you take the time to install a phone-finding app, you’ll be much
better prepared to deal with it.

4. Eyes on the Road

For better or worse, mobile phones are changing the world; however, one place
where phones are definitely making things worse is on the road. Today it is com-
mon for motorists to play with their mobile phones while driving. Drivers may get
bored or impatient while waiting in traffic and use their smart phones to pass the
time by checking sports scores, stock numbers, or news stories. Worse still, they may
engage in text messaging. Some drivers are so used to receiving and responding
to communications immediately that it does not occur to them to wait until an
appropriate time to respond. As soon as they get a message, these drivers will try
to read and respond to it. There are many reasons why people use cell phones
while driving, but none of them are good reasons.

5. The Intelligent Telephone

A smart phone is a mobile phone with built-in computer system that can send
emails, view websites, or download applications. The first use of the term smart
phone was in 1997, when Ericson described its GS 88 as a “smart phone.” In 2003
phones got even smarter when Andy Rubin launched the Android mobile
operating system. It would take years for the first Android powered phone to reach
the market, but today over 80% of all mobile phones are powered by An-droid.
Yet, perhaps the biggest development in the history of smart phones occurred in
2007, when the original iPhone was released. The first iPhone didn’t even have an
app store, but it set many of the standards that people have come to expect from
smart phones, like using the phone with just a finger on the screen rather than with
a keypad or stylus. Smart phones have changed the world and continue to
improve. I don’t know where the future will take us, but I bet that the phones will
be cooler.

6. Difficult Decisions
Since I made honor roll every quarter this year, my mom is going to buy me a new
phone for my birthday. I can’t decide whether I want to get an iPhone or a Galaxy.
They are both really cool phones, and they cost about the same, but they are also
different in a lot of ways too, like the Galaxy has a bigger screen. The iPhone’s
screen isn’t small or anything, it’s just not as big as the Galaxy’s. However, the
iPhone connects with my iTunes account. All of my music is al-ready uploaded to
iTunes, so all I have to do is sync my phone and then I can listen to all of my music.
That’d be cool. But if I got the Galaxy, I could use Google Play to upload my old
songs and buy new ones. This would give me a chance to go through my old music
collection. That’d be cool too. I’m not sure which one I’m going to get but I’m
super pumped about it either way. Maybe if you make honor roll every quarter
next year, you can get a new phone too. It’s worth a shot.

Self-Learning Module in English for Academic and Professional Purposes by

Talavera ,Department of Education, Region IV-A, pp. 9-11
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V.ASSESSMENT 10 Direction: Identify the text structure of the following passages. Underline signal
words and clues that helped you determine each structure.
_____________________1. Wild chimpanzees are rapidly disappearing. Some people
are trying to solve this problem. Otherwise, chimpanzees may one day exist only in
zoos. People are trying to save the rain forests and woodlands where
the chimps live from being cut down. It will take many people working together to
solve this problem.
_____________________2. Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A baby
chimp laughs when its mother tickles it. After chimpanzees fight, they kiss and make
up. When one chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug or
pat on the back. There are, of course, many ways that chimpanzees and humans
are different. Chimpanzees are smaller and stronger than humans. An adult male
chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall and weighs about 100 pounds. But a
chimpanzee can lift more weight than a man who is six feet tall.
_____________________3. Chimps live in groups and like each other a lot, but
sometimes they fight. Because they don’t want to stay angry at each other after
a fight, they make up by holding a hand out to the other and kissing. They show
they are sorry with pats and hugs. Then the anger goes away.
_____________________4. A chimpanzee’s body is made for climbing and swinging
in the trees. First, it uses its long arms to reach a branch. Next, with its flexible hands
and feet, it grabs and hooks on to the branch. Finally, it swings from that branch
to another branch of tree.
_____________________5. It is fun to read about chimpanzees. All wild chimpanzees
live in Africa. They live mostly in thick rain forests and in woodlands. There are two
types, or species, of chimpanzees—the common chimpanzee and the bonobo,
also known as the pygmy chimpanzee.

Answers
1. Problem/Solution
2. Compare/Contrast
3. Cause/Effect
4. Sequence
5. Description
https://www.troup.org/userfiles
VI. REFLECTION 5 minutes This lesson made me realized that ________________________________

I therefore commit to ___________________________________________

Prepared by: Josefina M. Fabra Checked by: Andrea M. Senadoza

SHS Teacher –Punta IS EPS Calamba City

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KEY TO CORRECTION:

Activity 1
Answers may vary

Activity 2
1. A- Texts A
B- TeXT D
C. TEXT B
D. TEXT E
2. answers may vary

Activity 3
Task 1: 1. Sequence
2. Cause-Effect
3. Problem and Solution
4. Description
5. Comparison and Contrast
Task 2
1. Comparison and Contrast
2. Chronological
3. Description
4. Cause-effect
5. Description
6. Comparison and contrast

Assessment
1. Problem/Solution
2. Compare/Contrast
3. Cause/Effect
4. Sequence
5. Description