Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Sentence structure & Verb tenses

Task 1. [Listening – British accent] Listen and try to understand the meanings
of the words in bold.
The use of social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, are replacing face-to-face
contact in this century.
Do you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

It has come to the attention of many Nhiều người đã chú ý rằng, ngày nay,
that, nowadays, online networking is mạng trực tuyến đang thay thế giao tiếp
replacing direct communication. While trực tiếp. Mặc dù sự thay đổi này đã tạo
this change has facilitated connectivity, điều kiện thuận lợi cho sự kết nối, tăng
economic growth, and individual trưởng kinh tế và tự do cá nhân, nhưng
freedom, it has also brought about nó cũng mang lại sự hỗn loạn, thù địch
chaos, animosity, and given rise to a và làm phát sinh nhiều hoạt động tội
wide variety of criminal activities. phạm.

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

On the one hand, we need to Một mặt, chúng ta cần thừa nhận nhiều
acknowledge the many benefits of lợi ích của các trang mạng ảo. Trong quá
virtual networking sites. In the past, the khứ, Internet cho phép các hãng tin tức
Internet allowed news outlets to reach tiếp cận độc giả của họ trên khắp thế
their audiences around the world, but it giới, nhưng chính mạng xã hội, lần đầu
is social media that, for the first time in tiên trong lịch sử loài người, đã tạo điều
human history, has enabled meaningful, kiện cho các cuộc tranh luận toàn cầu có
lively, and most importantly, democratic ý nghĩa, sống động và quan trọng nhất là
global debates on all matters, ranging dân chủ về mọi vấn đề, thuộc nhiều lĩnh
from serious issues such as climate vực khác nhau. từ những vấn đề nghiêm
change, human rights, women's rights, trọng như biến đổi khí hậu, nhân quyền,
to frivolous non-issues such as TV quyền phụ nữ cho đến những vấn đề
series endings, celebrities’ fashion. không phù phiếm như cái kết của phim
Another major development that these truyền hình, thời trang của người nổi
platforms have provided is the tools for tiếng. Một sự phát triển lớn khác mà các
self-expression, self-discovery, and for nền tảng này đã cung cấp là các công cụ
some, even great financial rewards. để thể hiện bản thân, khám phá bản
Through pieces of writing, photographs, thân và thậm chí đối với một số phần
clips, anyone with access to these sites thưởng tài chính lớn. Thông qua các bài
can find themselves the next Internet viết, ảnh, clip, bất kỳ ai có quyền truy cập
sensation or influencer. vào các trang web này đều có thể thấy
mình là người có sức ảnh hưởng hoặc
cảm xúc tiếp theo trên Internet.

Mặt khác, chúng ta khó có thể bỏ qua

On the other hand, we can hardly ignore
những tác động tiêu cực mà mạng xã hội
the negative effects that social media
gây ra. Ở quy mô lớn, các cuộc đối thoại
exert. On a large scale, global dialogues
toàn cầu có thể biến thành những cuộc
can turn into global quarrels overnight
cãi vã toàn cầu chỉ sau một đêm do tin
due to fake news and unchecked
giả và các nguồn thông tin không được
information sources. As for personal
kiểm soát. Đối với các mối quan hệ cá
relationships, due to the absence of
nhân, do không có giao tiếp phi ngôn
non-verbal communication such as eye
ngữ như giao tiếp bằng mắt, nét mặt và
contact, facial expressions and gestures,
cử chỉ nên có thể xảy ra việc hiểu sai văn
misinterpretation of written texts can

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

occur, leading to unsolved conflicts. bản, dẫn đến mâu thuẫn không giải
Worse than that, online shoppers might quyết được. Tệ hơn nữa, người mua
also fall victim to credit card hàng trực tuyến còn có thể trở thành
theft, identity theft from hackers as nạn nhân của các hành vi trộm cắp thẻ
well as scams as e-commerce still lacks tín dụng, đánh cắp danh tính từ tin tặc
many safety measures compared to cũng như lừa đảo do thương mại điện tử
traditional commerce. A recent còn thiếu nhiều biện pháp an toàn so với
discovery about the activities of social thương mại truyền thống. Một phát hiện
media giants has caused even further gần đây về hoạt động của những công ty
concern: Facebook has been found to truyền thông xã hội thậm chí còn gây lo
allow users' data to be exploited ngại hơn nữa: Facebook đã bị phát hiện
without consent by third parties for cho phép khai thác dữ liệu của người
financial and political gains. Without dùng mà không có sự đồng ý của bên
heavy penalties imposed on violations, thứ ba vì lợi ích tài chính và chính trị. Nếu
there is a real threat to users' privacy. không có những hình phạt nặng đối với
các hành vi vi phạm, thực sự sẽ có nguy
cơ đe dọa đến quyền riêng tư của người
dùng.

Personally, I think that social media do Cá nhân tôi nghĩ rằng mạng xã hội gây
as much harm as they do good. As with hại nhiều như lợi ích. Cũng như nhiều
many other great inventions, they are phát minh vĩ đại khác, chúng vẫn tồn tại
here to stay, and whether they can bring ở đây và liệu chúng có thể mang lại một
about a better world depends entirely thế giới tốt đẹp hơn hay không hoàn
on how we as governments, toàn phụ thuộc vào cách chúng ta với tư
organizations and individuals would cách là các chính phủ, tổ chức và cá nhân
make use of it. sẽ sử dụng nó.

Word / Phrase Definition Example

facilitate (verb) make something possible The current structure does not
/fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪt/ or easier/ TẠO ĐIỀU KIỆN facilitate efficient work flow.

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

animosity (noun) strong dislike, The animosity between the two

/ˌænɪˈmɒsəti/ opposition, or anger / HIỀM countries is the result of the
KHÍCH most recent fighting at the
border.

acknowledge (verb) to accept, admit, or The American

/əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/ recognize something or the airline acknowledged their role
truth or existence of something in the accident and agreed to
/ CÔNG NHẬN pay families of the victim's large
sum of money.

virtual (adj) created by computer In the game players simulate

/ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl/ technology and appearing to real life in a virtual world.
exist but not existing in the
physical world / ẢO

frivolous (adjective) silly or unimportant / He loves frivolous hings like

/ˈfrɪvələs/ PHÙ PHIẾM designer bags and clothes.

internet sensation (collocation) someone that Justin Bieber was an Internet

/ˈɪntərˌnɛt sɛnˈseɪʃən/ causes excitement on the sensation before he became a
Internet / NGÔI SAO INTERNET regular pop star.

influencer (noun) someone who affects or Many influencers nowadays are

/ˈnnfluənsə(r)/ changes the way that other under 30 years old.
people behave, for example
through their use of social
media / NGƯỜI CÓ SỨC ẢNH
HƯỞNG LỚN

exert to use something such as Some managers exert

/ɪɡˈzɜːt/ authority, power, influence, etc. considerable pressure on their
in order to make something staff to work extra hours
happen / SỬ DỤNG without being paid.

fall victim (collocation) to be hurt, She fell victim to his sweet

/fɔlˈvɪktəm/ damaged, or killed because of words and gave him the
something or someone / TRỞ password to her bank account,
THÀNH NẠN NHÂN CỦA/BỞI which he used to withdraw all
of the money.

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

identity theft (collocation) the illegal use of Mrs. Jackson found out that she
/aɪˈdɛntəti θɛft/ another person's personal was a victim of identity
details, for example in order to theft when the bank called and
steal money from their bank checked about a large
account / ĂN CẮP DANH TÍNH withdrawal from her account
that she didn't know about.

scam (noun) an illegal plan for making There are many scams on the
/skæm/ money, especially one that Internet nowadays. Therefore,
involves tricking people / TRÒ it is always important to
LỪA ĐẢO, LỪA BỊP double-check all
advertisements.

safety measure (collocation) activities and
/ˈseɪfti ˈmɛʒər/ precautions are taken to
improve safety, i.e. reduce risk
related to human health/ BIỆN
PHÁP ĐẢM BẢO AN TOÀN
All parents need to think about
safety measures to protect their
children when it comes to using
the Internet.

giant (noun) a very successful and He was one of the

/ˈdʒaɪ.ənt/ powerful person or organization intellectual/political giants of
/ ÔNG LỚN this century.
The takeover battle is between
two of America's
industrial/retail giants (= large
companies).

consent (noun) permission or It is illegal to publish a person's

/kənˈsɛnt/ agreement / SỰ CHO PHÉP, personal information without
ĐỒNG Ý their consent .

impose (verb) to officially force a rule, A new tax was imposed on

/ɪmˈpoʊz/ tax, punishment, etc. to be Facebook shops.
obeyed or received / ÁP ĐẶT, ÁP
LÊN (DÙNG CHO THUỂ, HÌNH
PHẠT)

Task 2. [Listening & Vocabulary] Now listen again and fill in the blanks.

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

It has come to the attention of many that nowadays, online networking is replacing
direct communication. While this change has ____________________________________
connectivity, economic growth, and individual freedom, it has also brought about
chaos, ____________________________________ , and given rise to a wide variety of criminal
activities.

On the one hand, we need to ____________________________________ the many benefits of

____________________________________ networking sites. In the past, the Internet allowed
news outlets to reach their audiences around the world, but it is social media that,
for the first time in human history, has enabled meaningful, lively, and most
importantly, democratic global debates on all matters, ranging from serious issues
such as climate change, human rights, women's rights,
to ____________________________________ non-issues such as TV series endings, celebrities’
fashion. Another major development that these platforms have provided is the tools
for self-expression, self-discovery, and for some, even great financial rewards.
Through pieces of writing, photographs, clips, anyone with access to these sites can
find themselves the next ____________________________________
or ____________________________________.

On the other hand, we can hardly ignore the negative effects

that social media ____________________________________. On a large
scale, global dialogues can turn into global quarrels overnight due to
fake news and unchecked information sources. As for personal
relationships, due to the absence of non-verbal communication
such as eye contact, facial expressions and gestures,
misinterpretation of written texts can occur, leading to
unsolved conflicts. Worse than that, online shoppers
might also ____________________________________ to credit card
theft, ____________________________________ from hackers as
well as ____________________________________ as e-commerce still lacks
____________________________________ compared to traditional commerce. A recent
discovery about the activities of social media ____________________________________ has
caused even further concern: Facebook has been found to allow users' data to be
exploited without ____________________________________ by third parties for financial and

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

political gains. Without heavy penalties ____________________________________ on violations,

there is a real threat to users' privacy.

Personally, I think that social media do as much harm as they do good. As with many
other great inventions, they are here to stay, and whether they can bring about a
better world depends entirely on how we as governments, organizations and
individuals would make use of it.

Task 3. [Vocabulary] Choose the options (A - C) that best paraphrase the

BOLDED word or phrase in the statements.

Question 1. Of course we're competitive, but there's no personal _________ between

us.
A. animosity B. non-issue C. safeguard measure

Question 2. Due to the complex nature of social media, restrictions should be

_________ on user's age to prevent children from signing on.
A. influenced B. fell C. imposed

Question 3. Fashion, which was considered _________ in the past by most people, is
now the center of attention in the digital world.
A. non-issue
B. frivolous
C. horrendous

Question 4. An _________ is a person who has a social media account with

a huge number of followers.
A. animosity B. anonymous C. influencer

Question 5. _________ can happen to you if you post personal information such as
phone number or home address on social media.
A. Animosity B. Identity theft C. Consent

Question 6. Old people often _________ to online scams as they are not familiar with
the way the digital world works.

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

A. acknowledge B. fall victim C. impose

Question 7. We must _________ the benefits modern technology has brought us.
A. acknowledge B. acquire C. impose

Question 8. You need to make sure that unless a website or app asks for your
_________, the website or app is not allowed to use your data.
A. content B. sensation C. consent

Task 4. [Speaking] Choose one or more of the adjectives in the boxes to

complete the sentences about laptop computers.

essential – annoying – invasive – convenient – elastic – unsafe

What do think about laptop computers?

In my opinion, laptop computers are ...

connected – safe – harassed – worried – lonely – unhealthy

How do you feel when you use your laptop?

My laptop computer makes me feel ...

Task 5. [Brainstorming] Work in groups. Complete the disadvantages column

of the table below about the internet with the words and phrases in the box.
Then try to think of possible solutions.
illegal downloads - the danger of information overload - internet addiction - internet
fraud – health problems - cyberbullying

Advantages Disadvantages Viable solutions

1 feel less isolated;

easier to make
friends

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

2 Searching for
information is much
more convenient.
3 The convenience of
buying things and
making transactions
online
4 Provide hours of
entertainment
5 Music is more
accessible

Task 6. [Speaking] Answer these questions.

Question 1. How often do you use the internet?
Question 2. How important is the internet to you?
Question 3. What problems can the internet cause?
Question 4. What are your favourite websites? Why?
Question 5. How often do you chat with your friends?
Question 6. How will the internet develop in the future?

Task 7. [Writing] Complete these sentences based on the Table above.

1. The internet can help people feel less isolated and makes it easier to make
new friends. However, it can also result in
.
One possible solution to this is to
.

2. Although searching for information is much more convenient,

One way of dealing with this is to

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

CÁCH THÀNH LẬP CÂU

I. Các đơn vị ngữ pháp tiếng Anh

Từ (Word) - Cụm từ (Phrase) - Mệnh đề (Clause) – Câu (Sentence)

Word: technology
Phrase: the benefits of virtual networking sites
Clause: Although searching for information is much more convenient,
(Although/because S V => dependent clause)
Sentence: Although searching for information is much more convenient (S V), it can
result in the danger of information overload. (S V)

Task 8. Phân loại các từ/cụm/mệnh đề/câu sau

distance learning – slow on the uptake – hooked – I can’t make head nor tail
of something. – in leaps and bounds – take in – education – nuisance – gets on
my nerves – Because I’m a little slow on the uptake, – ace – I like reading.

Word:

Phrase: distance learning,

Clause:

Sentence:

II. Các loại câu

1. Câu trần thuật – statement (khẳng định – phủ định)
1.1. Câu đơn – simple sentence
Ví dụ: I am flying. / I hit him.
1.2. Câu ghép – compound sentence

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Ví dụ: I love her and she loves me.

F.A.N.B.O.Y.S
For and nor but or yet so
1.3. Câu phức – complex sentence
Ví dụ: 1 mệnh đề độc lập, 1 mệnh đề phụ thuộc
Although I love her, she doesn’t love me.
1.4. Câu phức ghép – compound complex sentence
Ví dụ:
I love her, but she who is a pretty girl doesn’t love me.

2. Câu hỏi – question

2.1. Yes-No question
Ví dụ: Do you love me?
2.2. Wh-word question
Ví dụ: How do you go to school?

3. Câu cầu khiến – imperative sentence

Ví dụ: Sit down! =/= Don’t sit down
4. Câu cảm thán – exclamatory sentence
Ví dụ: What a beautiful girl! How beautiful the girl is!

III. Thành phần câu

3.1. Các thành phần chính

My laptop crashes.

S V
Verb tense
Subject-Verb agreement

Task 9. Trả lời các câu hỏi sau.

Question 1. Is this a complete sentence?

Question 2. If yes, what is its subject?
Question 3. If yes, what is its verb?
Question 4. If no, what parts does it lack?

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Task 10. Dựa vào lời giải thích của giáo viên và Bảng phía trên, hoàn thành các
quy tắc sau đây.
• Trong câu trần thuật, chủ ngữ luôn đứng ____________________ động từ.
• Chủ ngữ liên kết với động từ thông qua các yếu tố sau đây:
1. ____________________ của động từ
2. _________________________________ và động từ

3.2. Các thành phần phụ

Ngoài subject và verb, trong một câu còn ______________________________ có: Object,
Complement, Adverbial

• Object – Tân ngữ

I crash my laptop.

S V O
Verb tense
Subject-Verb agreement
Tân ngữ là người/vật/đối tượng chịu tác động của chủ ngữ
Tân ngữ luôn đứng sau động từ.
E.g.
I use my phone every day.
Lucy is surfing the internet now.
• Complement – Bổ ngữ
Bổ ngữ là thành phần bổ sung thông tin cho các phần khác trong câu: chủ ngữ, động
từ và tân ngữ.
Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ

My laptop is very expensive.

The internet has become extremely popular.

S V Complement
Bổ ngữ cho động từ

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

I want to buy a new laptop.

My mom allows buying a new laptop.

My mom allows me to buy a new

laptop.

My mom says that buying a new

laptop is a waste of
money.

S V Complement
Bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ

I find his laptop really fantastic.

Using this old phone makes me angry.

S V+O Completment

• Adverbial – Trạng ngữ

1) Thời gian: in the afternoon, at night, in 2023
2) Địa điểm: in Ho Chi Minh City, in the UK, here, there, everywhere
3) Mục đích: to study, to work, in order to meet new friends
4) Tần suất: regularly, on a regular basis, daily, monthy, yearly
5) Cách thức: well, in a good way, exceptionally, in an exceptional way
6) Mức độ: remarkably, slightly, gradually

Task 11. Xác định các thành phần trong các câu sau.
Sentence 1. She cried in her house.

Sentence 2. Sally and John bought this laptop.

Sentence 3. He makes me sick.

IV. Động từ

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Task 12. Đọc những câu dưới đây và trả lời câu hỏi sau.
1. I travelled to England.
2. Lord Harry owns a very big house.
3. She used to be a rich woman.
4. He was exhausted after a long day.

Câu hỏi 1. Câu nào phía trên đang miêu tả hành động của chủ thể?

Câu hỏi 2. Câu nào phía trên đang miêu tả trạng thái của chủ thể?

Các loại động từ

Loại động từ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ

Ngoại động từ Hành động có tác động lên

tân ngữ

Nội động từ Hành động không tác động

lên đối tượng khác

Động từ to be Miêu tả trạng thái, tính chất,

cảm xúc
→ Dùng với nghĩa “thì, là, ở…”

Trợ động từ Kết hợp với động từ chính để

hình thành câu hỏi hoặc câu
phủ định

Động từ khuyết Động từ này luôn có một

thiếu động từ khác ở thể nguyên
mẫu theo sau

V. Thì của động từ

CÁC THÌ HAY ĐƯỢC SỬ DỤNG TRONG IELTS WRITING VÀ SPEAKING

Task 13. Viết "C" (correct) cho các câu đúng hoặc "I" (incorrect) cho các câu sai.
1. ___________ He is thinking that the test is easy.
2. ___________ Rich nations are now reforesting about 20,000 square kilometres a
year.
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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

3. ___________ Does the main drive behind climate change the increasing amount
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
4. ___________ Our natural resources are disappearing at an alarming rate.
5. ___________ 800 million people across the globe had been malnourished so far.
6. ___________ That was the first time the US has pumped out a quarter of the
world's CO2 emissions.
7. ___________ He comes when I were watching TV.
8. ___________ After heated conflicts with his teammates, Steve decided not to
listen to anybody’s ideas. He is being arrogant.
9. ___________ Who is sounding a warning about an environmental catastrophe?
10. ___________ He was always ringing me up.

• Thì hiện tại đơn

The equator divides the Earth around the center.
Susan get up at 8 o'clock every morning.
Smoking causes cancer.

Task 14. [Speaking] Answer these questions using your ideas.

Question 1. What do you usually do in the morning?
When I get up, I usually prepare for school. However, at the weekends, I always visit
my best friend’s house.
Question 2. How do you go to school?
As an independent student, I go to school by bike.

• Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

I am studying Maths now.
Max is coming tomorrow.
We're English, but we're living in Ho Chi Minh City until next September.
He is constantly losing his keys.

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Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

Task 15. [Speaking] Answer these questions using your ideas.

What are you doing at the weekend?
Who often annoys you? Why?

Task 16. Look at the statements from some students in a speaking exam. Which
student, a or b, uses the correct language?
1. A: My family is having five people.
B: There are five people in my family.
2. A: I go to English school twice a week.
B: I'm going to English school two times a week.
3. A: I'm not watching TV every morning.
B: I don't watch TV every morning.

• Hiện tại hoàn thành

I've just seen a ghost.
Recently, Mr. Chi Chau KYS and his family have visited Hanoi.
I have lived in Vietnam since 2000/ for 21 years.
I have watched this movie twice.

• Quá khứ đơn

Tim went to Hanoi last summer.
When I was young, I often went fishing.
My grandfather often drank a glass of milk before bedtime when he was alive.
He often visited his old teacher at weekends.
In those days, I didn't like reading.

• Tương lai đơn

I think you will need to arrive a bit earlier.
I'll hand in the assignment tomorrow.
Get out, or I'll call the police.
John: There's someone outside. - Dang: Oh, I will open the door.

Học tiếng Anh cùng Thầy Chí Châu l 16

Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

Task 17. [Writing Task 1] Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the
correct forms of the words in brackets.

The Average Time Spent on Social Media from 2016 to 2020

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Twitter Facebook Instagram

The bar chart (give) _________________ information about the amount of time that
people (spend) ________________ on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram from 2016 to
2020.
In 2016, people on Twitter (spent) _______________ more than 20 minutes a day (use)
______________ the app. The duration gradually (increase) ________________ until it
(reach) _________________ its peak at the end of the period.

As for Facebook, it (be) ________________ a social media platform with (long)

__________________ duration (spend) _______________ by its users. However, the number
(experience) ________________ a plummet in 2017, and kept (experience)
____________________ a slight decline from that point on.

In 2016, Instgram (have) ________________ the second (long) ______________ duration of

roughly 23 minutes a day, which (follow) ________________ by a fluctuation until the
final year.

Task 18. There are some mistakes in the essay above. Work in pairs and try to
find them.

Học tiếng Anh cùng Thầy Chí Châu l 17

Vocabulary and Grammar for IELTS Lesson 1

Học tiếng Anh cùng Thầy Chí Châu l 18