5 pages every other time – 15 pages to finish today.

Q1)
a) Endemic means populated in a specific area

Q3)
a) Phenotype is the expressed characteristics of an organism influenced by the
genotype and environment of the organism.
b) i) Genotype
ii) D
c) i)B
ii) 200% bigger
total: 3/ 6
Q4)
a) B,
b) RER packages the proteins received by ribosomes and classifies them through
differentiation. the classification of hemoglobin from pluripotent cells is synthesized
in the RER
Role of RER in synthesis of hemoglobin:
- Ribosomes involved in translation resulting in two different polypeptides
- ER involved in folding each polypeptide into tertiary structure
- ER Involved in transporting each polypeptide

c) I) The Y Polypeptide decreases from a maximum of 40% in blood of fetus to almost

zero after birth. The polypeptide B is very scarce in fetus blood, grows slowly in
pregnancy and increases quickly after birth. The polypeptide A increases as the fetus
grows up until 50% and after birth satays constant. 1/3
ii) epigenetic modification could alter the genes expressed in the individual. The
genes coding for the polypeptide A,B AND Y can be altered to either be inactive or
active in the individual
- Gene for A polypeptide remains switched on as this polypeptide is present both
before and after birth
- Gene for Y polypeptide is switched of at bitch so levels fall
- Gene for b polypeptide is switched on during pregnancy so levels rise
- Epigenetic modification: methylation of DNA
total: 2/ 11
Q5)
a) B, cytoplasm identifies yeast as a eukaryotic organism
b) Light microscope has low resolution, whereas electron microscope has high
resolution. Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two different points that
can’t be seen from the naked eye. With high resolution electron microscope can
distinguish between the two point as the structure J IS VERY SMALL. 2 /2
c) The nuclear envelope consists of less dense material, the electron microscope sends
electron through the cell, the nuclear envelope did not absorb these electrons as
they are not so dense.
Nuclear membrane could not be seen because two membranes are very close
together and resolution of microscope Is not high enough.
 d) I) mitosis is the division of a parent cells into two identical daughter cells. The
process of budding requires the splitting of the cytoplasm, in mitosis’s last stage
Telophase, the cytoplasm starts to divide as the new nuclear membrane around the
nucleolus reforms. 1/3 each bud consists of two nucleus and each bus contains a full
set of chromosomes. .
ii) the oxygen and nutrients are needed for growth, as the bud separates into two
new bodies, it will need nutrients and oxygen for growth and to prepare for the next
stage of mitosis. The less the nutrients and oxygen available the slower the rate of
growth hence the slower rate of budding. 1/3
total:4 /11