Business Law

eëmvq AvBb
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
†Kvm© †KvW BBS 2506

eëmvq AvBb
weweGm †cÖvMªvg
iPbvq
cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt †gvkviid †nv‡mb
cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avjxb~i ingvb
m¤úv`K
cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avjxb~i ingvb
W. †gvt Av‡k©` Avjx gvZzeŸi
†Kvm© mgb¦qKvix
W. †gvt Av‡k©` Avjx gvZzeŸi
eëmvq AvBb
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
BUSINESS LAW
BBS PROGRAMME
I‡cb ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi-1705|
cÖKvk Kvj
†g t 2008
cÖ”Q`
KvRx mvBdzÏxb AveŸvm
Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úvR Ges †W¯‹Uc cÖ‡mwms

†gvt wmwÏKzj Bmjvg
KvRx †gvÏv‡”Qiyj nK
cÖ”Q` MÖvwd·
Avãyj gv‡jK
cÖKvkbvq
cÖKvkbv, gy`ªY I weZiY wefvM
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi-1705|
© I‡cb ¯‹zj, evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
g~`ªY
weR‡bm wcÖw›Us GÛ c¨v‡KwRs
7 cÙ wbwa †jb
XvKv-1100|
BUSINESS LAW A 5 credit course book for the BBS Programme. Written by Professor Dr. Md. Mosharraf Hossain,
Professor Dr. Md. Alinoor Rahman. Course Co-ordinator : Dr. Arshed Ali Matubbar. This book has been published
by the recommendation of a referee who reviewed the book anonymously.
ISBN 984-34-3005-6
m~wPcÎ
BDwbU GK t Pyw³ AvBb 1-64
cvV 1 t Pyw³ I Gi êwkó¨ .......................................................................... 2
cvV 2 t cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ ............................................................................ 5
cvV 3 t cÖwZ`vb ....................................................................................... 12
cvV 4 t Pyw³ I m¤§wZi †kªYxwefvM ............................................................... 18
cvV 5 t Pyw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv................................................................... 24
cvV 6 t ¯^vaxb mvq / m¤§wZ ......................................................................... 28
cvV 7 t D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`v‡bi êaZv ............................................................. 39
cvV 8 t Pyw³ cvjb.................................................................................... 44
cvV 9 t Pyw³i cwimgvwß ev Ae¨vnwZ ............................................................. 49
cvV 10 t Pyw³ f½ ...................................................................................... 57
BDwbU `yB t gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb-1936 65-74
cvV 1 t gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi cwiwa, KwZcq msÁv, gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai `vq, gRywi
cwi‡kv‡ai †gqv` .......................................................................... 66
cvV 2 t gRywi †_‡K KZ©b, Avcxj, wb‡qvwRZ KZ©„c‡¶i ¶gZv, gvwj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K
UvKv Av`vq I GB AvBb Abyhvqx kvw¯Í ................................................ 69
BDwbU wZb t KviLvbv AvBb-1965 75-112
cvV 1 t cÖv_wgK welqvejx .......................................................................... 76
cvV 2 t KviLvbv cÖavb cwi`k©K, cwi`k©K I mvwU©wd‡KU `vbKvix mvR©b ................. 80
cvV 3 t ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v eë¯’v ............................................................................ 83
cvV 4 t wbivcËv ...................................................................................... 87
cvV 5 t kªwgK‡ì Kj¨vYg~jK eë¯’v ............................................................ 93
cvV 6 t cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì Kv‡Ri NÈv ................................................................ 95
cvV 7 t gRywimn QywU I eÜ ........................................................................ 102
cvV 8 t we‡kl weavbmg~n .......................................................................... 104
cvV 9 t `Û I Kvh©wewa, Avcxj I Kj¨vY Awdmvi ........................................... 107
BDwbU Pvi t wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k-1969 113-142
cvV 1 t msÁvmg~n I †UªW BDwbqb ................................................................ 114
cvV 2 t †iwR÷ªvi, Amr kªg AvPiY I wbewÜZ †UªW BDwbqb myweav ...................... 120
cvV 3 t †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j ev wmweG................................................ 124
cvV 4 t †hŠ_ Av‡jvPbv, mvwjkx I ga¨¯ÍZv .................................................... 128
cvV 5 t ag©NU I Zvjve× ........................................................................... 131
cvV 6 t kªg Av`vjZ, kªg Avcxj UªvBeybvj, `Û I Kvh©wewa.................................. 136
cvV 7 t wkí we‡iv‡ai wb®úwË, `Û I Kvh©wewa ................................................. 139
BDwbU cuvP t kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb-1923 143-160
cvV 1 t wk‡ivbvg, AvIZv, Avi¤¢ I msÁvmg~n ................................................. 144
cvV 2 t ¶wZc~iY m¤úwK©Z wewagvjv ............................................................. 149
cvV 3 t kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v, gvwjK‡ì w`Dwjqv Ae¯’v, Rvnv‡Ri bvweK I gv÷v‡ii
Rb¨ we‡kl weavbvejx ..................................................................... 155
cvV 4 t Kwgkbvi ..................................................................................... 158
BDwbU Qq t kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb-1965 161-179
cvV 1 t AvIZv KwZcq msÁv I kªwgK‡ì †kªYxwefvM ....................................... 162
cvV 2 t QywU I AeKvk, KvR eÜ ivLv I †j-Ad .............................................. 167
cvV 3 t PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY, eiLv¯Í I PvKwii Aemvb .................................... 171
cvV 4 t AvevwmK M„n †_‡K D‡”Q`, Awf‡hv‡Mi c×wZ Ges kvw¯Í I Zvi c×wZ ........ 176
bgybv cÖkœ t 180
BDwbU
1
Pzw³ AvBb
Law of Contract
f~wgKv
Pzw³ GKwU AwZ cÖvPxb mvgvwRK eë¯’v| mgvRe×fv‡e emev‡mi mgq †_‡KB Pzw³i DrcwË I weKvk|
1872 mv‡j e„wUkiv me©cÖ_g cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Pzw³ AvBb cvm K‡ib| †`k ¯^vax‡bi ci 1972
mv‡ji 1g cvj©v‡g‡›U ÒcyivZb AvBb envj Aa¨v‡`kÓ Gi gva¨‡g Pzw³ AvBb‡K envj Kiv nq Ges 1jv
†m‡Þ¤î 1972 mvj †_‡K G‡`‡k Pzw³ AvBbwU Kvh©Ki Kiv nq|
GB BDwb‡U Pzw³ AvB‡bi msÁv, Pzw³i êwkó¨, cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ, cÖwZ`vb, Pzw³i †kªYx web¨vm, ¯^vaxb mvq,
D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`v‡bi êaZv, Pzw³ cvjb, Pzw³i cwimgvwß Ges Pzw³ f‡½i cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Pzw³ I Gi êwkó¨
(Contract and its Characteristics)
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb -
Pzw³i msÁv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Pzw³i Acwinvh© êwkó¨mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
ÔmKj Pzw³B m¤§wZ wKš‘ mKj m¤§wZ Pzw³ bq-wKbv eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
Pzw³ (Contract) t m¤§wZ †_‡KB Pzw³i DrcwË n‡q _v‡K| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb †Kvb Kvh©
Kiv ev Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi e¨vcv‡i GKgZ ev m¤§Z n‡Z cv‡i, AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ Giƒc
m¤§wZB Pzw³| Pzw³i KÕwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msÁv n‡jv t
1. evsjv‡`‡k ejer†hvM¨ Pyw³ AvB‡bi 2(R) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ m¤§wZ‡K
Pzw³ e‡j| (‘An agreement enforceable by law is a contract’ (Sec 2(H), Contract Act.
1872)
2. Frederik Pollock Gi g‡Z AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU m¤§wZ I cÖwZkÖywZ‡K Pzw³ e‡j|
(‘Every agreement and promise enforceable at law is a contract’.)
3. Salmond Gi g‡Z wewfbœ c‡¶i g‡a¨ `vq m„wó Ges wbw`©ó K‡i †h m¤§wZ mvwaZ nq Zv‡K Pzw³
e‡j| (‘A Contract is an agreement creating and defining obligations between the
parties.’)
Dc‡ii msÁv¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv K‡i ejv hvq †h Pzw³i ‡gŠwjK ‰ewkó¨ 2wU :-
1. GKwU m¤§wZ _vK‡e (One agreement); Ges
2. m¤§wZwU AvBb Øviv ejer†hvM¨ n‡e (It is enforceable by law)|
‡hgb ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K Lvev‡i wbgš¿Y Ki‡jv Ges ÔLÕ ivRx n‡j| myZivs GUv cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZ| wKš‘ ÔLÕ
wbgš¿Y i¶v bv Ki‡j ÔKÕ Zvi weiy‡× Av`vj‡Z gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| KviY GUv mvgvwRK e¨vcvi|
Av`vjZ Zv‡Z n¯—‡¶c Ki‡e bv| AZGe Lvevi wbgš¿Y m¤§wZ n‡jI Pzw³ bq|
Aciw`‡K, ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K Zvi evoxwU 50 j¶ UvKvq µ‡qi cÖ¯Íve w`j Ges ÔLÕ ivRx n‡jv| GUv cvi¯úwiK
m¤§wZ Ges Gi Øviv ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ `vq m„wó n‡q‡Q| AZGe, †h m¤§wZ ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ `vq m„wó K‡i
Ges hv GKc¶ cvj‡b e¨_© n‡j Aci c¶ Av`vj‡Z ¶wZc~i‡Yi gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i ‡mUvB Pzw³|
myZivs GKwU Pzw³, m¤§wZ I `vq -GB `yB aviYvi Ac~e© wgj‡b msNwUZ nq|
Pzw³i êwkó¨ (Characteristics of Contract)

Pzw³i Avek¨Kxq êwkó¨ (Essential elements of contract)- Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2(R) aviv g‡Z AvB‡bi
mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ m¤§wZ‡K Pzw³ e‡j| Pzw³‡Z m¤§wZ Ges Zv AvBb Øviv ejer †hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e| m¤§wZ
AvBb Øviv ejer†hvM¨ n‡Z n‡j Zv‡Z wKQz Avek¨Kxq Dcv`v‡bi Dcw¯’wZ cÖ‡qvRb, hv wbgœiƒc :-
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 2
eëmvq AvBb
1. GKvwaK c¶ (Plurality of Member)

2. cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ (Offer & Acceptance)
3. AvBbMZ m¤úK© (Legal Relationship)
4. AvBbMZ cÖwZ`vb (Lawful Consideration)
5. Pzw³ m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv (Capacity to Contract)
6. ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ (Free Consent)
7. D‡Ï‡kï êaZv (Legality of the object)
8. wbw`©óZv (Certainty)
9. m¤úv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv (Possibility of Performance)
10. wjwLZ I wbewÜZ (Written & Registered)
1. GKvwaK c¶ (Plurality of Member) t Pzw³‡Z GKvwaK c¶ _vK‡Z n‡e| wb‡R wb‡R KL‡bv
Pzw³ nq bv| †hgb - µq-weµ‡qi Pzw³‡Z GKc¶ †µZv I Acic¶ we‡µZv|
2. cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ (Offer & Acceptance) t Pzw³i g~j Dcv`vb cÖ¯Íve cÖ`vb Ges ¯^xK…wZ| Pzw³‡Z
GK c¶ cÖ¯—ve Ki‡e Ges Aci c¶ ¯^xK…wZ †`‡e| GK c‡¶i cÖ¯Ív‡e Aci c¶ m¤§wZ w`‡jB Zv
Pzw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| G Rb¨ cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ AvBbm½Z n‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, evsjv‡`‡k Kvh©Kix Pzw³
AvB‡bi ewY©Z weavb Abyhvqx cÖ¯Íve Dc¯’vcb Ges ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb n‡Z n‡e|
3. AvBbMZ m¤úK© (Legal Relationship) t Pzw³ Øviv Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ AvBbMZ m¤úK© m„wói B‡”Q
_vK‡Z n‡e| wbgš¿Y, ågY, wm‡bgv †`Lvi m¤§wZ‡Z AvBbMZ m¤úK© m„wó nq bv Ges Giƒc m¤§wZ
f‡½i Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z nq bv| wKš‘ cY¨ µq-weµ‡qi m¤§wZ ev weev‡ni m¤§wZ n‡jv êa Pzw³
Ges Gi Øviv AvBbMZ m¤ú‡K©i m„wó nq| †hgb - †µZv-we‡µZv, ¯^vgx-¯¿x| G‡¶‡Î ‡Kvb c¶
m¤§wZ f½ Ki‡j ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z nq|
4. AvBbMZ cÖwZ`vb (Lawful Consideration) t Pzw³ Øviv Dfq c¶‡K ci¯ú‡ii wbKU ‡_‡K wKQz
†c‡Z Ges wKQz w`‡Z n‡e| wKQz †c‡Z wM‡q wKQz †`qv‡K ev wKQz w`‡q wKQz cvIqv‡K cÖwZ`vb e‡j|
cÖwZ`vb Qvov Pzw³ nq bv| cÖwZ`vb AvBbm½Z nIqv PvB| Bnv eZ©gvb, AZxZ, fwel¨Z n‡Z cv‡i|
5. Pzw³ m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv (Capacity to Contract) t Pzw³e× c¶mg~‡ni Zv m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv
_vK‡Z n‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 11 aviv g‡Z - mvevjK I my¯’ Ges AvBb KZ©„K A‡hvM¨ we‡ewPZ bq
Ggb mK‡jB Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨| bvevjK, cvMj Ges †`Dwjqv e¨w³ Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A‡hvM¨|
6. ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ (Free Consent) t Pzw³i Rb¨ cÖ`Ë cÖwZkÖywZ Aek¨B ¯^vaxb n‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡b 14
aviv g‡Z - †Kvb m¤§wZ ej cÖ‡qvM, AbywPZ cÖfve, wg_¨v eY©bv, cÖZviYv ev fy‡ji ekeZ©x bv n‡q
cÖ`Ë n‡j Zv‡K ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ e‡j| ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ bv _vK‡j Pzw³ evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e|
7. D‡Ï‡kï êaZv (Legality of the object) t Pzw³i D‡Ïk¨ Aek¨B ‰ea n‡e| A‰ea, bxwZ I
Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ`Ë m¤§wZ Øviv Pzw³ n‡e bv| D‡Ïk¨ A‰ea Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨| †hgb -
A‰ea, bxwZ I Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ`Ë m¤§wZ êa bq| ZvB A‰ea e‡j cÖ`Ë m¤§wZ Pzw³
wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv|
8. wbw`©óZv (Certainty) t Pzw³i welqe¯‘ Aek¨B mywbw`©ó n‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 29 aviv g‡Z m¤§wZ
wbw`©ó Kiv bv n‡j Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ nq| ¯úó eySv bv †M‡j ev wbw`©ó Kiv bv †M‡j H m¤§wZ
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 3
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| †hgb - (1) GK N‡ii 1000 e¯Ívi K‡qK e¯Ív wewµi m¤§wZ; Ges (2) Kvh©
†k‡l wKQz UvKv †èvi m¤§wZ| G¸‡jv mywbw`©ó bq e‡j evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
9. m¤úv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv (Possibility of Performance) t Pzw³i welqe¯‘ cvjb‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e| cvjb
Am¤¢e Kv‡h©i m¤§wZ Pzw³ bq| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 56 aviv g‡Z Am¤¢e Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Pzw³ evwZj e‡j
MY¨ nq| †hgb- (1) UvKvi wewbg‡q RxweZ‡K g„Zy¨/g„Zy¨‡K RxweZ Kiv; ev (2) Puv‡` wb‡q hvevi
Pzw³| G¸‡jv m¤úv`b Am¤¢e e‡j Pzw³ bq|
10. wjwLZ I wbewÜZ (Written & Registered) t Pzw³ e¨³ ev Ae¨³ n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †¶Î
we‡k‡l wjwLZ A_ev wjwLZ I wbewÜZ n‡Z cv‡i| hw` kZ© _v‡K †h wjwLZ ev wjwLZ I wbewÜZ n‡e
Z‡e, Zv bv n‡j ejer†hvM¨ n‡e bv| †hgb - Rwg wewµi Pzw³, wjwLZ I wbewÜZ n‡e|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avcwb wbðqB eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb †h, Pzw³i †¶‡Î ïay cÖ¯Íve I m¤§wZB h‡_ó bq|
cÖ¯Íve I m¤§wZi mv‡_ GmKj Dcv`v‡bi GKwÎZ Dcw¯’wZ _vKv Pzw³i Rb¨ Acwinvh©| Ab¨_vq AvB‡bi
mvnv‡h¨ ejer‡hvM¨ Kiv hvq bv|
(1) mKj Pzw³B m¤§wZ wKš‘ mKj m¤§wZ Pzw³ bq - e¨vL¨v Kiyb| (All contracts are agreement,
but all agreements are not contracts - Explain.)
(2) AvB‡bi Øviv ejer‡hvM¨ m¤§wZB Pzw³ - e¨vL¨v Kiyb| (A contract is an agreement
enforecable by law - Explain.)
DËi t
mnR K_vq `yB c‡¶i cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZ‡K Pzw³ ejv nq| wKš‘ Pzw³ AvB‡b Bnv‡K Pzw³ e‡j MY¨ Kiv hvq
bv| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 (R) Abyhvqx AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ m¤§wZ‡K Pzw³| Frederik Pollock -Gi
g‡Z AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU m¤§wZ I cÖwZkÖywZ‡K Pzw³ e‡j| †Kvb m¤§wZ AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨
ejer†hvM¨ n‡Z n‡j Zv‡Z Pzw³ AvB‡b ewY©Z Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Dcw¯’wZ Avek¨K| h_v t
1. GKvwaK c¶ (Plurality of Member) t Pzw³‡Z GKvwaK c¶ _vK‡Z n‡e| wb‡R wb‡R KL‡bv
Pzw³ nq bv| †hgb - µq-weµ‡qi Pzw³‡Z GKc¶ †µZv I Aci c¶ we‡µZv|
2. cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ (Offer & Acceptance) t Pzw³i g~j Dcv`vb cÖ¯Íve cÖ`vb Ges ¯^xK…wZ| Pzw³‡Z
GK c¶ cÖ¯Íve Ki‡e Ges Aci c¶ ¯^xK…wZ †`‡e| GK c‡¶i cÖ¯Ív‡e Aci c¶ m¤§wZ w`‡jB Zv
Pzw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| G Rb¨ cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ AvBbm½Z n‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, evsjv‡`‡k Kvh©Ki Pzw³
AvB‡bi ewY©Z weavb Abyhvqx cÖ¯Íve Dc¯’vcb Ges ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb n‡Z n‡e|
3. AvBbMZ m¤úK© (Legal Relationship) t Pzw³ Øviv Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ AvBbMZ m¤úK© m„wói B‡”Q
_vK‡Z n‡e| wbgš¿Y, ågY, wm‡bgv †`Lvi m¤§wZ‡Z AvBbMZ m¤úK© m„wó nq bv Ges Giƒc m¤§wZ
f‡½i Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z nq bv| wKš‘ cY¨ µq-weµ‡qi m¤§wZ ev weev‡ni m¤§wZ n‡jv êa Pzw³
Ges Gi Øviv AvBbMZ m¤ú‡K©i m„wó nq| †hgb - †µZv-we‡µZv, ¯^vgx-¯¿x| G‡¶‡Î ‡Kvb c¶
m¤§wZ f½ Ki‡j ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z nq|
4. AvBbMZ cÖwZ`vb (Lawful Consideration) t Pzw³ Øviv Dfq c¶‡K ci¯ú‡ii wbKU ‡_‡K wKQz
†c‡Z Ges wKQz w`‡Z n‡e| wKQz †c‡Z wM‡q wKQz †`qv‡K ev wKQz w`‡q wKQz cvIqv‡K cÖwZ`vb e‡j|
cÖwZ`vb Qvov Pzw³ nq bv| cÖwZ`vb AvBbm½Z nIqv PvB| Bnv eZ©gvb, AZxZ, fwel¨r n‡Z cv‡i|
5. Pzw³ m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv (Capacity to Contract) t Pzw³e× c¶mg~‡ni Zv m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv
_vK‡Z n‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 11 aviv g‡Z - mvevjK I my¯’ Ges AvBb KZ©„K A‡hvM¨ we‡ewPZ bq
Ggb mK‡jB Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨| bvevjK, cvMj Ges †`Dwjqv Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A‡hvM¨|
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 4
eëmvq AvBb
6. ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ (Free Consent) t Pzw³i Rb¨ cÖ`Ë cÖwZkÖywZ Aek¨B ¯^vaxb n‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡b 14
aviv g‡Z - †Kvb m¤§wZ ej cÖ‡qvM, AbywPZ cÖfve, wg_¨v eY©bv, cÖZviYv ev fy‡ji ekeZ©x bv n‡q
cÖ`Ë n‡j Zv‡K ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ e‡j| ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ bv _vK‡j Pzw³ evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e|
7. D‡Ï‡kï êaZv (Legality of the object) t Pzw³i D‡Ïk¨ Aek¨B ‰ea n‡e| A‰ea bxwZ I
Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ`Ë m¤§wZ Øviv Pzw³ n‡e bv| D‡Ïk¨ A‰ea Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨| †hgb -
A‰ea, bxwZ I Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ`Ë m¤§wZ êa bq| ZvB A‰ea e‡j cÖ`Ë m¤§wZ Pzw³
wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv|
8. wbw`©óZv (Certainty) t Pzw³i welqe¯‘ Aek¨B mywbw`©ó n‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 29 aviv g‡Z m¤§wZ
wbw`©ó K‡i bv n‡j Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ nq| ¯úó eySv bv †M‡j ev wbw`©ó Kiv bv †M‡j H m¤§wZ
evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| †hgb - (1) GK N‡ii 1000 e¯Ívi K‡qK e¯Ív wewµi m¤§wZ; Ges (2) Kvh©
†k‡l wKQz UvKv †èvi m¤§wZ| G¸‡jv mywbw`©ó bq e‡j evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
9. m¤úv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv (Possibility of Performance) t Pzw³i welqe¯‘ cvjb‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e| cvjb
Am¤¢e Kv‡h©i m¤§wZ Pzw³ bq| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 56 aviv g‡Z Am¤¢e Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Pzw³ evwZj e‡j
MY¨ nq| †hgb- (1) UvKvi wewbg‡q RxweZ‡K g„Zy¨/g„Zy¨‡K RxweZ Kiv; ev (2) Puv‡` wb‡q hvevi
Pzw³| G¸‡jv m¤úv`b Am¤¢e e‡j Pzw³ bq|
10. wjwLZ I wbewÜZ (Written & Registered) t Pzw³ e¨³ ev Ae¨³ n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †¶Î
we‡k‡l wjwLZ A_ev wjwLZ I wbewÜZ n‡Z cv‡i| hw` kZ© _v‡K †h Pzw&³ wjwLZ ev wjwLZ I wbewÜZ
n‡e Z‡e, Zv bv n‡j ejer†hvM¨ n‡e bv| †hgb - Rwg wewµi Pzw³, wjwLZ I wbewÜZ n‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
m¤§wZ †_‡KB nq Pzw³| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb †Kvb KvR Kiv ev Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Rb¨
m¤§Z n‡j Ges Zv AvB‡bi Øviv ejer‡hvM¨ n‡jB Pzw³ e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Pzw³i †gŠwjK êwkó¨ `yÕwU h_v-
K. GKwU m¤§wZ _vK‡e Ges
L. m¤§wZwU AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer‡hvM¨ n‡e|
Pzw³ êwkó¨vejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-
GKvwaK c¶, cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ, AvBbMZ m¤úK©, AvBbMZ cÖwZ`vb, Pzw³ m¤úv`b‡hvM¨Zv, ¯^vaxbZv|
D‡Ï‡kï êaZv, wbw`©óZv, m¤úv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv, wjwLZ I wbewÜZ| m¤§wZ †_‡KB Pzw³ DrcwË nq| ZvB
†Kvb m¤§wZ‡K AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer Ki‡Z †M‡j Zv‡Z Pzw³ AvBb ewY©Z Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Dcw¯’wZ AwZ
Avek¨K| Ab¨_vq Zv Pzw³ n‡e bv| GRb¨B ejv nq mKj Pzw³B m¤§wZ, wKš‘ mKj m¤§wZB Pzw³ bq|
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 5
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ (Offer & Acceptance)
D‡Ïk¨
cÖ¯Íve Gi msÁv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
cÖ¯Íve m¤ú„³ wbqgvejx eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
¯^xK…wZi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
¯^xK…wZi wbqgvejx eySv‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnv‡ii cš’v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖ¯Íve (Offer) t Pzw³i cÖ_g Acwinvh© Dcv`vb nj cÖ¯Íve | cÖ¯Ív‡ei Av‡jv‡KB ¯^xK…wZ/m¤§wZ cvIqv
hvq| 1872 mv‡ji Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2(K) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q- m¤§wZ cvevi D‡Ï‡k¨ hLb GKRb e¨w³ Aci
e¨w³i wbKU †Kvb KvR Kiv ev Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi B‡”Q cÖKvk K‡i, ZLb ejv nq cÖ_g e¨w³ wØZxq
e¨w³i wbKU GKwU cÖ¯—ve K‡i‡Q|
†hgb - ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K ej‡jv Avgvi MvoxwU 4 jvL UvKvq wKb‡Z cv‡iv| GUv ÔLÕ Gi wbKU ÔKÕ Gi cÖ¯Íve |
GLv‡b ÔKÕ cÖ¯ÍveKvix (Offeror) ev cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv (Promisor)| ÔLÕ cÖ¯ÍveMÖnxZv (Offeree) ev
cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv (Promisee)| hw` ÔLÕ 4 jvL UvKvq Mvox wKb‡Z ivRx nq Z‡e †m n‡e cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv ev
¯^xK…wZ`vZv (Acceptor)| hvi wbKU cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq; wZwb Zv‡Z m¤§wZ w`‡j cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ nq| cÖ¯Íve
M„nxZ n‡j Zv‡K cÖwZkÖywZ e‡j [2(L) aviv]|
cÖ¯Íve m¤ú„³ wbqgvejx (Rules regarding offer) t Ac‡ii m¤§wZ cvevi Avkvq cÖ¯Íve †ck Kiv nq|
ZvB cÖ¯Íve Aek¨B wbqg Abyhvqx n‡e| Pzw³ AvBb Abyhvqx cÖ¯Íve m¤ú„³ wbqgvejx wbgœiƒc :
1. cÖ¯Íve e¨³ ev Ae¨³ DfqB n‡Z cv‡i (Proposal can be both expressed or implied) t
cÖ¯Íve e e¨³ ev Ae¨³ `yB fv‡eB Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| h_v t-
K) e¨³ cÖ¯Íve t wjwLZ ev †gŠwLK K_v ev fvlvi mvnv‡h¨ †h cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq Zv‡K e¨³ cÖ¯Íve e‡j|
†hgb- mv¶vrKvi, †Uwj‡dvb, wPwV, weÁvcb BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g cÖ¯Íve e¨³ Kiv hvq|
L) Ae¨³ ev aviYvg~jK cÖ¯Íve t AvPvi-AvPiY ev nve fv‡ei Øviv cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡j, Zv‡K Ae¨³ ev
aviYvg~jK cÖ¯Íve ejv nq|
2. cÖ¯Íve †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³, wbw`©ó †kªYx ev me© mvavi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv hvq (Offer can be made for
perticular person, class or people at large) t cÖ¯Íve wbw`©ó e¨w³, wbw`©ó †kªYx ev
me©mvavi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †ck Kiv hvq| †hgb -
K. wbw`©ó e¨w³ t 'A' 'B'-†K ej‡jv Avgvi evwowU 5 jvL UvKvq wKb‡e? GwU wbw`©ó e¨w³i wbKU
cÖ¯Íve|
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 6
eëmvq AvBb
L. wbw`©ó †kªYx t K¬v‡k eB nviv‡bv| K¬v‡k mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ †NvlYv ‡`qv n‡jv †h eBwU cvIqv †M‡j cyi¯‹vi †`qv
n‡e|
M. me©mvaviY t me©mvaviY‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Giƒc cÖ¯Íve †ck Kiv nq| †hgb awi‡q w`b, bvg AvnŸvb,
bZzb gy‡Li mÜv‡b| G¸‡jv me©mvavi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †ckK…Z cÖ¯Íve |
3. cÖ¯Íve kZ©vaxb n‡Z cv‡i (Offer can be conditinal) t cÖ¯Íve kZ©vaxb n‡Z cv‡i Ges GKvwaK
kZ©I Zv‡Z _vK‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ kZ© hyw³nxb ev Ab¨vq n‡e bv|
K. kZ© my¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| Giƒc †¶‡Î Aci c¶ †`‡L bvB ev ey‡S bvB Giƒc e‡j Pzw³
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
L. kZ© Aek¨B hyw³m½Zfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z Aci c¶ Rvb‡Z Ges eyS‡Z cv‡i|
Ab¨_vq H kZ© cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|
M. kZ© KL‡bvB hyw³nxb ev Ab¨vq n‡e bv| kZ© Aek¨B hyw³m½Z I b¨vh¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq ejer‡hvM¨
n‡e bv|
4. cÖ¯Ív‡ei kZ© mywbw`©ó nIqv Avek¨K (Terms of offer must be definite) t cÖ¯Ív‡ei kZ©vejx me
mgqB mywbw`©ó I mywbwðZ n‡Z n‡e| Awbw`©ó ev A¯úó cÖ¯Íve KL‡bvB cÖ¯Íve wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv| †hgb
- GKRb wPÎKi‡K ejv n‡jv Avgvi Qwe Gu‡K w`‡j wKQz UvKv †`‡ev| GLv‡b UvKvi cwigvY A¯úó, ZvB
GwU cÖ¯Íve bq|
5. ïaygvÎ B”Qv cÖKvk ev wee„wZ cÖ¯Íve b‡n (Mere declaration of intention or statement is
not an offer) t m¤§wZ jv‡fi D‡Ïk¨ QvovB †Kvb B”Qv, e³e¨ ev wee„wZ cÖ`vb‡K AvBbZ cÖ¯—ve
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq bv| †hgb - evev Zvi †g‡qi ney ¯^vgx‡K ej‡jv, Avgv‡ì g„Zzï ci mKj
m¤úwË †g‡q cv‡e| GUv ïay B‡”Q cÖKvk, cÖ¯Íve wn‡m‡e MY¨ bq|
6. cÖ¯Íve I cÖ¯Ív‡ei Avgš¿Y GK bq (Offer and invitation to an offer is not be same) t
cÖ¯Íve I cÖ¯Ív‡ei Avgš¿Y GK bq| g~j¨ ZvwjKv wewj Kiv cÖ¯Ív‡ei Avgš¿Y, cÖ¯Íve bq| †hgb- KzKzi
nvwi‡q wM‡q‡Q, †c‡j 500 UvKv cyi¯‹vi, GUv cÖ¯Íve | wKš‘ g~j¨ 10 UvKv, 9 Uvq †Uªb Qvo‡e, XvKv
n‡Z Kzwóqv 250 UvKv Ges 4000 UvKv †eZ‡b wnmve i¶K PvB - G¸‡jv cÖ¯Ív‡ei Avgš¿Y, cÖ¯Íve
bq| G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z hw` †Kn 10 UvKv w`‡Z ivRx nq, 9 Uvi †Uª‡b D‡V, hw` †Kn ev‡m D‡V,
wnmvei¶K c‡` Av‡e`b K‡i Z‡e Zv cÖ¯Íve wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e| we‡µZv H cÖ¯Íve MÖnY bvI Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
7. cÖ¯Íve, cÖ¯ÍveMÖnxZv‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e (Offer must be communicated to be offeree) t hvi Rb¨
cÖ¯—ve Zv‡K Zv Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ab¨_vq †m ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| †Kn cÖ¯Íve bv †R‡b cÖ¯ÍvweZ KvR
K‡i w`‡jI Pzw³i m„wó nq bv Ges cvwikªvwgK cv‡e bv| ‡hgb-Lalmon Vs. Gouri Dutt 11
A.L.J. 489 gvgjvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| †MŠix `‡Ëi åvZz¯úyÎ nviv‡bv †Mj| †c‡j 501 UvKv
cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv Kiv n‡jv| euv”Pv nvwi‡q‡Q e‡j Kv‡Ri †Q‡j jvjg‡bi Lvivc jvM‡jv| †m LyuR‡Z
‡ei n‡jv| †m cyi¯‹v‡ii †NvlYv Rvb‡Zv bv| ev”PvwU Lyu‡R wb‡q G‡m UvKv `vwe Ki‡jI Av`vjZ
ej‡jv - †h‡nZz cyi¯‹v‡ii †NvlYv m¤ú‡K© †m wKQyB Rv‡bbv; ZvB cyi¯‹vi jvjgb cv‡e bv|
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 7
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
8. cÖ¯Ív‡e AvBbMZ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi B”Qv _vKv DwPZ (For an offer must be intention to
establish legal relationship) t cÖ¯Íve‡K AvBbMZ n‡Z n‡j cÖ¯Ív‡ei Øviv AvBbMZ m¤úK©
¯’vc‡bi AwfcÖvq ev B”Qv _vK‡Z n‡e| ‡hgb - evmvq Lvevi wbgš¿Y| G‡K Aci c¶ ivRx n‡jI
Pzw³ bq| KviY Giƒc `vIqv‡Z Pzw³i B”Qv _v‡K bv|
9. M„nxZ nevi c~‡e© cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq (Offer can be revoked before acceptance) t Pzw³
AvB‡bi 5 aviv g‡Z cÖ¯Íve ¯^xK…Z nevi Ges cÖ¯Íve‡Ki wec‡¶ ¯^xK…wZi ¯’vcb Kvh© m¤ú~Y© nevi c~‡e©
cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq, wKš‘ c‡i bq| cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi QvovI we‡kl †¶‡Î Zvgvw` ev evwZ‡ji
gva¨‡g cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi n‡Z cv‡i|
10. †Kvb cÖ¯Íve wPiKvj Pvjy _v‡K bv (Any offer is not stand for ever) t cÖ¯Ív‡e ¯^xK…wZi wbw`©ó
mxgv _vK‡Z n‡e, mxgv bv _vK‡j hyw³m½Z mg‡qi ci cÖ¯Ív‡ei wejyß N‡U| hyw³m½Z mgq cwi‡ek
I cwiw¯’wZi Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K|
¯^xK…wZ (Acceptance) t ¯^xK…wZ Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| cÖ¯—v‡ei Av‡jv‡K ¯^xK…wZ bv _vK‡j Pzw³ êa
nq bv| Avgv‡ì Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 (L) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q - hvi wbKU cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q, wZwb H cÖ¯Ív‡e
m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡j Zv‡K e‡j ¯^xK…wZ| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 9 aviv g‡Z ¯^xK…wZ e¨³ ev Ae¨³ n‡Z cv‡i|
¯^xK…wZ ‡K †`‡e?
1. †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³i wbKU cÖ¯Íve Kv‡Q Kiv n‡j H wbw`©ó e¨w³;
2. †Kvb wbw`©ó †kªYxi Kv‡Q Kiv n‡j H †kªYxi †h †Kvb GKRb; Ges
3. Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡j †h †Kn cÖ¯Ív‡ei ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z cv‡i|
¯^xK…wZ m¤úwK©Z wbqgvejx (Rules regarding acceptance) t AvBbvbyM cÖ¯Ív‡ei mv‡_ AvBbvbyM
¯^xK…wZ AwZ Avek¨K| ¯^xK…wZ‡K AvBbZ ejer Ki‡Z n‡j wbgœiƒc wbqgvejx Aek¨B ‡g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e t
(1) ¯^xK…wZ kZ©nxb Ges m¤ú~Y© nIqv Avek¨K t cÖ¯Ív‡e ewY©Z hveZxq kZ©vejxi †Kvb cwieZ©b bv K‡iB
cÖ¯ÍvewU m¤ú~Y© MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e [7(1) aviv]| †hgb - 50 UvKvq eB wewµi cÖ¯Ív‡e 45 UvKv ejv n‡j Zv
Pzw³ n‡e bv| 50 UvKvB ej‡Z n‡e|
(2) ¯^vfvweK I hyw³m½Z Dcv‡q ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb t cÖ¯Íve ¯^xK…wZ Ávc‡bi cš’vi D‡jøL bv _vK‡j †h †Kvb
cÖPwjZ I hyw³m½Z cš’vq e¨³ ev Ae¨³fv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qv hvq [7(2) aviv]| †hgb- †gŠwLK,
†Uwj‡dvb, wjwLZ bxie †_‡K ev gv_v bxPz K‡i ¯^xK…wZ †`qv hvq| Ae¨³ ¯^xK…wZ ej‡Z cÖ¯—v‡ei
kZ©cvjb ev cÖ¯Ív‡ei mv‡_ cÖ`Ë cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZi cÖwZ`vb MÖnY‡K eySvq (8 aviv)| wb‡gœi †h †Kvb
cš’vq Ae¨³ AvPiY Øviv ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv hvq t-
K) Kvh© m¤úv`b Øviv t †h †¶‡Î ¯^xK…wZ †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³, †m †¶‡Î e¨³fv‡e ¯^xK…wZ bv
Rvwb‡q mswkøó Kvh©wU m¤úv`b K‡iI ¯^xK…wZ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb - ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K ej‡jv Zzwg
Avgvi Rwg‡Z Kvj KvR K‡i w`‡j 100 UvK cv‡e| ÔLÕ hw` ciw`b H KvR K‡i Z‡e 100 UvKv
cv‡e|
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 8
eëmvq AvBb
L) cÖwZ`vb MÖnY Øviv t †Kvb K_v QvovB cÖ¯Ív‡ei mv‡_ cÖ`Ë cÖwZ`vb MÖnY K‡iI cÖ¯Ív‡ei ¯^xK…wZ
†`qv hvq| †hgb - ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K ej‡jv Zzwg hw` 100 UvKv MÖnY K‡iv Z‡e a‡i wbe Kvj Avgvi
Rwg‡Z KvR Ki‡Z ivRx i‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î UvKv MÖnY Ki‡jB cÖ¯Íve ¯^xK…Z n‡e|
M) cÖ¯Ív‡ei kZ© cvjb Øviv t †Kn hw` cÖ¯—v‡ei kZ©vejx mwVKfv‡e cvjb K‡i Zv n‡jI ¯^xK…wZ ‰ea
n‡e| ÔKÕ ÔLÕ-†K ej‡jv hw` Zzwg cÖwZw`b `ycy‡i Avgvi evmvq 1 †KwR K‡i `ya †cuuŠ‡Q `vI, Z‡e
‡Zvgv‡K gvm ‡k‡l cÖwZ‡KwR `y‡ai Rb¨ 40 UvKv K‡i wè| ÔLÕ hw` ÔKÕ Gi evwo‡Z `ya †cuŠ‡Q
w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i Z‡e a‡i †bqv n‡e ‡m cÖ¯Ív‡ei ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q|
N) myweav‡fv‡Mi Øviv t cÖ¯—v‡ei ¯^xK…wZ e¨³ fv‡e bv Rvwb‡qI hw` †Kn cÖ¯Ív‡ei Av‡jv‡K
myweav‡fvM Ki‡Z _v‡K, Z‡e cÖ¯—vewU ¯^xK…wZ n‡q‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv n‡e| †hgb ÔLÕ ÔKÕ-‡K
ej‡jv †h Avcbvi evmvq cÖwZw`b 1 †KwR K‡i `ya †cuŠ‡Q †`‡ev Z‡e kZ© n‡jv gvm †k‡l cÖwZ
†KwRi `vg 40 UvKv K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î ÔKÕ hw` mieivnK…Z `ya ivLv ïiy K‡i Z‡e cÖ¯Íve
¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
(3) gvbwmK ¯^xK…wZ bv Rvbv‡bv (AÁvwcZ) m¤§wZ AvBbZ MÖvn¨ bq t cÖ¯Ív‡e ivRx n‡q g‡b g‡b ivL‡j
Pj‡e bv| cÖ¯Ív‡ei Av‡jv‡K Zv MÖn‡Y AvcwË bvB, G Z_¨ ev Lei cÖ¯ÍveK‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
Ab¨_vq ¯^xK…wZ n‡e bv|
(4) cÖ¯Íve‡Ki wb‡`©kg‡Zv ¯^xK…wZ `vb t cÖ¯ÍveK cÖ¯Ív‡ei mgq ¯^xK…wZi cš’v D‡jøL Ki‡Z cv‡i| D‡jøL
Ki‡j H cš’vq Aek¨B ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z n‡e [7(2) aviv]| †hgb - †dv‡b, †UwjMÖv‡g, wPwV‡Z
GmGgGm K‡i BZ¨vwì †hwU D‡jøL _vK‡e, Zv‡ZB ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq ¯^xK…wZ AvBbm¤§Z
n‡e bv|
(5) ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb m¤ú~Y© n‡Z n‡e t 4 aviv g‡Z cÖ¯Íve‡Ki / cÖ¯ÍveKvixi †ejvq- hLb ¯^xK…wZi msev`
cÖ¯ÍveMÖnxZvi nvZ Qvov nq Ges cÖ¯ÍveMÖnxZvi †ejvq - hLb ¯^xK…wZi msev` cÖ¯ÍveKvixi wbKU †cuŠ‡Q
ZLbB ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb m¤ú~Y© nq| †hgb - ÔKÕ ÔLÕ-†K evox †Kbvi cÖ¯Íve w`j| ÔLÕ wPwV wj‡L m¤§wZ
w`j| ÔKÕ cÖ¯ÍveKvix - wPwV ÔLÕ Gi nvZ n‡Z Qvov nIqvgvÎ ev Wv‡K †`qv gvÎ ÔKÕ i Rb¨ ¯^xK…wZ
Ávcb m¤úbœ n‡e| wPwV nv‡Z †cuŠQvi ìKvi †bB| ÔLÕ cÖ¯ÍveMÖnxZv - †h gyû‡Z© ÔKÕ wPwV †c‡q me
Rvb‡e †mB gyû‡Z© ÔLÕ Gi Rb¨ ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb m¤ú~Y© n‡e|
(6) Mswkøó h_v_© e¨w³ †_‡K ¯^xK…wZ Avm‡Z n‡e t c~‡e© †R‡b‡Qb †h, cÖ¯Íve wbw`©ó e¨w³, wbw`©ó †kªYx ev
me© mvavi‡Yi wbKU Kiv hvq| wbw`©ó e¨w³i †¶‡Î H e¨w³‡K, wbw`©ó †kªYxi †¶‡Î H †kªYxi †h
†Kn Ges me©mvavi‡Yi †¶‡Î †h †Kvb e¨w³ cÖ¯Ív‡ei ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z cvi‡e|
(7) cÖ¯Íve ejer _vKve¯’vq ¯^xK…wZ Avek¨K t cÖ¯Ív‡e ¯^xK…wZi mgq D‡jøL _vK‡Z cv‡i| mgq D‡jøL
_vK‡j H mg‡qi g‡a¨, mgq D‡jøL bv _vK‡j hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ ¯^xK…wZ Avek¨K| hyw³m½Z
mgq cwiw¯’wZ I cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K wba©vwiZ n‡e|
(8) cÖ¯Íve Rvbv‡bvi c~‡e© ¯^xK…wZ t cÖ¯Íve †NvlYvi c~‡e©B ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb êa ¯^xK…wZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv Ges
‰ea Pzw³i m„wó n‡e bv|
(9) ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb nevi c~‡e© cÖZ¨vnvi t ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb nevi c~‡e© Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hv‡e (aviv 5)|
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 9
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi ev evwZj (Revocation of an Offer)

D‡jøL¨ †h, ¯^xK…Z nevi c~‡e© cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq (5 aviv)| ¯^xK…Z nevi c‡i Zv Kiv hvq bv| cÖ¯Íve
g~jZ ¯^xK…wZi Avkvq Kiv nq| Z‡e KL‡bv cÖ¯Íve †`qvi ci Zv cÖZ¨vnvi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 6 aviv g‡Z wbgœwjwLZ Ae¯’vq cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi ev evwZj n‡q hvq t-
(1) weÁwß Øviv (By notice)
(2) mgq DËxY© n‡j (After lapse ot time)
(3) hyw³m½Z mgq DËxY© n‡j (After lapse of reasonable time)
(4) kZ© c~iY bv n‡j (If terms are not fulfilled)
(5) cÖ¯Íve‡Ki g„Z~¨ ev gw¯Í®‹ weK…wZ NU‡j (In case of offerers death or mental upset)
wb‡gœ G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t-
1. weÁwß Øviv t hvi wbKU cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi ¯^xK…wZi c~‡e© cÖ¯ÍveK wjwLZ †bvwUk w`‡q Zv‡K cÖ¯Íve
cÖZ¨vnv‡ii welq Rvbv‡j Zv evwZj n‡q hvq| ‡hgb - ÔKÕ m¤§wZ wjLvKv‡j ÔLÕ i cÖZ¨vnvi ‡bvwUk †cj -
cÖ¯—ve evwZj|
2. mgq DËxY© n‡jv t cÖ¯ÍveK cÖ¯Ív‡ei ¯^xK…wZi Rb¨ mgq †e‡a w`‡j H mg‡qii g‡a¨ cÖ¯—v‡ei ¯^xK…wZ
bv †`qv n‡j mgq DËxY© nIqv gvÎ cÖ¯Íve evwZj| †hgb - 7 w`b mgq| 6ô wè‡m wjL‡jv| 7 wè‡m
24 NÈv niZvj _vKvq WvK N‡i †h‡Z Ges wPwV †cv÷ Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bv| cÖ¯Íve evwZj n‡q hv‡e|
3. hyw³m½Z mgq DËxY© n‡j t cÖ¯Ív‡e mgq D‡jøL bv _vK‡j, hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ ¯^xK…wZ Avek¨K|
hyw³m½Z mgq †kl n‡jB cÖ¯Íve evwZj| hyw³m½Z mgq - ¯’vb, Kvj-cvÎ †f‡` Ges cwiw¯’wZ I
cwi‡e‡ki Av‡jv‡K wba©vwiZ nq| Av`vj‡Z Zv w¯’i Ki‡e|
4. kZ© c~iY bv n‡jv t cÖ¯Ív‡e c~e©kZ© _vK‡Z cv‡i| H c~e©kZ© cvwjZ bv n‡j cÖ¯Íve evwZj n‡e| †hgb -
(1) K ÔLÕ †K ej‡jv Avgvi evox Avcbvi wbKU wewµ Ki‡ev hw` Avcwb H evox‡Z _v‡Kb|
(2) K ÔLÕ †K ej‡jv hw` Zzwg ÔMÕ †K we‡q K‡iv Avgvi cvebvi evox 50 nvRvi UvKvq †Zvgv‡K wewµ
Ki‡ev| G‡¶‡Î 1) evox‡Z wb‡R _vK‡Z ivRx bv n‡jv| Ges 2q †¶‡Î ÔLÕ hw` ÔMÕ †K we‡q Ki‡Z
ivRx bv nq Z‡e cÖ¯Íve 2wU evwZj n‡e|
5. cÖ¯—ve‡Ki g„Z~¨ ev gw¯Í®‹ weK…wZ t ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡bi c~‡e© hw` cÖ¯ÍveMÖnxZv Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †h cÖ¯Íve‡Ki
g„Z~¨ n‡q‡Q ev †m cvMj n‡q wM‡q‡Q, Z‡e cÖ¯—ve evwZj n‡q hv‡e|
6 aviv Qvov Av‡iv 4 fv‡e cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq| h_v t-
K) cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡j t cÖ¯ÍvewU GKevi cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡j Zv evwZj n‡q hvq| cieZ©x mg‡q
Avcbvi cÖ¯Ív‡e Avgvi AvcwË bvB ev fyj n‡q wM‡q‡Q BZ¨vw` e‡j cÖZ¨vL¨vZ cÖ¯Íve MÖnY Kiv hvq
bv|
L) cvëv cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡j t †h iƒ‡c cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q †miƒ‡c ¯^xK…wZ bv w`‡q †Kvb cwieZ©b ev
cwiea©b mv‡c‡¶ ¯^xK…wZ w`‡j Zv cvëv cÖ¯Íve e‡j MY¨ nq Ges c~e© cÖ¯Íve evwZj n‡q hvq|
M) cÖ¯ÍveK cÖ¯Íve cvj‡b Amg_© we‡ewPZ n‡j t cÖ¯ÍveK hw` †Kvb Kvi‡Y cÖ¯Íve cvj‡b Amg_© ev
A¶g n‡q c‡o Z‡e cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vüZ n‡e|
N) ¯^xK…wZi c~‡e© cÖ¯Ív‡ei welqe¯‘ A‰ea †NvwlZ n‡j t cÖ¯Íve ¯^xK…Z nevi c~‡e© †Kvb Kvi‡Y cÖ¯Íve
Abyhvqx Kvh© m¤úv`b A‰ea we‡ewPZ nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖ¯ÍvewU evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
BDwbU GK c„ôv- 10
eëmvq AvBb
cÖZ¨vnvi Ávcb (Communication of Revocation)

K) cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi t ¯^xK…wZi c~‡e© †h †Kvb mgq cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq| c‡i bq| ‡hgb (K) ÔKÕ ÔLÕ-‡K
cÖ¯—ve w`j; ÔLÕ wPwV‡Z ¯^xK…wZ w`j| GB wPwV cÖ`v‡bi c~‡e©B ÔKÕ cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z cv‡i Avevi L
¯^xK…wZi wPwV w`‡jI Zv ÔKÕ Gi wbKU †cuŠQvi c~‡e© Zvi‡hv‡M ¯^xK…wZ cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
L) ¯^xK…wZ cÖZ¨vnvi t 5 aviv g‡Z - ¯^xK…wZi msev` cÖ¯Íve‡Ki `„wó‡Z Avmvi c~‡e© †h †Kvb mgq Zv
cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq; wKš‘ `„wó‡Z G‡m †M‡j cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq bv|
cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb (Communication of offer and acceptance)

K. cÖ¯Íve Ávcb (Communication of Offer) t 4(1) aviv - hvi wbKU cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖ¯ÍvewU
Zvi `„wó‡Z AvmvgvÎ cÖ¯Ív‡ei Ávcb Kvh© m¤ú~Y© n‡q‡Q e‡j aiv n‡e|
L. ¯^xK…wZ ¯’vcb (Communication of acceptance) t 4(2) aviv - cÖ¯Ív‡ei ¯^xK…wZi msev`
cÖ¯Íve‡Ki wbKU cvVv‡bvi mv‡_ cÖ¯Íve‡Ki wec‡¶ ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb Kvh© m¤ú~Y© nq| KviY ZLb Dnv
¯^xK…wZKvixi Avq‡Ë¡i evwn‡i P‡j hvq|
Aciw`‡K ¯^xK…wZi msev` cÖ¯Íve‡Ki `„wó‡Z Avmvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯^xK…wZKvixi cÖwZK~‡j Dnvi Ávcb Kvh©
m¤ú~Y© nq|
cÖwZkÖywZ (Promise)
2(L) Pzw³ AvB‡bi aviv g‡Z - hvi wbKU cÖ¯Íve Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| †m Zv MÖnY Ki‡j cÖ¯ÍvewU ¯^xK…Z
n‡jv e‡j aiv nq| cÖ¯Íve ¯^xK…Z n‡j Zv‡K cÖwZkÖywZ e‡j| 2(M) Pzw³ AvB‡bi aviv g‡Z - †h cÖ¯Íve
Dc¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡K cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv (Promisor) Ges †h cÖ¯Íve MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq cÖwZkÖywZ
MÖnxZv (Promisce) |
cvV ms‡¶c
m¤§wZ cvevi D‡Ï‡k¨ hLb †Kvb e¨w³ Aci †Kvb e¨w³i wbKU †Kvb KvR Kiv ev Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vKvi
B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i Z‡e 1g e¨w³i 2q e¨w³i wbKU GKwU cÖ¯Íve K‡i‡Q ejv nq| cÖ¯Íve Aek¨B wbqgvbyhvqx
n‡Z n‡e| wbqgvejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q : cÖ¯Íve e¨³ ev Ae¨³ n‡Z cv‡i, cÖ¯Íve wbw`©ó e¨w³, wbw`©ó †kªYx ev
me© mvavi‡Yi wbKU Kiv hvq| cÖ¯Íve kZ©vaxb n‡Z cv‡i, cÖ¯Ív‡ei kZ© mywbw`©ó nIqv Avek¨K ïaygvÎ B”Qv
cÖKvk ev wee„wZ cÖ¯Íve b‡n, cÖ¯Íve I cÖ¯Ív‡ei Avgš¿Y GK bq, cÖ¯ÍveMÖnxZv‡K cÖ¯Íve Rvbv‡Z n‡e, cÖ¯Ív‡e
AvBbMZ m¤úK©¯’vc‡bi B”Qv _vKv DwPZ, cÖ¯Íve ¯^xK…Z nevi c~‡e©B cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq Ges †Kvb cÖ¯—v‡eB
wPiKvj Pvjy _v‡K bv|
hvi wbKU cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq, wZwb Zv‡Z m¤§wZ w`‡j Zv‡K ¯^xK…wZ ejv nq| wbw`©ó e¨w³, wbw`©ó †kªYxi †h
†Kn Ges me©mvavi‡Yi †h‡Kn cÖ¯Ív‡ei ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z cv‡i| cÖ¯Íve ¯^xK…Z n‡j Zv‡K cÖwZkÖywZ ejv nq|
¯^xK…wZi wbqgvejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- ¯^xK…wZ kZ©nxb I m¤ú~Y© nIqv Avek¨K| ¯^vfvweK I hyw³msMZ Dcv‡q
¯^xK…wZ ¯’vb (Kvh© m¤úv`b Øviv cÖwZ`vb MÖnY Øviv, cÖ¯Ív‡ei kZ© cvjb Øviv, myweav †fv‡Mi Øviv), gvbwmK
¯^xK…wZ bv Rvbv‡bv m¤§wZ AvBbMZ MÖvn¨ bq| cÖ¯Íve‡Ki wb‡`©k g‡Zv ¯^xK…wZ `vb, ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb m¤ú~Y©
n‡Z n‡e, mswkøó h_vh_ e¨w³ KZ©„K ¯^xK…wZ Avm‡Z n‡e| cÖ¯Íve ejer Ae¯’vq ¯^xK…wZ Avek¨K BZ¨vw`|
¯^xK…wZi c~‡e©B cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq, ¯^xK…wZ †`qvi ci Zv Kiv hvq bv| cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnv‡ii wbqgvejxi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- weÁwß Øviv, mgq DËxY© n‡j, hyw³msMZ mgq DËxY© n‡j, kZ©c~iY bv n‡j, cÖ¯Íve‡Ki g„Zz¨
ev gvbwmK weK…wZ NU‡j BZ¨vw`|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cÖwZ`vb (Consideration)
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
cÖwZ`v‡bi msÁv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖwZ`v‡bi †kªYxwefvM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖwZ`vb msµvšÍ wbqgvejx Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖwZ`vb Qvov Pzw³ nq bv GB wbq‡gi e¨wZµg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwZ`vb
cÖwZ`vb Pzw³i Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb| Pzw³i wbqg n‡jv - Pzw³ †_‡K GKc¶ wKQz w`‡e Ges Aci c¶ wKQz
cv‡e| wKQz hv †`qv ev cvIqv n‡jv ZvB cÖwZ`vb|
Bsj¨v‡Ûi Currie Vs., Misa [(1875) L.R. 10 Ex. 153] gvgjvq ejv n‡q‡Q cÖwZ`vb n‡jv - GK
c‡¶i AwR©Z †Kvb AwaKvi, ¯^v_©, jvf ev DcKvi; A_ev Ab¨ c¶ KZ©„K cÖ`Ë, Aby‡gvw`Z ev M„nxZ †Kvb
weiwZ, Aš—ivq, ¶wZ ev `vwqZ¡| (“Some right, interest, profits or benifit accruing to one
party or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered of undertaken
by the other.”)
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2(N) aviv - cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi B”Qvbymv‡i cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ hLb †Kvb Kvh©
K‡i‡Qb ev Kvh© Kiv n‡Z weiZ i‡q‡Qb, A_ev †Kvb Kvh© K‡ib ev Kvh© Kiv n‡Z weiZ _v‡Kb, A_ev
†Kvb Kvh© Kivi ev Kvh© Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vKvi cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb K‡ib, ZLb H iƒc Kvh© ev weiwZ ev
A½xKvi‡K cÖwZkÖywZi cÖwZ`vb e‡j| ‡hgb t-
(1) 100 UvKvq ÔKÕ Zvi eBwU ÔLÕ -Gi wbKU wewµ Ki‡Z ivRx n‡jv| GLv‡b ÔKÕ -Gi cÖwZ`vb 100
UvKv, ÔLÕ -Gi cÖwZ`vb eB|
(2) 5000 UvKv †eZ‡b X Gi dv‡g© Y †K wb‡qvM Kiv n‡jv, GLv‡b x Gi cÖwZ`vb y Gi KvR Ges x
Gi cÖwZ`vb y cÖ`Ë 5000 UvKv|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, cÖwZ`vb Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| cÖwZ`vb Qvov KL‡bv
Pzw³ nq bv| mKj m¤§wZ‡Z/Pzw³‡Z cÖwZ`vb _vK‡Z n‡e| AvB‡bi †Pv‡L cÖwZ`v‡bi wKQz bv wKQz g~j¨
_vK‡ZB n‡e| m¤§wZ †_‡K Dfq c¶ ci¯ú‡ii †_‡K wKQz bv †c‡j H m¤§wZ êa n‡e bv Ges Zv Øviv
êa Pzw³ nq bv|
cÖwZ`v‡bi cÖKvi‡f` (Types of consideration)

Avgv‡ì Pzw³ AvBb Abyhvqx cÖwZ`vb 3 cÖKvi, h_v -
1. AZxZ cÖwZ`vb (Past consideration), 2. eZ©gvb cÖwZ`vb (Present consideration), Ges 3.
fwel¨r cÖwZ`vb (Future Consideration)|
1. AZxZ cÖwZ`vb (Past Consideration) t cÖwZkÖywZi Zvwi‡Li cy‡e© †Kvb c‡¶i cÖwZ`vb †`qv n‡j
Zv‡K AZxZ cÖwZ`vb e‡j| †hgb - Rvbqvwi gv‡m ÔKÕ ÔLÕ -Gi GKwU KvR K‡i w`j| ÔLÕ gvP© gv‡m
ÔKÕ -‡K ¶wZc~i‡Yi cÖwZkÖywZ w`j e„wUk AvB‡b AZxZ cÖwZ`vb AvBb m½Z bq|
eëmvq AvBb
2. eZ©gvb cÖwZ`vb (Present Consideration) t †h cÖwZ`vb cÖwZkÖywZi mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M Pj‡Z _v‡K
Zv‡K eZ©gvb cÖwZ`vb e‡j| GUvB cÖwZ`v‡bi wPišÍb wbqg| †hgb - bM` g~‡j¨ †`vKvb †_‡K eB
†Kbv n‡jv †`vKvbxi cÖvß UvKv eZ©gvb cÖwZ`vb|
3. fwel¨r cÖwZ`vb (Future Consideration) t cÖwZ`vb fwel¨‡Z cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖywZ _vK‡j, Zv‡K
fwel¨r cÖwZ`vb e‡j| †hgb - (1) ‡`vKvb †_‡K Kvj UvKv †`qv n‡e e‡j Kjg µq Kiv n‡jv|
†`vKvbxi cÖwZ`vb fwel¨r cÖwZ`vb| (2) AvMvgx gv‡m cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q †`‡e Ges c‡ii gv‡m UvKv †`qv
n‡e - `ywU cÖwZ`vbB fwel¨r|
cÖwZ`vb m¤ú„³ wbqgvejx (Rules Regarding Consideration) t cÖwZ`vb m¤ú„³ AvB‡bi weavb
wbgœiƒc
1. cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi B‡”Qbyhvqx cÖwZ`vb n‡e (Consideration must be paid according to the desier
of the promisor).
2. cÖwZ`vb h_v_© ev ev¯Íe n‡Z n‡e (Consideration must be realistic)
3. cÖwZ`vb ch©vß bvI n‡Z cv‡i (Consideration need not to be adequate)
4. cÖwZ`vb A‰ea, bxwZ I ivóª we‡ivax n‡e bv (Consideration not to be illegel, immoral &
opposed to public policy)
5. cÖwZ`vb AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z n‡Z cv‡i (Consideration may be past, present & future)
6. cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv ev Aci †Kn cÖwZ`vb w`‡Z cv‡i (Consideration may come from promisee or
any other person)
1. cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi B”Qvbymv‡i cÖwZ`vb n‡e (Consideration must be paid according to the
desier of the promisor) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 (N) aviv g‡Z cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi B”Qvbymv‡i
cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv †Kvb KvR K‡i ev Kiv n‡Z weiZ _v‡K| ZvB ejv hvq, cÖwZ`vb †c‡Z n‡j Aby‡iva
jvM‡e| Aby‡iva Qvov †KD †Kvb Kvh© Ki‡j ev weiZ _vK‡jI cÖwZ`vb cv‡e bv| A_©vr †¯^”Qvq †Kn
†Kvb KvR Ki‡j cÖwZ`vb †bB| ‡hgb t-
(K) ÔKÕ -Gi evox‡Z Av¸b †j‡M‡Q †`‡L ÔLÕ Zv‡K mvnv‡h¨ Ki‡jv| ÔKÕ Zv‡K mvnv‡h¨ Ki‡Z e‡j
bvB| myZivs ÔLÕ cÖwZ`vb PvB‡Z cvi‡e bv|
(L) ÔKÕ -Gi evox‡Z Pzwi K‡i L cvjv‡”Q †`‡L M †Pvi a‡i ÔKÕ -Gi wbKU Dc¯’vcb| GKv‡R ÔMÕ
†Kvb cÖwZ`vb cv‡e bv|
2. cÖwZ`vb h_v_© ev ev¯Íe n‡Z n‡e (Consideration Must be realistic) t AvB‡bi †Pv‡L
cÖwZ`v‡bi †Kvb g~j¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ`vb KL‡bv wg_¨v, AwbwðZ, KvíwbK n‡Z cv‡i bv| Puv`v
cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖywZI AvBbMZ ejer†hvM¨ bq| KviY cÖwZ`vb bvB| †hgb - GK mv‡_ PÆMÖvg †M‡j ÔKÕ
ÔLÕ -‡K m~h© †_‡K GK UzKiv ¯^Y© ev Av¸b G‡b Zv‡K ‡`‡e| Giƒc Pzw³ wg_¨v Ges Qjbvgq|
3. cÖwZ`vb ch©vß bvI n‡Z cv‡i (Consideration need not to be adequate) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 25
aviv (e¨vL¨v 2) g‡Z ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ‡Z cÖwZ`vb Kg n‡jI P‡j| A_©vr m¤§wZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e †`qv n‡j
cÖwZ`vb Kg n‡j Pzw³ êa n‡e| †hgb - ÔKÕ Zvi 10 jvL UvKvi evox 1 jvL UvKvq ÔLÕ Gi wbKU
wewµ‡Z ivRx n‡jv| cÖwZ`vb Kg n‡jI GwU êa Pzw³|
4. cÖwZ`vb A‰ea, bxwZ ev ivóªwe‡ivax n‡e bv (Consideration not to be illegel, immoral &
opposed to public policy) t cÖwZ`vb Ges m¤§wZi welqe¯‘ êa n‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq Zv AvBbZ
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
ejer†hvM¨ bq| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 23 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mvaviYfv‡e AvBb wbwl× Kvh©, cÖZviYvg~jK
Kvh©, `yb©xwZg~jK Kvh©, bxwZ I Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax Kvh© Øviv cÖ`Ë cÖwZ`vb êa e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv| ‡hgb -
K) A‰ea cÖwZ`vb t 50 UvKvi wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ 5 UvKv hw` A‰eafv‡e DcvR©b Kiv nq Z‡e cy‡iv
cÖwZ`vb A‰ea e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
L) bxwZwe‡ivax cÖwZ`vb t i) 50 UvKvq wK‡b 5 UvKv †Rvi K‡i Kg †`qv; ii) KvD‡K nZ¨v Kivi
Rb¨ †jvK wb‡qvM Kiv|
M) ivóª ev Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax t i) †Kvb GKwU Lvm Rwg †c‡Z 5 Rb jx‡Ri Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡i‡Q| 5
nvRvi UvKv Nyl wb‡q 3q Rb‡K jxR cÖ`vb| GUv ivóªwe‡ivax cÖwZ`vb; ii) 50 nvRvi UvKv w`‡j
PvKzwi †`qv n‡e ejv n‡jv| GUv A‰ea Ges Gi gva¨‡g PvKwi n‡j ZvI A‰ea|
5. cÖwZ`vb AZxZ, eZ©gvb, fwel¨r n‡Z cv‡i (Consideration may be Past, Present &
Future) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 aviv g‡Z cÖwZ`vb AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z n‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr, Pzw³
AvB‡bi cÖ`Ë cÖwZ`v‡bi msÁv g‡Z AZx‡Zi Kvh© ev weiwZ, eZ©gv‡bi Kvh© ev weiwZ, fwel¨‡Zi Kvh©
ev weiwZ msµvš— m¤§wZ cÖwZ`vb wn‡m‡e MY¨|
6. cÖwZkÖywZMÖÖnxZv ev Ab¨‡Kn cÖwZ`vb w`‡Z cv‡i (Consideration may come from promisee
or any other person) t cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv‡KB cÖwZ`vb w`‡Z n‡e Ggb bq Zvi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z
¶gZvcÖvß Aci †Kn A_ev Zvi g„Z~¨‡Z AvZ¥xq‡ì †Kn cÖwZ`vb w`‡Z cv‡i| GUv êa n‡e|
cÖwZ`vb m¤ú‡K© evsjv‡`k I e„wUk AvB‡bi cv_©K¨ (Difference between Bangladesh & English
Law relating to Consideration)
GB `yÕwU AvB‡bi g‡a¨ wKQz wKQz wgj _vK‡jI 5wU †¶‡Î cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q, h_v t-
evsjv‡`k AvBb e„wUk AvBb
1. AbvbyôvwbK Pzw³ t evsjv‡`k Pzw³ AvB‡b 1. GB AvB‡b AvbyôvwbK Pzw³‡Z cÖwZ`vb cÖ‡qvRb
AvbyôvwbK Pzw³ e‡j wKQz bvB| 25 avivq ewY©Z nq bv| wjwLZ ev gyw`ªZ, `¯ÍLZK…Z, mxj
e¨wZµg Qvov mKj Pzw³‡Z cÖwZ`vb cÖ‡qvRb| †gvniK…Z Ges GK c¶ KZ©„K Aci c¶‡K
cÖ`Ë Pzw³‡K AvbyôvwbK Pz&w³ e‡j| Ab¨ mKj
Pzw³‡K mvaviY Pzw³ Ges †m me ‡¶‡ÎB cÖwZ`vb
Avek¨K|
2. AZxZ cÖwZ`vb t evsjv‡`‡ki Pzw³ AvB‡b 2. GB AvB‡b AZxZ cÖwZ`vb‡K cÖwZ`vbiƒ‡c
AZxZ cÖwZ`vb GKwU êa cÖwZ`vb| ¯^xKvi Kiv nq bv|
3. cÖwZ`vb Avmvi wbqg t cÖwZ`vb cÖwZkÖwy ZMÖnxZv ev 3. GB AvBb Abyhvqx cÖwZ`vb ïay cÖwZkÖwy ZMÖnxZvi
Ab¨ †h ‡Kvb e¨w³i wbKU n‡Z cÖwZ`vb Avm‡Z wbKU †_‡KB Avm‡Z cvi‡e| Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ
cv‡i| †_‡K bq|
4. †hŠ_ m¤§wZi †¶‡Î t †hŠ_ m¤§wZi †¶‡Î GB 4. GB AvB‡b g„Z e¨w³i cÖwZ`vb cÖ`vb Zvi
AvBb Abyhvqx g„Z e¨w³i cÖwZ`vb cÖ`vb Zvi DËivwaKvix‡ì Dci eZ©vq bv|
DËivwaKvix‡ì Dci eZ©vq|
5. Zvgv`x FY t GB AvB‡b Zvgv`x FYI GKwU 5. GB AvB‡b Zvgv`x FY AvBbm½Z cÖwZ`vb
AvBbm¤§Z cÖwZ`vb e‡j MY¨ nq| wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq bv|
eëmvq AvBb
cÖwZ`vb Qvov Pzw³ nq bv A_ev cÖwZ`vb bvB Pzw³I bvB (No consideration no contract”
Execptions to the rule) t GB wbq‡gi e¨wZµg - cÖwZ`vb êa Pzw³i GKwU Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb| ZvB
cÖwZ`vb Qvov mvaviYZ Pzw³ nq bv|
m¨vgÛ Ges DBbwdì (Salmond & Windfield) e‡jb cÖwZ`vb Qvov cÖwZkÖywZ GKwU `vb Ges
cÖwZ`vbmn cÖwZkÖywZ GKwU Pzw³ (“A Promise without consideration is a gift: one made for a
consideration is a bargain”.)
cÖvPxb †ivgvb AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q - cÖwZ`vbnxb m¤§wZ‡K †Lvjv m¤§wZ ejv n‡Zv Ges Bnv AvBb Øviv
ejer†hvM¨ n‡Zv bv| e„wUk AvB‡b - ïay AvbyôvwbK Pzw³ Qvov mKi Pzw³‡ZB cÖwZ`vb cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡ì
AvB‡b - cÖwZ`vb‡K êa Pzw³i Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
myZivs cÖwZ`vb Qvov m¤§wZ hZB m¤§vbRbK nDK Bnv AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB
cÖwZ`vbnxb cÖwZkÖywZ g~j¨nxb| cÖwZw`b Qvov Pzw³ nq bv GUv mwZ¨ n‡jI Pzw³ AvB‡bi 25 avivq KÕwU
e¨wZµg i‡q‡Q| A_©vr Gme †¶‡ÎI cÖwZ`vb Qvov Pzw³ êa n‡e -
1. †mœn I fv‡jvevmvi Pzw³ (Contract out of love and affection)
2. †¯^”QvK…Z Kv‡h©i ¶wZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ (Compensational promise for voluntary services)
3. AvBbm½Z KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi Pzw³ (Promise for performing legal duty)
4. Zvgv`x FY cwi‡kv‡ai Pzw³ (Contract for repayment of time barred debt)
5. m¤úvw`Z `vb (Ececuted gift)
6. AwaKvi cwinv‡ii Pzw³ (Contract of remission of rights)
7. cÖwZwbwa wbhyw³i Pzw³ (Contract of appointing agent)
8. Mw”QZ cÖ`v‡bi Pzw³ (Contract of bailment)
1. fv‡jvevmv I †mœ‡ni Pzw³ (Contract out of love & affection) t 25(1) aviv g‡Z cÖwZ`vbnxb
m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e Z‡e
K. c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ hw` Nwbó m¤úK© _v‡K;
L. fv‡jvevmv I †mœ‡ni Rb¨ hw` †Kvb m¤§wZ m¤úvw`Z nq;
M. H m¤§wZ hw` wjwLZ; Ges
N. `wjj wbeÜb AvBb Abyhvqx wbeÜbK…Z nq|
Dwj- wLZ 4wU kZ© GK‡hv‡M eZ©gvb _vK‡j cÖwZ`vb QvovI Pzw³ êa n‡e| †hgb - wcZv-cyÎ, RvgvZv,
†g‡q, ¯¿x, fvB-fvex, bvwZ BZ¨vw`|
2. †¯^”QvK…Z ¶wZc~iY (Promise for consideration for voluntary services) t 25(2) aviv
g‡Z - Aby‡iva Qvov †Kvb e¨w³ hw` †¯^”QvK…Z fv‡e †Kvb KvR K‡i Ges cieZ©x‡Z DcK…Z e¨w³ hw`
H Kv‡h©i Rb¨ ‡mev`vbKvix H e¨w³‡K m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK ¶wZc~iY wn‡m‡e wKQz †èvi cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb
K‡i, Z‡e Zv cÖwZ`vb QvovB MÖvn¨ n‡e| ‡hgb t- 5 jvL UvKvi _‡j c‡_ †c‡q wVKvbv g‡Zv †cuŠ‡Q
†`qvq gvwjK Lywk n‡q 5 nvRvi UvKv cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖywZ w`‡jb| GUv êa Pzw³|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
3. AvBbm½Z KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi cÖwZkÖywZ (Promise for performing legal duty) t 25 (2) aviv - †h
KZ©e¨ cvj‡b cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv AvBbMZ eva¨ wQ‡jb, Zv Ab¨ e¨w³ m¤úv`b Ki‡j djkÖywZ‡Z
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv H e¨w³‡K m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK ¶wZc~iY`v‡bi cÖwZkÖywZ w`‡j, Zv cÖwZ`vb QvovB êa
n‡e| ‡hgb- ÔKÕ Gi GKwU wkï‡K ÔLÕ cvjb K‡i GRb¨ ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K m¤ú~Y© LiP ‡èvi cÖwZkÖywZ
†`q GB êa Pzw³|
4. Zvgv`x FY cwi‡kv‡ai Pzw³ (Contract for repayment of time barred debt) t 25(3) aviv
- Zvgv`x FY Av`vq‡hvM¨ bq| wKš‘ FYMÖnxZv ev Zvi ¶gZvcÖvß cÖwZwbwa hw` wjwLZ I ¯^v¶wiZ
`wj‡ji gva¨‡g H FY m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK cwi‡kv‡ai cÖwZkÖywZ †`q Z‡e Zv êa n‡e| ‡hgb - K ÔLÕ
Gi wbKU 5 jvL UvKv †c‡Zv| Zv Zvgv`x n‡q †M‡Q| c‡i L ev Zvi ¶gZv cÖvß (M) hw` H UvKvi
m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK cÖ`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i GKwU wjwLZ I ¯^v¶wiZ cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb K‡i Z‡e GUv êa|
5. m¤úvw`Z `v‡bi †¶‡Î (Executed gift) t 25 avivi e¨vL¨v 1 -G ejv n‡q‡Q, m¤úvw`Z `v‡bi
†¶‡Î cÖwZ`vb QvovB Pzw³ n‡e| hw` Zv m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi AvBb Abyhvqx wjwLZ I wbeÜb `wjj Øviv
†Kn KvD‡K †Kvb wKQz `vb K‡i Z‡e Zv ‰ea n‡e| myZivs, m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi AvBb Abyhvqx wjwLZ I
wbewÜZ K‡i hw` †Kn KvD‡K wKQz `vb K‡i Z‡e Zv cÖwZ`vb QvovB êa n‡e|
6. cÖwZwbwa wbhyw³i †¶‡Î (Contract for appointing agency) t 185 aviv g‡Z - cÖwZwbwa
wbhyw³i †¶‡Î †Kvb cÖwZ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †hgb ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K PÆMÖv‡gi weµq cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb
Ki‡jv| Giƒc †¶‡Î cÖwZwbwaZ¡ MÖnYB cÖwZwbwa wb‡qv‡Mi cÖwZ`vb| mvaviYZ Giƒc Pzw³‡Z
cÖwZwbwa‡K †`q cvwikªvwg‡Ki cwigvY wjLv _v‡K|
7. cvIbv †Q‡o ‡èvi Pzw³ (Contract of remission of rights) t 63 aviv g‡Z - cÖ‡Z¨K
cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Zv‡K cÖ`Ë cÖwZkÖywZ m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK cwinvi ev gIKzd Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cvIbv
†Q‡o †èvi Pzw³ cÖwZ`vb QvovB êa n‡e| †hgb - ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K ej‡jv †Zvgvi wbKU 5 jvL UvKv
†cZvg| †Zvgvi mgm¨v wPšÍv K‡i 2 jvL †Q‡o w`jvg| evKxUv AvMvgx gv‡m w`‡q †`‡e| GUv êa|
8. webv cvwikªvwg‡K Mw”QZ cÖ`v‡bi Pzw³ (Contract of bailment) t 150 aviv g‡Z - webv
cvwikªvwgK Mw”QZ cÖ`v‡bi Pzw³ AvBbZ êa| hwÌ Mw”QZMÖnxZv G‡¶‡Î †Kvb cvwikªvwgK ev cÖwZ`vb
cvq bv| †hgb - ÔKÕ Zvi Mvox/evox/UvKv ÔLÕ Gi wR¤§vq †i‡L w`j| G‡¶‡Î ÔLÕ †Kvb cÖwZ`vb cv‡”Q
bv| ZeyI GwU êa Pzw³|
DwjøwLZ e¨wZµg Qvov me©‡¶‡ÎB Pzw³‡Z cÖwZ`vb cÖ‡qvRb nq| G Kvi‡Y ejv nq †h cÖwZ`vb bvB
Pzw³ bvB|
eëmvq AvBb
cvV ms‡¶c
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2(N) aviv - cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi B”Qvbymv‡i cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ hLb †Kvb Kvh©
K‡i‡Qb ev Kvh© Kiv n‡Z weiZ i‡q‡Qb, A_ev †Kvb Kvh© K‡ib ev Kvh© Kiv n‡Z weiZ _v‡Kb, A_ev
†Kvb Kvh© Kivi ev Kvh© Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vKvi cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb K‡ib, ZLb H iƒc Kvh© ev weiwZ ev
A½xKvi‡K cÖwZkÖywZi cÖwZ`vb e‡j| cÖwZkÖywZi Zvwi‡Li cy‡e© †Kvb c‡¶i cÖwZ`vb †`qv n‡j Zv‡K AZxZ
cÖwZ`vb e‡j| †h cÖwZ`vb cÖwZkÖywZi mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M Pj‡Z _v‡K Zv‡K eZ©gvb cÖwZ`vb e‡j| cÖwZ`vb
fwel¨‡Z cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖywZ _vK‡j, Zv‡K fwel¨r cÖwZ`vb e‡j| cÖwZ`vb m¤ú„³ AvB‡bi weavb wbgœiƒc :
1. cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi B‡”Qbyhvqx cÖwZ`vb n‡e
2. cÖwZ`vb h_v_© ev ev¯Íe n‡Z n‡e
3. cÖwZ`vb ch©vß bvI n‡Z cv‡i
4. cÖwZ`vb A‰ea, bxwZ I ivóª we‡ivax n‡e bv
5. cÖwZ`vb AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z n‡Z cv‡i
6. cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv ev Aci †Kn cÖwZ`vb w`‡Z cv‡i|
cÖwZw`b Qvov Pzw³ nq bv GUv mwZ¨ n‡jI Pzw³ AvB‡bi 25 avivq KÕwU e¨wZµg i‡q‡Q| A_©vr Gme
†¶‡ÎI cÖwZ`vb Qvov Pzw³ êa n‡e -
1. †mœn I fv‡jvevmvi Pzw³,
2. †¯^”QvK…Z Kv‡h©i ¶wZc~i‡Yi Pzw³,
3. AvBbm½Z KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi Pzw³,
4. Zvgv`x FY cwi‡kv‡ai Pzw³,
5. m¤úvw`Z `vb,
6. AwaKvi cwinv‡ii Pzw³,
7. cÖwZwbwa wbhyw³i Pzw³,
8. Mw”QZ cÖ`v‡bi Pzw³,
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Pzw³ ev m¤§wZi †kªYxwefvM (Types of Contract)
D‡Ïk¨
Pzw³i †kªYx wefvM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
evwZj I evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi, evwZj I A‰ea m¤§wZi Ges evRx Pzw³ I exgv Pzw³i cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
Pzw³ ev Am¤§wZ ej‡Z wKQz Kiv ev Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv‡K eySvq| Pzw³i KvR n‡jv m¤§Z Efq c¶‡K
Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK KvR Ki‡Z eva¨-evaKZvi m„wó Kiv| wb‡gœ Pzw³i †kªYx web¨vm †`Lv‡bv n‡jv -
Pzw³i †kªYx web¨vm
Types of Contract
K. AvBbMZ êaZvi `„wó‡KvY L. c×wZMZ `„wó‡KvY M. cÖwZ`vb cÖ`v‡bi N. Pzw³ cvj‡bi `„wó‡KvY
†_‡K (Approaches to validity †_‡K (Approaches `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †_‡K (Approaches
of Legal point) : to methods) : (Approaches to to performance) :
1. êa (Valid) 1. e¨³ Pzw³ consideration) : 1. m¤úbœ Pzw³
2. evwZj Pzw³ ev m¤§wZ (Void) (Expressed) 1. GK cvw¶K (Executed)
3. evwZj‡hvM¨ Pzw³ (Voidable) 2. Ae¨³ Pzw³ (Unilateral) 2. m¤úv`¨ Pzw³
4. Aejer†hvM¨ Pzw³ (Un- (Implied) 2. wØ-cvw¶K (Executory)
Enforceable) (Bilateral)
5. A‰ea m¤§wZ (Illegel
agreement)
K. AvBbMZ êaZvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K (Approaches to validity of Legal point)

1. êa Pzw³ ev m¤§wZ (Valid Agreement) t 1872 mv‡ji Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 (R) aviv g‡Z - AvB‡bi
mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ m¤§wZ‡K êa Pzw³ e‡j| Giƒc Pzw³i Øviv AvBbMZ m¤ú‡K©i I cvi¯úwiK `vq-
`vwq‡Z¡i m„wó nq Ges †Kvb c¶ GB Pzw³ f½ Ki‡j ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| êa
m¤§wZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v -
K) AvbyôvwbK Pzw³ (Formal Contract) t e„‡U‡bi Pzw³ AvBb Abyhvqx †h mKj Pzw³ wjwLZ,
¯^v¶ihy³, mxj‡gvniK…Z Ges GK c¶ KZ©„K Aci c¶‡K cÖ`Ë Zv‡K AvbyôvwbK Pzw³ e‡j|
L) mvaviY Pzw³ (Simple Contract) t e„‡U‡bi AvBb Abyhvqx †hme Pzw³‡Z cÖwZ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
nq, Zv‡K mvaviY Pzw³ e‡j|
2. evwZj Pzw³ ev m¤§wZ (Void Agreement) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 (Q) aviv g‡Z - †h mKj m¤§wZ
AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer Kiv hvq bv, Zv‡K evwZj m¤§wZ ejv nq| Giƒc m¤§wZ ïiy n‡ZB evwZj e‡j
c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb `vq m„wó K‡i bv|
Pzw³ AvBb Abyhvqx †h m¤§wZ¸‡jv ïiy‡ZB evwZj e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq Zv wbgœiƒc -
eëmvq AvBb
1. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A‡hvM¨ e¨w³ Øviv Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j| †hgb- bvevjK, cvMj, †`Dwjqv (11
aviv);
2. Pzw³i g~j welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Dfqc‡¶i fyj n‡j (20 aviv);
3. A‰ea cÖwZ`vb I D‡Ïk¨ m¤^wjZ m¤§wZ (23 aviv);
4. m¤§wZi D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖwZ`v‡bi Ask we‡kl A‰ea n‡j (25 aviv);
5. KwZcq e¨wZµg Qvov cÖwZ`vbnxb m¤§wZ (25 aviv);
6. bvevjK b‡n Giƒc †Kvb e¨w³i weev‡ni Dci cÖwZeÜKZv m„wóKvix m¤§wZ (26 aviv);
7. AvBbm½Z †ckv ev eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wóKvix (m¤§wZ 27 aviv);
8. evRx aivi Pz&w³, †hgb-†gvnv‡gWvb I Avevnbx ‡Ljv, †gvnv‡gWvb wRZ‡j 50 UvKv †`qv n‡e BZ¨vw`
(30 aviv);
9. AwbwðZ I Awbw`©ó m¤§wZ (29 aviv);
10. e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvq cÖwZeÜKZv m„wóKvix m¤§wZ;
11. Am¤¢e Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Pzw³ (56 aviv); Ges
12. Pzw³ m¤úv`bKv‡j cvjb‡hvM¨ n‡jI cieZ©x NUbv ev cÖewZ©Z bZzb AvBb ejer nevi Kvi‡Y D³
m¤§wZ evwZj n‡Z cv‡i (2 T)|
3. evwZj‡hvM¨ Pzw³ (Voidable agreement) t ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i B‡”Q Abymv‡i †h Pzw³ evwZj Kiv hvq
Zv‡K evwZj‡hvM¨ Pzw³ e‡j| Z‡e h‡Zv¶Y H c¶ Pzw³ evwZj †NvlYv bv K‡i ZZ¶Y ch©š— Bnv AvBbZ
ejer‡hvM¨|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 (S) aviv g‡Z - †h mKj m¤§wZ GK ev GKvwaK c‡¶i B‡”Q Abymv‡i ejer‡hvM¨
nq, wKš‘ Aci c‡¶i B‡”Q Abymv‡i ejer‡hvM¨ nq bv, Zv‡K evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZ e‡j|
Giƒc Pzw³ wKfv‡e m„wó nq?
mvaviYZ AbywPZ cÖfve, ejcÖ‡qvM, cÖZviYv ev wg_¨v eY©bvi Øviv Av`vqK…Z m¤§wZ¸‡jvB cieZ©x‡Z
evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZ e‡j MY¨ nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, hvi Dci Gme cÖ‡qvM K‡i m¤§wZ Av`vq Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvi B”Qvbymv‡i GB m¤§wZ evwZj‡hvM¨ nq|
evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi êwkó¨ (Characteristics of voidable Contract) t
1. ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ hZ¶Y Pzw³wU evwZj e‡j MY¨ bv K‡i, ZZ¶Y Bnv êa m¤§wZ e‡j MY¨ Ges
mswkøó c¶ Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨|
2. AvBb ïay ¶wZMÖ¯’ GK ev GKvwaK c¶‡K Pzw³ evwZj Kivi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i|
3. ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Pzw³ evwZj Ki‡Z eva¨ bq| Bnv Zvi m¤ú~Y© B”Qvaxb| B”QzK n‡j wbw`©ó ev
hyyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zv Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. Pzw³i Aci c¶ ev c¶MY me©`vB Pzw³ cvj‡b eva¨|
5. ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ hw` Pzw³wU †g‡b †bq A_ev hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Pzw³ Gov‡bvi AwaKvi cÖ‡qvM bv
K‡i| A_ev hw` Pzw³i welqe¯‘‡Z 3q c‡¶i †Kvb AwaKvi ev ¯^Z¡ Rb¥vq| ZLb 3q c¶I Pzw³
Øviv Ave× n‡q c‡o|
4. Aejer‡hvM¨ m¤§wZ (Unenforceable agreement) t AvBbMZ ÎywU wePz¨wZi Rb¨ †h m¤§wZ
Av`vjZKZ©„K ejer‡hvM¨ nq bv, Zv‡K Aejer‡hvM¨ m¤§wZ e‡j| ‡hgb - Dchy³ ÷¨v¤ú bv
jvMv‡bvi Rb¨; Ges wbeÜb bv nevi Rb¨ †Kvb m¤§wZ Av`vjZ KZ©„K Aejer‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
5. A‰ea m¤§wZ (Illegal agreement) t †`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvB‡b A‰ea e‡j ‡NvwlZ Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨
†Kvb m¤§wZ ‡`qv n‡j, Zv ïiy †_‡K evwZj Ges Giƒc m¤§wZ‡K A‰ea m¤§wZ e‡j| †hgb - KvD‡K
nZ¨v, nvBR¨vK Ges Pzwi-WvKvwZ Kivi m¤§wZ A‰ea| Giƒc m¤§wZ evsjv‡`k †dŠR`vix AvB‡bi
cwicš’x|
L) c×wZMZ `„wó‡KvY (Approaches to methods) t

1. e¨³ Pzw³ t fvlvi gva¨‡g Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z/m„ó cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZ‡K e¨³ Pzw³ e‡j|
9 aviv g‡Z fvlvi gva¨‡g †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZi cÖ¯Íve `vb ev ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`Ë n‡j Zv‡K e¨³ cÖwZkÖywZ e‡j|
2. Ae¨³ Pzw³ t wjwLZ ev †gŠwLK cš’vq m¤§wZ bv n‡q AvPvi-AvPiY, nve-fve Øviv m¤§wZ cÖwZwôZ n‡j
Zv‡K Ae¨³ Pzw³ e‡j|
9 aviv g‡Z †Kvb cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb I ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb fvlvi eënvi Qvov Ab¨ gva¨‡g n‡j, Zv‡K Ae¨³ cÖwZkÖywZ
e‡j|
M) cÖwZ`vb cÖ`v‡bi `„wó‡KvY (Approaches to consideration) t
1. GK cvw¶K Pzw³ t †h Pzw³‡Z GK c¶ cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb K‡i Aci Zv MÖnY Qvov wKQzB cÖ`v‡b m¤§Z nq
bv| Zv‡K GK cvw¶K Pzw³ e‡j| †hgb - wgt X gmwR‡` wKQz A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡jv - GUv GKcvw¶K
Pzw³|
2. wØ-cvw¶K Pzw³ t †h Pzw³‡Z cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ ev Dfq c‡¶i cÖwZ`vb cÖ`Ë nq| Zv‡K wØ-cvw¶K
Pzw³ e‡j| ‡hgb - 10 UvKvq Kjg µq Kiv n‡jv| GLv‡b Kj‡gi cÖwZ`vb UvKv Ges UvKvi cÖwZ`vb
Kjg|
N) Pzw³ cvj‡bi `„wó‡KvY (Approaches to performance) t
1. m¤úbœ Pzw³ t Pzw³ Abyhvqx hLb Dfq c¶ mKj Kvh© myôy iƒ‡c my-m¤úbœ K‡i Zv‡K m¤úbœ Pzw³ e‡j|
G‡¶‡Î `yB c‡¶i Kvh©µg mgvbZv‡j P‡j|
2. m¤úv`¨ Pzw³ t ‡h †¶‡Î Pzw³ Abyhvqx m¤ú~Y© Kvh© ev AvswkK Kvh© fwel¨‡Z m¤úvw`Z n‡e G g‡g©
m¤§wZ cÖwZwôZ nq, Zv‡K m¤úv`¨ Pzw³ e‡j| †hgb - wbw`©ó g~‡jï wewbg‡q iwng Kwig‡K cÖwZw`b
GK ‡KwR K‡i `ya mieivn Ki‡e| GUv m¤úv`¨ Pzw³|
evwZj I evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi cv_©K¨ wbY©q (Difference between void + voidable agreements)t
evwZj I evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi g‡a¨ †ek wKQz êmv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q, hv wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë n‡jv t-
µg evwZj m¤§wZ evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZ
1. msÁv ‡h me m¤§wZ AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer Kiv ‡h m¤§wZ GK c‡¶i B‡”Q Abymv‡i
hvq bv, Zv‡K evwZj m¤§wZ e‡j| ejer‡hvM¨, wKš‘ Aci c‡¶i B‡”Q
Abymv‡i ejer‡hvM¨ nq bv, Zv‡K
evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZ e‡j|
2. DrcwË Avek¨Kxq Dcv`v‡bi Afve †_‡K GB ej cÖ‡qvM, AbywPZ cÖfve, cÖZviYv,
m¤§wZ m„wó nq| wg_¨v eY©bv I fy‡ji Øviv Giƒc Pzw³
m„wó nq|
3. AwaKvi GB m¤§wZ Pzw³e× ev m¤§wZe× c¶M‡Yi hZ¶Y ch©šÍ evwZj †NvwlZ bv nq,
g‡a¨ †Kvb AwaKvi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ c¶M‡Yi g‡a¨ AwaKvi
_vK‡e|
4. `vq-`vwqZ¡ AwaKvi bv _vKvq †Kvb c‡¶i g‡a¨ †Kvb evwZj e‡j †NvwlZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ
`vq-`vwq‡Z¡i m„wó nq bv| c¶M‡Yi g‡a¨ êa `vq-`vwq‡Z¡i m„wó
K‡i|
eëmvq AvBb
5. ¯^Z¡ n¯ÍvšÍi GB m¤§wZi Øviv GK c¶ Aci c‡¶i

evwZj e‡j †NvwlZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ †Kvb
wbKU cÖ vß AwaKvi ev ¯^Z ¡ n¯ÍvšÍ i
c¶ Aci c‡¶i wbKU Zvi cÖvß
Ki‡j, n¯ÍvšÍ i MÖÖnxZv AvBbm½Z †Kvb
AwaKvi ev ¯^Z¡ n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡j Ges
¯^Z ¡ ev gvwjKvbv jvf Ki‡e bv|
n¯ÍvšÍiMÖnxZv mij wek¦v‡mi Zv MÖnY
Ki‡j, †m êa ¯^Z¡ jvf Ki‡e|
6. evaëvaKZv GB m¤§wZ AvBbMZ ejer‡hvM¨ bq e‡j evwZ‡ji AwaKvi cÖvß c¶ Bnv cvj‡b
†Kvb c‡¶iB Bnv cvj‡b evaëvaKZv eva¨ hw` evwZj bv K‡i|
_v‡K bv|
7. iƒcvš—i GB m¤§wZ ïiy‡ZB evwZj, ZvB G‡K Pzw³ ïiy‡ZB evwZj bq| AwaKvi cÖvß ev
ejv hvq bv| ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ ïay evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Ab¨_vq êa Pzw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
8. ‰eaZv Giƒc m¤§wZ KL‡bvB êa Pzw³ n‡Z cv‡i evwZj e‡j †NvwlZ cevi c~e© ch©šÍ êa
bv| Pzw³i iƒc jvf K‡i|
9. evwZj ïiy‡ZB evwZj e‡j, cybt evwZj †NvlYvi ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ B‡”Q Ki‡j GB Pzw³‡K
†NvlYv Avek¨KZv †bB| evwZj e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
10. DcKvi Pzw³ evwZj ev A‰ea n‡j Ges Zv Øviv GB Pzw³ Øviv †Kvb c¶ DcKvi ev
cÖZ¨vc©b †Kvb c¶ DcK…Z n‡j Aci c¶ Zv myweav †c‡j evwZj †NvlYvi ci Zv
†dir cvq bv| †dir cvq|
(L) evwZj I A‰ea m¤§wZ ev Pzw³i cv_©K¨ (Distinction between void & illegal agreement) t
µg evwZj A‰ea
1. msÁv ‡h me m¤§wZ AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer Kiv ‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvB‡b A‰ea e‡j
hvq bv Zv‡K evwZj m¤§wZ e‡j| †NvwlZ Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi †Kvb m¤§wZ
†`qv n‡j Zv ïiy †_‡K evwZj Ges
Giƒc m¤§wZB A‰ea m¤§wZ|
2. ‰eaZv evwZj m¤§wZ A‰ea bvI n‡Z cv‡i| A‰ea m¤§wZ ïiy n‡ZB evwZj| GB
†hgb - m¤§wZ‡Z wbðqZvi Afv‡e m¤§wZ m¤§wZ †dŠR`vix AvB‡biI cwicš’x|
evwZj n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zv A‰ea bq|
3. cÖvmw½K I evwZj m¤§wZi g~j Ask evwZj n‡jI †Kvb A‰ea m¤§wZi g~j Ask A‰ea
Avbylw½K Bnvi cÖvmw½K I Avbylw½K Ab¨vb¨ m¤§wZ n‡j Bnvi cÖvmw½K I Avbylw½K
m¤§wZ êa n‡Z cv‡i| m¤§wZI A‰ea n‡e|
‡hgb t
(K) Rwmg‡K Lyb Kivi Rb¨ †mwjg Wvwjg‡K wb‡qvM Kij| nZ¨vi cÖwZ`vb 5000 UvKv †mwjg Kwi‡gi
†_‡K avi K‡i| G‡¶‡Î Wvwj‡gi mv‡_ †mwj‡gi m¤§wZ A‰ea| UvKv av‡ii D‡Ïk¨ Kwig Rvb‡j Zv
n‡e cÖ_g m¤§wZi Avbylw½K ev mvnvh¨Kvix| d‡j †m H UvKv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| bv Rvb‡j Zv
Avbylw½K bq Ges Pzw³ êa| UvKv Av`vq‡hvM¨|
(L) ÔKÕ evRx aivi Rb¨ ÔLÕ -i wbKU †_‡K 1000 UvKv avi †bq| evRx aivi m¤§wZ evwZj, wKš‘ A‰ea
bq| UvKv avi †bqv cÖ_g m¤§wZ (evRx aivi) Avbylw½K Ges ÔLÕ H D‡Ïk¨ Rvb‡jI Zv êa e‡j MY¨
n‡e|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
evRx aivi Pzw³ (Agreement of wagering) t fwel¨‡Z †Kvb NUbv NUv ev bv NUv wel‡q m¤ú~Y© wbwðZ
g‡b K‡i GK e¨w³ Aci e¨w³‡K †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú`/A_© †`qvi m¤§wZ‡K evRx aivq Pzw³ e‡j|
G‡¶‡Î GKc¶ nvi‡e, Acic¶ wRZ‡e| evRx Pzw³i `yÕwU êwkó¨ n‡jv t `yÕc¶ fwel¨Z NUbv wbwðZ
g‡b K‡i m¤§wZe× nq Ges GKc¶ nvi‡e, Aci c¶ wRZ‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 30 aviv g‡Z evRx
Pzw³/m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j Aci c¶‡K Zv cvj‡b eva¨ Ki‡Z gvgjv Kiv hvq bv|
exgv Pzw³ (Contract of insurance) t wbw`©ó †Kvb NUbv NUbvi d‡j GK c‡¶ ¶wZ n‡j Aci c¶
KZ©„K wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖywZB exgv Pzw³| ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Zvi ¶wZi wecix‡Z ¶wZc~iYKvix‡K
wbw`©ó wcÖwgqvg cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| exgv Pzw³ AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z Kj¨vYKi, êa Ges ejer‡hvM¨|
evRx Pzw³ I exgv Pzw³i cv_©K¨ (Differences between wagering contract & contract of
insurance)
µg evRx Pzw³ exgv Pzw³
1. exg‡hvM¨ GB Pzw³‡Z exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _vKv GB †¶‡Î `yB c‡¶iB ci¯úi ¯^v_©
¯^v_© Avek¨Kxq bq| we`¨gvb _v‡K|
2. SuywK GB Pzw³‡Z `yB c‡¶i SzuwK eZ©gvb GB †¶‡Î exgvKvixi `vwqZ¡ n‡jv exgv
_v‡K| MÖnxZvi SzuwK enb Kiv|
3. cÖwZ`vb GB m¤§wZ‡Z †Kvb cÖwZ`vb †bB| GB Pzw³‡Z cÖwZ`vb _v‡K hv wcÖwgqvg
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
4. Pzw³i cÖK…wZ evRx Pzw³ n‡jv Awek¦vm I duvwK evwRi exgv Pzw³ n‡jv P~ovšÍ mwØk¦v‡mi Pzw³|
Pzw³|
5. D‡Ïk¨ GB m¤§wZi D‡Ïk¨ Ryqv †Ljv| †Kvb GB Pzw³i D‡Ïk¨ exgvMÖnxZvi ¯^v_©
c‡¶i ¯^v_© i¶v bq| i¶v Kiv|
6. Kj¨vYKvwgZv GB m¤§wZi Øviv mvwe©Kfv‡e RbM‡Yi †Kvb GB Pzw³ RbwnZKi Ges AvB‡bi
Kj¨vY †bB| AvBbZ A‰ea I evwZj e‡j †Pv‡L m¤ú~Y© êa|
MY¨|
7. A_© cwi‡kva GB †¶‡Î ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i wKw¯Í‡Z A_© GB Pzw³‡Z exgv wcÖwgqvg wba©viY Kiv
cÖ`v‡bi †Kvb wewa-weavb _v‡K bv| nq Ges Zv Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK wKw¯—‡Z
cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq|
8. êÁvwbK evRx m¤ú~Y© A‰eÁvwbK| GLv‡b †Kvb m¤ú~Y© ‰eÁvwbK wfwËi Dci wbf©i
wfwË êÁvwbK wfwË eëüZ nq bv| K‡i GB Pzw³ MwVZ nq|
eëmvq AvBb
cvV ms‡¶c
1872 mv‡ji Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2 (R) aviv g‡Z - AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer†hvM¨ m¤§wZ‡K êa Pzw³ e‡j| Pzw³
AvB‡bi 2 (Q) aviv g‡Z - †h mKj m¤§wZ AvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ejer Kiv hvq bv, Zv‡K evwZj m¤§wZ ejv
nq| Giƒc m¤§wZ ïiy n‡ZB evwZj e‡j c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb `vq m„wó K‡i bv|
Pzw³ AvBb Abyhvqx †h mKj m¤§wZ¸‡jv ïiy‡ZB evwZj e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq Zv wbgœiƒc -
1. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A‡hvM¨ e¨w³ Øviv Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j| †hgb- bvevjK, cvMj, †`Dwjqv (11 aviv);
2. Pzw³i g~j welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Dfqc‡¶i fyj n‡j (20 aviv);
3. A‰ea cÖwZ`vb I D‡Ïk¨ m¤^wjZ m¤§wZ (23 aviv);
4. m¤§wZi D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖwZ`v‡bi Ask we‡kl A‰ea n‡j (25 aviv);
5. KwZcq e¨wZµg Qvov cÖwZ`vbnxb m¤§wZ (25 aviv);
6. bvevjK b‡n Giƒc †Kvb e¨w³i weev‡ni Dci cÖwZeÜKZv m„wóKvix m¤§wZ (26 aviv);
7. AvBbm½Z †ckv ev eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wóKvix (27 aviv);
8. evRx aivi Pz&w³ (30 aviv);
9. AwbwðZ I Awbw`©ó m¤§wZ (29 aviv);
10. e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvq cÖwZeÜKZv m„wóKvix m¤§wZ;
11. Am¤¢e Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Pzw³ (56 aviv); Ges
12. Pzw³ m¤úv`bKv‡j cvjb‡hvM¨ n‡jI cieZ©x NUbv ev cÖewZ©Z bZzb AvBb ejer nevi Kvi‡Y D³
m¤§wZ evwZj n‡Z cv‡i (2 T)|
¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i B‡”Q Abymv‡i †h Pzw³ evwZj Kiv hvq Zv‡K evwZj‡hvM¨ Pzw³ e‡j| ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ hZ¶Y
Pzw³wU evwZj e‡j MY¨ bv K‡i, ZZ¶Y Bnv êa m¤§wZ e‡j MY¨ Ges mswkøó c¶ Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨|
AvBb ïay ¶wZMÖ¯’ GK ev GKvwaK c¶‡K Pzw³ evwZj Kivi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i| ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Pzw³
evwZj Ki‡Z eva¨ bq| Bnv Zvi m¤ú~Y© B”Qvaxb| B”QzK n‡j wbw`©ó ev hyyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zv Ki‡Z
n‡e| Pzw³i Aci c¶ ev c¶MY me©`vB Pzw³ cvj‡b eva¨| ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ hw` Pzw³wU †g‡b †bq A_ev
hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ Pzw³ Gov‡bvi AwaKvi cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv (Capacity to Contract)
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b †hvM¨ e¨w³‡ì m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv Kx?

‰ea Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`vb n‡jv Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv A_©vr hviv Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡e Zv‡ì Bnv
m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z n‡e| `yB c‡¶iB Pzw³ m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv bv _vK‡j Pzw³ êa n‡e bv|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 11 aviv g‡Z- cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ -
1) hw` wZwb ‡hB AvB‡bi Aaxb †mB AvBb Abymv‡i cÖvß eq¯‹ nb;
2) my¯’ g‡bi AwaKvix nb; Ges
3) wZwb †h AvB‡bi Aaxb †mB AvBb Øviv A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ bv nb| A_©vr wb‡gœi 3wU ‰ewkó¨ hvi g‡a¨
_vK‡e wZwbB Pzw³ m¤úv`b‡hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡eb -
1) wZwb hw` cÖvß eq¯‹ nb;
2) wZwb hw` my¯’ gw¯Í®‹m¤úbœ nb; Ges
3) wZwb †h AvB‡bi Aaxb †mB AvBb Abyhvqx Pzw³ m¤úv`b‡hvM¨ nb|
bvevjK/wkï/AcÖvß eq¯‹ e¨w³i Pzw³ (Contracts by Minors) t Avgv‡ì †`‡k ejer‡hvM¨ 1875
mv‡ji Majority Act ev mvevjKZ¡ AvB‡bi 3 aviv g‡Z 18 ermi c~Y© n‡jB evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vqxfv‡e
emevmKvix e¨w³ mvevjK e‡j MY¨ n‡e| A_©vr 18 ermi c~Y© bv nIqv ch©šÍ †m bvevjK|
e¨wZµg t GB wbq‡gi 2wU e¨wZµg i‡q‡Q -
K. bvevjK ev Zvi m¤úwËi ZË¡veav‡bi fvi Av`vjZ KZ©„K †Kvb Awffve‡Ki Dci Awc©Z n‡j; Ges
L. †KvU© Ae IqvW©m t Av`vjZ KZ©„K cÖwZcvwjZ bvevj‡Ki m¤úwË ZË¡veavb ev cwiPvjbvi fvi
M„nxZ n‡j|
GB `yB †¶‡Î 18 bq 21 ermi c~iY n‡j bvevjK mvevjK e‡j MY¨ n‡e| e„‡U‡b 1969 mvj n‡Z
cÖewZ©Z bZzb AvBb Abyhvqx †Kvb e¨w³i 18 ermi c~Y© n‡jB †m mvevjK e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb (The law relating to minor’s contract) t bvevj‡Ki
Pzw³/m¤§Z m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb¸‡jv wbgœiƒc -
1. bvevjK Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A‡hvM¨
2. bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ ïiy n‡ZB evwZj
3. bvevj‡Ki cÖvß myweav ejer‡hvM¨
4. AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieiv‡n bvevj‡Ki `vq
eëmvq AvBb
5. bvevjK A_© †dir`v‡b eva¨ bq

6. bvevjK cÖwZwbwa n‡Z cv‡i
7. bvevjK Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv
8. ‡`Dwjqv †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv
9. bvevj‡Ki c‡¶ Awffve‡Ki Pzw³ ejer‡hvM¨
10. Abymg_©‡b Pzw³ nq bv
11. ¯^xq AvPiY m„ó cÖwZeÜKZvi bxwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq
12. bvevj‡Ki †Kv¤úvwb m`m¨ c`
13. Awffve‡Ki PvKzwi m¤úwK©Z Pzw³
14. ‡hŠ_ Pzw³‡Z bvevjK `vqx bq
15. bvevjK n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨ `wjj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i; Ges
16. wbw`©ó Pzw³ cvj‡bi Av‡`k nq bv|
wb‡gœ G¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv -
1. bvevjK Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A‡hvM¨ (Minor is incapable of entering in to a contract) t Pzw³
AvB‡bi 11 aviv g‡Z bvevjK Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi A‡hvM¨| ZvB bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ êa bq| ZvQvov
bvevjK KL‡bv †Kvb Pzw³ Øviv wb‡R `vqe× nq bv|
2. bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ ïiy n‡ZB evwZj (Contract of minors void ab initio) t bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ êa
bq| ZvB ‡m †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡jI Zv ïiy n‡ZB evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| KviY †m cwiYZ
eyw×gvb bq Ges wb‡Ri fvj-g›` eyS‡Z A¶g|
Mohori Bibi vs. Dharmadas Ghosh (1903) 301.A.114 bvgK gvgjvi K_v D‡jøK Kiv hvq-
GB gvgjvq GKRb bvevjK 20,000 UvKvq m¤úwË eÜK †i‡L 8,000 UvKv MÖnY K‡i Ges c‡i evwZj
†NvlYvi Rb¨ gvgjv K‡i| g‡nvix wewe UvKv †dir Pvq| Av`vjZ e‡j bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ ïiy‡ZB evwZj e‡j
‡m UvKv †dir cv‡e bv|
3. bvevj‡Ki cÖvß myweav ejer‡hvM¨ (Benefit of the minor is enforceble) t Pzw³ AvBb g‡Z
bvevjK Pzw³ cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv n‡Z cv‡i| Pzw³ Abyhvqx †m †Kvb my‡hvM-myweav †c‡j Zv Av`v‡qi Rb¨
Aci c‡¶i weiy‡× gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv hv‡e| Avevi bvevj‡Ki c‡¶ - †Kvb n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj ev
eÜK ev weµq m¤úvw`Z n‡j †m AvBb Øviv Zv ejer Ki‡Z cvi‡e| e„wUk AvBb Abyhvqx -
bvevj‡Ki ¯^v‡_©i AbyK~‡j mKj Pzw³B êa| †hgb wk¶v, PvKzwi, A_©-DcvR©b BZ¨vw`|
4. AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieiv‡n bvevj‡Ki `vq (Liability of monor for supplying
necessaries) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 68 aviv g‡Z bvevjK ev †m hv‡ì jvjb-cvjb AvBbZ eva¨ Zv‡ì
†Kn AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieivn Ki‡j Zvi b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cÖ`v‡b bvevj‡Ki m¤úwË `vqx _v‡K|
Avek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` t Bnv bvevj‡Ki c` gh©v`v, mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb I cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K w¯’i
n‡e| mieivnKvix hyw³m½Z ev b¨vh¨vg~j¨ cv‡e, bvevjK ¯^xK…Z g~j¨ bq| Bnv cwi‡kv‡a †m
e¨w³MZfv‡e `vqx bq| Zvi m¤úwË `vqx gvÎ| ‡hgb - Lvevi mieivnKvix, bvevjK ev Zvi †ev‡bi
we‡q, Zv bvevjK c‡¶ gvgjv cwiPvjbv e¨q, †klK…Z mvab e¨q BZ¨vw` Avek¨Kxq e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡q
_v‡K|
5. bvevj‡Ki A_© ‡dir`v‡b eva¨ bq (Minor not bound to return money) t bvevj‡Ki Pzw³
evwZj e‡j H evwZj Pzw³ †_‡K bvevjK hw` †Kvb DcKvi, my‡hvM-myweav I A_© †c‡q _v‡K Z‡e,
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Zv‡K ¶wZc~i‡Y ev A_© †dir `v‡b eva¨ Kiv hvq bv| GB †¶‡Î Pzw³ AvB‡bi 64 I 65 Øviv Kvh©Ki
n‡e bv|
6. bvevjK cÖwZwbwa n‡Z cv‡i (Minor can be an agent) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 184 aviv g‡Z bvevjK
cÖwZwbwa wbhy³ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ cÖwZwbwa wbhyw³i Pzw³ Øviv †m wbhy³Kvix ev 3q c‡¶i wbKU `vqe×
n‡e bv|
7. bvevjK Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv (Minor cannot be a partner) t Askx`vix AvB‡bi 30 aviv
g‡Z bvevjK Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv ev Askx`vix Pzw³‡Z Ave× n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e, mKj
Askx`v‡ii m¤§wZµ‡g †m Askx`vixi mKj my‡hvM myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
8. †`Dwjqv †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv (Cannot be declared an insolvent) t †`Dwjqv AvBb Abyhvqx
Zv‡K KL‡bv †`Dwjqv †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e Askx`vix Kviev‡i Zvi g~jab ev ¯^v_© ch©šÍ `vqe×
n‡Z cv‡i|
9. bvevj‡Ki c‡¶ Awffve‡Ki Pzw³ ejer‡hvM¨ (Guardians contract on behalf a minor is
enforceable) t bvevj‡Ki c‡¶ Zvi AwffveK ev ZË¡veavq‡Ki Pzw³ ejer‡hvM¨ n‡e| Z‡e 2wU
kZ© _vK‡Z n‡e-
K) AwffveK‡K Zvi AwaKv‡ii mxgvi g‡a¨ †_‡K Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e|
L) D³ Pzw³ bvevj‡Ki AbyK~‡j ev AvBbMZ Kvi‡Y n‡Z n‡e|
Awffve‡Ki AwaKv‡ii mxgv t Awffv‡Ki AwaKv‡ii mxgv KZUzKz n‡e Zv bvevj‡Ki e¨w³MZ AvBb,
AwffveK I cÖwZcvj¨ AvB‡b mywbw`©ófv‡e †`qv Av‡Q|
10. Abymg_©‡b Pzw³ nq bv (Contract may not be made by ratification) t bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ ïiy
n‡ZB evwZj e‡j bvevjKKvjxb mg‡qi †Kvb Pzw³i mg_©‡b cÖvß eq¯‹ n‡q Zv‡K êa Pzw³‡Z iƒcvš—
i Kiv hv‡e bv| bZzb K‡i Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e|
11. ¯^xq AvPiY-m„ó cÖwZeÜKZvi bxwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq (The principle of estoppel is not
applicable) t ‡Kvb bvevjK mvevjK e‡j wg_¨v cwiPq w`‡q Kv‡iv mv‡_ †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡j
cieZ©x Kv‡j Avwg mvevjK bB bvevjK GB K_v e‡j Ges hyw³ cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^xq ¯^v_© msi¶Y
Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zv‡K Pzw³ cvj‡b eva¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|
mv‡`K Avjx Lvb ebvg Rq wK‡kvi Air (1928) P.C. 162 Ges R. Leslie Ltd vs. Sheill (1914)3K.B
607 gvgjvi ivq D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zv‡Z ejv nq - bvevjK mvevj‡Ki wg_¨v cwiPq w`‡q †Kvb FY MÖnY
Kiv‡bv I Zvi weiy‡× RyqvPzwii Awf‡hvM G‡b Zv‡K ¶wZc~i‡Y eva¨ Kiv hvq bv ev b¨vq bxwZi hyw³
w`‡q H A_© †dir `v‡b eva¨ Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ Khan Gul vs. Lakha Singh (1928) 9 Lah 701
gvgjvq ejv n‡q‡Q - Ab¨‡K cÖZviYv Kivi AwaKivi bvevj‡Ki †bB| ZvB cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a ¶wZc~i‡Yi
wb‡`©k †`qv hvq|
12. bvevj‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨c` (Minor as the shareholder of a Company) t bvevjK †Kvs
m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e cwi‡gj wbqgvejx‡Z G m¤ú‡K© my¯úó weavb _vK‡Z n‡e|
13. Awffve‡Ki PvKzwi m¤úwK©Z Pzw³ (Guardia`s contract relating to service) t AwffveK
bvevj‡Ki PvKzwi m¤úwK©Z Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Giƒc Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨|
14. †hŠ_ Pzw³‡Z bvevjK `vqx bq (Minor is not liable in a joint contract) t mvevjK‡ì mv‡_
bvevjK †hŠ_ fv‡e †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡j H Pzw³‡Z mvevjKMYB `vqx| bvevjK `vqx n‡e bv|
15. bvevjK n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i (Minor can draw negoliable instruments) t
1881 mv‡ji n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvB‡bi 26 aviv g‡Z - bvevj‡Ki n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj (†PK. wej)
m¤úv`b I c„ôvsKb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Zv Ac©Y ev n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g †m Aci c¶‡K `vqe× Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| wb‡R `vqe× n‡e bv|
17. wbw`©ó Kvh©cvj‡bi Av‡`k cÖ‡hvR¨ bq (Specific performance of a contract is not
applicable) t bvevjK m¤úvw`Z ev M„nxZ Pzw³ ïiy‡ZB evwZj| ZvB Aci c¶ m¤§wZ Abyhvqx wbw`©ó
Kvh© cvj‡b bvevjK‡K eva¨ Ki‡Z ev gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
eëmvq AvBb
weevwnZ gwnjvi Pzw³ (Contract by Married Women) t weevwnZ gwnjviv Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b cyiy‡li
b¨vq mgvb AwaKvi cv‡e| Z‡e Zv‡K mvevwjKv, gvbwmKfv‡e my¯’ n‡Z n‡e| AZ¨vekxq `ªe¨vw` msMÖ‡ni
Rb¨ ¯^vgxi m¤úwË `vqe× K‡i Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e (e„‡U‡bI ZvB)| G‡¶‡Î †m ¯^vgxi cÖwZwbwa|
AZ¨vek¨Kxq cY¨ Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Pzw³i Rb¨ ¯^vgxi m¤úwË `vqe× n‡e bv| KviY weevwnZv ¯¿x †jv‡Ki
m¤úvw`Z †h †Kvb Pzw³i Rb¨ ¯^vgx `vqe× b‡n| †hgb -ÔKÕ Gi ¯¿x wKQz Lv`¨ mvgMÖx Ges wKQz Mnbv
wKwbj ÔKÕ Gi AbygwZ Qvov| Mnbvi g~j¨ eve` ¯^vgx `vqx bq ev Zvi m¤úwË `vqx bq|
cvV ms‡¶c
‰ea Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`vb n‡jv Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv A_©vr hviv m¤úv`b Ki‡e Zv‡ì m¤úv`b
†hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z n‡e| `yB c‡¶i Pzw³ m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv bv _vK‡j Pzw³ êa n‡e bv|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 11 aviv g‡Z- cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨ -
1. hw` wZwb ‡hB AvB‡bi Aaxb †mB AvBb Abymv‡i cÖvß eq¯‹ nb;
2. my¯’ g‡bi AwaKvix nb; Ges
3. wZwb †h AvB‡bi Aaxb †mB AvBb Øviv A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ bv nb|
Avgv‡ì †`‡k ejer‡hvM¨ 1875 mv‡ji Majority Act ev mvevjKZ¡ AvB‡bi 3 aviv g‡Z 18 ermi c~Y©
n‡jB evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vqxfv‡e emevmKvix e¨w³ mvevjK e‡j MY¨ n‡e| A_©vr 18 ermi c~Y© bv nIqv ch©šÍ
†m bvevjK|
bvevj‡Ki Pzw³/m¤§Z m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb¸‡jv wbgœiƒc -
1. bvevjK Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A‡hvM¨
2. bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ ïiy n‡ZB evwZj
3. bvevj‡Ki cÖvß myweav ejer‡hvM¨
4. AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieiv‡n bvevj‡Ki `vq
5. bvevjK A_© †dir`v‡b eva¨ bq
6. bvevjK cÖwZwbwa n‡Z cv‡i
7. bvevjK Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv
8. ‡`Dwjqv †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv
9. bvevj‡Ki c‡¶ Awffve‡Ki Pzw³ ejer‡hvM¨
10. Abymg_©‡b Pzw³ nq bv
11. ¯^xq AvPiY m„ó cÖwZeÜKZvi bxwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq
12. bvevj‡Ki †Kv¤úvwb m`m¨ c`
13. Awffve‡Ki PvKzwi m¤úwK©Z Pzw³
14. ‡hŠ_ Pzw³‡Z bvevjK `vqx bq
15. bvevjK n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i; Ges
16. wbw`©ó Pzw³ cvj‡bi Av‡`k nq bv|
weevwnZ gwnjviv AZ¨vekxq `ªe¨vw` msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ ¯^vgxi m¤úwË `vqe× K‡i Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
G‡¶‡Î †m ¯^vgxi cÖwZwbwa| AZ¨vek¨Kxq cY¨ Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Pzw³i Rb¨ ¯^vgxi m¤úwË `vqe× n‡e bv|
KviY weevwnZv ¯¿x †jv‡Ki m¤úvw`Z †h †Kvb Pzw³i Rb¨ ¯^vgx `vqe× b‡n|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
¯^vaxb mvq/m¤§wZ (Free Consent)
D‡Ïk¨
†¯^”Qv ev ¯^vaxb mvq m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
ej cÖ‡qvM, Bnvi †¶Î I cwiYvg
AbywPZ cÖfve, †¶Î, cÖgv‡Yi fve, cwiYvg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
ejcÖ‡qvM I AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
cÖZviYv, cÖZviYvi Dcv`vb, cwiYvg, cÖwZKvi, bxieZv Kx BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
wg_¨v eY©bv, Dcv`vb, wg_¨v eY©bv I cÖZviYvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
fyj, fy‡ji †kªYx wefvM, AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj, fyj wK iƒ‡c êaZv‡K e¨vnZ K‡i, fy‡ji cwiYvg m¤ú‡K©
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mvq/m¤§wZ ej‡Z GKvwaK c‡¶i g‡a¨ †Kvb wKQz Kiv ev bv Kiv wel‡q g‡Zi wgj‡K eySvq|
‡¯^”Qvmvq t mvq/m¤§wZ hw` ¯^vaxbfv‡e ev Ab¨vq cÖfve Qvov nq Z‡e Zv‡K †¯^”Qvmvq e‡j|
‡¯^”Qvmvq/¯^vaxb mvq êa Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 13 avivq mvq Ges 14 avivq †¯^”Qvmvq
m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
13 aviv g‡Z mvq/m¤§wZ t ÔhLb `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ GKB wel‡q GKB A‡_© GKgZ nqÕ ZLb Zv‡ì
mvq cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q e‡j aiv nq| myZivs mswkøó `yÕwU c‡¶i GKB wel‡q GKB A‡_© GKgZ nIqv Av‡qi
Rb¨ Acwinvh©|
14 aviv g‡Z †¯^”Qvmvq (Free consent) t ej cÖ‡qvM, AbywPZ cÖfve, wg_¨v eY©bv, cÖZviYv ev fy‡ji
ekeZ©x bv n‡q mvq cÖ`Ë n‡j Zv‡K ‡¯^”Qvmvq e‡j|
‡Kvb m¤§wZ‡Z †¯^”Qvmvq bv _vK‡j Zv evwZj‡hvM¨ Pzw³ e‡j MY¨ nq Ges hvi mvq Ab¨vq cÖfv‡ei Øviv
Av`vq Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi B”Qv Abymv‡i Pzw³ evwZj n‡q _v‡K| Aek¨ fy‡ji Kvi‡Y Pzw³ mivmwi evwZj
n‡Z cv‡i| Gevi Avmyb Avgiv 14 avivi Dcv`vb¸‡jv wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kwi t-
1. ejcÖ‡qvM (Coercion)
2. AbywPZ cÖfve (Undue unfluence)
3. cÖZviYv (Fraud)
4. wg_¨v eY©bv (Misrepresentation)
5. fyj (Mistake)
1. ej cÖ‡qvM (Coercion) t mnR K_vq ‡Rvic~e©K ev kw³ cÖ‡qvM Øviv Kv‡iv mvq Av`vq Kiv n‡j Zv‡K
ej cÖ‡qv‡M AwR©Z m¤§wZ e‡j| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 15 avivq ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q †Kvb e¨w³‡K
†Kvb m¤§wZ‡Z ivRx Kiv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa Øviv wbwl× †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b ev Dnv m¤úv`‡bi
Rb¨ fxwZ cÖ`k©b A_ev †Kvb e¨w³i ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK~‡j †Kvb m¤úwË A‰eafv‡e AvUK ev AvUK Kivi
cÖ`k©b‡K ejcÖ‡qvM e‡j|
eëmvq AvBb
GB avivi e¨vL¨vq Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †hLv‡b ej cÖ‡qvM n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b evsjv‡`k `Êwewa AvBb ejer
wQj wKbv Zv Aevš—i|
GB msÁvq ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi wKQz Dcv`vb j¶¨ Kiv hvq t
1. evsjv‡`k †dŠR`vix `Ûwewa Øviv wbwl× †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b ej cÖ‡qvM wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i|
2. `Ûwewa AvBb Øviv wbwl× Kvh©B ïay b‡n Bnvi fxwZ cÖ`k©b I ejcÖ‡qvM|
3. A‰eafv‡e m¤§wZ Av`v‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kv‡iv ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK~‡j m¤úwË AvUK ivLvI ej cÖ‡qvM|
4. GKB fv‡e Pvc m„wói j‡¶¨ m¤úwË AvUK ivLvi fxwZ cÖ`k©bI ej cÖ‡qvM|
5. Giƒc ejcÖ‡qvM †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©‡K †Kvb Pzw³‡Z ivRx Kiv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv n‡e|
6. ej cÖ‡qvM Pzw³fy³ c¶ ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv Dci n‡Z cv‡i|
7. ej cÖ‡qvM †Kv_vq n‡qwQj ev †mLv‡b evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa Kvh©Ki wQj wKbv Zv gyL¨ bq, ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi
Øviv mvq Av`vqK…Z wKbv ZvB gyL¨|
KwZcq †¶Î Ges ej cÖ‡qvM (Some spheres / field & coercion) t

1. D”Pg~j¨ ev D”P nv‡i my` (High Price & High rate of interest) t D”Pg~j¨ ev D”P nv‡i my`
`vwe Kiv evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa Øviv wbwl× Kvh© e‡j we‡ewPZ nq bv| ZvB GUv AvBbZ ej cÖ‡qvM e‡j
MY¨ nq bv|
2. AvB‡bi fxwZ cÖ`k©b (Threat to statutory compulsion) t Kv‡iv weiÛ‡× gvgjv Kivi fxwZ
cÖ`k©b AvBbZtej cÖ‡qvM bq| AvB‡bi Øviv eva¨ Kiv n‡e Giƒc e³e¨ KL‡bvB ej cÖ‡qvM bq|
3. AvZ¥nZ¨vi fxwZ cÖ`k©b (Threat to commit suicide) t AvZ¥nZ¨vi fxwZ cÖ`k©b Øviv A‡bK mgq
m¤§wZ Av`vq Kiv hvq| AvZ¥nZ¨v †h‡nZz `Û‡hvM¨ Aciva bq| ZvB Gi fxwZ cÖ`k©bI ejcÖ‡qvM
bq| Z‡e G wel‡q wØgZ i‡q‡Q|
ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwiYvg (Consequence of coercion) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 19 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q - ej
cÖ‡qv‡Mi Øviv mvq Av`vq Kiv n‡j hvi Dci ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi B”Qvbymv‡i Pyw³ evwZj‡hvM¨
n‡e| A_©vr †m evwZj Ki‡Z cvi‡e ev MÖnY K‡i Aci c¶‡K cvj‡b eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2. AbywPZ cÖfve (Undue unfluence) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 16(1) aviv g‡Z †hLv‡b Pzw³ mswkøó c¶¸wji
g‡a¨ Ggb m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K †h, GK c¶ Aci c‡¶i B”Qvi Dci cÖfyZ¡ we¯—vi Ki‡Z mg_© nq
Ges †mLv‡b Aci c‡¶i wbKU n‡Z Ab¨vq myweav MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †mB m¤ú‡K©i cÖ‡qvM nq| †m‡¶‡Î
D³ Pzw³‡K AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei Øviv m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ e‡j|
AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei †¶‡Î (Field /position of undue unfluence) t 16(2) aviv g‡Z wb‡gœv³ 2wU
†¶‡Î GK e¨w³ Ab¨ e¨w³i B”Qvi Dci cÖfyZ¡ we¯Ív‡i m¶g e‡j aiv nqt-
1. hLb Pzw³i GK c‡¶i Dci Aci c‡¶i †Kvb cÖK…Z AvcvZZ (Real or opparent) KZ©„Z¡ we`¨gvb
_v‡K A_ev hLb c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb wek¦v‡mi m¤úK© Av‡Q e‡j aiv nq| †hgb wcZv-gvZv-mšÍvb,
AwffveK-wkl¨, cxi-gyix` BZ¨vwì g‡a¨ Giƒc m¤úK© Av‡Q e‡j Av`vjZ a‡i wb‡e [16 (2K)
aviv]|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
2. Pzw³fy³ c‡¶i gvbwmK kw³ hw` eva©K¨, Amy¯’Zv A_ev kvixwiK ev gvbwmK †K¬kekZ mvgwqK ev
wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ n«vm †c‡q _v‡K [16 (2L) aviv]||
AbywPZ cÖfve cÖgv‡Yi fve (Burden of proving undue unfluence) t 16(3) aviv g‡Z Av`vjZ
hw` g‡b K‡i Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb c‡¶i, Aci c‡¶i B”Qvi Dci cÖfyZ¡ Kivi g‡Zv m¤úK©
we`¨gvb Ges †jb‡`bwU we‡klfv‡e A‡hŠw³K| Z‡e cÖfyZ¡ we¯—v‡i m¶g e¨w³‡KB AbywPZ cÖfve LvUv‡bv
nq bvB- GUv cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e|
wb‡gœv³ †¶‡Î AbywPZ cÖfve †bB e‡j aiv nq -
1. weev‡ni cÖwZkÖywZe× cyiyl-gwnjv
2. ¯^vgx I ¯¿x
3. gvwjK-fvovwUqv
4. cvIbv`vi-‡`bv`vi
5. wb‡qvM KZ©v-Kwg©
6. e¨vsKvi I g‡°j
Gme †¶‡Î Awf‡hvM Avm‡j Awf‡hvMKvix‡KB cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Zvi Dci AbywôZ cÖfve LvUv‡bv
n‡q‡Q|
wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei Aw¯—Z¡ m‡›`n Kiv nq -
1. hw` cÖwZ`vb Ach©vß nq;
2. hw` Pzw³i Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ wek¦v‡mi m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K;
3. hw` `ye©j c‡¶i Rb¨ wbi‡c¶ Dc‡`óv bv _v‡K;
4. hw` Pzw³fy³ Dfq c‡¶i eqm, eyw× I mvgvwRK cÖwZcwË‡K we‡kl cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K; Ges
5. hw` bxwZ‡eva ewnf©~Z Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq|
Awf‡hvM LÛb (Rebuttal) t Awf‡hvM DÌvwcZ n‡j wb‡gœv³ welq cÖgvY mv‡c‡¶ Awf‡hvM LÛb Kiv
hvq -
1. cÖwZ`vb ch©vß wQj;
2. Pzw³ m¤úwK©Z ¸iyZ¡c~Y© mKj Z_¨B cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q; Ges
3. D³ Pzw³i Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯’ e‡j Kw_Z c‡¶i ¯^vaxb AvBb Dc‡`óv wQj|
AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei cwiYvg (Consequence of undue unfluence) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 19(K) aviv g‡Z
hvi Dci AbywôZ cÖfve LvUv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zvi B”Qvbymv‡i Pzw³ evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e| †m B‡”Q Ki‡j evwZj bv
K‡i MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Aci c¶‡K Zv cvj‡b eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ej cÖ‡qvM I AbywôZ cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ (Difference between coercion & undue unfluece) t
ej cÖ‡qvM I AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei Øviv Pzw³fy³ †h †Kvb 1wU c‡¶i mvq cÖfvweZ nq| d‡j Pzw³ evwZj‡hvM¨
I ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i B”Qvbymv‡i Pzw³ evwZj nq| Df‡qi g‡a¨ †ek wKQz wgj _vK‡jI A‡bK cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q t
eëmvq AvBb
ej cÖ‡qvM AbywPZ cÖfve

1 msÁv ‡Kvb e¨w³‡K †Kvb m¤§vwb‡Z ivRx Kiv‡bvi †h †¶‡Î Pzw³ mswkøó c¶¸‡jvi g‡a¨
D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa Øviv wbwl× †Kvb Ggb m¤úK© we`¨gvb †h, GK c¶ Aci
Kvh© m¤úv`b ev Dnv m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ fxwZ c‡¶i B”Qvi Dci cÖfyZ¡ we¯—vi Ki‡Z
cÖ`k©b ev †Kvb e¨w³ ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK~‡j †Kvb
mg_© nq Ges †mLv‡b Aci c‡¶i wbKU
m¤úwË A‰eafv‡e AvUK ivLv ev ivLvi n‡Z Ab¨vq myweav MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †mB
fxwZ cÖ`k©b‡K ejcÖ‡qvM e‡j| m¤ú‡K©i cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, †m‡¶‡Î D³
Pzw³‡K AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei Øviv m¤úvw`Z
Pzw³ e‡j|
2 cÖfve evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa Øviv wbwl× Kvh© Kiv ev we‡kl m¤úK© _v‡K c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ Ges Zv
m„wói Kivi fxwZ cÖ`k©b Kiv A_ev m¤úwË AvUK Øviv cÖfyZ¡ we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡g Aci c‡¶i
cÖK…wZ ivLv ev ivLvi fxwZ cÖ`k©b Øviv B”Qv‡K B”Qv‡K cÖfvweZ Kiv nq|
cÖfvweZ Kiv nq
3 kvixwiK kvixwiK ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi Øviv ev Dnvi fxwZ G‡¶‡Î gvbwmK Pv‡ci gva¨‡g B”Qv‡K
ebvg cÖ`k‡b©i mvnv‡h¨ B”Qv‡K cÖfvweZ Kiv nq| cÖfvweZ Kiv nq|
gvbwmK
4 cÖ‡qvM ‡h †Kvb †¶‡ÎB Gi cÖ‡qvM NUv‡bv hvq| ‡h †¶‡Î GK c¶ Aci c‡¶i Dci
†¶Î cÖK…Z ev AvcvZ KZ©„‡Z¡i AwaKvix A_ev
wek¦v‡mi m¤úK© we`¨gvb †m ‡¶‡ÎB GUv
NU‡Z cv‡i|
5 c~e© G‡¶‡Î c~e© m¤úK© bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î c~e© m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K|
m¤úK©
6 cÖgvYGi cÖ‡qvM A‡bKUv evwn¨K iƒ‡c mn‡RB c~e© m¤úK© I B”Qvi Dci cÖfve we¯—vi
†hvM¨Zv
cÖgvY‡hvM¨| K‡i weavq mn‡R Aby‡gq b‡n Ges cÖgvY
Kiv Zzjbvg~jK RwUj|
7 MswkøóZv Bnv e¨w³ ev e¨w³i c‡¶ †Kvb m¤úwËi Bnv ïay e¨w³i g‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³|
mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡Z cv‡i|
8 cÖhy³ Bnv cÖKvivšÍ‡i Pzw³ ewnf©~Z †Kvb 3q Aek¨B Pzw³ mswkøó †Kvb c‡¶i Dci
c¶ c‡¶i DciI cÖhy³ n‡Z cv‡i| cÖhy³ n‡e|
9 DrcwË Bnv evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa Øviv wbwl× Kvh© n‡Z m„ó Ab¨vq cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii mvg_©Zv †_‡K m„ó
nq| nq|
10 cÖwZKvi ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Pzw³ evwZ‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ Pzw³ evwZj Kiv hvq Ges ¶wZc~iY `vwe
¶wZc~iY `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kiv hvq bv|
Miller vs. Grand Trunk Rly (1906) gvgjvi iv‡q ej cÖ‡qvM I AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
wbiƒc‡bi †¶‡Î ejv n‡q‡Q †h, AvB‡bi †Pv‡L AbywPZ cÖfve wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡j Dnv Aek¨B GKK_vq
ej cÖ‡qvM n‡Z n‡e|
3. cÖZviYv (Fraud) t GK c¶‡K VKv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Aci c¶ †Kvb Kvh© Ki‡j, Zv‡K cÖZviYv e‡j|
1872 mv‡ji Pzw³ AvB‡bi 17 aviv g‡Z Pzw³i †Kvb 1wU c¶ KZ©„K ev Zvi bxie mg_©‡b A_ev Zvi
cÖwZwbwa KZ©„K Aci c¶‡K ev Zvi cÖwZwbwa‡K cÖeÂbv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ A_ev Zv‡K Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡ivwPZ Kivi wbwg‡Ë wb‡gœi †h †Kb KvR Kiv n‡j Zv‡K cÖZviYv ejv n‡e -
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
1. hvnv mZ¨bq, Giƒc Z_¨, †h e¨w³ Dnv mZ¨ e‡j wek¦vm K‡i bv Zvi Øviv mZ¨ e‡j eY©bv| A_©vr
B”QvK…Z AmZ¨ fvlY †`qv;
2. ‡R‡b ï‡b †Kvb Z_¨‡K mwµqfv‡e ‡Mvcb Kiv;
3. A½xKvi cvj‡bi †Kvb B”Qv QvovB cÖwZkÖ“wZ cÖ`vb;
4. cÖeÂbvg~jK Ab¨ †h †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b; Ges
5. cÖZviYvg~jK e‡j †NvwlZ AvB‡b ewY©Z †h †Kvb Kvh© ev weiwZ|
cÖZviYvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb (Essential elements of Fraud) t 17 avivq cÖ`Ë msÁv we‡k- lY Ki‡j
cÖZviYvi †h mKj Acwinvh© Dcv`vb †`Lv hvq Zvn‡jv -
1. GKwU AmZ¨ fvlY _vK‡e t †Kvb c¶ ev cÖwZwbwa mZ¨ bq ev mZ¨ e‡j wek¦vmI K‡i bv -Giƒc welq‡K
mZ¨ ejv|
2. mwµqfv‡e Z_¨ †Mvcb Kiv n‡e t †R‡b ï‡b mZ¨‡K KvimvwRi gva¨‡g ‡Mvcb Kiv n‡e|
3. cvj‡bi B‡”Q bv wb‡q cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb t cvjb Ki‡e bv - wbwðZ n‡qI ¯^v_© D×v‡ii Rb¨ †Kvb wel‡q
cÖwZkÖywZ w`‡j Zv cÖZviYv|
4. cÖeÂbvg~jK †h †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b Kiv t cÖeÂbvg~jK Acivci Kv‡h©i msÁv AvB‡b †`qv nqwb|
Z‡e VKv‡bv D‡Ï‡k¨ †h †Kvb nZeyw×i Kvh©, PZziZv, Ac‡KŠkj, QÙ‡ek ev KcUZv‡K cÖZviYv ejv
n‡e|
5. Ggb †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b hv AvB‡bi †NvlYvi Øviv cÖZviYvg~jK t wKQz Kvh© Av‡Q hv AvB‡b †NvlYv
cÖ`vb Øviv cÖZviYv ejv n‡q‡Q| †miƒc wKQz Kiv| †hgb - gvwjKvbvi ÎywU m‡Ë¡I Zv cÖKvk bv K‡i
wewµ Kiv|
6. D³ cÖZviYvg~jK Kvh© Aek¨B Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ gyL¨ n‡e t cÖZviYvg~jK Kvh©wU Aek¨B Pzw³
m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Kiv n‡e| D³ Kvh© Øviv Kv‡iv m¤§wZ †bqv bv n‡j ev †Kn cÖ‡Yvw`Z bv n‡j Zv
cÖZviYv n‡e bv|
7. cÖZviYv Aek¨B GK c¶‡K ¶wZMÖ¯’ Ki‡e t Aci c¶‡K ¶wZMÖ‡¯’i gva¨‡g ¯^xq ¯^v_© Av`vq Kiv
n‡e|
cÖZviYvi cwiYvg (Consquence of Fraud) t cÖZviYvi gva¨‡g ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Pzw³ AvB‡bi 19 aviv
g‡Z wb‡gœv³ cÖwZKvi ‡c‡Z cv‡i -
1. Pzw³ cÖZ¨vL¨vb t Bnv GKwU evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZ Ges †m Zv evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2. Pzw³ cvj‡b eva¨-evaKZv m„wó t evwZj bv K‡i MÖnY K‡i Aci c¶‡K Pzw³ cvj‡b eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i
Ges Acic¶ cÖZviYvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h e³e¨ w`‡q‡Q D³ e³e¨ mZ¨ n‡j †h Ae¯’v m„wó n‡Zv; †mB
Ae¯’v env‡ji `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. ¶wZc~iY `vwe t cÖZviYv GKwU †Ìqvbx Aciva| ZvB ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ m¤§wZ evwZj Ges ¶wZc~i‡Yi
Rb¨ gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
KLb cÖZviYvi cÖwZKvi jvf Kiv hvq (When the relief of fraud is recieved)?
¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Dc‡i ewY©Z 3wUi †h †Kvb 1wU cÖwZKvi wb‡gœv³ Ae¯’vq ‡c‡Z cv‡i -
1. Pzw³i †Kvb c¶ wb‡R ev Zvi bxie mg_©‡b ev Zvi cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g cÖZviYv Ki‡j
2. cÖZviYvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb KvR m¤úvw`Z n‡j Ges Aci c¶ Dnvi Kvi‡Y mwZ¨Kvifv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡j
3. ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i m¤§wZ cÖZviYvg~jK Kv‡h©i Kvi‡YB Av`vq m¤¢e n‡q‡Q g‡b n‡j
4. cÖZviYvg~jK bxieZvi †¶‡Î hw` Aci c‡¶i mvaviY cÖ‡Póvi Øviv mZ¨ D`NvU‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K †m
†¶‡Î Pzw³ evwZj Kiv hvq bv, Z‡e mZ¨ D`NvUb m¤¢e g‡b bv n‡j cÖwZKvi cvIqv hvq|
eëmvq AvBb
5. hyw&³hy³ mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖZviYv n‡Z m„ô Pzw³i wec‡¶ AvBbvbyM eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv hvq| D³ mg‡qi
g‡a¨ Pzw³ Aby‡gv`b A_ev eë¯’v Aej¤^‡b Ah_v wej¤^ Ki‡j †m‡¶‡Î cieZ©x cÖwZKvi `vwe Kiv hvq
bv|
bxieZv wK cÖZviYv (Can Silence be fraudulent) t ÔbxieZvÕ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU gva¨g| Ô†gŠbZvÕ
m¤§wZi j¶Y e‡j mgv‡R GKwU K_v Av‡Q ZvB mgm¨vwU RwUj| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 17 avivq e¨vL¨vq ejv
n‡q‡Q - cÖK…Z Z_¨ †Mvcb K‡i Kv‡iv Pzw³ Kivi B”Qv‡K cÖfvweZ Kiv‡K cÖZviYv ejv P‡j bv| Aek¨ †h
†¶‡Î cvwicvk¦©K Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq cÖZxqgvb nq †h, bxieZv Aej¤^bKvixi Z_¨ cÖKvk KivB KZ©‡eï
Aš—f©y³ A_ev bxieZvB gyLiZvi kvwgj - †m‡¶‡Î bxieZv cÖZviYv e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
17 avivq e¨vL¨v we‡kølY †_‡K wm×všÍ ‡bqv hvq -
1. Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© wbQK bxieZv cÖZviYv b‡n t cÖK…Z Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© bxie _vKv ev †h †¶‡Î †Kvb c¶ Z_¨
cÖKv‡k AvBbZ eva¨ bq| Giƒc †¶‡Î bxieZv cÖZviYv ejv hvq bv|
2. †h‡¶‡Î K_v ejv KZ©e¨, †m‡¶‡Î bxieZv cÖZviYv t c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ wek¦v‡mi m¤úK© _vK‡j me Z_¨
†bqv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© g‡b K‡i bv| Giƒc †¶‡Î GK c¶ bxie _vK‡j, cÖK…Z Z_¨ bv Rvbv‡j Ges exgv
Pzw³‡Z cÖK…Z Z_¨ bv w`‡j cÖZviYv e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
3. bxieZv †h‡¶‡Î gyLiZvi kvwgj †m‡¶‡Î K_v bv ejv cÖZviYv t Pzw³i †Kvb c¶ hw` Aci c‡¶i
wbKU Pzw³i welqe¯‘ Ggb fv‡e Rvb‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i, †hLv‡b K_v bv ejvB wfbœ A_© enb K‡i,
†m‡¶‡Î B”QvK…Z bxieZv cÖZviYv e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
wg_¨v eY©bv (Misrepresentation) t Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi mg‡q ev c~‡e© GK c¶ Aci c¶‡K Pzw³i mv‡_
mswkøó †Kvb welq ev NUbv m¤ú‡K© ‡h mKj Z_¨ ev msev` mieivn K‡i Zv‡K, e‡j wee„wZ ev eY©bv
(Representation), Giƒc wee„wZ hw` åvš— nq Ges VKv‡bv B‡”Q bv _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡K wg_¨v eY©bv ejv
nq| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 18 aviv g‡Z wg_¨v eY©bvi A_© I AšÍf©y³ welq n‡jv -
1. mZ¨ Øviv mgw_©Z bq, Giƒc AmZ¨ welq mZ¨ g‡b K‡i eY©bv Kiv;
2. cÖZviYvi D‡Ïk¨ QvovB KZ©e¨ Kv‡R jsNb Kiv; hvi d‡j j•NbKvix c‡¶i jvf nq I Pzw³i Aci
c‡¶i ¶wZ nq; Ges
3. hZ mij fv‡eB Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, Aci c‡¶i wbKU †Kvb welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYvi m„wó Kiv|
wg_¨v eY©bvi Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb (Essential elements of Misrepresentation) t

1. mg_©b‡hvM¨ bq Giƒc AmZ¨ fvlY (Tureless assertion which not warranted by
information) t cÖvß msev` Øviv mg_©b‡hvM¨ bq -Giƒc AmZ¨ K_v‡K mZ¨ †f‡e wbðqZvi mv‡_
ejv|
2. KZ©‡eï ÎywU (Breach of duty) t Aci c¶‡K VKv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ bv wb‡q hw` KZ©‡eï Ggb †Kvb
Î“wU Kiv nq| hvi d‡j A‡bï g‡b åvwšÍi m„wó nq Ges KZ©e¨ j•NbKvixi ¯^v_© Av`vq nq, Giƒc
†¶‡Î wg_¨v eY©bvi Øviv mvq Av`vq e‡j aiv n‡e|
3. webv †`v‡l åvwšÍ m„wó (To commit a mistake without bad intention) t cÖZviYvi D‡Ïk¨
QvovB Pzw³i †Kvb 1wU c¶ m¤§wZi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© hw` fyj aviYvi m„wó K‡i, Z‡e Giƒc fyj aviYv
cÖ`vb, wg_¨v eY©bv e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
cÖZviYv I wg_¨v eY©bvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ (Difference between Misrepresentation & Fraud) t
cÖZviYv I wg_¨v eY©bv Dfq †¶‡ÎB wg_¨vi Avkªq †bqv nq Ges djkÖywZ‡Z Pzw³ evwZj‡hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ
nq| Df‡qi g‡a¨ †ek wKQz cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q, hv wbgœiƒc -
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
wg_¨v eY©bv cÖZviYv

1 msÁv Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi mgq ev c~‡e© GKc¶ GK c¶‡K VKv‡bv D‡Ï‡k¨ Aci c¶
Aci c¶‡K Pzw³i mv‡_ mswkøó †Kvb †Kvb KvR Ki‡j Zv‡K cÖZviYv e‡j|
welq ev NUbv m¤ú‡K© †h mKj Z_¨ ev
msev` mieivn K‡i, Zv‡K wg_¨v eY©bv
ejv nq|
2 D‡Ïk¨MZ Aci‡K VKv‡bvi †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K Aci‡K VKv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K|
cv_©K¨ bv|
3 Aciv‡ai AmZ¨ welq‡K mZ¨ g‡b K‡i eY©bv ‡R‡b ï‡b wg_¨v eY©bv †`qv nq e‡j GUv
cÖK…wZ †Ìqv nq| B”QvK…Z Aciva|
4 DrcwË mZ¨ g‡b K‡i AmZ¨ fvlY, welq B”Qvc~e©K AmZ¨ fvlY, KvimvwR K‡i
eY©bvi †¶‡Î KZ©e¨ j•Nb I welqe¯‘i mZ¨ †Mvcb, cvj‡bi B‡”Q bv wb‡q
m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYvi m„wó n‡Z wg_¨v A½xKvi cÖ`vb Ges AvB‡b ewY©Z
eY©bvi DrcwË| cÖZviYv‡hvM¨ †h †Kvb KvR n‡Z Bnv
DrcwË nq|
5 cÖwZKvi ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Pzw³ evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i| ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Pzw³ evwZj Ges gvgjv
wKš‘ ¶wZc~i‡Yi gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cv‡i bv|
6 AvZ¥c¶ wg_¨v eY©bvi †¶‡Î ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i hw` cÖZviYvg~jK bxieZv Qvov Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î
mg_©b mvaviY cÖ‡Póvq mZ¨ D`NvU‡bi my‡hvM mvaviY eyw×gËvi mvn‡h¨ ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶
_v‡K Z‡e Aci c¶ GB ARynv‡Z mZ¨ D`NvUb Ki‡Z cvi‡jI H wel‡q
AvZ¥c¶ mg_©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Aci c¶ AvZ¥mg_©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
7 AvBbMZ AvBbMZ Aciva e‡j we‡ewPZ nq bv| ‡Ìqvbx I e¨w³MZ Ab¨vq †LmviZ
Ae¯’v AvBb Abyhvqx Acivag~jK|
fyj (Mistake) t †h †Kvb wel‡q wg_¨v aviYv Kiv‡K fyj e‡j| fy‡ji ekeZ©x n‡q Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡j
Zv †¯^”Qv cÖ`Ë mvq Øviv Pzw³ ejv hvq bv| Dfq c¶ GKB wel‡q GKgZ n‡jB Pzw³ nq| Pzw³‡Z fyj
_vK‡j `yB c‡¶i wbKU GKB wRwb‡mi GKB A_© _v‡K bv| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 20-22 avivq fyj m¤ú‡K©
we¯—vwiZ Z_¨ †`qv Av‡Q|
fy‡ji †kªYx (Types of Mistake) t fyj cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi, h_v t-
1. Z_¨ m¤ú„³ fyj (Mistake of fact), 2. AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake regarding law)
1. Z_¨ m¤ú„³ fyj (Mistake of fact) t m¤§wZ m¤ú„³ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© Pzw³fy³ Dfq c‡¶i fyj
n‡j Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| GB msÁvi g‡Z 2wU Ae¯’v _vK‡j Z_¨ m¤ú„³ fy‡ji Kvi‡Y m„ó Pzw³
evwZj n‡e -
K. hw` Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© Dfq c‡¶i fyj nq
L. hw` D³ Z_¨ Pzw³i c‡¶ Acwinvh© nq|
Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj Dfq c‡¶i n‡Z cv‡i Avevi GK c‡¶iI c‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj‡K 2 fv‡M
fvM Kiv hvq t-
K. Dfq c‡¶i fyj (Bilateral Mistake)
L. GK c‡¶i fyj (Unilateral Mistake)
eëmvq AvBb
K. Dfq c‡¶i fyj (Bilateral Mistake) t ej‡Z Pzw³fy³ Dfq c‡¶i Pzw³i †Kvb bv †Kvb Z_¨
m¤ú‡K© fyj Kiv‡K eySvq| Acwinvh© Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj n‡j Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Dfq c‡¶i
fyj m¤^wjZ wewfbœ Pzw³ wbgœiƒc t
1. welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fyj;
2. wRwb‡mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤ú‡K© fyj;
3. wRwb‡mi cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj;
4. welqe¯‘i gvb m¤ú‡K© fyj;
5. welqe¯‘i cwigvY m¤ú‡K© fyj;
6. welqe¯‘i g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj;
7. welqe¯‘i gvwjKvbv m¤ú‡K© fyj BZ¨vw`|
L. GK c‡¶i fyj (Unilateral Mistake) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 12 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Pzw³fy³ GK c¶
ïaygvÎ Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYvi ekeZ©x n‡q Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡j Dnv evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| A_©vr,
GK c‡¶i fy‡ji Pzw³ êa Ges Zv Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj n‡j GK c‡¶i Øviv m„ó KwZcq fyj m¤^wjZ
Pzw³ wbgœiƒct-
1. cÖZviYvi Øviv m„ó fyj;
2. e¨w³i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© m„ó fyj;
3. Pzw³i aib m¤ú‡K© m„ó fyj;
4. Pzw³i welqe¯‘i ev g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj; Ges
5. Pzw³i welhe¯‘i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj|
AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake regarding law) t ‡h AvB‡bi Aax‡b Pz&w³ n‡”Q †m AvBb m¤ú‡K© Dfq
c‡¶i fyj n‡Z cv‡i| 21 aviv evsjv‡`‡k ejer‡hvM¨ AvBbvbyhvqx Pzw³i c¶Ø‡qi fyj n‡j Zv Øviv Pzw³
evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| wKš‘ we‡`kx AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYvi ekeZ©x n‡q †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j Zv Z_¨
m¤ú„³ fyj wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e Ges Pzw³ evwZj n‡e|
AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj `yB cÖKvi , h_v t-
K. †`kx AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj t AvBb m¤ú‡K© AÁZv ¶gv‡hvM¨ bq| ZvB †`kx AvB‡bi fy‡ji Pzw&³
evwZj‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv|
L. we‡`kx AvBb m¤ú‡K© Pzw³ t Giƒc fyj Z_¨ m¤ú„³ fyj e‡j MY¨| mKj †`‡ki AvBb Kv‡iv Rvbv
m¤¢e bq| ZvB Giƒc Pzw³ evwZj Ges Giƒc Pzw³ Øviv †Kvb ¯^v_© cÖvß n‡j Zv my`mn †dir†hvM¨|
fyj wK fv‡e Pzw³i ‰eaZv‡K e¨vnZ K‡i? (How mistake affect the validity of contract?)
A_ev, †Kvb †Kvb fy‡ji Kvi‡Y Pzw³ evwZj nq?
wKQz wKQz fyj i‡q‡Q, hvi Kvi‡Y Pzw³ evwZj n‡q hvq, hv wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv -
1. AvBb m¤úwK©Z fyj (Mistake of Law)
2. Dfq c‡¶i fyj (Mistake of both the parties)
3. e¨w³i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as identy of the person contracted with)
4. wRwb‡mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the existence of a thing)
5. wRwb‡mi cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the identy of a thing)
6. Pzw³i cÖK…wZ ev welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the subject matter or nature of the
contract)
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
7. Pzw³ cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨Zv m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the possibility of performance of a

contract)
8. wewea fyj (Miscellancous mistake)
wb‡gœ G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj -
1. AvBb m¤úwK©Z fyj (Mistake of Law) t evsjv‡`k ejer†hvM¨ †Kvb AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj n‡j Pzw³
evwZj n‡e bv; wKš‘ we‡`kx †Kvb AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj n‡j Zv Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj e‡j MY¨ n‡e Ges Pzw³
evwZj e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
2. Dfq c‡¶i fyj (Mistake of both the parties) t Pzw³i Dfq c¶ fy‡ji ekeZ©x n‡q Pzw³
m¤úv`b Ki‡j †mB Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
3. e¨w³i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as identy of the person contracted with) t †h e¨w³i
mv‡_ Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q †mB e¨w³i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj n‡j Pzw³ evwZj| ‡hgb - †Kn wb‡R‡K
cÖfvekvjx e¨w³i cwiPq w`‡q Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡jv, GUv †e-AvBbx| Z‡e, e¨w³i cwiPq g~j welq bv
n‡j †m‡¶‡Î cwiPq fyj n‡jI Pzw³ êa|
4. wRwb‡mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the existence of a thing) t †Kvb wRwb‡mi Aw¯—Z¡
m¤ú‡K© Pz&w³i Dfq c‡¶i fyj n‡j Pzw³ evwZj| †hgb -ÔKÕ Gi †NvovwU ÔLÕ wKb‡Z Pzw³e× n‡jv
wKš‘ †`Lv †Mj Zv c~‡e©B gviv wM‡q‡Q, hv ÔKÕ wb‡RI Rvb‡Zv bv| ZvB Pzw³ evwZj|
5. wRwb‡mi cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the identy of a thing) t †Kvb wRwb‡mi cwiPq
m¤ú‡K© Dfq c‡¶i fyj n‡j Pzw³ evwZj n‡e| ‡hgb- x GKwU †`vKv‡bi 50wU ivB‡dj †`‡L -
send three rifles (3wU ivB‡dj cvVvI) e‡j evZ©v cvVv‡jv| evZ©v Awd‡mi †Kivbx fyjµ‡g
wjL‡jv Send the rifles (ivB‡dj¸‡jv cvVvb) we‡µZv 50wU ivB‡dj cvVv‡j MÖvnK Zv MÖn‡Y
A¯^xKvi K‡i ¶wZc~i‡Yi gvgjv Ki‡j iv‡q avh©¨ nq †h Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ‡Kvb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq bvB|
KviY bvB Pzw³i c‡¶i fy‡ji Kvi‡Y HK¨ nq bvB|
6. Pzw³i cÖK…wZ ev welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the subject matter or nature of the
contract) t Pzw³i welqe¯‘ ev †jb‡`‡bi cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© Pzw³fy³ c‡¶i (GK c‡¶i n‡jI) fyj
n‡j Pz&w³ evwZj n‡e| ‡hgb - M †Pv‡L Lye Kg †`‡L, wZwb Kvwgb c‡Î ¯^v¶i w`‡”Qb g‡b K‡i
GKwU wewbgq we‡j ¯^v¶i †`q G‡¶‡Î e„‡×i †Kvb `vq Rb¥v‡e bv Ges †Kvb Pzw³ m„wó n‡e bv|
7. Pzw³ cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨Zv m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the possibility of performance of a
contract) t Pzw³ m¤úv`bKv‡j Zv m¤úv`b m¤¢e g‡b n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z Zv cvjb Am¤¢e n‡j Pzw³i
m„wó n‡e bv| †hgb - AvB‡bi KviY |
8. wewea fyj (Miscellancous mistake) t wb‡gœi fy‡ji Kvi‡YI Pzw³ evwZj n‡e-
K. m¤úwËi `wjj m¤ú‡K© fyj
L. `ª‡eï ¸Yv¸Y m¤ú‡K© fyj
M. `ª‡eï cwigvY I g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj (êaZv‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡j)
eëmvq AvBb
fy‡ji cwiYvg (Consequences of Mistake) t fy‡ji ekeZ©x n‡q Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j Zv evwZj
e‡j MY¨ n‡e| wewfbœ ai‡bi fyj n‡q‡Q Ges wewfbœ fy‡ji d‡j m„ó Pzw³i cwiYvgI wewfbœ iKg n‡q
_v‡K, h_v -
1. †h mKj Pzw³ evwZj t
K. Pzw³i Acwinvh© Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© Dfq c‡¶i fyj n‡j Pzw³ evwZj n‡e| †hgb -
1. Pzw³i welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fyj
2. Pzw³e× wRwb‡mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ I cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj
3. welq e¯‘i gvb, cwigvY, g~j¨, gvwjKvbv m¤ú‡K© fyj BZ¨vw`|
L. GK c‡¶i cÖZviYvi Kvi‡Y Aci c‡¶i fyj †hgb -
1. e¨w³i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj Ges
2. Pzw³i ai‡bi m¤ú‡K© fyj
M. we‡`kx AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj :
we‡`kx AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj n‡j, Zv Acwinvh© Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj e‡j MY¨ n‡e Ges Pzw³ evwZj n‡e|
2. †h mKj Pz³ êa :
K. GK c‡¶i fyj, †hgb
1. welqe¯‘i g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© fyj
2. welqe¯‘i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj BZ¨vw`|
L. †`kxq AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj
evsjv‡`‡ki AvBb m¤ú‡K© fyj n‡jI Zv êa Pzw³|
¯^v_© ev myweav †dir cÖ`vb :
‡h mKj †¶‡Î fy‡ji Kvi‡Y Pzw³ evwZj nq
- †m me †¶‡Î H Pzw³ Øviv †Kn †Kvb ¯^v_©/myweav cÖvß n‡j
- 65 aviv g‡Z ¯^v_© cÖ`vbKvix c¶ Zv †dir cv‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 13 aviv g‡Z mvq/m¤§wZ t hLb `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ GKB wel‡q GKB A‡_© GKgZ nq,
ZLb Zv‡ì mvq cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q e‡j aiv nq| myZivs mswk- ó `yÕwU c‡¶i GKB wel‡q GKB A‡_© GKgZ
nIqv mv‡qi Rb¨ Acwinvh©| 14 aviv g‡Z ej cÖ‡qvM, AbywPZ cÖfve, wg_¨v eY©bv, cÖZviYv ev fy‡ji
ekeZ©x bv n‡q mvq cÖ`Ë n‡j Zv‡K ‡¯^”Qvmvq e‡j|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 15 avivq ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q †Kvb e¨w³‡K †Kvb m¤§wZ‡Z ivRx Kiv‡bvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa Øviv wbwl× †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b ev Dnv m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ fxwZ cÖ`k©b A_ev †Kvb
e¨w³i ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK~‡j †Kvb m¤úwË A‰eafv‡e AvUK ev AvUK Kivi cÖ`k©b‡K ejcÖ‡qvM e‡j| Pzw³
AvB‡bi 16(1) aviv g‡Z †hLv‡b Pzw³ mswkøó c¶¸wji g‡a¨ Ggb m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K †h, GK c¶
Aci c‡¶i B”Qvi Dci cÖfyZ¡ we¯Ívi Ki‡Z mg_© nq Ges †mLv‡b Aci c‡¶i wbKU n‡Z Ab¨vq myweav
MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †mB m¤ú‡K©i cÖ‡qvM nq| †m‡¶‡Î D³ Pzw³‡K AbywPZ cÖfv‡ei Øviv m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ e‡j|
GK c¶‡K VKv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Aci c¶ †Kvb Kvh© Ki‡j, Zv‡K cÖZviYv e‡j| 1872 mv‡ji Pzw³ AvB‡bi
17 aviv g‡Z Pzw³i †Kvb 1wU c¶ KZ©„K ev Zvi bxie mg_©‡b A_ev Zvi cÖwZwbwa KZ©„K Aci c¶‡K ev
Zvi cÖwZwbwa‡K cÖeÂbv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ A_ev Zv‡K Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡ivwPZ Kivi wbwg‡Ë wb‡gœi †h
†Kb KvR Kiv n‡j Zv cÖZviYv ejv n‡e -
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
1. hvnv mZ¨ bq, Giƒc Z_¨, †h e¨w³ Dnv mZ¨ e‡j wek¦vm K‡i bv Zvi Øviv mZ¨ e‡j eY©bv| A_©vr
B”QvK…Z AmZ¨ fvlY †`qv;
2. ‡R‡b ï‡b †Kvb Z_¨‡K mwµqfv‡e ‡Mvcb Kiv;
3. A½xKvi cvj‡bi †Kvb B”Qv QvovB cÖwZkÖ“wZ cÖ`vb;
4. cÖeÂbvg~jK Ab¨ †h †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b; Ges
5. cÖZviYvg~jK e‡j †NvwlZ AvB‡b ewY©Z †h †Kvb Kvh© ev weiwZ|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 17 avivq e¨vL¨vq ejv n‡q‡Q - cÖK…Z Z_¨ †Mvcb K‡i Kv‡iv Pzw³ Kivi B”Qv‡K cÖfvweZ
Kiv‡K cÖZviYv ejv P‡j bv| Aek¨ †h †¶‡Î cvwicvk¦©K Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq cÖZxqgvb nq †h, bxieZv
Aej¤^bKvixi Z_¨ cÖKvk KivB KZ©‡eï AšÍf©y³ A_ev bxieZvB gyLiZvi kvwgj- †m‡¶‡Î bxieZv
cÖZviYv e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 18 aviv g‡Z wg_¨v eY©bvi A_© I AšÍf©y³ welq n‡jv-
1. mZ¨ Øviv mgw_©Z bq, Giƒc AmZ¨ welq mZ¨ g‡b K‡i eY©bv Kiv;
2. cÖZviYvi D‡Ïk¨ QvovB KZ©e¨ Kv‡R jsNb Kiv; hvi d‡j j•NbKvix c‡¶i jvf nq I Pzw³i Aci
c‡¶i ¶wZ nq; Ges
3. hZ mij fv‡eB Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, Aci c‡¶i wbKU †Kvb welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYvi m„wó Kiv|
†h †Kvb wel‡q wg_¨v aviYv Kiv‡K fyj e‡j| fy‡ji ekeZ©x n‡q Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡j Zv †¯^”Qv cÖ`Ë mvq
Øviv Pzw³ ejv hvq bv| wKQz wKQz fyj i‡q‡Q, hvi Kvi‡Y Pzw³ evwZj n‡q hvq| hv wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv -
AvBb m¤úwK©Z fyj, Dfq c‡¶i fyj, e¨w³i cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj, wRwb‡mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤ú‡K© fyj, wRwb‡mi
cwiPq m¤ú‡K© fyj, Pzw³i cÖK…wZ ev welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fyj, Pzw³ cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨Zv m¤ú‡K© fyj, wewea fyj|
eëmvq AvBb
D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`v‡bi êaZv

(Legality of object & Consideration)
D‡Ïk¨
D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`v‡bi êaZv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
‡Kvb †Kvb Ae¯’vq m¤§wZi D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`vb A‰ea Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax m¤§wZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
AvswkK A‰ea D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖwZ`v‡bi djvdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ I Bnvi †kªYxwefvM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 10 aviv g‡Z êa Pzw³‡Z AvBb m½Z cÖwZ`vb I D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡e Ges Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~n
Zv‡Z ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ †`‡e| D‡Ïk¨ A_© AwfcÖvq ev Avgiv wK Ki‡Z PvB Ges cÖwZ`vb A_© wewbg‡q cÖvß
myweav| D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`vb DfqB êa bv n‡j Pzw³ wbõj n‡e| 23 aviv g‡Z wb‡gœv³ Ae¯’vq m¤§wZi
D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`vb A‰ea e‡j MY¨ nq t-
1. hw` Bnv AvBb Øviv wbwl× nq (If it is forbidden by law) t wb‡gœv³ 4wU Kvh© cwiKíbv AvBb
Øviv wbwl× e‡j we‡ewPZ
i) hw` Bnv evsjv‡`k †dŠR`vix AvBb Abyhvqx `Ûbxq nq;
ii) hw` Bnv Ab¨ †Kvb wewae× AvBb jsNbg~jK nq;
iii) hw` Bnv †Kvb AvB‡bi mvaviY bxwZ I D‡Ï‡kï cwicš’x nq; Ges
iv) hw` Bnv RvZxq msm` Øviv wbwl× nq|
Dc‡ii 4wU Kvh© ev cwiKíbvi Rb¨ hw` m¤§wZ †`qv nq Z‡e Zv †eAvBbx Ges evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
‡hgb - Pzwi, WvKvwZ, nZ¨v, Kv‡jvevRvix msµvšÍ m¤§wZ|
2. hw` Bnv †Kvb AvB‡bi weavb e¨_© K‡i †`q (Agreement which defeat the provision of any
law) t ‡Kvb m¤§wZi cÖwZ`vb I D‡Ïk¨ hw` Ggb nq †h, Zv Aby‡gv`b Kiv n‡j c‡iv¶fv‡e †Kvb
cÖPwjZ AvBb f½ K‡i ev Kivi m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q| Z‡e H m¤§wZ A‰ea I evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
†hgb - Ki I we`y¨r wej duvwKi Rb¨ MÖvnK I wej †jL‡Ki g‡a¨ 50% 50% m¤§wZ n‡jv| A_©vr hv
cÖK…Z wej Zvi A‡a©K wej Kiv n‡e Ges h‡Zv UvKv wej Kg Kiv n‡jv Zvi A‡a©K wej †jLK‡K
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
3. hw` †Kvb m¤§wZ cÖZviYvg~jK nq (If any contract is fraudulent) t Pzw³i Aci c¶‡K
cÖZviYv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ hw` †Kvb m¤§wZ cÖ`Ë nq ev m¤úvw`Z nq Z‡e Bnv A‰ea cÖwZ`vb m¤úbœ e‡j
Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
4. Bnv hw` Aci †Kvb e¨w³ ev Zvi m¤úwËi Rb¨ ¶wZKi nq (If it involves injury to the
person or property of another) t †Kvb m¤§wZ hw` †Kvb e¨w³i ev Zvi m¤úwËi ¶wZ Kivi
D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤úvw`Z nq Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
5. Av`vjZ hw` Bnv‡K bxwZ ewR©Z ev `yb©xwZg~jK e‡j g‡b K‡ib (If the court regards it as
immoral) t †Kvb m¤§wZi D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖwZ`vb hw` bxwZ ewR©Z ev `yb©xwZg~jK nq Z‡e Zv evwZj
Ges Bnv KL‡bv Av`vj‡Zi Aby‡gv`b cv‡e bv|
6. Av`vjZ hw` Bnv‡K Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax g‡b K‡ib (It the court regards it as opposed to
public policy) t †Kvb m¤úwËi D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`vb hw` Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax A_©vr RbMY I mvgvwRK
¯^v_© we‡ivax ev cÖwZK~j nq, Z‡e Zv AvBbZ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax Pzw³mg~n (Contracts opposed to public policy) t evsjv‡`‡k ejer†hvM¨ Pzw³
AvB‡b Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax K_vwUi †Kvb msÁv cÖ`vb Kiv nqwb| e„wUk AvB‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i Avgv‡ì Pzw³
AvBb iwPZ| e„wUk AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q - Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax m¤§wZ ej‡Z mgv‡Ri ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK~‡j m¤úvw`Z
†Kvb m¤§wZ‡K eySv‡e| †gvU K_v RbMY I iv‡óªi Rb¨ ¶wZKi Ges miKvwi bxwZ we‡ivax mKj m¤§wZ,
hv AvB‡bi mg_©b cvq bv Zv‡K Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax m¤§wZ e‡j MY¨|
wewfbœ Ae¯’vq cÖ`Ë m¤§wZ‡K Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax ejv hv‡e| wb‡gœ 12wU m¤§wZi K_v Av‡jvPbv n‡”Q, hv
Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax t-
1. we‡`kx kÎyi mv‡_ evwYR¨ (Commercial agreement with an alien Enemy) t
evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ hy×iZ †`‡ki evwm›`v n‡jv we‡`kx kÎy| kÎyi mv‡_ hy× PjvKv‡j m¤úvw`Z mKj
m¤§wZ Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax e‡j MY¨ n‡e| hy‡×i c~‡e©i Pzw³I ¯’wMZ ev evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
2. Av`vj‡Zi wePv‡i evav m„wó Kiv m¤§wZ (Agreement for stiffing prosecution) t
Av`vj‡Zi wePv‡i cÖwZeÜKZvi m„wó nq ev †h m¤§wZi d‡j b¨vq wePvi cÖwZôv Av`vj‡Zi c‡¶
KóKi n‡q c‡o ev ev`x b¨vq wePvi n‡Z ewÂZ nq - Giƒc m¤§wZ AvBbZ Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax e‡j MY¨|
3. AvB‡bi Kvh©avivi Aceënvi (Missuse of legal process) t AvB‡bi Kvh©avivi ev AvBbMZ
wbqg-bxwZi Aceënv‡ii Øviv †Kvb Ab¨vq myweav AR©b Kivi m¤§wZI AvBbZ evwZj e‡j MY¨|
†hgb - g¨vwR‡÷ªU‡K Nyl w`‡q Rvwgb| c‡i ev`x‡K gvgjv Zz‡j †bqvi Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e ûgKx|
4. miKvwi PvKywi, gh©v`v ev †LZve µq-weµq (Traffic in public offices, honourst titles) t
†Kvb Avw_©K cÖwZ`v‡bi wewbg‡q miKvwi PvKzwi cÖ`vb; miKvwi c`gh©v`v cÖ`vb ev †Kvb †LZve µq-
weµ‡qi m¤§wZ AvBbZ Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax Ges evwZj e‡j MY¨|
5. KZ©‡eï weiy‡× ¯^v_© m„wóKvix m¤§wZ (Agreement creating an interest opposed to
duty) t †Kvb m¤§wZ Øviv †Kn hw` Zvi AvBbMZ KZ©e¨ cvj‡b AcviM nq ev AvBbMZ KZ©e¨ n‡Z
wePz¨Z nq, Zv n‡j H m¤§wZ Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
6. †h m¤§wZ e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZeÜK (Agreement in restrain of personal freedom) t
hw` †Kvb m¤§wZ Ab¨vqfv‡e e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvq cÖwZeÜKZvi m„wó K‡i Z‡e Zv Rb¯^v_© we‡ivaxbxwZ|
7. wcZvgvZvi AwaKv‡i evav m„wóKvix m¤§wZ (Agreement in restrain of parental rights) t
mš—v‡bi Dci wcZvgvZvi AwaKvi mve©Rbxb| hw` †Kvb m¤§wZ wcZv-gvZvi Giƒc AwaKv‡ii evavi
m„wó K‡i Z‡e Zv Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
8. weev‡ni cÖwZeÜK m¤§wZ (Agreement in restrain marriage) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 26 aviv
Abymv‡i mvevjK †Kvb e¨w³i weev‡ni †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZvi m„wó nq Ggb m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j MY¨|
ZvB Giƒc m¤§wZi D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`vb A‰ea Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax|
eëmvq AvBb
9. ¯^vaxb †ckv I evwY‡R¨ cÖwZeÜK m¤§wZ (Agreement in restrain of lawful profession

& trade) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 27 aviv g‡Z †Kvb m¤§wZ ¯^vaxb †ckv, eëmvq-evwYR¨ †¶‡Î evav m„wó
Ki‡j H m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
10. êevwnK KZ©e¨ m¤úv`‡b cÖwZeÜK m¤§wZ (Agreement in restrain of marital duties) t
hw` †Kvb m¤§wZ ¯^vgx-¯¿xi AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© ev weevn m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wel‡q evavi m„wó K‡i Z‡e ZvI
Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax m¤§wZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
11. weev‡ni `vjvjx m¤§wZ (Marriage Brokerage agreement) t e„wUk AvB‡b weevn w¯’‡ii Rb¨
3q c¶‡K A_© cÖ`vb Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax g‡b Kiv nq, †Kbbv ¯^vaxb wbe©vP‡b Zv evavi m„wó K‡i| GB
Dcgnv‡`‡k NUK cÖ_v eûj cÖPwjZ| NUK †¯^”Qvq KvR Ki‡jI †Kn cyi¯‹…Z K‡i _v‡K Avevi wbw`©ó
cvÎ/cvÎxi mv‡_ weevn m¤ú‡bœ mg_© n‡j wbw`©ó A_© cÖ`v‡bi m¤§wZI _v‡K| wewfbœ gvgjvq †`Lv hvq
NUK cÖ_v ‰ea n‡jI A_© cÖ`vb m¤§wZ Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax|
12. †hŠZzK cÖ`v‡bi m¤§wZ (Agreement for paid dowry) t †hŠZzK eûj cÖPwjZ GKwU Awfkß
cÖ_v| AvBb Abyhvqx †Q‡j-‡g‡qi weevn w`‡q †Kvb cÖwZ`vb MÖnY Kivi m¤§wZ Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax Ges
Av`vq A‡hvM¨| †hŠZzK we‡ivax AvBb cv‡ki d‡j Zv ¯úóZB Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax e‡j †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q|
Z‡e †Kvb wcZv-gvZv †g‡q-RvgvB‡K †¯^”Qvq wKQz w`‡j Zv êa Ges Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax bq|
AvswkK A‰ea D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖwZ`vb (Object or consideration unlawful in part) t †Kvb Pzw&³
ev m¤§wZi †¶‡Î cÖwZ`vb ev D‡Ïk¨ hw` AvswkKfv‡e A‰ea nq Z‡e wbgœwjwLZ wbqg Kvh©Ki n‡e -
1. †h †¶‡Î GKvwaK D‡Ïk¨ t ‡h †¶‡Î GKvwaK D‡Ïk¨; wKš‘ GKwU gvÎ cÖwZ`vb; †m‡¶‡Î 1wU D‡Ïk¨
A‰ea n‡jB m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| (24 aviv)|
2. †h †¶‡Î 1wU gvÎ D‡Ïk¨ t Avevi †h †¶‡Î 1wU gvÎ D‡Ïk¨ wKš‘ GKvwaK cÖwZ`vb; †m‡¶‡Î GKwU
cÖwZ`vb A‰ea n‡jB m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| (24 aviv)|
kZ© t †h mKj †¶‡Î m¤§wZi êa Ask, A‰ea Ask †_‡K c„_K Kiv hvq bv; †KejgvÎ †m mKj †¶‡ÎB
GB wbqg Kvh©Ki n‡e|
3. †h †¶‡Î ‰ea-A‰ea Kvh© Kivi m¤§wZ t †h †¶‡Î êa I A‰ea Dfq cÖKvi Kvh© Kwievi Rb¨ `yB
c¶B A½xKvie× Ges H m¤§wZi êa I A‰ea Ask c„_K Kiv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î A‰ea Ask wbõj
m¤§wZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e| (57 aviv)|
4. hw` m¤§wZ‡Z weKí A½xKvi we`¨gvb t hw` m¤§wZ‡Z weKí A½xKvi we`¨gvb _v‡K Ges hw` Zvi 1wU
êa I AciwU A‰ea nq, Zv n‡j ïay êa Ask cÖeZ©b Kiv hv‡e Ges A‰ea Ask evwZj e‡j MY¨
n‡e| (58 aviv)|
NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ (Contingent contract) t ‡Kvb NUbv NUv ev bv NUvi k‡Z© †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`Ë n‡j
Zv‡K NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ e‡j| †Kvb Pzw³i Avbylw½K ev mn‡hvMx †Kvb NUbv msNwUZ n‡j ev bv n‡j †Kvb
Kvh© Kiv n‡e ev Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv n‡e - GB g‡g© cÖ`Ë cÖwZkÖywZ‡K NUbvmv‡c¶ Pzw³ e‡j (aviv
31)| GB msÁvi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv NUbvmv‡c¶ Pzw³i wbgœiƒc êwkó¨ Lyu‡R cvB-
3. Giƒc Pzw³‡Z Aek¨B kZ©vaxb cÖwZkÖywZ _vK‡e;
4. Avbylw½K NUbvwU NUvi Dci Pzw³ cvjb wbf©ikxj;
5. Avbylw½K NUbvwU Aek¨B Pzw³i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³;
6. Giƒc NUbvwU Aek¨B wbwðZ n‡e; Ges
7. AwbwðZ NUbvwU NUv ev bv NUvi ci Pzw³e× `vq-`vwqZ¡ cvjb ïiy n‡e|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
NUbv mv‡c‡¶ Pzw³i cÖKvi ‡f` (Types of contingent contract) t

1. AwbwðZ fwel¨r NUbv NUvi Dci wbf©ikxj Pzw³ : AwbwðZ fwel¨Z †Kvb NUbv NU‡j Pzw³ cvjb n‡e
- G g‡g© NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡Z cv‡i|
2. AwbwðZ fwel¨r NUbv bv NUvi Dci wbf©ikxj Pzw³ : AwbwðZ fwel¨Z †Kvb NUbv bv NU‡j Pzw³
cvjb n‡e - G g‡g© NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡Z cv‡i|
3. Z…Zxq e¨w³i Kv‡h©i Dci wbf©ikxj Pzw³ : hw` Pzw³fy³ †Kvb KvR 3q c‡¶i nq Ges B³ KvR
m¤úv`b AwbwðZ nq, Z‡e ZvI NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ n‡Z cv‡i|
4. Z…Zxq e¨w³i wm×v‡š—i Dci wbf©ikxj Pzw³ : Pzw³ cvjb 3q c‡¶i wm×vš— Aaxb n‡j ZvI NUbv
mv‡c¶ Pzw³ e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
5. ag©NU cÖf„wZi Dci wbf©ikxj Pzw³ : A‡bK mgq ag©NU, `v½v BZ¨vw` AwbwðZ NUbvi Dci Pzw&³
wbf©ikxj n‡j cv‡i †m‡¶‡Î NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ n‡e| †hgb - ag©NU n‡j Hw`b Kg©Pvwi‡ì hvZvqvZ
fvZvi UvKv †`qv n‡e Ges ag©NU bv n‡j UvKv ‡`qv n‡e bv BZ¨vw`|
NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³i wbqgvejx/AvB‡bi weavb (Rules regarding contingnt contracts)

Pzw³ AvB‡bi 32 †_‡K 36 avivq NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ m¤ú‡K© KwZcq weavb i‡q‡Q, hv wbgœiƒc t-
1. AwbwðZ fwel¨r NUbv NUv (The happening of a future uncertain event) t †Kvb AwbwðZ
fwel¨r NUbv NU‡j †Kvb Kvh© m¤úvw`Z n‡e ev n‡e bv Giƒc †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j, hZw`b ch©š—
H NUbv bv NU‡e ZZw`b ch©šÍ H Pz&w³ AvBb KZ©„K ejer†hvM¨ n‡e bv| wKš‘ †Kvb Kvi‡Y hw` NUbv
NUv Am¤¢e nq - Z‡e Pz&w³ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| (aviv 32)|
2. AwbwðZ fwel¨r NUbv bv NUv (The non happening of future unertain event) t fwel¨r
†Kvb AwbwðZ NUbv bv NUv mv‡c‡¶ †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j H NUbv NUv hLbB Am¤¢e e‡j
cwiMwYZ n‡e, ZLbB Pzw³wU ejer †hvM¨ n‡e, Zvi c~‡e© bq (aviv 33)|
3. wbw`©ó Kvh© m¤úv`b wbf©i Pzw³ (Contingent contract depend upon the performance of
parlticular act) t †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z wKfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡e, Zvi Dci Pzw³ cvjb
wbf©ikxj n‡j Ges D³ e¨w³ hw` Ggb KvR K‡i hvi d‡j c~e© wm×vš— Abyhvqx Kvh© m¤úv`b Am¤¢e
n‡q c‡i Zvn‡j NUbv NUv Am¤¢e ej MY¨ n‡e Ges Pzw³ evwZj n‡e (aviv 34)|
4. wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ NUbv NUv (The happening of an event with in a fixed time) t †Kvb
AwbwðZ NUbv wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ NU‡j †Kvb KvR Kiv n‡e ev Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv n‡e, Giƒc
†Kvb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j D³ mg‡qi g‡a¨ NUbv bv NU‡j ev Zvi c~‡e©i Bnv NUv Am¤¢e e‡j cwiYZ
n‡j, D³ Pzw³ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e (aviv 35)|
wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ NUbv bv NUv t †Kvb AwbwðZ NUbv fwel¨‡Zi wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ bv NU‡j †Kvb
KvR Kiv n‡e ev weiZ _vKv n‡e - Giƒc †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j D³ mg‡qi g‡a¨ NUbv bv N‡U ev
D³ mg‡qi c~‡e©B Zv NUv Am¤¢e e‡j MY¨ nq, Z‡e Pzw³ ejer†hvM¨ n‡e|
5. †Kvb Am¤¢e NUbv NUv mv‡c‡¶ Pzw³ (Contingent contract upon the happening of
impossible event) t †Kvb Am¤¢e NUbv msNwVZ n‡j †Kvb KvR ev bv Kivi wel‡q Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z
n‡j, Pyw³ m¤úv`b mg‡q NUbvwUi m¤¢ve¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Dfq c‡¶i Rvbv _vKyK ev bv _vKzK - Pzw³wU evwZj
e‡j MY¨ n‡e (aviv 36)|
eëmvq AvBb
cvV ms‡¶c
êa Pzw³‡Z AvBb m½Z cÖwZ`vb I D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡e Ges Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~n Zv‡Z ¯^vaxb m¤§wZ †`‡e|
D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`vb DfqB êa bv n‡j Pzw³ wbõj n‡e| 23 aviv g‡Z wb‡gœv³ Ae¯’vq m¤§wZi D‡Ïk¨ I
cÖwZ`vb A‰ea e‡j MY¨ nq t-
1. hw` Bnv AvBb Øviv wbwl×
2. hw` Bnv †Kvb AvB‡bi weavb e¨_© K‡i †`q
3. hw` †Kvb m¤§wZ cÖZviYvg~jK nq
4. Bnv hw` Aci †Kvb e¨w³ ev Zvi m¤úwËi Rb¨ ¶wZKi nq
5. Av`vjZ hw` Bnv‡K bxwZ ewR©Z ev `yb©xwZg~jK e‡j g‡b K‡ib
6. Av`vjZ hw` Bnv‡K Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax g‡b K‡ib
e„wUk AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q - Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax m¤§wZ ej‡Z mgv‡Ri ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK~‡j m¤úvw`Z †Kvb m¤§wZ‡K
eySv‡e| wb‡gœ 12wU m¤§wZi K_v Av‡jvPbv n‡”Q, hv Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax t-
1. we‡`kx kÎyi mv‡_ evwYR¨
2. Av`vj‡Zi wePv‡i evav m„wó Kiv m¤§wZ
3. AvB‡bi Kvh©avivi Aceënvi
4. miKvwi PvKywi, gh©v`v ev †LZve µq-weµq
5. KZ©‡eï weiy‡× ¯^v_© m„wóKvix m¤§wZ
6. †h m¤§wZ e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZeÜK
7. wcZvgvZvi AwaKv‡i evav m„wóKvix m¤§wZ
8. weev‡ni cÖwZeÜK m¤§wZ
9. ¯^vaxb †ckv I evwY‡R¨ cÖwZeÜK m¤§wZ
10. êevwnK KZ©e¨ m¤úv`‡b cÖwZeÜK m¤§wZ
11. weev‡ni `vjvjx m¤§wZ
12. †hŠZzK cÖ`v‡bi m¤§wZ
†h †¶‡Î GKvwaK D‡Ïk¨; wKš‘ GKwU gvÎ cÖwZ`vb; †m‡¶‡Î 1wU D‡Ïk¨ A‰ea n‡jB m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j
MY¨ n‡e| Avevi †h †¶‡Î 1wU gvÎ D‡Ïk¨ wKš‘ GKvwaK cÖwZ`vb; †m‡¶‡Î GKwU cÖwZ`vb A‰ea n‡jB
m¤§wZ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| †h †¶‡Î êa I A‰ea Dfq cÖKvi Kvh© Kwievi Rb¨ `yB c¶B A½xKvie×
Ges H m¤§wZi êa I A‰ea Ask c„_K Kiv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î A‰ea Ask wbõj m¤§wZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e| hw`
m¤§wZ‡Z weKí A½xKvi we`¨gvb _v‡K Ges hw` Zvi 1wU êa I AciwU A‰ea nq, Zv n‡j ïay êa Ask
cÖeZ©b Kiv hv‡e Ges A‰ea Ask evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| ‡Kvb NUbv NUv ev bv NUvi k‡Z© †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZ
cÖ`Ë n‡j Zv‡K NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ e‡j| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 32 †_‡K 36 avivq NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³ m¤ú‡K©
KwZcq weavb i‡q‡Q, hv wbgœiƒc t-
1. AwbwðZ fwel¨r NUbv NUv
2. AwbwðZ fwel¨r NUbv bv NUv
3. wbw`©ó Kvh© m¤úv`b wbf©i Pzw³
4. wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ NUbv NUv
5. †Kvb Am¤¢e NUbv NUv mv‡c‡¶ Pzw³
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Pzw³ cvjb (Performance of Contract)
D‡Ïk¨
Pzw³ cvjb wK Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Pzw³ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
†K Pzw³ cvjb Ki‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
†hŠ_ AwaKvi I `vq eZ©v‡bv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ Ges G m¤ú„³ wbqgvejx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
†h me Pzw³ cvjb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †bB Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq I ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘
Pzw³ Øviv Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ AvBbMZ AwaKvi I `vq-`vwqZ¡ Rb¥vq/m„wó nq Ges Zv cvj‡b ev cvj‡bi
cÖ¯—ve Ki‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K c¶ eva¨ _v‡K| Pzw³ cvjb ej‡Z Pzw³i kZ© ‡gvZv‡eK cÖ‡Z¨K c¶‡K Kvh©
m¤úv`b ev Kvh© m¤úv`‡b weiZ _vKv‡K eySvq| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 37 aviv g‡Z †h mKj ‡¶‡Î AvBb ev
ejer‡hvM¨ Ab¨ ‡Kvb AvB‡bi Øviv cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi `vq n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ †`qv n‡q‡Q, †m mKj †¶Î Qvov
evKx mKj †¶‡Î Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~n Zv‡ì wbR wbR cÖwZkÖywZ Aek¨B cvjb Ki‡e ev cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve
Ki‡e|
37 avivq AviI ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Pzw³‡Z †Kvb wfbœ D‡Ïk¨ bv _vK‡j Pzw³ cvj‡bi c~‡e© †Kvb
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi g„Zy¨ n‡j H Pzw³ cvj‡bi `vq g„Z e¨w³i cÖwZwbwai Dc‡ii eZ©v‡e|
Pzw³ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve (The Offer to perform contract) t Pzw³‡Z cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡K cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb ev
cvj‡bi cÖ¯—ve Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve‡K ejv nq `vwLj ev Tender| Zvn‡j eySv hv‡”Q †h,
Tender Pzw³ cvjb bq, cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve gvÎ|
Pzw³ cvj‡bi Rb¨ GB Tender AvBbvbyM (Legally valid) n‡Z n‡e| wb‡gœi 4wU kZ© cvwjZ n‡j a‡i
†bqv n‡e Tender AvBbvbyM n‡q‡Q t
1. Tender kZ©nxb n‡e (The tender must be unconditional) t Pzw³ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve kZ©nxb n‡e|
A_©vr kZ©mv‡c¶ †Kvb cÖ¯Íve Pzw³ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv| †hgb -
K. 1 UvKvi fvovq 5 UvKv †`qv Pj‡e bv| G‡Z evKx 4 UvKv ‡diZ ‡èvi kZ©v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q|
L. we‡`kx gy`ªvq ev †P‡K `vwLK Kiv Pj‡e bv| cÖPwjZ gy`ªvq Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. cÖ¯Íve h_v¯’v‡b Ges h_vmg‡q Ki‡Z n‡e (Tender must be made at a proper time &
Place) t cÖ¯Íve h_vmg‡q Ges h_v¯’v‡b Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY -
K. Bnv Ggb Ae¯’vq Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †h e¨w³i wbKU cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m Zv m¤úv`b MÖn‡Yi
hyw³m½Z my‡hvM cvq Ges
eëmvq AvBb
L. cÖ¯ÍveK cÖ¯Íve Abyhvqx hv Ki‡Z eva¨, Zv `ªyZ m¤úv`‡b ivRx I mg_© nq|
h_v¯’vb I h_vmgq t wK eySv‡e Zv Pzw³ AvB‡bi 46-50 avivq D‡jøL Av‡Q (hv G cv‡Vi †kl As‡k
D‡j- L Kiv n‡q‡Q)|
3. hyw³m½Z my‡hvM `vb (Reasonable opportunity to inspect) t cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv‡K Pzw³i kZ©
†gvZv‡eK wRwb‡mi gvb, cwigvY BZ¨vw` mieivn Kiv n‡”Q wKbv, Zv cwi`k©b Kivi hyw³m½Z mgq w`‡Z
n‡e|
4. GKvwaK cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi †¶‡Î cÖ¯Íve (Tender offer in accordance of several promisce) t
†Kvb Pzw³‡Z GKvwaK cÖwZkªwZMÖnxZv _vK‡j cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv †h †Kvb GKRb cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi wbKU Bnv
cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve Ki‡jB Zv AvBbvbyM n‡e|
cÖwZkÖywZKvh© MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZi cwiYvg t cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cvj‡b cÖ¯‘Z, wKš‘ cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Zv MÖn‡Y cÖ¯‘Z
bq - Giƒc ‡¶‡Î Pzw³ f½ n‡e Ges cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
cÖwZkÖyZ Kvh© cÖ`v‡b A¯^xK…wZi cwiYvg t Aciw`‡K cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv MÖn‡Y cÖ¯‘Z wKš‘ cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv Zv
MÖn‡b cÖ¯‘Z bq - Giƒc †¶‡ÎI Pzw³ f½ Ges cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
‡K Pzw³ cvjb Ki‡e (Who is to perform the contract) t †K Pzw³ cvjb Ki‡e Zv Pzw³ AvB‡bi
40-43 avivq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb
1. e¨w³MZfv‡e cvjb (Performance by the promisor himself) t hw` †Kvb †¶‡Î Pzw³i cÖK…wZ
Øviv eySv hvq †h, Pzw³fy³ Kvh© Pzw³fy³ c¶ ¯^qs m¤úv`b Ki‡e, Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î Zv Aek¨B
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡K cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| (aviv 40)| A_©vr †h †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi e¨w³MZ ˆbcyY¨,
†hvM¨Zv, iywP I mbvg Pzw³ Acwinvh© welq †m‡¶‡Î Zv cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cvj‡b eva¨|
2. cÖwZwbwai Øviv cvjb (Performance by agent) t †h †¶‡Î Pzw³i cÖK…wZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq bv †h
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv ¯^qs cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Ki‡e, †m‡¶‡Î Zvi cÖwZwbwa ev Dchy³ †jvK Zv cvjb Ki‡Z
cv‡i| (aviv 40)|
3. Z…Zxq c‡¶i Øviv cvjb (Performance by the third Party) t cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv hw` †Kvb 3q
c‡¶i wbKU n‡Z cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb MÖnY K‡ib| Z‡e, wZwb cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi wbKU Zv cvj‡bi `vwe
Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| (41 aviv)|
4. cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi g„Zy¨ ci cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb (Performance of promise after the death of
the promisor) t
K. cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi mv‡_ hw` e¨w³MZ ˆbcyY¨, †hvM¨Zv, iywP, mybvg RwoZ _v‡K Z‡e, cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi
g„Zzï mv‡_ mv‡_ Pzw³i cwimgvwß NU‡e, DËivwaKvi ev cÖwZwbwai Dci `vq-`vwqZ¡ eZ©v‡e bv|
L. wKš‘ cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi mv‡_ hw` e¨w³MY ˆbcyY¨ RwoZ bv _v‡K Z‡e, cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi g„Zzï ci
Zvi DËivwaKvi ev cÖwZwbwa‡K Zv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. hy³fv‡e cÖ`Ë cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb (Performance of joint promise) t †hŠ_fv‡e †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`Ë
n‡j †m‡¶‡Î cÖwZkÖyZ mKj c¶ †hŠ_fv‡e ev c„_K-c„_K fv‡e Zv cvj‡b eva¨ _vK‡e|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
†hŠ_ AwaKvi I `vq eZ©v‡bv (Devolution of joint rights & Liabilties)

hy³ m¤§wZ (Joint Agreement) t `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ hLb †Kvb wel‡q GK ev GKvwaK c‡¶i mv‡_
cÖwZkÖywZe× nq, Zv‡K hy³ m¤§wZ e‡j| hy³ m¤§wZ‡Z AwaKvi, cÖwZkÖywZ I `vq-`vwqZ¡ cvj‡b wewfbœ
mgm¨v †`Lv ‡`q| G m¤ú‡K© Pzw³ AvB‡bi 42-45 avivq wbgœiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q -
1. †hŠ_ `vwq‡Z¡i †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb (Performance of Promise on joint liability) t †hŠ_
cÖwZkÖywZi †¶‡Î Pzw³‡Z wfbœ †Kvb B”Qv cÖgvwYZ bv n‡j -
K. mK‡j RxweZ Ae¯’vq _vK‡j mK‡j,
L. Zv‡ì Kv‡iv g„Zz¨‡Z, Zvi cÖwZwbwa,
M. †h ev hviv RxweZ Av‡Q Zviv GK‡hv‡M,
N. Ges me©‡kl †h RxweZ _vK‡e Zvi g„Zzï ci mK‡ji cÖwZwbwaiv cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Ki‡e| (42 aviv)|
2. †hŠ_ A½xKv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb (Performance of Promise of joint Promise) t †h

†¶‡Î GKvwaK e¨w³ †hŠ_fv‡e †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb K‡i, †m‡¶‡Î Pzw³‡Z wfbœiƒc wKQz bv _vK‡j
cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡ì †h †Kn‡K ev GKvwaK e¨w³‡K m¤ú~Y© Pzw³ cvj‡b eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
(43 aviv 1g Aby‡”Q`)|
3. mgfv‡e cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb (Performance of Promise equally on joint Promise) t †hŠ_
Pzw³‡Z wfbœiƒc wKQz ev †Kvb kZ© bv _vK‡j cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv mgvbfv‡e cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡b eva¨|
(43 avivq 2q Aby‡”Q`)|
4. Amvg‡_©ï ev Pzw³ cvjb bv Kivi ¶wZ (Sharing of loss for non-performance of
Promise)t hw` GK ev GKvwaK cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡b e¨_© nq, Z‡e evKx †hŠ_
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡ì †mB e¨_©Zv ev Amvg‡_©ï ¶wZ mgvbfv‡e c~i‡Y eva¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| (43 avivq 3q
Aby‡”Q`)|
5. `vq Ae¨vnwZi dj (Effect of release of liability) t cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv hw` hy³ cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡ì
GKRb‡K cÖwZkÖyZ `vq cvjb n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb K‡i Zvn‡jI Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvMY `vqgy³ n‡e
bv Ges hv‡K Ae¨vnwZ †`qv n‡q‡Q, wZwb Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZkÖywZ `vZv‡ì wbKU `vqx _v‡Kb| (44 aviv)|
6. hy³ cÖwZkÖywZi †¶‡Î †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi g„Zz¨ (Any Promise death upon Promise) t GK
e¨w³ ev eû e¨w³i wbKU cÖ`Ë †hŠ_ cÖwZkÖywZ‡Z Pzw³‡Z †Kvb wfbœ AwfcÖvq/B”Qv/kZ© bv _vK‡j mKj
cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv GK‡hv‡M D³ cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi Rb¨ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi
g„Zy¨ nq Z‡e, Zvi AvBbMZ cÖwZwbwa RxweZ Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv‡ì mv‡_ Pzw³ cvj‡bi `vwe
Ki‡Z cv‡i| D‡jøL¨ me©‡kl RxweZ cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi g„Zz¨ n‡j mK‡ji AvBbMZ cÖwZwbwa H cÖwZkÖywZ
†hŠ_fv‡e (Kvh©Ki Kiv‡bvi AwaKvix n‡e) cvj‡bi `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| (45 aviv)|
eëmvq AvBb
cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ (Reciprocal Promise) t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 2(P) aviv g‡Z hLb †Kn †Kvb KvR Kivi
ev KvR n‡Z weiZ _vKvi cÖwZkÖywZ Aci c‡¶i Abyiƒc KvR Kiv ev bv Kivi wec‡¶ cÖwZ`vb wnmv‡e
cÖ`vb K‡i, Zv‡K cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ e‡j|
Ab¨fv‡e hLb †Kvb GK c¶ Ab¨ †Kvb GK c¶ KZ©„K fwel¨‡Z †Kvb Kvh© Kivi ev bv Kivi cÖwZkÖywZ
mv‡c‡¶ fwel¨‡Z †Kvb Kvh© Kivi ev bv Kivi cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb K‡i, ZLb Zv‡K cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ e‡j|
‡gvU K_v, cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ GKwU AciwUi Dci wbf©ikxj| G‡¶‡Î GKc‡¶i cÖwZkÖywZ‡K Aci
c‡¶i cÖwZkÖywZi cÖwZ`vb ejv hvq|
cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb msµvšÍ wbqgvejx (Rules Regarding the Performance of
Reciprocal Promise) t evsjv‡`‡k ejer‡hvM¨ Pzw³ AvB‡bi 51-54 aviv Ges 56 I 57 avivq
cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb m¤ú‡K© †h wbqgvejx i‡q‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc t-
1. cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi Avek¨KZv (Neccssity for Performance of Promise) t †h †¶‡Î Dfq
cÖwZkÖywZ GKB mg‡q cvwjZ n‡e e‡j Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq †m †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Zvi cÖwZkÖywZ
cvj‡b m¤§Z Ges cÖ¯‘Z bv n‡j cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi ¯^xq cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi ìKvi †bB| (51 aviv)|
2. cvj‡bi µgch©vq (Performance of Promise in Order) t †h †¶‡Î Pzw³‡Z D‡j- L _v‡K †h,
cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZmg~n µgch©v‡q cvwjZ n‡e| ‡m †¶‡Î Aek¨B Giƒc n‡Z n‡e Z‡e µgch©vq
Pzw³‡Z wbw`©ó bv _vK‡j †jb‡`‡bi cÖK„wZ Abyhvqx cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| (52 aviv)|
3. evav †èvi dj (Effect of Preventing Performance) t †h †¶‡Î Pzw³ ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZkÖywZ
Øviv MwVZ Ges Pzw³i GK c¶ Aci c¶‡K cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡b evav cÖ`vb K‡i, †m‡¶‡Î evavcÖvß
c‡¶i B”Qv Abymv‡i Pzw³wU evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e Ges Pzw³ cvjb bv nevi Rb¨ evavcÖvß c‡¶i †h ¶wZ
n‡e Zvi ¶wZc~iY cÖwZc‡¶i †_‡K cvevi AwaKvix n‡e| (53 aviv)|
4. Pzw³ cvwjZ bv nevi ¶wZ (Effect of Non-Performance) t cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZi Øviv
m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ hw` Giƒc nq †h, cÖ_g/GK c‡¶i cÖwZkÖywZ cvwjZ bv n‡j Aci c‡¶i cÖwZkÖwZ cvjb
m¤¢e bq ev `vwe Kiv hvq bv| Zvn‡j cÖ_g c¶ Zvi cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb bv Ki‡j Aci c‡¶i cÖwZkÖywZ
cvjb `vwe Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges cÖwZkÖywZ cvwjZ bv nIqvq 2q c‡¶i †Kvb ¶wZ n‡j cÖ_g c¶ Zv
c~i‡Y eva¨ _vK‡e| (54 aviv)|
5. Am¤¢e Kvh© (Promise to Perform Impossible Act) t Am¤¢e Kvh© m¤úv`b Pzw³ evwZj|
Gfv‡e †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b Pzw³ ïiy‡Z êa n‡jI c‡i Zv Am¤¢e/†eAvBwb n‡j evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e
(56 aviv)|
6. ‰ea-A‰ea Kv‡h©i cÖwZkÖywZ (Promise to Perform Legal & Illegal Act) t cvi¯úwiK Pzw³‡Z
êa I A‰ea Dfq KvR Kivi cÖwZkÖywZ _vK‡j êa KvR Kivi cÖwZkÖywZ ejer‡hvM¨| wKš‘ A‰ea KvR
cÖwZkÖywZ ejej‡hvM¨ bq| (aviv 57)|
†h me Pzw³ cvjb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB (Which Contract need not to be Performed) t †h me
Pzw³ cvjb cÖ‡qvRb †bB Zv Pzw³ AvB‡b 62-64 Ges 67 avivq D‡j- L Kiv n‡q‡Q -
1. cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZi Øviv Ae¨vnwZ (Discharge by Mutual Agreement) t hw` Pzw³fy³ c¶
cyivZb Pzw³i ¯’‡j b~Zb Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i A_ev Zv cwieZ©b cwiea©b K‡i Zv evwZj K‡i Z‡e,
cyivZb Pzw³ cvj‡b cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| (aviv 62)|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
2. cÖywZkÖywZ cvj‡bi `vwe cwiZ¨vM (Remit the Performance of Promise) t †h †¶‡Î

cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Pzw³i d‡j Zvi AwR©Z AwaKvi myweav ev ¯^v_© m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK cwinvi K‡i, †m
‡¶‡Î Pzw³ ev Pzw³i Ask we‡kl cvjb cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| (aviv 63)|
3. evwZj‡hvM¨ Pzw³ evwZj †NvlYv (Voidable Contract when Declared Void) t †h †¶‡Î Pzw³i
†Kvb c‡¶i B”Qvbymv‡i Zv evwZj‡hvM¨ nq Ges D³ c¶ Pzw³ evwZj e‡j ‡NvlYv K‡i -Giƒc †¶‡Î
Aci c¶‡K Pzw³ cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| (aviv 64)|
4. Pzw³ cvj‡bi my‡hv‡Mi Afve (Lach of Facilities for Performance) t †h †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡K Pzw³ cvj‡bi Rb¨ hyw³m½Z my‡hvM w`‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i ev Ae‡njv K‡i ev Zv †`qv
†_‡K weiZ _v‡K Z‡e, GB my‡hv‡Mi AfveRwbZ Kvi‡Y cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi †Kvb `vq _v‡K bv| (aviv
67)|
cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi mgq I ¯’vb (The Time and Place of Performance of Promise) t cÖwZkÖywZ
KLb cvwjZ n‡e Zv Dfq c¶ Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL _v‡K| Pzw³ AvB‡bi 46-50 avivq G m¤úwK©Z weavb
i‡q‡Q, hv wbgœiƒc t-
1. webv Av‡e`‡b Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq (Time of Performance without Application) t †h †¶‡Î
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi webv Av‡e`‡b cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡b eva¨ ev Iqv`ve×| †m †¶‡Î hyw³m½Z
mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| hyw³m½Z mgq Pzw³i cvwicvwk¦K Ae¯’v I Z_¨mg~n wePvi-
we‡kølY K‡i wba©vwiZ n‡e| (aviv 46)|
2. †h †¶‡Î Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgqI ¯’vb wbw`©ó (Where Time & Place Certain of Performance)t
†h †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi Av‡e`b QvovB cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv †Kvb wbw`©ó w`‡b cvj‡b m¤§Z n‡q‡Q, †m
†¶‡Î Zv‡K H w`‡bi ¯^vfvweK Kvh© mg‡q Ges wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Zv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| (aviv 47)|
3. wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi Av‡e`b (Application for Performance of Promise on a
Certain Day) t †h ‡¶‡Î Pzw³ cvj‡bi wbw`©ó w`b _v‡K wKš‘ cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv Aci c‡¶i webv
Av‡e`‡b Pzw³ cvj‡b m¤§Z nb bv, †m †¶‡Î Dchy³ ¯’vb I ¯^vfvweK Kvh© mg‡q cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi
Rb¨ cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv‡K Av‡e`b Rvbv‡Z n‡e| Dchy³ ¯’vb I mgq Pzw³i cvwicvwk¦K Ae¯’v we‡ePbv
K‡i wba©vwiZ n‡e| (aviv 48)|
4. hyw³m½Z ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi Av‡e`b (Application for Fixation of Reasonable Place) t †h
†¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi webv Av‡e`‡b Pzw³ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Pzw³ cvj‡bi ¯’vb wbw`©ó Kiv nqwb|
†m †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi KZ©e¨ n‡jv - cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi wbKU Pzw³ cvj‡bi hyw³m½Z ¯’vb wbw`©ó Kivi
Rb¨ Av‡e`b Kiv Ges Av‡e`‡bi Av‡jv‡K wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Kiv| (aviv 49)|
5. cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi Aby‡gv`bµ‡g cvjb (Performance may be Made by the Sanction of
Promisee) t cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi Aby‡gv`bµ‡g †h †Kvb fv‡e ev †h †Kvb mg‡q cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| (aviv 50)|
eëmvq AvBb
wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb bv Kivi dj (Effects of nonperformance of promise with
in stipulated time) t wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwZkÖywZ cvwjZ bv n‡j cwiYvg wK n‡e Zv Pzw³ AvB‡bi 55
avivq D‡j- L i‡q‡Q, hv wbgœiƒc t-
1. mgq Acwinvh© Dcv`vb t mgq hw` Pzw³i Acwinvh© Ask nq Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ hw` Pzw³ cvwjZ
bv nq Z‡e H Pzw³ cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi B”Qv Abymv‡i evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e| Z‡e, c¶mg~‡ni Giƒc B”Qv
cÖwZkÖywZ‡Z e¨³ n‡Z n‡e|
2. mgq hLb Acwinvh© Dcv`vb bq t mgq Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`vb bv n‡j Ges Giƒc ‡¶‡Î wbw`©ó
mg‡qi g‡a¨ Pzw³ cvwjZ bv n‡j Pzw³ evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| Giƒc †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi hw` †Kvb
¶wZ nq Z‡e wZwb ¶wZc~iY `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
3. cÖwZkÖyZ mg‡q Pzw³ cvj‡b e¨_© I c‡i cvjb t †h †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cÖwZkÖyZ mg‡q Pzw³ cvj‡b e¨_©
nq Ges d‡j Pzw³ evwZj‡hvM¨ nq †m †¶‡Î hw` cieZ©x‡Z cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cvjb K‡i Ges
cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Zv MÖnY K‡i, Z‡e wej¤^ Kivi Rb¨ Zvi †h ¶wZ n‡q‡Q Zv c~i‡Yi `vwe hw` ‡m Pzw³
MÖnY mg‡q bv K‡i, cieZ©x ch©v‡q Zv Avi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
cvV ms‡¶c
Pzw³i Øviv m„ó cvi¯úwiK AwaKvi, `vq-`vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv ev cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve‡KB Pzw³ cvjb ejv nq|
cvjb Kiv ev cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve‡KB Pzw³ cvjb ejv nq| cvjb ev cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve Aek¨B AvBb wm× n‡Z
n‡e| Pzw³ e¨w³MZfv‡e, cÖwZwbwa Øviv, 3q c¶ ØvivB g~jZ cvjb Kiv hvq| Z‡e †Kvb e¨wZµg bv n‡j
‡hŠ_ Pzw³‡K mK‡j wg‡j-wg‡k †hŠ_fv‡eB cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Kv‡iv g„Zz¨ n‡j Zvi cÖwZwbwa ev
mK‡ji g„Zz¨ n‡j Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwaiv cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Ki‡e| wKš‘ e¨w³MZ ˆbcyb¨, †hvM¨Zv, iywP, mybvg
BZ¨vw` RwoZ _vK‡j cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi g„Zz¨ n‡j Pzw³i cwimgvwß NU‡e|
hLb †Kvb GK c¶ Ab¨ †Kvb GK c¶ KZ©„K fwel¨‡Z †Kvb Kvh© Kivi ev bv Kivi cÖwZkÖywZ mv‡c‡¶
fwel¨‡Z †Kvb Kvh© Kivi ev bv Kivi cÖwZkÖywZ cÖ`vb K‡i, ZLb Zv‡K cvi¯úwiK cÖwZkÖywZ e‡j| Giƒc
cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi KwZcq wbqgvejx i‡q‡Q| Avevi Ae¨vnwZi weavbI i‡q‡Q| Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq I ¯’vb
wbw`©ó _vK‡j H mg‡qB Zv Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ hw` Zv wbw`©ó bv _v‡K Z‡e, G m¤úwK©Z Pzw³ AvB‡bi weavb
†g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Pzw³i cwimgvwß ev Ae¨vnwZ

(Termination or Discharge of Contract)
D‡Ïk¨
Pzw³i cwimgvwßi msÁv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Pzw³i cwimgvwßi cš’v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
DËiKvjxb Am¤¢ve¨Zv I Zvi cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
e¨_©Zvi ZË¡, Bnvi wfwË mxgve×Zv I cwiYvg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘
Pzw³ Øviv mswkøó c‡¶i g‡a¨ AwaKvi I `v‡qi m„wó nq, hLb GB AwaKvi ev `v‡qi Aemvb N‡U, Zv‡K
Pzw³i cwimgvwß ev `vqgyw³ ev Ae¨vnwZ e‡j| †hgb- ÔKÕ ÔLÕ -†K 1000 UvKvi cY¨ mieiv‡ni Pzw³
K‡i| cY¨ cÖ`vb Ges UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai mv‡_ mv‡_ Pzw³i cwimgvwß n‡e|
cwimgvwßi c×wZ ev cš’v (Methods or Ways of Terminating a Contract) t wbgœwjwLZ cš’vq
Pzw³i cwimgvwß N‡U _v‡K -
1. Pzw³ cvjb Øviv
2. cvj‡bi cÖ¯—ve Øviv
3. Pzw³fy³ mKj c‡¶i cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZ Øviv
K) bevqb ev cÖwZ¯’vcb
L) cwieZ©b
M) i`KiY
N) mswgkªY ev wejxb
4. cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi B‡”Q Abymv‡i
K) gIKzd ev wb¯‹…wZ
L) cwinvi
5. Pzw³ cvj‡bi Am¤¢ve¨Zvi Rb¨
K) Pzw³i †Kvb Acwinvh© Dcv`v‡bi aŸsm
L) AvB‡bi cwieZ©b
M) c~e©k‡Z©i e¨_©Zv
N) e¨w³MZ A¶gZv
O) hy× †NvlYv
6. AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM Øviv
K) †`Dwjqv †NvlYv
L) g„Z
7. Aci c‡¶i m¤§wZ Qvov ¸iyZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©b Øviv
8. mgq AwZµ‡gi Øviv Ges
9. Pzw³f‡½i Øviv|
eëmvq AvBb
1. Pzw³ cvjb Øviv (By Performance) t Pzw³‡Z hv Kiv ev bv Kivi cÖwZkÖywZ _v‡K, Zv cvjb Øviv
Pzw³ cwimgvwß nq| Pzw³fy³ †Kvb c¶ Zvi cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Ki‡j `vqgy³ nq| Pzw³fy³ mKj c¶
Zv‡ì cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Ki‡j mK‡j `vqgy³ nq| d‡j Pzw³i cwimgvwß N‡U| GUvB Pzw³ cwimgvwßi
mnR I mvaviY cš’v|
2. cvjb cÖ¯—ve (By tender) t GK c¶ hw` cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve †`q, wKš‘ Aci c¶ hw`
cÖwZkÖywZ MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZ †`q, Z‡e Pzw³i cwimgvwß N‡U| G‡Z cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi †Kvb `vq _v‡K bv Ges
Zvi AwaKviI bó nq bv|
3. Pzw³fy³ mKj c‡¶i m¤§wZ Øviv (By all Parties Mutual Agreement) t Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~n
cvi¯úwiK Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi Øviv Zv‡ì cyivZb Pzw³i ¯’‡j bZzb Pzw³ m¤úv`b, iè`j ev cwieZ©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j cyivZb Pyw³ evwZj nq, cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb _v‡K bv|
62 aviv g‡Z, Pzw³ mswkøó c¶mg~n hw` Zv‡ì m¤úvw`Z Pzw³i cwieZ©‡b bZzb Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i ev
Dnv i` ev cwieZ©b K‡i, Z‡e g~j Pzw³ cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
Efqc‡¶i m¤§wZ Øviv wbgœiƒc 4 fv‡e Pzw³ cwimgvwß N‡U -
(K). bevqb ev bZzbKiY ev bexKiY (Novation) t eZ©gvb Pzw³i cwie‡Z© bZzb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡j
Zv‡K bevqb e‡j
Bsj¨v‡Ûi jW© mfvq GK gvgjvq jW© †kjeY© e‡jb GB byZb Pzw³ cyivZb Pzw³fy³ c‡¶i g‡a¨
n‡Z cv‡i A_ev, bZzb ‡Kvb c‡¶i g‡aÏ n‡Z cv‡i|
Scarf v. Jardine gvgjvq wePvicwZ Gbmb e‡jb mK‡ji m¤§wZµ‡g Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~‡ni
cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv‡K bevqb ejv DwPZ| bevqb eva¨Zvg~jK n‡Z cv‡i bv|
bevq‡bi ‡kªYx t eZ©gvb Kv‡j bevqb‡K 2 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq -
i) Pzw³fy³ c‡¶i cwieZ©b Øviv t Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~‡ni m¤§wZµ‡g c¶ cwieZ©‡bi Øviv GUv n‡Z
cv‡i|
ii) cyivZb Pzw³i cwie‡Z© bZzb Pzw³ MÖn‡Yi Øviv t we`¨gvb Pzw³i cwieZ©b ev Z`¯’‡j bZzb Pzw³
MVb Øviv GUv n‡Z cv‡i|
(L) cwieZ©b (Alteration) t mKj c‡¶i m¤§wZµ‡g Pzw³i GK ev GKvwaK k‡Z©i cwieZ©b‡K
cwieZ©b e‡j| cwieZ©‡bi d‡j c~e© Pzw³ evwZj Ges bZzb Pzw³ Kvh©Ki n‡e| Z‡e, Ab¨ c‡¶i
m¤§wZ Qvov wjwLZ Pzw³i kZ© cwieZ©b Kiv n‡j Ae‡nwjZ c‡¶i B‡”Q Abymv‡i evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e|
(M) i`KiY ev LvwiR (Rescission) t Pzw³i me KÕwU ev K‡qKwU kZ© evwZj n‡q †M‡j, Zv‡K i`KiY
ev LvwiR e‡j| (62 aviv)| †hme Kvi‡Y Pzw³ i`KiY n‡e Zv n‡jv t-
cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZ Øviv Pzw³ i` n‡Z cv‡i, Pzw³i GK c¶ Zvi `vq cvjb bv Ki‡j Acic¶
Pzw³f½RwbZ ¶wZc~iY `vwe A¶zYœ †i‡L Pzw³ i` Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges evwZj‡hvM¨ Pzw³i †¶‡Î
¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ B‡”Q Ki‡j Pzw³ iZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
(N) mswgkªY ev wejxb (Merger) t †h †¶‡Î Pzw³i g‡a¨ D”P AwaKvi Ges wbgœ AwaKv‡ii mswgkªY
N‡U, †m‡¶‡Î D”P AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ wbgœ AwaKvi wejxb n‡q ‡M‡j Zv‡KB mswgkªY ev wejxb e‡j|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
†hgb - ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K Rwg BRviv (eM©v) w`‡qwQj| Gevi wewµB K‡i w`j| wewµ gva¨‡g BRviv
AwaKv‡ii wejyß n‡jv|
4. cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi B‡”Q Abymv‡i (By the will of Promisor) t Pzw³i d‡j Pzw³fy³ GK c‡¶i
AwaKv‡ii m„wó nq| GB c¶ B”Qv Ki‡j Pzw³ cwimgvwß NUv‡Z cv‡i| 63 aviv g‡Z cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv
Zv‡K, cÖ`Ë cÖwZkÖywZ AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y© gIKzd Ki‡Z cv‡i ev cvj‡bi mgq iwnZ ev MÖnY Ki‡Z
cv‡i| myZivs G‡¶‡Î wb‡gœv³fv‡e Pzw³i cwimgvwß NU‡Z cv‡i t
(K) gIKzd ev wb¯‹…wZ (Remission) t Pzw³‡Z hv cÖwZkÖyZ n‡q‡Q Dnvi A‡c¶v Kg ev AvswkK MÖn‡Yi
m¤§wZ‡K wb¯‹„wZ ev gIKzd e‡j| 63 aviv t cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Zv‡K cÖ`Ë cÖwZkÖywZ m¤ú~Y© ev
AvswkK gIKzd ev Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡ib ev Zv cvj‡bi mgq evov‡Z cv‡ib ev Bnvi cwieZ©‡b wZwb hv
Dchy³ e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hwÌ gIKzd ev wb¯‹„wZi †Kvb cÖwZ`vb †bB ZeyI
Zv êa|
(L) cwinvi (Waiver) t hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Pzw³ n‡Z Zvi cÖvc¨ AwaKvi †¯^”Qvq Z¨vM K‡i Zv‡K cwinvi
e‡j| cwinv‡ii Øviv Aci c‡¶i `vq †jvc cvq Ges Zv‡K Zvi Pzw³ cvjb Ki‡Z nq bv|
5. Pzw³ cvj‡bi Am¤¢ve¨Zvi Øviv (Discharge by Impossibility of Performance) t 56 aviv
g‡Z Am¤¢e Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Pzw³ ïiy‡ZB evwZj| Giƒc Pzw³ Øviv †Kvb `vq-`vwqZ¡ Rb¥vq bv| †hgb-
nv‡Z Puv` G‡b †èvi Pzw³| Avevi †Kvb Pzw³ eZ©gv‡b cvjb‡hvM¨ n‡jI cieZ©x Kv‡j Zv cvjb
Am¤¢e ev †eAvBbx n‡Z cv‡i (†Kvb NUbv ev †Kvb Kvi‡Y) Pzw³ m¤úv`bvi ci GBiƒc Am¤¢ve¨Zv‡K
Pzw³ DËiKvjxb Am¤¢ve¨Zv e‡j|
wewfbœ Kvi‡Y DËiKvjxb Am¤¢ve¨Zvi Øviv Pzw³ cwimgvß n‡Z cv‡i-
K. Pzw³i †Kvb Acwinvh© Dcv`v‡bi aŸsm t Pzw³ cvj‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Dcw¯’wZ GKvš— ìKvi
n‡j Ges †Kvb c‡¶i †`vl Qvov Zv aŸsm n‡j Pzw³ evwZj| †Kvb c‡¶iB `vq _v‡K bv| †hgb -
gvjvgvj cy‡o hvIqv, RvnvR Wy‡e hvIqv, †cvKvq exR bó BZ¨vw`|
L. AvB‡bi cwieZ©b Øviv t Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi ci AvB‡bi cwieZ©b Øviv †Kvb Pzw³ †eAvBbx n‡Z cv‡i ev
n‡Z cv‡i cvj‡b Am¤¢e| Giƒc Pzw³ evwZj Ges †Kvb c‡¶iB `vq _v‡K bv|
M. c~e© k‡Z©i e¨_©Zv t †h †¶‡Î †Kvb we‡kl Ae¯’vi Aweivg Dcw¯’wZ ev NUbv msNU‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i
Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq, †h‡¶‡Î D³ Ae¯’v we`¨gvb bv _vK‡j ev H NUbv bv NU‡j Pzw³i cwimgvwß
NU‡e| †hgb -
i) K Gi mv‡_ L Gi we‡q nevi K_v, wKš‘ wbw`©ó w`‡bi c~‡e©B K cvMj n‡q †Mj|
ii) ÔKÕ ÔLÕ †K we‡q Ki‡j M 50 nvRvi UvKv w`‡e| wKš‘ we‡q bv Ki‡j H UvKv cv‡e bv|
N. e¨w³MZ A¶gZv t †h †¶‡Î Pzw³ GKc‡¶i `¶Zv, †hvM¨Zv, ˆbcy‡Yï Øviv m„wó nq †m‡¶‡Î H
c‡¶i A¶gZv ev g„Zy¨ Øviv Pzw³i cwimgvwß N‡U| †hgb - Awfbq Kivi K_v; wKš‘ wkíxi nVvr g„Zy¨,
Pzw³ evwZj|
eëmvq AvBb
O. hy× †NvlYv t `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ hy× †NvwlZ nevi ci we‡`kx kÎyi mv‡_ Pzw³ ïiy‡ZB evwZj hy‡×i
c~‡e©i Pzw³i fwel¨Z cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡e| mvaviYZ mvgwqK ¯’wMZ Ges hy× †k‡l cybtcÖeZ©b
Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e Pzw³ cvj‡b myweav bv n‡j ev kÎy c‡¶i myweav n‡j Zv evwZj n‡e|
Pzw³ DËi Am¤¢ve¨Zvi bxwZi e¨wZµg (Exception of the principles of supervening
impossibility) t ‡h me †¶‡Î DËiKvjxb Am¤¢ve¨Zvi Rb¨ Pzw³ cwimgvwß N‡U bv Zv wbæiƒc-
K) cvj‡bi Amyweav †¶Î t Pzw³ cvj‡bi Amyweavi Rb¨ Pzw³i cwimgvwß NU‡e bv| †hgb Pzw³ n‡jv ÔKÕ
ÔLÕ †_‡K RyjvB-‡m‡Þ¤^‡ii g‡a¨ wdbj¨v‡Ûi KvV µq Ki‡e| ÔLÕ w`‡Z e¨_© n‡jv hy‡×i Rb¨ Ges
ej‡jv hy× _vg‡j G‡b w`‡e| myZivs Pzw³ evwZj n‡e bv|
L) evwYwR¨K Am¤¢ve¨Zv t Pzw³i wecix‡Z g‡g© wKQz bv _vK‡j gRywi e„w×, KuvPvgv‡ji g~j¨ e„w×, cY¨
msMÖnRwbZ AcivMZvi KviY‡K ejv n‡e evwYwR¨K Am¤¢ve¨Zv| GRb¨ Pzw³ evwZj n‡e bv| †hgb-
†Kvb Pzw³i Av‡jv‡K Drcv`K Drcv`‡b e¨_© e‡j, wewµ Pzw³ evwZj n‡e bv, ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z n‡e|
Avevi gRywi/KuvPvgv‡ji g~j¨ e„w× ev AvenvIqv Lviv‡ci Rb¨ Pzw³ evwZj n‡e bv| Pzw³‡Z wecixZ
gZ bv _vK‡j GmKj `vq-`vwqZ¡ cÖwZkÖywZ`vZvi|
M) †emvgwiK †Mvj‡hvM t Pzw³‡Z wecixZ gZ bv _vK‡j ag©NU, jK-AvDU, `v½v BZ¨vw` †emvgwiK
†Mvj‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Pzw³i cwimgvwß ev mgq e„w× n‡e bv|
N) †Kvb D‡Ï‡kï e¨_©Zv t †h †¶‡Î GKvwaK D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq †m‡¶‡Î GKwU D‡Ïk¨ e¨_©
n‡j Pzw³i cwimgvwß n‡e bv|
DËiKvjxb Am¤¢ve¨Zvi cwiYvg (Consequence of Supervening Impossibility) t

K) Am¤¢e ev DËiKvjxb Am¤¢ve¨Zvi Rb¨ Pzw³ evwZj t 56 (2) aviv g‡Z †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Pzw³
ïiy‡Z êa _vK‡jI cieZ©x‡Z hw` Zv cvjb Am¤¢e ev A‰ea nq, Z‡e Pzw³ evwZj n‡e|
L. Rvbv m‡Ë¡I Am¤¢e ev A‰ea Kv‡h©i Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY cÖ`vb t cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv hw` Rv‡b †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZ
Am¤¢e ev A‰ea Ges cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv G m¤ú‡K© wKQzB bv Rv‡b| Zvn‡j Zv cvwjZ bv nIqvq
cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi †Kvb ¶wZ n‡j cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡K Zv w`‡Z n‡e|
M. DcKvi cÖZ¨vcY© Ki‡Z n‡e t Pzw³ hw` evwZj n‡q hvq Ges Giƒc Pzw³ Øviv hw` †Kvb c¶ †Kvb
cÖKvi myweav †c‡q _v‡K| Z‡e, Aci c‡¶i wbKU Zv cÖZ¨vcY© Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM Øviv (Discharge by Operation of Law) t AvB‡bi cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j wb‡gœv³ `yB
fv‡e Pzw³ cvjb Am¤¢e e‡j MY¨ n‡e Ges Pzw³i cwimgvwß n‡e t-
K. †`Dwjqv †NvlYv t †Kvb e¨w³‡K hLb Av`vjZ †`Dwjqv †NvlYv K‡i, ZLb H e¨w³ Zvi mv‡_
m¤úvw`Z mKj Pzw³i `vq †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ cv‡e Ges Pzw³i cwimgvwß NU‡e|
L. g„Zz¨ t †h mKj ‡¶‡Î e¨w³MZ ˆbcyY¨, †hvM¨Zv, `¶Zv Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`vb, †mB †¶‡Î D³
e¨w³i g„Zz¨ n‡j AvBbvbyMfv‡eB Pzw³i cwimgvwß NU‡e| Ab¨ Pzw³‡Z g„‡Zyï cÖwZwbwa ev
DËivwaKviMY cvjb Ki‡Z eva¨|
7. Aci c‡¶i m¤§wZ Qvov ¸iyZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©b (Material Alteration Without Consent Other
Party) t hw` †Kvb c¶ wjwLZ Pzw³i ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ask Aci c‡¶i m¤§wZ Qvov KvUvKvwU/cwieZ©b K‡i
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Zvn‡j Bnv Av`vjZ KZ©„K AMÖvn¨ n‡e Ges H Pzw³i cwimgvwß NU‡e| GBiƒc cwieZ©b A_©, mgq,
¯’vb welq n‡e| A_©vr Giƒ‡c cwimgvwßi kZ© n‡jv t
K. cwieZ©b Aek¨B Pzw³i GK c¶ Øviv mvwaZ n‡e|
L. D³ cwieZ©b Aek¨B Pzw³i †gŠwjK welq m¤ú„³ n‡Z
M. D³ cwieZ©b AvevwmK ev fyjµ‡g n‡e bv
N. D³ cwieZ©b Aek¨B Aci c‡¶i ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK~‡j n‡e Ges
O. D³ cwieZ©b †Kvbfv‡eB Aci c‡¶i m¤§wZ _vK‡e bv|
8. mgq AwZµ‡gi Øviv (By Limitation) t Pzw³ cvj‡bi wbw`©ó mgq †`qv _vK‡j †mB mg‡qi g‡a¨
Pzw³ cvwjZ bv n‡j cwimgvwß A_©vr mgq †kl Gi A_©B n‡jv Pzw³ †kl| Zvgvw` AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q -
mvaviY †`bv 3 ermi ci Avi Av`vq Kiv hv‡e bv| Zv Zvgvw` n‡e Ges gvgjv K‡iI Av`vq Kiv
hv‡e bv| Zvgvw` AvB‡b wewfbœ Pzw³ Ges wewfbœ `vwe m¤ú‡K© †gqv` wbw`©ó Kiv Av‡Q|
9. Pzw³ f‡½i Øviv (By Brach of Contract) t hw` †Kvb c¶ Pzw³f½ K‡i, Zvn‡j Bnvi cwimgvwß
NU‡e| Aci c¶ GRb¨ ¶wZc~i‡Yi gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Pzw³f½ `yB cÖKvi K. c~e©v‡ý Pzw³f½ L.
cÖK…Z Pzw³f½|
K. c~e©v‡ý Pzw³f½ t †h †¶‡Î GKc¶ Pzw³ cvj‡bi mg‡qi c~‡e©B Pzw³‡Z DwjøwLZ Zvi `vq-`vwqZ¡ A¯^xKvi
K‡i ev †Kvb Kvh© Øviv wb‡R‡K Pzw³ cvj‡b A¶g K‡i †Zv‡j, Zvn‡j c~e©v‡ý Pzw³f½ e‡j| gvgjv Ki‡j
¶wZc~iY cv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶|
L. cÖK…Z Pzw³f½ t Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq hw` †Kvb c¶ Zv cvj‡b A¶gZv cÖKvi K‡i Zvn‡j †mwU n‡e
cÖK…Z Pzw³f½|
e¨_©Zv ZË¡ (The Doctrime of Frustration) t hLb GKwU Pzw³i D‡Ïk¨ Avi †Kvbfv‡eB m¤úv`b ev
ev¯—evqb Kiv hvq bv, ZLb Av`vjZ Pzw³i cwimgvwß n‡q‡Q e‡j †NvlYv w`‡Z cv‡i, Giƒc †NvlYv‡K e¨_©Zvi
ZË¡ ejv nq|
G¨vbmb (Anson) mKj AvBb eë¯’v‡ZB Pzw³ cvj‡bi wbq‡gi cvkv-cvwk Pzw³ Aemv‡bi weavbI _v‡K,
hw` Ae¯’v we‡k‡li cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pzw³i cvjb AvBbZ wKsev ev¯Í‡e Am¤¢e nq|
e¨_©Zvi ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© e„‡U‡bi AvBb t 1863 mv‡ji c~‡e© e„wUk Common Law Abyhvqx Pzw³‡Z wecixZ
g‡g© †Kvb kZ© bv _vK‡j Pzw³i mswk- ó c¶mg~n Pzw³ cvj‡bi Am¤¢ve¨Zv‡K Pzw³i cwimgvwßi KviY e‡j
AvZ¥c¶ mg_©‡bi hyw³ wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| A_©vr mKj Pzw³ Av¶wiK A‡_© cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Zv
Ges mKj c¶B Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z m‡e©vZfv‡e eva¨ _vK‡Zv|
1863 mv‡ji ci e¨_©Zv Z‡Ë¡i cÖPjb ïiy nq Ges GB ZË¡vbyhvqx A‡bK †¶‡Î Av`vjZ ¶wZMÖ¯’ e¨w³‡K
†invB ‡`q| wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î e„‡U‡bi Av`vjZ Pzw³ bó n‡q‡Q e‡j ivq w`‡Z cv‡i t-
K) Pzw³i Acwinvh© e¯‘i webvk n‡j;
L) †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Am¤¢e n‡j;
M) AvB‡bi cwieZ©b n‡j;
N) c~e©kZ© cvj‡b e¨_© n‡j;
O) g„Zy¨ ev e¨w³MZ ¶gZv webó n‡j; Ges
P) hy× †NvwlZ n‡j|
eëmvq AvBb
e¨_©Zv Z‡Ë¡i wfwË (Basis of the Doctrine of Furstration) t e„‡U‡bi AvBb Abymv‡i Av`vjZ
wbgœwjwLZ Ae¯’vq e¨_©Zv ZË¡ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Pzw³i cwimgvwßi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb t-
1. aviYvg~jK kZ© t †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î GB aviYv Kiv nq †h, cÖ‡Z¨K Pzw³ cvwjZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ GKwU
we‡kl e¯‘ ev Ae¯’vi Dcw¯’wZ we`¨gvb _vKv Avewk¨K e‡j g‡b Kiv nq, H Ae¯’vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vK‡jB
Pzw³ m¤úv`b‡hvM¨ Ab¨_vq bq| myZivs Pzw³ cvj‡bi Rb¨ D³ e¯‘ ev Ae¯’v we`¨gvb _vKv Acwinvh©|
†hgb Krell vs. Henry (1903) 2KB 704.
2. Pzw³i wfwË aŸsm t hw` Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~‡ni webv †`v‡l †h e¯‘ ev Ae¯’vi Dci wfwË K‡i Pzw³
m¤úv`b n‡qwQj, mB wfwË e¯‘ ev Ae¯’v aŸsm n‡q hvq, Z‡e Zv e¨_©Zv Z‡Ë¡i AvIZvq Avm‡e| †hgb
- Taylor vs. Coldweel (1863) 3 B. & S826.
3. b¨vqm½Z mgvavb t Pzw³i MVb Ges e¨vL¨vi cÖK…wZ Øviv A_©vr Pzw³‡Z hw` Ggb kZ© ev Ae¯’vi
D‡j- L _v‡K hv NU‡j Pzw³ evwZj n‡e, †m‡¶‡Î AšÍwb©wnZ A_© ØvivB b¨vqm½Z mgvavb n‡e A_©vr
Pzw³ evwZj n‡e| British Movietonsews Ltd vs. London & District Cinemas Ltd (1952) A.C.
165.
4. k‡Z©i cwieZ©b t †h †¶‡Î Av`vjZ †`L‡Z cvq †hme Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z GKwU Pzw³ cvjbxq n‡e
†hme Ae¯’vi Avg~j cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q Ges GB cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb c¶B `vqx wQj bv| †m‡¶‡Î
Pzw³ e¨_© n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e| Davis Contractors Ltd. vs Fareham UDE (1956) A.C. 696.
e¨_©Zv Z‡Ë¡i mxgve×Zv (Limitation of Doctrine of Frustration) t e„wUk AvB‡b e¨_©Zv Z‡Ë¡i
wbgœiƒc mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q -
1. B”QvK…Z cvj‡b e¨_©Zv t Pzw³ cvj‡bi e¨_©Zv hw` Pzw³ m¤úv`bKvixi B”QvK…Z ev Ae‡njvK…Z nq
Z‡e, Bnv e¨_©Zv Z‡Ë¡i AvIZvq Avm‡e bv|
2. mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ bó t e¨_©Zv m„wóKvix NUbv Øviv Pzw³fy³ mKj c‡¶i mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ bó n‡Z n‡e;
wKš‘ GK c‡¶i e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ GB ZË¡ eëüZ n‡e bv|
cwiYvg ev djvdj (Effects of the Doctrine of Frustration) t e„wUk AvBb Abyhvqx e¨_©Zv Z‡Ë¡i
cwiYvg ev djvdj wbgœiƒc -
1. Pzw³ evwZj t e¨_©Zvi Øviv Pzw³wU Avcbv-Avcwb Ges mv‡_ mv‡_B evwZj †kl n‡q hvq Bnv †Kej
evwZj‡hvM¨B bq Zvr¶wYKfv‡e evwZj e‡j MY¨ nq|
2. fwel¨r evaëvaKZvi m„wó t e¨_©Zvi d‡j Pzw³i mKj fwel¨r evaëvaKZv evwZj n‡q hvq|
3. Pzw³i cÖwZKvi t 1943 mv‡j cÖewZ©Z AvBb ms‡kvab wewa Øviv e¨_© Pzw³i †¶‡Î wKQz cÖwZKv‡ii eë¯’v Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k e¨_©Zvi ZË¡ t evsjv‡`‡k ejer‡hvM¨ Pzw³ AvB‡bi 56 aviv Abymv‡i e¨_©Zvi ZË¡ wbqwš¿Z nq|
56 avivq Am¤¢e kãwU ev¯Íe A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q; Av¶wiK A‡_© eëüZ nq bvB| A‡bK †¶‡Î Pzw³
cvjb Am¤¢e bvI n‡Z cv‡i ev Pzw³ cvjb m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †h D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q Pzw³, ZvB hw` bó n‡q
hvq ev hw` ANUb ev Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pzw³i wfwË m¤ú~Y© aŸsk n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv
cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb Am¤¢e e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb - wbRvg Ry‡qjvix Uªv‡÷i KÕwU Mnbv wewµi Pzw³ n‡jv
bM` UvKvi wewbg‡q| wKš‘ Av`vjZ BbRvskb Øviv H wewµ eÜ K‡i w`j| myZivs Pzw³wU e¨_© e‡j MY¨|
Santi Vijoy Co etc. vs. Princess Fatima Fouzia & Others : AIR (1980) Superme Court,
17.
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cvV ms‡¶c
Pzw³fy³ c¶mg~‡ni AwaKvi ev `v‡qi Aemvb‡K Pzw³i cwimgvwß ev Ae¨vnwZ ejv nq| wewfbœfv‡e Pzw³i
cwimgvwß n‡Z cv‡i h_v Pzw³ cvjb Øviv, cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve Øviv, Pzw³fy³ mKjc‡¶i cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZi
Øviv, cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZvi B‡”Q Abymv‡i, Pzw³ cvj‡bi Am¤¢ve¨Zvi Rb¨, AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM Øviv, Aci c‡¶i
m¤§wZ Qvov ¸iZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©b, mgq AwZµg Ges Pzw³f½ Øviv|
hLb Pzw³ D‡Ïk¨ Avi †Kvbfv‡eB m¤úv`b ev ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq bv, ZLb Av`vjZ Pzw³i cwimgvwß n‡q‡Q
e‡j †NvlYv w`‡Z cv‡i, Giƒc †NvlYv‡K e¨_©Zvi ZË¡ ejv nq| 1863 mv‡j GB Z‡Ë¡i cÖPjb ïiy nq| GB
Z‡Ë¡i wKQz wfwË Ges mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| GB Z‡Ë¡i djvdj n‡jv - Pzw³ evwZj, fwel¨r evaëvaKZvi m„wó
Ges Pzw³i cÖwZKvi|
eëmvq AvBb
Pyw³ f½ (Breach of Contract)
D‡Ïk¨
Pzw³ f½ wK Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
wKiƒ‡c Pzw³ f½ n‡e Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Pzw³ f‡½i †kªYx web¨vm e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Pzw³ f‡½i cÖwZKvi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
Dc-Pzw³ Ges G m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘
Pzw³ f½ wK?
Pzw³fy³ †Kvb c¶ Pzw³ cvjb bv Ki‡j Zv‡K Pzw³f½ e‡j| Pzw³ f½ Øviv Pzw³i cwimgvwß N‡U|
`yB fv‡e Pzw³ f½ n‡q _v‡K, h_v-
1) cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv Øviv (By Promisor); Ges
2) cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Øviv (By Promisee)
(1) cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv Øviv (By Promisor) t †h †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb K‡i bvB ev Pzw³ cvj‡bi
cÖ¯Íve K‡i bvB ev µwUc~Y©fv‡e Pzw³ cvjb K‡i‡Q ev cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv‡K Bnv cvjb †_‡K
Ae¨vnwZ †`q bvB, GB Pvi Ae¯’v‡K cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv KZ©„K Pzw³ f½ e‡j|
(2) cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Øviv (By Promisee) t cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv hw` cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡b ev AvswkK cvj‡bi ci
evwK Ask cvj‡b evav †`qv ev cÖwZkÖywZ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve AMÖvn¨ K‡i ev cY¨ ev †mev wb‡q UvKv
cwi‡kva bv K‡i Z‡e Bnv‡K cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv Øviv Pzw³ f½ ejv nq|
†kªYx (Types) t Pzw³ f½ `yB cÖKvi h_v -

1. c~e©v‡ý Pzw³ f½ (Anticipatory Breach of Contract); Ges
2. cÖK…Z Pzw³ f½ (Actual Breach of Contract)
1. c~e©v‡ý Pzw³ f½ (Anticipatory Breach of Contract) t cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv KZ©„K c~e©v‡ý Pzw³f½ n‡q
_v‡K| mvaviYZ Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq Dcw¯’Z nevi c~‡e© Pzw³ cvj‡b A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb ev ¯^xq Kvh© Øviv
Pzw³ cvj‡b A¶g K‡i ‡Zvjv ev cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq Giƒc Avfvm cvIqv hvq †h,
cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv cÖwZkÖywZ g‡Zv KvR Ki‡e bv, Z‡e GB wZb Ae¯’v‡K c~e©v‡ý Pzw³ f½ e‡j| ‡hgb -
K) gv‡mi 1jv Zvwi‡L cY¨ †èvi K_v, wKš‘ c~‡e©i gv‡mB A¶gZv cÖKvk;
L) ÔLÕ Gi mv‡_ ÔMÕ Gi we‡q nevi K_v, wKš‘ K Gi mv‡_ n‡jv ;
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
M) wbw`©ó w`‡b ÔKÕ Gi Abyôv‡b ÔLÕ Gi Mvb Kivi K_v; wKš‘ H w`‡bi c~‡e©B M Gi mv‡_ `xN©
†gqv‡` Pzw³e× n‡jv BZ¨vw` c~e©v‡ý Pzw³f‡½i D`vniY|
2. cÖK…Z Pzw³f½ (Actual breach of contract) t Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq hw` Pzw³fy³ †Kvb c¶ Pzw³
cvj‡b A¶gZv cÖKvk K‡i ev Pzw³ cvj‡bi cÖ¯Íve bv K‡i ev cvjb Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb K‡i, Z‡e
Zv‡K cÖK…Z Pzw³ f½ e‡j|
c~e©v‡ý Pzw³ f‡½i cÖwZKvi (Remedies of Anticipatory Breach of Contract)

K) Pzw³ cvj‡bi `vq cÖZ¨vnvi t ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K Pzw³ cÖZ¨vnvi g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
L) AvBbMZ cÖwZKvi `vwe t cÖK…Z Pzw³ f½ g‡b K‡i AvBbMZ cÖwZKvi †P‡q gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
M) Pzw³ f½ A¯^xKvi t ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ Pzw³f½ A¯^xKvi K‡i †kl †gqv` ch©šÍ A‡c¶v AvBbMZ cÖwZKvi
`vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Pzw³ f‡½i cÖwZKvi (Remedies for Breach of Contracts) t Pzw³ f½ n‡j ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ wbgœiƒc
cÖwZKvi †c‡Z cv‡ib -
1. Pzw³ i`KiY ev LvwiR;
2. ‡LmviZ ev ¶wZc~iY;
3. Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ gvgjv;
4. wbw`©ó Pzw³ cvjb;
5. wb‡lavÁv; Ges
6. c~e©ve¯’vq ¯’vcb ev DcKvi cÖZ¨vc©Y|
1. Pyw³ LvwiR ev i`KiY (Rescission of the Contract) t Pzw³f‡½i Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ wb‡Ri
w`K †_‡K Pzw³ evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †m Pzw³RwbZ mKj ev evwK `vq-`vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ ‡c‡Z
cv‡i|
2. †LmviZ ev ¶wZc~iY (Damages) t Pzw³f½RwbZ Kvi‡Y ¶wZc~iY eve` †h A_© cvIqv hv‡e Zv‡K
e‡j †LmviZ| Pzw³ f‡½i Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i †h †jvKmvb ev ¶wZ n‡q‡Q Zv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †m
Aci c‡¶i weiy‡× gvgjv w`‡Z cvi‡e| Av`vjZ wbgœewY©Z Pvi cÖKv‡ii †LmviZ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©k
w`‡Z cv‡ib -
K) bvggvÎ ‡LmviZ
L) cwic~iK ev ¶wZc~iYg~jK †LmviZ
M) `„óvšÍg~jK ev kvw¯Íg~jK †LmviZ
N) c~e© wba©vwiZ †LmviZ
K) bvggvÎ †LmviZ (Nominal Damages) t gvgjvKvix (ev`xi) ¶wZi cwigvY Lye mvgvb¨ n‡j
ev Av`vj‡Zi we‡ePbvi ev`x †Kvb ¶wZ bv n‡j ev`x c¶‡K wWµx cvevi AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ ¯îƒc
bvg gvÎ †LmviZ cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q _v‡Kb| †hgb - 1 cqmv ev 1 UvKv BZ¨vw`|
L) cwic~iK †LmviZ (Compensatory Damages) t ¶wZi mgvb A_© cÖ`vb‡K cwic~iK †LmviZ
e‡j| †hgb 50 UvKv ¶wZ| ZvB 50 UvKv †èvi Av‡`k cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv|
eëmvq AvBb
M) `„óvšÍg~jK/kvw¯Íg~jK wk¶bxq †LmviZ (Exemplary Punitire or Vindictive Damages)

t A‡bK †¶‡Î Av`vjZ kvw¯—g~jK eë¯’v wnmv‡e Pzw³f½Kvix‡K cÖK…Z ¶wZ A‡c¶v †ekx
†LmviZ cÖ`v‡bi Av‡`k w`‡Z cv‡ib, Bnv‡K `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Íg~jK ev cÖwZwnsmvg~jK †LmviZ
e‡j| Pzw³f½Kvix‡K Dchy³ wk¶v cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨B GBiƒc wb‡`©k †`qv nq|
N) c~e© wba©vwiZ †LmviZ t Pzw³‡Z hw` D‡jøL _v‡K wK ¶wZ n‡j wK †LmviZ w`‡e, Zv‡K c~e©
wba©vwiZ †LmviZ e‡j| D‡jøL¨ †h, weev‡ni Pzw³ f½, e¨vs‡K UvKv _vKv m‡Ë¡I †PK †dir,
gvbnvbx gvgjv BZ¨vw` ‡¶‡Î Av`vjZ Giƒc †LmviZ cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡ib|
†Lmvi‡Zi cwigvY wba©vi‡Y bxwZ I c×wZ (Principles of Rules Regarding the Amount of
Damages) t
†LmviZ cÖ`v‡bi Kv‡j Av`vjZ wK bxwZ Aej¤^b Ki‡e Zv Pzw³ AvB‡bi 73 †_‡K 74 avivq D‡jøL
i‡q‡Q -
1. cÖK…Z/†LmviZ cÖ`vb (Payment of Actual Loss) t Pzw³ f‡½i Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i †h cwigvY
¶wZ n‡q‡Q wZwb †KejgvÎ H ¶wZi mgcwigvY †LmviZ cvevi AwaKvix| KgI bq Ges †ekxI
bq|
K) ¯^vfvweKfv‡e D™¢~Z ¶wZi †LmviZ cÖ`vb t cÖK…Z ¶wZ wbY©‡qi mgq Av`vjZ †KejgvÎ H mg¯Í
¶wZ we‡ePbv Ki‡eb hv Pzw³f‡½i Kvi‡Y b¨vq I hyw³m½Zfv‡e Ges ¯^vfvweK NUbv NUv n‡Z
D™¢yZ| ‡hgb- wbw`©ó w`‡b A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z ÔLÕ e¨_© nevi Kvi‡Y ÔKÕ me©¯^všÍ nq| G‡¶‡Î K
Avmj UvKv Ges A_© cÖ`v‡bi ZvwiL ch©šÍ my` w`‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e|
L) we‡kl †LmviZ cÖ`vb t mvaviYfv‡e `~i m¤úwK©q Kvi‡Y m„ó †jvKmv‡b ¶wZc~iY bvB| wKš‘ Pzw³
m¤úv`bKv‡j Dfqc¶ hw` `~i m¤úwK©Z ¶wZi m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ _v‡K, Z‡e Av`vjZ
`~im¤úwK©q ¶wZi Rb¨ †Lmvi‡Zi Av‡`k w`‡Z cv‡i Bnv‡K ejv nq we‡kl †LmviZ|
M) ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶‡K ¶wZ c~iY Kiv t Pzw³ f½ n‡j ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶‡K H cwigvY †LmviZ †`qv DwPZ
hv‡Z Pyw³cvwjZ n‡j †m †h cwigvY Avw_©K myweav †c‡Zv wVK †mB cwigvY nq| A_©vr Pzw³
cvwjZ n‡j †h Ae¯’vq _vwKZ †mB Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Avbv nq| BnvB †LmviZ cÖ`v‡bi ¯^vfvweK
wbqg|
N) LiP cÖ`vb Kiv t †Lmvi‡Zi wWµx cÖvwßi Rb¨ ¶wZMÖ‡¯’i †h A_© e¨q n‡q‡Q ZvI †m Av`vq
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
O) ¶wZi cwigvY n«vmKiY t ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i KZ©e¨ ¶wZi cwigvY n«vm Kivi †Póv Kiv| Zvi
Ae‡njvRwbZ Kvi‡Y †Kvb ¶wZ n‡j †m ¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv|
P) c~e© wba©vwiZ ¶wZc~i‡Yi k‡Z©i djvdj t Pzw³f½ n‡j wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †`qv n‡e e‡j Pzw³‡Z
kZ© _vK‡j Z‡e Av`vjZ Kg ev mgvb Rwigvbv wn‡m‡e wba©viY Ki‡e| Z‡e Giƒc †¶‡Î
Rwigvbvi UvKv †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Pzw³‡Z DwjøwLZ UvKvi †ekx n‡e bv|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Q) KwVb n‡jI ¶wZi cwigvY wba©vwiZ n‡e t ¶wZi cwigvY wba©viY KwVb n‡jI Zv †LmviZ
cÖ`v‡bi evavi KviY n‡e bv| Av`vjZ ¶wZi cwigvY Aek¨B wba©viY Ki‡e Ges wWµx cÖ`vb
Ki‡e|
R) êafv‡e Pzw³ evwZjKvix c¶ ¶wZc~iY cv‡e t †Kvb c¶ hw` êa Kvi‡Y ev Am¤ú~Y©Zvi Kvi‡Y
Pzw³ evwZj K‡i Ges GRb¨ hv ¶wZ nq †m ¶wZc~iY cv‡e| ‡hgb ÔKÕ ÔLÕ-‡K 50 Ub wm‡g›U
†`‡e| wKš‘ ÔLÕ i ¸`v‡g wm‡g›U bv _vKvq ÔKÕ Pzw³ evwZj Ges ¶wZc~iY gvgjv n‡jv| G‡¶‡Î
ÔLÕ ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨|
3. Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`vb (Quantum Meruity) t Kvh©vbycv‡Z g~j¨ cÖ`vb ej‡Z Kvh©vbycv‡Z
cvwikªwgK ev †hgb KvR †Zgb cvwikªwgK ev †h cwigvY Kvh© m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q, †mB cwigvY g~j¨
cÖ`vb‡K eySvq|
Pzw³ AvB‡bi 70 aviv g‡Z wb‡gœi 3wU †¶‡Î Pzw³ bv _vK‡j ev †Kvb GK c‡¶i Kvi‡Y Pzw³ f‡½i Øviv Pzw³
cwimgvwß n‡j, ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y Pzw³ evwZj n‡j, †Kvb c¶ †h cwigvY Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i‡Q ev †h
cwigvY cY¨ ev †mev mieivn K‡i‡Q Zvi Rb¨ D³ c¶ AvbycvwZK g~j¨ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs - †h
cwigvY Kvh© m¤úv`b ev cY¨ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q †mB Abyhvqx AvbycvwZK g~j¨ `vwe Ges Zv cwi‡kva‡K
Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`vb e‡j|
wbqgvejx t Pzw³i kZ©vbyhvqx Pzw³ cvjb Avewk¨K| †Kvb c¶ cy‡iv Pzw³ cvjb bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j †h cwigvY
K‡i‡Q, †mUzKzi g~j¨ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Z‡e, wb‡gœi wZbwU †¶‡Î †m g~j¨ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i -
K) GKc¶ Pzw³ f½ Ki‡j ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ hZUv KvR K‡i‡Q, Zvi b¨vh¨ Ges hyw³hy³ cvwikªvwgK ev ¶wZc~iY
`vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb - ÔKÕ Gi GKwU cwÎKvq avivevwnZKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡e k‡Z© ÔLÕ GKwU eB
†j‡Lb| K‡qKwU msL¨v cÖKvwkZ nevi ci cwÎKvwU eÜ n‡q hvq| eBwUi hZLvwb cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zvi
Rb¨ wZwb (L) Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ Ges Pzw³ f‡½i Rb¨ †LmviZ cvevi AwaKvix| Planche vs. Colburn
(1831) 8 bing 14
L) AvBbMZ Kvi‡Y Aejer‡hvM¨ t ‡Kvb AvBbMZ Kvi‡Y Pzw³ Aejer‡hvM¨ n‡j Pzw³ ejer _vKv
Ae¯’vq Pzw³ Abyhvqx †Kvb c¶ hw` †Kvb wKQz K‡i _v‡K Z‡e †m hyw³m½Z †LmviZ cv‡e| ‡hgb
GKwU wjwLZ Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK ÔLÕ †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbv cwil` KZ©„K GgwW wbhy³ n‡jv| H
cwiPvjbv cwil` AvBbm½Z fv‡e MwVZ nq bvB e‡j ÔLÕ Gi mv‡_ Pzw³ evwZj n‡q hvq| ÔLÕ wKQzw`b
GgwW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j avh©¨ n‡jv ÒKvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`vbÓ bxwZ Abyhvqx ÔLÕ ‡h Kw`b
KvR K‡i‡Q H Kw`‡bi Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cv‡e| Craren Ellis vs. Canons Ltd(1936 2K.B.
403
M) webv Pzw³‡Z Kvh© ev cY¨ mieivn t Pzw³ QvovB †Kn hw` Aci †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨ †Kvb KvR K‡i _v‡K
ev cY¨ mieivn K‡i _v‡K Ges Aci e¨w³ hw` Zv MÖnY K‡i _v‡K Z‡e, †h H e¨w³‡K ¶wZc~iY ev
mieivnK…Z cY¨ †diZ w`‡Z eva¨| †hgb - ÔKÕ GKRb eëmvqx| †m KÕwU cY¨ fyjµ‡g ÔLÕ Gi
wbKU †i‡L hvq| H ¸‡jv wb‡Ri g‡b K‡i ÔLÕ eënvi K‡i| G‡¶‡Î †m H¸‡jvi g~j¨ ÔKÕ-‡K cÖ`v‡b
eva¨|
eëmvq AvBb
e¨wZµg (Exceptions) t wZb Ae¯’vq Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`vb cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv, h_v t-
K) Pzw³ wefw³‡hvM¨ bq t †h †¶‡Î Pzw³wU wewfbœ As‡k wef³ Kiv hvq bv Ges mgMÖ Kv‡h©i Rb¨ GKwU
wbw`©ó UvKv cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖywZ _v‡K| †m‡¶‡Î AvswkK Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`vb
bxwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|
L) wjwLZ ev Ae¨³ cÖwZkÖywZi Abycw¯’wZ t m¤úvw`Z Kv‡h©i Rb¨ A_© cÖ`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wjwLZ ev
Ae¨³ cÖwZkÖywZ bv _vK‡i Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`vb bxwZ Kvh©Ki n‡e bv|
M) Pzw³f½Kvix c‡¶i Kvh© t Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨ cÖ`vb bxwZ Abyhvqx Pzw³f½Kvix c¶ ¯^xq m¤úvw`Z
Kv‡h©i Rb¨ †Kvb ¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv|
4. wbw`©ó Pzw³ cvjb (Specific performance) t Pzw³i mswkøó c¶ KZ©„K Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK wbR wbR
Kvh© m¤úv`b‡KB wbw`©ó Kvh© ev cÖwZkÖywZ ev Pzw³ cvjb e‡j| we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ wbw`©ó
Pzw³ cvj‡bi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Z gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Av`vjZ B‡”Q Ki‡j Pzw³f½Kvix‡K H
Pzw³ cvj‡bi Av‡`k w`‡Z cv‡i| Bnv m¤ú~Y© Av`vj‡Zi B”Qvaxb| Z‡e mxgve× †¶‡ÎB Giƒc Av‡`k
†`qv nq| 1877 mv‡ji mywbw`©ó ÎvY AvB‡b Bnvi wbqgvejx wjwce× i‡q‡Q|
mvaviYZ †h mKj †¶‡Î A_© Øviv ch©vß ¶wZc~iY m¤¢e nq bv, †mme †¶‡ÎB Giƒc Av‡`k †`qv nq|
†hgb - wbw`©ó evox weµ‡qi Pzw³| `y®cÖvc¨ †Kvb cY¨ ev `ªe¨ weµ‡qi Pzw³| evRv‡i Hiƒc `ªe¨ cvIqv
hv‡e bv e‡jB Av`vjZ Giƒc Av‡`k †`q|
mxgve×Zv t mvaviYZ wbgœiƒc †¶‡Î wbw`©ó Kvh©/Pzw³ cvj‡bi Av‡`k Av`vjZ cÖ`vb K‡ib bv -
K) †h me †¶‡Î A_© Øviv ch©vß ¶wZc~iY m¤¢e;
L) †h me †¶‡Î wbw`©ó Pzw³ cvjb Kvh© Av`vj‡Zi c‡¶ ZË¡veavb m¤¢e bq;
M) e¨w³MZ †hvM¨Zv, `¶Z I ˆbcy‡Yï Pzw³| ‡hgb- weevn, Qwe AvuKv, Mvb Kiv BZ¨vw`; Ges
N) †Kv¤úvbxi ¯§viKwjwc ewnf©~Z ‡Kvb Kv‡h©i Rb¨ BZ¨vw`|
5. wb‡lavÁv (Injenction) t we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î Av`vjZ ¶wZMÖ¯’c‡¶i Av‡e`‡bi Rb¨
Pzw³f½Kvix‡K Pzw³f½ Kvh© †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Av‡`k w`‡Z cv‡ib| Av`vj‡Zi GB Av‡`k‡KB
wb‡lavÁv ejv nq| mvaviYZ †hme †¶‡Î ¶wZc~iY ev †LmviZ ch©vß e‡j we‡ewPZ nq bv, Ges
†m‡¶‡Î Av`vjZ wb‡lavÁv Øviv Pzw³i kZ© †Rvi K‡i, cvjb Kivq †miƒc †¶‡Î Ggb n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e,
c~e©v‡ý Pzw³ f‡½i †¶‡ÎB GB wblvavÁv Kvh©Ki/cÖ‡hvR¨| ‡hgb- ÔKÕ bvgK GK Awf‡bÎx GK erm‡ii
Rb¨ ïaygvÎ ÔLÕ Gi wbwg©Z Qwe‡Z Awfb‡qi Rb¨ Pzw³e× n‡jv| wKš‘ †mB ermiB †m ÔMÕ Gi Qwe‡Z
Awfbq Kivi Rb¨ Pzw³e× nq| Av`vjZ ÔMÕ Gi Qwe‡Z Awfb‡qi e¨vcv‡i K †K wb‡lavÁv cÖ`vb K‡i|
Warner Bros vs. Nelson (1937) 1 K.B. 109
6. c~e©ve¯’vq ¯’vcb (Restitution of Benifit) t 64 aviv g‡Z †h c‡¶i B‡”Q Abymv‡i Pzw³
evwZj‡hvM¨ nq, ev †h c¶ Pzw³ evwZj K‡i ‡mB c¶ hw` Aci c‡¶i †_‡K Pzw³i Øviv †Kvb DcKvi
ev myweav ‡c‡q _v‡K Z‡e Zv cÖZ¨vc©Y Ki‡Z n‡e| 65 aviv g‡Z †h †¶‡Î Pzw³ evwZj n‡q hvq
†m‡¶‡Î Pzw³ ev m¤§wZi Aax‡b GKc¶ Aci c‡¶i wbKU †_‡K †Kvb myweav †c‡j Zv cÖZ¨vc©Y
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Ki‡Z n‡e ev ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ †h me Pzw³ ïiy †_‡KB evwZj, †mme Pzw³ eveZ cÖvß myweav
†dir †èvi cÖkœB D‡V bv|
Dc-Pzw³ (Quasi-Contract) t Pzw³ Øviv mswkøó c‡¶i g‡a¨ AvBbMZ m¤úK© cÖwZwôZ nq| wKšÍ
A‡bK †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq Pzw³ bv n‡qI Pzw³i b¨vq m¤ú‡K©i m„wó nq Ges Pzw³i Avek¨Kxq Dcv`v‡bi
Abycw¯’wZ m‡Ë¡I c¶Ø‡qi AvPvi-AvPiY Ges cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi Øviv Pzw³i g‡ZvB `vq m„wó nq| GBiƒc
Ae¯’v hwÌ Pzw³i ch©vqfy³ bq| Z_vwc Bnv Øviv Pzw³i g‡ZvB AwaKviI `vq-`vwqZ¡ m„ó nq| d‡j
mswkøó c¶ Pzw³i b¨vq AvBbMZ djvdj †fvM K‡i| GB Ae¯’v‡K Bsj¨v‡Ûi AvB‡b Dc-Pzw³ (Quasi-
Contract) Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Pzw³ AvB‡b Pzw³i b¨vq m¤úK© (Relations Resembling to those
contracts) ejv nq|
g~j K_v t DcPzw³i g~j K_v n‡jv hw` †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨ wKQz e¨q Kivi `vwqZ¡ Aci †Kvb e¨w³i Dci
G‡m c‡o Ges †m hw` h_vh_fv‡e e¨q K‡i hvq, Z‡e †m DcK…Z e¨w³i m¤úwË n‡Z Zvi e¨qK…Z A_©
†dir cvevi AwaKvix| Bnv †h bxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ, AvB‡bi fvlvq Zv‡K ÔA‰ea weËevbZv (Unjust
enrichment) e‡jÕ|
GB bxwZi g~j K_v n‡jv -GKRb Aci R‡bi A‡_© weËevb n‡Z †`Lv hvq bv|
AvB‡bi weavb t Pzw³ AvB‡bi 68 †_‡K 72 avivq Dc-Pzw³ m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q| h_v -
1. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A¶g e¨w³‡K AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieivn;
2. ¯^v_©hy³ e¨w³‡K A_© †dir `vb;
3. webvg~‡j¨ bv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤úvw`Z Kv‡h©i myweav‡fvMxi `vq;
4. `ªe¨vw` DØviKvixi `vq; Ges
5. fyjµ‡g ev ejcÖ‡qvM cÖ`Ë A_©|
1. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A¶g e¨w³‡K AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieivn (Supply of necessaries for
incapable persons) t ‡Kvb e¨w³ hw` Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A¶g nq Zv‡K ev hv‡K ‡m AvBbMZ
cÖwZcvj‡b eva¨ Zv‡K hw` Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieivn K‡i Z‡e
mieivnKvix Pzw³ m¤úv`‡b A¶g e¨w³i m¤úwË †_‡K mieivnK…Z cY¨ mvgMÖxi g~j¨ cv‡eb|
2. ¯^v_©hy³ e¨w³‡K A_© †dir`vb (Reimbursement of interested persons) t †Kvb e¨w³
AvBbMZfv‡e †h A_© cwi‡kv‡a eva¨ Zv bv Ki‡j ¯^xq ¯^v_© ¶zYœ n‡Z cv‡i †`‡L Aci e¨w³ H A_© cÖ`vb
Ki‡j †m cÖ_g e¨w³i wbKU †_‡K H A_© †dir cv‡e| †hgb - ÔKÕ Gi e‡Kqv ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi Rb¨
fyjµ‡g ÔLÕ -Gi cY¨ †µvK n‡q hvq| cY¨ euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ ÔLÕ miKvix ivR¯^ wgUv‡q †`q| G‡¶‡Î cÖ`Ë
A_© L †dir cv‡e ÔKÕ Gi wbKU †_‡K|
3. webvg~‡j¨ bv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤úvw`Z Kv‡h©i myweav‡fvMxi `vq (Liability of Persons Enjoying
Benefits of non-gratuitions Act) t mvaviYZ †h †¶‡Î GK e¨w³ Aci †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨
AvBbm½Z †Kvb KvR K‡i ev webvg~‡j¨ bv Kivi B‡”Q wb‡q †Kvb cY¨ mieivn K‡i Ges hw` Aci
e¨w³ Dnvi myweav †fvM K‡i _v‡K, ‡m‡¶‡Î myweav‡fvMx e¨w³ cÖ_g e¨w³‡K ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z ev
mieivnK…Z cY¨ †dir w`‡Z eva¨| ‡hgb- ÔKÕ fyjµ‡g ÔLÕ Gi M„‡n/†`vKv‡b wKQz cY¨ †i‡L hvq|
ÔLÕ Zv eënvi K‡i| myZivs †m ÔKÕ-‡K Bnvi g~j¨ †diZ w`‡Z eva¨|
eëmvq AvBb
4. `ªe¨vw` D×viKvixi `vq (Liability of the finder of goods) t hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Ac‡ii `ªe¨ Luy‡R cvq
Ges Zv wb‡Ri ZË¡veav‡b ev †ndvR‡Z †i‡L †`q Z‡e †m Mw”QZMÖnxZvi b¨vq mKj `vq-`vwqZ¡ cvj‡b
eva¨ _vK‡e|
5. fyjµ‡g ev ejcÖ‡qv‡M cÖ`Ë A_© (Money paid by mistake of wercion) t hw` †Kvb e¨w³‡K
fyjµ‡g ev ejcÖ‡qv‡M †Kvb UvKv cÖ`Ë nq ev †Kvb cY¨ ev †mev mieivn Kiv nq, Zvn‡j cÖvß UvKv,
cY¨ ev †mev Aek¨B †dir w`‡Z n‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
Pzw³fy³ †Kvb c¶ Pzw³ cvjb bv Ki‡j Zv‡K Pzw³ f½ ejv nq| cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv Ges cÖwZkÖywZMÖnxZv KZ©„K
Pzw³ f½ n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Pzw³ c~e©v‡ý Ges cÖK…Z f½ n‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZkÖywZ`vZv KZ©„K Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq
Dcw¯’Z nevi c~‡e© A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb ev ¯^xq Kvh©Øviv wb‡R‡K A¶g K‡i †Zv‡j ev cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v
we‡ePbvq hw` Ggb Avfvm cvIqv hvq †h, †m Pzw³ cvjb Ki‡e bv, Z‡e Zv‡K c~e©v‡ý Pzw³ f½ e‡j|
Avevi Pzw³ cvj‡bi mgq Pzw³fy³ c¶ hw` Zv cvj‡b A¶gZv cÖKvk K‡i ev cvj‡bi cÖ¯—ve bv K‡i ev
cvjb Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb K‡i Z‡e Zv‡K cÖK…Z Pzw³ f½ ejv nq| Pzw³ f½ Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ wewfbœ
cÖwZKvi †c‡Z cv‡i| h_v Pzw³ i`KiY ev LvwiR, †LmviZ ev ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ gvgjv, Kvh©vbycvwZK g~j¨
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ gvgjv, wbw`©ó Pzw³ cvjb, wb‡lavÁv, c~e©ve¯’vq ¯’vcb BZ¨vw`| Pzw³ bv n‡qI Pzw³i b¨vq
m¤ú‡K©i m„wó n‡j, Pzw³i Avek¨Kxq Dcv`v‡bi Abycw¯’wZ m‡Ë¡I c¶Ø‡qi AvPvi-AvPiY I cvwicvwk¦©K
Ae¯’v Øviv Pzw³i b¨vq `vq m„wó n‡j Zv‡K e‡j Dc-Pzw³| Dc-Pzw³i 5wU weavb i‡q‡Q|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
msw¶ß cÖkœ
1| Pzw³ wK?
2| Pzw³i †gŠwjK êwkó¨ KÕwU?
3| cÖ¯Íve Kv‡K e‡j?
4| cÖwZkÖywZ ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
5| cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ¯’vcb KLb m¤úbœ nq?
6| cÖwZ`vb wK? Bnv KZ cÖKvi?
7| evwZj I evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi cv_©K¨ wK?
8| bvevjK †K?
9| ¯^vaxb hvq wK?
10| ej cÖ‡qvM I AbywPZ cÖfve A_ev cÖZviYv I wg_¨v eY©bvi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Kiyb|
11| bxieZv wK?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| Pzw³i Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
A_ev
ÔmKj Pzw³B m¤§wZ, wKš‘ mKj m¤§wZ Pzw³ bqÕ- eY©bv Kiyb|
2| cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ msµvšÍ wbqgvejx eY©bv Kiyb|
3| cÖ¯Íve wKiƒ‡c cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv hvq?
4| ÔcÖwZ`vb Qvov Pzw³ nq bvÕ- Gi e¨wZµg Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
5| cÖwZ`vb msµvšÍ wbqgvejx Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
6| Pzw³i †kªYx wefvM eY©bv Kiyb|
7| evwZj I evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi êwkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
8| bvevj‡Ki Pzw³ m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv Kiyb|
9| ejcÖ‡qvM I AbywPZ cÖfve wK? Bnv‡ì †¶Î I cwiYvg eY©bv Kiyb|
10| cÖZviYv wK? Bnvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb, cwiYvg I cÖwZKvi Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
11| fy‡ji †kªYx web¨vm eY©bv Kiyb|
◌
BDwbU
2
gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb-1936
The Payment of Wages Act-1936
f~wgKv
wewfbœ wkí I KjKviLvbvq Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ kªg I wkí AvB‡bi cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi
cvkvcvwk gvwjK c‡¶iI ¯^v_© i¶v n‡q‡Q| †hgb GKRb kªwgK †Kvb wkí KviLvbvq KvR K‡i hw` Zvi
Avkvbyiƒc cvwikªwgK bv cvq Z‡e †m †hgb Amš‘ó n‡e; Abyiƒc fv‡e, GKRb gvwjKI wk†í wewb‡qvM
K‡i cÖZ¨vkv Abyiƒc Drcv`b bv †c‡j †Zgwb fv‡e Amš‘ó _vK‡e| ZvB, ci¯úi we‡ivax Dfq c‡¶i ¯^v_©
i¶v‡_© gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbx qZv †`Lv †`q| wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ †`‡k gRywi
cwi‡kv‡ai wewfbœ wbqg Pvjy nq| †hgb, mgq wfwËK gRywi, Kvh© wfwËK gRywi, BZ¨vw`| 1929 mv‡j
iqvj Kwgkb KZ©„K cÖ`Ë wi‡cv‡U©i Dci wfwË K‡i 1936 mv‡ji fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g gRywi
cwi‡kva AvBb cÖeZ©b Kiv nq; hv gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb 1936 bv‡g AewnZ Kiv nq| wewfbœ mgv‡q
gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi ms‡kvab nq| Z‡e g~jZ 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvBbB cÖ‡qvR‡bi
Av‡jv‡K cwieZ©b, cwiea©b K‡i eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k ejer i‡q‡Q|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi cwiwa, KwZcq msÁv,gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai `vq, gRywi

cwi‡kv‡ai †gqv` (Scope, Definations, Responsibility and Time
Period for Payment of Wages.)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi cwiwa Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
gRywi cwi‡kva msµvšÍ wewfbœ msÁv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai `vq`vwqZ¡ Kvi Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai †gqv` Kvj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi cwiwa (Scope of Payment of Wages Act) t gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb 1936
evsjv‡`ki KjKviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl fv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| G e¨wZZ †ijI‡q‡Z cÖZ¨¶-
fv‡e wb‡qvwRZ A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb wVKv`vi KZ©„K wb‡qvwRZ A_ev †ijI‡q KZ©„c‡¶i mv‡_ Pzw³i gva¨‡g
m¤úK©hy³ †Kvb e¨w³ KZ©„K wb‡qvMK…Z kªwgK‡ì †ejvqI G AvBb cÖ‡qvR¨ n‡e|
Z‡e, miKvi †h †Kvb mgq 3 gv‡mi weÁwß w`‡q †h †Kvb wkí cÖwZôvb‡K ev †h †Kvb †kªYxi ev MÖy‡ci
wk‡í wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb †kªYxi e¨w³e‡M©i Dci G AvBb m¤cÖmviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
wb‡gœi ‡h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb 1936 cÖ‡hvR¨ ev ejer n‡e:
(K) WK, e›ì I †RwU;
(L) Kqjv, I ‰Zj Lwb;
(M) jeY Lwb I D‡Ëvjb †K›`ª;
(N) ev®úPvwjZ Af¨šÍixY †bŠ-hvb;
(O) evMvb;
(P) eënvi, ev eÈ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ‡h †Kvb KviLvbvq ev Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZwôv‡b cY¨ Drcv`b I ms‡hvRb Kiv
nq; Ges
(Q) 1961 mv‡ji moK cwienb kªwgK Aa¨v‡`‡ki 7 avivq DwjøwLZ moK cwienb mvwf©m|
Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kZ©¸‡jv e¨³ ev Ae¨³ hvB †nvK bv †Kb, fvov Kiv ev cvwi‡Zvwl‡Ki wewbg‡q †Kvb
†`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b, ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b `¶, A`¶, ˆ`wnK kªg, KvwiMwi, eëmv‡qi DbœwZ welqK
ev †KvivYxi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wk¶vbwekmn †h †Kvb e¨w³‡K gRywi`v‡bi †¶‡Î G AvBb Kvh©Ki n‡e| Z‡e
g¨v‡bRvi ev cÖkvmwbK Kv‡R wbhy³ e¨w³ A_ev ZË¡eav‡bi K‡R wbhy³ e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR¨ bq|
1. wkí cÖwZôvb t evsjv‡`‡k ejer†hvM¨ 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi 2(2) aviv Abyhvqx Ôwkí
cÖwZôvbÕ ej‡Z wbgœiƒc eySv‡e;
(K) gUi evm mwf©m; (L) WK, †cvZvkªq ev †RwU; (M) ev®ú PvwjZ Af¨šÍixY †bŠhvb; (N) Lwb,
D‡Ëvjb †K›`ª ev †Zj †K›`ª; (O) evMvb|
BDwbU `yB c„ôv-66

eëmvq AvBb
1980 mv‡ji 27 bs AvBb Øviv 6 Dcavivq cÖwZ¯’vwcZ|

(P) eënvi, n¯ÍvšÍi ev wewµi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h †Kvb ¯’vb, †hLv‡b cY¨ Drcvw`Z, ms‡hvwRZ ev wbqš¿Y Kiv nq
Giƒc †Kvb KviLvbv cÖwZôvb;
(Q) wegvb PjvPj ms¯’v;
(R) wbg©vY, cyb:wbg©vY, †givgZ, `vjvb, iƒcvšÍi ev †f‡½‡djv, iv¯Ív, U¨v‡bj, †Wªb, Lvj ev cyj A_ev gvj
cwien‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ mveK›Uªv±imn AÎ K›Uv±‡ii eëmv cÖwZôvb|
2. evMvb t gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi 2(3) aviv Abyhvqx ÔevMvbÕ ej‡Z wmb‡Kvbv, ivevi, Kwd ev Pv
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ †h †Kvb evMvb Ges †hLv‡b D³ Kv‡R AšÍZ: 25 Rb ev Z‡ZvwaK †jvK
Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q|
3. gRywi t gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡b 2(6) aviv g‡Z A_© Øviv cwi‡kva‡hvM¨ mKj cÖKvi †eZb hv e¨³ ev
Ae¨³ †h †Kvbfv‡e ewY©Z wb‡qv‡Mi kZ© c~i‡Yi ci mswkøó ew³‡K cwi‡kva Kiv nq| K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ
e¨w³i wbqwgZ Dcw¯’Z, fvj KvR ev Ab¨ †Kvb eënv‡ii d‡j kZ© mv‡c‡¶ A_© cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j D³
cÖ`Ë A_© gRywi e‡j MY¨ n‡e| AviI D‡jøL¨ †h, †Kvb cÖ`Ë ‡evbvm ev DwjøwLZ kZ© Abyhvqx Ab¨
†h‡Kvb cvIbv A_ev PvKzwi †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †èvi ci Kg©Pvwii cvIbv A_© gRywii AšÍf~³ n‡e| Z‡e wbgœ
ewY©Z welq¸‡jv gRywii g‡a¨ co‡e bv:
(K) †Kvb Avevmb myweav Ges mievinK…Z Av‡jv, cvwb, wPwKrmv ev Ab¨‡Kvb iƒc myweav A_ev
miKvi KZ©~K mvaviY ev we‡kl wb‡`©‡ki AIZvi evB‡i Ab¨ †h †Kvb cÖKvi myweav g~j¨;
(L) gvwjK KZ©„K cÖ`Ë †h †Kvb †cbmb dvÛ ev cÖwf‡WÛ dvÛ;
(M) †h †Kvb ågY fvZv ev åg‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ`Ë myweav g~j¨;
(N) PvKzwii we‡kl †Kvb cÖK„wZi Rb¨ mswk- ó †Kvb Kg©Pvwii Rb¨ AwZwi³ wKQy e¨q Kiv n‡j Zv;
A_ev
(O) PvKzwi †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`v‡bi ci †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b Awdmvi ev †h †Kvb Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ
†KivYx wn‡m‡e ev KvwqK cwikªgRwbZ ev †h †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ ew³, hv‡ì gvwmK
†eZb AbwaK 200 UvKv Zv‡ì Rb¨ G AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
wewfbœ gvgjvi iv‡q GUv cÖwZqgvb nq ‡h, gRywi ej‡Z Kv‡Ri Øviv AwR©Z cÖK…Z gRywi wKš‘ fwel¨r †Kvb
gRywi bq| A_©vr Pzw³ Abyhvqx KvR †kl nevi ci †h cvwikªwgK †`qv nq| AviI D‡jøL¨ ‡h fyjekZ
eiLv¯—K…Z Kg©Pvwii Aemi †bevi ciI gRywi cvevi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q, Zvi KviY n‡jv, †m wb‡qv‡Mi kZ©
c~iY Ki‡Q| gRywi ej‡Z kªwg‡Ki Avw_©K †eZbmn PvKzwi †_‡K Aemi †bevi ci †`q A_©I gRywii
Aš©Íf~³ n‡e|
gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai `vq (Responsibility for Payment of Wages) t gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi 3 avivq
gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai `vq-`vwqZ¡ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G avivi weavb Abymv‡i gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ mswk- ó
wb‡qvM-KZ©v gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡eb| Z‡e, †Kvb wVKv`vi KZ„©K wb‡qvMK…Z bv n‡q _vK‡j
wb‡æv³ e¨w³ gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡eb:
(K) KviLvbvi †¶‡Î, 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvB‡b whwb eë¯’vcK c‡` wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb;

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(L) wkí cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î, wkíwU ‡`Lv-‡kvbv I wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ whwb gvwj‡Ki wbKU `vqx;
(M) †i‡ji †¶‡Î, †ij cÖkvmb hw` Z`viwK I wbqš¿‡Yi fvi †Kvb eë¯’vcK ev Abyiƒc †Kvb g‡bvbxZ
e¨w³i nv‡Z b¨¯Í K‡i, Z‡e †m e¨w³ gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx |
gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai †gqv` I mgq t gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi 4 I 5 avivq gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai †gqv` I mgq
Kvj m¤úwK©Z weavb i‡q‡Q| G AvB‡bi 4 aviv g‡Z gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai †gqv` Kvj 1 gv‡mi †ekx n‡e bv|
1. (K) 5 avivq gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai mgq wba©viY K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q| G aviv Abyhvqx †h KviLvbv ev wkí
cÖwZôv‡b GK nvRv‡ii Kg ‡jvK wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q †m‡¶‡Î 7 w`b AwZµvšÍ nevi c~‡e© cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gRywi
cwi‡kva K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| 5(1) aviv|
2. †ijI‡q ev Ab¨ †Kvb KviLvbv ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b GK nvRv†ii †ekx ‡jvK KvR K‡i, Zv‡ì `k
w`‡bi g‡a¨ gRywi cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| 5(2) aviv|
gRywii mg‡qi †kl w`‡bi ci G mgq Kv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva‡hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
3. gvwjK ev gvwj‡Ki c‡¶ Ab¨ †Kn KZ©„K Kg©Pvwii PvKzwiPz¨wZ NUv‡j D³ Kg©Pvwii mgy`q AwR©Z
gRywi PvKzwi †_‡K Aemvb NUv‡bvi ZvwiL n‡Z 2q Kg© wè‡mi g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| 5(2)
aviv|
4. KviLvbv e¨ZxZ †ijI‡q‡Z wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³†ì g‡a¨ †h †Kvb e¨w³ ev †h †Kvb †kªYxi e¨w³‡K †eZb
cwi‡kv‡ai `vqx ew³‡K G avivi AvIZv †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡q miKvi mvaviY ev we‡kl AvBb Rvwi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 5(3)|
5. mKj gRywi †Lvjvi w`‡b cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e 5(4) aviv|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, 5 avivq DwjøwLZ mgq mxgvi g‡a¨ gRywi cwi‡kva bv Ki‡j 20 (1) aviv Abyhvqx
kvw¯—i weavb i‡q‡Q| 6 aviv Abymv‡i mKj gRywi cÖPwjZ gy`ªv ev Kv‡iwÝ †bvU ev e¨vsK †PK Øviv
cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb 1936 evsjv‡`ki KjKviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl fv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| GB
AvBb Abyhvqx gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ mswkøó wb‡qvM-KZ©v gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡eb| gRywi
cwi‡kva AvBb Abyhvqx †h KviLvbv ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b GK nvRv‡ii Kg ‡jvK wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q †m‡¶‡Î 7
w`b AwZµvšÍ nevi c~‡e© cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gRywi cwi‡kva K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

eëmvq AvBb
gRywi †_‡K KZ©b, Avcxj, wb‡qvwRZ KZ„©c‡¶i ¶gZv, gvwj‡Ki wbKU ‡_‡K UvKv Av`vq I GB
AvBb Abyhvqx kvw¯Í|
(Deduction form Wages, Appeal)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb-
wK wK Ki‡Y gRywi KZ©b Kiv hvq;
cwi`k©K †K n‡Z cvi‡eb I Zvi ¶gZv;
wej‡¤^ gRywi cwi‡kva ev †eAvBbxfv‡e gRywi KZ©v‡bi kvw¯Í;
Abv`vqx gRywi cvevi Rb¨ GKwU gvÎ Av‡e`b;
wKfv‡e †K Avwcj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
wbhy³ KZ…©c‡¶i ¶gZv; Ges
G AvBb Abymv‡i Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í|
7. gRywi †_‡K KZ©b (Deduction From Wages)

1. mvavibZ †Kvbiƒc KZ©b e¨wZZ gRywi cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| †ijI‡q Kg©Pvwi‡ì †¶‡Î 1890 mv‡ji
AvB‡b †h weavbB _vKzK bv †Kb, Zv‡ì †eZb ‡_‡K KZ©‡bi Rb¨ GB AvB‡bi weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
‡Kvb †¶‡Î †eZb †_‡K KZ©b Kiv hv‡e Zv G AvB‡bi 7(2) avivq eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges 8-13
avivq KZ©b msµvšÍ wewa weavbmg~‡ni we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY ‡`qv Av‡Q|
2. ‡Kej gvÎ G AvB‡bi weavb Abymv‡i wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î gRywi †_‡K KZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
(K) Rwigvbv;
(L) Kv‡R Abycw¯’Z _vKvi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b;
(M) gvjvgv‡ji ¶wZ mvavb; UvKv cqmvi Mowgj;
(N) gvwjK KZ…K AvevwmK my‡hvM myweavi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b;
(O) miKv‡ii mvaviY ev we‡kl wb‡`©‡k gvwjK KZ…©K mievinK„Z †Kvb my‡hvM myweav ev mvwf©‡mi Rb¨ gRywi
KZ©b;
(P) cÖ`Ë AwMÖg gRywi ev c~‡e© UvKv †ekx †`qv n‡q _vK‡j Zvi Rb¨ KZ©b;
(Q) Kg©Pvwi‡ì †`qv AvqKi;
(R) Av`vjZ ev Ab¨ †Kvb ¶gZvm¤úbœ KZ©…c‡¶i wb‡`©‡k KZ©b;
(S) cÖwf‡W›U fv‡Û Rgvi Rb¨ KZ©b;
(T) miKvi KZ…K mgevq mwgwZi Puv`v ev †cv÷vj exgvi wcÖwgqvg eve` KZ©b;
(U) miKvi KZ…K Aby‡gvw`Z, hy×Kvjxb mÂq cwiKíbvi Puv`v ev evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii wbivcËv, µ‡qi
D‡Ï‡k¨ mswkøó Kg©Pvwii mwgwZi Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z KZ©b|
8. Rwigvbv t
(1) miKvi ev Ab¨‡Kvb ¶gZv m¤úbœ KZ…©c‡¶i Aby‡gv`b Ges Dcaviv (2) Abymv‡i gvwjK KZ…©K
weÁvwcZ Aciva e¨wZZ Ab¨‡Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb Kg©Pvwi‡K Rwigvbv eve` †Kvb KZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(2) Aciv‡ai ZvwjKv Kg©¯’‡j †Kvb `ªóe¨ ¯’v‡b wba©vwiZ c×wZ ev †ijI‡qi †¶‡Î wbw`©ó ¯’vb ev
¯’vbmg~‡n jUKv‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
(3) KviY `k©v‡bvi my‡hvM e¨wZZ A_ev wbav©wiZ c×wZ AbymiY bv K‡i †Kvb Kg©Pvwi †_‡K †Kvb gRywi
KZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv|
(4) GKwU gRywii mgq Kv‡j †Kvb Kg©Pvwi †_‡K Rwigvbvi cwigvY cÖvc¨ †gvU gRywii `k kZvsk ev
UvKv cÖwZ `k cqmvi †ekx n‡e bv|
(5) 15 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx †Kvb Kg©Pvwii wbKU †_‡K Rwigvbv A`vq Kiv hv‡e bv|
(6) Av‡ivwcZ Rwigvbv wKw¯Í‡Z A_ev Av‡iv‡ci 60 w`b ci Av`vq †hvM¨ bq|
(7) ‡h Aciv‡ai Rb¨ Rwigvbv avh© Kiv n‡e, †m Aciva msNwVZ nevi ZvwiL †_‡K Rwigvbv avh© Kiv
n‡q‡Q e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
(8) mgy`q Av`vqK…Z Rwigvbv Av`v‡qi ci †iwR÷ªv‡i †iKW© ivL‡Z n‡e Ges h_vh_ KZ…©c‡¶i
Aby‡gv`bµ‡g KviLvbv ev cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì Kj¨‡YB ïay gvÎ eëüZ n‡e|
9. Kv‡R Abycw¯’wZi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b:
(1) PvKywii kZ© Abyhvqx Kv‡Ri †h ¯’v‡b Dcw¯’Z _vKv Avek¨K, †Kvb Kg©Pvwi †m ¯’v‡b Dcw¯’Z bv _vK‡j
7(2) Gi L aviv Abymv‡i gRywi KZ©b Kiv hv‡e| D³ Abycw¯’wZ D³ Kvh©Kv‡ji AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y©
mg‡qi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b Kiv hv‡e|
(2) Z‡e †Kvb Kg©Pvwii Rwigvbv eve` KZ©bK…Z UvKvi cwigvY †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Abycw¯’wZ mgqKv‡j
cÖvc¨ †gvU gRywii †ekx n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
AviI kZ© _v‡K ‡h, `k ev Z‡ZvwaK †jvK GK‡hv‡M webv ‡bvwU‡k Ges hyw³m½Z †Kvb KviY Qvov Kv‡R
Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j cÖ‡Z¨K ew³i wbKU †_‡K AbwaK AvU w`b K‡i †eZb KvUv hv‡e|
10. ¶q¶wZi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b t †Kvb Kg©Pvwi gvwj‡Ki †Kvb m¤ú‡ì ÎywU Ki‡j ev Zuvi Ae‡njvi
Kvi‡Y m¤ú‡ì ¶wZmvab n‡j D³ ¶wZi mgcwigvY A_© Rwigvbv wnmv‡e Av`vq Kiv hv‡e| †m‡¶‡Î
mswkøó e¨w³‡K AvZ¥c¶ mg_©‡bi my‡hvM bv w`‡q †Kvb ¶wZc~iY Av`vq Kiv hv‡e bv|
(1) 3 aviv Abymv‡i gRywii cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx e¨w³ wbw`©ó c×wZ‡Z Abyiƒc KZ©bK…Z gRywi wnmve
GKwU †iwR÷ªv‡i wjwce× K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
11. cÖ`Ë my‡hvM-myweavi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b t 7 avivi Dcaviv (2) Gi ÔNÕ I ÔOÕ Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx
AvevwmK my‡hvM, Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM ev mvwf©m, mswkøó Kg©Pvwi MÖnY bv Kiv ch©šÍ Zvi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b
Kiv hv‡e bv| Ges †fvMK…Z AvevwmK my‡hvM, Ab¨vb¨ myweav ev mvwf©‡mi cÖK„Z g~‡jï †_‡K †ekx
UvKv †eZb †_‡K KZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv| AviI D‡jø¶¨ †h, O Abœ‡”Q` Abyhvqx †eZb KZ©b Ki‡Z n‡j
miKvwi kZ©vax‡b Zv n‡Z n‡e|
12. cÖ`Ë AwMÖ‡gi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b
(1) PvKzwii c~‡e© cÖ`Ë AwMÖg GKwU cyY©v½ gRywiKv‡ji cÖ_g gRywi †_‡K KZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, ågY
fvZv eve` AwMÖg gRywi †_‡K Av`vq Kiv hv‡e bv|

eëmvq AvBb
(2) AwR©Z nqwb Ggb gRywi †_‡K cÖ`Ë AwMÖg A`v‡qi †¶‡Î miKv‡ii wewa †gvZv‡eK Ges DwjøwLZ
wKw¯—‡Z cÖ`Ë AwMÖg Av`vq Kiv hv‡e|
13. mgevq mwgwZ I exgv cwiKíbvq A_© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b t gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi 7 avivi
Dcavivi (2) Gi (T) I (U) Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx gRywi KZ©‡bi †¶‡Î miKvi KZ…©K Av‡ivwcZ wewa
Abyhvqx gRywi KZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
14. cwi`k©KMY
(1) 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvBb Abyhvqx wbhy³ KviLvbvmg~‡ni Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ cwi`k©K G AvB‡bi
D‡Ï‡k¨ Zuvi AvIZvaxb mKj KviLvbvi Rb¨ cwi`k©K e‡j MY¨ n‡eb|
(2) †h †Kvb †ijI‡q‡Z wbhy³ G AvB‡bi AvIZvfy³ e¨w³e‡M©i Rb¨ G AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨
wfbœ cwi`k©K wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(3) miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g wbR we‡ePbvq †h †Kvb e¨w³‡K hZ msL¨K cÖ‡qvRb cwi`k©K
wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM `vb K‡i Zv‡ì AvIZvaxb GjvKv I †Kvb& †Kvb& wkí cÖwZôvb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki AvIZvaxb
n‡e, Zv wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
(4) GKRb cwi`k©K Zuvi hyw³m½Z †h †Kvb mgq, †h †Kvb GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i wnmve I †eZb
cwi‡kva msµvš— ‡h †Kvb †iwR÷ªvi I `wjj-cÎ cix¶v-wbix¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †h †Kvb
e¨w³i mv¶¨ MÖnY I G AvB‡bi AIZvq AbymÜvb Kivi Rb¨ ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(5) evsjv‡`‡ki `Ûwewa Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K cwi`k©K miKvwi Kg©Pvwi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡eb|
15. gRywi cwi‡kv‡a wej¤^ Ges f~qv ev ev‡bvqvU `vwei Rb¨ `Û
(1) gRywi †_‡K †eAvBbxfv‡e KZ©b ev wej¤^ gRywi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ AvcwË we‡ePbv I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨
miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g kªwg‡ì ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ †h †Kvb kªg Av`vj‡Zi †Pqvig¨vb A_ev
†Kvb wePviK‡K KZ…©c¶ wn‡m‡e miKvi wb‡qvM `vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb [15(1)]
(2) †h mKj †¶‡Î gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb ewn©f~Zfv‡e †Kvb e¨w³i gRywi †_‡K KZ©b ev wej¤^ gRywi cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q, D³ e¨w³ ev AÎ AvB‡b †Kvb cwi`k©K, ev kªwgK ms‡Ni †Kvb fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©v ev GB
avivi 1 Dcaviv Abyhvqx wb‡qvwRZ KZ…©c‡¶i AbygwZ wb‡q †h †Kvb e¨w³ 3 Dcaviv Abyhvqx
wb‡`©‡ki Rb¨ Giƒc KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, G mKj Av‡e`b ‡h
Zvwi‡L wbqg ewn©f~Zfv‡e KZ©b ev wej‡¤^ gRywi cwi‡kva K‡i‡Q, †m ZvwiL †_‡K 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
AviI D‡jøL¨ †h, D³ 6 gv‡mi ciI Av‡e`b MÖnY †hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i, hw` Av‡e`bKvix KZ…©c¶‡K
eySv‡Z m¶g nq ‡h, D³ 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ A‡e`b bv Kivi †c‡Q‡b hyw³ms½Z KviY we`¨gvb wQj [
(15)2 aviv]|
(3) Dcaviv (2) Abymv‡i `vwLjK…Z Av‡e`b we‡ePbvi Rb¨ M„nxZ n‡j ev`x I weev`x Dfq c‡¶i e³e¨
kªeY Ki‡eb A_ev e³e¨ †ck Kivi my‡hvMmn cÖ‡qvR‡b Z`šÍc~e©K G AvBb Abyhvqx mswkøó gvwjK
ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb `Û cÖvß n‡jI Zv Ab¨_v bv K‡iI KwZ©Z gRywi mswkøó ew³‡K †diZ `vb

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
ev †ìx‡Z gRywi cwi‡kvai Rb¨, KZ…©c¶ g‡b Ki‡j 25% ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| Z‡e hw` KZ…©c¶ mš‘ó nb †h gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai wej¤^ nevi †cQ‡b wbgœwjwLZ KviY we`¨gvb
wQj; Z‡e D³ wej‡¤î Rb¨ ¶wZ c~i‡Yi wb‡`©k w`‡eb bv, Ges
(K) Av‡e`bKvixi gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai e¨vcv‡i h_v_© ÎywU ev cÖK…Z †Kvb we‡iva wQj; A_ev
(L) Ggb ‡Kvb cwiw¯’wZ ev Riyix Ae¯’v wQj hvi Kvi‡Y hyw³m½Z †Póv Kivi ciI `vqx e¨w³ mgqgZ
gRywi cwi‡kv‡a e¨_© nq; A_ev
(M) hw` Av‡e`bKvix h_vmg‡q †eZb MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z bv nq ev Dcw¯ÍZ n‡Z e¨_© nq|
(4) GB aviv Abyhvqx KZ©…c¶ hw` cÖgvY K‡i †h, Av‡e`bKvix `~iwfmwÜc~Y© ev ev‡bvqvU e³e¨ cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb; Z‡e, KZ…©c¶ ev`x‡K AbwaK 50 UvKv RwigvYv K‡i gvwjK‡K ev gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨
`vqx ew³‡K cwi‡kva Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(5) G aviv Abyhvqx cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ wb‡`©wkZ ‡h †Kvb cwigvY UvKv miKvix cvIbv wn‡m‡e wba©vwiZ
mg‡q Av`vq Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; hw` Abyiƒc gRywi `vex`vi KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU Av‡e`b K‡ib|
16. Abv`vqx gRywii Rb¨ GK Rb kªwg‡Ki c‡¶ GKwU gvÎ Av‡e`b
(1) hw` GKRb kªwgK GKB cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Ges GKB gRywi mg‡qi Rb¨ cÖvc¨ gRywi 5 aviv‡Z
ewY©Z mgq mxgvi g‡a¨ bv †c‡q _vK‡j mswkøó mKj Kg©Pvwi gRywi bv cvIqv GKB MÖy‡ci Kg©Pvwi
e‡j aiv n‡e|
(2) GKB MÖycfy³ gRywi bv cvIqv Kg©Pvwi‡ì c‡¶ 15 aviv Abymv‡i GKwU gvÎ Av‡e`b Kiv hv‡e Ges
Abyiƒcfv‡e 15 (1) aviv Abymv‡i cÖwZRb Av‡e`bKvix‡K 100 UvKv K‡i ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©k †`qv
hv‡e|
(3) Z‡e, c„_K c„_K Av‡e`‡bi †¶‡Î 3 avivi Dcaviv (2) Abymv‡i GKwU gvÎ Av‡e`b e‡j we‡ePbv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †m †gvZv‡eK D³ Dcavivi weavb H †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
17. Avcxj
(1) 15 avivi Dcaviv (3) ev Dcaviv (4) †gvZv‡eK cÖ`Ë Av‡`‡ki weiy‡× Avcxj Ki‡Z PvB‡j, D³
wb‡`©k cÖ`vb †_‡K 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ kªg Av`vj‡Z Avcxj Ki‡Z cvi‡e:
(K) †gvU †`q UvKv gRywi wn‡m‡e cÖ`v‡bi Av‡`k cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j Ges Av‡`kK…Z ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY
300 UvKvi AwaK n‡j gvwjK ev 3 aviv Abymv‡i gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx e¨w³; A_ev
(L) Abv`vqx gRywii cwigvY Rb cÖwZ 50 UvKvi D‡a© n‡j †m‡¶‡Î mswkøó Kg©Pvwi; A_ev
(M) 15 avivi Dcaviv (4) g‡Z Rwigvbvi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
(2) Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i e¨wZZ Ab¨ mKj wel‡q 15 avivi Dcaviv (3) ev (4) g‡Z cÖ`Ë Ab¨ mKj
wb‡`©k P~ovšÍ e‡j MY¨ n‡e| A_©vr Avcx‡ji A‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
18. wbhy³ KZ…©c‡¶i ¶gZv t 15 avivi (1) Dcaviv g‡Z wb‡qvMK…Z mKj KZ©„c¶ mv¶¨ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î,
Ges mv¶x‡ì nvwRi Kivi j‡¶¨ Ges `wjjcÎ †ck Kivi Rb¨ †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Zi mKj ¶gZv
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges G mKj KZ…©c¶ mKj wel‡q Av`vjZ e‡j MY¨ n‡eb|

eëmvq AvBb
19. KwZcq †¶‡Î gvwj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K gRywi Av`v‡qi ¶gZv t AÎ AvB‡bi 15 aviv Abymv‡i KZ…©c¶
ev 17 avivq DwjøwLZ KZ„©c¶, 3 aviv Abymv‡i gvwjK ev‡` gRywi cvwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx e¨w³ †_‡K
hw` 15 I 17 avivi wb‡`©kg‡Z gRywi Av`vq Ki‡Z e¨_© nq; †m‡¶‡Î, gvwj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K D³
UvKv Av`vq Ki‡eb|
20. GB AvBb Abyhvqx kvw¯Í t
(1) †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b PvKyix‡Z wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³ e‡M©i gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx †h †Kvb ew³ AÎ AvB‡bi
5 I 7 avivi wbqg cvj‡b e¨_© n‡j 100 UvKv ch©š‘ Rwigvbv, A_ev 6 gvm ch©š‘ †Rj ev Dfq `‡Û
`wÛZ n‡e|
(2) ‡h‡Kvb e¨w³ 4 aviv A_ev 25 aviv Agvb¨ Ki‡j m‡e©v”P 200 UvKv ch©š‘ `Ûbxq n‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
Rwigvbv, Kv‡R Abycw¯’Z _vKvi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b, gvjvgv‡ji ¶wZ mvavb, UvKv cqmvi Mowgj, gvwjK
KZ…K AvevwmK my‡hvM myweavi Rb¨ gRywi KZ©b BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y kªwg‡Ki gRywi KZ©b Kiv hv‡e| gRywi
†_‡K †eAvBbxfv‡e KZ©b ev wej¤^ gRywi cÖ`vb msµvšÍ AvcwË we‡ePbv I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ miKvi
†M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g kªwg‡ì ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ †h †Kvb kªg Av`vj‡Zi †Pqvig¨vb A_ev †Kvb
wePviK‡K KZ…©c¶ wn‡m‡e miKvi wb‡qvM `vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
msw¶ß cÖkœvejx
1. 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb Abymv‡i wbgœwjwLZ k‡ãi evL¨v Kiyb:
(K) cÖwZôvb
(L) gRywi
(M) wkí
(N) gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx e¨w³|
2. gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai †gqv` wba©viY I gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai mgq m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavb¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv
Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœvejx
1. 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb Abyhvqx wK wK Kvi‡Y gRywi KZ©b Kiv hvq Ges wK fv‡e Kiv hvq Zv
eY©bv Kiyb|
2. gRywi †_‡K KZ©b ev gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai wej¤^ †nZy `vwe I ev‡bvqvU `vwei `Û msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv
Kiyb|

BDwbU
3
KviLvbv AvBb-1965
The Factories Act-1965
f~wgKv
wkí weí‡ei Av‡M †_‡KB eû gvbyl KjKviLvbvq KvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i AvmwQj| wKšÍy ZLb
kªwgKMY wewfbœfv‡e wbh©vZ‡bi ¯^xKvi n‡q AvmwQj| GgbwK wkí wecø‡ei ïiy‡ZB KjKviLvbvi kªwgKiv
`xN© Kg© NÈv, A¯^v¯’¨Ki I bxivcËvnxb Kg© cwi‡e‡k KvR K‡i eû kªwgK AKvj g„Zz¨Kz‡j X‡j c‡o| Zvi
d‡j, Kg© NÈv Kgv‡bv, wbivcËv e„w× I ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ `xN© w`bhver kªgRxex gvbyl msMÖvg K‡i
AvmwQj| KjKviLvbvi myôy cwi‡ek, mnbkxj Kg© NÈv I wbivc` Kg© cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ we‡kl
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q| d‡j wewfbœ †`‡k KjKviLvbvi Rb¨ c„_K AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq| ZviB
avivevwnKZvq weªwUk Avg‡j me©cÖ_g 1881 mv‡j fviZ e‡l© KjKviLvbv msµvšÍ AvBb cvk nq; hv
ciewZ©‡Z K‡qK evi ms‡kvab n‡q 1934 mv‡j KjKviLvbv AvB‡b cÖwm×Zv jvf K‡i| Avi 1934 mv‡ji
ms‡kvwaZ KjKviLvbv AvBbB 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb m„wó nevi ci Z`vbxšÍb cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBbwU ejer Kiv
nq| Zvi ci 1965 mv‡j KviLvbv AvBbwU bZzbfv‡e cÖYqb Kiv nq| D³ 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvBbwU
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci mvgvb¨ ms‡kvab K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ ejerKiv nq; hv 1965 mv‡ji Kj-
KviLvbv AvBb bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i Ges cieZ©x‡Z wKQz wKQz ms‡kvab Kiv nq| G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ
cv‡V KviLvbv AvB‡bi wewfbœ welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cÖv_wgK welqvejx (Preliminary)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb hv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb, Zv n‡jv-
AvBbwUi wk‡ivbvg, AvIZv I Avi¤¢ ;
KviLvbv AvB‡b eëüZ wewfbœ wel‡qi msÁv;
KviLvbvi KvR Avi‡¤¢i c~‡e© cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU †_‡K AbygwZ cvevi cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© ev ‡bvwU‡ki
welqe¯‘;
†gŠmygx KviLvbv ej‡Z wK eySvq;
G AvB‡bi weavbmg~n cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¶gZv; Ges
KjKviLvbvi jvB‡mÝ I †iwR‡÷ªkvb cvevi weavbmg~n|
aviv 1| wk‡ivbvg, AvIZv I Avi¤¢ t

1) G AvBbwU Kj-KviLvbv AvBb 1965 bv‡g AewnZ n‡e|
2) G AvB‡bi AvIZv mgMÖ evsjv‡`k |
3) G AvBb Awej‡¤^ Kvh©Ki n‡e|
aviv 2| G AvB‡b eëüZ wewfbœ msÁvmg~n t
(K) ÔwK‡kvi-wK‡kvixÕ Ggb mKj ew³‡K †evSv‡e hv‡ì eqm 16 eQi c~Y© n‡q‡Q; wKš‘, GLbI 18 eQi
c~Y© nqwb;
(L) ÔmvevjKÕ n‡jv Ggb e¨w³ hvi eqm 18 eQi c~Y© n‡q‡Q;
(M) ÔwkïÕ ej‡Z Ggb ew³‡K eySv‡e hvi eqm 16 eQi c~Y© nqwb;
(N) w`b ej‡Z gaïvwÎ †_‡K cieZ©x 24 NÈv eySv‡e;
(O) Ôwe‡ùviK `ªe¨Õ ej‡Z we‡ùviK `ªe¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kivi Dcv`vb‡KI eySvb n‡e ;
(P) ÔKviLvbvÕ ej‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mxgvbvmn Ggb feb‡K eySv‡e, †h ¯’v‡b `k ev Z‡ZvwaK kªwgK KvR
Ki‡Q ev c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡mi g‡a¨ †Kvb 1 w`b KvR K‡iwQj, Ges †mLv‡b ‰e`ÿwZK kw³ eëüZ nq
A_ev Zv e¨wZZ †Kvb cÖKvi Drcv`b cÖwµqv m¤úbœ n‡”Q; Z‡e, G Øviv 1923 mv‡ji Lwb AvB‡bi
AvIZvq †Kvb Lwb‡K †evSv‡e bv;
(Q) Ôhš¿cvwZÕ ej‡Z cÖavb PvwjKv hš¿, mÂvjbKvix hš¿ Ges we`ÿr Drcv`b, iƒcvšÍi, mÂvjb I
cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ eëüZ Ab¨vb¨ KjKâv‡KI eySv‡e|
(R) ÔDrcv`b cÖwµqvÕ AÎ AvB‡bi 2 (R) avivq Drcv`b cÖwµqv ej‡Z wbgœiƒc eySv‡et
(1) †Kvb e¯‘ eënvi, weµq, cwienb, Ac©Y, cÖ`k©b ev h_vh_ eënv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY,
iƒcvšÍi, †givgZ, A½-m¾v Kiv, is Kiv, †mŠ›`h© ea©b Kiv, †aŠZ Kiv, †kl ¯úk© †`qv,
fv½v, asm ev P~Y© Kiv, ev Ab¨ †Kvb fv‡e eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv; A_ev
(2) †Zj, M¨vm, cwb, b`©gvi gqjv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Zij c`v_© cwi®‹vi Kiv; A_ev
BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 76

eëmvq AvBb
(3) we`ÿr ev M¨vm Drcv`b, iƒcvšÍi Kiv ev mÂvjb Kiv ; A_ev

(4) RvnvR ev †bŠhvb ‰Zix; cyb:wbg©vY, †givgZ, ms¯‹vi, †kl ¯úk© †`qv ev †f‡½ †djvevi
cÖwµqv; A_ev
(5) gy`ªY hš¿, wj‡_vMÖvwd, d‡UvMÖvdvi Gi mvnv‡h¨ ev Giƒc †Kvb KvR Øviv wKQy Qvcv‡bv A_ev
c„_K eëmv ev gybvdv AR©‡bi Rb¨ ev Ab¨ †Kvb eëmv‡qi mnvqK wn‡m‡e cy¯‘K euvavB
cÖwµqv|
(S) ÔKviLvbvi `Lj`viÕ ej‡Z Ggb ew³‡K †evSvq whwb KviLvbv wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ P~ovšÍ ¶gZvi
AwaKvix| Z‡e, †Kvb KviLvbv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ g¨v‡bwRs G‡R‡›Ui wbKU _vK‡j †m‡¶‡Î D³
KviLvbvi g¨v‡bwRs G‡RÈ‡KB KviLvbvi `LjKvix e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
(T) Òwba©vwiZÓ ej‡Z G AvBb Øviv cÖYxZ wewagvjv Øviv wba©vwiZ eySv‡e|
(U) ÒcÖavb PvwjKv hš¿Ó ej‡Z †Kvb BwÄb, †gvUi A_ev we`ÿZ Drcv`b ev mievi‡ni Rb¨ eëüZ
Ab¨ †Kvb KjKâv‡K eySv‡e|
(V) Òwi‡jÓ ej‡Z eySvq, †h †¶‡Î GKRvZxq KvR w`‡bi wewfbœ mg‡q `yB ev `yB Gi AwaK kªwgK
`je×fv‡e m¤úbœ K‡i, ‡m‡¶‡Î cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K eySv‡e|
(W) ÒwkdUÓ n‡jv hLb GKB RvZxq KvR w`‡bi wfbœ wfbœ mgv‡q `yB ev Zvi ‡ekx kªwgK `je×fv‡e
mgvav K‡i, Zvi cÖ‡Z¨K mgq‡K eySv‡e|
(X) ÒmÂvjbÓ hš¿ ej‡Z †Kvb `Û (shaft), PvKv (wheel), Wªvg, KvwcKj (pulley), ms‡hvRb hš¿,
(Coupling) `„p aviY hš¿ (clutch), PvjK †eë (driving belt), A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb KjKâvi
gva¨‡g cÖavb PvwjKvi MwZ Ab¨ †Kvb h‡š¿ mÂvwjZ Kiv nq ev M„nxZ nq, Zv‡K eySvq|
(Y) ÒmßvnÓ n‡jv mvßvwnK QzwUi w`‡bi cieZ©x ga¨ ivwÎ †_‡K ïiy K‡i cieZ©x mvZ w`b|
(Z) ÔkªwgKÓ n‡”Q Ggb e¨w³, †h †eZb ev webv‡eZ‡b †Kvb KviLvbvi Drcv`b cÖwµqvi Kv‡R, ev
Drcv`b cÖwµqvq eëüZ hš¿cvwZ ev feb cwi®‹vi Kivi Kv‡R A_ev Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³
Avbymw½K Kv‡R ev G‡RwÝi gva¨‡g wbhy³ nq; †h K‡¶ ev ¯’v‡b †Kvb Drcv`b cªwµqvi KvR nqbv,
wKš‘ †mLv‡b ïaygvÎ †KivYxiv Kv‡R wbhy³ e¨w³‡K eySv‡e bv|
(_) ÒZiyY e¨w³Ó ej‡Z †Kvb wkï ev be hyeK ev hyeZx‡K eySv‡e|
(`) Òkw³Ó n‡”Q Ggb ‰e`ÿwZK kw³ ev Ab¨ †Kvb kw³‡K eySv‡e hv hvwš¿K Dcv‡q mÂvjb nq Ges hv
gvbweK ev cvkweK kªg Øviv Drcvw`Z bq|
(a) ÒgRyixÓ ej‡Z 1936 mv‡ji gRyix cwi‡kva AvB‡bi 4 bs avivq ewY©Z gRyix‡K eySv‡e|
3| KwZcq ¯’v‡b G AvB‡bi weavbmg~n cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¶gZv t
(1) miKvi †M‡RU weÁwß cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g †h ¯’v‡b we`ÿr kw³ eënvi K‡i ev bv K‡i Drcv`b cÖwµqv
cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q ev mvaviYZ nq; Ges †hLv‡b 5 ev Zvi †ekx kªwgK KvR Ki‡Q ev c~e©eZ©x 12
gv‡mi g‡a¨ †Kvb GK w`b KvR K‡i‡Q, †m ¯’vb‡K G AvB‡bi AvIZvf~³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
(2) Dcaviv (1) Abyhvqx †Kvb weÁwß GKwU ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© ev Abyiƒc †kªYxi †Kvb ¯’vbmg~n m¤ú‡K©,
A_ev Abyiƒcfv‡e mKj ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© cÖPvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(3) 2 aviv (6) Aby‡”Q‡` hvB ejv _vKzK bv †Kb, †h ¯’v‡b G AvB‡bi mKj ev AvswkK weavb (1)
Dcavivi †NvlYv Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨, †m ¯’v‡bB gvÎ G AvB‡bi weavb¸‡jv cÖ‡qvM mv‡c‡¶
KviLvbv e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv hv‡e, bZzev KviLvbv e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv|
4| wfbœ wfbœ wefvM‡K ¯^Zš¿ KviLvbv e‡j †NvlYv Kivi GLwZqvi t miKvi wjwLZ wb‡`©ki gva¨‡g ‡Kvb
KviLvbvi wewfbœ wefvM ev kvLv¸‡jv‡K G AB‡bi mKj ev wKQz-wKQy D‡Ï‡k¨ GK GKwU ¯^Zš¿
KviLvbv e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
5| Ae¨vnwZ `v‡bi ¶gZv t miKvi †M‡RU weÁwß cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g †Kvb KviLvbv‡K ev †Kvb we‡kl
†kªYxi ev weeiYf~³ KviLvbv¸‡jv‡K G AvB‡bi mKj weavb n‡Z A_ev we‡kl †Kvb weavb †_‡K Rb
¯^v‡_© hyw³hy³ we‡ewPZ n‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó mgq Kv‡ji Rb¨ Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
6| KvR ïiy Kivi c~‡e© BÝ‡c±i‡K †bvwUk `vb t
(1) †Kvb feb‡K †Kvb `LjKvix e¨w³ KZ…©K KviLvbv wn‡me eëüZ Ki‡Z PvB‡j Giƒc eënvi
ïiy Kivi AšÍZ 15 w`b c~‡e© Pxd BÝ‡c±i‡K wbgœ ewY©Z KviYmn wjwLZfv‡e †bvwUk cvVv‡Z
n‡e t-
(K) KviLvbvi bvg I Ae¯’vb;
(L) `LjKvix e¨w³i bvg I wVKvbv;
(M) KviLvbv m¤ú©wKZ wPwV cvVv‡bvi wVKvbv;
(N) Drcv`b cÖwµqvi aib;
(O) G AvBb ejer nevi Zvwi‡L †h mKj KviLvbv we`¨gvb wQj, †m¸‡jvi †¶‡Î 12 gv‡mi Drcv`b cÖwµqvi
cÖK…wZ;
(P) Ab¨ mKj KviLvbvi Rb¨ AvMvgx 12 gv‡mi Drcv`b cÖwµqvi cÖK…wZ;
(Q) KviLvbvi eënvi‡hvM¨ kw³i cwigvY I cÖK„wZ;
(R) KviLvbvq wb‡qvM‡hvM¨ m¤¢ve¨ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v;
(S) AÎ AvBb ejer Kivi Zvwi‡L †h me KviLvbv we`¨gvb wQj †m mKj †¶‡Î D³ KviLvbvmgy‡ni
weMZ 12 gv‡mi Mo wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨|
(2) †Kvb KviLvbv hLb G AvB‡bi AvIZvf~³ n‡e, †m me KviLvbvi `LjKvixMY G AvB‡bi AvIZvfy³
nevi 20 w`‡bi g‡a¨ (1) Dcavivq DwjøwLZ weeiYmn GKwU †bvwUk wjwLZfv‡e Pxd BÝc±‡ii wbKU
cvVv‡Z n‡e|
(3) †h mKj KviLvbvq 180 w`‡bi Kg mgq Drcv`b cÖwµqv Pvjy _v‡K, †m me KviLvbv cybivq
Drcv`b cÖwµqv ïiy Kivi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ 6 (1) Dcavivq DwjøwLZ weeiY m¤^wjZ wjwLZ †bvwUk
cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU cvVv‡Z n‡e|
(4) KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRv‡ii cwieZ©b n‡j, g¨v‡bRv‡ii cwieZ©‡bi ZvwiL †_‡K 7 w`‡bi g‡a¨ G
cwieZ©b msµvšÍ GKwU †bvwUk wjwLZfv‡e cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU ‡cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
(5) †h †¶‡Î KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi c‡` †KDB wb‡qvwRZ bv _v‡K, A_ev g¨v‡bRvi c‡` wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³
KviLvbv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i bv, †m mgq †h e¨w³ KviLvbv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i,

eëmvq AvBb
†m e¨w³ Ges †m †¶‡Î †Kvb e¨w³B Giƒc `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i bv, †m †¶‡Î KviLvbvi `LjKvix
e¨w³ wb‡R GB AvB‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡eb|
7| †gŠmygx KviLvbv t ‡h mKj KviLvbv GK eQ‡i 180 w`‡bi Kg Kvh© wè‡m Drcv`b cÖwµqv Pvjy _v‡K
Ges †Kvb wbw`©ó †gŠmyg Qvov cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y Drcv`b Kh©µg Pvjy ivLv m¤¢ve nq bv, miKvi †M‡RU
weÁwß Rvwii gva¨‡g Gai‡bi KviLvbvmg~n‡K G AvB‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †gŠmygx KviLvbv e‡j †NvlYv w`‡Z
cv‡ib|
8| KviLvbvi Aby‡gv`b jvB‡mÝ I wbeÜxKiY t
1| miKvi-
(K) ‡Kvb KjKviLvbv ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbv wbg©vY ev m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z cÖavb
cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU wjwLZfv‡e c~e©vbygwZ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j Av‡`k`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(L) †Kvb KviLvbv ev we‡kl †Kvb †kªYxi KviLvbv †iwR‡÷ªkb I jvB‡mÝ MÖnY Avek¨K Ges Giƒc
†iwR‡÷ªkb I jvB‡mÝ MÖnY I bevq‡bi Rb¨ wd wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
2| Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i cwiKíbv I we¯—vwiZ weeiYx Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU
cvVv‡bvi `yB gv‡mi g‡a¨ †Kvb wjwLZ Av‡`k cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU †_‡K cvIqv bv †M‡j D³
Av‡e`b gÄyi n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
(2) AviI ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, cÖavb cwi`k©K hw` †Kvb KviLvbvi wbg©vY ev m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Av‡e`b
A_ev KviLvbv wbeÜxKiY ev jvB‡mÝ cÖ`v‡b Am¤§wZ Ávcb K‡ib, †m‡¶‡Î D³ Av‡e‡`bKvix
Giƒc cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ miKv‡ii wbKU Avcxj Kivi AwaKvi msi¶Y K‡ib|
cvV ms‡¶c
KviLvbv AvBb Abyhvqx wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, mvevjK, wkï, w`b, we‡ùviK `ªe¨, KviLvbv, hš¿cvwZ, wkdU, mßvn,
kªwgK, gRywi| GB AvBb Abyhvqx †Kvb feb‡K KviLvbvi bvg I Ae¯’vb; `LjKvix e¨w³i bvg I wVKvbv;
KviLvbv m¤ú©wKZ wPwV cvVv‡bvi wVKvbv; Drcv`b cÖwµqvi aib; G AvBb ejer nevi Zvwi‡L †h mKj KviLvbv
we`¨gvb wQj, †m¸‡jvi †¶‡Î 12 gv‡mi Drcv`b cÖwµqvi cÖK…wZ; Ab¨ mKj KviLvbvi Rb¨ AvMvgx 12
gv‡mi Drcv`b cÖwµqvi cÖK…wZ; KviLvbvi eënvi‡hvM¨ kw³i cwigvY I cÖK„wZ; KviLvbvq wb‡qvM‡hvM¨
m¤¢ve¨ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v; AÎ AvBb ejer Kivi Zvwi‡L †h me KviLvbv we`¨gvb wQj †m mKj †¶‡Î D³
KviLvbvmgy‡ni weMZ 12 gv‡mi Mo wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
KviLvbvi cÖavb cwi`k©K, cwi`k©K I mvwUwd‡KU `vbKvix mvR©b

(Chief Inspector, Inspector and Certyfying Surgeon)
D‡Ïk¨-
cÖavb cwi`k©K I cwi`k©KM‡Yi wb‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
cÖavb cwi`k©K I cwi`k©KM‡Yi ¶gZv I AvIZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
mvwU©wd‡KU `vbKvix mvR©‡bi wb‡qvM, ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx m¤ú©‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
cwi`k©K
9| cÖavb cwi`k©K I cwi`k©KMY t
(1) miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g †h †Kvb e¨w³‡K KviLvbvmg~‡ni Rb¨ cªavb cwi`k©K wb‡qvM Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| AvBb Abymv‡i cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki ¶gZvmn mgMÖ †`‡k cwi`k©K‡ì ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
cvi‡e Ges Zvi wbqš¿Yvaxb mKj cwi`k©‡Ki KvR Z`viK I wbqš¿Y Ki‡eb|
Z‡e Av‡iv kZ© n‡jv †h, cÖavb cwi`k©K Zuvi wbqš¿vaxb †h †Kvb Awdmvi ev Awdmvi‡K wbR wbR
wbw`©ó GjvKvq Zvi mKj ¶gZv ev AvswkK †h †Kvb ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Kivi AwaKvi w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(2) miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g †hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ e¨w³‡K G AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ cvj‡bi Rb¨
cwi`k©K wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges wb‡qvMK…Z cÖ‡Z¨K cwi`k©‡Ki Rb¨ AvIZvfy³ GjvKv wbw`©ó
K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a miKvwi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g G AvB‡bi mKj ev †h †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ cvjb
Kivi Rb¨ †h †Kvb miKvwi Awdmvi‡K cwi`k©K wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡q Zv‡ì GjvKv wef³ K‡i
w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(4) cÖ‡Z¨K †Rjvi wWwm Zuvi wbR wbR †Rjvi Rb¨ cwi`k©K e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡eb|
(5) hv‡ì †Kvb KviLvbvi mv‡_ cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ fv‡e Drcv`b cÖwµqv ev eëmv‡qi mv‡_ ev Zuvi
mswkøó †Kvb hš¿cvwZ‡Z ¯^v_© _vK‡j ev ¯^v_© n‡q co‡j, Zuv‡K KviLvbvi cwi`k©K wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e
bv; A_ev B‡Zvg‡a¨ Giƒc †Kvb e¨w³‡K cwi`k©K wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q _vK‡j D³ c‡` wZwb
envj _vK‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
(6) ‡Kvb GjvKv‡Z G‡Ki AwaK cwi`k©K wb‡qvM n‡q _vK‡j miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g †Kvb&
¶gZv †Kvb& cwi`k©‡Ki Dci b¨¯Í _vK‡e Zv fvM K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib Ges †Kvb& cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU
wba©vwiZ †bvwUk cvVv‡Z n‡e †M‡R‡U Zv D‡jøL K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(7) cÖavb cwi`k©K I mKj cwi`k©K 1860 mv‡ji `Û wewai 21 aviv Abyhvqx miKvwi Kg©Pvwi e‡j
we‡ewPZ n‡eb Ges Dcaviv 3 †gvZv‡eK cwi`k©KMY weÁwß‡Z wb‡`©wkZ KZ©„c‡¶i Aaxb
_vK‡eb|

eëmvq AvBb
(8) cÖavb cwi`k©Kmn mKj cwi`k©K 1860 mv‡ji ØÛwewai 21 aviv Abymv‡i miKvwi Kg©Pvwi e‡j
MY¨ n‡eb Ges miKvi †h fv‡e wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb, Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Abyiƒc KZ©„c‡¶i Aaxb
_vK‡eb|
10| cwi`k©KM‡Yi ¶gZv t G AvBb Abyhvqx GKRb cwi`k©K Zuvi Aaxb GjvKvq-
1| (K) evsjv‡`k miKvi ev †h-‡Kvb wgDwbwmcvwjwUi ev ¯’vbxq KZ©„c‡¶i K‡g© wbhy³ †Kvb Kg©Pvwi‡K
mnKvix wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡q KviLvbv iƒ‡c eëüZ n‡”Q e‡j ev n‡Z cv‡i e‡j hyw³hy³ g‡b
Ki‡j GmKj ¯’v‡b cÖ‡ek, cwi`k©b I cix¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(L) KviLvbvi †iwR÷ªvi mvwU©wd‡KU, weÁwß Ges Ab¨vb¨ `wjjcÎ PvB‡Z cv‡ib Ges cª‡qvR‡b
cix¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cÖwZwUi bKj wb‡Z cvi‡eb|
(M) KviLvbv AvB‡bi weavbmg~n Ges Ab¨vb¨ AvBb hv mvgwqKfv‡e kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvR¨, †m mKj wewa¸‡jv wVKgZ AbymiY Kiv n‡”Q wKbv Zv g‡b Ki‡j cix¶v I Zjøvkx
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(N) cÖ‡qvRb n‡j wZwb cwi`k©‡bi mgq KviLvbvi `LjKvix m¤ú‡K© KviLvbvi †h †Kvb e¨w³ †_‡K
wee„wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(O) GB AvBb Abyhvqx KviLvbvi †h ‡KD‡K ev hv‡K m½Z g‡b Ki‡eb ev †h Aš—Z`yB gvm n‡Z
KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb, Zv‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Z‡e wb‡Ri Aciva ¯^xKvi Kiv‡Z ev mv¶¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z KvD‡K eva¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| hv‡ì mv¶¨ MÖnY
Ki‡eb, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gZvgZ wjwce× K‡i Zv cÖZ¨vqb¯îƒc Zv‡ì mK‡ji ¯^v¶i wb‡eb|
(2) G AvBb Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvi `LjKvix, Zvi cÖwZwbwa, ev Kg©Pvwie„›` KviLvbvq cÖ‡ek,
cix¶v wbix¶v I Zjøvkx, bgybv MÖnY A_©vr G AvBb Abymv‡i cwi`k©‡Ki ¶gZv cª‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î
cwi`k©K‡K mKj cÖKvi mnvqZv`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
(3) cwi`k©K Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi ¯^v‡_© wba©vwiZ c×wZ Abymv‡i cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †h †Kvb KviLvbvi
†h †Kvb †iKW©cÎ †iwR÷ªvi ev Ab¨ †Kvb `wjj AvUK Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
11| mvwU©wd‡KU `vbKvix mvR©b t
(1) G AvBb Abyhvqx miK‡ii cQ›`gZ †h †Kvb †hvM¨ †iwR÷ªW© wPwKrmK‡K cÖZ¨qb`vbKvix mvR©b c‡`
wb‡qvM K‡i, Zv‡ì ¯^ ¯^ AvIZvaxb mxgvbv A_ev KviLvbv ev KviLvbvi †kªYxi bvg wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡Z
cv‡ib| †h e¨w³ †Kvb KviLvbvi gvwjK, `LjKvix, ev cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e ¯^v_© RwoZ _vK‡j ev
D³ KviLvbvi †Kvb c¨v‡U›U ev D³ KviLvbvi †Kvb hš¿cvwZi mwnZ †Kvb ¯^v_© RwoZ _vK‡j wZwb
cÖZ¨vqb `vbKvix mvR©b n‡Z cvi‡eb bv; A_ev wb‡qvwRZ n‡q _vK‡j Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
(2) cÖZ¨vqb cÖ`vbKvix wPwKrm‡Ki `vwqZ¡-
(K) G AvBb Abyhvqx ZiyY e¨w³‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v I mvwU©wd‡KU `vb;
(L) KviLvbvq wec`RbK †ckvq ev Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v;
(M) †Kvb KviLvbvq ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbvq ¯^v¯’¨ welq Z`viKx Kvh©; †hgb-
(1) we‡kl ai‡bi Drcv`b cÖwµqvi Rb¨ A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y kªwgKMY Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j ev Amy¯’
n‡Z cv‡i e‡j hyw³ms½Z KviY _vK‡j;

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(2) Drcv`b cÖwµqvi cwieZ©b ev Drcv`‡bi we‡kl ai‡bi Rb¨ kªwgK‡ì ¯^v‡¯’ï Dci weiƒc
cÖwZwµqv _vKvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j; Ges
(3) †Kvb Kv‡R AcÖvß eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì wb‡qvM Ki‡j ev wb‡qv‡Mi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j Ges D³ wb‡qv‡Mi
d‡j hw` wb‡qvMK…Z AcÖvß eq¯‹‡ì ¯^v‡¯’ï ¶wZ nevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
cvV ms‡¶c
miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g †hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ e¨w³‡K G AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ cvj‡bi Rb¨ cwi`k©K
wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges wb‡qvMK…Z cÖ‡Z¨K cwi`k©‡Ki Rb¨ AvIZvfy³ GjvKv wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
evsjv‡`k miKvi ev †h-‡Kvb wgDwbwmcvwjwUi ev ¯’vbxq KZ©„c‡¶i K‡g© wbhy³ †Kvb Kg©Pvwi‡K mnKvix
wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡q KviLvbv iƒ‡c eëüZ n‡”Q e‡j ev n‡Z cv‡i e‡j hyw³hy³ g‡b Ki‡j GmKj ¯’v‡b
cÖ‡ek, cwi`k©b I cix¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G AvBb Abyhvqx miK‡ii cQ›`gZ †h †Kvb †hvM¨ †iwR÷ªW©
wPwKrmK‡K cÖZ¨qb`vbKvix mvR©b c‡` wb‡qvM K‡i, Zv‡ì ¯^ ¯^ AvIZvaxb mxgvbv A_ev KviLvbv ev
KviLvbvi †kªYxi bvg wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|

eëmvq AvBb
¯^v¯’¨ i¶v eë¯’v (Health and Hygine)
D‡Ïk¨
kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v msµvš— AvB‡bv wewa¸‡jv wK wK Zv Rb‡Z cvi‡eb;
kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ wewa¸‡jvi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
KviLvbv AvB‡bi 12-21 aviv ch©š‘ kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v msµvšÍ wewa-weavbmg~n ewY©Z Av‡Q, hv mswkøó
gvwjK KZ…K c~iY Kivi wb‡`©k i‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb¸‡jv eY©bv Kiv
n‡jv:
12| cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv t
(1) G Dcaviv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbv cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ I Acwi®‹vi b`©gv ev gqjv AveR©bv hv‡Z evZvm
`~wlZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, †m eë¯’v K‡i‡Z n‡e; Ges we‡klZ -
(K) KviLvbvi †g‡S, kªwgK‡ì emvi †eÂ, wmwo, hvZvqv‡Zi c_, I cÖv½b cÖwZw`b Svoy ev Ab¨
†Kvb Dcv‡q cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e;
(L) KviLvbvmg~‡ni †g‡S mßv‡n AšÍZ GK evi K‡i cvwb Øviv †aŠZ Kiv ev cÖ‡qvR‡b KxUbvkK
Jla Øviv A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvh©Ki eë¯’vi gva¨‡g cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e;
(M) Drcv`b cÖwµqvi d‡j †g‡S‡Z cvwb Rg‡j ev wf‡R †M‡j cvwb wb®‹vk‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z
n‡e;
(N) KviLvbvi ga¨Kvi †`qvj, wmwjs, Qv`, wmwo, hvZvqvZ c_ cÖf„wZ m¤ú‡K© wbgœwjwLZ weavb ev
wb‡`©k †`qv Av‡Q:
(1) evwb©k ev is Kiv _vK‡j cÖwZ 5 eQ‡i Aš—Z GKevi is ev evwb©k Ki‡Z n‡e;
(2) hw` is ev evwb©k _v‡K Ges Dnvi Dci †_‡K Pzb evwj L‡m covi gZ n‡j cÖwZ †PŠÏgv‡m
Aš—Z GK evi cwi®‹vi I †givgZ Kivi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e;
(3) Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î †PŠÏgv‡m AšÍZ GKevi PzbKvg ev ewb©k Ki‡Z n‡e;
(O) Dc‡i ewY©Z (N) Aby‡”Q` g‡Z Kvh© m¤úv`b Kiv n‡j Zv wbw`©ó †iwR÷ªv‡i ZvwiLmn wjwce×
K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e |
(2) Dcaviv 1 Abymv‡i Kvh©Ki eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j †m‡¶‡Î D³ KviLvbv ev we‡kl †Kvb †kªYxi
KviLvbv‡K G AvB‡bi weavb †_‡K †invB w`‡q Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡q KviLvbv cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ Kivi
weKí †Kvb cš’v Aej¤^‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡i|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
13| AveR©bv I Zij c`v_© AcmviY t

(1) KviLvbvi Drcv`b cÖwµqv Pjvi d‡j m„ó eR© `ªe¨w` I Zij c`v_© AcmviY Kivi Kvh©Ki eë¯’v MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
(2) miKvi Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib A_ev †Kvb
KZ©„c‡¶i wbKU †_‡K Aby‡gv`b MÖn‡Yi cš’v m‡¤ú‡K© wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
14| evqy PjvPj I Zvc gvÎv t
(1) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq Kv‡Ri N‡i evqy PjvPj I myôy ZvcgvÎvi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q Kvh©Ki eë¯’v _vK‡Z
n‡e:
(K) wbg©j evqy cÖ‡e‡ki ch©vß eë¯’v;
(L) kªwgK‡ì kixi my¯’ ivLv I Kv‡Ri Ni ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv i¶v‡_© eë¯’v MÖnY; Ges we‡klZ:
(M) Kv‡Ri N‡ii Qv` I †`qvj Ggb fv‡e Ges Ggb gvjvgvj Øviv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z me mgq
ZvcgvÎv ¯^vfvweK _v‡K;
(2) ‡h‡¶‡Î we‡kl ai‡bi cÖwµqvi d‡j A¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq, †m‡¶‡Î Kvh©Ki I myôy
eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vi Dc‡hvMx ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq Avbvi Rb¨ Mig evZvm †ei
Kivi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e;
(3) †h †Kvb KviLvbv ev we‡kl †Kvb †kªYxi KviLvbv ev Dnvi †Kvb As‡ki Rb¨ ch©vß evqy PjvPj I
Dchy³ ZvcgvÎvi gvb wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib Ges KviLvbvi †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Zvcgvb hš¿
emvevi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(4) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †Kvb KviLvbv ev we‡kl †Kvb †kªYxi KviLvbv‡K PzbKvg K‡i, ‡¯cÖ
K‡i, ev wew”Qbœ K‡i ewni †`qv‡j ev Rvbvjv ev Quv‡` c`©vi eë¯’v K‡i, ev Quv` DPz K‡i ev Wvej
Quv` wbg©vY K‡i AwZwi³ ZvcgvÎv Kgv‡bv m¤¢ve n‡j Dc‡iv³ ev Ab¨ †Kvb eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k
w`‡Z cvi‡e|
15| a~jv-ewj I †avqv t
(1) †Kvb KviLvbv we‡kl †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqvi d‡j †Kvb ayjv-evwj ev †avqvi m„wó n‡j Ges Zv
hw` ¯^v¯’¨nvbxi KviY nq Z‡e, D³ ayjvevwj Drcbœ ev †avqv m„wó e‡Üi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki eë¯’v Ki‡Z
n‡e|
(2) ‡Kvb KviLvbvq Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b †avqv †ei nevi eë¯’v bv _vK‡j Abo B›Uvib¨vkbvj K¤úvkb BwÄb
Pvjv‡bv hv‡e bv ev †avqv R‡g Kv‡Ri Kvgivq Kvg©iZ kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨nvbx bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨
Kvh©Ki eë¯’v MÖnY e¨wZZ N‡ii g‡a¨ D³ BwÄb Pvjv‡bv hv‡ebv|
16| K…wÎg Av`ªZv t ‡Kvb KviLvbvq K…wÎg Dcv‡q evZv‡mi Av`ªZv e„w× Kiv n‡j, †mLv‡b G D‡Ï¨‡k¨
eëüZ cvwb †Kvb miKvwi Drm ev Ab¨ †Kvb Drm †_‡K wb‡Z n‡e A_ev D³ Kv‡R cvwb
eënv‡ii c~‡e© Dnv weï×Ki‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, G m¤ú‡K© miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j
wbgœiƒc wewagvjv cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e:

eëmvq AvBb
(K) Av`ªZvi gvb wba©viY;

(L) evZv‡m K…wÎg Av`ªZv m„wói gvÎv evov‡bvi †¶‡Î h_vh_ cÖwµqv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e;
(M) m„ó Av`ªZv I Zv wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡`©k `vb; Ges
(N) Kv‡Ri N‡i ch©vß evZvm PjvP‡ji eë¯’v I evZvm VvÛv ivLvi Kvh©Ki I myôy eë¯’v wba©viY|
Z‡e, hw` cwi`k©K j¶¨ K‡ib †h, cwb DËg iƒ‡c weï× Kiv n‡”Qbv; †m‡¶‡Î, †bvwUk cÖ`vb K‡i h_vh_
eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡ib|
17| AwZwi³ wfo t
(1) †Kvb KviLvbvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri N‡i GZ †ekx wfo n‡ebv hv‡Z Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì ¯^v‡¯’ïnvbx N‡U|
(2) Dcavi (1) Gi weavb Agvb¨ bv K‡i cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri N‡i cÖwZwU e¨w³i Rb¨ wb‡æv³ eë¯’v _vK‡Z
n‡e:
(K) G AvBb ejer nevi mgq we`¨gvb KviLvbvq Aš—Z 350 eM©dzU ¯’vb _vK‡Z n‡e; Ges
(L) G AvBb Kvh©Ki nevi ci cÖwZwôZ KviLvbvi Rb¨ Aš—Z 500 eM© dzU RvqMv _vK‡Z n‡e, Z‡e
†Kvb N‡ii D”PZv 18 dzU n‡j G Dcavivi weavbm~gn cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
(3) cÖavb cwi`k©K wjwLZ wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡i D³ KviLvbvq cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri N‡i me©vwaK KZ Rb †jvK
KvR Ki‡e, Zv cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri N‡i jUwK‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
(4) cÖavb cwi`k©K cÖ‡qvR‡b kªwgK‡ì ¯^v‡¯’ïnvwb bv NwU‡q Dchy³ kZ© mv‡c‡¶ Gavivi
evaëvaKZv †_‡K †invB w`‡Z cv‡ib|
18| Av‡jvi eë¯’v t kªwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri N‡i I PjvP‡ji ¯’vbmg~‡n cwiwgZ cÖvK…wZK I K…wÎg Av‡jvi
eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡jv hv‡Z mivmwi †Pv‡L bv c‡o ev gk„Y †g‡S‡Z Av‡jv c‡o Av‡jvK”QUv I
Nbxf~Z Qvqv †hb †Pv‡L bv c‡o, Zvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †mRb¨ Rvbjvi M- vm ev Quv` msjMœ KuvP
wfZi I evwni Dfq w`K †_‡K cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e| G m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvR‡b miKvi wewagvjv Rvwi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
19| Lvevi cvwb t cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq Dchy³ ¯’v‡b me©`v weï× cvwbi eë¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
(1) iv‡Z ev cv‡Î Lvevi cvwb wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e Ges cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki AbygwZ e¨wZZ Lvevi cvwbi
10 dz‡Ui g‡a¨ †Kvb †aŠZvMvi, cÖmve Lvbv ev cvqLvbv _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv|
(2) 250 R‡bi ‡ekx kªwgK Kg©iZ _vK‡j me mgq VvÛv cvwbi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
(3) mKj KviLvbvi ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbvi Rb¨ G avivi weavbmg~n Kvh©KiY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
miKvi wewagvjv ‰Zwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
20| cvqLvbv I cÖmveLvbv t

(1) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq -
(K) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq myweavRbK ¯’v‡b wba©vwiZ ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K cvqLvbv I cÖmveLvbv _vK‡Z
n‡e|
(L) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq gwnjv I cyiy‡li Rb¨ c„_K cvqLvbv I cÖmveLvbv _vK‡Z n‡e|
(M) D³ cvqLvbv I cÖmveLvbvq cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges ch©vß Av‡jv evZvm PjvPj _vK‡Z n‡e|
(N) Dnv ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z fv‡e cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ I RxevYygy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|
(O) Dnvi ga¨Kvi †`qvj I †g‡Si Dci 3 dzU ch©šÍ gk„Y Mv_ybx _vK‡Z n‡e|
(2) G msµvšÍ wel‡q miKvi wewa gvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
21| wcK`vwb t
(1) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq ch©vß msL¨K wcK`vwbi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
(2) miKvi †h †Kvb KviLvbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K wcK`vwb I Zvi aib wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib
I ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Zfv‡e Zv cwi®‹vi Kivi eë¯’v msµvš— wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) ‡Kvb Kg©Pvwi G aviv j•Nb K‡i wcK`vwb e¨wZZ Ab¨ †Kvb ¯’v‡b _y_y ev Kd-Kvwk †dj‡j, Zvi
Rb¨ kvw¯Íi weavb Ki‡e| G msµvšÍ wel‡q GKwU †bvwUk Kv‡Ri ¯’v‡b jUwK‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
(4) ‡KD Dcaviv (3) j•Nb Ki‡j AbvwaK 2 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
KviLvbv AvBb Abyhvqx KviLvbvi †g‡S, kªwgK‡ì emvi †eÂ, wmwo, hvZvqv‡Zi c_, I cÖv½b cÖwZw`b
Svoy ev Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡q cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e; KviLvbvmg~‡ni †g‡S mßv‡n AšÍZ GK evi K‡i
cvwb Øviv †aŠZ Kiv ev cÖ‡qvR‡b KxUbvkK Jla Øviv A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvh©Ki eë¯’vi gva¨‡g cwi®‹vi
Ki‡Z n‡e; Drcv`b cÖwµqvi d‡j †g‡S‡Z cvwb Rg‡j ev wf‡R †M‡j cvwb wb®‹vk‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e;
wbg©j evqy cÖ‡e‡ki ch©vß eë¯’v; †Kvb KviLvbv we‡kl †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqvi d‡j †Kvb ayjv-evwj ev
†avqvi m„wó n‡j Ges Zv hw` ¯^v¯’¨nvbxi KviY nq Z‡e, D³ ayjvevwj Drcbœ ev †avqv m„wó e‡Üi Rb¨
Kvh©Ki eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvb KviLvbvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri N‡i GZ †ekx wfo n‡ebv hv‡Z Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì
¯^v‡¯’ïnvbx N‡U| kªwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri N‡i I PjvP‡ji ¯’vbmg~‡n cwiwgZ cÖvK…wZK I K…wÎg Av‡jvi eë¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e| iv‡Z ev cv‡Î Lvevi cvwb wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e Ges cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki AbygwZ e¨wZZ Lvevi
cvwbi 10 dz‡Ui g‡a¨ †Kvb †aŠZvMvi, cÖmve Lvbv ev cvqLvbv _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq ch©vß
msL¨K wcK`vwbi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|

eëmvq AvBb
wbivcËv (Safety)
D‡Ïk¨
kªwgK‡ì wbivcËv msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb msµvšÍ welq m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
wbivcËv weavb¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘
KviLvbv AvB‡bi 22 †_‡K 42 aviv ch©šÍ kªwgK‡ì wbivcËv msµvšÍ weavbmg~n ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
22| AwMœKv‡Ûi weiÛ‡× mZK©Zv t
(1) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq Av¸b jvM‡j wbivc‡` †ei n‡q hvevi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
(2) cwi`k©K hw` g‡b K‡ib †h, AwMœKv‡Ûi mgq wbivc‡` †ei n‡q Avmvi myeë¯’v †bB; Z‡e, wZwb
wjwLZfv‡e g¨v‡bRvi‡K D³ eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) KvivLvbvi †Kvb ¯’v‡b †Kvb e¨w³ Dcw¯’Z _vKv Ae¯’vq Zvjv eÜ ev k³fv‡e AvUwK‡q ivLv hv‡e
bv| ìRv Ggbfv‡e AvUKv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †fZi †_‡K mn‡R †ei n‡q Avmv hvq, †m eë¯’v Ki‡Z
n‡e|
(4) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq AwMœKv‡Ûi mgq †ei n‡q Avmvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbwg©Z Rvbvjv, ìRv ev evwni c‡_
jvj Kvwj w`‡q kªwgK‡ì †evaMg¨ fvlvq eo eo A¶‡i ev Ab¨ †Kvb †evaMg¨ ms‡KZ jUwK‡q
ivL‡Z n‡e|
(5) AwMœKv‡Ûi mgq kªwgK‡ì ûwkqvix ms‡KZ `v‡bi Dchy³ eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
(6) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq AwMœKv‡Ûi mgq †ei n‡q Avmvi Rb¨ ch©vß Dchy³ eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
(7) KviLvbvi wbPZjv e¨wZZ Ab¨ `k ev Z‡ZvwaK Zjvq KvR K‡i ev ‡hLv‡b we‡õviK ev `vn¨
c`v_© eënvi ev Rgv K‡i ivLv nq, †mLv‡b AwMœKvÛ NU‡j †mLvb †_‡K wbivc‡` †ei n‡q Avmv
m¤ú©‡K AewnZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Abyiƒc NUbvq AvZ¥i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z n‡e|
(8) mKj KviLvbv ev we‡kl †kªYxi †Kvb KviLvbvq AwMœKv‡Ûi mgq wK ai‡bi I KZ msL¨K
AwMœwbe©vcK hš¿ _vK‡e Ges wK ai‡bi AvZ¥i¶vg~jK eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, †m m¤ú‡K©
wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
23| hš¿cvwZ wN‡i ivLv (Fancing of Machinary) t kªwgK‡ì wbivcËvi Rb¨ wec`RbK hš¿cvwZ ev
wec`RbK Askmg~n fvjfv‡e wN‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
(1) we‡kl K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K h‡š¿i wb‡gœv³ Askmg~n Dchy³fv‡e wN‡i ivL‡Z n‡e-
(K) Pjgvb As‡ki g~L¨ PvwjKv kw³ I N~Y©qgvb PvKv;
(L) RjPµ I UvievB‡bi Dci I wb‡Pi gyL;
(M) h‡š¿i gyL AwZµgKvix cÖ‡Z¨K ÷Kev‡ii mswkøó Ask;

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(N) we`ÿr Drcv`b hš¿, gUi ev †eUvix KbfvU©v‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K Ask;

(O) UªvÝwgkb hš¿cvwZi cÖ‡Z¨K Ask; Ges
(P) †h †Kvb hš¿cvwZi wec`RbK Askmg~n|
(2) hš¿cvwZ wN‡i ivLv m¤ú‡K© G AvB‡bi weavbMy‡jv Kvh©Ki †i‡L cÖwZwU msjMœ ¯Œz, †eë ev
cÖ‡Z¨K N~Y©vqgvb PvKvi Pvwe ev wcwbqb, kªwgK hvi ms¯ú‡k© Avmvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q, Ggb cª‡Z¨K
wRwbm wbivcËvg~jK †Nivi gv‡a¨ msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
(3) kªwgK‡ì wbivcËvi Dchy³ eë¯’v ivLvi k‡Z© †h‡Kvb hš¿ ev Zvi Ask we‡kl‡K G avivi
weavb †_‡K miKvi †invB w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(4) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a G msµvË wel‡q wewagvjv cÖYqb K‡i Zv cÖ‡qv‡Mi wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡ib|
24| Pjgvb h‡š¿ KvR (Work on machinery in motion) t

(1) G AvB‡bi 23 avivq ewY©Z hš¿cvwZ PjšÍ Ae¯’vq cix¶v K‡i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j A_ev D³ cix¶vi
d‡j †Kvb gvDw›Us ev †ev‡ëi wkwcs Pvjvb ìKvi n‡j ev hš¿wU Pvjy Ae¯’vq Ab¨ †Kvb KvR
Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j, ïay gvÎ AuvUmvU †cvkvK cwiwnZ we‡kl cÖwk¶YcÖvß eq¯‹ cyiyl kªwgK ØvivB
Kiv‡Z n‡e| †m‡¶‡Î D³ e¨w³i bvg †iwR÷ªv‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges D³ KvR Kivi mgq
6 BwÂi Kg PIov †eë Pjgvb P‡µi mwnZ mshy³ _vK‡j Zv nvZ w`‡q Pvj‡bv hv‡e bv|
(2) Pjgvb †Kvb Ask Pvjy _vKv Ae¯’vq †h †Kvb bvix ev wkï kªwgK‡K D³ As‡k ˆZj jvMvb,
cwi®‹vi Kiv ev ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z Ges D³ hš¿ Pvjy _vKv Ae¯’vq Pjgvb Ask I ms¯’vwcZ As‡ki
gvS Lv‡b A_ev `ywU Pjgvb As‡ki gvS Lv‡b KvR Ki‡Z †`qv hv‡e bv|
(3) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †M‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g †Kvb KviLvbvi ev we‡kl †kªYxf~³ †Kvb KviLvbvi
hš¿cvwZ Pvjy _vKv Ae¯’vq †Kvb wbw`©ó Ask †Zj jvMvb ev web¨¯Í Kiv wbwl× †NvlYv Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
25| wec`RbK h‡š¿i Kv‡Q ZiyY e¨w³‡ì wb‡qvM (Employement of Young Person in
Dangerious Machines) t
(1) †Kvb hš¿ msµvšÍ wec`vc` I D³ wec` n‡Z mZ©KZv Aej¤^b msµvšÍ cÖwk¶Y bv †`qv ch©š‘
†Kvb ZiyY e¨w³‡K †Kvb h‡š¿ KvR Ki‡Z †`qv hv‡ebv| Ges
(K) h‡š¿i KvR m¤ú‡K© h‡_ó cÖwk¶Y bv †`qv ch©š‘ ; A_ev
(L) mswkøó h‡š¿i KvR m¤ú‡K© c~e©Ávb m¤úbœ I `¶Zv m¤úbœ †Kvb e¨w³i mv‡_ KvR bv Ki‡j
Zv‡K KvR Ki‡Z ‡`qv hv‡e bv|
(2) miKvi †h mKj hš¿‡K wec`RbK e‡j wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges DcwiD³ weavb cvjb bv Ki‡j ‡m
mKj ¯’v‡b ZiyY e¨w³‡ì KvR eÜ K‡i w`‡eb; †mmKj h‡š¿i †¶‡Î G avivwU cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
26| ÷vBwKs wMqvi Ges Zwor cÖevn wew”Qbœ Kivi †KŠkj t
(1) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq-
(K) AvUKv‡bv I wehy³ As‡ki PvjK-†eë cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ myôy UªvBwKs wMqvi ev Abyiƒc †Kvb
†KŠk‡ji eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e Ges Dnv Ggbfv‡e ms¯’vwcZ I iw¶Z n‡e hvi d‡j Pjgvb †eë
cÖ_g AvU‡K bv hvq;

eëmvq AvBb
(L) PvjK †eë hLb eëüZ Ae¯’vq _vK‡e, ZLb Dnv‡K Pjgvb hš¿vs‡ki Dci ivLv hv‡e bv|
(2) cªwZwU KviLvbvi Kv‡Ri Ni¸‡jv‡Z hš¿ Pjv Ae¯’vq Riyix wfwË‡Z Zwor cÖevn wew”Qbœ Kivi gZ
Dchy³ †KŠk‡ji eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
(3) G AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kivi c~e© †_‡K †h mKj KviLvbv Pvjy wQj, Ges †h mKj ‡¶‡Î ‰e`ÿwZK kw³
eëüZ n‡Zv, †m mKj N‡iI G avvivi 2 Dcaviv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
27| ¯^qswµq hš¿cvwZ (Self Acting Machine) t KvR Kivi Rb¨ kªwgK‡ì PjvPj Kivi ev Ab¨
†Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb gvby‡li PjvPj Kivi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j †Kvb ¯^swµq h‡š¿i cv‡ki PjvP‡ji c_
18 BwÂi †ekx cÖk¯Í bv n‡j D³ hš¿ Pvjbv Kiv hv‡e bv| Z‡e, kZ© _v‡K †h G AvBb ejer nevi
c~‡e© ¯’vwcZ Giƒc hš¿mg~n‡K cÖavb cwi`k©K KZ…©K AviwcZ weavbmg~n cvj‡bi k‡Z© D³ weav‡bi
cÖ‡hvR¨Zv †_‡K †invB †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
28| bZzb hš¿cvwZ ev·eÜxKiY t
(1) G AvBb ejer nevi ci mKj KviLvbvq ¯’vwcZ I we`ÿr PvwjZ mKj h‡š¿-
(K) KviLvbvq ms‡hvwRZ ¯Œz, eë ev Pvwe e N~Y©vqgvb hš¿vsk, PvKv ev wcwbqb Ggbfv‡e ev‡·
e›`x K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi `yN©Ubv NUvi my‡hvM bv _v‡K; Ges
(L) hw` hyw³m½Z `~i‡Z¡ ms¯’vwcZ bv nq, Z‡e hš¿wUi hš¿gyL ev h‡š¿i ùvZ wbivcËv ev‡·
msi¶Y K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
(2) Dcaviv 1 Gi weavb Abymv‡i myiw¶Z bq Ggb †Kvb we`ÿr PvwjZ hš¿ †Kvb †jvK †Kvb
KviLvbvq wewµ Ki‡j ev fvov w`‡j wZb gvm ch©š‘ Kviv`Û ev 500 kZ UvKv ch©š‘ Rwigvbv
ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡Z n‡e|
(3) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡bKi‡j †Kvb we‡kl ai‡bi ev we‡kl †kªYxi h‡š¿i we‡kl we‡kl wec`RbK
As‡ki Rb¨ AwZwi³ wbivcËv weavb MÖnY m¤ú‡K© wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
29| Zzjvaybv h‡š¿i wbKU gwnjv I wkï kªwgK wb‡qvM wbwl×KiY t ‡Kvb KviLvbvi †h As‡k Zyjvaybvi
KvR nq, †m ¯’v‡b †Kvb gwnjv ev wkï‡K MvuBU eÜ Kivi KvR Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv| Z‡e, H h‡š¿i gyL
I ewnM©g‡bi c‡_i g‡a¨ hw` m‡šÍvlRbK DPz †`qvj _vK‡j, †m ¯’v‡b wkï ev gwnjv‡ì Kv‡R
wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e|
30| †µb ev Ab¨vb¨ hš¿cvwZ D‡Ëvjb (Cranes and other Liefting Machinary) t †Kvb
KviLvbvi Ôn‡q÷Õ ev Ôwjd&UÕ e¨wZZ †µb I Ab¨vb¨ fvi D‡Ëvjb h‡š¿i †¶‡Î IqvwK©s wMqvimn
Zvi cÖwZwU msjMœ ev Pjgvb Ask ev †PBb cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ m¤úbœ I h‡_vchy³ gvjvgvj Øviv
fv‡jvfv‡e wbwg©Z n‡Z n‡e Ges †m¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ 12
gv‡m Aš—Z GK evi K‡i AwfÁ `¶ KvwiMi Øviv cix¶v K‡i D³ cix¶vi dj wbw`©ó †iwR÷ªªv‡i
wjwce× K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| wbivc` fvi enb ¶gZvi AwZwi³ fvi enb Kiv hv‡e bv Ges fvi enb
¶gZv wjwLZ weÁwß AvKv‡i wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e| †µb Pvjy Av‡Q Ggb ¯’v‡b †Kvb e¨w³ Kg©iZ
_vK‡j Ges †µ‡bi mv‡_ Zvi ms¯úk© Avmvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j D³ ¯’v‡bi 20 dz‡Ui g‡a¨ hv‡Z †µb
bv Avm‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ Dchy³ eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| AviI kZ© _v‡K †h, miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Ki‡j G avivq ewY©Z weav‡bi AwZwi³ eë¯’v MÖnY m¤ú‡K©, A_ev †h ¯’v‡b cÖ‡qvRb †bB †mLv‡b
G avivi AvswkK ev mKj weavb n‡Z †invB w`‡Z cv‡ib|
31| †nv‡q÷ I wjd&U (Hoist and Lift) t †nv‡q÷ I wjd&U hv‡Z h‡_vchy³ kw³ m¤úbœ gvjvgvj Øviv
cÖ¯‘Z K…Z nq, Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kivi eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z
n‡e| cÖwZ Qq gv‡m AšÍZ GKevi `¶ I AwfÁ KvwiMi Øviv cix¶v K‡i djvdj †iwR÷ªv‡i wj‡L
ivLvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| m‡e©v”P wbivc` enb ¶gZv wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e Ges AwZwi³ †evSv hv‡Z
enb bv Kiv nq Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| gvbyl en‡bi †¶‡Î cÖ‡Z¨K n‡q‡÷ I wjd&‡Ui cv‡k©¦ cÖ‡ek
ev †ei nevi c_ _vK‡Z n‡e|
32| N~Y©vqgvb hš¿ (Moving Machinary) t KviLvbvq eëüZ mKj N~Y©vqgvb h‡š¿i N~Y©vqgvb As‡ki
m‡e©v”P wbivc` MwZmxgv ¯úófv‡e wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e Ges †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB D³ MwZ mxgv AwZµg
bv K‡i Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
33| PvcgvÎv hš¿ (Press Plant) t KviLvbvq eëüZ ‡Kvb hš¿ AvenvIqvi mvaviY Pv‡ci AwZwi³ Pvc
Øviv Pvjvb n‡j Zv †hb D³ h‡š¿i wbivc` Pvc ¶gZv AwZµg bv K‡i Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c wb‡Z
n‡e| miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j we‡kl we‡kl h‡š¿i wbivc` cwiPvjbv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wewagvjv
cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
34| †g‡S, wmuwo I cÖ‡ek c_ (Floors, Stairs, and Meanch of Access) t KviLvbvi †g‡S, wmuwo,
I cÖ‡ek c_ h‡_ó gReyZfv‡e wbg©vY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv fvjfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j aivi †iwjs Gi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| kªwgKiv †hLv‡b KvR K‡i †mLv‡b gReyZfv‡e
wbwg©Z cÖ‡ek I †ei nevi Dchy³ c_ _vK‡Z n‡e|
35| wcU, mv¤ú, myi½ gyL (Pits, Sums, Openeing in Floors) t ‡Kvb KviLvbvq ¯’vwcZ †f‡mj,
mv¤ú, UvsKvwcU A_ev †g‡Si myo½ c_ hw` Zv‡ì MfxiZv, MV‡bi aib ev Ae¯’vb cÖf…wZi Rb¨
wec`RbK e‡j g‡b nq, Z‡e G mKj gy‡L wbivcËvg~jK XvKbv eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev fvjfv‡e
†X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, miKvi g‡b Ki‡j we‡kl kZ© mv‡c‡¶ G mKj avivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡K
†Kvb KviLvbv ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbv‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡Z cv‡ib|
36| AwZwi³ †evSv (Excessive Light) t ‡Kvb KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì ˆ`wnK ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i
Giƒc fvi enb, D‡Ëvjb ev Pvjbvi KvR Kivb hv‡ebv| miKvi we‡kl †Kvb KviLvbvq ev we‡kl
†Kvb †kªYxi KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ cÖvß eq¯‹ wkï I gwnjviv KZ cwigvY gvjvgvj enb, D‡Ëvjb ev
Pvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zvi m‡ev©”P mxgv wba©viY K‡i wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
37| †Pv‡Li wbivcËv weavb t †Kvb KviLvbvq we‡kl †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqvi d‡j `ª‡eï KYv ev UzKiv
wQU‡K †Pv‡L cov ev AwZwi³ Av‡jvK”QUv ev Zv‡ci d‡j †Pv‡Li ¶wZi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j †Pv‡Li
wbivcËvi Rb¨ we‡kl ai‡bi Pkgvi eë¯’v I eënvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
38| ÎywUc~Y© hš¿vs‡ki Z_¨ Zje ev ¯’vwqZ¡ cix¶v Kiv t KviLvbvi †Kvb feb ev Zvi Ask A_ev †Kvb
hš¿cvwZi †Kvb Ask ev fe‡bi cÖ‡ek c_ gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wbicËvi Rb¨ wec`RbK e‡j cwi`k©‡Ki
eëmvq AvBb
wbKU g‡b n‡j, wZwb wjwLZfv‡e ‡bvwUk w`‡q KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRv‡ii wbKU †_‡K wbgœwjwLZ Z_¨
cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib:
(K) mswkøó feb, cÖ‡ek c_, hš¿ ev hš¿vsk eënvi Kiv wbivc` wKbv Zv wbY©‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Dnvi
WªBs, †¯úwmwd‡Kkb I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨; ev
(L) Dnv‡ì kw³ I gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Dchy³ cix¶v Pvjv‡bv Ges cix¶vi djvdj cwi`kK©‡K
Rvbv‡bv|
39| `vjvb I hš¿cvwZi wbivcËv t cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU hw` g‡b nq †h †Kvb KviLvbvq feb ev Dnvi Ask
we‡kl, cÖ‡ek c_ ev Zvi Ask we‡kl, Ges †Kvb hš¿ ev miÄvg Ggb ÎywUc~Y© Ae¯’vq Av‡Q †h,
Dnv gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ¶wZKi, Z‡e wba©vwiZ Zvwi‡L †h ai‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b
K‡ib cwi`k©K †m iƒc eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wjwLZ †bvwUk Rvwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cwi`k©K wbR we‡ePbvq H mKj ¯’v‡b †givgZ ev c~b:wbg©vY bv Kiv ch©š‘ Dnvi eënvi eÜ ivL‡Z
cv‡ib|
40| G Aa¨v‡qi cwic~iK wewagvjv cÖYq‡bi ¶gZv t
(1) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a †Kvb KviLvbvq ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbvq Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì wbivcËvi
Rb¨ AwZwi³ wbivcËv eë¯’v MÖnY ev †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z cv‡ib; Ges
(2) mswk- ó feb ev fe‡bi Ask we‡k‡li ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© wba©vwiZ d‡g© Dchy³ Kg©KZ©vi ¯^v¶iK…Z
mvwU©wd‡KU cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU Rgv bv ‡`qv ch©šÍ D³ feb ev Zvi Ask we‡k‡l we`ÿr
PvwjZ h‡š¿i Øviv Drcv`‡bi KvR eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e|
41| wec` RbK ev®ú n‡Z mZ©KZv (Precaution Against Fames) t KviLvbvi †Kvb N‡i, M‡Z©,
cv‡Î, †PŠev”Pvq, Rjvav‡i, b‡j ev †Kvb e× ¯’v‡b hw` †Kvb wec`RbK ev®ú _v‡K ev _vKvi
m¤¢vebv _v‡K, hvi d‡j gvby‡li k¦vm eÜ n‡q hvevi Dcµg n‡Z cv‡i, ‡m‡¶‡Î H mKj ¯’vbmg~‡n
g¨vb‡nvj ev ev®ú †ein‡q hvevi Kvh©Ki myeë¯’v bv _vK‡j G mKj ¯’v‡b KvD‡K cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z
†`qv hv‡e bv| hw` G mKj ¯’v‡b KD‡K cÖ‡ek Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq, Z‡e D³ ¯’vbmg~‡n cÖ‡ek Kivi
c~‡e© KviLvbvi `vwqZ¡kxj AwfÁ †Kvb e¨w³ cix¶v K‡i wjwLZfv‡e Rvbv‡Z n‡e ‡h, GmKj ¯’v‡b
Avi wec`RbK ev®ú †bB A_ev †h D³ ¯’v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Zvi D³ cwi‡e‡k cÖ‡e‡ki h_chy³
miÄvgvw` _vK‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †m cÖ‡qvR‡b K…wÎgfv‡e k¦vmcÖk¦vm MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvi †e‡ëi
mv‡_ k³fv‡e †gvUv iwk D³ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z †Kvb e¨w³i nv‡Z _vK‡Z n‡e| G mKj kZ© c~iY
n‡jB †KejgvÎ †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©‡K G iƒc ¯’v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv hv‡e|
42| we‡ùviK, ev `vn¨, a~jv, M¨vm cÖf„wZ (Explosive on Inferable Dust, Gas etc.) t ‡Kvb
KviLvbvq we‡kl †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqv cwiPvjbvi Kv‡j †Kvb a~jv, †auvqv, M¨vm hw` Ggbfv‡e m„wó
nq hv‡Z A¸‡bi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡j Zv‡Z we‡ùviK m„wó n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e mswk- ó hš¿cvwZ wN‡i
ivL‡Z n‡e| D³ †auvqv, ayjv, M¨vm ev ev®ú †ei n‡q hvevi myeë¯’v ev cwÄf~Z n‡Z bv cv‡i, †m
eë¯’v Ges Av¸b R¡‡j DVevi hveZxq Dcvq eÜ Kivi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
AviI D‡jøL¨ †h, †Kvb KviLvbvq †Kvb hš¿ ev KjKâv hw` ¯^vfvweK evqy Pv‡ci †ekx Pvc m¤^wjZ
†Kvb we‡ùviK M¨vm ev®ú aviY Ki‡j wb‡gœv³ eë¯’v MÖnY e¨wZZ Dnvi gyL †Lvjv hv‡e bv:
(K) G‡Z mshy³ cvBc k³fv‡e ¯’vwcZ bv Kiv _vK‡j M¨vm ev ev‡®úi Pvc wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ wbqš¿Y
evj¦ ev Ab¨ †Kvb gva¨‡g eënvi Kiv;
(L) cvB‡ci ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ Kivi Av‡M wfZ‡ii M¨vm ev ev‡®úi Pvc µ‡g n«vm K‡i ¯^vfvweK evqy
Pv‡ci mgch©v‡q Avbvi eë¯’v Kiv;
(M) hw` KLbI cvB‡ci gyL AvMjv n‡q hvq, Zv `„pfv‡e bv AUKv‡bv ch©š‘ G‡Z `vn¨ ev we‡ùviK ev
M¨vm ev ev‡®ú cÖ‡ek †_‡K weiZ _vKv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †Kvb KviLvbv ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbv‡K G avivi weavb †_‡K †invB w`‡Z
cv‡ib|
cvV ms‡¶c
KviLvbv AvB‡bi 22 †_‡K 42 aviv g‡Z, cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq Av¸b jvM‡j wbivc‡` †ei n‡q hvevi eë¯’v
_vK‡Z n‡e| Pjgvb As‡ki g~L¨ PvwjKv kw³ I N~Y©qgvb PvKv; Pjgvb †Kvb Ask Pvjy _vKv Ae¯’vq †h
†Kvb bvix ev wkï kªwgK‡K D³ As‡k ˆZj jvMvb, cwi®‹vi Kiv ev ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z Ges D³ hš¿ Pvjy
_vKv Ae¯’vq Pjgvb Ask I ms¯’vwcZ As‡ki gvS Lv‡b A_ev `ywU Pjgvb As‡ki gvS Lv‡b KvR Ki‡Z
†`qv hv‡e bv| †Kvb hš¿ msµvšÍ wec`vc` I D³ wec` n‡Z mZ©KZv Aej¤^b msµvšÍ cÖwk¶Y bv †`qv
ch©š‘ †Kvb ZiyY e¨w³‡K †Kvb h‡š¿ KvR Ki‡Z †`qv hv‡ebv| KvR Kivi Rb¨ kªwgK‡ì PjvPj Kivi ev
Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb gvby‡li PjvPj Kivi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j †Kvb ¯^swµq h‡š¿i cv‡ki PjvP‡ji c_ 18
BwÂi †ekx cÖk¯Í bv n‡j D³ hš¿ Pvjbv Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kvb KviLvbvi †h As‡k Zyjvaybvi KvR nq, †m
¯’v‡b †Kvb gwnjv ev wkï‡K MvuBU eÜ Kivi KvR Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv| †nv‡q÷ I wjd&U hv‡Z h‡_vchy³ kw³
m¤úbœ gvjvgvj Øviv cÖ¯‘Z K…Z nq, Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| KviLvbvq eëüZ ‡Kvb hš¿ AvenvIqvi mvaviY
Pv‡ci AwZwi³ Pvc Øviv Pvjvb n‡j Zv †hb D³ h‡š¿i wbivc` Pvc ¶gZv AwZµg bv K‡i Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki
c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| KviLvbvi †g‡S, wmuwo, I cÖ‡ek c_ h‡_ó gReyZfv‡e wbg©vY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
Zv fvjfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j aivi †iwjs Gi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvb KviLvbvq
we‡kl †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqvi d‡j `ª‡eï KYv ev UzKiv wQU‡K †Pv‡L cov ev AwZwi³ Av‡jvK”QUv ev
Zv‡ci d‡j †Pv‡Li ¶wZi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j †Pv‡Li wbivcËvi Rb¨ we‡kl ai‡bi Pkgvi eë¯’v I eënvi
wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU hw` g‡b nq †h †Kvb KviLvbvq feb ev Dnvi Ask we‡kl, cÖ‡ek
c_ ev Zvi Ask we‡kl, Ges †Kvb hš¿ ev miÄvg Ggb ÎywUc~Y© Ae¯’vq Av‡Q †h, Dnv gvby‡li Rxe‡bi
Rb¨ ¶wZKi, Z‡e wba©vwiZ Zvwi‡L †h ai‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib cwi`k©K †m iƒc
eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wjwLZ †bvwUk Rvwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

eëmvq AvBb
kªwgK‡ì Kj¨vYg~jK eë¯’v

(Provision for Walfare of Workers)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV covi ci Avcwb
KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì wewfbœ Kj¨vYg~jK welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
wewfbœ Kj¨vYg~jK weavb¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ Kj¨vYg~jK weavb¸‡jv KviLvbv AvB‡bi 43 †_‡K 49 avivq
eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
43| †aŠZKi‡Yi myweav (Washing Facilities) t cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ ch©vß cwigvY
†aŠZKiY I †Mvm‡ji myeë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Geë¯’v cyiyl I gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ c„_K n‡Z n‡e Ges
c`©vi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| G mKj ¯’v‡b hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ myeë¯’v I me©`v cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivLvi
eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
44| cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi miÄvgvw` (First Aid Appliances) t ‡Kvb KviLvbvq cÖwZ 150 Rb kªwg‡Ki
Rb¨ GKwU K‡i cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv ev· _vK‡Z n‡e| G e‡· wba©vwiZ miÄvgv`x Qvov Ab¨ wKQz iLv
hv‡e bv Ges D³ cÖv_wgK ev·wU GK Rb cÖwk¶YcÖvß e¨w³i ZË¡veav‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Abyiƒc
GK Rb cÖwk¶YcÖvß e¨w³‡K KvR PvjvKv‡j Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z n‡e| †h †¶‡Î 500 Rb ev ZZwaK
kªwgK Av‡Q, †mLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq wbw`©ó miÄvgvw`mn wba©vwiZ AvKv‡ii GKwU G¨v¤^y‡jÝ ev
cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvgvw`mn wba©vwiZ wPwKrmK I bv‡m©i ZË¡veav‡b _vK‡Z n‡e|
45| K¨vw›Ub (Canteen) t ‡Kvb KiLvbvq 250 Rb kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j †mLv‡b miKvi GKwU
K¨vw›Ub Pvjy Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges G msµvš— G wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
D³ wewagvjvq K¨vw›Ub Pvjy Kivi me©‡kl ZvwiL, K¨vw›Ub wbg©vY, ¯’vb msKzjvb, AvmevecÎ,I
Ab¨vb¨ miÄvgvwì bvg, ‡h mKj Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡e Zvi bvg I g~j¨ ZvwjKv, cwiPjbv
KwgwU MVb I KwgwU‡Z kªwgK‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ cÖf„wZi wb‡`©k _vK‡Z cv‡i|
46| wekªvg Ni t GKkZ kªwgK †Kvbv KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j †mLv‡b kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ wekªvg K¶
Ges Avnv‡ii Rb¨ †fvRb K¶ _vK‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z kªwgKiv Zuv‡ì mv‡_ wb‡q Avmv Lv`¨ †mLv‡b
e‡m †L‡Z cv‡i| G K‡¶ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb I Avmevc‡Îi myeë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e Ges cwi®‹vi-cw”Qbœ
ivLvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, 45 aviv Abymv‡i K¨vw›U‡bi eë¯’v n‡j G avivi AvswkK c~iY n‡e
Ges †m‡¶‡Î kªwgKiv Avi wekªvg K‡¶ Avnvi Ki‡e bv| miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j G aviv
Abymv‡i Avkªq, wekªvg I †fvRb K‡¶i wbg©vY, ¯’vb msKzjvb, AmevecÎ I Ab¨b¨ miÄvgvw`

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib| hviv †Lvjv RvMvq KvR K‡i, Zv‡ì wekªvg K‡¶i aib wba©viYmn
cª‡qvR‡b G aviv †_‡K †Kvb KviLvbv ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbv‡K †invB w`‡Z cv‡ib|
47| wkï‡ì Rb¨ K¶ t †h mKj KviLvbvq 50 ev Z‡ZvwaK gwnjv kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q, †m ‡¶‡Î
Zv‡ì AbwaK 6 eQ‡ii mšÍvb‡ì eënv‡ii Rb¨ h_chy³ GK ev GKvwaK wkï K¶ _vK‡Z n‡e|
G wkï K¶¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß ¯’vb, Av‡jv-evZvm I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Zfv‡e cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _vK‡Z n‡e Ges
wkï cvj‡b AwfÁ I cÖwk¶YcÖvß gwnjv‡ì ZË&¡veav‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| G msµvš— wel‡q miKvi
wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
48| kªwgK Kj¨vY Awdmvi t †h mKj KviLvbvq 500 Rb ev ZZwaK kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î
gvwjK wbw`©ó msL¨K kªg Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM Ki‡eb| miKvi G‡¶‡Î D³ Kg©KZ©vi `vwqZ¡,
†hvM¨Zv I PvKywii kZ© wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
49| G Aa¨v‡qi cwic~iK wewagvjv cÖYq‡bi ¶gZv t kªg Kj¨v‡Yi weKí eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi k‡Z© †Kvb
KviLvbv‡K ev we‡kl †kªYxi †Kvb KiLvbv‡K G cwi‡”Q‡ì wewa cvjb †_‡K †invB w`‡Z cv‡ib|
AviI kZ© _v‡K †h, †Kvb KiLvbvi ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbvq kªg Kj¨vY msµvšÍ eë¯’vcbvq
kªwgK‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _vK‡Z cv‡i|
cvV ms‡¶c
KviLvbv AvB‡bi 43 †_‡K 49 aviv g‡Z- cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ ch©vß cwigvY †aŠZKiY I
†Mvm‡ji myeë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| ‡Kvb KviLvbvq cÖwZ 150 Rb kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU K‡i cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv
ev· _vK‡Z n‡e| ‡Kvb KiLvbvq 250 Rb kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j †mLv‡b miKvi GKwU K¨vw›Ub Pvjy
Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges G msµvšÍ G wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GKkZ kªwgK †Kvbv
KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j †mLv‡b kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ wekªvg K¶ Ges Avnv‡ii Rb¨ †fvRb K¶ _vK‡Z
n‡e, hv‡Z kªwgKiv Zuv‡ì mv‡_ wb‡q Avmv Lv`¨ †mLv‡b e‡m †L‡Z cv‡i| †h mKj KviLvbvq 50 ev
Z‡ZvwaK gwnjv kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q, †m ‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì AbwaK 6 eQ‡ii mšÍvb‡ì eënv‡ii Rb¨
h_chy³ GK ev GKvwaK wkï K¶ _vK‡Z n‡e| †h mKj KviLvbvq 500 Rb ev ZZwaK kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ
Av‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î gvwjK wbw`©ó msL¨K kªg Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM Ki‡eb| kªg Kj¨v‡Yi weKí eë¯’v
MÖn‡Yi k‡Z© †Kvb KviLvbv‡K ev we‡kl †kªYxi †Kvb KiLvbv‡K G cwi‡”Q‡ì wewa cvjb †_‡K †invB
w`‡Z cv‡ib|

eëmvq AvBb
cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì Kv‡Ri NÈv

(Working Hours for Audult)
D‡Ïk¨
cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì KZ NÈv KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
gwnjv‡ì Kv‡Ri mgq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
wkï‡ì Kv‡Ri NÈv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ fvZv msµvšÍ weavb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
50| mvßvwnK Kg© NÈv (Weekly Working Hours) t ¯^vfvweKfv‡e GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³‡K mßv‡n
48 NÈvi †ekx KvR Kivb hv‡ebv| Z‡e, 58 avivi weavb Abymv‡i GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK w`‡b 9
NÈv I mßv‡n 48 NÈvi †ekx KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e kZ© n‡jv, †Kvb cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡K mßv‡n
60 NÈv Ges eQ‡i M‡o 56 NÈv Kivb hv‡e|
51| mvßvwnK QywU (Weekly Holiday) t KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ cÖvßeq¯‹ GKRb kªwgK mßv‡n ïµ
A_ev iweevi GKw`b QywU †fvM Ki‡e| D³ mßvwnK QzwUi w`b KvD‡K KvR Kivb hv‡e bv hw` bv-
(K) D³ mßvwnK QywUi (ïµ ev iweevi) c~e© ev cieZx© wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ kªwgK‡K GKwU c~Y© wèm
QywU †`qv n‡q‡Q ev n‡e e‡j wmÜvš— †bqv n‡q‡Q;
(L) cwi`k©K‡K wjwLZfv‡e QywUi w`‡bi c~‡e© g¨v‡bRvi GB g‡g© GKwU †bvwUk cvVv‡e †h, wZwb
kªwgK‡ì‡K D³ QzwUi w`b KvR Kiv‡eb Ges Zvi cwie‡Z© Ab¨ GKw`b c~Y© w`b QzwU w`‡eb Ges G
g‡g© KviLvbvq GKwU †bvwUk Uvwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB c~Y© GKw`b QywU bv w`‡q GKUvbv 10 w`‡bi †ekx †Kvb kªwgK‡K KvR Kiv‡bv
hv‡e bv|
52| ¶wZc~iY mvßvwnK QywU (Compensatory Weekly Holiday) t †Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb kªwgK‡K 51
aviv g‡Z mvßvwnK QzwU †fvM Ki‡Z ‡`qv bv n‡j GKB gv‡m A_ev cieZ©x 2 gv‡mi g‡a¨
mgcwigvY mvßvwnK QywU †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Z‡e, miKvi cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a mßvwnK ¶wZc~iY QzwUi
wel‡q c×wZ wba©viY K‡i wewagvjv cYbqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
53| ˆ`wbK Kv‡Ri NÈv (Daily Working Hour) t †Kvb cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡K ˆ`wbK 9 NÈvi †ekx
KvR Ki‡Z ejv hv‡ebv; Z‡e, KviLvbv AvB‡bi 50, 54, 55 I 58 aviv g‡Z 9 NÈvi †ekx KvR
Kivb hv‡e| Z‡e 10 NÈvi †ekx KvR Kivb hv‡e bv|
54| wekªvg I Avnv‡ii Rb¨ weiwZ (Interval for Rest) t KviLvbvq Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì GKbvMv‡o 6 NÈv
KvR Ki‡Z n‡j 1 NÈv weiwZ w`‡Z n‡e| Avi Aav NÈv weiwZ w`‡j GK bvMv‡o 5 NÈvi †ekx KvR
Kivb hv‡e bv|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
55| Kv‡Ri mg‡qi e¨vwß t cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki AbygwZ e¨wZZ GKRb cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡K 54 aviv g‡Z
wekªvgmn w`‡b mv‡o`k NÈvi †ekx KvR Kivb hv‡e bv| Z‡e, KviLvbvi †¶‡Î mv‡oGMvi NÈvi
†ekx GK w`b GK bvMv‡o KvR Kivb hv‡e bv|
56| ˆbk wkd&U (Night Shift) t ‡Kvb cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK hw` Ggbfv‡e wkd&‡U KvR K‡i ‡h, KvR †kl
Ki‡Z ga¨ ivwÎ †cwi‡q hvq, Z‡e 51 aviv g‡Z Zuvi mvßvwnK QzwU wkd&U †kl nevi ci GK bvMv‡o
24 NÈv n‡e| AviI kZ© _‡K ‡h, gaïvwÎi ci hZ¶Y KvR K‡i‡Q Zv c~e©eZ©x w`‡bi AšÍf©y³
e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
57| wkd&‡Ui cÖveiY wbwl× KiY t ‡Kvb KviLvbvq kªwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri wkd&U Ggbfv‡e wba©viY Kiv hv‡e
bv hv‡Z GKvwaK wkd&‡Ui kªwgKiv GKB mgq GKB ai‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| miKvi B”Qv
Ki‡j G avivi weavbmg~n kZ© mv‡c‡¶ †Kvb KviLvbv ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbv‡K †invB w`‡Z
cv‡ib|
58| AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ AwZwi³ fvZv (Extra Money for Overtime) t ‡Kvb KviLvbvq †Kvb
kªwgK ev kªwgKMY hw` †Kvb GKw`b 9 NÈvi †ekx A_ev †Kvb mßv‡n 48 NÈvi †ekx KvR K‡i
Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e †h gRyix cv‡e, Zvi w`¸b n‡i AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ gRyix cÖvc¨ n‡e|
Z‡e, †h¶‡Î Kv‡Ri cwigv‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i gRyix cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K, †m‡¶‡Î miKvi I
gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ Pzw³ Abymv‡i AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ gRyix cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
AviI kZ© _v‡K †h, AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cvIbv wnmve Kivi mgq ‡evbvm ev †evbv‡mi cwie‡Z©
Ab¨ wKQy AwZwi³ wn‡m‡e ‡c‡q _vK‡j Zv wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ MY¨ n‡e bv|
59| ‰ØZ Kv‡Ri Dci evav wb‡la (Restriction in Double Employment) t ‡Kvb cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK
wba©vwiZ kZ© mv‡c‡¶ cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki AbygwZ e¨wZZ Ggb †Kvb cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³‡K H w`b wb‡qvM
Kiv hv‡e bv, †h e¨w³ D³ wè‡m Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ Av‡Q| A_©vr GKB w`‡b GKB
e¨w³‡K G‡Ki AwaK KviLvbvq KvR Ki‡Z †`qv hv‡ebv|
60| cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì Kv‡Ri †gqv` I Gi cÖ¯—vweZ †bvwUk (Notice of Period of Works for
Audults and Preparation there of) t
(1) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq 109 avivi Dcaviv (2) Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³ KZ NÈv KvR
Ki‡e Zv †bvwU‡ki gva¨‡g D‡j- L K‡i Uvwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
(2) D³ †bvwU‡k DwjøwLZ mgqKv‡ji c~‡e©B Zv Uvwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges GUv Ggbfv‡e n‡Z n‡e
hv‡Z †Kvb kªwgK 50, 51, 53, 54 I 55 avivi weabv j•N‡bi Rb¨ `vqx bv nq|
(3) †h KviLvbvq wb‡qvMK…Z mKj kªwgK‡K GKB mgq KvR Ki‡Z n‡e, †m †¶‡Î g¨v‡bRvi D³
mgq wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡e| G ‡¶‡Î mKj cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡K GKB mgq KvR Ki‡Z bv nq,
†m‡¶‡Î D³ g¨v‡bRvi Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i wewfbœ `‡j ev MÖy‡c AšÍf©y³ kªwgK‡ì msL¨v
D‡jøL Ki‡eb|
(4) wkd&‡U KvR Kivi cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K MÖy‡ci Kv‡Ri mgq wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb|

eëmvq AvBb
(5) hw` †Kvb MÖy‡ci wkd&‡Ui gva¨‡g KvR Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges hw` Zv c~e© wbavwiZ wkd&U
eë¯’vi g‡a¨ bv nq, Z‡e g¨v‡bRvi cÖwZ MÖy‡ci wkd&U wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb|
(6) Avevi †Kvb †¶‡Î wkd&‡Ui gva¨‡g KvR Kivi ìKvi n‡j Ges Zv hw` c~e© wba©vwiZ
cwieZ©bkxj wkd&U eë¯’vi Aaxb n‡j g¨v‡bRvi wkd&U cwieZ©‡bi GKwU c~b©v½ PvU© ˆZwi
Ki‡eb|
(7) G AvBb Pvjyi c~‡e© cÖwZwôZ KviLvbvmg~‡ni †¶‡Î G AvBb ejer nevi 14 w`‡bi g‡a¨
†bvwU‡ki 2 Kwc KviLvbvmg~‡ni cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU cvVv‡Z n‡e Ges G AvBb Pvjy nevi ci
†h mKj KviLvbv Pvjy n‡e, †m †¶‡Î †Kvb KviLvbv KvR ïiy Kivi AšÍZ 1 w`b c~‡e© D³
†bvwU‡ki Kwc cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
(8) wkd&U eë¯’vi †Kvb cwieZ©b Kivi cª‡qvRb n‡j Zv cwieZ©b Kvh©Ki Kivi c~‡e©B
cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU cwieZ©‡bi †bvwUk †cÖiYc~e©K AbygwZ wb‡q Zv Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e| G
†bvwUk wK fv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvi Rb¨ miKvi wewagvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
61| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì ‡iwR÷ªvi I wU‡KU I KvW© mieivn t
(1) cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ GKwU †iwR÷ªvi msi¶Y Ki‡e, hv‡Z cwi`k©K †Kvb
KviLvbv cwi`k©‡bi mgq Zv †`L‡Z cv‡ib| D³ †iwR÷ªv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K kªwg‡Ki bvg, Kv‡Ri
cÖK…wZ, †Kvb MÖy‡ci AšÍ©MZ, †Kvb MÖy‡c ‡Kvb wmd&‡U KvR K‡i Zvmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Z_¨vw` _vK‡e|
(2) cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi dg© msi¶‡Yi c×wZ Ges †gqv` wba©viY K‡i miKvi wewa
‰Zwi K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvi ¯^Z¡vwaKvix ev g¨v‡bRvi cÖ‡Z¨K †kªYxi kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ KvW© cÖ`vb
Ki‡eb|
(4) KviLvbv cwi`k©‡bi mgq cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK PvwnevgvÎ Zvi wU‡KU ev KvW© cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
62| Kv‡Ri NÈv 60 avivq †bvwUk I 61 aviv Abymv‡i iw¶Z †iwR÷ªvi Abymv‡i n‡Z n‡e t 60 avivi
(1) Dcaviv Abymv‡i cÖ`Ë †bvwU‡ki Ges 61 aviv Abymv‡Zi iw¶Z ‡iwR÷ªv‡i mswkøó kªwg‡Ki
bv‡gi wecix‡Z hv wjLv Av‡Q Zvi cwicš’x †Kvb KvR †Kvb cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡K w`‡q Kiv‡bv hv‡e
bv|
63| wewa wb‡la †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ `v‡bi Rb¨ wewa gvjv cÖYq‡bi ¶gZv t miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j
we‡kl kZ© mv‡c‡¶ GB cwi‡”Q‡ì wewa weavb †_‡K cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡Z
cv‡ib|
64| gwnjv kªwgK‡ì wb‡qvM msµvšÍ weavbmg~n (Provisions Regarding Employment of
Women Workers) t †Kvb KviLvbvq gwnjv kªwgK wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î wbgœwjwLZ wewagvjv AbymiY
Ki‡Z n‡e-

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(1) Pjgvb h‡š¿ KvR t Pjgvb h‡š¿ †Zj, jvMvb, cwi®‹vi Kiv ev Giƒc Ab¨‡Kvb KvR †Kvb gwnjv
kªwgK Øviv Kiv‡bv hv‡ebv, G †¶‡Î ïaygvÎ AwfÁ cÖwk¶Y cÖvß cyiyl kªwgK Øviv D³ KvR Kiv‡Z
n‡e| -24 aviv
(2) Zzjvaybvi KvR t Zzjvaybvi h‡š¿ †h As‡k Zzjv fwZ© Kiv‡bv nq, †m As‡k Zzjv wbM©gYKvix Ask
†_‡K Qv` ch©š‘ †`qvj Øviv c„_K Kiv bv _vK‡j †m¯’v‡b †Kvb bvix kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e
bv| -29 aviv
(3) cvqLvbv, cÖmveLvbv I †aŠZKi‡Yi c„_K eë¯’v t gwnjv kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ h†_vchy³fv‡e †Niv
c„_K cvqLvbv, cÖmveLvbv I †Mvm‡ji c„_K eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| -43 aviv
(4) wkï‡ì Rb¨ c„_K K¶ t †h KviLvbvq 50 Rb ev Zvi †ekx gwnjv kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q,
Zv‡ì 6 eQ‡ii AbwaK eq¯‹ wkï‡ì Rb¨ wkï cvjbvMvi ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| -47 aviv
(5) ‰`wbK Kg© NÈv t †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB †Kvb gwnjv kªwgK Øviv w`‡b 9 NÈvi †ekx KvR Kivb
hv‡ebv|
(6) ‰bk wkd&‡U KvR Kivb wbwl× t †Kvb KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ gwnjv kªwgK‡ì mKvj 7 Uv †_‡K
ivZ 8 Uvi g‡a¨ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ ivLv hv‡e| Z‡e we‡kl †¶‡Î AbygwZ mv‡c‡¶ mKvj 5 Uv
1
†_‡K ivÎ 8 ch©š‘ KvR Kiv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| -65(1L) aviv
2
(7) wkd&U cwieZ©b t gwnjv kªwgK‡ì wkd‡U KvR Ki‡Z n‡j ïaygvÎ mvßvwnK ev Ab¨ †Kvb QzwUi
w`‡bi c‡i Kiv‡Z n‡e|
(8) fvix gvjv enb t †Kvb gwnjv kªwgK Øviv Ggb fvix gvj enb Kivb hv‡e bv, hv‡Z Zvi ‰`wnK
¶wZ mvavb n‡Z cv‡i| G wel‡q GKRb gwnjv kªwgK wK cwigvY gvj enb Ki‡e Zv miKvi
wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
65| Aí eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì wb‡qvM msµvšÍ wewa weavbmg~n (Provisions Regarding Employment of
Young Peesons) t KviLvbv AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, hv‡ì eqm 14 eQi c~Y© nqwb Zv‡ì‡K †Kvb
KviLvbvi Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv| -66 aviv
(1) Aí eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Ri †hvM¨Zv m¤^‡× cÖZ¨qK wPwKrm‡Ki wbKU n‡Z GKwU cÖZ¨vqb cÎ
(Certificate of fittness) G‡b g¨v‡bRv‡ii wbKU Rgv w`‡Z n‡e Ges KvR Kivi mgq cÖZ¨vqb
cÎ _vKvi wPý ¯îƒc cÖZxK wPý (token) enb Ki‡Z n‡e - 67 aviv
m¶gZv mvwU©wd‡KU t m¶gZv mvwU©wd‡KU †c‡j Zuv‡K Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv n‡e g‡g© †Kvb KviLvbvi
g¨v‡bRv‡ii wbKU †_‡K ¯^v¶wiZ `wjj wb‡q ZiyY e¨w³ wb‡R ev Zvi evev-gv ev AwffveK ev g¨v‡bRvi
wb‡R mvwU©wd‡K‡Ui Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡e| Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z mvR©b hw` Zv‡K 14 eQi c~Y© n‡q‡Q Ges
KviLvbvi Kv‡R Dchy³ e‡j g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e Zv‡K m¶gZv mvwU©wd‡KU `vb Ki‡eb ev bevqb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib; A_ev A‡e`bKvixi eqm 16 ermi c~Y© n‡q‡Q Ges GKwU KviLvbvq cyivcywi Kv‡Ri †hvM¨Zv
AR©b K‡i‡Q, Z‡e Zv‡K cÖvßeq¯‹ e‡j MY¨ Ki‡eb| Av‡iv kZ© n‡jv, mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vbKvix mvR©b‡K

eëmvq AvBb
Aek¨B e¨w³MZ Ávb bv _vK‡j Ges D³ ¯’vb cix¶v bv K‡i _vK‡j, G Dcavivi Aax‡b m¶gZv
mvwU©wd‡KU `vb Ki‡eb bv| 68 aviv
m¶gZv mvwU©wd‡KU ev bevqbK…Z m¶gZv mvwU©wd‡KU †h ZvwiL †_‡K †`qv n‡e, ZLb †_‡K 12 gvm
ch©š— Kvh©Ki _vK‡e| wba©vwiZ 12 gvm c~Y© nevi Av‡MB cix¶v K‡i m¶gZv mvwU©wd‡KU bevqb Ki‡Z
n‡e| mvR©b hw` m¶gevb ev bevqb Kivi †hvM¨ e‡j bv g‡b K‡ib Z‡e, Zvi KviY D‡jøLc~e©K
wjwLZfv‡e Rvbv‡eb| G aviv Abymv‡i cix¶vi wd KviLvbvi gvwjK enb Ki‡e|
1. Kvh©Kvj t †Kvb ZiyY e¨w³‡K 5 NÈvi †ekx KvR Kiv‡bv hv‡ebv Ges mÜ¨v 7 †_‡K mKvj 7 Uv
ch©š— mg‡qi g‡a¨ K‡R wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡ebv| 71(1)
2. ‰ØZ wb‡qvM t 16 erm‡ii Kg eqmx A_ev 16 ermi c~Y© n‡jI c~Y© kvixwiK ¶gZv AR©b K‡ibvB G
ai‡bi †Kvb kªwgK †Kvb w`b Ab¨ †Kvb KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j Zv‡K Ab¨ †Kvb KviLvbvq wb‡qvM
Kiv hv‡ebv|
3. Z‡e, we‡kl †¶‡Î cwi`k©‡Ki AbygwZ wb‡q ˆØZ wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e|
4. wec`¾bK Kv‡R wb‡qvM wbwl× t ch©vß cÖwk¶Y I ev¯Íe Ávb AR©b bv Kiv ch©š‘ †Kvb wK‡kvi
kªwgK‡K wec`¾bK ¯’v‡b Kv‡R wb‡qvM †`qv hv‡ebv| Z‡e, †Kvb AwfÁ cÖwk¶YcÖvß e¨w³i
ZË¡veav‡b Giƒc ¯’v‡b wb‡qvM †`qv hv‡e|
5. mvßvwnK QzwU t †hmKj kªwg‡Ki eqm 16 ermi c~Y© n‡q‡Q wKš‘ 18 eQ‡ii Kg, Giƒc wK‡kvi hw`
kvixwiK †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i, Z‡e 51 avivi weavb g‡Z cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì b¨vq mvßvwnK QzwU †fvM
Kiv‡e; Z‡e, D³ avivi e¨wZµg¸‡jv Zv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|
wkï‡ì wb‡qvM msµvš— wewagvjv (Provisions Regarding Employment of Children) t 1965

mv‡ji KviLvbv AvB‡bi 2(M) aviv Abyhvqx 16 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx‡ì‡K wkï ejv nq| wkï wb‡qvM msµvšÍ
weavb wbæiƒc t
kvixwiK †hvM¨Zv I cÖwZK wPý t
(1) KviLvbv AvB‡bi 66 aviv Abyhvqx 14 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx KvD‡K KviLvbvi †Kvb Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv
hv‡e bv| ïaygvÎ mvwU©wd‡KU `vbKvix mvR©‡bi wbKU †_‡K kvixwiK m¶gZvi mb`cÎ cvevi ciB
G mKj wkï‡K KviLvbvi Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e| †m‡¶‡Î, D³ kªwgK ev kªwgK‡ì‡K GKwU
cÖZxK wPý enb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi D³ mvwU©wd‡KU msi¶Y Ki‡e|
(2) wbwl× Kvh© t
Pjgvb hš¿ t †Kvb h‡š¿i †Kvb Ask Pjgvb _vKv Ae¯’vq D³ ¯’v‡b †Kvb wkï kªwgK‡K ˆZj jvMvb,
cwi®‹vi ev web¨¯Í Kivi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| 24 (2) aviv |
Zzjvaybvi hš¿ t †Kvb KviLvbi Zzjvaybvi h‡š¿i †h As‡k Zzjvaybv nq Ges †h Ask Øviv Zzjv †ei
nq Zvi gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b †`qvj ch©šÍ DuPz Qv` bv _vK‡j †Kvb wkï‡K ‡m¯’v‡b Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv
hv‡ebv| 29 aviv
wec`¾bK Kv‡R t KviLvbvi wec`¾bK †Kvb Kv‡R wkï‡K wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡ebv|
(3) Kg©Kvj t wkï kªwgK‡ì Kg©Kvj m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q :

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(K) †Kvb wkï‡K w`‡q ‰`wbK 5 NÈvi †ekx KvR Kivb hv‡ebv Ges Zv‡ì‡K mÜv 7 Uv †_‡K
mKvj 7 Uv, G mgq Kv‡ji g‡a¨ KvR Kivb hv‡e bv| 7(11) aviv|
(L) wkd&U eë¯’v _vK‡j †Kvb wkï‡K gvÎ 1 wU wkd‡U KvR Kiv‡bv hv‡e Ges cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki
AbygwZ Qvov 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ GKvwaK evi wkd&U cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv| 70(3) aviv|
mKj wkï‡ì‡K 2 wU wkd‡Ui g‡a¨ mxgve× ivL‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZwU wkd&‡Ui mgqmxgv mv‡o
mvZ NÈvi †ekx n‡e bv| 70(2) aviv|
(M) 51 avivi weavb g‡Z cÖwZwU wkï kªwgK mvßvwnK GKwU c~Y© wèm QzwU †fvM Ki‡e; Z‡e, D³
avivi e¨vwZµg Zv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| 70(4) aviv|
(N) †hmKj KviLvbvq wkï kªwgK Av‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î Z‡ì Kv‡Ri mgq ‡bvwU‡k cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e
Ges †mLv‡b wkï‡ì Kv‡Ri mwVK mgq D‡jøL _vK‡e| 71(1) aviv|
(4) †iwR÷ªvi t †h mKj KviLvbvq wkï kªwgK Av‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î wkï kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ GKwU Avjv`v
†iwR÷ªvi msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwi`k©K KviLvbv cwi`k©‡bi mgq Zv‡K †`Lv‡Z n‡e| D³
†iwR÷ªv‡i wbgœ wjwLZ welqMy‡jvi D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e:
(K) KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ cÖ‡Z¨K wkï kªwg‡Ki Rb¥ ZvwiLmn bvg;
(L) cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ;
(M) MÖyc _vK‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki MÖyc D‡jøL _vK‡e;
(N) †Kvb& MÖyc †Kvb& wkd&‡U Zvi D‡jøL _vK‡e;
(O) wkï kªwgK‡ì m¶gZv mwU©wd‡KU, Zvi b¤î; I bevq‡bi ZvwiL; Ges
(P) Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨vw` hv wewagvjvq D‡jøL K‡i †`qv n‡e| GmKj wel‡q miKvi wewagvjv ˆZwi
K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
Wv³vix cix¶vi wb‡`©k `v‡bi ¶gZv t ‡Kvb KviLvbv cwi`k©K hw` g‡b K‡ib †h, m¶gZv mwU©wd‡KU
e¨wZZ †Kvb wkï ev behyeK KvR Ki‡Q A_ev m¶gZv mwU©wd‡Ui AwaKvix wkï ev behye‡Ki D³
mwU©wd‡K‡U ewY©Z m¶gZv D³ kªwg‡Ki eZ©gv‡b †bB; †m‡¶‡Î H kªwgK‡K Wv³vix cix¶vi Rb¨ wb‡`©k
`vb Kivi ¶gZv GKRb cwi`k©K msi¶Y K‡ib| 74 aviv|

eëmvq AvBb
cvV ms‡¶c
KviLvbv AvB‡bi 43 †_‡K 49 aviv g‡Z- ¯^vfvweKfv‡e GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³‡K mßv‡n 48 NÈvi †ekx
KvR Kivb hv‡ebv| KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ cÖvßeq¯‹ GKRb kªwgK mßv‡n ïµ A_ev iweevi GKw`b QywU
†fvM Ki‡e| †Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb kªwgK‡K 51 aviv g‡Z mvßvwnK QzwU †fvM Ki‡Z ‡`qv bv n‡j GKB gv‡m
A_ev cieZ©x 2 gv‡mi g‡a¨ mgcwigvY mvßvwnK QywU †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †Kvb cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡K
ˆ`wbK 9 NÈvi †ekx KvR Ki‡Z ejv hv‡ebv| KviLvbvq Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì GKbvMv‡o 6 NÈv KvR Ki‡Z
n‡j 1 NÈv weiwZ w`‡Z n‡e| cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki AbygwZ e¨wZZ GKRb cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡K 54 aviv g‡Z
wekªvgmn w`‡b mv‡o`k NÈvi †ekx KvR Kivb hv‡e bv| ‡Kvb cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK hw` Ggbfv‡e wkd&‡U KvR
K‡i ‡h, KvR †kl Ki‡Z ga¨ ivwÎ †cwi‡q hvq| ‡Kvb KviLvbvq kªwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri wkd&U Ggbfv‡e
wba©viY Kiv hv‡e bv hv‡Z GKvwaK wkd&‡Ui kªwgKiv GKB mgq GKB ai‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| ‡Kvb
cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK wba©vwiZ kZ© mv‡c‡¶ cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki AbygwZ e¨wZZ Ggb †Kvb cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³‡K H
w`b wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ GKwU †iwR÷ªvi msi¶Y Ki‡e, hv‡Z cwi`k©K
†Kvb KviLvbv cwi`k©‡bi mgq Zv †`L‡Z cv‡ib| miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j we‡kl kZ© mv‡c‡¶ GB
cwi‡”Q‡ì wewa weavb †_‡K cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡Z cv‡ib| Pjgvb h‡š¿ †Zj, jvMvb,
cwi®‹vi Kiv ev Giƒc Ab¨‡Kvb KvR †Kvb gwnjv kªwgK Øviv Kiv‡bv hv‡ebv, G †¶‡Î ïaygvÎ AwfÁ cÖwk¶Y
cÖvß cyi“l kªwgK Øviv D³ KvR Kiv‡Z n‡e| hv‡ì eqm 14 eQi c~Y© nqwb Zv‡ì‡K †Kvb KviLvbvi
Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
gRywimn QywU I eÜ (Leave and Holidays with Wages)
D‡Ïk¨
KviLvbv AvBb Abymv‡i mvßvwnK QzwUi weavb¸‡jv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
‡eZbmn Ab¨vb¨ QzwUi weavb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvB‡bi 51 I 52 avivq ewY©Z mßvwnK QzwU QvovI GB AvB‡bi 78 †_‡K 81
avivq †eZbmn QzwU I Ab¨vb¨ e‡Üi welq¸‡jv ewY©Z Av‡Q|
(1) gRyixmn evwl©K QzwU (Annual leave with wages) t †Kvb kªwgK weivgnxbfv‡e GKermi †Kvb
KviLvbvq KvR Ki‡j GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK 78 avivi weavb Abyhvqx cieZ©x GK eQ‡i cÖwZ 22
w`‡b 1 w`b Ges wkï kªwgKiv cÖwZ 15 w`‡b 1 w`b gRyixmn QzwU †fvM Kivi AwaKvi jvf Ki‡e|
G‡¶‡Î weiwZnxb ej‡Z wbiew”Qbœfv‡e KvR Kiv‡K eySv‡e| GK Rb kªwgK wb‡æv³ QzwU †fvMKiv
m‡Ë¡I G D‡Ï‡k¨ weiwZnxbfv‡e KvR Kiv eySv‡e:
(K) †Kvb mvaviY QzwU;
(L) gRyixmn †Kvb QzwU;
(M) Amy¯’ZvRwbZ Kvi‡Y gRyixmn ev gRyix e¨wZZ QzwU;
(N) AbwaK Pvi gvm ch©š‘ gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QywU;
(O) †j A-Ad _vKvKvjxb mg‡q gv÷vi‡iv‡j bvg _vK‡j †m mgq Kvj;
(P) êa ag©NU ev Zvjve×Kvjxb mgq|
Z‡e, G avivi weavb Abymv‡i G QzwU †c‡Z n‡j Zv‡K Aš—Z 12 gvm Ae¨vnZfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z
n‡e| Z‡e, †KD webv AbygwZ‡Z Kv‡R Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j, Kv‡Ri avivevwnKZv e¨vnZ n‡e| AviI
D‡jøL¨ †h, evrmwiK QywU †fvM bv Ki‡j cieZ©x‡Z Rgv _vK‡e|
(2) Drme QzwU (Festival holiday) t KviLvbv AvB‡bi 79 avivi weavb g‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK cÖwZ eQi
AšÍZ 10 w`b gRyixmn Drme QzwU †fvM Ki‡e| Z‡e, cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Drm‡ei w`b †Kvb kªwgK‡K w`‡q
KvR Kivb hv‡e| †m‡¶‡Î cÖwZ 1 w`‡bi Rb¨ 2 w`‡bi ¶wZc~iY gRyixmn QzwU w`‡Z n‡e Ges 1 w`b
weKí QywU w`‡Z n‡e|
(3) ˆbgwËK I Amy¯’Zvi QywU (Causal Leave and Sick Leave) t KviLvbv AvB‡bi 80 avivq
ˆbgwË I Amy¯’Zvi wbwg‡Ë wbgœiƒc QywUi weavb ewY©Z i‡q‡Q:
(K) cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK eQ‡i 20 w`b ˆbgwËK QzwU cv‡e|
(L) cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK eQ‡i Mo gRyix‡Z 14 w`‡bi Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y QzwU †fvM Ki‡Z ci‡e|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, ˆbgwËK QywU I Amy¯’ZvRwbZ QzwU †fvM bv Ki‡j cieZ©x eQ‡i Zv Avi †fvM
Kiv hv‡e bv|
eëmvq AvBb
(4) QzwUKvjxb gRyix t KviLvbv AvBb Abymv‡i GKRb kªwgK QywUKvjxb mg‡q wbgœwjwLZ nv‡i gRyix
cvevi AwaKvix | 81 aviv
(K) c~Y© gRyixi †¶‡Î GKRb kªwgK †m cÖwZw`b KvR Kivi Rb¨ ‡h gRyix I gnvN© fvZv cvq,
Zvi mgvb n‡e| wKš‘, D³ kªwg‡Ki H mgq Kv‡ji AwZwi³ gRyix ev †evbvm †c‡q _vK‡j
Zv G gRyix MYbvi mgq Avg‡j Avbv hv‡e bv |
(L) Mo Aa© gRyixmn QzwUi †¶‡Î G Aby‡”Q` †gvZv‡eK gRyix MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr gRyix I
gnvN© fvZv Zvi Aa© Mo wn‡m‡e gRyix cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
(5) AMÖxg †eZb t G AvB‡bi 8 aviv Abymv‡i †Kvb cªvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì b~¨bZg 4 w`‡bi QzwU Ges
wkï‡ì †¶‡Î b~¨bZg 5 w`b QzwU gÄyi Kiv n‡j 78 aviv Abymv‡i D³ QzwU ïiy nevi c~‡e©B GKRb
kªwgK‡K hZ w`b QzwU gÄyi Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZZw`‡bi gRyix AwMªg cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
(6) QzwUi cvIqv A_© Av`vq t KviLvbv AvB‡bi 83 aviv‡Z ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, G cwi‡”Q` Abyhvqx
KviLvbvi gvwjK ev g¨v‡bRvi kªwg‡Ki gRyix eve` AwMÖg gRyix cwi‡kva bv Ki‡j D³ kªwg‡Ki
c‡¶ GKRb cwi`k©K D³ A_© Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(7) Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb t miKv‡ii wbKU hw` Giƒc cÖwZqgvb nq ‡h †Kvb KviLvbvq kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ cÖ`Ë
QzwUi my‡hvM-myweav G Aby‡”Q‡` cÖ`Ë my‡hvM-myweav †_‡K Kg, Z‡e miKvi wjwLZ Av‡`‡ki gva¨‡g
†mB KviLvbv‡K AvswkK ev cyivcywi Ae¨vnwZ w`‡Z cv‡i|
cvV ms‡¶c
†Kvb kªwgK weivgnxbfv‡e GKermi †Kvb KviLvbvq KvR Ki‡j GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK 78 avivi weavb
Abyhvqx cieZ©x GK eQ‡i cÖwZ 22 w`‡b 1 w`b Ges wkï kªwgKiv cÖwZ 15 w`‡b 1 w`b gRyixmn QzwU †fvM
Kivi AwaKvi jvf Ki‡e| KviLvbv AvB‡bi 79 avivi weavb g‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK cÖwZ eQi AšÍZ 10 w`b
gRyixmn Drme QzwU †fvM Ki‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK eQ‡i 20 w`b ˆbgwËK QzwU cv‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK eQ‡i
Mo gRyix‡Z 14 w`‡bi Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y QzwU †fvM Ki‡Z ci‡e| c~Y© gRyixi †¶‡Î GKRb kªwgK †m
cÖwZw`b KvR Kivi Rb¨ ‡h gRyix I gnvN© fvZv cvq, Zvi mgvb n‡e| G AvB‡bi 8 aviv Abymv‡i †Kvb
cªvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì b~¨bZg 4 w`‡bi QzwU Ges wkï‡ì †¶‡Î b~¨bZg 5 w`b QzwU gÄyi Kiv n‡j 78 aviv
Abymv‡i D³ QzwU ïiy nevi c~‡e©B GKRb kªwgK‡K hZ w`b QzwU gÄyi Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZZw`‡bi gRyix AwMªg
cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
we‡kl weavbmg~n (Special Provisions)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb Ñ
KviLvbv AvBb Abyhvqx †h we‡kl weavbmg~n i‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
wec`¾bK kªwgK wb‡qvM msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
†ckvMZ e¨wa m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
(1) miKvwi cÖwZôvb‡K Ae¨nwZ `v‡bi ¶gZv t Drcv`b cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nq, Ggb †Kvb Kg©¯’j ev
KviLvbv hw` miKvwi †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ hy³ nq, †m‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© mv‡c‡¶ miKvi G
AvB‡bi we‡kl †Kvb aviv ev mgy`q aviv †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡Z cv‡ib| -86 aviv|
(2) wec`RbK KvR t miKv‡ii Kv‡Q hw` g‡b nq †h, †Kvb KviLvbvq †h KvR nq Zv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ
†jvK‡ì A¶gZv cÖvß, welwµqv ev †Kvb we‡kl †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nevi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î D³
KviLvbv ev we‡kl †kªYxi KviLvbvi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc wewagvjv ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib:
(K) wbw`©ó KvR¸‡jv‡K wec`RbK KvR e‡j †NvlYv w`‡Z cv‡ib;
(L) D³ Kv‡R gwnjv, wkï ev wK‡kvi‡ì wb‡qvM wbwl× Kvi‡Z cv‡ib;
(M) D³ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Rb¨ wbqwgZ Wv³vix cix¶v Kivi eë¯’v Kiv Ges H
mKj KvR hv‡ì m¶gZv mwU©wd‡KU †bB Zv‡ì wb‡qvM eÜ K‡i;
(N) D³ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ ev Dnvi Avkcv‡k Ae¯’vbiZ mKj e¨w³i wbivcËvi myeë¯’v Kiv Ges
HmKj Kv‡R we‡kl miÄvg ev cÖwµqv eënv‡ii Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i| -78 aviv|
(3) KwZcq `yN©Ubvi †bvwUk t †Kvb KviLvbq †Kvb `yN©Ubvi d‡j †KD gviv †M‡j ev kix‡j RLg n‡q
cieZ©x 58 NÈv †Kvb e¨w³ Kv‡R A¶g n‡j, D³ KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi‡K wbw`©ó d‡g© I wbw`©ó
ZvwiL D‡jøLc~e©K D³ `yN©Ubv †bvwUk AvKv‡i KviLvbv cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU ‡cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e| 8
(K) aviv|
(4) wec`¾bK NUbvi †bvwUk t miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKvk K‡i AwMœKvÛ,
we‡ùvib, `vjvb a‡m cov, hš¿cvwZ KviLvbvq †Kvb KjKâvq msNwUZ `yN©Ubvi d‡j Kv‡iv
cÖvYnvbx ev ˆ`wnK †Kvb ¶q¶wZ bv n‡jI H mKj `yN©Ubvi †¶‡Î 88 avivi weavb cÖ‡qvR¨ K‡i
w`‡Z cv‡ib| 89 aviv|
(5) KwZcq e¨wa m¤ú‡K© †bvwUk: 90 aviv|
(1) ‡Kvb KviLvbvq †Kvb kªwgK 91 avivq DwjøwLZ †Kvb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j D³ KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi
wbw`©ó Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ wba©vwiZ c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i KviLvbv cwi`k©K‡K AewnZ Ki‡eb|
(2) wPwKrmK hw` cix¶v K‡i ‡Kvb kªwgK †h †Kvb KviLvbvq KvR Ki‡Q Zvi kix‡j 91 avivq
DwjøwLZ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q, Z‡e †m‡¶‡ÎI wb‡gœewY©Z Z_¨mn wjwLZfv‡e KviLvbv cwi`k©K‡K
AewnZ Ki‡Z n‡e:
(K) †ivMxi bvgmn c~Y© †hvMv‡hvMi wVKvbv;

eëmvq AvBb
(L) wPwKrm‡Ki g‡Z D³ e¨w³ †h †iv‡M AvµvšÍ;

(M) D³ iyMx †h KviLvbvq KvR Ki‡Q, Zvi bvg, wVKvbv;
(3) miKvi g‡b Ki‡j DwjøwLZ ZvwjKv †_‡K †Kvb †ivM ev` w`‡Z ev bZyb †Kvb †ivM‡K ms‡hvRb
Ki‡Z cv‡eb|
(6) Zdwmjfy³ e¨vwamg~‡ni ZvwjKv: 91 aviv|
(1) mxmvi welwµqv; 2| wjW-‡UivKw_j-Gi welwµqv; 3| dmdiv‡mi-welwµqv 4| cvi‡ì
welwµqv; 5| A‡åi-welwµqv; 6| Avi‡mwb‡Ki welwµqv; 7| bvBUªvm wdD‡gi welwµqv 8| Kve©b
WvB mvjdvB‡Wi welwµqv; 9| ‡µvg Avjmv‡ikb; 11| Avb_ªv·; 12| wmwjKwmm; 13| n¨v‡jv‡RÝ-
Gi welwµqv; 14| ‡iwWqvg ev Ab¨ †Kvb †ZwRw®‹qv Dcv`v‡bi; Ges L) G·‡ii Rb¨ bvbvwea DcmM©
†`Lv †`q; 15| MvÎ Pv‡g© cÖv_wgK GwcwLjv‡gUvm K¨vÝvi; 16| g`¨RwbZ i³ k~b¨Zv |
6| `yN©Ubv ev e¨wa msµvšÍ NUbvi Z`‡šÍi wb‡`©k `v‡bi ¶gZv t
DcwiD³ welq m¤ú‡K© 91 avivq wbgœiƒc weavb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q
(1) miKvi g‡b Ki‡j †Kvb KviLvbvq msNwUZ `yN©Ubvq KviY ev Zdwm‡j ewY©Z e¨wai cÖgvY m¤ú‡K©
Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ †Kvb †hvM¨ †jvK‡K wb‡qvM K‡i weÁwß w`‡q Rvwb‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib Ges D³ Z`šÍ
Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ AvBbÁ ev we‡kl Ávbm¤úbœ GK ev GKvwaK G¨v‡mmi wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(2) Gaviv Abyhvqx Z`šÍKvix Kg©KZ©v mv¶x‡ì mv¶¨ `v‡bi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z Ges cª‡qvRbxq
`wjjcÎ I wRwbmcÎ nvwRi Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Zi mKj ¶gZv Ges
cÖ‡qvR‡b GK Rb cwi`k©‡Ki ¶gZvI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges wZwb †Kvb Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z
ej‡j 1860 mv‡ji `Û wewai 176 aviv g‡Z D³ Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) Z`šÍKvix Kg©KZ©v `yN©Ubvi KviY ev †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc m¤ú‡K© I Avbymvw½K welq m¤ú‡K© wi‡cvU© †ck
Ki‡eb| wZwb ev A¨v‡mmiMY mycvwik cÖ`vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j ZvI wi‡cv‡U©i mv‡_ mshy³ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
(4) miKvi g‡b Ki‡j cÖ`Ë c~Y© wi‡cvU© ev Ask we‡kl cªKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(5) miKvi g‡b Ki‡j Z`‡šÍi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
7| bgybv msMÖ‡ni ¶gZv (92 aviv) t

(1) GKRb KviLvbv cwi`k©K †Kvb KviLvbv PjvKv‡j h_vh_ KZ©„c¶‡K AewnZ K‡i †Kvb KviLvbvq
eëüZ ev eënv‡ii Rb¨ iw¶Z †h †Kvb `ª‡eï h‡_ó cwigvY bgybv wn‡m‡e msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Z‡e, †m‡¶‡Î ewY©Z c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges hw` cwi`k‡Ki g‡Z D³ `ªe¨ eënvi Øviv-
(K) G AvB‡bi †Kvb weavb ev wewa jw½Z nq;
(L) KviLvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì kvixwiK ¶wZi m¤¢vebv _v‡K;
(2) bgybv msMÖ‡ni mgq †h e¨w³‡K AewnZ Kiv n‡qwQj wZwb Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j msM„nxZ `ªe¨ wZb fv‡M
fvM K‡i kxj Mvjv K‡i ivLv n‡e|
(3) GK fvM AewnZKiY e¨w³‡K, GK fvM cix¶vi Rb¨, Ges Z…Zxq fvM cÖ‡qvR‡b Av`vj‡Z
nvwR‡ii Rb¨ eëüZ n‡e|
(4) D³ msM„nxZ `ªe¨ miKvwi we‡kølK KZ…©K cix¶v K‡i cÖ`Ë wi‡cvU© mv¶¨ wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cvV ms‡¶c
Drcv`b cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nq, Ggb †Kvb Kg©¯’j ev KviLvbv hw` miKvwi †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ hy³ nq,
†m‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© mv‡c‡¶ miKvi G AvB‡bi we‡kl †Kvb aviv ev mgy`q aviv †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ w`‡Z
cv‡ib| †Kvb KviLvbq †Kvb `yN©Ubvi d‡j †KD gviv †M‡j ev kix‡j RLg n‡q cieZ©x 58 NÈv †Kvb
e¨w³ Kv‡R A¶g n‡j, D³ KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi‡K wbw`©ó d‡g© I wbw`©ó ZvwiL D‡jøLc~e©K D³ `yN©Ubv
†bvwUk AvKv‡i KviLvbv cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU ‡cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e| GKRb KviLvbv cwi`k©K †Kvb KviLvbv
PjvKv‡j h_vh_ KZ©„c¶‡K AewnZ K‡i †Kvb KviLvbvq eëüZ ev eënv‡ii Rb¨ iw¶Z †h †Kvb `ª‡eï
h‡_ó cwigvY bgybv wn‡m‡e msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

eëmvq AvBb
`Û I Kvh©wewa, Avcxj I Kj¨vY Awdmvi

(Panalties and Procedure, Appeals and Welfare Officer)
D‡Ï‡k¨
KviLvbv AvB‡bi weavb j•Nb Ki‡j wK wK `Û cÖvß n‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
wewfbœ †¶‡Î gvwj‡Ki `vq `wqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
Avcxj msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
Kj¨vY Awdmvi I Zvi `wqZ¡ KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
Aciv‡ai Rb¨ mvaviY `Û t

(1) KiLvbv AvB‡bi 93 aviv Abymv‡i G AvB‡b †Kvb iƒc `‡Ûi eë¯’v Kiv bv n‡q _vK‡j Ges 94
avivi weavb mv‡c‡¶ †Kvb KviLvbvi wewa-weavb ev weav‡bi †Kvb Kg© wewa ev Zvi Aaxb †Kvb
Av‡`k Agvb¨ Ki‡j D³ KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi I gvwjK‡K c„_Kfv‡e 1000 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv
Ges D³ Aciva Pj‡Z _vK‡j cÖwZw`b 500 UvKv K‡i Rwigvbv `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e|
(2) KwZcq Ae¯’vq KviLvbvi cÖv½‡bi gvwj‡Ki `vq`vwqZ¡: KviLvbv AvB‡b 94 aviv‡Z KviLvbv cÖv½‡b
gvwj‡Ki wbgœiƒc `vq`vwqZ¡ eZ©vq:
(1) †h †¶‡Î †Kvb GKwU cÖv½‡b Avjv`v Avjv`v KviLvbv wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii Rb¨ c„_K c„_K feb wfbœ
wfbœ gvwj‡Ki wbKU fvov ev BRviv †`qv nq, †m‡¶‡Î D³ cÖv½‡bi gvwjK cÖ‡ek c_, cvwb
mievin, cq:wb®‹vkb cÖYvjx, Av‡jv, evZvm I ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvmn mvaviY my‡hvM
myweav wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ gvwjK `vqx _vK‡eb|
(2) AÎ AvB‡bi Dcaviv (1) G ewY©Z weavbmg~n cvj‡bi Rb¨ miKvwi wbqš¿Y mv‡c‡¶ cÖavb cwi`k©K
gvwj‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡`k `v‡bi ¶gZv iv‡Lb|
(3) hLb GKB cÖv½‡b Aew¯’Z ¯^Zš¿ Zjv ev d¬¨vU wfbœ wfbœ KviLvbv wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii Rb¨ c„_K c„_K
`Lj`v‡ii wbKU fvov †`qv nq, †m †¶‡Î wbgœwjwLZ welvqvejxi Rb¨ G AvB‡bi weavbmg~n f½
n‡j cÖv½‡bi gvwjK mswkøó mKj KviLvbvi `Lj`vi ev g¨v‡bRvi wn‡m‡e `vqx _vK‡eb:
(K) cvqLvbv, cÖmveLvbv, I †aŠZ Kivi myweav Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb mievi‡ni myweav;
(L) †h mKj KjKâv I hš¿cvwZ cÖv½‡bi gvwjK ev KviLvbvi gvwjK e‡j mywbw`©ó b‡n Zv wN‡i
ivLvi eë¯’v;
(M) wewfbœ Zjvq ev d¬v‡U hvIqv Avmvi wbivc` eë¯’vmn wewfbœ c_, wmwoi eë¯’v Kiv I
cwi®‹vi ivLv;
(N) AwMœwbe©vcK eë¯’v ivLv;
(O) †h mKj my‡hvM myweavi eë¯’v Av‡Q Zv i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv;
(P) †nv‡q÷ I wjd&U i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv;
(4) Dcaviv 3 Abymv‡i weavbmg~n wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y mv‡c‡¶ cÖavb cwi`k©K Av‡`k
Rvwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) c~e©eZ©x Rwigvbvi ci cwiewa©Z Rwigvbv t KviLvbv AvB‡bi 95 avivq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, GB
AvB‡bi 93 aviv Abyhvqx †Kvb Aciv‡ai Rb¨ mvRvcÖvß nevi ci hw` cybivq G ai‡bi Aciva

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
K‡i, Z‡e cieZ©x Aciv‡ai Rb¨ 6 gv‡mi Kviv `Û ev GK nvRvi UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq `ÛB
n‡Z cv‡i|
Z‡e, cieZ©x Aciv‡ai 2 eQ‡ii AwaK Kvj c~‡e© †Kvb mvRv †c‡q _vK‡j Zv wnmv‡e aiv n‡e bv|
(4) cwi`k©‡Ki Kv‡R evav m„wói Rb¨ `Û (96 aviv) t cwi`k©K‡K, Zvi ¶gZv cÖ‡qv‡M evav`vb Ki‡j
A_ev KvD‡K Zje Ki‡j, hw` mv¶vZ bv K‡i ev †Kvb †iwR÷ªvi bv †`Lvq ev †`L‡Z e¨v_© nq ev
Ab¨ †Kvb Z_¨ cÖ`v‡b e¨_© nq ev †Kvb Z_¨ †Mvcb Ki‡j ev †Kvb kªwgK‡K †Kvb cwi`k©‡Ki
mvg‡b nvwRi n‡Z evav `vb Ki‡j, mswkøó e¨w³ 3 gvm ch©š‘ Kviv `Û ev cuvPkZ UvKv ch©š‘
Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e|
(5) Z_¨ duvm Kivi Rb¨ `Û (97 aviv) t AÎ AvB‡bi 97 aviv Abyhvqx †Kvb cwi`k©K `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi
mgq Qvov PvKzwi‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq PvKzix n‡Z Aemi †bqvi ciI †Kvb †Mvcb Z_¨ duvm Kwi‡e bv|
Gai‡bi †Kvb Z_¨ duvm Ki‡j Zuv‡K 6 gvm ch©šÍ †Rj A_ev 1000 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev Dfq
`‡Û `wÛZ n‡e|
(6) Z_¨ duvm Kivi Dci wewa wb‡la t AÎ AvB‡bi 98 aviv Abyhvqx †Kvb KviLvbv cwi`k©K G
AvB‡bi Aaxb KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb e¨wZZ PvKzix‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq A_ev PvKzwi †_‡K Ae¨nwZ
†bevi ciI KjKviLvbvi †Mvcb Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, ïay gvÎ KviLvbvi KZ©„c¶ †_‡K
AbygwZ wb‡q A_ev †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa m¤úv`‡bi j‡¶¨ eëüZ n‡j Z_¨ duv‡mi `v‡q Awfhy³ n‡e
bv| Ab¨_vq Z_¨ duv‡mi `v‡q mswkøó e¨w³ Qq gv‡mi †Rj ev 1000 UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û
`wÛZ n‡Z cv‡i|
(7) kªwgK‡ì Aciva t KviLvbv AvB‡bi 99 aviv Abyhvqx kªwgK‡ì Aciva I `Û m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc
weavb K‡i‡Q-
(1) 111 avivi weavb mv‡c‡¶ AÎ AvB‡bi †Kvb weavb ev Zvi Aaxb cÖYxZ †Kvb Kvh© wewa ev
Av‡`k f½ K‡i, Z‡e 50 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡e|
(2) G avivi Dcaviv (1) Gi Aax‡b †Kvb Aciv‡ai Rb¨ †Kvb kªwgK `Û cÖvß n‡j mswkøó
KviLvbvi `LjKvix ev g¨v‡bRvi H Aciva †_‡K kªwgK‡K †div‡bvi Rb¨ hyw³m½Z eë¯’v
MÖn‡Y e¨_© n‡q‡Qb, Zv cÖgvwYZ bv nIqv ch©š‘ KviLbv `LjKvix ev g¨v‡bRvi D³ Aciv‡ai
Rb¨ `vqx n‡eb bv|
(8) wg_¨v m¶gZv mvwU©wd‡KU eënv‡ii `Û (100 aviv) t AÎ AvB‡bi 68 aviv Abymv‡i gÄyixK…Z
m¶gZvi mb`cÎ Ab¨ KvD‡K eënvi Ki‡Z w`‡j A_ev eënvi Ki‡Z †èvi †Póv Ki‡j ‡m 1
gv‡mi Kviv `Û ev 50 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e|
(9) wkï kªwgK‡K ‰ØZ Kv‡R wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ `Û (101 aviv) t KviLvbv AvB‡bi70 (5) avivq ewY©Z
Av‡`‡k †Kvb wkï kªwgK‡K ‰ØZ wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡ebv | Gai‡bi ‰ØZ wb‡qvM Kiv n‡j D³ wkï
kªwg‡Ki evev gv A_ev wbqš¿YKvix e¨w³ ev mswkøó kªwgK A_ev Zvi gRyix †_‡K cÖZ¨¶fv‡e
DcKvi cÖvß e¨w³ †_‡K AbwaK 50 UvKv `Û Av`vq Kiv hv‡e|
Z‡e, KviLvbvi gvwjK ev g¨v‡bRvi ev AwffveK hw` cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡ì G wel‡q †Kvb
cÖ‡ivPbv evmvq wQj bv, Z‡e G `Û Zuv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR¨ n‡e bv|
Askx`vix cÖwZôvb, †Kv¤úvwb cÖf„wZi Aciva (102 aviv) t KviLvbv AvB‡bi 102 avivq Askx`vix
cÖwZôvb I †Kv¤úvwb cÖf„wZi Aciva m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc weav‡bi eY©bv †`qv Av‡Q:
(1) †Kvb KviLvbvi gvwjK `Ûbxq nevi A_© n‡jv wb‡æv³ e¨w³e‡M©i `‡Ûi AvIZvq Avmv-

eëmvq AvBb
(K) Askx`vix ev †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôv‡bi †ejvq Dnvi cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ ev Askx`vi;
A_ev
(L) cvewjK wj: †Kv¤úvwbi †ejvq Dnvi cÖ‡Z¨K cwiPvjK; A_ev
(M) cÖvB‡fU wj: †Kv¤úvwb n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K †kqvi‡nvìvi,
KwZcq `vq-`vwqZ¡ n‡Z gvwjK ev g¨v‡bRv‡ii Ae¨nwZ t AÎ AvB‡bi 103 avivq gvwjK ev g¨v‡bRvi
Ae¨nwZ cvevi wel‡q wbgœiƒc kZ© †`qv Av‡Q:
‡Kvb KviLvbvi gvwjK ev g¨v‡bRvi hw` Av`vj‡Z cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i †h, msNwUZ NUbvi Rb¨ Ab¨ †KD
`vqx Ges G †¶‡Î Zuviv wbR wbR `vwqZ¡ mwVK I h_v_©fv‡e cvjb K‡i‡Qb Ges D³ NUbv Zv‡ì ARv‡šÍ
Ges Zv‡ì m¤§wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K N‡U‡Q Ges D³ AcivawU Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ wbR `vwq‡Z¡ K‡i‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î
gvwjK ev g¨‡bRvi‡K D³ Aciv‡ai `vq-`vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ cv‡eb|
Av`vjZ KZ…©K Av‡`k `v‡bi ¶gZv t 904 aviv - G AvBb Abyhvqx †Kvb gvwjK †Kvb Aciv‡ai Rb¨
`Ûbxq n‡j, D³ `Û e¨wZZ ¶wZc~iY `v‡bi Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq †e‡a w`‡Z cv‡ib| gvwjK ev g¨v‡bRvi hw`
Av`vj‡Zi Av‡`k wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ cyivcywi c~iY bv K‡i, Z‡e D³ Zvwi‡Li ci †_‡K D³ Aciva
Ae¨nZ Av‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv n‡e| ‡m‡¶‡Î Qq gvm ch©šÍ Kviv `Û ev cÖwZw`b 100 UvKv K‡i Rwigvbv ev
Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e|
Avcxj Kivi c×wZ t 1979 mv‡ji KjKviLvbv wewagvjvi 90 aviv †gvZv‡eK wbgœwjwLZ c×wZ‡Z
Avcxj, Avcxj KZ©„c‡¶i wbKU Dc¯’vb Ki‡Z n‡e;
(1) KviLvbv AvB‡bi 108 aviv Abyhvqx Avcxj ¯§viKwjwc AvKv‡i 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
D³ ¯§viK wjwc‡Z cwi`k©‡Ki weiy‡× AvcxjKvixi AvcwËi KviY D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| wba©vwiZ †KvU©
wdmn cwi`k©‡Ki Av‡`ki GKwU Abywjwc ¯§viKwjwci mv‡_ ms‡hvRb K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| 90(1)
aviv|
(2) AvcxjKvix G¨v‡mm‡ii gva¨‡g ïbvbxi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| †m‡¶‡Î ¯§viKwjwc cvevi ci
G¨v‡mm‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ LiP Rgv w`‡Z ej‡Z cv‡ib| 90(2) aviv
(3) Avcxj KZ©„c¶ Avcxj cÖvwßi ci hw` hyw³hy³ g‡b K‡ib ev AvcxjKvix hw` A¨v‡mm‡ii gva¨‡g
Avcxj ïbvbxi Rb¨ Abyy‡iva Rvbvb, Z‡e D³ KviLvbi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e gvwjK‡ì †iwR÷ªvi
mwgwZ‡K GKRb G¨v‡mmi wb‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Rvbv‡eb| †iwR÷ªvi hw` GKRb G¨v‡mmi
wb‡qvM K‡ib Z‡e Avcxj KZ…©c¶I GKRb G¨v‡mmi wb‡qvM Ki‡eb| Zvici, Avcxj ïbvbxi Rb¨
Avcxj KZ…©c¶ ZvwiL I ¯’vb wVK K‡i Avcxj Kvix I gyL¨ cÖavb cwi`k©K‡K A_ev cÖ‡qvR‡b
cwi`k©K‡K †bvwUk w`‡eb| G¨v‡mmi‡ìI D³ Abyiƒc †bvwUk cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| 90(3) aviv
(4) AvcxjKvix AvwR©‡Z hw` G¨v‡mm‡ii Rb¨ Aby‡iva Rvbvb Zv n‡j †m ‡h †iwR÷ªv‡W©i mwgwZi m`m¨
Zvi bvg AvwR©‡Z D‡jøL Ki‡eb| 90(4) aviv|
(5) mswkøó mwgwZ KviLvbv AvB‡bi 108 (2) Abymv‡i wb‡gœ ewY©Z k‡Z© A¨v‡mmi wb‡qvM Ki‡eb:
(K) AvcxjKvix †Kvb mwgwZi m`m¨ n‡j ‡mB mwgwZ;
(L) AvcxjKvixi GKvwaK mwgwZi m`m¨ n‡q _vK‡j wZwb †h mwgwZi G¨v‡mmi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z B”QzK †m
mwgwZ;
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(M) AvcxjKvix hw` †Kvb mwgwZi m`m¨ bv n‡q _v‡Kb ev mwgwZi m`m¨ n‡q _vK‡j hw` Zvi bvg D‡jøL
bv K‡ib, †m †¶‡Î Avcxj KZ…©c¶ Zv‡ì B”QvgZ ‡h †Kvb mwgwZ †_‡K G¨v‡mmi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
95(5) aviv|
(6) KviLvbv wewagvjvi 90(3) Ges 90(5) aviv g‡Z wbhy³ G¨v‡mmi Avcxj kªe‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K w`b
m‡ev”P© 50 UvKv K‡i Avcxj KZ…©c¶ wd MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †h†¶‡Î AvcxjKvixi Aby‡iv‡a
G¨v‡mmi wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î AvcxjKvix KZ…©c¶ n‡Z 9(2) aviv g‡Z G¨‡mm‡ii ågY
fvZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Ges hw` RgvK…Z A_© n‡Z G¨‡mmi‡K ågY fvZv cÖ`v‡bi c‡i Aewkó UvKv
_vK‡j AvcxjKvix‡K †diZ w`‡Z n‡e|
Kj¨vY Awdmvi I Zvi KZ©e¨ t 1979 mv‡ji KviLvbv wewagvjvi 13 avivq Kj¨vY Awdmvi wb‡qvM Ges
14 avivq Zvi KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© wewa weavb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
Kj¨vY Awdmv‡ii wb‡qvM t 1979 mv‡ji KviLvbv wewa gvjvi 93 aviv g‡Z †Kvb KviLvbvq 500 Rb ev
Z‡ZvwaK †jvK wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Z‡e, †m †¶‡Î GKRb Kj¨vY Awdmvi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e kZ©
_v‡K ‡h, †h KviLvbvq 2000 Gi †ewk kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j †m‡¶‡Î cÖwZ 2000 kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ 1 Rb
Ges Zvi As‡ki Rb¨ GKRb K‡i Kj¨vY Awdmvi wb‡qvM Avek¨K|
Kj¨vY Awdmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ t 1979 mv‡ji KviLvbv wewagvjvi 94 aviv Abymv‡i GKRb KviLvbv
Kj¨vY Awdmvi wbgœiƒc KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡eb:
(1) kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ gayi m¤úK© eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Ki‡eb;
(2) ‡Kvb gZcv_©K¨ †`Lv w`‡j wZwb kªwgK‡ì e³e¨ kyb‡eb Ges Zv `~i Kivi m‡Pó _vK‡eb;
(3) KviLvbvq kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡iva †`Lv w`‡j Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ wbR cÖfve LvUv‡eb;
(4) kªwgK‡ì gRyix I PvKzwii kZ© wb‡q kªwgK I gvwjK cÖwZwbwa‡ì wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb;
(5) kªwgKiv hv‡Z mywPwKrmv †c‡Z cv‡ib Zvi Rb¨ Kj¨vY Awdmvi, KviLvbvi †gwW‡Kj Awdmvi‡ì
mv‡_ †hvMv†hvM i¶v Ki‡eb;
(6) wZwb kªwgK I gvwjK c‡¶i g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ m‡Pó _vK‡eb;
(7) D³ Awdmvi wewfbœ KwgwU, Drcv`b KwgwU, mgevq I Kj¨vY mwgwZ¸‡jv‡K Drmvn`vb Ki‡eb Ges
D³ KwgwU¸‡jv Z`viwK Ki‡eb;
(8) wZwb kªwgK‡ì wewfbœ my‡hvM myweavi wel‡q j¶¨ ivL‡eb;
(9) wZwb ¯^‡eZ‡b QywUi †¶‡Î kªwg‡Ki c¶ n‡q gvwjK‡K mnvqZv `vb I ¯^‡eZ‡b QywU I Ab¨vb¨ wbqg
Kvby‡bi wel‡q kªwgK‡ì AewnZKiYmn eySv‡eb;
(10) wZwb kªwgK‡ì mgevq mwgwZ I wewfbœ mgevq mwgwZ, b¨vh¨ g~‡jï †`vKvb ¯’vcb, mvgvwRK I
cÖ‡gv`Yg~jK my‡hvMmyweav, ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v, Zv‡ì mš—vb‡ì †jLvcovi my‡hvM, M„n ms¯’vcb, Lv`¨
BZ¨vw` kªg Kj¨vYg~jK Kv‡Ri cÖwZ bRi ivL‡eb;
(11) wZwb kªwgK‡ì Kg©‡¶‡Î I Rxeb hvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Aweivg †Póv Ki‡eb;
(12) wZwb bZzb kªwgK‡ì cÖwk¶Y, Zv‡ì wk¶vi Dbœqb Ges KvwiMwi cÖwZôv†b †hvMv`v‡b DrmvwnZ
Kivi Rb¨ gvwjK c¶‡K civgk© cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|

eëmvq AvBb
cvV ms‡¶c
KiLvbv AvB‡bi 93 aviv Abymv‡i G AvB‡b †Kvb iƒc `‡Ûi eë¯’v Kiv bv n‡q _vK‡j Ges 94 avivi
weavb mv‡c‡¶ †Kvb KviLvbvi wewa-weavb ev weav‡bi †Kvb Kg© wewa ev Zvi Aaxb †Kvb Av‡`k Agvb¨
Ki‡j D³ KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi I gvwjK‡K c„_Kfv‡e 1000 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Ges D³ Aciva Pj‡Z
_vK‡j cÖwZw`b 500 UvKv K‡i Rwigvbv `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e| cwi`k©K‡K, Zvi ¶gZv cÖ‡qv‡M evav`vb
Ki‡j A_ev KvD‡K Zje Ki‡j, hw` mv¶vZ bv K‡i ev †Kvb †iwR÷ªvi bv †`Lvq ev †`L‡Z e¨v_© nq ev
Ab¨ †Kvb Z_¨ cÖ`v‡b e¨_© nq ev †Kvb Z_¨ †Mvcb Ki‡j ev †Kvb kªwgK‡K †Kvb cwi`k©‡Ki mvg‡b
nvwRi n‡Z evav `vb Ki‡j, mswkøó e¨w³ 3 gvm ch©š‘ Kviv `Û ev cuvPkZ UvKv ch©š‘ Rwigvbv ev Dfq
`‡Û `wÛZ n‡e| AÎ AvB‡bi 98 aviv Abyhvqx †Kvb KviLvbv cwi`k©K G AvB‡bi Aaxb KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb e¨wZZ PvKzix‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq A_ev PvKzwi †_‡K Ae¨nwZ †bevi ciI KjKviLvbvi †Mvcb Z_¨
cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, ïay gvÎ KviLvbvi KZ©„c¶ †_‡K AbygwZ wb‡q A_ev †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa
m¤úv`‡bi j‡¶¨ eëüZ n‡j Z_¨ duv‡mi `v‡q Awfhy³ n‡e bv| Ab¨_vq Z_¨ duv‡mi `v‡q mswkøó e¨w³
Qq gv‡mi †Rj ev 1000 UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡Z cv‡i| KviLvbv AvB‡bi70 (5) avivq
ewY©Z Av‡`‡k †Kvb wkï kªwgK‡K ‰ØZ wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv | G AvBb Abyhvqx †Kvb gvwjK †Kvb
Aciv‡ai Rb¨ `Ûbxq n‡j, D³ `Û e¨wZZ ¶wZc~iY `v‡bi Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq †e‡a w`‡Z cv‡ib| 1979
mv‡ji KviLvbv wewa gvjvi 93 aviv g‡Z †Kvb KviLvbvq 500 Rb ev Z‡ZvwaK †jvK wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K
Z‡e, †m †¶‡Î GKRb Kj¨vY Awdmvi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
msw¶ß cÖkœvejx
1| 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvBb Abymv‡i wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q msÁv w`b t
K. KviLvbv|
L. KviLvbv cwi`k©K |
M. cÖZ¨qbKvix wPwKrmK |
N. †hvM¨Zvi cÖZ¨qb cÎ|
O. cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì Kv‡Ri mgq |
P. cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì Kv‡Ri NÈv |
Q. AwZwi³ mg‡qi Rb¨ gRyix |
R. gRyixmn evrmwiK QzwU |
S. Drcv`b cÖwµqv|
2| wkï kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ KviLvbv AvB‡b we‡kl weavb¸‡jv eY©bv Kiyb|
3| gwnjv kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ KviLvbv AvB‡b we‡kl weavb¸‡jv eY©bv Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœvejx
1. KviLvbv wbeÜbKiY m¤ú‡K© KviLvbv AvBb, 1965-‡Z wK wK weavb i‡q‡Q? Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2. kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨-msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ KviLvbv AvBb 1965 †Z †h mKj weavb Av‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiyb|
3. KviLvbv AvBb 1965†Z `yN©Ubv n‡Z kªwgK‡ì wbivcËvg~jK eë¯’v¸‡jv eY©bv Kiyb|
4. c~Y©eq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri NÈv, QzwU I AeKvk m¤ú‡K© KviLvbv AvB‡bi weavYmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
5. wkï kªwgK‡ì wb‡qvM msµvšÍ 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvB‡bi weavb¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
6. ZiyY, gwnjv I wkï‡ì wbivcËvi Rb¨ KviLvbv AvB‡b †h mKj weavb i‡q‡Q, ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv
Kiyb|
7. 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvBb Abymv‡i kªwgK‡ì Kj¨vYg~jK weavb¸‡jv eb©bv Kiyb|
8. KvivLvbv AvBb-1965 Abymv‡i wewfbœ Aciv‡ai `Û m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiyb|
9. Kj¨vY Awdmvi wb‡qvM, ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx eY©bv Kiyb|
10. 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvB‡bi we‡kl weavbmg~n eY©bv Kiyb|

BDwbU
4
wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k-1969
Industrial Relations Ordinance-1969
f~wgKv
wkí wecø‡ei cici wkí KviLvbvq kªwgK‡ì wb‡qvM `ªyZ e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| G my‡hv‡M gvwjK c¶ kªwgK‡ì
†kvlY Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j kªwgK‡ì g‡a¨ †¶vf e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K Ges kªwgKiv µgvMZ msNe× n‡Z _v‡K|
Zvi Kvi‡Y kªwgK-gvwjK m¤ú‡K©i NvUwZ n‡Z _v‡K| BD‡iv‡ci gZ fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡kI kªwgKiv msNe×
n‡q D‡V| wkí KviLvbvq wewfbœ ai‡bi wek„•Ljv, †hgb: ag©NU I Zvje‡Üi nvi e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| Ges
†`‡ki A_©bxwZi Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡Z ïiy K‡i| ZvB kªwgK-gvwjK m¤ú‡K©i Dbœqb NUv‡bvi Rb¨
wkí we‡iva AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q| 1926 mv‡j †UªW BDwbqb AvBb cv‡ki d‡j kªwgKiv Zv‡ì
wewfbœ `vex-`vIqv I myweav-Amyweavi K_v gvwjK c‡¶i wbKU Dc¯’vcb Kivi my‡hvM cvq| Zvici 1929
mv‡j kªg we‡iva AvBb cvk nq; hvi d‡j ag©NU I Zvjve‡Üi e¨vcv‡i wKQz wewa wb‡la Av‡ivcmn Dfq
c‡¶i g‡a¨ we‡iva wb®úwËi j‡¶¨ wKQz wKQz wewai cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| 1947 mv‡j bZzbfv‡e wkí we‡iva
AvBb cÖeZ©b K‡i 1929 mv‡ji AvBbwU i` Kiv nq|
1956, 1957, Ges 1958 mv‡j G AvBbwUi ms‡kvab Kiv m‡Ë¡I wkí m¤ú‡K©i DbœwZ bv nIqvq 1965
mv‡j wkíwe‡iva Aa¨v‡`kwU †NvwlZ nq; hv Avevi 1961 I 1962 mv‡j ms‡kvab Kiv nq| Zvici
G¸‡jv evwZj K‡i 1969 mv‡j wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`kwUi cvk Kiv nq|
evsjv‡`k nevi ci 1975 mv‡j wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`kwUi e¨vcK cwieZ©b Kiv nq Ges 1982 mv‡j wkí
m¤úK© (wbqš¿Y) Aa¨v‡`k bvg GKwU Aa¨v‡`k Rwi Kiv n‡j Zv 1984 mv‡j Avevi evwZj Kiv nq|
1985 mv‡j Òwkí m¤úK© (wbqš¿Y) Aa¨v‡`kÓ bv‡g Avi GKwU bZzb Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi Kiv nq hv g~jZ
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`kwU ms‡kvwaZ AvKv‡i Pvjy Av‡Q| Z‡e G Aa¨v‡`kwU cywjk I cÖwZi¶v
evwnbx‡Z wb‡qvwRZ Ges iv‡óªi cÖkvmwbK †¶‡Î G Aa¨v‡`kwUi AvIZv ewnf~©Z _vK‡e| c¶všÍ‡i, Kg©iZ
kªwgK‡ì †ejvq G AvBbwU cÖ‡hvR¨|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
msÁvmg~n I †UªW BDwbqb

(Definitions and Trade Union)
D‡Ïk¨
wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki AšÍ©MZ wewfbœ msÁv;
†UªW BDwbqb Kivi AwaKvi msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb;
†UªW BDwbq‡bi wbqš¿Y msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb;
†iwR÷ªvW© †UªW BDwbq‡bi AwaKvi I myweavmg~n; Ges
†UªW BDwbq‡bi †iwR‡÷ªkb evwZj msµvšÍ weavb|
welqe¯‘ t KwZcq msÁvmg~n-

G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2 avivq †h mKj msÁvmg~n cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc:
(1) †iv‡q`vZ t †iv‡q`vZ ej‡Z †Kvbiƒc wkí we‡iva ev Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ Ab¨ †Kvb wel‡q kªg
Av`vjZ, kvwjk`vi ev Avcxj UªvBeybvj KZ©„K cÖ`Ë †Kvb ivq ev wm×všÍ‡K eySv‡e| †h †Kvb
AšÍ~eZ©xKvjxb ivqI Gi AšÍfy©³ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| 2(2) aviv
(2) †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j (wmweG) t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 22 aviv Abyhvqx
wmweG n‡”Q, †Kvb cÖwZôvb ev wk‡íi bv‡g mswkøó †Kvb †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl wel‡q kªwgK‡ì cÖwZwbwa
wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖvß kªwgK msN‡K eySv‡e| 2(5) aviv
(3) wb‡qvMKZ©v ev gvwjK t †Kvb wkí cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡qvMKZ©v ev gvwjK ej‡Z †Kvb wkí mwgwZfy³ BDK
ev bv nDK, †h †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©, †h ev hviv mswkøó wk‡í Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK KvR Kivi Rb¨
kªwgK wb‡qvM K‡i _v‡K Zv‡ì‡K eySvq| G weavb Abymv‡i wbgœewY©Z e¨w³eM©‡K wb‡qvMKZv© e‡j
MY¨ Kiv nq: 2(8) aviv
(K) Ae¯’v Abyhvqx †h‡Kvb eskvbyµwgK DËivwaKvix ev n¯ÍvšÍiK…Z DËivwaKvix;
(L) mswkøó cÖwZôv‡bi eë¯’vcbv I Z`viwK Ges wbqš¿‡Yi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³;
(M) miKv‡ii †Kvb wefvM ev `ß‡ii Aaxb¯’ cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î G m¤ú‡K© hv‡K KZ…©c¶ iƒ‡c
wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q A_ev Giƒc KZ…©c¶ wb‡qvM bv Kiv n‡j Zvi wefvMxq cÖavb;
(N) †Kvb ¯’vbxq KZ©„c¶ KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î D³ ms¯’v KZ©„K wb‡qvwRZ †Kvb
Awdmvi ev †Kvb Awdmvi wbhy³ bv Kiv n‡j †m‡¶‡Î D³ ms¯’vi cÖavb Kvh©wbe©vnx;
(O) Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î gvwjK ev KviLvbvi Kvhv©ejx cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ mshy³ cÖ‡Z¨K
cwiPvjK, eë¯’vc‡Ki mwPe, cªwZwbwa ev e¨w³ Ges †Kvb e¨vswKs cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î
Avg‡gv³vi bvgvcÖvß e¨w³ ev mswkøó e¨vswKs †Kv¤úvwbi c‡¶ Pzw³ m¤úv`b, Pzw³ c‡Î
¯^v¶i`vb, Aby‡gv`b `vb Ges eë¯’vcK‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjbKvix †h †Kvb e¨w³|
(4) cÖwZôvb t cÖwZôvb ej‡Z †h †Kvb Awdm, †`vKvb, dvg©, wkí BDwbU ev cÖv½Y eySv‡e, †hLv‡b †h
†Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv nq| 2(9) aviv
BDwbU Pvi c„ôv-114
eëmvq AvBb
(5) wkí t wkí ej‡Z †h †Kvb eëmvq, Kvievi, Kg© cÖ‡Póv, cY¨ Drcv`b A_ev wb‡qvMKZ©vM‡Yi
†ckv, kªwgKM‡Yi †h‡Kvb †ckv, Kg©, wb‡qvM ev wkíRvZ †ckv ev e„wË‡K †evSv‡e|
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2(14) avivq wk‡íi wbgœiƒc msÁv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q t ‡h-
†Kvb eëmvq evwYR¨, Kg© cÖ‡Póv, `ªe¨ Drcv`b ev wb‡qvMKZv©M‡Yi †ckv Ges kªwgKM‡Yi †h
†KvbI †ckv, Kg© wb‡qvM ev wkíRvZ RxweKv ev e„wË‡KB wkí ejv nq|
(6) wkí we‡iva t gvwjK I gvwjKM‡Yi g‡a¨, kªwgK I gvwjKM‡Yi g‡a¨ A_ev kªwgKM‡Yi wb‡R‡ì
g‡a¨ †h †Kvb e¨w³i PvKzwi _vKv ev bv _vKv A_ev PvKzwii kZ© msµvšÍ wel‡q †h †Kvb we‡iva ev
gZcv_©K¨‡K wkí we‡iva e‡j| 2(13) aviv g‡Z ejv hvq, D³ e¨w³e‡M©i g‡a¨ †h †Kvb
gZwe‡ivaB wkí we‡iva bq| wkíwe‡iva n‡Z n‡j c¶Ø‡qi g‡a¨ PvKzwii ev Kv‡Ri kZ© m¤ú‡K©
gZ we‡iva n‡Z n‡e|
(7) ZvjveÜ ev jK-AvDU t AÎ AvB‡bi 2(16) aviv Abyhvqx ZvjveÜ ej‡Z wb‡qvM KZ©v KZ…©K †Kvb
Kg©‡¶Î m¤ú~Y© eÜ ivLv ev Gi AvswkK eÜ ivLv A_ev mvgwqKfv‡e †Kvb Kvh© eÜ ivLv A_ev wkí
we‡iva m¤ú©wK©Z †Kvb welq wb‡q gvwjK Abyiƒc mvgwqK ev m¤ú~Y©fv‡e eÜK…Z †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b
mvgwMÖKfv‡e A_ev †Kvb kZ© mv‡c‡¶ kªwgK‡ì‡K Kv‡R ‡hvM`vb Ki‡Z bv †`qv, A_ev PvKzwii
kZ© ev kZ©vejx MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ kªwgKw`M‡K eva¨ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡qvMKZ©v mvgwqKfv‡e Kg©‡¶Î eÜ
Kiv ev KvR eÜ †ivLv‡K ZvjveÜ ev jK-AvDU e‡j|
(8) ag©NU t †Kvb wkí cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ GK`j kªwgK hw` msNe×fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i
A_ev wKQz msL¨K kªwgK Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g D³ KvR Kiv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Z‡e Zv
ag©NU wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|
(9) †UªW BDwbqb t †UªW BDwbqb ej‡Z kªwgK‡ì ev Kg©Pvwi‡ì †h †Kvb ai‡bi msN ev mwgwZ hv
MV‡bi cÖv_wgK j¶¨ n‡jv kªwgK I gvwj‡Ki g‡a¨ A_ev gvwjK kªwgK‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbqš¿Y Kiv
ev †h †Kvb eëmvq ev evwYR¨ cwiPvjbvi Dci wbqš¿Yg~jK kZ© Av‡ivc Kiv Ges GKvwaK †UªW
BDwbqb wb‡q MwVZ †dWv‡ikbI Gi AšÍf©y³ n‡e|
(10) wb®úwË t Av‡cv‡mi gva¨‡g wggvsmv‡K wb®úwË e‡j| Z‡e, Av‡cvm Kvh© e¨wZZ Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e
gvwjK I kªwgKMY hw` mywbw`©ó wbqg Abymv‡i wjwLZfv‡e Pzw³i gva¨‡g ¯^v¶i K‡i †Kvb mg‡SvZv
K‡i _v‡K ZvI wb®úwËi AšÍf©y³ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
†UªW BDwbq‡bi msÁv (Trade Union) t †UªW BDwbqb n‡jv kªwgK‡ì GKwU mwgwZ hvi cÖv_wgK
D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨, kªwgK I kªwgK‡ì g‡a¨ ev gvwjK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úK©
wbqš¿Y Kiv A_ev †Kvb eëmvq ev evwY‡Rï Dci wbqš¿Yg~jK kZ©vw` Av‡ivc Kiv| †UªW BDwbqb
wk¶vg~jK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK D‡ÏkÏ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
1969 mv‡ji Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2(26) avivq †UªW BDwbq‡bi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, †UªW BDwbqb n‡jv kªwgK‡ì
ev Kg©Pvwi‡ì †h †Kvb msN ev mwgwZ hv msNU‡bi cÖv_wgK D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv kªwgK I gwjK‡ì gv‡S ev
BDwbU Pvi c„ôv- 115

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
kªwgK‡ì gv‡S ev gvwjK‡ì gv‡S ev †h †Kvb eëmv ev evwYR¨ cwiPvjbvi Dci wbqš¿K kZ© Av‡ivc Kiv
Ges `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †UªW BDwbq‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ †dWv‡ikbI Gi AšÍf©~³ n‡e|
‡UªW BDwbqb Kivi AwaKvi t 1969 mv‡ji wkí-m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 3 aviv‡Z †UªW BDwbqb Kivi
AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc ewY©Z Av‡Q-
(1) †Kvbiƒc c~ev©bygwZ QvovB cÖ‡Z¨K kªwg‡Ki mswkøó mwgwZi weavb Abymv‡i wb‡R‡ì c”Q›` Abymv‡i
mwgwZ MVb I mwgwZ‡Z †hvM`vb Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q| 3 (K) aviv
(2) †UªW BDwbqb I gvwjK‡ì mwgwZi wbR¯^ MVbZš¿ I wewagvjv cÖYqb, c”Q›`gZ cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb,
mwgwZ cÖkvmb I Kg© ZrciZv, msMV‡bi Kg©m~wP cÖYq‡bi ¶gZvi AwaKvi mKj †kªYxi kªwg‡Ki
i‡q‡Q| 3(L) aviv
(3) kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì c„_K c„_K †dWv‡ikb I Kb‡dWv‡ikb MVb I †hvM`v‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
†dWv‡ikb I Kb‡dWv‡ik‡bi kªwgK I gwjK‡ì AšÍR©vwZK msMVb I Kb‡dWv‡ik‡bi mv‡_ hy³
nevi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
‡UªW BDwbq‡bi wbeÜb (Registration of Trade Union) t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k
Abymv‡i cÖwZwU †UªW BDwbqb‡K †iwR‡÷ªmb ev wbeÜb Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| AÎ AvB‡bi 5 aviv Abymv‡i
†Kvb †UªW BDwbqb‡K wbeÜb Kivi Rb¨ D³ †UªW BDwbq‡bi mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`‡Ki ¯^v¶imn
wbeÜ‡bi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z n‡e| †UªW BDwbq‡bi wbeÜb Kivi Rb¨ †UªW BDwbq‡bi †iwR÷ªv‡ii wbKU
Av‡e`b Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, mswkøó wefv‡Mi hyM¥-kªg cwiPvjK mswkøó wefv‡Mi Rb¨ †UªW BDwbqbmg~‡ni
†iwR÷ªvi e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 6 aviv Abymv‡i wbeÜ‡bi Rb¨ †iwR÷ªv‡ii wbKU Av‡e`b Kivi
mgq Av‡e`b c‡Î wbgœwjwLZ Z_¨mg~n _vK‡Z n‡e:
(1) †UªW BDwbq‡bi bvg I cÖavb Kvh©vj‡qi wVKvbv, BDwbqb MV‡bi ZvwiL, BDwbq‡bi Kg©KZ©v‡ì bvg,
eqm, wVKvbv, †ckv, Puv`v cwi‡kva Kiv m`m¨ msL¨v| †dWv‡ik‡bi †¶‡Î BDwbqbmg~‡ni bvg, wVKvbv I
†iwR‡÷ªk‡bi b¤î, wZb Kwc MVbZš¿ Ges MVbZš¿ M„nxZ nevi wm×v‡šÍi wZb Kwc, †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi Rb¨
Av‡e`b Kivi Rb¨ mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi cÖ¯Ív‡e GK Kwc, Ges †dWv‡ik‡bi
†¶‡Î m`m¨ BDwbqbmg~n †dWv‡ik‡b †hvM`vb Kivi wm×v‡šÍi Kwc|
wbe‡Üi cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©vejx t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 7 aviv Abymv‡i wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~n Av‡e`b c‡Îi mv‡_
D‡j- L bv Ki‡j wbeÜb Kiv n‡e bv -
(1) kªwgK ms‡Ni bvg I wVKvbv;
(2) BDwbqb MV‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Ges m`m¨ nevi c×wZ;
(3) BDwbq‡bi mvaviY Znwe‡ji Drm Ges wK wK D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv eëüZ n‡e;
(4) cÖ‡Z¨K kªwg‡Ki BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ nevi c×wZ I G Av‡e`b c‡Î GKwU †NvlYv _vK‡e †h, †m Ab¨
†Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨ bq;

eëmvq AvBb
(5) kªwgK BDwbqbi msweav‡b †h mKj my‡qvM myweavi wbðqZv †`qv n‡q‡Q Zvi weeiY Ges wK wK
Kvi‡Y †Kvb m`¨‡mi Rwigvbv I m`m¨ c` evwZj n‡Z cv‡i Zvi D‡jøL;
(6) kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨‡ì GKwU c~Y©v½ ZvwjKv ivLv Ges ms‡Ni Kg©KZ©v I mKj m`m¨ †hb †`L‡Z
cvq Zvi myeë¯’v Kiv;
(7) msweavb ms‡kvab, iè`j, ev ewZj Kivi c×wZ;
(8) kªwgK ms‡Ni Znwej wbivc` ivLv, evrmwiK Avq-e¨v‡qi wnmve cix¶v I wbix¶v c×wZ; hv‡Z
ms‡Ni Kg©KZ©v I mKj m`m¨ †hb cÖ‡qvR‡b †`L‡Z cv‡ib Zvi myeë¯’v ivLv;
(9) mwgwZi we‡jvc mva‡bi c×wZ;
(10) mwgwZi mvaviY mfvq Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi wbe©vP‡bi wbqgvejx Ges wbe©vwPZ ev cybtwbe©vwPZ n‡j †Kvb
Kg©KZ©v 2 erm‡ii Rb¨ D³ c‡` envj _vK‡e;
(11) mwgwZi †Kvb Kg©KZ©vi weiy‡× Abv¯’v cÖKv‡ki wbqg;
(12) mwgwZi mvaviY mfv I wbe©vnx KwgwUi mfv Abyôv‡bi wbqgvejx| wbe©vnx KwgwUi mfv cÖwZgv‡m
Aš—Z GK evi Ges mvaviY mfv eQ‡i Aš—Z GKevi n‡Z n‡e|
(13) ‡Kvb BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v D³ cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì 30 fvM bv n‡j AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki
Aax‡b wbeÜbK…Z n‡e bv|
kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨ ev Kg©KZv© nevi A‡hvM¨Zv t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 7 (K) aviv‡Z †Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni
Kg©KZ©v ev m`m¨ nevi A‡hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© wbgœwjwLZ weavb i‡q‡Q-
(1) Mswkøó kªwgK ms‡Ni MVbZ‡š¿ hvB ejv _vKzK bv †Kb, †Kvb e¨w³ GKwU kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨ ev
Kg©KZ©v n‡Z cvi‡e bv-
(K) hw` †KD ˆbwZK PvwiÎnxb †Kvb Aciv‡ai Rb¨ 16 (1) avivi 2 Aby‡”Q` ev 61 aviv Abyhvqx
Aciv‡ai Rb¨ `Û cÖvß n‡q _v‡K Ges
(L) †m hw` mswkøó cÖwZôv‡b PvKywiiZ bv _v‡K ev †Kvb mg‡qI PvKzwi bv K‡i _v‡K|
(2) 7 K avivi Dcaviv 1 Ges ÔLÕ Aby‡”Q‡ì weavb †Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni Dci cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
(3) wbewÜZ †UªW BDwbqb †iwR÷ªvi BZ¨vw` msi¶Y Ki‡e| G Aa¨v‡`‡ki, 7 (9) aviv Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K
wbewÜZ kªwgK msN‡K wbw`©ó wbq‡g †iwR÷ªvi I Ab¨vb¨ `wjj cÎvw` msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e, h_v t
(K) kªwgK ms‡Ni m`më‡M©i cÖ`Ë Puv`vi weeiY m¤^wjZ GKwU †iwR÷ªvi;
(L) kªwgK ms‡Ni Rgv Li‡Pi wnmve msµvš— wnmve eB; Ges
(M) kªwgK ms‡Ni AbywôZ mfvi Kvh©weeiYx wjwce× K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ GKwU Kvh© weeiYx eB|
wbeÜb (Registration) t G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 8(1) avivq ejv Av‡Q wbeÜK hw` g‡b K‡ib †h, Av‡e`bKvix
kªwgK msNwU wbeÜb cvevi mKj kZ© c~iY K‡i‡Q, Z‡e wZwb D³ †UªW BDwbqbwU‡K wbeÜb eB‡q wbeÜb
fy³ K‡i Av‡e`‡bi 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wba©vwiZ d‡g© wbeÜb mvwUwd‡KU cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Z‡e, hw` Av‡e`‡bi
g‡a¨ †Kvb iƒc Mowgj cwijw¶Z nq ev †Kvb wKQz ev` c‡o hvq, Z‡e Av‡e`‡bi 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨
†iwR÷ªv‡ii AvcwË mswkøó †UªW BDwbqb‡K Rvbv‡e Ges D³ AvcwË cvevi 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ mswkøó kªwgK
BDwbqb Reve w`‡e|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(1) 8(2) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †iwR÷ªvi KZ©„K DÌvwcZ AvcwË mwVK fv‡e ms‡kva‡bi ci 8(1) aviv
†gvZv‡eK †UªW BDwbqbwU wbeÜbf~³ Ki‡eb| Z‡e, mwVK fv‡e AvcwË ms‡kvab bv n‡j wbeÜK
Av‡e`b cÎwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
(2) 8(3) aviv Abyhvqx Av‡e`b cÖZ¨vLvb n‡j A_ev Av‡e`b mwVKfv‡e ms‡kvab nevi 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨
hw` wbeÜK Av‡e`bKvix †UªW BDwbqbwU hw` wbeÜb Ki‡Z e¨_© nq; Z‡e, D³ †UªW BDwbqbwU kªg
Avv`vj‡Z Avcxj Ki‡Z cvi‡e| kªg Av`vjZ g‡b Ki‡j †UªW BDwbqbwU wbeÜbfy³ K‡i wbeÜb
mvwU©wd‡KU Bmÿ Ki‡Z cv‡ib A_ev Avcxj LvwiR K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
9 aviv Abyhvqx †iwR÷ªvi wba©vwiZ d‡g© wbeÜb mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| G wbeÜb mvwUwd‡KU D³ †UªW
BDwbqb ‡h wbeÜb n‡q‡Q Zvi mywbw`©ó `wjj|
kªwgK ms‡Ni wbeÜb ewZj t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 10(1) aviv †gvZv‡eK wbeÜK wbgœwjwLZ Kvi‡Y †iwR÷ªkb
evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡ib-
(1) †Kvb †UªW BDwbqb hw` RvwjqvwZ ev wg_¨v Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wbewÜZ n‡q _v‡K;
(2) hw` †Kvb †UªW BDwbqb wbeÜb evwZ‡ji Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡i;
(3) hw` †Kvb kªwgK msN D³ ms‡Ni msweav‡bi †Kvb aviv ev weavb j•Nb K‡i;
(4) hw` †Kvb Amr kªg AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i;
(5) hw` kªwgK ms‡Ni msweav‡bi †Kvb aviv AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki †Kvb aviv ev Kvh© wewai mwnZ m½wZc~Y© bv
nq;
(6) ‡Kvb †UªW BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v D³ cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨vi 30 fv‡Mi Kg nq;
(7) hw` †iwR÷ªv‡ii wbKU evwl©K wi‡c©vU †ck bv K‡i;
(8) kªwgK ms‡Ni Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb Kg©KZ©v wba©viY Kiv nq †h 7(K) aviv Abyhvqx Kg©KZ©v nevi
A‡hvM¨; Ges
(9) hw` AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki †h †Kvb weavb ev wewa j•Nb K‡i;
(10) (2) aviv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wbeÜK hw` †Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni wbeÜb evwZj Kivi cÖ‡qvRb e‡j g‡b
K‡ib Zvn‡j wZwb wbeÜb evwZj Kivi Rb¨ AbygwZ †P‡q kªg Av`j‡Zi wbKU Av‡e`b Ki‡eb|
(10) (3) aviv Abymv‡i kªg Av`j‡Zi wbKU †_‡K †iwR‡÷ªkb evwZj Kivi AbygwZ cÖvwßi 7 w`‡bi g‡a¨
wbeÜb ewZj Ki‡eb|
‡iwR‡÷ªkb evwZ‡ji weiy‡× Av‡e`b t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 11 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb †UªW BDwbq‡bi
†iwR‡÷ªkb evwZ‡ji Av‡`k cvevi 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡j Avcxj Ki‡Z cvi‡e| kªg
UªvBeybvj AvcxjKvixi Av‡e`b Abyhvqx †iwR‡÷ªkb evwZ‡ji Av‡`k evwZj ev envj ivL‡Z cv‡ib|
kªwgK msN wbeÜb bv Kivi djvdj t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 11(K) aviv Abyhvqx †Kvb kªwgK msN wbewÜZ bv
n‡j ev wbeÜb ewZj n‡j D³ kªwgK msN Avi †Kvb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv Ges Giƒc †Kvb
ms‡Ni Znwe‡ji Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb Puv`v Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

eëmvq AvBb
cvV ms‡¶c
†UªW BDwbqb n‡jv kªwgK‡ì GKwU mwgwZ hvi cÖv_wgK D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨, kªwgK I
kªwgK‡ì g‡a¨ ev gvwjK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbqš¿Y Kiv A_ev †Kvb eëmvq ev evwY‡Rï Dci
wbqš¿Yg~jK kZ©vw` Av‡ivc Kiv| †UªW BDwbqb wk¶vg~jK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK D‡ÏkÏ cvjb Ki‡Z
cv‡i| 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k Abymv‡i cÖwZwU †UªW BDwbqb‡K †iwR‡÷ªmb ev wbeÜb Kiv
eva¨Zvg~jK| AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 7 (K) aviv‡Z †Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni Kg©KZ©v ev m`m¨ nevi A‡hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K©
weavb i‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 8(1) avivq ejv Av‡Q wbeÜK hw` g‡b K‡ib †h, Av‡e`bKvix kªwgK msNwU
wbeÜb cvevi mKj kZ© c~iY K‡i‡Q, Z‡e wZwb D³ †UªW BDwbqbwU‡K wbeÜb eB‡q wbeÜb fy³ K‡i
Av‡e`‡bi 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wba©vwiZ d‡g© wbeÜb mvwUwd‡KU cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
†iwR÷ªvi, Amr kªg AvPiY I wbewÜZ †UªW BDwbqb myweav (Register, Unfair
Labour Practices and Benefits of Registered Trade Union)
D‡Ïk¨
†iwR÷ªvi, Zvi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
gvwj‡Ki c‡¶ wK wK KvR Amr kªg AvPiY e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
kªwg‡Ki c‡¶ wK wK KvR Amr kªg AvPiY e‡j MY¨ n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
wbewÜZ †UªW BDwbq‡bi AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
†iwR÷ªvi t 1969 mv‡ji Aa¨‡`‡ki 12 aviv Abyhvqx G Aa¨v‡`‡ki D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ miKvi †M‡RU
weÁwßi gva¨‡g hZ msL¨K cÖ‡qvRb †iwR÷ªvi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, Ges GKB GjvKvq GKvwaK
†iwR÷ªvi wb‡qvM n‡j Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GLwZqvify³ GjvKvi mxgvbv wba©viY K‡i †`‡eb|
†iwR÷ªv‡ii ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 13 avivq †iwR÷ªv‡ii ¶gZv I
Kvh©vejxi weavb †`qv Av‡Q| G aviv g‡Z GK Rb †iwR÷ªv‡ii ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx wbgœiƒc-
(1) G Aa¨v‡`k Abyhvqx †UªW BDwbqbmg~n‡K †iwR‡÷ªkb cÖ`vb Kiv Ges †iwRw÷ªK…Z †UªW BDwbq‡bi
ZvwjKv GKwU †iwR÷ªv‡i msi¶Y Kiv;
(2) Amr kªg, AcZrciZv, Aa¨v‡`‡ki †Kvb weavb j•Nb Kiv ev †Kvb ai‡bi Acivag~jK KvR cÖf„wZ
†h †Kvb †UªW BDwbq‡bi weiy‡× kªg Av`j‡Z Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Kiv;
(3) †Kvb cÖwZôv†b Kvh©iZ †UªW BDwbqbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb †UªW BDwbqb D³ cÖwZôv‡bi wmweG wbhy³
nevi †hvM¨Zv Av‡Q Zv wba©viY Kiv; Ges
(4) †iwR÷ªvi wbeÜxK…Z †UªW BDwbq‡bi ev †dWv‡ik‡bi wnmve eB cwi`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges †h
†Kvb LvZv ev eB Zje Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(5) †Kvb wbeÜxK…Z †UªW BDwbqb ev †dWv‡ik‡bi we`vqx Kg©KZ©vMY hw` †Kvb m½Z KviY e¨wZZ
Awd‡mi bw_ cÎ, KvMR cÎ, `wjj cÎ, wnmv‡ei eB Ges Znwej hw` bevMZ wbe©vnx cl©‡ì wbKU
n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z e¨_© nb ev A¯^xKvi K‡ib, Z‡e bevMZ wbe©vnx cl©‡ì mvaviY m¤úv`K ev mfvcwZi
Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wbeÜK we`vqx cl©‡ì wnmve eB I Znwej bevMZ‡ì wbKU eywS‡q †èvi
Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e, †Kvb e¨w³i G Av‡`k gbcyZ bv n‡j 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ kªg
Av`vj‡Z Avcx‡ji Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(6) wbeÜK wjwLZfv‡e †Kvb Awdmvi‡K ¶gZv cÖ`vb Ki‡j wZwb †h †Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni ev
†dWv‡ik‡bi Awd‡m cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cÖ‡ek K‡i LvZv cÎ, †iwR÷ªvi cwi`k©b Ki‡Z ev
†h †Kvb e¨w³i mv¶¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(7) wZwb †Kvb wbeÜbK…Z kªwgK msN ev †dWv‡ik‡bi Awdm cwi`k©b Kv‡j †h †Kvb wel‡q kªwgK
ms‡Ni ev wbe©vnx KwgwUi †h †Kvb Kg©KZ©vi wbKU e¨vL¨v ev Z_¨ PvB‡Z cv‡ib|

eëmvq AvBb
Amr kªg AvPiY (Unfair Labour Practice) t kªwgK ev gvwjK KZ©„K kªg mswkøó wel‡q Agvb¨ ev
A‡hŠw³K cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡j Zv‡K Amr kªg AvPiY ejv nq| G Amr kªg AvPiY gvwjK I kªwgK Dfq
c‡¶iB n‡Z cv‡i|
gvwjK c‡¶i Amr kªg AvPiY (Unfair Labour Practice on the Part of Employer) t AÎ
Aa¨v‡`‡ki 15 avivq gvwjK c‡¶i Amr kªg AvPi‡Yi weeiY †`qv n‡q‡Q| G aviv g‡Z wbgœewY©Z
KvR¸‡jv Amr kªg AvPi‡Yi AšÍf©y³ -
(1) PvKzwii Pzw³‡Z †UªW BDwbqb Kivi AwaKvi wbwl× Kiv;
(2) †UªW BDwbq‡bi wbe©vnx KwgwU‡Z †Kvb c‡` envj _vK‡j PvKzwi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z ev PvKzwi‡Z envj
ivL‡Z Am¤§wZ Rvbvb;
(3) PvKzwi‡Z c‡`vbœwZ ev Kv‡Ri kZ© wba©viY Kivi mgq †UªW BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ _vKvi welq we‡ePbv
Kiv;
(4) †UªW BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ nIqvi ev m`m¨ nevi B”Qv †cvlY Kivi Rb¨ ev BDwbq‡bi Kg©KvÛ Pvjv‡bvi
Rb¨ PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯Í Kiv, c`Pz¨Z Kiv, AcmviY Kiv ev G ai‡bi ûgwK cÖ`k©b Kiv;
(5) †UªW BDwbqb‡bi m`m¨f~³ bv nevi Rb¨ ev m`m¨ c` Z¨vM Kivi Rb¨ Kg©Pvwi‡K cÖjye× Kiv ev
†Kvbiƒc my‡hvM `v‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv;
(6) fxwZ, nqivwb, Pvc cÖf„wZi gy‡L wm we G Gi †Kvb Kg©KZ©v‡K Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv;
(7) wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †fvU `v‡bi Kv‡R n¯Í‡¶c Kiv ev cÖfvweZ Kiv ev Kivi †Póv Kiv;
(8) AvBb m¤§Z ag©NU PjvKv‡j bZzb kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv| Z‡e, †h †¶‡Î mvwjkxi mycvwi‡ki d‡j
†Kvb KvR m¤ú„Y© eÜ n‡q †M‡j hš¿cvwZ ev cÖwZôv‡bi Ac~iYxq ¶wZi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j ïay ZLb
m¤ú~Y© A¯’vqxfv‡e bZzb kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e|
kªwg‡Ki c‡¶ Amr kªg AvPiY (Unfair Labour Practice on the Part of Labour) t AÎ
Aa¨v‡`‡ki 16 avivq kªwgK‡ì c‡¶ †h mKj KvR Amr kªg AvPiY e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e, Zvi eY©bv †`qv
A‡Q| †m †gvZv‡eK kªwg‡Ki c‡¶ Amr kªg APiY wbgœiƒc
(1) †Kvb kªwgK‡K †Kvb †UªW BDwbq‡b †hvM w`‡Z ev †hvM`vb †_‡K weiZ ivLv‡Z eva¨ Kiv ev †Rvi
Kiv;
(2) ‡UªW BDwbq‡bi Kg©KZ©v nIqv ev Giƒc c‡` envj _vKv ev bv _vKvi Rb¨ KvD‡K fq †`Lvb;
(3) ‡Kvb iƒc myweav cÖ`vb ev Av`vq K‡i †èvi †jvf ‡`wL‡q KvD‡K BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ ev Kg©KZv© n‡Z
ev nIqv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ Kiv;
(4) fxwZ cÖ`k©b, nqivwb, Pvc, cÖf„wZi ga¨‡g gvwjK‡K †Kvb Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i `v‡b eva¨ Kiv;
(5) AvUK, wbh©vZb ev fq †`wL‡q kªwgK‡ì wbKU †_‡K Puv`v Av`vq Kiv;
(6) †fvU `v‡bi †¶‡Î KvD‡K cÖfvweZ Kiv, fq †`Lvb, Dr‡KvP cÖ`vb Kiv ev RvwjqvwZi Avkªq †bqv
cÖf„wZ KvR Kiv BZ¨vw`|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
kªwgK c‡¶i Amr kªg AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ 53 (3) aviv g‡Z 6 gvm †Rj ev 2000 UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq
`‡Û `wÛZ Kiv| c¶všÍ‡i gvwjK c‡¶i Amr AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ 53 (2) aviv g‡Z 1 ermi †Rj ev 5000
UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv|
wbewÜZ kªwgK ms‡Ni AwaKvi I my‡hvM myweav (Rights and Privileges of Registered Trade
Union) t
AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 5, 6,7 I 8 avivi weavb g‡Z †Kvb kªwgK msN‡K wbewÜZ n‡Z n‡e| wbewÜZ bv n‡j
Ab¨ †Kvb BDwbq‡bi weiy‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †UW BDwbqb AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki weavb Abyhvqx wbewÜZ
n‡j †ek wKQz my‡qvM myweav cv‡e hv wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
(1) lohš¿ msµvšÍ AvB‡bi mxwgZ cÖ‡qvM t ‡UªW BDwbq‡bi †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi j‡¶¨ †Kvb Pzw³
m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ wbewÜZ †Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni †Kvb Kg©KZ©v ev m`m¨ ev wmweG Gi †Kvb m`m¨
evsjv‡`‡ki `Û wewai 120 avivi ÔLÕ Dcaviv Abymv‡i †Kvb loh‡š¿i `v‡q `wÛZ n‡ebv| Z‡e G
Aa¨v‡`k e¨wZZ Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡b Aciva mvab ev †Kvb AvBb f½ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pzw³ Ki‡j Zvi
Rb¨ `vqx n‡e| 17 aviv
(2) KwZcq †¶‡Î †Ìqvbx †gvKÏvgv †_‡K Ae¨nwZ `vb t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 18(1) aviv g‡Z †Kvb †UªW
BDwbqb PjvgvÎ †Kvb wkí we‡iv‡ai c‡¶ _vK‡j D³ wkí we‡iva Pvwj‡q hvIqv ev Pvwj‡q hvevi
Ki‡Y †Kvb Kvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡j Zvi d‡j Ab¨vb¨ PvKzwi‡Z Ab¨vb¨ ew³eM© PvKyixi kZ© f½ Ki‡Z
DrmvwnZ n‡q‡Q A_ev Zv Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i eëmvq ev PvKyixi Dci n¯Í‡¶‡ci mvwgj A_ev wb‡Ri
B”QvgZ cuywR I kªwgK wb‡qv‡Mi AwaKv†ii Dci n¯Í‡¶c, ïaygvÎ G Rb¨ †Kvb wbewÜZ †UªW
BDwbq‡bi ev wmweG ev G‡ì †Kvb Kg©KZ©v ev m`‡mï weiy‡× †Kvb gvgjv Ki‡j ev Ab¨ †Kvb
AvBbMZ eë¯’v †Kvb †Ìqvbx Av`j‡Z MÖnY n‡e bv|
18(2) Dcaviv g‡Z wkí we‡iv‡ai ¯^v‡_© wkí we‡iva RwbZ Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb wbewÜZ †UªW
BDwbqb Zvi cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g Kv‡iv cÖwZ ¶wZKi †Kvb KvR Ki‡j hw` cÖgvwbZ nq †h, mswkøó
e¨w³ wb‡Ri ARv‡šÍ ev kªwgK ms‡Ni Kvh© wbe©vnx KZ©„K ¯úó wb‡`©‡ki cwicwš’fv‡e D³ KvR m¤úv`b
Ki‡Q, Z‡e mswkøó †UªW BDwbq‡bi weiy‡× †Kvb †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Z †Kvb gvgjv ev G ai‡bi †Kvb
AvBbvbyM eë¯’v †bqv hv‡e bv|
(3) Pzw³i cÖ‡qvM †hvM¨Zv t eZ©gvb cÖPwjZ Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡b hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, kªwgK ms‡Ni mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z
Pzw³i D‡Ïk¨ evwY‡Rï Rb¨ ¶wZKi ïay gvÎ G Kvi‡Y m¤úvw`Z Pzw³wU evwZj ev evwZj†hvM¨ e‡j
we‡ewPZ n‡e bv|
Z‡e kZ© n‡jv, G avivq Ggb †Kvb weavb _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv hvi d‡j †Kvb kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨ Øviv cY¨
weµq Kiv ev bv Kiv, eëmv Pvjvb ev bv Pvjvb A_ev PvKzwi‡Z enj _vKv ev bv _vKv wel‡q †Kvb Pzvw³
f‡½i d‡j †h ¶wZ n‡e †m ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯’ c‡¶i AvBbMZ eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi
AwaKvi _vK‡e (19 aviv)|

eëmvq AvBb
(4) †UªW BDwbqbmg~‡ni †dWv‡ikb t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 20 aviv Abyhvqx `yB ev
Z‡ZvwaK wbewÜZ ‡UªW BDwbqb wbR wbR mvavib mfvq cÖ¯Íve MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GKwU †dWv‡ikb MVb
I wba©vwiZ wbqg cvj‡bi gva¨‡g Zv wbeÜ‡bi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avi D‡jøL¨ †h,
kªwgK‡ì †UªW BDwbqb gvwjK‡ì BDwbq‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ ‡Kvb †dWv‡ikb Ges gvwjK‡ì †Kvb
†UªW BDwbqb kªwgK‡ì †UªW BDwbq‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ †Kvb †dWv‡ik‡b AšÍfy©w³ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
cvV ms‡¶c
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 13 avivq †iwR÷ªv‡ii ¶gZv I Kvh©vejxi weavb †`qv Av‡Q| kªwgK
ev gvwjK KZ©„K kªg mswkøó wel‡q Agvb¨ ev A‡hŠw³K cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡j Zv‡K Amr kªg AvPiY ejv
nq| G Amr kªg AvPiY gvwjK I kªwgK Dfq c‡¶iB n‡Z cv‡i| 5, 6,7 I 8 avivi weavb g‡Z †Kvb
kªwgK msN‡K wbewÜZ n‡Z n‡e| wbewÜZ bv n‡j Ab¨ †Kvb BDwbq‡bi weiy‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
†hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j ev wmweG

Collective Bergaining Agent (C.B.A)
D‡Ïk¨
†hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j wbe©vP‡bi cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
†hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `‡ji ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
†hŠ_ ì KlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j wbe©vPb t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡k wmweG wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K© wb‡æv³
weavb¸‡jv i‡q‡Q-
(1) †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b GKwU gvÎ wbewÜZ kªwgK msN _vK‡j Ges D³ kªwgK ms‡N mswkøó cÖwZôvb ev †hŠ_
cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ †gvU Kg©Pvwii AšÍZ GK Z…Zxqvsk m`m¨ n‡j D³ kªwgK msN‡K wmweG e‡j MY¨
Kiv n‡e; 22(1) aviv
(2) †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b ev †hŠ_ cÖwZôv‡b GKvwaK wbewÜZ kªwgK msN _vK‡j hv‡ì †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v
Kg©iZ Kg©Pvwi‡ì AšÍZ GK Z…Zxqvs‡ki Kg bq Giƒc kªwgK msN †_‡K Av‡e`‡bi wfwË‡Z †Mvcb
†fv‡Ui gva¨‡g wmweG wbe©vPb Kiv n‡e; 22(2) aviv
(3) Dcaviv 2 Abymv‡i Av‡e`b cÖvwßi ci wbeÜK wjwLZ weÁwß cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡gœv³ wel‡q gZvgZ
MÖnY Ki‡eb:
(K) mswkøô cÖwZôvb ev †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi wmweG wba©vi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ AbywôZe¨ †Mvcb †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g
cÖwZØw›ØZv Kivi B”Qv Av‡Q wKbv;
(L) cÖwZØw›ØZvq Ask wb‡Z AvMÖnx mswkøó kªwgK msN‡K weÁwß‡Z D‡jøwLZ wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨
wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q Z_¨ †ck Ki‡Z n‡et
(1) kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨‡ì bvg, wcZvi bvg, eqm, PvKzwii ¯’vb Ges kvLv ev wefv‡Mi bvgmn
m`m¨M‡Yi GKwU ZvwjKv;
(2) m`m¨‡ì wU‡KU b¤î I kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨ wn‡m‡e †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL;
(3) kªwgK msNwU hw` †Kvb kªwgK msNmg~‡ni †dWv‡ikb n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi A½xfyZ ms‡Ni
m`m¨‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKv| 22(3) aviv
(4) †Kvb kªwgK msN hw` wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwZØw›ØZv Kivi B”Qv wbeÜK‡K Rvbv‡Z e¨_©
nq; Z‡e a‡i †bqv n‡e †h, D³ kªwgK msN wmweG, wbe©vP‡b Ask MÖnY Ki‡Z AvMÖnx bq|
22(4)
(5) †hŠ_ ì KlvKwl cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î mswkøó cÖwZôvb ev †hŠ_ cÖwZôv‡bi
wb‡qvMKZ©v‡ì cÖavb KiYxq KvR wbgœiƒc:

eëmvq AvBb
(1) wbeÜK hw` Pvb, Z‡e gvwjK hv‡ì PvKzwii eqm wZb gv‡mi Kg Zv‡ì ev‡` me kªwg‡Ki bvg,
wcZvi bvg, eqm, wVKvbv, Kg©¯’j, ev kvLvi bvg, wU‡KU b¤î Ges PvKzwi‡Z †hvMM`v‡bi ZvwiLmn
GKwU ZvwjKv wbeÜ‡Ki wbKU ‡cÖiY Ki‡eb; Ges
(2) wb‡qvMKZv© KZ…©K I kªwgK msN KZ…©K cÖ`Ë ZvwjKv cix¶v K‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ wbeÜK‡K me ai‡Yi
my‡hvM myweav gvwjK w`‡eb|
(6) kªwgK msN KZ…©K `vwLjK…Z ZvwjKv cix¶v K‡i †`Lvi ci †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖYqb Ki‡eb| hv‡ì
PvKzwii eqm wZb gvm c~Y© nqwb Zv‡ì ev‡` mKj kªwg‡Ki bvg †fvUvi ZvwjKvq _vK‡e Ges †fvU
MÖn‡Yi AšÍZ 4 w`b c~‡e© wbeÜK †fvUvi ZvwjKvi mZ¨vwqZ GKwU Kwc cÖwZØ›Øx cÖwZwU ms†Ni
wbKU cvVv‡eb| wbeÜ‡Ki Awd‡m cÖKvk¨ ¯’v‡b G †fvUvi ZvwjKvi Kwc Uvw½qv ivL‡Z n‡e|
22(6) aviv
(7) wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ wbeÜK †Kvb AvcwË †c‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq Z`‡šÍi ci D³ wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY
Ki‡eb| 22(6K) aviv
(8) 22 (6K) aviv Abyhvqx cÖ`Ë AvcwËi wel‡q †h wm×všÍ †b‡eb †m Abyhvqx gvwjK KZ©„K cÖ`Ë
ZvwjKv cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvab Ki‡eb| 22(6L)
(9) 22(6L) aviv Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvab, cwieZ©b I cwigvR©b Kivi ci ev wba©vwiZ mg‡qi
g‡a¨ †Kvb AvcwË bv †c‡j wbeÜK mswkøó cÖwZôv‡bi kªwgK‡ì GKwU †fvUvi ZvwjKv ˆZwi
Ki‡eb| cÖ¯‘ZK…Z †fvUvi ZvwjKvi 1 Kwc K‡i cÖwZ`w›Ø cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK msN I gvwj‡Ki wbKU †fvU
MÖn‡Yi AšÍZ 4 w`b c~‡e© cvVv‡eb| 22 (6M) aviv
(10) 22(6M) aviv Abyhvqx cÖKvwkZ †fvUvi ZvwjKv P~ovšÍ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e Ges ZvwjKvq DwjøwLZ
kªwgKivB gvÎ wmweG wbe©vP†b Ask MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 22(6)aviv
(11) wbeÜ‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K wb‡qvMKZ©v †fvU MÖn‡Yi hveZxq my‡hvM-myweavi eë¯’v MÖnY
Ki‡eb| Z‡e, †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB gvwjKMY †fv‡U n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| 22(7)
(12) †fvU †K‡›`ªi 50 M‡Ri g‡a¨ †Kvb wbe©vPb msµvšÍ cÖPviYv Pvjvb hv‡e bv| 22(8) aviv
(13) 12(8) aviv Abymv‡i wmweG wbe©vP‡bi j‡¶¨ wbeÜK †Mvcb e¨vj‡Ui gva¨‡g †fvU MÖn‡Yi Rb¨
wbeÜK wb‡¤œv³ eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡eb-
(K) wbeÜK †fvU MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL wba©viY Ki‡Z mKj cÖwZØ›Øx kªwgK msN‡K I mswkøó gvwjK‡K Zv
Rvwb‡q w`‡eb;
(L) wZwb †fvU MÖn‡Yi w`b †fvU †K‡›`ª mswkøó mKj cÖwZØ›Øx kªwgK ms‡Ni cÖwZwbwa‡ì
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z e¨vjU ev‡·i gyLeÜ K‡i ¯’vcb Ki‡eb;
(M) wZwb wba©vwiZ †fvU †K‡›`ª †fvU MÖnY Ki‡eb Ges D³ mg‡q mswkøó cÖwZwbwaMY Dcw¯’Z
_vK‡Z cvi‡eb;
(N) †fvU MÖnY †k‡l mKj cÖwZwbwa‡ì Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †fvU ev‡·i gyL Ly‡j †fvU MYbv Ki‡eb;

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(O) †fvU MYbvq m‡e©v”P †fvU cÖvß kªwgK msN‡K wmweG wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Ki‡eb|
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, wmweG wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ mswkøó kªwgK msN‡K D³ cÖwZôvb ev †hŠ_ cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©iZ
kªwgK‡ì AšÍZ GK Z…Zxqvsk †fvU †c‡Z n‡e| hw` G kZ© c~iY bv K‡i; Z‡e, D³ kªwgK m½‡K wmweG
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv |
(14) 22 avivi 9 Dcaviv Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ wmweG †NvlYv nevi ci †_‡K 2 ermi ch©šÍ envj _vK‡e| G
mg‡qi g‡a¨ wmweG wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb A‡jvPbv wbeÜK MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv ev Ki‡e bv|
22(10) aviv
†hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `‡ji ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx (Rights and Powers of Collective
Bargaining Agent) t
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 22(11) I 22(12) avivq wmweG Gi ¶gZv I AwaKvi m¤ú‡K©
wb‡gœ ewY©Z weavb¸‡jv i‡q‡Q-
(1) †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j wbR gh©v`v ¶zYœ bv K‡i GB Aa¨v‡`‡ki Aax‡b AvbxZ †h †Kvb
AvBbMZ eë¯’vq †mme †¶‡Î wb‡R‡K AšÍfy©³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e †mme †¶‡Î kªwgK msN wn‡m‡e A_ev
†h †dWv‡ik‡bi †m m`m¨ †m †dWv‡ik‡bi ¯^c‡¶ †m wb‡RB c¶f~³ n‡q Av‡Q| 22(11) aviv|
(2) AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 22(12) aviv Abyhvqx †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa mswkøó cÖwZôv‡b ev †hŠ_ cÖwZôv‡b
wbgœiƒc AwaKvi i‡q‡Q-
(K) mswkøó cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì PvKzwi, PvKzwi _vKv ev bv _vKv, PvKzwi ev Kv‡Ri kZ©
msµvšÍ welqmg~n wb‡q wb‡qvM KZ©v e wb‡qvM KZ©v‡ì mv‡_ †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl Pvjv‡Z cvi‡e;
(L) †h †Kvb Kvh©µ‡g mKj kªwg‡Ki A_ev †h ‡Kvb GKRb kªwg‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cvi‡e;
(M) G Aa¨v‡`‡ki weavb g‡Z ag©N‡Ui WvK †`qv I ag©NU Pvwj‡q hvIqv; Ges
(N) †h †Kvb Kj¨vYKi ms¯’v ev cÖwf‡WÛ dv‡Ûi, Profit Share Act Abymv‡i MwVZ IqvKvm©
cvwU©wm‡ckb dvÛ Ges Uªvw÷ †ev‡W© kªwgK‡ì cÖwZwbwa ‡cÖiY Kiv|
GKvwaK cÖwZôvb mgwš^Z ms¯’vi Rb¨ wmweG t 1970 mv‡ji 19 bs ms‡kvabx Av‡`k e‡j wmweG
wba©vi‡Yi †¶‡Î 12(K) avivwU hy³ n‡q‡Q|
bZzb G ms‡kva‡bi weavb e‡j GKB gvwj‡Ki Aaxb wkí cÖwZôv‡b G‡Ki AwaK kªwgK msN _vK‡j ‡h
†Kvb wbewÜZ kªwgK msN cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© c~iY _vK‡j wba©vwiZ KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU wba©vwiZ wbq‡g H
cÖwZôv‡bi me kvLvi Rb¨ wmweG wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ nevi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| KZ©„c¶ Av‡e`b
cvevi ci h_vh_ wePvi we‡kølYc~e©K GKwU kªwgK msN‡K wmweG †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Giƒc †NvlYvi ci
mswk- ó cÖwZôv‡b Ab¨ †Kvb kªwgK msN wmweG wn‡m‡e Avi Kvh©µg Pvjv‡Z cvi‡e bv|
†PK Ad t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 23 aviv‡Z †PK A‡di weavb i‡q‡Q| G avivi weavb e‡j †Kvb wmweG
Aby‡iva Ki‡j †h †Kvb gvwjK Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨ Zv‡ì †eZb †_‡K
mswkøó †UªW BDwbq‡bi Znwe‡j wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv Puv`v wn‡m‡e gRyix †_‡K †K‡U ivL‡Z cvi‡e|

eëmvq AvBb
gvwjK KZ©„K Giƒc KwZ©Z UvKv cieZ©x 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ mswk- ó kªwgK ms‡Ni wnmv‡e Rgv Ki‡Z n‡e|
mswk- ó BDwbqb ev kªwgK msN PvB‡j Pvu`vi UvKv wVKgZ KvUv n‡”Q wKbv Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges G
†¶‡Î gvwjK c~Y© my‡hvM `vb Ki‡eb| Z‡e, ïaygvÎ kªwgK msNfy³ kªwgK‡ì †_‡KB Giƒc Puv`v eve`
UvKv gRywi †_‡K KvUv hv‡e| 23 avivi weavb Abyhvqx GUv †UK Ad e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 22(11) I 22(12) avivq wmweG Gi ¶gZv I AwaKvi m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1970 mv‡ji 19 bs ms‡kvabx Av‡`k e‡j wmweG wba©vi‡Yi †¶‡Î 12(K) avivwU
hy³ n‡q‡Q| AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 23 aviv‡Z †PK A‡di weavb i‡q‡Q| G avivi weavb e‡j †Kvb wmweG
Aby‡iva Ki‡j †h †Kvb gvwjK Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì kªwgK ms‡Ni m`m¨ Zv‡ì †eZb †_‡K
mswkøó †UªW BDwbq‡bi Znwe‡j wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv Puv`v wn‡m‡e gRyix †_‡K †K‡U ivL‡Z cvi‡e|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
†hŠ_ Av‡jvPbv, mvwjkx I ga¨¯ÍZv

(Joint Consultation, Consultation and Mediation)
D‡Ïk¨
IqvK©m KvDwÝ‡ji MVb I Kvqv©ejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
kvwjkx Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
ga¨¯’ZvKvixi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
IqvK©m KvDwÝj (Works Cocencil) t †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b 50 Rb ev Zvi †ekx kªwgK Kg©iZ _vK‡j
A_ev cieZ©x 12 gv‡mi gv‡a¨ ‡h †Kvb GK w`b Kg©iZ _vK‡j D³ cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡qvMKZ©v wba©vwiZ
c×wZ‡Z kªwgK I gvwjK Dfq c‡¶i mgš^‡q GKwU IqvK©vm KvDwÝj MVb Ki‡eb| Z‡e, D³ KwgwUi
m`m¨ msL¨v Dfqc‡¶i †_‡K mgvb msL¨K m`m¨ n‡Z n‡e|
hw` †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b GKvwaK kªwgK msN _v‡K †m †¶‡Î wmweG kªwgK‡ì cÖwZwbwa wba©viY Ki‡e| Z‡e,
†hLv‡b wmweG †bB †m †¶‡Î G Aa¨v‡`‡ki weavb e‡j wba©vwiZ weavb g‡Z wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g kªwgK
cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Kiv n‡e| 24(2) aviv|
IqvK©m KvDwÝ‡ji Kvhv©ejx (Funtions of Works Counil) t IqvK©m KvDwÝ‡ji cÖavb KvR n‡jv
kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ †mŠnv`©¨ I DËg m¤úK© m„wó Kiv I Zv eRvq ivLv| Z‡e, AÎ AvB‡bi 25
aviv‡Z IqvK©m KvDwÝ‡ji wbgœewY©Z Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q-
1. kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ mnvbyf~wZ I mg‡SvZvg~jK mym¤úK© eRvq ivLvi †Póv Kiv;
2. kªw gK‡ì PvKzw ii wbivcËvmn Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri wbivcËv e„w × Kiv Ges hv‡Z Zv‡ì ¯^ v ¯’¨ I
PvKzw ii Ae¯’v m‡šÍv lRbK _v‡K †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivLv;
3. cÖwZôv‡bi wfZi e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kiv;
4. cÖwZôv‡bi wfZi DËg I †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© Kg© cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv;
5. cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©iZ kªwgK‡ì †Q‡j-†g‡q‡ì mwP‡ei Kvh©c×wZ I wnmvei¶‡Yi KvR †kLv‡bvi
eë¯’v Kiv Ges Zviv hv‡Z cÖZôv‡bi g‡a¨B PvKzwi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi eë¯’v Kiv; Ges
6. kªwgK-gvwjK mym¤úK© eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ cvi¯úwiK ¯^v_©hy³ Ab¨ †h †Kvb wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
IqvK©vm KvDwÝj ev AskMÖnYKvix KwgwUi mfv (Works Council or Participative Committee’s
Metting) t AskMÖnYKvix KwgwUi mfv Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ 25(K) avivq wb‡gœv³ weavb i‡q‡Q| Av‡jvPbv I
gZ wewbg‡qi Rb¨ cÖwZ `yB gv‡m Aš—Z GKevi wgwjZ n‡q 25 aviv Abyhvqx M„nxZ Kvh©vejx ev¯—evq‡bi
Rb¨ eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e| Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖ‡Z¨K mfvq Kvh©weeiYx 7 w`‡bi g‡a¨ kªg cwiPvj‡Ki I
mvwjwk‡ì wbKU cvVv‡Z n‡e|
wkí we‡iva wb®úwË (Sattlement of Industrial Dispute) t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 26
†_‡K 31 aviv ch©šÍ wkí we‡iva wb®úwË msµvš— AvB‡bi weav‡bi wewfbœ ¯Íi¸‡jvi eY©bv †`qv Av‡Q| G
AvB‡bi weavb g‡Z kªwgK ev gvwj‡Ki c¶ KZ©„K †Kvb wkí we‡iva DÌvcb Ki‡j cÖ_gZ Zv wØ-cvw¶K
Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Zv wb®úwË Ki‡Z n‡e| wØ-cvw¶K Av‡jvPbv e¨_© n‡j ag©NU ev jK AvDU Kiv
hv‡e| Z‡e, GKwU wbw`©ó mgq cvi nevi ci miKvi n¯Í‡¶c K‡i jK AvDU ev ag©NU eÜ K‡i wkí
we‡ivawU wb®úwËi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Z ‡cÖiY Ki‡eb| Av`vjZ wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ D³ wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi
j‡¶¨ †iv‡q`v` ev ivq †NvlYv Ki‡e|

eëmvq AvBb
(1) †hŠ_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv (Joint Consultation) t 26 avivi weavb g‡Z gvwjK c¶ ev wmweG hw`
g‡b K‡i †Kvb wel‡q wkí Ø‡›Øi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q, Z‡e mswkøó c¶ Aci c¶‡K wjwLZfv‡e Zv‡ì
gZvgZ Rvbv‡eb| 26(1) aviv
wjwLZfv‡e Zv‡ì gZvgZ cvevi 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Dfq c¶ Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g we‡iva
wb®úwËi Rb¨ mg‡SvZvq †cŠuQv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡e| 26(2) aviv
hw` Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g we‡iva wb®úwË m¤¢e nq; Z‡e, Dfq c¶ mg‡SvZvq ¯^v¶i Ki‡e;
Ges Abywjwc mvwjk ev Ab¨vb¨ KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU cvVv‡e| 26(3) aviv
(2) mvwjk (Concolitator) t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 27 avivq ejv Av‡Q, AÎ AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨
miKvi †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g hZmsL¨K cÖ‡qvRb mvwjk wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡ib Ges cÖ‡Z¨K
mwj‡ki mxgv I cÖwZôvb wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb|
(3) ag©N‡Ui ‡bvwUk †`qvi c~‡e© mvwjk t Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †Kvb wkí we‡iva wbw`©ó mg‡qi
g‡a¨ e¨_© n‡j Zv‡ì †h †Kvb c¶ wjwLZfv‡e mvwj‡ki wbKU Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Ges mvwj‡ki gva¨‡g
we‡iva wb®úwË Rb¨ Zv‡K wjwLZfv‡e Aby‡iva Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi wjwLZ we‡iva cvevi ci Zv
wb®úwËi Rb¨ mvwjk KvR ïiy Ki‡eb | 27(K) aviv
(4) ag©NU ev jK AvD‡Ui †bvwUk t mvwjk wjwLZ Aby‡iva cvevi 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ D³ wkí we‡iv‡ai
wb®úwË Ki‡eb| hw` 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ mvwjk we‡iva wb®úwË Ki‡Z e¨_© nq Z‡e mswkøó c¶ ag©NU
ev jK AvD‡Ui Rb¨ 21 w`‡bi †bvwUk cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, wZb-PZy_©vsk m`m¨ †Mvcb e¨vj‡Ui gva¨‡g m¤§wZ cÖ`vb bv Ki‡j wmweG
ag©N‡Ui †bvwUk w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| 28 aviv
(5) ag©NU ev jK-AvD‡Ui †bvwUk Rvwii ci mvwjkx t wkí we‡iv‡ai mv‡_ RwoZ †h †Kvb c¶ ag©NU
ev jK AvDU Gi †bvwUk †èvi mv‡_ mv‡_ D³ ag©NU ev jK AvD‡Ui †bvwU‡ki GK Kwc mvwj‡ki
wbKU cvVv‡Z n‡e| Z‡e mvwjk Giƒc ag©NU ev jK AvD‡Ui ‡bvwUk cvevi ciI mwjkx Kvh©µg
ïi“ Ki‡Z ev Pvwj‡q ‡h‡Z cvi‡eb|
G‡¶‡Î mvwjk wbwðZ n‡eb †h, ag©N‡Ui †bvwUk wewam¤§Zfv‡e Rvwi Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv| hw` wewa
m¤§Z bv nq, Z‡e mvwjk Zuvi Kvh©µg bvI Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib| hw` ag©N‡Ui †bvwUk mgÄm¨c~Y© ev
wewam¤§Z bv nq Z‡e mvwjkx Kvh©µg A‰ea e‡j MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
(6) mvwjkx Kvh©µg t mvwjkx Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q-
(K) mvwjk `yB c‡¶i g‡a¨ weivRgvb we‡iva gxgvsmvi Rb¨ hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e mswkøó
c¶mg~‡ni ‰eVK AvnŸvb Ki‡eb| 30(11) aviv
(L) wkí we‡iv‡ai mv‡_ mswkøó c¶mg~‡ni cÖwZwbwaMY mvwjkx mfvq Dcw¯’Z _vK‡eb Ges G
mKj cÖwZwbwa‡ì Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Kivi ¶gZv _vK‡e| Dfq c‡¶i cÖwZwbwa‡ì HK¨g‡Zi
wfwË‡Z mswkøó wkí we‡iva mvwj‡ki gva¨‡g wb®úwË nevi ci Dfq c‡¶i cÖwZwbwaMY
Pyw³‡Z ¯^v¶i `vb Ki‡eb| G mKj Pzw³ mswkøó c¶MY †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ _K‡eb| 30(2)
aviv
(M) we‡iva gxgvsmvi Rb¨ mvwjk wba©vwiZ c×wZ Abyhvqx Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hv‡eb Ges we‡iva wb®úwËi
c‡¶ wbR we‡ePbvq †Kvb c¶‡K ev c¶Øq‡K Zv‡ì wbR wbR `vwe †_‡K wKQz ‡Q‡o †èvi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(4) we‡iva wb®úwË n‡j Zvr¶wYK GKwU wi‡cvU© Ges †m mv‡_ we‡iv‡a RwoZ c¶‡ì cÖwZwbwaMY
KZ©„K ¯^v¶wiZ Av‡cvl Pyw³i GKwU Kwc miKv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡eb| 30(4) aviv
(5) ag©NU ev Zvjve‡Üi Rb¨ RvwiK…Z DwjøwLZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ we‡iva wb®úwË m¤¢e bv n‡j we‡iv‡a wjß
c¶M‡Yi m¤§wZµ‡g mwjkx Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cvi‡eb| 30(3) aviv

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
ga¨¯’Zv (Arbitration) t mvwjkx Kvh©µg e¨_© n‡j mvwjk we‡ivawU wb®úwËi Rb¨ GKRb ga¨¯’Kvixi
wbKU †cÖiY Kivi Rb¨ Dfq c¶‡K Aby‡iva Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| Dfq c¶ ivwR n‡j wkí we‡ivawU wb®úwËi
Rb¨ Zuv‡ì cQ›` gZ GKRb ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU cvV‡bv n‡e| †m‡¶‡Îi Dfq c¶ wjwLZfv‡e mvwjkx‡K
Zuv‡ì cQ›`bxq e¨w³i wbKU bvgmn m¤§wZ Rvwb‡q Av‡e`b Ki‡eb| 31(1)
AÎ AvB‡bi 32(2) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb wkí we‡iva ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU cvVv‡bvi wm×všÍ n‡j D³
ga¨¯’Kvix e¨w³wU miKv‡ii ZvwjKvfy³ e¨w³ A_ev c¶mg~‡ni me©m¤§wZµ‡g cQ›` Abyhvqx †Kvb e¨w³
n‡eb|
30(3) aviv g‡Z wkí we‡ivawU ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU †cÖiY Kiv n‡j we‡ivawU cvevi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ mswk- ó
ga¨¯’Kvix wb®úwË Ki‡eb A_ev we‡ivaRwbZ c¶mg~‡ni m¤§wZµ‡g ewa©Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ D³ we‡iva wb®úwËi
eë¯’v Ki‡eb|
31(4) aviv g‡Z ga¨¯’Kvix we‡ivawUi wel‡q †Kvb wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ n‡j Zvi GK Kwc K‡i mswkøó c¶mg~n‡K
cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Ges GK Kwc miKvi‡K †cÖiY Ki‡eb, hv miKvi KZ…©K †M‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g weÁwß AvKv‡i cÖKvk
Kiv n‡e|
GB AvB‡bi 31(5) avivq Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ga¨¯’Kvix KZ©„K †NvwlZ ivq P~ovš— e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e
Ges Zvi weiy‡× †Kvb AvcxjI Kiv hv‡e bv| ga¨¯’Kvix KZ©„K wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi ivq m‡e©v”P 2 ermi
ejer _vK‡e A_ev ga¨¯’Kvix KZ©„K wba©vwiZ mgq mxgv ch©š— D³ ivq Kvh©Ki _vK‡e|
ag©NU I jK-AvDU (Strike and Lock Out) t 31 aviv Abyhvqx †Kvb wkí we‡ivawU mswkøó c¶MY
ga¨‡¯’i wbKU bv cvVv‡Z ivwR bv n‡j kªwgKMY ag©NU I Ae¯’v Abymv‡i gvwjK c¶ jK-AvD‡Ui †NvlYv
w`‡Z cv‡ib|
A_©vr cÖ`Ë ‡bvwU‡ki mgqKvj †kl nevi ci A_ev 32 avivq Av‡cvl ‡Póv e¨_© nevi ci ag©NU ev jK
AvD‡Ui †NvlYv †`qv hv‡e| Z‡e, †Kvb ag©NU ev jK-AvDU 30 w`‡bi ‡ekx Pj‡Z _vK‡j miKvi wjwLZ
†bvwUk Rvwii gva¨‡g ag©NU ev jK-AvDU eÜ †NvlYv K‡i we‡ivawU wb®úwËi Rb¨ kªg Av`vj‡Z †cÖiY
Ki‡eb| kªg A`vjZ mswkøó c‡¶i ïbvwbi ci 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ ivq †NvlYv Ki‡eb, hv †NvwlZ mgq mxgv
ch©šÍ A_ev AbwaK 2 ermiKvj ch©šÍ Kvh©Ki _vK‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
†h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b 50 Rb ev Zvi †ekx kªwgK Kg©iZ _vK‡j A_ev cieZ©x 12 gv‡mi gv‡a¨ ‡h †Kvb GK
w`b Kg©iZ _vK‡j D³ cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡qvMKZ©v wba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z kªwgK I gvwjK Dfq c‡¶i mgš^‡q
GKwU IqvK©vm KvDwÝj MVb Ki‡eb| IqvK©m KvDwÝ‡ji cÖavb KvR n‡jv kªwgK I gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨
†mŠnv`©¨ I DËg m¤úK© m„wó Kiv I Zv eRvq ivLv| mvwjkx Kvh©µg e¨_© n‡j mvwjk we‡ivawU wb®úwËi
Rb¨ GKRb ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU †cÖiY Kivi Rb¨ Dfq c¶‡K Aby‡iva Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| Dfq c¶ ivwR
n‡j wkí we‡ivawU wb®úwËi Rb¨ Zuv‡ì cQ›` gZ GKRb ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU cvV‡bv n‡e| 31 aviv
Abyhvqx †Kvb wkí we‡ivawU mswkøó c¶MY ga¨‡¯’i wbKU bv cvVv‡Z ivwR bv n‡j kªwgKMY ag©NU I Ae¯’v
Abymv‡i gvwjK c¶ jK-AvD‡Ui †NvlYv w`‡Z cv‡ib|

eëmvq AvBb
ag©NU I Zvjve×
(Strike and Lockout)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb wbgœwjwLZ welq¸wj Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb:
ag©NU I Zvjve‡×i msÁv;
ag©NU I Zvjve‡×i êwkó¨;
ag©NU I Zvjve‡×i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨;
ag©NU I Zvjve× m¤ú©‡K AvB‡bi weavb;
KLb ag©NU I Zvjve× †eAvBwb n‡e; Ges
†eAvBbx ag©NU I Zvjve‡×i kvw¯Í|
ag©N‡Ui msÁv t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤ú©K Aa¨v`‡ki 2(T) aviv Abyhvqx ag©NU ej‡Z †Kvb wk‡í wbhy³
GK `j e¨w³ hw` GK‡hv‡M KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i A_ev KvR Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡qvwRZ wKQz msL¨K
e¨w³ wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ mvaviY mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g D³ KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i; Z‡e Zv, ag©NU e‡j MY¨
n‡e|
Avgiv DcwiD³ msÁvwU we‡kølY Ki‡j, ‡`L‡Z cve ‡h, †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvwi‡ì wb‡æv³ KvR¸‡jv
ag©N‡Ui AšÍfy©³ n‡e-
(1) †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ GK`j Kg©Pvwi KZ…©K GK‡Î Zv‡ì KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKv;
(2) cÖwZôv‡b KvR Kivi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb msL¨K Kg©Pvwi KZ©…K `je×fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi
Kiv; A_ev
(3) †h †Kvb msL¨K e¨w³ KZ©…K mvaviYZ mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g PvKyix MÖnY ev KvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z A¯^xKvi
Kiv|
kªwgK‡ì ag©N‡Ui j¶¨ n‡jv Zv‡ì `vwe¸‡jv Av`vq Kivi Rb¨ gvwjK c‡¶i Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv|
ZvB, wKQz msL¨K e¨w³ GK‡hv‡M KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡jB Zv ag©NU|
ZvjveÜ (Lock-out) t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2(S) avivq ZvjveÜ ej‡Z gvwjK KZ©…K
Kg©‡¶Î eÜ ivLv A_ev Gi †h †Kvb Ask eÜ Kiv A_ev mvgwqKfv‡e †Kvb KvR ¯’wMZ ivLv A_ev †Kvb
wkí we‡iva m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wel‡qi mwnZ mswkøó nevi Rb¨ gvwjK KZ©„K Abyiƒc mvgwqK ev m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
eÜK…Z cÖwZôv‡b mvgwMÖKfv‡e A_ev kZ© mv‡c‡¶ kªwgK‡ì‡K Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kiv
A_ev PvKzwi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb kZ© ev kZ©vejx MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ kªwgK‡ì‡K eva¨ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvwjK KZ©„K
cÖwZôvb eÜ Kiv, mvgwqK fv‡e eÜ Kiv A_ev Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kiv‡K jK-AvDU ev
ZvjveÜ e‡j|
Dc‡ii msÁv we‡kølY Ki‡j wbgœiƒc ‰ewkó¨¸‡jv cvIqv hvq :
(1) gvwjK Øviv wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©‡¶Î AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y© eÜ ivLv; A_ev
(2) gvwjK KZ©„K †Kvb KvR mvgwqKfv‡e eÜ ivLv; A_ev
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(3) wkí we‡iv‡ai mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z nevi Ki‡Y D³ iƒc eÜ ivLv; A_ev
(4) PvKzwii mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ †Kvb kZ© ev kZ©vejx kªwgK‡ì Øviv MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ Kivi Rb¨ gvwjK
cÖwZôvb eÜ ivL‡e; A_ev Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z w`‡Z evav`vb Ki‡e|
AZGe, GUv ejv hvq ‡h, Zvjv e‡Üi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv kªwgK‡ì Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwjK c‡¶i
B”Qv c~iY Kiv| Z‡e, Giƒc eÜ hw` KuvPvgvj ev hš¿cvwZi ev g~ja‡bi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y nq, Z‡e Zvjv eÜ
ejv hv‡e bv|
ag©NU I Zvjv e‡Üi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ t hwÌ ag©NU I ZvjveÜ DfqB wkí we‡iva m¤úwK©Z Z_vwcI ag©NU I
Zvjv e‡Üi g‡a¨ wbgœiƒc cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q -
(1) ag©NU n‡jv kªwgK‡ì KZ©…K gvwjK‡ì Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv| c¶všÍ‡i Zvjv eÜ nj gvwjK KZ©…K
kªwgK‡ì Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv|
(2) ag©N‡Ui †¶‡Î kªwgKMY ci¯úi mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi Kiv; c¶všÍ‡i, Zvjv
e‡Üi †¶‡Î gvwjK KZ…©K †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©iZ e¨w³‡ì‡K KvR Ki‡Z w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kiv|
(3) kªwgK‡ì KZ©…K ag©NU n‡Z n‡j KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKvi wm×v¯Í cwi®‹vifv‡e †NvlYv w`‡Z n‡e|
c¶všÍ‡i gwjK KZ…©K ZvjveÜ n‡Z n‡j †Kvb gvwjK KviLvbv †Kb eÜ ivL‡Q Zvi KviY
my¯úófv‡e Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
(4) Zvjv eÜ I ag©NU DfqB AvBb Øviv mgw_©Z, Z‡e ag©NU Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv kªwgK‡ì `vwe Av`v‡qi
Rb¨ gvwjK‡K Pvc †`qv, c¶všÍ‡i Zvjve‡Üi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv gvwjK KZ…©K kªwgK‡ì Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM
K‡i gvwjK‡ì B”Qv c~iY Kiv|
ag©NU I Zvjv eÜ msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb t 27 (K) aviv g‡Z gvwjK c¶ I wmweG wØcvw¶K Av‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g †Kvb wkí we‡iva mgvavb Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡j 27 aviv Abyhvqx mvwj‡ki wbKU †cÖiY Kivi Rb¨ †h
†Kvb c¶ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
(1) 28 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mvwjk`vi hw` Aby‡iva cvevi 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ we‡iva mgvavb Ki‡Z
AcviM nb, †m‡¶‡Î gvwjK c¶ kªwgK c‡¶i cÖwZ I kªwgK c¶ gvwjK c‡¶i cÖwZ h_vµ‡g 21
w`‡bi ZvjveÜ ev ag©N‡Ui †bvwUk Rvwi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Z‡e, ag©N‡Ui †¶‡Î 3/4 Ask kªwgK
†Mvcb ‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g ag©N‡Ui cÖwZ mg_©b Ávcb bv Ki‡j wmweG ag©NU Gi †bvwUk cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e bv|
(2) 29 avivq ejv Av‡Q †h, ZvjveÜ ev ag©NU Rwii †bvwU‡ki GK Kwc mvwj‡ki wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges wZwb cÖ‡qvR‡b mvwjwki KvR ïiy Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e, wZwb ag©NU wewa Abymv‡i n‡q‡Q
wK bv Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb| hw` wewa m¤§Zfv‡e bv nq Z‡e mvwjkx Kvh©µg ïiy Ki‡eb bv ev
ïiy Ki‡jI Zv A‰ea e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i|
(3) mvwjkx e¨_© n‡j wZwb Dfq c¶‡K Zv‡ì cQ›`gZ GKRb ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU welqwU †cÖiY Kivi
Rb¨ ivwR Ki‡Z †Póv Kiv‡Z cv‡i| ivwR n‡j we‡ivawU gxgvsmvi Rb¨ ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU †cÖiY
Ki‡j wZwb 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Dfq c‡¶i e³e¨ kªe‡Yi ci Zvi ivq †NvlYv Ki‡eb| G ivq ev
†iv‡q`vZ P~ovšÍ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e Ges Gi GK Kwc K‡i mswkøó c¶ I miKv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY

eëmvq AvBb
Ki‡eb| G iv‡qi weiy‡× †Kvb cÖKvi Avcxj Pj‡e bv| wZwb ivqwU †M‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖKvk
Ki‡eb| †iv‡q`v‡ii Kvh©µg ga¨¯’Kvix KZ©„K wbav©wiZ mgq ch©šÍ A_ev Gi AeZ©gv‡b AbwaK 2
ermi ch©šÍ envj _vK‡e|
(4) 32 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mswkøó c¶mg~n ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU we‡ivawU cvVv‡Z m¤§Z bv n‡j
kªwgKMY ag©NU I gvwjKMY Zvjve‡Üi †bvwU‡ki mgq †kl nevi ci A_ev mvwj‡ki e¨_©Zv
†NvlYvi ci (†hUv c‡i N‡U) Ae¯’v Abymv‡i wmweG ag©NU ev gvwjKMY ZvjveÜ Kvh©µg ïiy Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ Kvh©µg 30 w`b AwZµvšÍ n‡j, miKvi ag©NU ev Zvjve‡Üi Kvh©µg eÜ
†NvlYv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges eÜ †NvlYvi mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡ivawU kªg Av`vj‡Z †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e
kZ© _v‡K †h, miKvi hw` Gai‡bi ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ Rb¯^v‡_©i weiy‡× e‡j g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e, 30
w`‡bi c~‡e©I Zv n¯Í‡¶c ev eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(5) miKvi ag©NU ev Zvjve‡Üi Dci n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡j wkí we‡ivawU mv‡_ mv‡_ kªg Av`vj‡Z cvVv‡Z
n‡e| kªg Av`vjZ wkí we‡ivawU cvevi ci Dfq c‡¶i ïbvbx MÖnY c~e©K 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ D³
wel‡q †iv‡q`v` †NvlYv Ki‡eb| Z‡e, 60 w`b AwZevwnZ nevi ci †Kvb †iv‡q`v` †NvlYv Ki‡j
Zv A‰ea n‡e bv| Av`vjZ KZ©„K ‡e‡a †`qv mgq A_ev Av`vjZ mgqmxgv wba©viY bv K‡i w`‡j 2
ermi ch©š‘ D³ †iv‡q`v` Kvh©Ki _vK‡e| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ D³ wel‡q Avi bZyb K‡i †Kvb we‡iva
DÌvcb Kiv hv‡ebv|
RbKj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôv†b ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤§K© Aa¨v‡`‡ki Zdwmj Abyhvqx wbgœ
wjwLZ cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K Rb Kj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôvb e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq-
(1) Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ cvwb, M¨vm, we`y¨r, †Zj Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb;
(2) Rbmvavi‡Yi gqjv wb®‹vkb ev ¯^v¯’¨ msi¶YKvix †h †Kvb ms¯’v;
(3) nvmcvZvj I G¨v¤^y‡jÝ RvZxq ‡mev;
(4) AwMœ wbe©vcYKvix ms¯’v:
(5) WvK I Zvi RvZxq ms¯’v;
(6) wegvb I †ijI‡q ms¯’v;
(7) e›ì;
(8) †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b cÖnix I wbivcËv mvwf©m|
RbKj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôv‡b ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ msµvšÍ wel‡q GB Aa¨v‡`‡ki 33 avivq wbgœ ewY©Z weavb
i‡q‡Q;
(1) RbKj¨vYg~jK †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b ag©NU ïiyi c~‡e©B miKvi Zv wjwLZ wb‡`©‡ki gva¨‡g eÜ K‡i w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
(2) miKvi Giƒc eÜ †NvlYvi mv‡_ mv‡_ D³ wkí we‡ivawU kªg Av`vj‡Z ‡cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
(3) kªg Av`vjZ D³ we‡ivawU cvevi ci Dfq c‡¶i e³e¨ kªeY K‡i hZ wkMÖm¤¢e, Z‡e 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ ivq
†`‡eb|
(4) D³ ivq Av`vjZ KZ©„K wba©vwiZ mgq ch©š‘ A_ev Giƒc mgq wbav©iY bv _vK‡j m‡e©v”P 2 ermi
ch©šÍ Kvh©Ki _vK‡e|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
†h †h Ae¯’vq ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ Pvjvb wbwl×: ‡eAvBbx ag©NU (Illegal Strike) t G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2(12)
aviv g‡Z †e-AvBbx ag©NU n‡”Q G Aa¨v‡`‡ki weavb ewn©f~Z Dcv‡q †h ag©NU †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q ev Pvwj‡q
hvIqv n‡”Q|
†e-AvBbx ZvjveÜ (Illegal Lock-out) t G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2(11) aviv Abymv‡i †e-AvBbx jK-AvDU n‡jv
G Aa¨v‡`‡ki cÖ`Ë weavb jsNb K‡i ‡h jK-AvDU †NvwlZ ev ïiy Kiv n‡q‡Q ev Pvwj‡q hvIqv n‡”Q|
†h mKj †¶‡Î ag©NU ev jK AvDU †eAvBbx n‡e t wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 46 aviv g‡Z wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î
ag©NU ev jK-AvDU †eAvBbx n‡e, hw`-
(1) we‡iv‡ai mv‡_ RwoZ GK c‡¶i Dci wba©vwiZ wbq‡g ag©NU ev jK-AvD‡Ui †bvwUk cÖ`vb bv Ki‡j
A_ev ag©NU ev jK-AvD‡Ui c~‡e© †bvwU‡k ag©NU ev jK-AvD‡Ui welq D‡jøL bv Ki‡j A_ev G
Aa¨v‡`‡ki 44 aviv f½ K‡i hw` Zv †NvwlZ, ïiy ev Pvwj‡q hvIqv nq| 44 aviv‡Z ejv Av‡Q †Kvb
mvwjkx Kvh©µg Pjv Ae¯’vq A_ev ga¨¯’ ev kªg A`vj‡Zi wbKU ev UªvBeybv‡j Avcxj Av‡e`b wn‡m‡e
mswkøó wkí we‡iva ïbvbx PjvKv‡j D³ wkí we‡iva m¤úwK©Z wel‡q ag©NU ev jK AvD‡Ui †bvwUk
†`qv ïiy Kiv ev Pvwj‡q hvIqv A‰ea|
(2) 43 aviv Abymv‡i wba©vwiZ cš’vq †Kvb wkí we‡iva DÌvcb bv K‡i Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e DÌvcb Kiv n‡j
Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i †Kvb ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ †NvwlZ n‡j, ïiy Kiv n‡j ev Pvwj‡q hvIqv n‡j Zv
A‰ea| 43 aviv‡Z Avi ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wmweG ev gvwjK c¶ wbw`©ó cš’vq wkí we‡iva DÌvcb bv
Ki‡j Zv wkí we‡iv‡ai D™¢e n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e bv|
(3) wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 33 A_ev 45 aviv g‡Z cÖ`Ë Av‡`k Agvb¨ K‡i ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ Pvwj‡q
†M‡j Zv A‰ea e‡j MY¨ n‡e| 33 aviv g‡Z Rb Kj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î miKvi wjwLZ
weÁwßi gva¨‡g ag©NU ev jK-AvDU ïiy nevi c~‡e©B Zv wbwl× †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
45 aviv e‡j †Kvb wkí we‡iva hLb kªg Av`vj‡Z †Kvb ïbvwb P‡j ev Avcxj UªvBeybv‡j Avcxj
we‡ePbv Pj‡Q, ZLb wjwLZ Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i kªg Av`jZ ev wkí UªvBeybvj ag©NU I ZvjveÜ wbwl×
†NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(4) †Kvb wkí we‡iv‡ai wel‡q gxgvsmv ev †ev‡q`v` Kvh©Ki _vKv Ae¯’vq D³ wkí we‡iva‡K †K›`ª K‡i
†Kvb ag©NU ev jK-AvDU †NvwlZ n‡j, ïiy n‡j ev Pvwj‡q hvIqv n‡j Zv A‰ea e‡j MY¨ Kiv
n‡e|
(5) †Kvb †eAvBbx ag©N‡Ui wecix‡Z †NvwlZ ZvjveÜ ev †Kvb †e-AvBbx Zvjve‡Üi wecix‡Z ag©N‡Ui
†NvlYv A‰ea e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
(6) AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 32(2) aviv g‡Z †Kvb ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ 30 w`‡bi †ekx _vK‡j miKvi wjwLZ
wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡i Pjgvb ag©NU I ZvjveÜ wbwl× †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GQvovI miKvi hw` g‡b
K‡i †h, †Kvb ag©NU ev jK AvD‡Ui d‡j Rb¯^v_© ev RvZxq ¯^v_© e¨vnZ n‡”Q ZLb miKvi B”Qv
Ki‡j ag©NU ev jK-AvDU 30 w`b AwZevwnZ nevi c‡e©I Zv eÜ †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
45 aivi weavb Abyhvqx wbgœwjwLZ Ae¯’v‡ZI ag©NU ev jK-AvDU wbwl× e‡j MY¨ n‡e t
(1) †Kvb wkí we‡iv‡ai wel‡q 34 aviv Abyhvqx †Kvb A‡`k`v‡bi ïbvbx Kv‡j D³ we‡iva‡K ‡K›`ª
K‡i †Kvb Ng©NU ev jvK-AvDU n‡j ev Pj‡Z _vK‡j kªg A`vjZ Zv wbwl× †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

eëmvq AvBb
(2) †Kvb wkí we‡iva m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Avcxj 38 aviv g‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ n‡j Ges D³ Dc¯’vc‡bi Zvwi‡L
D³ we‡iva‡K †K›`ª K‡i †Kvb ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ Kiv n‡j ev Zv Pj‡Z _vK‡j kªg Avcxj UªvBeybvj
wjwLZ †bvwUk Rvwi K‡i D³ ag©NU ev ZvjveÜ wbwl× †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) †Kvb wkí we‡iva †Kvb kªg Av`vj‡Z ev kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡j ïbvbx Pjv Ae¯’vq †Kvb ag©NU ev
ZvjveÜ ïiy n‡q _vK‡j Zv 44 aviv Abymv‡i †eAvBbx e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
†eAvBbx ag©NU ev Zvjve‡Üi Rb¨ kvw¯Í t wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 57 avivq †eAvBbx ag©NU ev Zvjve‡Üi
Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ `‡Ûi weavb i‡q‡Q;
(1) †Kvb kªwgK †e-AvBbxfv‡e †Kvb ag©NU ïiy Ki‡j, Pvjv‡Z _vK‡j ev Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡q †eABbx
ag©NU‡K mnvqZv Ki‡j Zvi Rb¨ Qq gvm ch©šÍ †Rj A_ev 200 UvKv Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq cÖKvi
`‡Û `wÛZ n‡e|
(2) †Kvb gvwjK hw` †eAvBbx ZvjveÜ ïiy K‡i, Pvjv‡Z _v‡K ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i, Zvn‡j
GK erm‡ii †Rj ev 5000 UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq cÖKvi `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e| Gai‡bi Aciva
Ae¨vnZ ivL‡j Zvjve‡Üi 2q w`b †_‡K cÖwZw`b 200 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Kiv n‡e|
†e-AvBbx ag©NU ev †e-AvBbx jK AvD‡Ui Rb¨ D¯‹vbx †Ìqv kvw¯Í †hvM¨ Aciva| AÎ AvB‡bi 58 aviv
g‡Z †Kvb †eAvBbx ag©NU ev Zvjve‡Ü kixK Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³ KvD‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡j ev D¯‹vwb
w`‡j ev D‡ËwRZ Ki‡j ev G D‡Ï‡k¨ A_© †hvMvb w`‡j ev Ab¨ †h †Kvbfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡j 6 gvm
ch©šÍ Kviv`Û ev 1000 UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤ú©K Aa¨v`‡ki 2(T) aviv Abyhvqx ag©NU ej‡Z †Kvb wk‡í wbhy³ GK `j e¨w³
hw` GK‡hv‡M KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i A_ev KvR Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡qvwRZ wKQz msL¨K e¨w³ wb‡R‡ì
g‡a¨ mvaviY mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g D³ KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i; Z‡e Zv, ag©NU e‡j MY¨ n‡e| 1969
mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2(S) avivq ZvjveÜ ej‡Z gvwjK KZ©…K Kg©‡¶Î eÜ ivLv A_ev Gi †h
†Kvb Ask eÜ Kiv A_ev mvgwqKfv‡e †Kvb KvR ¯’wMZ ivLv A_ev †Kvb wkí we‡iva m¤úwK©Z †Kvb
wel‡qi mwnZ mswkøó nevi Rb¨ gvwjK KZ©„K Abyiƒc mvgwqK ev m¤ú~Y©fv‡e eÜK…Z cÖwZôv‡b mvgwMÖKfv‡e
A_ev kZ© mv‡c‡¶ kªwgK‡ì‡K Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kiv A_ev PvKzwi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb kZ©
ev kZ©vejx MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ kªwgK‡ì‡K eva¨ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvwjK KZ©„K cÖwZôvb eÜ Kiv, mvgwqK fv‡e
eÜ Kiv A_ev Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kiv‡K jK-AvDU ev ZvjveÜ e‡j| G Aa¨v‡`‡ki
2(12) aviv g‡Z †e-AvBbx ag©NU n‡”Q G Aa¨v‡`‡ki weavb ewn©f~Z Dcv‡q †h ag©NU †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q ev
Pvwj‡q hvIqv n‡”Q| G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2(11) aviv Abymv‡i †e-AvBbx jK-AvDU n‡jv G Aa¨v‡`‡ki cÖ`Ë
weavb jsNb K‡i ‡h jK-AvDU †NvwlZ ev ïiy Kiv n‡q‡Q ev Pvwj‡q hvIqv n‡”Q|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
kªg Av`vjZ, kªg Avcxj UªvBeybvj, `Û I Kvh©wewa

(Labour Court, Labour Appliate Tribunal, Panalties and Procedures)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb-
kªg Av`vj‡Zi MVb, ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
kªg Av`vj‡Zi Kvh© c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡ji MVb, ¶gZv I Kvh©ejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
G Aa¨v‡`k Abymv‡i `Û I Kvh©wewa m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
kªg Av`vjZ (Labour Court) t wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi j‡¶¨ †h Av`vjZ MVb Kiv nq, ZvB kªg
Av`vjZ| wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k 1969 Gi weavb Abymv‡i miKvi †h mKj Av`vjZ MVb K‡i, Zv‡K kªg
Av`vjZ e‡j|
kªg Av`vj‡Zi MVb t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 35 avivq kªg Av`vj‡Zi MVb msµvšÍ wbgœiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q -
miKvi †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g wbR we‡ePbvq hZ msL¨K cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib, ZZUv kªg Av`vjZ
MVb K‡i Zv‡ì wbR wbR AvÂwjK GLwZqvi wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb| 35(1) aviv
(2) kªg Av`vjZ GKRb †Pqvig¨vb, whwb miKvi KZ©„K wb‡qvwRZ n‡eb Ges Zv‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨
kªwgK I gvwjK Dfq c‡¶i 1 Rb K‡i ‡gvU 2 Rb m`m¨ _vK‡e| 35(2) aviv
(3) nvB‡Kv‡Ui wePvicwZ ev AwZwi³ wePvicwZ ev †Rjv ev AwZwi³ †Rjv RR c‡` AwawôZ Av‡Qb ev
wQ‡jb A_ev Abyiƒc c‡` wb‡qvM cvevi †hvM¨Zv iv‡Lb, Ggb †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ e¨w³ e¨wZZ Ab¨
KvD‡K kªg Av`vj‡Zi †Pqvig¨vb wb‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv|
(4) wba©vwiZ c×wZ I k‡Z©, kªwgK I gvwjK Dfq c‡¶i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i kªg Av`vj‡Zi m`m¨
wb‡qvM Kiv n‡e| 35(4) aviv
kªg Av`vj‡Zi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 35(5) aviv Abyhvqx kªg A`vj‡Zi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx
wbgœiƒc:
(1) kªg Av`vj‡Zi wbKU DÌvwcZ wkí we‡iv‡ai wePvi I ivq w`‡eb|
(2) †Kvb wel‡q gxgvsmvi kZ©¸‡jv Kvh©Ki Kiv ev f½ Kiv msµvšÍ †h †Kvb wel‡q miKvi Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡j, †m m¤ú‡K© AbymÜvbc~e©K wePvi Ki‡eb|
(3) G Aa¨v‡`k Abymv‡i †Kvb Aciva Ki‡j ev miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ †h †Kvb AvBb
Abymv‡i K…Z Aciv‡ai wePvi Ki‡eb|
(4) G Aa¨v‡`k Abymv‡i ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb Abymv‡i Awc©Z ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb Ges `vwqZ¡ cvjb
Ki‡eb|
(5) 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb ev 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡b hvB ejv _vKzK bv
†Kb, miKvi †M‡RU cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g kªg Av`j‡Zi DcwiD³ AvBb Abymv‡i †h‡Kvb ¶gZv

eëmvq AvBb
cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwaKvi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges mswkøó AvBb e‡j kªg Av`vjZ D³ ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
(6) kªg Av`vj‡Zi †Kvb m`m¨ Dcw¯’Z bv _vK‡j Av`vjZ h_vixwZ KvR K‡i †h‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
G‡¶‡Î Av`vj‡Zi †Kvb ivq ev Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© êaZvi cÖkœ DVv‡bv hv‡e bv|
(7) G Aa¨v‡`k Abyhvqx †Kvb Aciva wePv‡ii †¶‡Î kªg Av`vjZ 1898 mv‡ji †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewai
Aax‡b 1g †kªYxi g¨wR‡÷ªU Av`vj‡Zi mKj ¶gZv †fvM Ki‡eb| Z‡e kªg Av`vj†Zi cÖ`Ë
`Ûv‡`‡ki weiy‡× Avcxj Kivi mgq G Av`vjZ‡K †mmb Av`vj‡Zi mggh©v`v e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
kªg Av`vj‡Zi Kvh©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© AvB‡bi weavb (36 aviv) t

(K) G Aa¨v‡`‡ki weavb mv‡c‡¶ kªg Av`vjZ h_v m¤¢e †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa‡Z ewY©Z msw¶ß c×wZ AbymiY
Ki‡eb|
(L) wkí we‡iva wePvi I wb®úwËi †¶‡Î kªg Av`vjZ †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Zi mggh©v`v †fvM Ki‡eb Ges
†Ìqvbx Kvh©wewa Abymv‡i H mKj Av`vjZ‡K †h mKj ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q, wbgœewY©Z¸‡jvmn
Zv meB kªg Av`vj‡Zi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e;
(1) †Kvb e¨w³‡K Av`vj‡Z Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv Ges kc_bvgv cvV Kiv‡q mv¶¨ MÖnY Kiv;
(2) cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjj I KvMR cÎ Av`vj‡Z nvwRi Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv;
(3) mv¶¨ I `wjjcÎ cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ Kwgkb MVb Kiv; Ges
(4) †Kvb c¶ Av`vj‡Z nvwRi bv n‡jI GKZidv fv‡e Av`j‡Zi ivq cÖ`vb Kiv|
kªg Av`vj‡Zi ivq I wm×všÍ t

(1) kªg Av`vjZ †h ivq I wm×všÍ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb †mwU wjwLZ I Zv Av`vj‡Z cÖKv‡k¨ †NvwlZ n‡Z n‡e|
ivq I wm×v‡šÍi 2 Kwc miKv‡ii wbKU cvVv‡Z n‡e| 30(1) aviv
miKvi kªg Av`vjZ KZ©„K †cÖwiZ ivq I wm×v‡šÍi Kvwc cvevi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Zv miKvwi †M‡R‡U cÖKvk
Ki‡eb| 37(2) aviv
G avivi 1 Dcaviv g‡Z †Kvb c¶ kªg Av`vjZ KZ©„K †NvwlZ ivq ev wm×v‡šÍi e¨vcv‡i ¶wZMÖ¯’ e‡j g‡b
Ki‡j ¶wZMÖ¯’ c¶ ivq cÖ`v‡bi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡j Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| G
Avcx‡ji e¨vcv‡i kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡ji wm×všÍ P~ovšÍ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| 37(4) aviv
kªg Avcxj UªvBeybvj (Labour Appliate Tribunal) t kªg Avcxj UªvBeybvj m¤ú‡K© 38 avivq wb‡gœv³
weavb i‡q‡Q-
(1) kªg Avcxj UªvBeybvj 1 Rb gvÎ m`m¨ wb‡q MwVZ n‡e Ges miKvi †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g Zv‡K
wb‡qvM w`‡eb| 38(1)
(2) kªg Avcxj UªvBeybvj Gi m`m¨ Ggb e¨w³ n‡eb whwb †Kvb nvB‡Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ wQ‡jb ev Av‡Qb
Ges Zvi wb‡qv‡Mi kZ©vw` miKvi KZ©„K wba©vwiZ n‡e|
UªvBeybv‡ji ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx t wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 83 (3) aviv Abymv‡i kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡j
†ckK„Z Avcxj we‡kølYc~e©K kªg Av`vjZ KZ©„K †iv‡q`v` envj ev evwZj A_ev ms‡kvab Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Ges Avi †Kvb weKí cš’v bv _vK‡j G Aa¨v‡`‡ki mKj ¶gZv kªg Av`j‡Zi Dci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| Avcx‡ji iv‡qi e¨vcv‡i 60 w`b mgq ejv n‡jI wm×všÍ w`‡Z 60 w`b cvi n‡jI Zv A‰ea n‡e
bv|
G Ava¨v‡`‡k kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡ji Kvh©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© wbw`©ó weavb †`qv †bB| miKvi UªvBeybv‡ji Kvh©
c×wZ †h iƒ‡c wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb, †miƒc fv‡eB Kvh©c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡e|
UªvBeybvj Zuvi wb‡Ri ev kªg Av`vj‡Zi KZ©…‡Z¡i †KD †Kvbiƒc Aegvbbv Ki‡j Zvi Rb¨ `Û w`‡Z cv‡ib
Ges †m‡¶‡Î kªg UªvBeybvj nvB‡K©v‡Ui mggh©`v †fvM Ki‡eb|
kªg Avcxj †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kviv `Û ev 50 UvKvi †ekx Rwigvbv Ki‡j †m nvB‡Kv‡U© D³ Av‡`‡ki weiƒ‡×
Avcxj †ck Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvV ms‡¶c
wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi j‡¶¨ †h Av`vjZ MVb Kiv nq, ZvB kªg Av`vjZ| wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k 1969 Gi
weavb Abymv‡i miKvi †h mKj Av`vjZ MVb K‡i, Zv‡K kªg Av`vjZ e‡j| 35 avivq kªg Av`vj‡Zi
MVb msµvšÍ wbgœiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q - miKvi †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g wbR we‡ePbvq hZ msL¨K
cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib, ZZUv kªg Av`vjZ MVb K‡i Zv‡ì wbR wbR AvÂwjK GLwZqvi wba©viY K‡i
w`‡eb|

eëmvq AvBb
wkí we‡iv‡ai wb®úwË, `Û I Kvh©wewa

(Sattlement of Industrial Dispute, Panalties and Procedures)
D‡Ïk¨
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k Abyhvqx wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
AÎ AvB‡bi wevavb j•Nb Kivi Rb¨ `Û I Kvh©wewa m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘ t wkí m¤úK© (wbqš¿Y) Aa¨v‡`k Abyhvqx wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi c×wZ -
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 26 n‡Z 32 aviv ch©šÍ †hŠ_ Av‡jvPbv, ga¨¯’Zv I Av‡cv‡li
gva¨‡g wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi weavb ewY©Z Av‡Q|
G¸‡jv QvovI 1975 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© (wbqš¿Y) Aa¨v‡`‡ki 9 avivq wkí we‡iva wb®úwË Ki‡Z
wbgœwjwLZ weavb i‡q‡Q-
(1) †Kvb wkí we‡iv‡ai D™¢e n‡j gvwjK I wmweG cÖZ¨¶ Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Zv wb®úwË Ki‡e|
(2) wkí we‡iv‡ai mv‡_ RwoZ GK c¶ Aci c¶‡K wjwLZfv‡e we‡iva Rvbv‡bvi 14 w`‡bi g‡a¨
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g we‡iva †gUv‡Z e¨_© n‡j ev 14 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb civgk© KwgwU we‡iva m¤ú‡K©
†Kvb mycvwik cª`v‡b e¨_© n‡j, G ai‡bi e¨_©Zvi 14 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb c¶ we‡ivawU GK Rb
ga¨¯’Kvixi wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(3) ga¨¯’Kvix we‡ivawU cvevi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wb®úwË Ki‡eb| hw` 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Giƒc myivnv Ki‡Z
e¨_© nb, Z‡e G g‡g© GKwU mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| G iƒc e¨_©Zvi mwU©wd‡KU cvevi 30 w`‡bi
g‡a¨ mswkøó †h †Kvb c¶ mswkøó we‡ivawU kªg Av`j‡Z †ck Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(4) Dc‡i DwjøwLZ c×wZ‡Z we‡iv‡ai mv‡_ RwoZ †h †Kvb c¶ wkí we‡ivawU kªg Av`j‡Z †ck bv
Ki‡j D³ we‡iv‡ai m¤úvwË N‡U‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv n‡e| G iƒc Ae¯’vq Avi †Kvb c¶ D³ wkí
we‡iv‡ai wel‡q †Kvb eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
(5) Z‡e, miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †Kvb wkí we‡iva ev kªwgK‡ì †h †Kvb Awf‡hvM ev `vwe wb®úwË
ev `vwe wgUvbi Rb¨ †Kvb ga¨¯’vKvixi wbKU ev kªg Av`vj‡Zi wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ØÛ I Kvh©wewa t 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 53 †_‡K 64 aviv ch©šÍ AcivaRwbZ Kg©Kv‡Ûi
Rb¨ wewfbœ `Û I Kvh© c×wZi wbgœewY©Z weavb i‡q‡Q:
(1) wb‡qvMKZ©v KZ©„K Amr kªg AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ `Û t †Kvb wb‡qvMKZv© G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 15 avivq ewY©Z weavb
Agvb¨ Ki‡j Zvi 1 ermi ch©š‘ Kviv `Û ev 5000 UvKv ch©š‘ Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡Z
cv‡i| 53(1) aviv
(2) kªwgK‡ì Zid †_‡K Amr kªg AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ `Û t kªwgK‡ì c‡¶ Amr kªg AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ `yÕwU
`‡Ûi weavb i‡q‡Q-
(K) †Kvb kªwgK 16 avivi †Kvb weavb Agvb¨ Ki‡j 6 gv‡mi Kviv `Û ev 200 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv
A_ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡Z cv‡i| 53(2) aviv|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(L) †Kvb kªwgK msN ev kªwgK msN bq Ggb †Kvb e¨vw³ 16 avivi weavb j½b Ki‡j Zvi 1 ermi
ch©šÍ Kviv`Û ev 2000 UvKv Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡Z cv‡i| 53(2) aviv
(3) gxgvsmv f½ Kivi `Û t G Aa¨v‡`‡ki 55 aviv g‡Z Kv‡iv Dci †Kvb gxgvsmv, †ev‡q`v` ev
wm×vš— Kvh©Ki Kivi `vq-`vwqZ¡ Av‡ivwcZ n‡j, †m hw` B”QvK…Z fv‡e Zv Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z e¨_© nq,
Z‡e Zv‡K 1 ermi ch©šÍ †Rj ev 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e| AviI
D‡jøL¨ †h, D³ Av‡ivwcZ `vwqZ¡ µgvMZfv‡e gvb‡Z e¨_© n‡j, cÖwZ w`b 200 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv
Kiv hv‡e|
(4) wg_¨v wee„wZ `v‡bi `Û t ‡Kvb e¨w³ hw` AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki Aaxb †Kvb wewagvjv Abyhvqx `vwLjK…Z
†Kvb wee„wZ ev weeiYx ev `wj‡j B”QvK…Zfv‡e †Kvb wg_¨v Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i ev Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡j
A_ev `wj‡j B”QvK…Z ‡Kvb wg_¨v NUbv †ck K‡i ev Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i A_ev AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki
Aax‡b cÖYxZ †Kvb ZvwjKv, `wjj ev Z_¨ msi¶Y ev `vwLj Kivi `wqZ¡ _vKv m‡Ë¡I †m
B”QvK„Zfv‡e Zv msi¶Y ev `vwLj bv K‡ib, Zv‡K Qq gvm ch©šÍ †Rj ev 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv
A_ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e| 56 aviv
(5) A‰ea ag©N‡Ui Rb¨ `Û t †Kvb kªwgK A‰eafv‡e ev †e-AvBbxfv‡e ag©NU ïiy Ki‡j, Pvwj‡q †M‡j
ev †Kvbfv‡e G‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡j Zv‡K Qq gvm ch©š‘ †Rj ev 200 UvKv ch©š‘ Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq
`‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e| 57(1) aviv
(6) †eAvBbx Zvjve‡Üi Rb¨ `Û t †Kvb gvwjK †eAvBbxfv‡e ÔjK AvDUÕ ïiy Ki‡j ev Pvwj‡q †M‡j ev
Ab¨ †h †Kvbfv‡e Zvi mnvqZv Ki‡j 1 ermi ch©šÍ Kviv`Û ev 5000 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv A_ev
Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e| Z‡e G ai‡bi Aciva Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j cÖ_g w`‡bi ci †_‡K cÖwZ w`b 200
UvKv K‡i Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡i| 57(2) aviv
(7) †eAvBbx ag©NU ev jK-AvD‡Ui Rb¨ `Û t ‡Kvb e¨w³ ‡eAvBbx ag©NU ev jK AvD‡U Ask †bevi
Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡j ev G D‡Ï‡k¨ A_©vqb Ki‡j ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb fv‡e mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡j 6 gvm ch©šÍ Kviv `Û ev 1 nvRvi UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ n‡e|
(8) Ôax‡i Pj‡ZÕ Ask MÖnY ev DmKvbx `v‡bi `Û t ‡Kvb e¨w³ kªwgK‡ì‡K ax‡i KvR Kivi Rb¨
DrmvwnZ Ki‡j ev D‡ËwRZ Ki‡j ev Zv‡Z Ask wb‡j ev Ab¨ †Kvb fv‡e ax‡i Pjvi Kv‡R mnvqZv
Ki‡j, Zvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K 6 gvm ch©šÍ Kviv`Û ev 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv
hv‡e| 59 aviv
ax‡i P‡jv ej‡Z B”QvK…Zfv‡e GK `j kªwgK hw` hyw³m½Z †Kvb KviY e¨wZZ ¯^vfvweK Kv‡Ri
MwZ †_‡K Kg MwZ‡Z KvR Kiv‡K eySv‡e|
(9) wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î BDwbq‡bi Kg©KZ©‡ì PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯Í Kivi Rb¨ `Û t hw` †Kvb gvwjK AÎ
Aa¨v‡`‡ki 47 avivi weavb j•Nb K‡i, Z‡e Zv‡K 6 gvm ch©š‘ Kviv `Û ev 5000 UvKv ch©šÍ
Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e| 60 aviv
(10) Znwej AvZ¥mv‡Zi Rb¨ `Û t AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 61 aviv g‡Z kªwgK ms‡Ni †Kvb Kg©KZ©v ev Kg©Pvwi
†UªW BDwbq‡bi Znwej AvZ¥mvr Ki‡j Zv‡K 1 eQi ch©šÍ Kviv`Ûmn Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e,

eëmvq AvBb
AvZ¥mvZK…Z A‡_©i †ekx Rwigvbv Kviv hv‡e bv Ges kªg Av`vjZ †Kvb Rwigvbv avh© Ki‡j Zv
kªwgK msN‡K Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| 61 aviv
(11) A‡iwRw÷ªK…Z †UªW BDwbq‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ûi Kv‡R Ask †bevi Rb¨ `Û t 61 aviv g‡Z †Kvb
A‡iwRw÷ªK…Z †UªW BDwbq‡bi Kv‡R Ask wb‡j ev †iwRw÷ªmb evwZj nevi ci D³ †UªW BDwbq‡bi
Kg©Kv‡Û AskMªnY Ki‡j ev KvD‡K evwZjK…Z †UªW BDwbq‡b Ask †bevi Rb¨ cÖ‡ivwPZ ev †UªW
BDwbq‡bi Puv`v e¨wZZ Ab¨ ‡Kvbfv‡e Puv`v wn‡m‡e Av`vq Ki‡j Zv‡K 6 gvm ch©šÍ †Rj ev 500
UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e| 61(K) aviv
(12) mvwj‡mi Kv‡R nvwRi bv nevi Rb¨ `Û t 62 (K) aviv g‡Z †Kvb e¨w³ hw` mvwjk `v‡ii mš‘wó
e¨wZZ 30 avivi (2) Dcaviv Abymv‡i Zuvi wbKU nvwRi n‡Z ev weavb cvjb Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡j Zv‡K
6 gvm ch©šÍ †Rj ev 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e|
(13) GKvwaK †UªW BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ t †Kvb e¨w³ hw` GKB mv‡_ GKvwaK †UªW BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ nq ev
m`m¨ c‡` envj _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡K 6 gvm ch©šÍ †Rj ev 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq `‡Û
`wÛZ Kiv hv‡e| 61 (L) aviv
(14) Ab¨vb¨ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ `Û t ‡Kvb e¨w³ hw` AÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki †Kvb weavb f½ K‡i ev weavb g‡Z
`vwqZ¡ cvjb bv K‡i, Z‡e 62 aviv g‡Z 250 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡e| 62 aviv
(15) Ki‡cv‡ikb KZ©„K Aciva t G Aa¨v‡`k g‡Z K„Z Aciv‡ai `v‡q hw` †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb ev wewae×
cÖwZôvb `vqx nq, Z‡e Zvi cÖ‡Z¨K cwiPvjK, eë¯’vcK, mwPe ev Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©v ev G‡R›U hw` Zv
cÖgvY Ki‡Z e¨_© nq †h, msNwUZ Aciva Zvi ARv‡šÍ msNwUZ n‡q‡Q ev Zvi Amw¤§wZ‡Z n‡q‡Q ev
msNwVZ Aciva cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ h_vmva¨ †Póv K‡i‡Q; Zv n‡j, ‡m ev cÖ‡Z¨‡KB K…Z Aciv‡ai Rb¨
†`vlx e‡j MY¨ n‡e| 63 aviv
(16) Aciv‡ai wePvi t G Aa¨v‡`k Abymv‡i `Ûbxq †Kvb Aciv‡ai wePvi †Kej kªg Av`vjZ ev 1g
†kªYxi g¨vwR‡÷ªU Av`vjZ e¨wZZ Ab¨ †Kvb Av`vj‡Z n‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges 53 aviv A_ev 61(K)
aviv †gvZv‡eK kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciv‡ai weiy‡× KZ…©c¶ kªg cwiPvjK ev Zuvi Aby‡gvw`Z e¨w³i c~e©
AbygwZ Qvov ‡Kvb gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv hv‡e bv| 64 aviv|
cvV ms‡¶c
1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki 26 n‡Z 32 aviv ch©šÍ †hŠ_ Av‡jvPbv, ga¨¯’Zv I Av‡cv‡li
gva¨‡g wkí we‡iva wb®úwËi weavb ewY©Z Av‡Q|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
msw¶ß cÖkœvejx
1. 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k Abymv‡i msÁv w`b:
K) wkí, L) kªwgK I KvwiMi, M) wb‡qvM KZ©v,
N) ag©NU, O) ZvjveÜ, P) kªwgK msN, Q) jK- AvDU|
2. †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa`j wK?
3. kªg Av`vjZ Gi msÁv w`b|
4. IqvK©m KvDwÝj wK?
5. kªg we‡iva ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
6. cÖZ¨vqb cÖ`vbKvix wPwKrmK †K?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœvejx
1. kªg ms‡Ni msÁv w`b| kªg msN wbeÜ‡bi cÖwµqv eY©bv Kiyb|
2. wK wK Kvi‡Y kªg ms‡Ni wbeÜb evwZj n‡Z cv‡i? eY©bv Kiyb|
3. wbewÜZ kªwgK ms‡Ni AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡¸‡jv eY©bv Kiyb|
4. kªg we‡iva wb®úwËi Rb¨ wewfbœ G‡RwÝi Kvh©vejxi eY©bv Kiyb|
5. wKfv‡e †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j wba©viY Kiv nq? Gi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx eY©bv Kiyb|
6. IqvK©vm KvDwÝj Kv‡K e‡j? Gi MVb I Kvh©vejx eY©bv Kiyb|
7. ag©NU I Zvjv eÜ KLb êa n‡e Ges KLb A‰ea n‡e? eY©bv Kiyb| A‰ea ag©NU I Zvjve‡Üi `Û
m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiyb|
8. kªwg‡Ki c‡¶ Amr kªgAvPiY Ges gvwj‡Ki c‡¶ Amr kªgAvPiY eY©bv Kiyb|
9. 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡k wkí we‡iva gxgvsmvi Rb¨ †h mKj c×wZ Av‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiyb|
10. kªg Av`vj‡Zi MVb, ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx eY©bv Kiyb|
11. kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡ji MVb, ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx eb©bv Kiyb|
12. 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡k ewY©Z ØÛ I Kvh©c×wZ eY©bv Kiyb|
13. †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `‡ji wbe©vPb ¶gZv I Kvh©vejxi eY©bv w`b|
14. ag©NU I Zvjve‡Üi msÁv w`b | ag©NU I Zvjve‡Üi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiyb|
15. mvwjk I ga¨¯’Zvi Kvh©vejx eY©bv Kiyb|
16. G Aa¨‡`k Abymv‡i Aciv‡ai `Û I Kvh©wewa eY©bv Kiyb|

BDwbU
5
kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb-1923
Workmen’s Compensation Act-1923
f~wgKv
wkí KviLvbvq KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq AvnZ n‡q Kg©¶gZv mvgwqK ev ¯’vqxfv‡e nvwi‡q †dj‡j A_ev wbnZ
n‡j ev †Kvb †ckvMZ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q g„Zy¨ eiY Ki‡j, AvnZ ev wbnZ kªwg‡Ki Dci wbf©ikxj ¯¿x,
cyÎ-mšÍvb ev AvBbMZ Ab¨vb¨ wbf©ikxj e¨w³‡ì ¶wZc~iY ‡èvi j‡¶¨ G ¶wZc~iY AvBb iwPZ
n‡q‡Q|
e„wUk kvmb Avg‡j ZrKvjxb Awef³ fviZe‡l© 1923 mv‡j ¶wZ c~iY AvBb cvk nq| G ¶wZc~iY
AvBb ms‡kvwaZ AvKv‡i Avgv‡ì †`‡k Kvh©Ki Av‡Q| 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBbwU
h_vµ‡g 1926, 1929, 1933, 1937, 1939, 1957, 1960, 1972, 1974, 1980 mv‡j wKQz wKQz
ms‡kvab Kiv n‡jI g~jZ 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb ms‡kvwaZ AvKv‡i ejer Av‡Q| ZvB,
G AvBbwU 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb bv‡g cwiwPZ|
G AvBb Abymv‡i †Kvb kªwgK †Kvb wkí KviLvbvq KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb `yN©Ubvq wbcwZZ n‡q hw`
mvgwqK ev ¯’vqxfv‡e AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y© Kg©¶gZv nvwi‡q †d‡j ev gviv hvq, Zvn‡j gvwjK c¶ D³
kªwgK‡K ev Zvi AvBbMZ wbf©ikxj‡ì‡K G AvBb Abymv‡i ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e| Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h
hw` `yN©UbvwU kªwg‡Ki B”QvK…Z ev Ae‡njvi ìyY msNwUZ nq Ges Zv cÖgvwYZ nq, †m‡¶‡Î gvwjK D³
`yN©Ubvi Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e bv|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
wk‡ivbvg, AvIZv, Avi¤¢ I msÁvmg~n

(Title, Scope, and Definations)
D‡Ïk¨
G AvB‡bi wk‡ivbvg, AvIZv I Avi¤¢ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
G AvB‡bi wewfbœ msÁvmg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
welqe¯‘
msw¶ß wk‡ivbvg, AvIZv Ges Aviv¤¢ -
(1) G AvBb 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb bv‡g AewnZ n‡e|
(2) evsjv‡`‡ki mgMÖ GjvKv Bnvi AvIZvfy³|
(3) Bnv Awej‡¤^ Kvh©Ki n‡e|
msÁv mg~n t
(1) ÔmvevjK ev bvevjKÕ t mvevjK ev cÖvßeq¯‹ ej‡Z Ggb e¨w³ hvi eqm 15 erm‡ii Dc‡i Ges
bvevjK ej‡Z hvi eqm 15 erm‡ii Kg; 2(1)(K) aviv
(2) ÔKwgkbviÕ A_© kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 20 aviv Abymv‡i wbhy³ Kwgkbi‡K eySv‡e; 2(11)(L)
aviv
(3) Ô¶wZc~iYÕ A_© G AvBb Avbymv‡i wewnZ ¶wZc~iY; 2(1) M aviv
(4) Ôwbf©ikxjÕ 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 2(1) N aviv‡Z ewY©Z wbgœiƒc †h †Kvb AvZ¥xq‡K
eySv‡e-
(K) weaev ¯¿x, AcÖvß eq¯‹ cyÎ, Ges AweevwnZv Kb¨v A_ev weaev gvZv; Ges
(L) mswkøó kªwgKwUi g„ZÿKv‡j Zvi DcvR©‡bi Dci m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkKfv‡e wbf©ikxj n‡q _vK‡j wb‡gœ
evwY©Z AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb‡KI wbf©ikxj e‡j aiv n‡e: weaev gvZv QvovI wcZv, AcÖvß eq¯‹ A‰ea
cyÎ, A‰ea AcÖvß eq¯‹v Kb¨v, AcÖvßv eq¯‹v ev weaev Kb¨v, bvevjK åvZv, AweevwnZv ev weaev
fwMœ, weaev cyÎea~, g„Z cy‡Îi bvejK mšÍvb, gvZvwcZv †KD RxweZ bv _vK‡j g„Z Kb¨vi bvevjK
mšÍvb, A_ev wcZv-gvZv †KD RxweZ bv _vK‡j wcZvgn ev gZvgn|
(5) wb‡qvMKZ©v (Employer): 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi Abymv‡i 2(1)(O) aviv
Abyhvqx wbgœ ewY©Z e¨w³eM© wb‡qvMKZ©v e‡j MY¨ n‡eb:
K) mwgwZfy³ A_ev AmwgwZfy³ KviLvbvi gvwjKvbvq AwawôZ e¨w³eM©,
L) g„Z gvwj‡Ki AvBbm¤§Z cÖwZwbwa,
M) ‡h †Kvb wb‡qvMKvixi wbev©nx cÖwZwbwa;
N) ‡h e¨w³i mv‡_ kªwgK PvKzwi ev wk¶vbwekxi Pzw³e× n‡q‡Q †m e¨w³ D³ kªwgK‡K Aci e¨w³i
wbKU avi ev fvov w`‡j, †h e¨w³i wbKU kªwgK KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q‡Q †m e¨w³|
BDwbU cuvP c„ôv-144

eëmvq AvBb
(1) g¨v‡bwRs G‡R›U ev wbev©nx cÖwZwbwa t †h e¨w³ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i eëmv-evwYR¨ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ D³
e¨w³ (gvwjK) KZ…©K wbhy³ ev Zuvi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Z‡e, wZwb gvwj‡Ki Aaxb¯’ †Kvb
eë¯’vcK bb| 2(1) P aviv
(2) AvswkK kvixwiK A¶gZv (Partial Physical Disablement) t AvswkK kvixwiK A¶gZv ej‡Z
†Kvb kªwgK `yN©Ubvi d‡j Zuvi Kvh©¶gZv c~‡e©i Zzjbvq n«vm cvIqv‡K eySvq| AvswkK A¶gZv Avevi
n‡Z cv‡i mvgwqK ev ¯’vqx| mvgwqK AvswkK A¶gZv ej‡Z †Kvb kªwgK hw` mvgwqKfv‡e Zvi
Kv‡Ri AvswkK A¶gZv nvivq hv cieZ©x‡Z Avevi ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wd‡i cvq| c¶vš—‡i, hw`
`yN©Ubvi d‡j ‡Kvb kªwgK ¯’vqxfv‡e Zvi Kvh©¶gZv AvswkKfv‡e nvivq Zv‡K eySvq| ‡hgb Kg©iZ
Ae¯’vq `yN©Ubvq †Kvb kªwg‡Ki GKwU nvZ wew”Qbœ n‡q †M‡j|
G AvB‡bi 1 bs Zdwmj g‡Z wbgœewY©Z cÖwZwU AvNvZ ¯’vqx ai‡bi AvswkK kvixwiK A¶gZv e‡j
we‡ewPZ n‡e:
(1) Wvb evûi Dci ev KbyB ch©šÍ webó n‡j 70% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(2) evg evûi Dci ev KbyB ch©šÍ webó n‡j 60% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(3) Wvb evûi KbyBi wbP †_‡K webó n‡j 60% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(4) cv‡qi nvUz ev Zvi Dci †_‡K webó n‡j 60% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(5) evg evûi KbyBi wbP †_‡K webó n‡j 60% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(6) nvUzi wbP †_‡K cv webó n‡j 50% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(7) kªeY kw³ ¯’vqx ev mvgwqKfv‡e webó n‡j 50% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(8) GK †PvL bó n‡j 30% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(9) e„×vAv½yj bó n‡j 30% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(10) GK cv‡qi mKj Av½yj webó n‡j 20% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(11) e„×v Av½y‡ji GKwU nvo bó n‡j 10% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(12) ZR©bx Av½yj webó n‡j 10% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(13) cv‡qi e„×vA½yjx webó n‡j 10% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
(14) ZR©bx Av½yj e¨wZZ ‡h †Kvb Av½yj webó n‡j 5% Dc©vRb ¶gZv n«vm cvq| 2(1)(Q)
aviv
wZb (3) Zdwmj g‡Z †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ wPwKrmK t 1973 mv‡ji g¨vwWK¨vj KvDwÝj AvBb Abymv‡i
A_ev GB AvB‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvi KZ…K †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ wPwKrmK wn‡m‡e miKvwi ‡M‡R‡Ui
gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ †h †Kvb e¨w³ †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ wPwKrmK e‡j MY¨ n‡eb| 2(1)(S) aviv
bq (9) bs Zdwmj g‡Z, m¤ú~Y© ˆ`wnK A¶gZv ej‡Z Ggb ai‡bi ¯’vqx ev A¯’vqx A¶gZv eySvq,
hvi d‡j `yN©Ubvq wbcwZZ nevi c~e© ch©šÍ †h KvR KiZ Zv Kivi ¶gZv nvwi‡q †djv|
wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î ˆ`wnK m¤ú~Y© A¶gZv e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e t
1. `y‡Pv‡Li `„wó kw³ m¤ú~Y© ¯’vqx ev A¯’vqxfv‡e bó n‡j;
2. 1 bs Zdwm‡j †h †Kvb GKvwaK AvNvZ, hvi d‡j mswkøó kªwgK ev kªwgK‡ì DcvR©b ¶gZv
kZKiv GKk kZvsk †jvc †c‡j;

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(10) gRywi t gRywi ej‡Z eySvq †h mKj my‡hvM myweav hv UvKvi As‡k wnmve Kiv hvq; Z‡e hvZvqvZ
fvZv, ev hvZvqv‡Zi mgvb g~j¨ ev †cbmb I cÖwf‡W›U dv‡Û gvwjK KZ…K cÖ`Ë A_© ev KvR Kivi
Rb¨ e¨‡qi wbwg‡Ë cÖ`Ë Li‡Pi A_© gRywii Ask bq| 2 (1) aviv
(11) kªwgK t 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 2(1) aviv Abymv‡i wbgœ wjwLZ e¨w³eM© kªwgK e‡j
MY¨ n‡e:
1. 1890 mv‡ji †ijI‡q AvB‡bi 3 aviv g‡Z †ijI‡qi †h †Kvb Kg©Pvix whwb †ijI‡qi †Rjv
cÖkvmb ev gnKzgv Awd‡m A¯’vqxfv‡e wbhy³ A_ev kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 2 bs Zdwm‡j
ewY©Z †h †Kvb c‡` wbhy³ e¨w³ hvi †eZb m‡e©v”P 1500 UvKv|
2 bs Zdwmj t 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 2(1) aviv Abyhvqx wbgœwjwLZ e¨w³eM© kªwgK
e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡eb:
1. †Kvb †KivYx ev †ijI‡q‡Z wbhy³ †Kvb e¨w³ ev‡` ev®ú hš¿ ev we`¨r kw³ Øviv PvwjZ wjd&U ev
hvbevn‡bi i¶vYv‡e¶‡Yi Kv†R wbhy³ †h †Kvb e¨w³ kªwgK e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
2. †h †Kvb e¨w³ KiwY‡Ki c` ev‡` Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b wbhy³ nb †hLv‡b cie©Zx 12
gv‡mi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb w`b 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvB‡bi 2(Q) avivi msÁv Abyhvqx AšÍZ: 10 Rb
†jvK Kv‡R wbhy³ wQj hv †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqvq, hv ev®ú hš¿ ev we`y¨wZK kw³ PvwjZ nq, D³
¯’v‡b wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³ kªwgK e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
3. 1934 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvB‡bi 5 avivi weavb g‡Z 50 ev Zvi †ekx e¨w³ †h KviLvbvq c~e©eZx
12 gv‡mi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb w`b cY¨ ev c‡Yï Ask we‡kl cÖ¯‘Z Kiv, cwie©Zb Kiv, †givgZ Kiv,
AjsKvi Kiv, eënvi Dc‡hvMx Kiv, cwienb Kiv ev weµq Kivi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³ eM© kªwgK
e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
4. ‡h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡mi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb w`b AšÍZ: 10 Rb †jvK wb‡qvwRZ wQj, Giƒc
cÖwZôv†b we‡ùviK `ªe¨ Drcv`b ev Zv bovPovi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h ‡Kvb e¨w³|
5. 1923 mv‡ji Lwb AvB‡bi 3(P) aviv Abyhvqx †KivYxi Kv‡R wbhy³ e¨w³ e¨wZZ †h e¨w³ Lbb ev
D‡Ëvjb Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Zv‡K kªwgK e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
6. AvswkK ev cyivcywi ev®ú ev Ab¨ †Kvb hvwš¿K kw³ ev ê`y¨wZK kw³ KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ †h †Kvb
Rvnv‡Ri Ôgv÷viÕ ev ÔbvweKÕ wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³ kªwgK e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
7. †h †Kvb Rvnv‡Ri gv÷vi ev µz e¨ZxZ Rvnv‡Ri gvj †evSvB, gvj Lvjvm, R¡vjvbx fwZ© Kiv,
†givgZ, weaŸ¯Í, cwi®‹vi ev is Kivi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³ ev 1908 mv‡ji e›ì AvB‡bi weavb
Abyhvqx †h ‡Kvb e›`‡ii mxgvbvq gvjevnx RvnvR n‡Z cY¨ DVv‡bv, bvgv‡bv ev gvjcÎ bvovPov I
cwien‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡K kªwgK e‡j aiv n‡e|
8. wb‡gœewY©©Z wbg©vY, †givgZ, ev aŸsk Kv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³eM© kªwgK e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e;
K. †h †Kvb BgviZ ev KvVv‡gv;
L. 20 dzU ev Zvi †_‡K †ekx D”PZv wewkó eva;
M. †h †Kvb iv¯Ív, †mZz ev myo½ c_;
N. RvnvR b½i Kivi KvRmn †Kvb ‡RwU, gvjvgvj DVvbvgvi e›ì I mgy`ª cÖvPxi|

eëmvq AvBb
9. †Kvb †Uwj‡dvb ev †Uwj‡dv‡bi jvBb A_ev Ifvi‡nW ê`y¨wZK jvBb ev K¨vej ev LuywU A_ev aviK
Lv¤^v ¯’vcb, †givgZ ev i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Kv‡R wbhy³ e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM© kªwgK e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
10. WvK, Zvi I †Uwj‡dvb wefv‡Mi evB‡ii Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †UªRvixi †KivYx | (1980 mv‡ji 26bs
AvBb Øviv ms‡hvwRZ|)
11. †Kivwbi KvR Qvov †Kvb iy¾y c_, Lvj, cvBc, cq:cÖYvjx wbgv©Y, †givgZ, fv½vPziv ev
i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
12. `gKj evwnbxi Kv‡R wbhy³ †h ‡Kvb e¨w³|
13. 1890 mv‡ji †ijI‡q AvB‡bi 148(1) aviv I 3(6) avivq ewY©Z weavb g‡Z †ijI‡qi KvR
mivmwi ev †Kvb wVKv`v‡ii gva¨‡g wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
14. †ijI‡q †gBj mvwf©‡mi cwi`k©K, WvK_wji cvnvov`vi, wPwV evQvBKvix A_ev WvK wcqb wn‡m‡e
wb‡qvwRZ A_ev WvK I Zvi wefv‡Mi Aax‡b evB‡ii Kv‡R wbhy³ e¨w³|
15. †KivYxi c` e¨wZZ LwbR †Zj ev cÖvK…wZK M¨vm DVv‡bvi mv‡_ RwoZ †h †Kb e¨w³|
16. c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡mi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb GKw`b 25 Rb ev Zvi †ekx e¨w³ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQj ev
we‡ùviK `ªe¨ eëüZ n‡q‡Q ev hvi Dci †_‡K wbP ch©šÍ MfxiZv 6 wgUv‡ii (20 dzU) AwaK G
ai‡bi Lbb Kv†h© wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
17. we‡ùvi‡Yi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³‡K kªwgK ejv hv‡e|
18. 10 R‡bi AwaK hvÎx enbKvix ¶gZvm¤úbœ †bŠKv ev †dix Pjv‡bvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³ kªwgK e‡j MY¨
n‡e|
19. †KivYxi KvR e¨wZZ ê`y¨wZK kw³ Drcv`b, cwiPvjbv ev mievi‡ni Kv‡R A_ev M¨vm Drcv`b ev
mievi‡ni Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h ‡Kvb e¨w³|
20. 1927 mv‡ji evwZ Ni AvB‡bi 2(N) avivq ewY©Z †Kvb evwZN‡ii Kv‡R wbhy³ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
21. Rbmvavi‡Yi mvg‡b cÖ`k©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY ev wPÎ cÖ`k©‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h ‡Kvb
e¨w³|
22. nvZx ev †h †Kvb eb¨ Rš‘i cÖwk¶Y, i¶Yv‡e¶Y, ev cwiPvjbvi Kv‡R wbhy³ e¨w³|
23. Zv‡ji MvQ ev †LRyi Mv‡Qi im AniY ev †h †Kvb MvQ †K‡U†djv ev ¸wo evbvb ev Af¨šÍixY cvwb
c‡_ ¸uwo¸‡jv cwienb ev `vevbj wbqš¿Y ev wbfv‡bvi Kv‡R wbhy³ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
24. nvZx ev †h †Kvb eb¨ Rš‘ aiv ev wkKvi Kivi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
25. WªvBfvi wn‡m‡e wbhy³ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
26. Wyeyix wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
27. K) †h †Kvb ¸`v‡g †hLv‡b cY¨mvgMªx ¸`vgRvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †hLv‡b c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡mi g‡a¨
†h †Kvb GKw`b Kgc‡¶ 10 e¨w³ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQj †mmKj ¯’v‡b ev Zvi msjMœ ¯’v‡b cY¨
DVv-bvgv ev cwien‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
L) †h †Kvb evRv‡i, †hLv‡b c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡mi g‡a¨ †h †Kvb GK w`b Kgc‡¶ 100 Rb †jvK
wb‡qvwRZ wQj †miƒc ¯’vb ev Zvi msjMœ ¯’v‡b cY¨ DVv-bvgv ev cwien‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb
e¨w³|
28. †iwWqvg ev G·‡i-Gi hš¿cvwZ bovPov ev Pvjv‡bvi Kv‡R A_ev †iwWI G¨vKwUf mvem&UvÝ
Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ ms‡hvM jvB‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †h †Kvb e¨w³|
29. 1961 mv‡ji moK cwienb Aa¨v‡`‡ki 2 avivi 7 Dcavivi msÁv Abymv‡i moK cwienb Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ WªvBfvi, wK¬bvi, ‡nívi, KÈªvv±i ev †PKvi|
30. cÖnixi Kv‡R wbhy³ †h †Kvb e¨w³I kªwgK e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
e¨vLv: ZvwjKv 2 G DwjøwLZ Òc~e©eZ©x 12 gvmÓ ej‡Z `yN©Ubvi w`b n‡Z c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡mi K_v eySvb
n‡q‡Q|
cvV ms‡¶c
ÔmvevjK ev bvevjKÕ t mvevjK ev cÖvßeq¯‹ ej‡Z Ggb e¨w³ hvi eqm 15 erm‡ii Dc‡i Ges bvevjK
ej‡Z hvi eqm 15 erm‡ii Kg; 2(1)(K) aviv
ÔKwgkbviÕ A_© kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 20 aviv Abymv‡i wbhy³ Kwgkbi‡K eySv‡e; 2(11)(L) aviv
Ô¶wZc~iYÕ A_© G AvBb Avbymv‡i wewnZ ¶wZc~iY; 2(1) M aviv
Ôwbf©ikxjÕ 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 2(1) N aviv‡Z ewY©Z wbgœiƒc †h †Kvb AvZ¥xq‡K
eySv‡e-

eëmvq AvBb
¶wZc~iY m¤úwK©Z wewagvjv

(Rules Relating to Compensation)
D‡Ïk¨
¶wZc~iY msµvšÍ wel‡q gvwj‡Ki `vq-`vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
†Kvb& †Kvb& †¶‡Î gvwjK ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ bq;
gvwmK †eZb wn‡m‡e †`q ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
gRywi wbY©q m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
¶wZc~iY eÈb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ gvwj‡Ki `vq `vwqZ¡ (Employers Liability for Compensation) t 1923 mv‡ji
kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 3 aviv‡Z ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ gvwjK ev wb‡qvMKZ©vi `vq`vwqZ¡ wbgœiƒc:
1| †Kvb kªwgK PvKzwi‡Z wbhy³ _vKvKv‡j ‡Kvb `yN©Ubvq AvNvZ ev RLg- cÖvß n‡j, †m wb‡qvM KZ©vi
wbKU †_‡K ¶wZc~iY cvevi AwaKvix| (3) 1 aviv
Z‡e, wbgœwjwLZ Ae¯’vq kªwgK‡K ¶wZc~iY †èvi Rb¨ gvwj‡Ki †Kvb `vq Rb¥v‡ebv:
1) K) †Kvb `yN©Ubvq RL‡gi d‡j kªwgK 4 w`‡bi †ekx mg‡qi Rb¨ AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
Kg©¶gZv bv nvivq;
L) RL‡gi Kvi‡Y kªwg‡Ki g„Zz¨ bv NU‡j Ges wbgœewY©Z KviY¸‡jv RL‡gi cÖZ¨¶ KviY bv
n‡j;
A) `yN©UbvwU NUvi mgq g`¨ cvb Øviv †bkvMÖ¯’ wQj;
Av) wbivcËvi Rb¨ cÖKv‡k¨ cÖ`Ë †Kvb Av‡`k ev Kvh©wewa B”QvK…Z fv‡e Agvb¨ K‡i `yN©Ubv ¯’v‡b
nvwRi n‡j;
2) kªwgK‡ì wbivcËvi Rb¨ ‡h mKj wbivcËvg~jK eë¯’v ev we‡kl eë¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q, Zv
Rvbevi ciI B”QvK…Zfv‡e †mwU AcmviY ev Agvb¨ Ki‡j|
2| G AvB‡bi 3q Zdwm‡ji ÔKÕ As‡k ewY©Z †Kvb Kv‡R kªwgK wbhy³ _vKv Ae¯’vq kªwgK hw`
†ckvMZ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nq A_ev ‡Kvb kªwgK Zvi wb‡qvM-KZ©vi Aax‡b 3q Zdwm‡ji ÔLÕ As‡k
D‡jøwLZ †Kvb Kv‡R avivewnKfv‡e AšÍZ 6 gvm KvR Kiv Ae¯’vq †m hw` †ckv msµvšÍ e¨wa‡Z
AvµvšÍ nq, Zv n‡j †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqv‡K G aviv Abymv‡i RLg cÖvwß e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
`yN©UbvwU D³ kªwg‡Ki Kv‡R wb‡qv‡Mi cwiYvg wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e; hw` bv gvwjK Zvi wecix‡Z
cÖgvY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
GLv‡b AiI D‡jøL¨ †h, G avivi D‡Ï‡k¨ PvKzwii mgq Kvj avivevwnKfv‡e n‡Z n‡e| Gai‡bi
KvR hw` Ab¨ †Kvb wb‡qvMKZ©vi Aax‡b K‡i _v‡K Z‡e Zv D³ Kvh©Kvj wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡e bv|
3| miKvi g‡b Ki‡j 3 gv‡mi weÁwß cÖ`vb K‡i †M‡RU cÖKvk Kivi gva¨‡g 3q Zdwm‡j ewY©Z
ZvwjKvq †h †Kvb PvKzwi ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges †Kvb& †Kb& PvKzwii Rb¨ †Kvb& †Kvb& e¨wa †ckv
RwbZ †ivM e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wba©ivY K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib| ‡NvwlZ e¨wamg~n AÎ avivi 2
Dcavivi AvIZvfy³ n‡e-3(3) aviv|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
4| Dcaviv 2 I 3 Gi weavb e¨wZZ PvKzwi‡Z wb‡qvwRZ _vKv Ae¯’vq Ab¨ †Kvb e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡j
Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb ¶wZc~iY cv‡eb bv| 3(4) aviv
5| AvNvZcÖvß kªwgK wb‡qvMKZ©v ev Ab¨ KviI weiy‡× †Ìqvbx Av`j‡Z gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡j †Kvb
¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv|
AvNvZcÖvß kªwgK RLgRwbZ Kvi‡Y ¶wZi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv hw` -
K) D³ wel‡q Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU ¶wZc~iY `vwe Kv‡i _v‡K; Ges
L) D³ wel‡q Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv n‡q _vK‡j ‡m ‡¶‡Î|
¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY (Amount of Compensation) t

1| 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 4 avivi weavb gv‡Z `yN©Ubvq †Kvb kªwgK AvnZ ev
wbnZ n‡j mswkøó kªwgK gvwj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K ¶wZ-c~iY cvevi AwaKvix|
AÎ AvB‡bi weavb Abymv‡i ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvb wb‡gœiƒc n‡e:
K) `yN©Ubvq †Kvb kªwgK RLg n‡q g„ZzëiY Ki‡j AÎ AvB‡bi 4_© Zdwm‡j cÖvß eq¯‹ kªwg‡Ki gvwmK
†eZb wn‡m‡e cÖ`Ë ¶wZc~i‡Yi ZvwjKv †`qv n‡q‡Q hv wbgœiƒc:
gvwmK †eZb Zv‡ì ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY
0-1 UvKv UvKv 8000
101-200 UvKv UvKv 12000
201-300 UvKv UvKv 14000
301-400 UvKv UvKv 16000
401-500 UvKv UvKv 18000
501-Z`ya© UvKv UvKv 21000
AcÖvß eq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì ‡¶‡Î 2000 UvKv (1975 mv‡ji 11 bs AvBb Øviv ms‡kvwaZ|)
2| `yN©Ubvq ‡Kvb kªwgK AvnZ n‡j c~Y© A¶gZvi Rb¨ cÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK 4_© Zdwmj Abyhvqx gvwmK
†eZb wn‡m‡e cÖ‡`q ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY wbgœiƒc:
gvwmK †eZb Zv‡ì ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY
0-100 UvKv 10,000 UvKv
101-200 Ó 16,000 Ó
201-300 Ó 19,000 Ó
301-400 Ó 21,000 Ó
401-500 Ó 26,000 Ó
501- Z`yaŸ©© Ó 30,000 Ó
AcÖvßeq¯‹ kªwgK‡ì †¶Î 2000 UvKv
3| A¯’vqx ˆ`wnK A¶gZvi Rb¨ 4_© Zdwm‡j evwY©Z weavb g‡Z ¶wZc~iY eve` wbw`©ó fvZv cv‡eb|
A¯’vqx A¶gZvi †¶‡Î 1 erei ch©š— fvZv cv‡e| †m‡¶‡Î cÖ_g 2 gvm c~b© †eZb, cieZ©x 2 gvm
†gvU †eZ‡bi 2 Ask Ges cieZ©x gvm¸‡jv A‡a©K †eZb fvZv cv‡e| 1 erm‡ii †ekx mgq fvZv
3
cv‡ebv| Z‡e, `xN©Kvj ‡ckvMZ †iv‡Mi Ki‡Y A¶gZvi †¶‡Î m‡ev©”P 2ermi ch©šÍ gvwmK †eZ‡bi
A‡a©K nv‡i fvZv cv‡e|
eëmvq AvBb
gvwmK †eZb t AÎ AvB‡bi 5 avivi weavb Abym‡i c~Y© GK gvm PvKzwi Kivi ci cÖvc¨ †gvU gRywii
mgwó‡K gvwmK gRywi ejv nq| Z‡e hw` GK gv‡mi Kg PvKzwi nq †m‡¶‡Î `yN©Ubvi c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡m GKB
wb‡qvMKZ©vi Aax‡b GKB RvZxq Kv‡R Ab¨ kªwgK †h cwigvY †eZb ‡c‡q‡Q, Zvi Mo †eZb n‡e mswkøó
kªwg‡Ki gvwmK ‡eZb|
4| AÎ AvB‡bi 4 avivi Dcaviv N Abymv‡i RL‡gi d‡j m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK fv‡e A¶g n‡j, A¶gZv
ïiyi Pvi w`b cvi nevi ci †_‡K †h gv‡mi cvIbv Zvi c‡ii gv‡mi cÖ_g w`‡K A‡a©K gv‡mi
†eZb Ges Zvi ci A¶gZv mgqKvj ev 4bs Zdwm‡j ewY©‡Z 4_© evjv‡g D‡jøwLZ mgq Kvj ch©šÍ
†hUv Av‡M †kl nq, †m mgq Kv‡ji Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY cv‡e| AÎ AvB‡bi 4 bs Zdwm‡ji Pvi avivi
eY©bv Abyhvqx hZ w`b A¶gZv _K‡e ev GK eQi Kvj hv msw¶ß nq, †m mgq ch©šÍ ¶wZc~iY
2
cv‡e| †m †¶‡Î cÖ_g 2 gvm c~Y© †eZb, cieZ©x 2 gvm Ask, Ges cieZ©x gvm¸‡jv A‡a©K
3
†eZb cv‡e| Z‡e, †ckvMZ e¨wai †¶‡Î m‡e©v”P 2 eQi ch©šÍ A‡a©K †eZb nv‡i ¶wZc~iY cv‡e|
gRywi wbY©q cw×wZ (Method of Wage Calculation) t 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZ c~iY AvB‡bi
5(1) aviv‡Z gvwmK gRywii msÁv wbgœiƒc-
ÒGK gvm PvKzwii ci cÖvc¨ gRywii mgwó‡K gvwmK gRywi ejv nqÓ gvwmK gRywi mswkøó gv‡m ev Ab¨
†Kvb Zvwi‡L ev wVKv wn‡m‡e, †h †Kvbfv‡e cÖ`vb Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
D³ aviv Abyhvqx kªwgK‡ì gvwmK gRywi wbgœwjwLZ wewa Abymv‡i wnmve Kiv nq:
(1) †Kvb kªwgK `yN©Ubvq KewjZ nevi c~‡e© mswkøó kªwgK hw` 12 gvm GKB wb‡qvM KZ©vi Aaxb
1
avivewnKfv‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K Z‡e, D³ 12 gv‡mi †gvU gRywii Ask Zvi gvwmK gRywi e‡j
12
MY¨ n‡e|
(2) `yN©Ubvi c~‡e© hw` kªwgK GK gv†mi Kg mgq mswk- ó gvwj‡Ki Aaxb KvR K‡i, Z‡e `yN©Ubvq
wbcwZZ nevi 12 gv‡m GKB wb‡qvMKZ©i Aaxb GKB RvZxq KvR K‡i Ab¨ †Kvb kªwgK †h gRywi
cÖwZ gv‡m ‡c‡q‡Q, Zvi mgcwigvY gRywi G †¶‡Î gvwmK gRywi e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
(3) Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î `yN©Ubvi AeëwnZ c~‡e© PvKzwii †gqv‡` AwR©Z †gvU †eZ‡bi 30 ¸Y‡K mswkøó
mg‡qi Aš©ÍMZ w`b¸‡jvi †gvU msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡j hv nq, ZvB Zvi gvwmK gRywi e‡j MY¨ Kiv
n‡e|
gvwmK gRywi cÖ`v‡bi weKí eë¯’v t AÎ AvB‡bi 7 aiv‡Z gvwmK gRywi ev †eZ‡bi weKí eë¯’v ivLv
n‡q‡Q | G aviv Abymv‡i mswkøó c¶mg~‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb mg‡SvZv bv n‡j †h †Kb c¶ Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU
D³ wel‡q wb®úwËi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| D³ GKKvjxb A‡_©i cwigvY Dfq c‡¶i HK¨ g‡Zi
wfwË‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq Kwgkbvi KZ…©K wba©vwiZ n‡e|
¶wZc~iY eÈb (Distribution of Compensation) t 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 8

aviv‡Z ¶wZc~iY eÈb m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc weavb †`qv Av‡Q:
(1) †Kvb kªwgK `yN©Ubvq AvnZ n‡q gviv †M‡j Zvi ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv ev ˆ`wnKfv‡e A¶gZvq †fvM‡Q
Ggb †Kvb bvix kªwg‡Ki ¶wZc~i‡Yi GKKvjxb UvKv Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU Rgv w`‡Z n‡e; Ab¨_vq
¶wZc~iY cwi‡kva Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e bv|
AviI D‡jøL¨ †h, †Kvb g„Z kªwg‡Ki †¶‡Î wb‡qvMKZ©v AbwaK 500 UvKv Ges †gvU ¶wZ c~i‡Yi
cwigvY †hwU †ekx bv nq †m cwigvY UvKv AwMªg wn‡m‡e g„Z kªwg‡Ki Dci wbf©ikxj †Kvb e¨w³‡K

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †m‡¶‡Î Kwgkbvi ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv †_‡K AwMÖg cÖ`Ë UvKv Kwgkbvi
wb‡qvMKZ©v‡K †diZ †`‡eb| 8(1) aviv
(2) ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ cwi‡kva†hvM¨ †h †Kvb cwigvY UvKv Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU Rgv ivLv hv‡e| Z‡e, D³
A‡_©i cwigvY 10 UvKvi mg cwigv‡Yi Kg n‡ebv| 8(2) aviv
(3) Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU RgvK…Z UvKvi iwk` `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi `wjj wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e| 8(3) aviv|
(4) g„Z †Kvb kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ AÎ avivi Dcaviv 1 Abyhvqx ¶wZc~iY eve` RgvK…Z UvKv †_‡K AbwaK 50
UvKv g„Z kªwg‡Ki `vd‡bi Rb¨ †K‡U †i‡L, †h e¨w³ D³ Kvh© mgvav K‡i‡Q Zv‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
AZci: evKx UvKv eÈ‡bi Rb¨ Kwgkbvi †bvwUk Rvwi K‡i g„Z kªwg‡Ki wbf©ikxj e¨w³‡ì‡K wbw`©ó
Zvwi‡L Zuvi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nevi wb‡`©k w`‡eb| Z_¨ AbymÜv‡bi ci hw` Kwgkbvi wbwðZ nb †h, g„Z
kªwg‡Ki †Kvb ‡cvl¨ †bB, †m †¶‡Î A_© Rgv †èvi 2 erm‡ii g‡a¨ miKvwi †M‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g g„Z
kªwg‡Ki Kj¨v‡Y ‡Kvb Znwe‡j D³ A_© Rgv w`‡eb| gvwjK hw` ¶wZc~iY eÈb m¤ú©‡K Rvb‡Z Pvb,
Z‡e Kwgkbvi h_vh_ weeiY Rgv w`‡eb|
(5) ‡Kvb g„Z kªwg‡Ki ¶wZc~iY eve` RgvK…Z UvKv 8(1) I 8(4) aviv Abymv‡i e¨wqZ A_© ev` †èvi
ci Kwgkbvi wbR we‡ePbvq hv hyw³ hy³ g‡b K‡ib, †m Abyhvqx g„Z kªwg‡Ki wbf©ikxj‡ì g†a¨
A_ev Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h †Kvb GK Rb‡K ¶wZc~i‡Yi Ae¨wqZ UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| 8(5) aviv
(6) g„Z kªwg‡Ki ¶wZc~iY eve` Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU cÖ`Ë A‡_©i cÖvcK hw` bvix ev AvBbMZ A¶gZvq
†fvM‡Q Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ bv nq †m‡¶Îmn Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡ÎI D³ A_© cÖK…Z cÖvc‡Ki wbKU cÖ`vb
Ki‡eb| 8(6) aviv
(7) Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU Mw”QZ ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKvi cÖvcK hw` †Kvb gwnjv ev AvBbMZ A¶gZvq †fvM‡Q
Ggb e¨w³ nq, †m‡¶‡Î D³ gwnjv ev A¶g e¨w³i Kj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ D³ A_© e¨q ev wewb‡qvM
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †h‡¶‡Î gRywii cÖvcK AvBb MZ A¶gZvq fyM‡Q, †m †¶‡Î Kwgkbvi Zvi wbR
we‡ePbvq ev Ab¨ Kv‡ivi Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z D³ A¶g e¨w³i †cvl¨ ev Ab¨ †Kvb †hvM¨Zv
m¤úbœ e¨w³‡K ¶wZc~i‡Yi A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 8(7) aviv
(8) ¶wZc~i‡Yi A_© hw` †KD RvwjqvwZ, wg_¨v cwiPq ev Ab¨ †Kvb Amr Dcv‡q MÖnY K‡i _v‡K Ges
AÎ AvB‡bi 8(8) aviv g‡Z Kwgkbvi †Kvb Av‡`k ms‡kvab Ki‡j 31 avivi weavb Abyhvqx
Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 8(9) aviv
(9) ïaygvÎ G AvB‡bi eë¯’v Øviv G AvB‡bi Aax‡b cÖ`Ë GKKvjxb A_© ev Aa©-gvwmK †eZb mswk- ó
kªwgK e¨wZZ Ab¨ †KD Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡bi gva¨‡g Kv‡iv Kv‡Q n¯’vš—i, †µvK, ev `vqe× Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv | 8(9) aviv
`yN©Ubvi weÁwß I ¶wZc~iY `vwe (Notice of Accident and claims of compansation) t 1923
mv‡ji ¶wZc~iY AvB‡b `yN©Ubvi e¨vwß I ¶wZc~iY `vwe m¤ú©‡K wbgœewY©Z weavb i‡q‡Q -
(1) †Kvb kªwgK †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq `yN©Ubvq wbcwZZ n‡j, hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e †m m¤ú©‡K
†bvwUk w`‡Z n‡e Ges GK erm‡ii g‡a¨ ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ Kwgkbv‡ii Kv‡Q `vwe †ck Ki‡Z n‡e|
Zv bv n‡j Kwgkbvi D³ `vwe Avg‡j bvI Avb‡Z cv‡ib| 10(1) aviv
AviI D‡jøL¨ †h, wb‡gœewY©Z Ae¯’vq †Kvb †bvwUk bv w`‡j ev †bvwU‡k †Kvb ÎywU-wePÿwZ _vK‡jI Zv
¶wZc~iY `vwei AšÍivq n‡e bv:

eëmvq AvBb
(K) †Kvb kªwgK hw` wb‡qvMKZ©vi GjvKvi g‡a¨ msNwUZ †Kvb `yN©Ubvq A_ev wb‡qvMKZ©vi
AvIZvaxb Ab¨ †Kvb ¯’v‡b Kv‡Ri mgq `yN©Ubvq gviv hvq A_ev wb‡qvMKvixi AvIZvaxb
GjvKvq †Q‡o hvevi c~‡e©B kªwgK gviv hvq; A_ev
(L) hw` †Kvb gvwjK ev gvwj‡Ki †Kvb cÖwZwbwa mswkªó `yN©Ubv m¤ú©‡K AewnZ n‡q _v‡Kb|
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, mwVK mg‡q †bvwUk bv †`qv n‡j ev mg‡qi g‡a¨ ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ `vwe
†ck bv Ki‡jI Kwgkbvi mš‘ó n‡j Kwgkbvi DÌvwcZ `vwe Avg‡j G‡b wb®úwË Kivq
eë¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 10(1) aviv
(2) `yN©Ubvi †bvwU‡k †h mKj welq D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wbgœiƒc: 10(2) aviv
K) AvnZ kªwg‡Ki bvg I wVKvbv;
L) `yN©Ubvi KviY;
M) `yN©Ubvi ZvwiL;
`~N©bvi †bvwUk wbgœewY©Z e¨w³MY‡K w`‡Z n‡e:
K) gvwjK ev wb‡qvMKvixi wbKU; A_ev
L) wb‡qvMKZ©v‡ì †h †Kvb GKR‡bi wbKU; A_ev
M) wbnZ kªwgK †h kvLvq Kg©iZ wQj †m kvLvi fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©vi wbKU|
(3) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó †kªYxi wb‡qvMKvixi Kg©¯’‡j wba©vwiZ GKwU †bvU eB ivLvi
eë¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges GwU Ggbfv‡e ivLvi wb‡`©k †`‡eb, hv‡Z †h †Kvb AvnZ kªwgK ev Zvi
c‡¶i †Kvb e¨w³ memgq mn‡RB †`L‡Z cv‡i| 10(3) aviv
(4) G avivi weavb g‡Z ‡Kvb †bvwUk cÖvc‡Ki evm¯’vb, Awdm ev Kviev‡ii wVKvbvq WvK †hv‡M wKsev
nv‡Z n‡Z cvVv‡Z n‡e| †bvwUk eB‡qi eë¯’v _vK‡j, †m ewn‡Z NUbv wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e| 10(4)
aviv
gvivZ¥K `yN©Ubv m¤ú‡K© wi‡cvU© t 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 10(K) avivq wb‡qvMKZ©vi
wbKU †_‡K `yN©Ubvq wbnZ nIqv m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ cvevi †¶‡Î Kwgkbv‡ii AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœewY©Z weavb
i‡q‡Q-
(1) Kwgkbvi hw` †h †Kvbfv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †h, †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb kªwgK `yN©Ubvq
g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Q, Zvn‡j wZwb †iwR÷ªvi WvK-†hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wb‡qvM KZ©v‡K D³ NUbv m¤ú‡K© Z_¨
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Ges D³ weÁwß cvevi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ gvwjK ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z
eva¨ wKbv †m m¤ú‡K© gvwj‡Ki my¯úó gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡eb|
(2) wb‡qvM KZ©v hw` g‡b K‡ib †h, D³ `yN©Ubvi Rb¨ Zv‡K ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z n‡e, †m‡¶‡Î gvwjK
Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU weÁwß cvevi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv Rgv w`‡eb|
(3) Z‡e, gvwjK hw` g‡b K‡ib †h, wZwb ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ bb Zvn‡j Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU †cÖwiZ
†bvwU‡k wZwb †Kvb ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ bb Zvi e¨vL¨v weeiYx‡Z D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|
(4) †m †¶‡Î wb‡qvMKZ©v kªwg‡Ki g„Zz¨‡Z ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ bb e‡j weiYx‡Z gZvgZ †ck Ki‡eb;
†m‡¶‡Î, Kwgkbvi D³ NUbvi Z`šÍ K‡i g„Z kªwg‡Ki wbf©ikxj‡ì Zvi gZvgZ Rvwb‡q w`‡eb
Ges ZLb g„Z kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ `vwe †ck Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖvYnvwb msµvšÍ `yN©Ubvi wi‡cvU© 10(N) aviv t ‡Kvb `yN©Ubvq kªwgK wbnZ n‡j D³ `yN©Ubv m¤ú‡K©
kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡b wb‡¤œv³ weavb i‡q‡Q-

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(1) eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ †Kvb AvBb Abyhvqx †Kvb KviLvbvq Kg©iZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb kªwgK `yN©Ubvq wbnZ n‡j
†m m¤ú‡K© wb‡qvMKZ©v ev wb‡qvMKZ©vi c‡¶ Ab¨ †KD †Kvb KZ…©c‡¶‡K †bvwU‡ki gva¨‡g Rvbv‡Z
eva¨ _vK‡j †m‡¶‡Î wb‡qvMKZ©v ev fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©v D³ `yN©Ubvq kªwg‡Ki g„Zzëi‡Yi KviY 7
w`‡bi g‡a¨ wPwýZ K‡i Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU wi‡cvU© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, miKvi hw` Ab¨ †Kvb KZ…©c¶‡K ‡bvwUk cÖ`vb Kivi wb‡`©k †`q, Zvn‡j
wb‡qvMKZ©v Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU wi‡cvU© †ck bv K‡i miKvi KZ©…K wba©vwiZ KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU wi‡cvU©
†ck Ki‡eb|
(2) miKvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g †h †Kvb †kªYxi KviLvbv hv G AvB‡bi
evB‡i Av‡Q Zv AÎ avivi Dcaviv (1) Gi weav‡bi AvIZvfy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G e¨wZZ
Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU †K weeiYx †ck Ki‡e ZvI miKvi D³ weÁwß‡Z wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
10(L) aviv|
Aby‡gvw`Z Kg©KZ©v KZ…©K ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ mycvwik (10) M
G DcavivwU 1980 mv‡ji 26 bs AvBb e‡j mshy³K…Z|
AÎ AvB‡bi 10 (M) aviv Abymv‡i ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv ‡Kvb Aby‡gvw`Z Kg©KZ©v KZ…©K cÖ`v‡bi mycvwi‡ki
‡¶‡Î wbgœ ewY©Z wewagvjv i‡q‡Q-
1| G AvBb Abymv‡i mswkøó kªwgK gvwj‡Ki wbKU ‡_‡K ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv †c‡Z e¨_© n‡j Abyiƒc NUbv
1965 mv‡ji KivLvbv AvB‡bi 9 aviv Abyhvqx cÖavb KvKLvbv cwi`k©K Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj
cwi`k©K G AvBb e‡j cwi`k©KMY wba©vwiZ c×wZ Abymv‡i Kwgkbvi‡K welwU AewnZ Ki‡eb|
2| 1860 mv‡ji `Ûwewai 21 aviv e‡j cÖavb cwi`k©K I cwi`k©KMY miKvwi Kg©Pvwi e‡j MY¨ n‡eb
Ges Zviv †h †Kvb hyw³ m½Z mg‡q ¶wZc~iY msµvšÍ wnmve cÖ`v‡bi wel‡q †h †Kvb Awd‡m cÖ‡ek
K‡i †iKW© cÎ cix¶v Ki‡Z, †h †Kvb e¨w³i mv¶¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z Ges G AvBb Abymv‡i ¶gZv
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3| 10(N) aviv‡Z ejv Av‡Q †h, kªwgKiv †h ¯’v‡b wbhy³ _v‡K Zvi cÖavb †M‡Ui wbKU †Kvb `„wó‡MvPi
¯’v‡b Bs‡iwR‡Z I evsjvq G AvB‡bi mswkøó mvivsk wj‡L jUKv‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
†Kvb kªwgK PvKzwi‡Z wbhy³ _vKvKv‡j ‡Kvb `yN©Ubvq AvNvZ ev RLg- cÖvß n‡j, †m wb‡qvM KZ©vi wbKU
†_‡K ¶wZc~iY cvevi AwaKvix| 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 4 avivi weavb gv‡Z `yN©Ubvq
†Kvb kªwgK AvnZ ev wbnZ n‡j mswkøó kªwgK gvwj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K ¶wZ-c~iY cvevi AwaKvix| ÒGK
gvm PvKzwii ci cÖvc¨ gRywii mgwó‡K gvwmK gRywi ejv nqÓ gvwmK gRywi mswkøó gv‡m ev Ab¨ †Kvb
Zvwi‡L ev wVKv wn‡m‡e, †h †Kvbfv‡e cÖ`vb Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb kªwgK `yN©Ubvq AvnZ n‡q gviv †M‡j
Zvi ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv ev ˆ`wnKfv‡e A¶gZvq †fvM‡Q Ggb †Kvb bvix kªwg‡Ki ¶wZc~i‡Yi GKKvjxb
UvKv Kwgkbv‡ii wbKU Rgv w`‡Z n‡e; Ab¨_vq ¶wZc~iY cwi‡kva Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e bv|

eëmvq AvBb
kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v, gvwjK‡ì w`Dwjqv Ae¯’v, Rvnv‡Ri bvweK I gv÷v‡ii Rb¨
we‡kl weavbvejx (Medical Examination, Insolvancy of Employer,
Special Provisions Relating to Masters and Seamean)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q AvB‡bi weavb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb-
kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
gvwjK‡ì †`Dwjqv Ae¯’v m¤ú©‡K AvB‡bi weavb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
Rvnv‡Ri bvweK I gv÷v‡ii Rb¨ we‡kl weavbmg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v t AÎ AvB‡bi 11 avivq `yN©Ubvq AvnZ kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v msµvšÍ AvB‡bi
weavb¸‡jv wbgœiƒc:
1) †Kvb kªwgK KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb `yN©Ubvq co‡j †m m¤ú©‡K †Kvb †bvwUk w`‡j Zv cvevi 3
w`‡bi g‡a¨ mswkøó kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡j kªwgK‡K †m my‡hvM cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
n‡e| †m‡¶‡Î wb‡qvMKZ©v GKRb †hvM¨ wPwKrmK Øviv ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ †Kvb
LiP kªwgK enb Ki‡e bv| G AvBb Abymv‡i gvwmK †eZb‡fvMx †h †Kvb kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ wb‡qvMKZ©v
gv‡S gv‡S cix¶v Kivi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j mswkøó e¨w³‡K ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kivi my‡hvM cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Z‡e, G AvB‡bi wewa e¨wZZ †Kvb kªwgK‡K †Kvb †hvM¨ wPwKrm‡Ki wbKU Dcw¯’Z n‡Z n‡e bv
A_ev wewa‡Z hZevi ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kivi K_v Av‡Q Zvi †P‡q †ekx evi ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bv hv‡e
bv|
2) Dc‡i DwjøwLZ wewa g‡Z †Kvb wb‡qvMKZ©v ev Kwgkbvi †Kvb kªwgK‡K ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Ki‡Z PvB‡j
†m hw` A¯^xKvi K‡i ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e evavi m„wó K‡i; Z‡e, ‡m mgqKv‡j D³ e¨w³i
¶wZc~i‡Yi †Kvb Av‡e`b MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| Z‡e, hw` hyw³msMZ †Kvb Kvi‡Y ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v
Kiv‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i †m‡¶‡Î G weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|
3) hw` †Kvb kªwgK Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v bv Kwi‡q Kg©¯’v&b Z¨vM K‡i, †m‡¶‡Î D³
kªwgK Kg©¯’‡j G‡m ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v bv Kiv‡bv ch©šÍ Zvi ¶wZc~i‡Yi AwaKvi ¯’wMZ _vK‡e|
4) G aviv Dcaviv (1) I (2) g‡Z †Kvb kªwg‡Ki ¶wZ c~i‡Yi `vwe ¯’wMZ Ae¯’vq †h DwjøwLZ `ywU
Dcavivi †h †Kvb GKwU weavb g‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ †hvM¨ wPwKrm‡Ki mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z nevi
c~‡e© g„ZyëiY Ki‡j Kwgkbvi hw` ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv hyw³hy³ g‡b K‡ib Zvn‡j
Kwgkbvi wbf©ikxj e¨w³/e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ ¶wZc~i‡Yi UvKv eÈ‡bi wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
5) Dcaviv (2) ev (3) Abyhvqx ¶wZc~iY jv‡fi AwaKvi †Kvb kªwg‡Ki ¯’wMZ _vK‡j ¯’wMZ
mgqKv‡ji Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv Ges (4) bs avivi Dcaviv (1) Gi (N) Aby‡”Q‡` DwjøwLZ
cÖwZgvm †kl nevi c~‡e© ¯’wMZ Kvj hZ w`b Pj‡Z _vK‡e ZZ w`‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ¶vKvj e„w× Kiv
hv‡e|
6) wb‡qvMKZ©v webv Li‡P †hvM¨ wPwKrmK Øviv †Kvb kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v I wPwKrmv Kivi cÖ¯Íve w`‡j
Zv hw` kªwgK A¯^xKvi K‡i A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© B”QvK…Z fv‡e Agvb¨ K‡i A_ev
Ab¨ †Kvb wPwKrm‡Ki Øviv ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v bv Kivi Rb¨ †m ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi ci B”QvK…Zfv‡e
wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© bv †g‡b Pjvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq, Z‡e A¯^xK…Z ev A¶gZv Am½Z n‡q‡Q Ges

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Zvi d‡j AvNv‡Zi AebwZ N‡U‡Q, †m‡¶‡Î AvNv‡Zi AebwZ I wbqwgZ wPwKrm‡Ki civgk©
Abyhvqx Pj‡j A¶gZvi gvÎv I †gqv` †h cÖK…wZi n‡Zv wVK †miƒc e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡e Ges †m
Abyhvqx mswkøó kªwgK ¶wZc~iY cvevi AwaKvix n‡e, Zvi †ekx bq|
7) AvnZ kªwgK I †hvM¨ wPwKrmK DfqB wb‡qvM KZ©vi KviLvbv cÖv½‡b Dcw¯’Z _vKv Kv‡j
wb‡qvMKZ©v hw` webv Li‡P ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi cÖ¯Íve w`‡j †m Abymv‡i ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi
Rb¨ Zvr¶wYKfv‡e wPwKrm‡Ki wbKU nvwRi n‡Z n‡e|
8) cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a AnZ kªwg‡Ki evm¯’v‡b ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wPwKrmK cvVv‡Z cv‡ib;
†m‡¶‡Î wPwKrm‡Ki AvnŸvb cvIqv gvÎ ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶vi Rb¨ wPwKrm‡Ki wbKU nvwRi n‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e, ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ gvwjK wjwLZfv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡i, †m‡¶‡Î D³ †bwU‡k DwjøwLZ
¯’vb I mg‡q ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ kªwgK‡K nvwRi n‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e, D‡jøL ‡h ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi mgq mÜ¨v 7Uv †_‡K mKvj 6Uvi g‡a¨ n‡Z cv‡ibv Ges
kªwgK hw` Ggb A¶g nq †h, Zvi c‡¶ evm¯’v‡bi evB‡i Ab¨ †Kvb ¯’v‡b ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bv
m¤¢e bq, †m‡¶‡Î D³ AvnZ kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v evm¯’v‡bB Kiv‡Z n‡e|
9) `yN©Ubvi d‡j †h kªwgK Aa©gvwmK gRywi †fvM Ki‡Q Zv‡K ïaygvÎ Zvi evm¯’v‡b ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bv
hv‡e| Z‡e, evm¯’vb e¨wZZ Ab¨ †Kv_vqI ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶vi Rb¨ Zje Kiv hv‡e bv| G ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶vi
Rb¨ Zje `yN©Ubv NUvi cieZ©x gv‡m 2 evi Ges cieZ©x mg‡q cÖwZ gv‡m gvÎ 1 evi K‡i ¯^v¯’¨
cix¶vi Rb¨ Zje Kiv hv‡e|
10) 11 avivi Dcaviv (2) I (3) Gi weavb Abyhvqx †h kªwg‡Ki ¶wZc~i‡Yi AwaKvi ¯’wMZ Av‡Q, †m
kªwgK hw` Zvi ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j Zuv‡K mswkøó KviLvbv ev gvwjK KZ…K wba©vwiZ
¯’v‡b I mg‡q nvwRi n‡q ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡qvMKZ©v ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ †h wbw`©ó
mgq kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kivi B”Qv cÖKv‡ki 72 NÈvi g‡a¨ n‡Z n‡e| G mg‡qi ci †Kvb mgq
wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡j mswkøó kªwg‡Ki m¤§wZ µ‡g n‡Z n‡e|
11) gwnjv kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Zv‡ì m¤§wZ e¨wZZ †Kvb cyiyl Wv³vi Øviv Kiv hv‡e bv| cyiyl Wv³vi
Øviv ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶vi †¶‡Î D³ gwnjv kªwg‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨ GK Rb gwnjv Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z n‡e| Z‡e,
gwnjv kªwgK hw` gwnjv wPwKrm‡Ki wba©vwiZ wd Rgv †`q Z‡e, †Kvbfv‡eB D³ gwnjv kªwg‡Ki
¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v †Kvb cyiyl Wv³vi Øviv Kiv‡bv hv‡ebv|
Rvnv‡Ri bvweK I gv÷v‡ii Rb¨ we‡kl weavbmg~n t

kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 15 avivq Rvnv‡Ri bvweK I gv÷v‡ii Rb¨ †h mKj weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q Zv
wbgœiƒc:
(1) †h‡¶‡Î Rvnv‡Ri gv÷vi ev‡` Ab¨ †KD Rvnv‡R KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq AvnZ n‡j Rvnv‡Ri gv÷vi‡K
gvwjK a‡i Zvi wbKU `yN©Ubvi weÁwß I ¶wZc~i‡Yi `vwe †ck Kiv hv‡e| †m mKj †¶‡Î
Rvnv‡Ri Af¨šÍixY `yN©Ubvi d‡j ˆ`wnK A¶gZv N‡U †m‡¶‡Î mswkøó kªwgK‡K `yN©Ubvi †bvwUk
†`qvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡e bv| 15(1) aviv
(2) †Kvb Rvnv‡Ri gv÷vi ev bvweK gviv †M‡j †m msev` cÖvwßi 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ ¶wZc~i‡Yi `vwe †ck
Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kvb Rvnv‡Ri mKj hvÎxmn RvnvR aŸsm nq, †m msev` cÖvwßi 18 gv‡mi g‡a¨
¶wZc~i‡Yi `vwe †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| 15(2) aviv
(3) †Kvb Rvnv‡Ri gv÷vi ev bvweK AvnZ Ae¯’vq PvKzwiPy¨Z n‡q †Kvb we‡`kx iv‡óª Ae¯’vb Ki‡j
†mB †`‡ki †Kvb wePviK ev Kbmyjvi G msµvšÍ gvgjvi mv¶¨ MÖnY Kivi mgq A_ev †Kvb miKvi
¶wZc~i‡Yi `vwe Kvh©Ki Kivi mgq M„nxZ mv¶¨ we‡ePbvq Avb‡e hw`-
eëmvq AvBb
K) cÖ`Ë mv¶¨ mswk ó wePviK ev Kbmyjvi KZ…© K mZ¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K;
L) weev`x ev Awfhy³ wb‡R ev Zuvi cÖwZwbwa Øviv mv¶x‡K wRÁvmvev` Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K; Ges
M) †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa Abymv‡i Awfhy‡³i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z mv¶¨MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
(4) †Kvb evwYwR¨K Rvnv‡Ri †¶‡Î mswkøó †`‡ki †Kvb AvBb Abymv‡i Rvnv‡Ri gvwjK KZ…©K AvnZ
gv÷vi ev bvwe‡Ki e¨qfvi enb Kiv n‡q _vK‡j, H mgqKv‡ji Rb¨ mswkøó e¨w³‡K †Kvb fvZv
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e bv|
(5) †h mKj RL‡gi d‡j 1939 mv‡ji hy× fvZv I AvUK fvZv ¯‹x‡gi Aax‡b A_ev 1941 mv‡ji hy×
fvZv weavb Abymv‡i A_ev 1969 mv‡ji †cbkb AvBb (†bfx, Awg©, Gqvi †dvm©, I evwYwR¨K †bŠ-
hvb) Abyhvqx A_ev 1942 mv‡ji hy× fvZv I AvUK fvZvi weavb Abyhvqx miKvi MªvPzwqwU,
†cbkb, ev Ab¨ †Kvb fvZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Q, †mmKj †¶‡Î †Kvb fvZv cÖ`vb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv|
(6) †Kvb `yN©Ubvi †bvwUk ev ¶wZc~i‡Yi `vwe Zvgvw` ev we‡ePbvi A‡hvM¨ n‡ebv, hw`:
K) c„e©eZ©x Aby‡”Q` A_©r 15(5) aviv‡Z ewY©Z †h †Kvb cwKíbvi Aax‡b ¶wZc~iY cwi‡kv‡ai
Av‡e`b Kiv n‡q _v‡K; Ges
L) †h ¯‹xg ev cwiKíbv Abymv‡i ìLv¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q, RLgwU Zvi AvIZvfy³ G g‡g© miKvi
mvwU©wd‡KU `vb K‡i ¶wZc~i‡Yi eë¯’v MÖnY K‡i _vK‡j, A_ev Av‡e`b AMÖvn¨ n‡j A_ev RLgwU
ZvwjKv fw³i g‡a¨ bv nevi ìyY ¶wZc~iY ïiy Kivi ci Zv Avevi eÜ Kiv n‡j; Ges
M) miKvi KZ…K ¯^xK…wZ `v‡bi ZvwiL n‡Z GKgv‡mi g‡a¨ AvBb Abyhvqx ïbvwbi KvR ïiy n‡q
_vK‡j|
cvV ms‡¶c
†Kvb kªwgK KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb `yN©Ubvq co‡j †m m¤ú©‡K †Kvb †bvwUk w`‡j Zv cvevi 3 w`‡bi g‡a¨
mswkøó kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡j kªwgK‡K †m my‡hvM cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| †h‡¶‡Î
Rvnv‡Ri gv÷vi ev‡` Ab¨ †KD Rvnv‡R KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq AvnZ n‡j Rvnv‡Ri gv÷vi‡K gvwjK a‡i Zvi
wbKU `yN©Ubvi weÁwß I ¶wZc~i‡Yi `vwe †ck Kiv hv‡e|

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Kwgkbvi (Commissioner)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb:
Kwgkbv†ii msÁv I wb‡qvM;
Kwgkbv‡ii GLwZqvi;
Kwgkbv‡ii ¶gZv I Kvh©c×wZ; Ges
Kwgkbv‡ii Av‡`‡ki weiy‡× Avcxj msµvšÍ weavb|
Kwgkbvi I Zvi GLwZqvi t kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 19(1) aviv g‡Z G AvBb Abymv‡i ¶wZc~iY
cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvb AvnZ e¨w³ kªwgK wKbv G ai‡bi cÖkœmn e¨w³i ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi `vq A_ev
A¶gZvi cÖK…wZ I mxgv mg‡× †Kvb cÖkœmn ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY I mgq m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvwcZ n‡j
Ges GmKj cÖkœ msµvšÍ wel‡q c¶mg~‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úv`b bv n‡j GmKj wel‡q Kwgkbvi
wb®úwË Ki‡eb|
G AvB‡bi 19(2) aviv‡Z AviI ejv n‡q‡Q ‡h, G wb®úwË wm×všÍ ev we‡ePbv Kivi gZ AvBb Abyhvqx ‡h
mKj cÖkœ m¤ú‡K© wb®úwË, wm×všÍ MÖnY ev we‡ePbv Kivi `vq`vwqZ¡ Kwgkbv‡ii Dci b¨¯Í Av‡Q, D³
welqmg~‡ni Dci wm×všÍ MÖnY ev we‡ePbv Kivi ¶gZv †Kvb †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Z _vK‡e bv|
Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡qvM (Appointment of Commissioner) t

1| miKvi kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 20 aivi ¶gZv e‡j †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g kªg
Av`vj‡Zi †Pqvig¨vb ev kªg AvBb m¤^‡× †h †Kvb †hvM¨ e¨w³‡K kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨
hZ msL¨K cÖ‡qvRb Kwgkbvi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †h GjvKvi Rb¨ Kwgkbvi wb‡qvM Kiv n‡e
ZvI weÁwß‡Z D‡jøL Kiv _vK‡e| 20(1) aviv
2| †h †¶‡Î GKB GjvKvq GKvwaK Kwgkbvi wb‡qvM Kiv nq, †m †¶‡Î weÁwßi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GjvKv I `vq-`vwqZ¡ wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb|
3| G AvB‡b AviI weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q †h, Kwgkbvi Zvi wbKU Dc¯’vwcZ wel‡q wm×vš— MÖn‡Y Zv‡K
mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ mswkøó wel‡q weÁ GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³‡K m‡½ wb‡Z cvi‡eb| 20(3) aviv
4| evsjv‡`‡ki †dŠR`vix `Ûwewai AvBb Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K Kwgkbvi GKRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v e‡j MY¨
n‡eb| 20(4) aviv
Kwgkbv‡ii ¶gZv I Kvh© c×wZ (Power and Procedure of Commissioner) t
1923 mv‡ji ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 23 aviv Abyhvqx wbgœewY©Z †¶‡Î G AvB‡bi †Kvb Kvh©aviv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z
KwgkbviMY 1908 mv‡ji †Ìqvbx Kvh© wewai Avax‡b †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Zi mKj ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb:
K) kc_ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mv¶¨ MÖnY Kiv;
L) mv¶x‡ì‡K mv¶¨ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ nvwRi Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv;
eëmvq AvBb
M) mswkøó wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjjcÎ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv;

G avivq AviI ejv n‡q‡Q †h, 1898 mv‡ji †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewai 35 b¤î cwi‡”Q‡ì 195 avivi D‡Ïk¨
AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K Kwgkbvi GKwU K‡i †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Zi mggh©`v †fvM Ki‡eb|
35 bs wewa‡Z AviI ejv Av‡Q ‡h, †Kvb `yN©Ubvq AvNvZ cÖvwßi wel‡q †Kvb welq wePvivaxb _vK‡j
Kwgkbvi `yN©Ubv¯’vb m‡iRwg‡b Z`šÍ Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges NUbv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Zv
gvgjvi †iKW© wn‡m‡e ms‡¶‡c wjwce× K‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e, Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ ev mv¶¨ MÖnY Kivi Rb¨
wZwb †Kvb Kwgkb cvVv‡Z cvi‡eb bv |
Kwgk‡bi Av‡`‡ki weiy‡× Avcxj (Appeal Againest the Order of a Commission) t kªwgK‡ì
¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 30 avivi weavb g‡Z Kwgkbv‡ii wbgœewY©Z Av‡`‡ki weiy‡× kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡j
Avcxj Kiv hv‡e-
K) gvwmK gRywii `vq †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ A_ev ¶wZc~iY wn‡m‡e GKKvjxb A_© cÖ`v‡bi †Kvb m¤ú~Y© ev
AvswkK bvgÄyiRwbZ †h †Kvb Av‡`k;
L) gvwmK gRywi cÖ`v‡bi `vq †_‡K Ae¨vnwZi Av‡e`b LvwiR msµvšÍ †Kvb Av‡`k;
M) g„Z kªwg‡Ki wbf©ikxj e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ ¶wZc~iY eÈb msµvšÍ †Kvb Av‡`k ev †Kvb g„Z e¨w³i
wbf©ikxj e‡j `vwe`vi e¨w³i Av‡e`b bv gÄyi †Kvb Av‡`k;
N) G AvB‡bi 12(2) aviv g‡Z ¶wZc~i‡Yi †Kvb A‡_©i `vwe gÄyi ev bv gÄyi msµvšÍ †Kvb Av‡`k;
O) †Kvb Pzw³i kZ©bvgv wbeÜb Kiv, ev Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi Kiv ev kZ© mv‡c‡¶ †mwU wbeÜb Kivi Av‡`k;
Z‡e, mswkøó c¶mg~n Kwgkbv‡ii ivq †g‡b Pj‡Z GKgZ n‡j ev c¶mg~‡ni ga¨Kvi Pzw³
ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Kwgkbvi Av‡`k cÖ`vb Ki‡j †m‡¶‡Î †Kvb Avcxj Kiv hv‡e bv|
P) AÎ AvB‡bi 8 avivi 7 Dcaviv †gvZv‡eK †Kvb Av‡`k|
AviI D‡j- L¨ †h, Avcxj Av‡e`‡b †Kvb AvBbMZ welq RwoZ bv _vK‡j Kwgkbv†ii †Kvb Av‡`‡ki
wei“‡× Avcxj Kiv hv‡e bv Ges 30 avivi ÔLÕ Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z Av‡`k Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Av‡`‡ki †¶‡Î
Avcx‡ji weZ©wKZ UvKvi cwigvY 1000 UvKvi Kg n‡j Avcxj Kiv hv‡ebv|
G aviv Abymv‡i 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Avcxj Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvgvw` AvB‡bi 5 bs avivq wej¤^ gIKz‡di †h
weavb Av‡Q Zv G †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡ebv|
cvV ms‡¶c
kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 19(1) aviv g‡Z G AvBb Abymv‡i ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvb AvnZ
e¨w³ kªwgK wKbv G ai‡bi cÖkœmn e¨w³i ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi `vq A_ev A¶gZvi cÖK…wZ I mxgv mg‡×
†Kvb cÖkœmn ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY I mgq m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvwcZ n‡j Ges GmKj cÖkœ msµvšÍ wel‡q
c¶mg~‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb Pzw³ m¤úv`b bv n‡j GmKj wel‡q Kwgkbvi wb®úwË Ki‡eb| 1923 mv‡ji
¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi 23 aviv Abyhvqx G AvB‡bi †Kvb Kvh©aviv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z KwgkbviMY 1908 mv‡ji
†Ìqvbx Kvh© wewai Avax‡b †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Zi mKj ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY
AvB‡bi 30 avivi weavb g‡Z Kwgkbv‡ii Av‡`‡ki weiy‡× kªg Avcxj UªvBeybv‡j Avcxj Kiv hv‡e-

weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
msw¶ß cÖkœvejx
1| 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb †gvZv‡eK wbgœewY©Z msÁv wjLyb t
K) wbf©ikxj, L) wb‡qvM KZ©v, M) †hvM¨ wPwKrmK, N) AvswkK A¶gZv,
O) gvbwmK A¶gZv, P) gRywi, Q) ¯’vqx A¶gZv|
2| ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b

K) Kwgkbvi,
L) KLb GKRb kªwgK ¶wZc~iY cv‡e,
M) †Kvb †Kvbv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †bvwUk bv w`‡j `vwec~i‡Y evavi m„wó n‡e bv?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœvejx
1. wK wK Ae¯’vq GKRb gvwjK Zuvi kªwg‡Ki PvKzwii Rb¨ Ges PvKzwi PjvKvjxb Ae¯’vq `yN©Ubvi Rb¨
¶wZc~iY w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
2. kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb 1923 Abyhvqx wK Aeš’vq gvwjK ¶wZc~iY w`‡q _v‡K? G e¨vcv‡i †bvwUk
I `vwe Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡Q wK? †bvwU‡ki cÖwµqv eY©bv Kiyb|
3. †Kvb& ‡Kvb& Ae¯’vq GKRb kªwgK 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi Aax‡b ¶wZc~iY `vwe
Ki‡Z cv‡i? GK Rb wb‡qvMKvix wKfv‡e ¶wZc~i‡Yi `vq †_‡K Ae¨nwZ †c‡Z cv‡ib?
4. kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨ ¶wZc~i‡Yi cwigvY wba©viY msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv Kiyb| G
AvBb Abymv‡i gRywi wnmve eY©bv Kiyb|
5. ¶wZc~iY eÈb msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv Kiyb|
6. `yN©Ubvi weÁwß I ¶wZc~iY `vwe msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv Kiyb|
7. 1923 mv‡ji kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY AvBb Abymv‡i kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cix¶v msµvšÍ wewa-weavb Av‡jvPbv
Kiyb|
8. Rvnv‡Ri †bŠcwZ I bvweK‡ì Rb¨ 1923 mv‡ji ¶wZc~iY AvB‡bi we‡kl weavbmg~n eY©bv Kiyb|
9. Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡qvM, ¶gZv I Kvh©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© eb©bv Kiyb|
10. Kwgkbv‡ii Av‡`‡ki weiy‡× Avcxj msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv Kiyb|

BDwbU
6
kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb-1965
The Employment of Labour (Standing Order)
f~wgKv
kªwgK‡ì hviv wewfbœ †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K I wkí cÖwZôvbmg~‡n wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q, Zv‡ì PvKzwii kZ©vejx
wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ 1960 mv‡j Z`vwbšÍb cvwK¯Ív‡b wkí I evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx
Aa¨v‡`k) Aa¨v‡`k †NvlYv Kiv nq| cieZ©x‡Z 1965 mv‡j Aa¨v‡`kwU evwZjc~e©K wKQz ms‡kvabmn
kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb 1965 mv‡j cvk Kiv nq| c‡i 1972, 1978, 1985 mv‡j wKQz wKQz
cwieZ©b Kiv n‡jI 1965 mv‡ji kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb bv‡g cwiwPZ| G AvBbwU
†emiKvwifv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq Ges evwYwR¨K wkí cÖwZôvb ev †`vKv‡b wbhy³ Kg©Pvwi‡ì PvKzwii kZ©mg~n
wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ ejer i‡q‡Q | G AvBb mswkøó cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Kg©Pvwi‡ì PvKzwi †_‡K AvcmviY,
eiLv¯Í, ax‡i KvR Kiv, QvUvB, †j-Ad, PvKzwii kZ©, QzwU I AeKvk, ¶wZc~iY kvw¯Í`v‡bi c×wZ cÖZ…wZ
wel‡q weavbmg~n ewY©Z Av‡Q| webv Kvi‡Y KvD‡K PvKywiPy¨wZ Ki‡j Zvi cÖwZweavb m¤ú©‡K ejv Av‡Q|
Avgiv cieZ©x cvV¸‡jv‡Z D³ welqmg~n m¤ú©‡K AvB‡bi weavb¸‡jv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
AvIZv KwZcq msÁv I kªwgK‡ì †kªYxwefvM

(Scope, Definitions and Classification of Workes)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
G AvB‡bi AvIZv I cÖ‡qvM m¤ú©‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
G AvB‡b eëüZ KwZcq k‡ãi msÁv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
kªwgK‡ì †kªYx wefvM I wk¶vbwek Kvj m¤ú©‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvB‡bi AvIZv I cÖ‡qvM t

G AvBbwU mviv evsjv‡`‡k ejer †hvM¨ Ges G †`‡ki evwYwR¨K wkí cÖwZôvb Ges †`vKvbcv‡U wb‡qvwRZ
kªwgK ev Kg©Pvwi‡ì PvKzwii kZ©mg~n wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ G AvB‡biwU ejer Av‡Q |
G AvB‡bi weavbmg~n wbgœwjwLZ †¶Î¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ t
K. 1951 mv‡j c~e©e½ †`vKvb I cÖwZôvb AvB‡bi Avbyiƒc mKj †`vKvbcvU I cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ |
L. 1951mv‡j c~e©e½ †`vKvb I cÖwZôvb AvBb †h mKj AÂ‡j cÖ‡hvR¨ wQj, evsjv‡`‡ki †m mKj
AÂ‡ji mKj wkí cÖwZôv‡b G AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨;
M. evsjv‡`‡ki mKj ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z cÖwZwU wkí cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b 5 ev ZZwaK †jvK Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ
Av‡Qb ev c~e©eZ©x 12 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †Kvb GK w`b Kg©iZ wQ‡jb, †m mKj wkí cÖwZôv‡bI G AvBb
cÖ‡hvR¨;
GLv‡b D‡j- L Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, †h mKj wkí cÖwZôvb, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb ev †`vKvb miKvwi
cwiPvjbvq ev gvwjKbvq Ges †hLv‡b wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³MY miKvwi Kg©Pvwi‡ì PvKzwi wbqš¿Y wewai
Aaxb, †m †¶‡Î G AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|
msÁv t welq I cÖm‡½i wecixZ bv n‡j G AvBb Abyhvqx-

K) Ôwk¶vbwemÕ A_© n‡jv †h e¨w³ KvR wkL‡Q Ges KvR wk¶vKv‡j fvZv †c‡q _v‡K, Zv‡K eySvb n‡e;
L) Ôe`jx kªwgKÕ A_© mvgwqKfv‡e Abycw¯’Z ¯’vqx ev wk¶vbwem †Kvb kªwg‡Ki wecixZ †h kªwgK‡K KvR
Kivi AbygwZ †`qv nq;
M) ÔmvgwqK kªwgKÕ ej‡Z †h kªwgK‡K mvgwqKfv‡e Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q;
N) ÔevwYwR¨K cÖwZôvbÕ A_© weÁvcb cÖPvi, Kwgkb A_ev gvj Pvjvwb eëmv cÖwZôvb, A_ev †Kvb evwYwR¨K
G‡RwÝ Ges †hLv‡b evwYwR¨K ms¯’vi †KivYxi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wefvM, †h †Kvb evwYwR¨K ev wkí
cÖwZôv‡bi gvwj‡Ki mv‡_ eëmvq Pzw³‡Z Ave× e¨w³ Kg©Pvwi wb‡qvM w`‡q eëmv K‡i; Giƒc Awdm,
†Kvb G‡R›U ev hy³÷K †Kv¯úvwbi †h †Kvb BDwbU, †Kvb exgv †Kv¤úvwb, †h †Kvb e¨vswKs †Kv¤úvwb ev
e¨vsK, †Kvb †eªvKv‡ii Awdm ev †kqvi evRvi, †Kvb K¬ve, †Kvb †nv‡Uj ev †i‡¯—viv ev †Kvb Lvev‡ii
†`vKvb, †Kvb wm‡bgv ev w_‡qUvi, A_ev miKvi, †M‡RU weÁwßi gva¨‡g †h †Kvb †kªYxi cÖwZôvb ev
ms¯’v‡K G AvB‡bi AvIZvaxb e‡j †NvlYv K‡ib|
O) Ôkªg cwiPvjKÕ ej‡Z miKvi Øviv D³c‡` wbhy³ Awdmvi‡K †evSvq;
BDwbU Qq c„ôv-162
eëmvq AvBb
P) ÔPvKzwi n‡Z AcmviYÕ ej‡Z ˆ`wnK ev gvbwmK w`K n‡Z A¶gZv ev µgvMZ Amy¯’Zv ev G ai‡bi
Am`vPiY e¨wZZ, G ai‡bi Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvwjK KZ„©K †Kvb kªwg‡Ki PvKzwiPÿZ Kiv‡K †evSvq;
Q) ÔeiLv¯’KiYÕ ej‡Z Am`vPvi‡bi Kvi‡Y gvwjK †Kvb kªwg‡Ki Kg©PÿwZ Kiv‡K eySvq;
R) ÔgvwjKÕ ej‡Z †Kvb †`vKv‡bi ev evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKbvq ev eë¯’vcbvq
AwawôZ †Kvb e¨w³eM©, wewae× ms¯’v, †Kv¤úvwb ev cÖwZôvb, Zv‡ì DIivwaKvix Ges G mv‡_ wb‡æv³
e¨w³ ;
1. †Kvb KviLvbvi g¨v‡bRvi;
2. †Kvb ¯’vqx KZ©…c¶ ev Gi c‡¶ cwiPvwjZ †Kvb †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi fvicÖvß
†Kvb Kg©KZv ev cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZv, Ges Ab¨ †Kvb †`vKv‡bi, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î
cÖ‡Z¨K cwiPvjK, eë¯’vcK, mwPe, cÖwZwbwa, eë¯’vcbvi mv‡_ RwoZ Ges ZË¡veavb I wbqš¿‡Yi
Rb¨ gvwj‡Ki wbKU `vqx Ab¨ †Kvb Kg©KZv ev e¨w³;
S) ax‡i KvR Kivi A_© n‡jv wKQz msL¨K kªwgK Øviv ms½e×fv‡e, D‡Ïk¨g~jK I †¯^”Qvq Kv‡Ri
¯^vfvweK ev Drcv`b g¯’i Kiv, Z‡e hv hvwš¿K ÎywU, hš¿cvwZ A‡K‡Rv nIqv, we`¨r mievi‡n wewNœZ
nIqv, wKsev hš¿vsk ev KuvPvgvj mievin e¨nZ nevi Kvi‡Y N‡Uwb;
T) Ôwkí cÖwZôvbÕ ej‡Z ‡Kvb KviLvbv ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b †Kvb cY¨ Drcv`b, ms‡hvRb ev
cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq, A_ev †hLv‡b eënvi, cwienb, weµq ev Pvjv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ †Kvb `ªe¨ ev `ªe¨vsk ‰Zix
Kiv, cwieZ©b Kiv, †givgZ Kiv, SvjvB Kiv kªe„w× Kiv, ev c¨vwKs Kiv nq A_ev †bŠhvbmn †h
†Kvb ai‡bi hvbevnbmn †m¸‡jv‡K miKvi †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g G AvB‡bi AvIZvq wkí
cÖwZôvb e‡j †NvwlZ n‡e Ges Gi mv‡_ wb‡æv³ cÖwZôvb¸‡jv hy³ n‡e :
1. †h †Kvb gUi evm mvwf©m, WK, †cvZvkªq ev †RwU;
2. †h †Kvb Lwb, M¨vm wdì ev †Zj D‡Ëvjb †¶‡Î;
3. †h †Kvb evMvb; A_ev
4. 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvBb Øviv wbqwš¿Z †h †Kvb KviLvbv;
U) Ôkªg Av`vjZÕ ej‡Z 1963 mv‡ji wkí we‡iva Aa¨v‡`k Abyhvqx MwVZ †h †Kvb Av`vjZ;
V) Ô†j-AdÕ n‡jv we`y¨r ev KuvPvgv‡ji ¯^íZv ev hš¿cvwZ weKj nIqv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvwjK KZ„K
Zvi †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gv÷vi †iv‡j bvg AšÍfy©³ i‡q‡Q Giƒc kªwgK‡K PvKywi‡Z
envj ivL‡Z e¨_© I A¯^xK„wZ ev A¶gZv cÖKvk Kiv;
W) Ô¯’vqx kªwgKÕ ej‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e wbhy³ kªwgK ev †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b wbhy³ †h kªwgK Zvi
wk¶vbwe‡ki †gqv` m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e †kl K‡i‡Q;
X) ÔevMvbÕ ej‡Z wmb‡Kvbv, evevi, Kwd ev Pv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ msiw¶Z evMvb Ges Zvi mv‡_ wPwb
K‡ji Aax‡b AvL Lvgvi †hLv‡b D³ D‡Ï‡k¨ 25 Rb ev Zvi †ewk †jvK Kv‡R wbhy³ Av‡Q ;
Y) ÔmiKvwi Kg©PvwiÕ A_© 1860 mv‡ji `Û wewai 21 avivq hv‡ì‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q;
Z) Ôwk¶vbwekÕ ej‡Z Ggb kªwgK‡K eySv‡e hv‡K ¯’vqx c` c~i‡Yi wbwg†Ë A¯’vqxfv‡e Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv
n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi wk¶vbwe‡mi †gqv` GLbI †kl nqwb;
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
_) ÔQuvUvBÕ ej‡Z †Kvb kvw¯’g~jK eë¯’v wn‡m‡e bv n‡q cÖ‡qvRb †bB e‡j gvwjK KZ…©K ‡Kvb kªwgK‡K
PvKzwi †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ `vb Kiv‡K eySv‡e;
`) Ô†`vKvbÕ n‡PQ 1951 mv‡ji c~e©e½ †`vKvb I cÖwZôvb AvBb Abyhvqx †h mKj †`vKvb‡K eySvb nq, Zv‡K
eySv‡e;
a) ÔA¯’vqx kªwgKÕ n‡jv A¯’vqx ai‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvMK…Z kªwgK Ges hvi KvR Aí wKQz w`‡bi g‡a¨ †kl
n‡e ;
b) Ô†UªW BDwbqbÕ ej‡Z 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤ú©K Aa¨v‡`‡ki Aax‡b wbeÜbK„Z †Kvb BDwbq‡K eySv‡e;
c) ÔgRywiÕ ej‡Z 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb Abyhvqx msÁvwqZ gRywi‡K eySv‡e;
d) ÔkªwgKÕ ej‡Z †Kvb †`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ †Kvb `¶, Avav`¶,
A`¶, KvwiMwi, evwYR¨-msµvšÍ, ev †KivYx ai‡bi Kv‡R gRywi wfwË‡Z wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³
(wk¶vbwemmn), Zvi PvKywii kZ© e¨³ ev Ae¨³ †hfv‡e nDK bv †Kb, Zuv‡K eySv‡e; Z‡e wbgœewY©Z
e¨w³eM© kªwgK e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv :
1. cÖavbZt Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv-msµvšÍ cÖkvmwbK `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ e¨w³; A_ev
2. Z`viwKi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ †m e¨w³, †h Zvi `vwqZ¡ wn‡m‡e ,A_ev cÖvß ¶gZv e‡j eë¯’vcbv ev
cÖkvmwbK Kv‡R `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
PvKzwii kZ©vejx (Conditions of Work) t AÎ AvB‡bi 3 avivq †`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b
wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì PvKzwii kZ© msµvšÍ wel‡q weavb¸‡jv wbgœiƒc :
1| cÖ‡Z¨K †`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK Ges mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ welq G
AvB‡bi weavb †gvZv‡eK wbqwš¿Z n‡e|
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K, †h †Kvb †`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b kªwgK‡ì ev †h †Kvb
†kªYxi Kg©Pvwi‡ì PvKzwi wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ wbR¯^ wewagvjv _vK‡j D³ wewagvjv kªwgK‡ì G AvB‡bi
weavb A‡c¶v Kg myweav n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
2| Dcaviv 1 Gi kZ© Abymv‡i †Kvb †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôvb ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b kªwgK‡ì ev
Ab¨ †Kvb †kªYxi Kg©Pvwi‡ì PvKywi wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ wbR¯^ bxwZgvjv _vK‡j Zv 30 avivi Aax‡b
wbhy³ cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU D³ †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ cvVv‡eb
Ges cwi`k©K D³ PvKzwii wewagvjv Aby‡gv`b bv Kiv ch©š‘ Zv Kg©Pvwi‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e
bv|
1. Dcaviv (2) Abymv‡i cwi`k©‡Ki Av‡`‡k AmšÍó †h †Kvb e¨w³ D³ Av‡`k Rvwii 30 w`‡bi
g‡a¨ cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki wbKU Avcxj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cÖavb cwi`k©K cwi`k©‡Ki †`qv Av‡`k
we‡k- lYc~e©K envj ivL‡Z ms‡kvab Ki‡Z ev evwZj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
2. Dcaviv (3) Abymv‡i cÖavb cwi`k©‡Ki iv‡qi weiƒ‡× D³ Av‡`k Rvwii 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨
miKv‡ii wbKU wØZxq evi Avcxj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges miKvi KZ…©K cÖ`Ë wm×všÍB P~ovšÍ e‡j
MY¨ Kiv n‡e Ges G Av‡`‡ki weiy‡× †Kvb Avcxj Kiv hv‡e bv|
3| kªwgK‡ì †kªYx wefvM I wk¶vbwe‡mi mgqKvj;
eëmvq AvBb
kªwgK‡ì †kªYx wefvM:

(1) 1965 mv‡ji kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvB‡bi 4 aviv Abymv‡i kªwgK‡ì 6wU †kªYx†Z fvM Kiv
n‡q‡Q hv wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
(K) wk¶vbwem (Apprentice) t wk¶vbwem ej‡Z Ggb kªwgK‡K eySvq †h, KvR wkL‡Q Ges G
KvR †kLvi mgq †h fvZv cvq|
(L) e`jx (Badli) t †Kvb ¯’vqx ev wk¶vbwem kªwg‡Ki mvgwqK Abycw¯’wZ‡Z hv‡K w`‡q Abycw¯’Z
kªwg‡Ki ¯’‡j KvR Kivb nq, Zv‡K e`jx kªwgK e‡j|
(M) mvgwqK (Casual) t †h kªwgK‡K A¯’vqx fv‡e Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv nq, Zv‡K A¯’vqx kªwgK
e‡j|
(N) ¯’vqx (Permanent) t ¯’vqxfv‡e wbhy³ A_ev ‡h e¨w³ mswkøó †Kvb †`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K ev
wkí cÖwZôv‡b m‡š—vlRbKfv‡e wk¶vbwe‡mi †gqv` †kl Ki‡Q, Zv‡K ¯’vqx kªwgK e‡j|
(O) cix¶vaxb (Probitioner) t †h kªwgK‡K ¯’vqx c‡` wb‡qv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ kZ©vax‡b wb‡qvM †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q Ges GLbI hvi D³ cix¶vaxb mgq †kl nqwb, Zv‡K cix¶vaxb kªwgK e‡j|
(P) A¯’vqx (Temporary) t †h kªwgK‡K †Kvb A¯’vqx Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡qvM Kiv nq; Ges †m KvR
wKQz w`‡bi g‡a¨B †kl n‡q hv‡e, Zv‡K A¯’vqx kªwgK e‡j|
wk¶vbwemKvj t
2. †KivYx cÖK…wZi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì †¶‡Î wk¶vbwemKvj 6 gvm Ges Ab¨ ai‡bi
kªwgK‡ì †¶‡Î D³ mgq mxgv n‡e 3 gvm| Z‡e, `¶ kªwg‡Ki `¶Zv 3 gv‡m cix¶v Kiv m¤¢e bv
n‡j, ‡m †¶‡Î Zvi wk¶vbwemKvj AviI wZb gvm e„w× Kiv hv‡e|
D‡j L¨ †h, QzwUi Rb¨ Kg© weiwZ, †e-AvBbx Zvjve× ev ag©NU ( †e-AvBbx ag©NU b‡n) Pjvi
mgqI Dnvi Aš—©fy³ n‡e|
(3) †Kvb kªwgK hw` wk¶vbwem _vKvKvjxb mg‡qi g‡a¨ Dcavivi weavb g‡Z `¶ kªwg‡Ki †¶‡Î
AwZwi³ wZb gvm mgq Kv‡j PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯Í Kiv nq Ges GKB gvwjK hw` Zv‡K eiLv¯Í
†_‡K wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb mgq Zv‡K cyb:wb‡qvM †`q Ges ¯’vqxfv‡e wb‡qvM †`qv bv nq, Z‡e
Zv‡K wk¶vbwem e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e; Zvi †gvU wk¶vbwe‡mi mgqKvj wnmve Kivi mgq c~e©eZx
wk¶vbwem mgqKv‡ji AšÍ©fy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
(4) †Kvb ¯’vqx kªwgK‡K †Kvb bZzb c‡` wk¶vbwem wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶vbwem mgqKv‡ji
g‡a¨ †h †Kvb mgq D³ kªwgK Zvi cyivZb ¯^c‡` wd‡i †h‡Z cv‡i|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cvV ms‡¶c
kªwgK wb‡qvM AvBb Abyhvqx Ôwk¶vbwemÕ A_© n‡jv †h e¨w³ KvR wkL‡Q Ges KvR wk¶vKv‡j fvZv †c‡q
_v‡K, Zv‡K eySvb n‡e; Ôe`jx kªwgKÕ A_© mvgwqKfv‡e Abycw¯’Z ¯’vqx ev wk¶vbwem †Kvb kªwg‡Ki
wecixZ †h kªwgK‡K KvR Kivi AbygwZ †`qv nq; ÔmvgwqK kªwgKÕ ej‡Z †h kªwgK‡K mvgwqKfv‡e Kv‡R
wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q; ÔgvwjKÕ ej‡Z †Kvb †`vKv‡bi ev evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKbvq
ev eë¯’vcbvq AwawôZ †Kvb e¨w³eM©, wewae× ms¯’v, †Kv¤úvwb ev cÖwZôvb, Zv‡ì DIivwaKvix cÖ‡Z¨K
†`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK Ges mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ welq G AvB‡bi weavb
†gvZv‡eK wbqwš¿Z n‡e| †KivYx cÖK…wZi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡ì †¶‡Î wk¶vbwemKvj 6 gvm
Ges Ab¨ ai‡bi kªwgK‡ì †¶‡Î D³ mgq mxgv n‡e 3 gvm| †Kvb ¯’vqx kªwgK‡K †Kvb bZzb c‡`
wk¶vbwem wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶vbwem mgqKv‡ji g‡a¨ †h †Kvb mgq D³ kªwgK Zvi cyivZb
¯^c‡` wd‡i †h‡Z cv‡i|
eëmvq AvBb
QywU I AeKvk, KvR eÜ ivLv I †j-Ad

(Leave and Holidays, Stopage of Work and Lay-off)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
QzwU I AeKvk m¤ú©‡K AvB‡bi weavb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
GKRb gvwjK KLb Zvi cÖwZôvb e× ivL‡Z cv‡eb Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
†j-Ad msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavbmg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
QzwU I AeKvk (Leave and Holidays) t

AÎ AvB‡bi 5 avivq kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ QzwU I AeKvk wel‡q wbæiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q-
(1) ‡`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªwgKMY 1951 mv‡ji c~e©e½ †`vKvb I
cÖwZôvb AvBb, 1965 mv‡ji KjKviLvbv AvBb Ges eZ©gv‡b Kvh©Ki Ab¨ †h †Kvb AvB‡b wbw`©ó
Kiv mKj †eZbmn QzwU I AeKvk †fvM Ki‡eb Ges miKvi ‡M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g
kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ †h mKj QywU †NvlYv Ki‡eb ZvI Zviv m‡eZ‡b †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
(2) Dcavivi weavb Abymv‡i †Kvb kªwgK †Kvb Kv‡R Abycw¯’Z †_‡K QzwU wb‡Z AvMÖnx n‡j Zvi Rb¨
Zv‡K gvwj‡Ki wbKU QzwUi mg‡q Ae¯’vbKvjxb wVKvbv D‡jøLmn Av‡e`b Ki‡eb Ges gvwjK A_ev
Zvi KZ„©K `vwqZ¡ cÖvß Kg©KZv D³ Av‡e`b †ck Kivi GK mßvn c~‡e© Ges QywU Avi‡¤¢i 2 w`b
c~‡e© (†hwU Av‡M nq ) D³ Av‡e`‡bi Dci wm×všÍ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb |
Av‡iv D‡jøL¨ †h, †Kvb Riyix Kvi‡Y QzwUi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡j ev Av‡e`‡bi ZvwiL †_‡K wZb
w`‡bi g‡a¨ QzwU kyiy n‡j ZLb gvwjK ev Zuvi `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZv D³ Av‡e`‡bi QzwUi wel‡q wm×všÍ
cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| QzwU gÄyi Kiv n‡j Av‡e`bKvix kªwgK‡K GKwU QvocÎ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e; Avi
Av‡e`b gÄ~yi Kiv bv n‡j Zvi KviY D‡jøLc~eK© mswkøó †iwR÷v‡i Zv wjwce× K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
Giƒc QzwU‡Z hvevi ci mswkøó kªwgK hw` QzwU ev‡ov‡bvi Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡i Ges QzwU cvIbv _v‡K,
Z‡e Zv‡K QzwUi †gqv` †kl nevi c~‡e©B gvwj‡Ki wbKU Av‡e`b †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges D³
kªwg‡Ki QzwUKvjxb wVKvbvq gvwjK Zuvi wm×všÍ Rvbv‡eb|
(3) Dcavivi eY©bv g‡Z gÄyixK…Z QzwUi †gqv` ev evwY©Z †gqv` †kl nevi 10 w`‡bi ch©šÍ Abycw¯’Z
_v‡K Ges h_vmgv‡q Kv‡R †hvM`vb bv Kivi m‡šÍvlRbK Reve w`‡Z e¨_© nb, Z‡e wZwb PvKzwii
AvwaKvi nviv‡Z cv‡ib| hw` G aviv Abymv‡i †Kvb kªwgK PvKzwii AwaKvi nvivq, Zvn‡j AZxZ
PvKzwii Rb¨ Zuvi †h cvIbv n‡q‡Q, Zv †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv hv‡e bv Ges m¤¢e n‡j Zv‡K e`jx
kªwg‡Ki ZvwjKvq ivL‡Z n‡e |
(4) AviI kZ© n‡jv, D³ kªwgK hw` QzwUi †gqv` †kl nevi ci PvKzwi‡Z †hvM`v‡bi e¨_©Zvi †Kvb
m‡šÍvlRbK Reve `v‡b e¨_© nq; †m‡¶‡Î gvwjK Zvi †`vl jvNe Kivi gZ †Kvb my‡hvM _vK‡j Zv
we‡ePbvc~e©K kvw¯Íi eë¯’v ¯îƒc cybt Kv‡R †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL †_‡K webv‡eZ‡b 7 w`b ch©š‘
mvgwqKfv‡e eiLv¯Í ivL‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †h w`b †_‡K QzwUi †gqv` †kl n‡q‡Q Gi ci w`b †_‡K
Kv‡R †hvM`vb bv Kiv ch©šÍ mg‡q webv †eZ‡b ivLv n‡e|
(5) QvUvB, eiLv¯Í, AcmviY, PvKzwii Aemvb, Aemi MªnY A_ev c`Z¨v‡Mi ìyY †Kvb kªwgK Kg©Py¨Z
n‡j c~e©e½xq †`vKvb I cÖwZôvb AvBb 1951, KviLvbv AvBb 1965, A_ev G mg‡q ejer‡hvM¨
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb g‡Z gvwj‡Ki wbKU D³ kªwg‡Ki †Kvb QzwU cvIbv _vK‡j †m AvB‡bi weavb
Abymv‡i gvwjK Zv‡K mswkøó QzwU eve` mgcwigvY †eZb cÖ`vb Ki‡eb; AviI D‡jøL¨ †h D³ QzwU
cvIbv nevi mgq Zvi †eZb hv wQj †m Abyhvqx D³ cvIbv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e Ges eiLv¯ÍK…Z
kªwg‡Ki †¶‡Î wØZxq Kg© wèm PjvKv‡j D³ QzwUi †eZb cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
KvR eÜ ivLv (Stopage of Work) t GKRb gvwjK wK wK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zuvi gvwjKvbvaxb †`vKvb,
evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb ev wkí cÖwZôvb eÜ ivL‡Z cv‡i, †m m¤ú‡K© G AvB‡bi 6 aviv‡Z wbgœiƒc weavbmg~n
D‡jøL i‡q‡Q t
1. †h †Kvb mgq AwMœKvÛ, AvKw¯§K wec`, hš¿cvwZ weKj nIqv, we`¨r mievin eÜ nIqv, gnvgvix,
ivR‰bwZK †Mvj‡hvM, A_ev gvwj‡Ki AqvËi evB‡i †h †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvwjK Zvi †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev
wkí cÖwZôvb m¤ú~Y© fv‡e ev †h †Kvb kvLv, †h †Kvb mg‡qi Rb¨ eÜ ivL‡Z cvi‡eb|
2. Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i †Kvb cÖwZôvb Kv‡Ri mg‡qi ci eÜ †NvlYv Kiv n‡j, †m †¶‡Î gvwjK
KviLvbvi †ejvq Dnvi mswkøó †bvwUm †ev‡W© Ges Ab¨vb¨ `„k¨gvb ¯’v‡b jUKv‡q w`‡q Avevi K‡e KvR
cybt ïiy n‡e Ges eÜ _vKvKvjxb mg‡q mswkøó Kg©Pvwi‡ì D³ cÖwZôv‡b nvwRiv †èvi cÖ‡qvRb
Av‡Q wKbv, Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z n‡e wK bv, Zv cwi®‹vi K‡i wjwLZfv‡e Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
3. †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b KvR PjvKv‡j Giƒc eÜ †NvlYv Kiv n‡j, gvwjK KviLvbvi †¶‡Î Dnvi mswkøó kvLvi
†bvwUk †evW© Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖKvk¨ ¯’v‡b wjLZfv‡e †bvwUk AvKv‡i KLb cybt KvR ïiy n‡e Ges
mswk ó kªwgKiv Kg©¯’v‡b Z¨vM Ki‡e bv, Kg©¯’v‡b Dcw¯’Z _vK‡e Zv cwi®‹vifv‡e Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
4. Giƒc Ae¯’v‡Z KviLvbv e‡Üi d‡j kªwgKMY AvUKv c‡o †M‡j
(K) Giƒc AvUKv‡bvi mgq 1 NÈv ch©šÍ n‡j mswkøó kªwgKiv wKQzB cv‡e bv;
(L) Abyiƒc AvUKvcov mgq 1 NÈvi †ewk n‡j mswkøó kªwgKMY AvUKvcovi c~Y©mg‡qi Rb¨ †eZb
cv‡e|
5. KvR eÜ ivLvi †gqv` 1 w`b Kv‡Ri mg‡qi †ewk bv n‡j Dcaviv (4) Gi Aby‡”Q` (L) Abymv‡i
†eZb cvIqv bv n‡j mswk- ó kªwgKMY †Kvb †eZb cv‡e bv; Z‡e, Giƒc KvR eÜ ivLvi mgq Kvj 1
w`‡bi ‡ekx n‡j mswkøó kªwgKMY (e`jx I mvgwqK kªwgK ev‡`) 1 w`b Kv‡Ri mg‡qi AwZwi³ cÖwZ
w`‡bi Rb¨ †eZb cv‡e, Ges KvR eÜ ivLvi mgq 3 w`‡bi †ewk n‡j AÎ AvB‡bi 9 aviv g‡Z
mswkøó kªwgK‡ì‡K †j-Ad Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Giƒc †j-Ad KvR e‡Üi w`b †_‡K Kvh©Ki n‡e
Ges cÖ_g wZb w`b †j-Ad eve` †Kvb ‡eZb ‡`qv n‡j Zv Zv‡ì †j-Ad eve` cvIbv †_‡K †K‡U
†bqv n‡e|
Av‡ivI kZ© _v‡K †h, wVKv kªwgK‡ì †ejvq c~‡e©i gv‡m Zvi cÖwZ w`‡bi Mo †eZb wnmve K‡i
Dcavivi (5) Abymv‡i gRywii nvi wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. †Kvb †`vKv‡bi evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi †Kvb kvLvq ev wefv‡M ag©NU Pwj‡j D³ kvLv
ev wecwY ev Dnvi Øviv cÖfvweZ Ab¨ †h †Kvb kvLv ev wefvM, gvwjK B”Qv Ki‡j m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK
eÜ ivK‡Z cvi‡eb Ges G ai‡bi e‡Üi mgq mswkøó kªwgKiv †Kvb †eZb `vwe Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
Av‡ivI D‡jøL¨ †h gvwj‡Ki D³ e‡Üi welqwU KviLvbv n‡j Dnvi mswkøó kvLv ev wefv‡Mi †bvwUk
†evW© Ges UvBg wKcv‡ii Avwdm _vK‡j Zuvi †bvwUk †evW© Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î Dnvi cÖKvk¨
¯’v‡b weÁwß AvKv‡i jUwK‡q ivL‡Z n‡e Ges D³ e‡Üi ci †Kvb ZvwiL †_‡K cybivq KvR Avi¤¢
n‡e ZvI D³ weÁwß‡Z cwi®‹vi f‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|
eëmvq AvBb
†j-Ad ( Lay-off) t †j-Ad n‡jv we`¨r ev KuvPvgv‡ji ¯^íZv ev gRyZ gv‡ji Rb¨ hš¿cvwZ weKj
nIqv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvwjK KZ…©K Zvi †`vKvb evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gv÷vi †iv‡j bvg
AšÍ©f~³ i‡q‡Q Giƒc kªwgK‡K PvKywi‡Z envj ivL‡Z e¨_©Zv ev A¯^xK…wZ ev A¶gZv cÖKvk Kiv|
†j-AdK„Z kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY 9 aviv:
1. †h kªwgK‡ì bvg (e`jx ev mvgwqK kªwgK ev‡`) †Kvb †`vKv‡b ev evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b ev wkí
cÖwZôv‡b gv÷vi †iv‡ji AšÍ©fz³ i‡q‡Q Ges hvi PvKzwi Ae¨vnZfv‡e 1 eQi cY© n‡q‡Q Zv‡K †j-Ad
Kiv n‡j gvwjK Zv‡K mvßvwnK QzwUi w`b ev‡` †j-A‡di mg¯Í w`b¸‡jvi Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY eve` Zvi
g~j †eZb I gnvN© fvZvi Av‡a©K Ges evox fvovi (hw` _v‡K ) c~Y© Ask cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e, †Kvb kªwgK hw` Ae¨vnZfv‡e 1 eQi PvKzwi c~Y© Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zvi bvg gv÷vi †iv‡j bv _v‡K
Zvn‡j G avivi weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| AviI kZ© n‡jv, hw` gvwj‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb Pzw³ bv _v‡K
Z‡e GKwU cwÄKv eQ‡i 45 w`‡bi †ewk ¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv|
2. Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i ‡Kvb kªwgK hw` GKUvbv ev weiwZmn 45 w`b GK cwÄKv eQ‡i †j-Ad Kiv nq
Ges Zvi ci Avi 15 w`b †j-Ad Kiv nq Z‡e, D³ kªwgK ¶wZc~iY eve` D³ 15 w`‡bi ¶wZc~iY
eve` g~j †eZb I gnvN© fvZvi GK PZz_©vsk Ges m¤ú~Y© AvevwmK fvZv hw` _v‡K Z‡e cv‡e|
3. †Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb kªwgK‡K GKwU cwÄKv eQ‡i 45 w`b †j-Ad Kivi ci Aviv 15 w`b ev Zvi †ewk
†j-Ad Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zv‡K 12 aviv Abymv‡i †j-A‡di cwie‡Z© gvwjK Zv‡K QvUvB Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
†j-Ad kªwgK‡ì gv÷vi †ivj t (10 aviv)

†Kvb Kvi‡Y G AvB‡bi Avax‡b †Kvb kªwgK‡K †j-Ad Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †j-Ad Kiv m‡Ë¡I gvwj‡Ki
`vwqZ¡ n‡jv Zv‡ì GKwU gv÷vi †ivj ivLv I †j-Ad kªwgKMY hv‡Z wb‡Riv Dcw¯’Z n‡q ev Zv‡ì
cÖwZwbwa‡ì gva¨‡g ¯^vfvweK KvR Pjvi w`‡bi GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q mswkøó gv÷vi †iv‡j ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z cv‡i
Zvi eë¯’v Kiv|
KwZcq †¶‡Î kªwgKiv ¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv t (11 aviv) |

G AvB‡bi Ab¨Î hvB ejv _vKyK bv †Kvb †jÑAd kªwgK †Kvb iƒc ¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv hw`:
(K) GKB †`vKvb ev evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b, †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b †j-Ad Kiv n‡q‡Q, A_ev GKB
gvwj‡Ki Avaxb¯’ Ab¨ †Kvb †`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b hv GKB kni ev MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z
A_ev GKB wk‡í cÖ_‡gv³ †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôvb n‡Z cuvP gvB‡ji g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z nq, hw`
Zv‡K GKB †eZ‡b †Kvb weKí PvKzwi ‡`qv nq Ges G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ we‡kl †Kvb `¶Zv ev †Kvb c~e©
AwfÁZv cÖ‡qvRb bv nq, Zvi ciI hw` †m Dnv MªnY Ki‡Z AcviMZv cÖKvk Kiv; A_ev
1. gvwj‡Ki PvIqv m‡Ë¡I hw` †m cÖwZw`b AšÍZ mswkøó cÖwZôv‡b GKevi nvwRiv bv †`q; A_ev
2. mswkøó †`vKv‡bi ev evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Ab¨ As‡k ag©N‡Ui Kvi‡Y D³ †j-Ad
†NvlYv Kiv nq|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
kªwgK QuvUvB‡qi kZ© t 12 aviv

1965 mv‡ji kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvB‡bi 12 aviv Abymv‡i †Kvb kªwgK †Kvb †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K
cÖwZôv‡b ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b Ae¨vnZfv‡e b~¨bZg GK eQi c~Y© n‡q _vK‡j wb‡gœi kZ©c~iY Qvov gvwjK D³
kªwgK‡K QuvUvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
(K) QuvUv‡qi KviY D‡jøLc~e©K GK gv‡mi wjwLZ †bvwUk w`‡Z n‡e A_ev 1 gv‡mi †eZb w`‡Z n‡e;
(L) QuvUv‡qi GK Kwc cÖavb cwi`k©K ev Zvi KZ„©K fvicªvß Ab¨ †Kvb Kg©KZvi wbKU w`‡Z n‡e;
(M) QuvUvB Kivi mgq ¶wZc~iY eve` cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK‡K m¤ú~Y© 1 eQi ev Qq gv‡mi †ewk mgq PvKzwii Rb¨
30 w`‡bi †eZb ev MªvPzwqwU (hw` cvIbv nq), hv †ewk n‡e Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e |
Z‡e, kZ© n‡jv 9 avivi Dcaviv (3) Abymv‡i †Kvb kªwgK QuvUvB n‡j Aby‡”Q` ÒKÓ Abymv‡i †bvwUk wèvi
cÖ‡qvRb †bB; †m †¶‡Î mswkë kªwgK‡K ¶wZc~iY ev MªvPzwqwUmn Av‡iv 15 w`‡bi †eZb Aby‡”Q` (M)
Abymv‡i cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
QuvUvBi c×wZ t †Kvb we‡kl †kªYxi kªwgK QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡j gvwjK I kªwgK‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb wecixZ Pzw³
bv _vK‡j mevi †k‡l †h wb‡qvMcÖvß Zv‡K me©v‡MÖ QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e; Z‡e QuvUvB‡qi Rb¨ †bvwUk †èvi
cÖ‡hvRb bv _v‡K Z‡e Ab¨ †h †Kvb kªwgK‡K gvwjK QuvUvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 13 aviv
QuvUvBK„Z kªwg‡Ki cybtwb‡qvM t

†Kvb cÖwZôv‡b hZ kªwgKB QuvUvB nDK bv †Kb D³ QuvUv‡qi Gi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ D³ cÖwZôv‡b †Kvb kªwgK
wb‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j mswk- ó QuvUvBK…Z kªwgK‡ì‡K wb‡qv‡Mi my‡qvM w`‡Z n‡e| G D‡Ïk¨ QuvUvBK„Z
kªwg‡Ki me©‡kl wVKvbvq wPwV cvVv‡Z n‡e Ges QuvUvBK…Z‡ì g‡a¨ hviv cybtwb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ AvMÖn cÖKvk
Ki‡e Zv‡ì‡K Ab¨‡ì Zzjbvq AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, G †¶‡Î PvKzwii †gqv‡ì ˆ`N©Zv Abymv‡i
A‡bï Zzjbvq AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e|
cvV ms‡¶c
†`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªwgKMY 1951 mv‡ji c~e©e½ †`vKvb I cÖwZôvb
AvBb, 1965 mv‡ji KjKviLvbv AvBb Ges eZ©gv‡b Kvh©Ki Ab¨ †h †Kvb AvB‡b wbw`©ó Kiv mKj
†eZbmn QzwU I AeKvk †fvM Ki‡eb Ges miKvi ‡M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g kªwgK‡ì Rb¨ †h mKj
QywU †NvlYv Ki‡eb ZvI Zviv m‡eZ‡b †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †h †Kvb mgq AwMœKvÛ, AvKw¯§K wec`,
hš¿cvwZ weKj nIqv, we`¨r mievin eÜ nIqv, gnvgvix, ivR‰bwZK †Mvj‡hvM, A_ev gvwj‡Ki AqvËi
evB‡i †h †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvwjK Zvi †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôvb m¤ú~Y© fv‡e ev †h †Kvb kvLv, †h
†Kvb mg‡qi Rb¨ eÜ ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| †j-Ad n‡jv we`¨r ev KuvPvgv‡ji ¯^íZv ev gRyZ gv‡ji Rb¨
hš¿cvwZ weKj nIqv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvwjK KZ…©K Zvi †`vKvb evwYwR¨K ev wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gv÷vi
†iv‡j bvg Aš—©f~³ i‡q‡Q Giƒc kªwgK‡K PvKywi‡Z envj ivL‡Z e¨_©Zv ev A¯^xK…wZ ev A¶gZv cÖKvk
Kiv| †Kvb we‡kl †kªYxi kªwgK QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡j gvwjK I kªwgK‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb wecixZ Pzw³ bv _vK‡j
mevi †k‡l †h wb‡qvMcÖvß Zv‡K me©v‡MÖ QuvUvB Ki‡Z n‡e; Z‡e QuvUvB‡qi Rb¨ †bvwUk †èvi cÖ‡hvRb bv
_v‡K Z‡e Ab¨ †h †Kvb kªwgK‡K gvwjK QuvUvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
eëmvq AvBb
PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY, eiLv¯Í I PvKwii Aemvb

(Discharge, Dismissal and Termination of Workers)
D‡Ïk¨
wK Kvi‡Y I wKfv‡e GKRb kªwgK‡K PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY Kiv hvq Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
PvKzwi †_‡K †Kb I wKfv‡e eiLv¯’ Kiv hv‡e, Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
PvKixi Aemvb msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY (Discharge from service) t kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb 1965 Gi 16
avivi kªwgK‡ì PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY Kivi weavb ewY©Z Av‡Q| G aviv Abymv‡i ˆ`wnK ev gvbwmK
A¶gZvi Rb¨ A_ev Am`vPi‡Yi ch©v‡q c‡o bv G ai‡bi †Kvb Kvi‡Y kªwgK‡ì PvKzwi †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ
†`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Avi kZ© _v‡K †h, AcmvwiZ †Kvb kªwgK hw` avivevwnKfv‡e 1 eQi ev Zvi †ewk mgq KvR K‡i _v‡K
Z‡e cÖwZ 1 eQi ev Qq gv‡mi AwaK mgq PvKzwii Rb¨ 30 w`b K‡i gRywi A_ev MÖvPz¨vwqwU hw` cvIbv nq
Ges hv cwigv‡Y AwaK n‡e Zv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
evL¨v t gRyiixi cwigvY wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ D³ kªwg‡Ki AcmviY Kivi w`‡bi c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡m mswkøó
kªwgK‡K †h g~j †eZb I gnvN© fvZv †`qv n‡q‡Q Zvi Mo gRywi we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯’ KiY (Dismissal from service) t kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb 1965 Gi
2(Q) aviv Abymv‡i PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯’ ej‡Z Am`vPi‡Yi Rb¨ gvwjK KZ…©K PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY
Kiv‡K eySv‡e |
AÎ AvB‡bi 17 avivi weavb g‡Z PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯’ Kiv m¤ú‡K© wbgœiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q:
1. G AvB‡b Ab¨Î †j-Ad, QuvUvB, PvKzwiPÿwZ Ges PvKzwi †_‡K Aemvb m¤ú‡K© †h weavbB ejv _vK bv
†Kb, c~e© †bvwUk A_ev †bvwU‡ki cwie‡Z© gRywi †`qv QvovB A_ev †Kvb ¶wZc~iY bv w`‡qB †Kvb
kªwgK‡K wbgœ wjwLZ ÎywUi Kvi‡Y eiLv¯’ Kiv hv‡e :
(K) hw` ‡KD ‰bwZK Aciv‡ai Rb¨ `Û cÖvß nq; A_ev
(L) hw` †KD 18 avivi Aax‡b Am`Pvi‡Yi Kvi‡Y †`vlx cÖgvwYZ nq|
Z‡e kZ© n‡jv †h, eiLv¯ÍK„Z kªwgK hw` GKbvMv‡o 1 eQ‡ii Kg PvKzwi bv K‡i _v‡K, †m †¶‡Î cÖwZ
eQi ev Qq gv‡mi AvwaK mgq Kv‡ji Rb¨ 14 w`‡bi †eZb ev MÖvPzwqwU hw` _v‡K hv cwigv‡Y †ewk nq Zv
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†eZb MYbv Kivi mgq eiLv‡¯Íi Zvwi‡L c~e©eZ©x 12 gv‡mi gyj †eZb I gnvN© fvZvi Mo‡K eySv‡e|
Am`vPiY (Misconduct) t AÎ AvB‡bi 17 (3) avivq wbgœ ewY©Z †Kvb KvR Kiv bv Kiv‡K Am`vPiY
chv©‡q c‡o e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq:
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
1) GKv ev m¤§wjZfv‡e DaŸ©Zb †Kvb Kg©KZ©vi mv‡_ Aeva¨Zv cÖ`k©b Kiv ev Zvi AvBbm¤§Z †Kvb
Av‡`k †¯^”Qvq Agvb¨ Kiv ;
2) gvwj‡Ki eëmv‡qi ev m¤úwË m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wel‡q Pzwi RvwjqvwZ, cÖZviYv A_ev Amrg~jK Kv‡h©
wjß nIqv;
3) gvwj‡Ki Aaxb wbR ev Ab¨ †Kvb kªwg‡Ki PvKzwii Rb¨ Nyl cÖ`vb ev MÖnY Kiv A_ev †e AvBbxfv‡e
Nyl MªnY ev cÖ`vb Kiv;
4) QzwU e¨wZZ Kg©¯’‡j Abycw¯’Z _vKvi Af¨vm _vKv ev 10 w`‡bi †ekx QzwU gÄyi bv K‡i Kg©¯’‡j Abycw¯’Z
_vKv ;
5) †`wi‡Z Kv‡R Dcw¯’Z nevi Af¨vm:
6) Mswkøó Kg© cÖwZôv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ Ggb AvBb-Kvbyb ev wewa-weavb Agvb¨ Kivi Afvm _vKv ;
7) Mswkøó Kg© cÖwZôv‡b `v½v-nv½vgv ev k~•Ljv we‡ivax KvR Kiv:
8) cªwZôvbKZ„K Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ D‡c¶v Kiv ev duvwK †èvi Af¨vm;
9) †h mKj Kv‡R Avw_©K Rvwigvbv n‡Z cv‡i G ai‡bi Aciva ev Kv‡h©i wePÿwZ¸‡jv‡K NbNb cybive„wË
Kiv;
10) †e AvBbx ag©NU ev ax‡i KvR Kivi bxwZ AbyKiY Kiv ev Ab¨‡ì G ai‡bi Kv‡R DrmvwnZ Kiv ev
Aw_©Kfv‡e Giƒc Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kiv;
11) gvwj‡Ki eëmv‡qi KvMRcÎ wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ Kiv, bó Kiv, weK„Z ev cwieZ©b Kiv A_ev A‰eafv‡e
cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i G¸‡jv‡K ¶wZ Kiv|
kvw¯— `v‡bi c×wZ t

(1) wb‡gœ ewY©Z c×wZ AbymiY e¨wZZ †Kvb kªwgK‡K PvKix †_‡K eiLv¯Í ev AcmviY Kivi Av‡`k Rvwi Kiv
hv‡e bv:
(K) mswk ó Awfhy³ kªwg‡Ki weiy‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM wjwLZfv‡e †iKW© Ki‡Z n‡e:
(L) wjwLZfv‡e ‡i‡KW©K…Z Awf‡hv‡Mi GK Kwc Awfhy³ kªwgK‡K w`‡Z n‡e Ges DÌvwcZ
Awf‡hv‡Mi wel‡q Zuv‡K AvZ¥c¶ mg_©‡bi Rb¨ AšÍZ: wZb w`‡bi mgq w`‡Z n‡e;
(M) mswk- ó kªwgK hw` wjwLZ Aby‡iva Rvbvq, Zvn‡j Zv‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e Dcw¯’Z n‡q AvZ¥c¶
mg_©‡bi Rb¨ e³e¨ †ck Kivi my‡qvM w`‡Z n‡e; Ges
(N) Giƒc Av‡`‡ki †¶‡Î gvwjK ev eë¯’vc‡Ki Aby‡gv`b _vK‡Z n‡e|
(2) G avivi Dcaviv 2 Abymv‡i Am`vPi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb kªwg‡Ki weiƒ‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hv‡Mi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
mswkøó kªwgK‡K Z`š—c~e©K mvgwqKf‡e eiLv¯’ ev mvm‡cÛ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges D³ welwU †Kvb
Av`vj‡Z wePviaxb bv _vK‡j, G ai‡bi mvgwqK eiLv‡¯Íi mgqmxgv 60 w`‡bi †ekx n‡e bv | G
mgq Zv‡K RxebaviY fvZv w`‡Z n‡e| gnvN© fvZv _vK‡j Zvmn Mo †eZ‡bi A‡a©K nv‡i RxebaviY
fvZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
(3) mvgwqK eiLv¯’i Av‡`k kªwgK‡K †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z n‡e Ges Zv kªwg‡Ki wbKU n¯ÍMZ nevi mv‡_ mv‡_
Kvh©Ki n‡e|
eëmvq AvBb
(4) Z`šÍ Kivi ci AvbxZ Awf‡hv‡Mi †Kvb GKwU cÖgvwYZ nq Ges 17 avivi Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i
kvw¯Í †`qv nq, Zvn‡j Z`‡šÍi mgq mvgwqK eiLv¯’ _vKvKvjxb mg‡q †Kvb †eZb cv‡e bv; Z‡e
Rxeb aviY fvZv cvevi AvwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
(L) Z`‡šÍ D³ kªwgK wb‡`©vl cÖgvwYZ n‡j Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ †h mgq mvgwqK eiLv¯’ wQj, †m mg‡q
Zv‡K Dcw¯’Z wQj e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e Ges ‡m D³ mg‡qi Rb¨ †eZb cvevi AvwaKvi iv‡L| Z‡e,
D³ mg‡q cÖ`Ë RxebaviY fvZv ev` w`‡q †eZb cª`vb Kiv n‡e|
(M) Avi hw` kvw¯Í cÖ`vb Kiv nq, Zvn‡j kvw¯Í`v‡bi Av‡`‡ki Kwc mswkøó kªwgK‡K ‡cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z
n‡e|
(5) gvwjK KZ„©K cÖ`Ë †Kvb †bvwUk, wPwV Avwf‡hvM bvgv, Av‡`k ev Ab¨ †Kvb `wjj cÎ mswkøó kªwgK
hw` MÖnY Ki‡Z ivRx bv nq, Z‡e a‡i †bqv n‡e †h D³ †bvwUk, wPwV, Awf‡hvM bvgv, Av‡`k bvgv
ev Ab¨ †Kvb `wjjcÎ mswkøó kªwgK‡K †cŠu‡Q †`qv n‡q‡Q | Z‡e, G †¶‡Î gvwj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ n‡jv
Awd‡mi †bvwUk †ev†W© GK Kwc Uvwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges Aci GK Kwc Awdm †iKW© Abymv‡i
kªwg‡Ki wVKvbvq †iwRw÷ª WvK‡hv‡M cvVv‡Z n‡e|
(6) AÎ AvBb Abymv‡i Abyiƒc kvw¯Í `v‡bi †¶‡Î kªwg‡Ki Am`vPi‡Yi gvÎv Zuvi PvKzwii c~e©eZx© †Kvb
†iKW© Ges ¶gvi †hvM¨mn Ab¨vb¨ welq ev cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ mvab †Kvb Ae¯’v weivRgvb _vK‡j
Zv gvwjK we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡eb|
(7) ewY©Z Dcavivmg~‡n ev G AvB‡bi Ab¨Î †h weavbB _vKzK bv †Kb, ax‡i KvR Kiv ev †eAvBbx
ag©NU Ges G †¶‡Î kªg Av`vj‡Zi Aby‡gv`b wb‡q †bvwUk †ev‡W© †bvwUk jUKvevi gva¨‡g GK ev
GKvwaK kªwgK‡K GKK ev †hŠ_f‡e PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY ev eiLv¯Í Ki‡Z ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb kvw¯Í
`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
PvKzwii Aemvb (Ternination of Employment) t †Kvb kªwgK hLb gvwjK KZ„©K †Kvb kvixwiK ev
mvgwqK A¶gZvi Kvi‡Y A_ev †Kvb Am`vPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y kvw¯Íg~jK eë¯’v bv n‡q eis cÖ‡qvR‡bi
AwZwi³ nIqvq PvKzwii Aemvb NU‡Z cvi‡eb| AÎ AvB‡bi 19 avivq PvKzwii Aemvb msµvšÍ wel‡q
wbgœiƒc wewa i‡q‡Q :
G AvB‡b Ab¨Î ewY©Z weavb Abyhvqx bv n‡q Ab¨fv‡e gvwjK †Kvb ¯’vqx kªwg‡Ki PvKzwii Aemvb NUvevi
wbwg‡Ë gvwmK †eZ‡b wb‡qvwRZ Kg©Pvwii †ejvq 120 w`‡bi †bvwUk Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvwi‡ì ‡ejvq
cuvqZvwjøk w`‡bi wjwLZ †bvwUk gvwj‡Ki w`‡Z n‡e |
Z‡e, Giƒc kZ© n‡jv, †bvwU‡ki cwie‡Z© h_vµ‡g 120 w`‡bi ev 45 w`‡bi †eZb cwi‡kva Ki‡j Pj‡e|
Av‡ivI kZ© n‡jv, Dc‡iv³fv‡e †Kvb kªwg‡Ki PvKzwii Aemvb NUv‡j gvwjK cÖ‡Z¨K c~Y© GK eQi PvKzwii
Rb¨ A_ev Qq gv‡mi AwaK n‡j 30 w`b K‡i †eZb ¶wZc~iY eve` cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G Qvov G
AvB‡bi ev H mgq cÖPwjZ Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡b †Kvb wKQz my‡qvM myweav cvevi AwaKvi ivL‡j ZvI cwi‡kva
Ki‡Z n‡e|
G †¶‡Î †eZb wnmve Kivi mgq c~e©eZx 12 gv‡m D³ kªwg‡Ki g~j †eZb Ges gnvN©fvZv (hw` †c‡q
_v‡K) †c‡q _vK‡j Zvi Mo wnmve‡K eySv‡e|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
(1) G ewY©Z ¶wZc~iY cv‡ebv; Z‡e †m AÎ AvB‡b Ab¨ †Kvb aviv e‡j A_ev H mgq cÖPwjZ Ab¨
†Kvb AvBb e‡j Ab¨ †Kvb myweav cvevi AwaKvi n‡j Zv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
(2) †Kvb ¯’vqx kªwg‡Ki †¶‡Î wb‡R PvKzwi †_‡K Aemvb wb‡Z PvB‡j gvwmK †eZb cÖvß kªwgK‡ì
†ejvq GK gv‡mi Ges Ab¨ ai‡bi kªwgK‡ì †¶‡Î 14 w`‡bi †bvwUk wjwLZ AvKv‡i gvwjK‡K
w`‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e kZ© n‡jv, G Dc-avivi g‡Z wb‡R PvKzwii Avemvb NUv‡j †m †Kvb ¶wZc~iY cv‡e bv|
(3) G AvB‡b Ab¨Î ewY©Z weavb Abymv‡i bv n‡j Ges †h A¯’vqx Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡K wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q wQj
D³ Kv‡Ri mgvwß, Aemvb, wejywß ev we”QbœZvi Kvi‡Y bv n‡j gvwjK KZ…©K A¯’vqx kªwg‡Ki PvKzwii
Aemvb NUvevi Rb¨ gvwmK †eZ‡b wbhy³ kªwgK‡ì †ejvq GK gv‡mi †bvwUk ev Ab¨‡ì †ejvq 14
w`‡bi wjwLZ †bvwUk w`‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e, Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx h_vµ‡g 1 gv‡mi †eZb A_ev 14 w`‡bi †eZb †bvwU‡ki wecix‡Z cwi‡kva
Ki‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e|
cÖwf‡W›U dvÛ t AÎ AvB‡bi 20 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb cÖwf‡W›U dv‡Ûi m`m¨ †Kvb kªwgK hw` D³
dv‡Ûi wewa Abymv‡i cÖwf‡W›U cvevi AvwaKvix nq Zvn‡j QuvUvB, eiLv¯’, PvKzwii Aemv‡bi, A_ev PvKzwi
Aem‡ii ìyY Zv‡K †m gvwj‡Ki Puv`vmn cÖwf‡W›U dv‡Ûi myweav n‡Z ewÂZ Kiv hv‡e bv|
PvKzwii mvwU©wd‡KU t G AvB‡bi 21 aviv g‡Z cÖwZwU kªwgK, Z‡e mvgwqK I e`jx kªwgK ev‡`, PvKzwi n‡Z
QuvUvB, AcmvwiZ, eiLv¯’, Aemvi ev PvKix †_‡K Aemvb nevi mgq PvKzwi msµvšÍ GKwU mvwU©wd‡KU cvevi
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
PvKzwii we`¨gvb kZ©vejx msi¶Y t AÎ AvB‡bi 22 aviv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, G AvBb ejer nevi
Ae¨vewnZ c~‡e© †Kvb AvBb, cÖ_v, eë¯’v, ivq, Pyw³ ev gxgvsmv Kvh©Ki _vK‡j D³ AvBb, cÖ_v, eë¯’v ev
ivq, Pyw³ ev gxgvsmvi kZ© Abyhvqx kªwgK‡ì kZ©mg~n hw` AÎ AvB‡bi Zzjbvq †ewk myweav n‡q _v‡K;
Z‡e G AvB‡bi †Kvb weavb Øviv †m myweav Kgvb ev ¶wZMÖ¯’ Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv|
†invB †èvi ¶gZv t G AvB‡bi 23 aviv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, miKvi †M‡RU weÁwß cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g
wbav©wiZ †Kvb kZ© Av‡ivc K‡i †h †Kvb †`vKvb evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb ev wkí cÖwZôvb‡K A_ev †h †Kvb
ai‡bi cÖwZôvb‡K G AvB‡bi AvIZv †_‡K †invB w`‡Z cv‡ib|
eëmvq AvBb
cvV ms‡¶c
ˆ`wnK ev gvbwmK A¶gZvi Rb¨ A_ev Am`vPi‡Yi ch©v‡q c‡o bv G ai‡bi †Kvb Kvi‡Y kªwgK‡ì
PvKzwi †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯’ ej‡Z Am`vPi‡Yi Rb¨ gvwjK KZ…©K PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviY Kiv‡K eySv‡e |
wb‡gœ ewY©Z c×wZ AbymiY e¨wZZ †Kvb kªwgK‡K PvKix †_‡K eiLv¯— ev AcmviY Kivi Av‡`k Rvwi Kiv
hv‡e bv:
(K) mswk- ó Awfhy³ kªwg‡Ki weiy‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM wjwLZfv‡e †iKW© Ki‡Z n‡e:
(L) wjwLZfv‡e ‡i‡KW©K…Z Awf‡hv‡Mi GK Kwc Awfhy³ kªwgK‡K w`‡Z n‡e Ges DÌvwcZ Awf‡hv‡Mi
wel‡q Zuv‡K AvZ¥c¶ mg_©‡bi Rb¨ AšÍZ: wZb w`‡bi mgq w`‡Z n‡e;
(M) mswk ó kªwgK hw` wjwLZ Aby‡iva Rvbvq, Zvn‡j Zv‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e Dcw¯’Z n‡q AvZ¥c¶
mg_©‡bi Rb¨ e³e¨ †ck Kivi my‡qvM w`‡Z n‡e; Ges
(N) Giƒc Av‡`‡ki †¶‡Î gvwjK ev eë¯’vc‡Ki Aby‡gv`b _vK‡Z n‡e|
†Kvb kªwgK hLb gvwjK KZ„©K †Kvb kvixwiK ev mvgwqK A¶gZvi Kvi‡Y A_ev †Kvb Am`vPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y
kvw¯—g~jK eë¯’v bv n‡q eis cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ nIqvq PvKzwii Aemvb NU‡Z cvi‡eb| †Kvb cÖwf‡W›U
dv‡Ûi m`m¨ †Kvb kªwgK hw` D³ dv‡Ûi wewa Abymv‡i cÖwf‡W›U cvevi AvwaKvix nq Zvn‡j QuvUvB,
eiLv¯’, PvKzwii Aemv‡bi, A_ev PvKzwi Aem‡ii ìyY Zv‡K †m gvwj‡Ki Puv`vmn cÖwf‡W›U dv‡Ûi myweav
n‡Z ewÂZ Kiv hv‡e bv |
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
AvevwmK M„n †_‡K D‡”Q`, Awf‡hv‡Mi c×wZ Ges kvw¯Í I Zvi c×wZ
D‡Ïk¨
AvevwmK M~n n‡Z PvKzwi PÿZ kªwgK‡K D‡”Q‡ì c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
†Kvb kªwg‡Ki †Kvb wel‡q Awf‡hvM _vK‡j Zv DÌvc‡bi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
G AvB‡bi †Kvb weavb j½b Ki‡j Zvi Rb¨ kvw¯Í I Dnvi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
AvevwmK M„n †_‡K kªwgK D‡”Q` t †Kvb kªwgK PvKywi †_‡K AcmviY, QvUvB, eiLv¯’ ev PvKzwi †_‡K
Aemvb NU‡j gvwjK KZ„©K cÖÌ AvevwmK M„n †_‡K D‡”Q` Kivi wel‡q AÎ AvB‡bi 24 avivq wbgœiƒc
weavb i‡q‡Q:
1. †Kvb kªwgK †h gvwjK KZ…©K cÖ`Ë AvevwmK myweav †fvM Ki‡Q, D³ kªwgK hw` QuvUvB, eiLv¯’,
AcmviY, ev Zvi PvKzwii Aemvb n‡j, D³ QuvUvB, eiLv¯’ AcmviY, ev Aemvb m¤ú‡K© Av`vj‡Z
†Kvb gvgjvi gyjZwe bv _vK‡j, QuvUvB, eiLv¯’, AcmviY, ev PvKzwi †_‡K Aemvb nIqvi ZvwiL
†_‡K cie©Z©x 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ D³ evmv Lvwj K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
2. Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i mswkøó M„‡ni `Lj`vi kªwgK evmv Lvwj K‡i w`‡Z e¨_© n‡j, D³ wel‡q
GLwZqvi Av‡Q, Ggb †Kvb cÖ_g †kªYxi g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av`vj‡Z gvwjK gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3. G mgq cÖPwjZ Ab¨ AvB‡b †h weavbB _vKzK bv †Kb, g¨vwR‡÷ªU `yB c‡¶i e³e¨ ïbvi ci msw¶ß
c×wZ‡Z gvgjv wb®úwË Ki‡eb Ges mswkøó kªwgK‡K hyw³ms½Z mgq w`‡q M„nwU Lvwj K‡i †`qvi
Rb¨ wb‡`©k Rvix Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
4. Dcaviv (3) Abymv‡i †e‡a †`qv mg‡qi g‡a¨ mswkøó kªwgK‡K M„nwU Lvwj Kivi Rb¨ g¨vwR‡÷ªU †Kvb
cywjk Awdmvi‡K wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib;
5. Dcaviv (4) Abymv‡i g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av‡`k cvjbv‡_© mswkøó cywjk Awdmvi g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av‡`‡ki
weeiYmn D³ M„‡n cÖ‡e‡ki K_v mswkøó evwm›`v‡K Rvbv‡eb Ges M„n Lvwj K‡i †èvi Rb¨ AšÍZ: 2
NÈv mgq w`‡eb| Avi hw` D³ M„n `Lj †bevi Rb¨ †Kvb ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb nq; †m †¶‡Î wkky
I gwnjv evwm›`v‡ì Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q hvevi Rb¨ my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|
Awf‡hvM DÌvc‡bi c×wZ (25 aviv)

1. †Kvb kªwgK hw` gwjKKZ…©K eiLv¯’, AcmviY, QuvUvB, †jÑAd, PvKzwi †_‡K Aemvb ev Ab¨
†Kvbfv‡e PvKzwi †_‡K AcmviYmn G AvBb Abymv‡i e¨w³MZfv‡e †Kvb Awf‡hvM _vK‡j Ges G
wel‡q ‡Kvb cÖwZKvi †c‡Z AvMÖnx n‡j, Zv DÌvc‡bi Rb¨ wbgœewY©Z c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e:
(K) †Kvb Awf‡hvM D™¢‡ei 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ mswkøó kªwgK wjwLZfv‡e Zuvi Awf‡hvM gvwjK‡K Rvbv‡Z
n‡e Ges D³ Awf‡hvM cvevi ci gvwjK 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ welqwUi Dci Z`š— Ki‡eb Ges †m
†¶‡Î ev`xc‡¶i e³e¨ †ck Kivi my‡hvM w`‡eb Ges wjwLZfv‡e D³ wel‡qi Dci Zuvi wm×vš—
Awf‡hvMKvix kªwgK‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡eb|
(L) Aby‡”Q` (K) Abymv‡i gvwjK hw` Zuvi wm×všÍ w`‡Z e¨_© nq A_ev mswkøó kªwgK hw` gvwj‡Ki
wm×v‡šÍ mš‘ó bv nq Ges welqwU hw` 1958 mv‡ji wkí we‡iva Aa¨v‡`‡ki weavb Abyhvqx kªg
eëmvq AvBb
Av`vj‡Z BwZg‡a¨ DÌvwcZ bv n‡q _v‡K ev DÌvc‡bi D‡`¨vM bv †bIqv n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j D³
kªwgK (K) Aby‡”Q` g‡Z †kl w`b n‡Z wÎk w`‡bi g‡a¨ A_ev wm×v‡šÍi ZvwiL n‡Z 30 w`‡bi
g‡a¨ mswkøó wel‡q kªg Av`vj‡Z Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Z‡e kZ© n‡jv, mswkøó kªwg‡Ki
†UªW BDwbq‡bi Kvh©Kjv‡ci ìyY 19 avivi weavb g‡Z Zuvi PvKzwi Aemv‡bi Awf‡hvM bv _vK‡j ev
mswkøó kªwgK‡K D³ avivi ewY©Z my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ bv Kiv n‡q _vK‡j Av`vj‡Z †Kvb Awf‡hvM
eiv hv‡e bv;
(M) Awf‡hvM cvevi ci Av`vjZ Dfq c‡¶i ïbvwbi eë¯’v Ki‡eb| AZ:ci Av`vjZ wbR we‡ePbvq
D³ wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡eb|
(N) Av`vjZ hw` b¨vqm½Z g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e ev`x‡K weev`xi gvgjvi LiP cÖ`v‡bi Av‡`k `vb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib Ges b¨vqm½Z g‡b n‡j ev`x‡K cyb:envj Kivi Av‡`k `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib hv P~ovšÍ e‡j MY¨
n‡e| G aviv Abymv‡i DÌvwcZ †Kvb Awf‡hvM G AvB‡bi 27 aviv Abymv‡i kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨
n‡e bv |
(O) Av`vj‡Z Giƒc Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Kiv ev †Kvb KvMRcÎ `vwLj Kiv ev Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb ‡KvU©
wd cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e bv |
Av`vj‡Zi Av‡`k Agvb¨ ev AÎ AvB‡bi weavb j½‡bi kvw¯— I Zvi c×wZ t 1965 mv‡ji kªg wb‡qvM
(¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb 1965 Gi 25 aviv Abymv‡i Av`vj‡Zi Av‡`k f½ Kivi Rb¨ kvw¯— wbgœiƒc-
(26 aviv)
1. 25 aviv Abymv‡i Av`vj‡Zi Av‡`k †KD Agvb¨ Ki‡j ev cvj‡b e¨_© n‡j wZbgvm ch©š‘ Kviv `Û ev
1,000 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ Kiv hv‡e|
2. 25 aviv Abymv‡i ¶wZMÖ¯’ e¨w³ KZ…K DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM e¨wZZ G avivq kvw¯Í †èvi wel‡q Av`vjZ
Avg‡j Avb‡e bv|
kvw¯Í I Dnvi c×wZ t 27 aviv

1. †Kvb gvwjK Zvi wbR †Kvb †`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ AÎ AvB‡bi †Kvb
weavb Agvb¨ Ki‡j cÖ_g evi Aciv‡ai Rb¨ 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡e Ges Dc‡h©vcwi
Aciva Ki‡Z _vK‡j cÖ_g Aciv‡ai ci cieZ©x Acivamg~‡ni Rb¨ AbwaK 50 UvKv K‡i Rwigvbv
Kiv hv‡e Ges cieZ©x w`b¸‡jvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b Rb¨ 500 UvKv Rwigvbv ev 1 gv‡mi †Rj ev Dfq
`‡Û `Ûbxq n‡e| Ges D³ cieZ©x Aciva n‡Z D™¢yZ Ae¨vnZ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ cÖwZw`b 50 UvKv K‡i
`Û †`qv n‡e|
2. Dcaviv Abymv‡i, G AvB‡bi Ab¨Î ewY©Z weavb Abymv‡i Ab¨ †Kvb iƒc kvw¯Íi wevavb bv _vK‡j, G
AvB‡bi †Kvb weavb Agvb¨ Ki‡j Ges cÖ_gevi Aciv‡ai Rb¨ 200 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Ges cieZ©x
cÖwZwU Aciv‡ai Rb¨ 200 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv A_ev 1 gvm webvkªg Kviv`Û A_ev Dfq `‡Û `wÛZ
n‡e|
3. cÖ_vb cwi`k©K ev Zuvi ¶gZvcÖvß e¨w³ ev Zuvi wjwLZ c~e© AbygwZ e¨wZZ Ab¨ †KD G aviv Abymv‡i
Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
4. G aviv I 26 aviv Abymv‡i `Ûbxq †Kvb Aciv‡ai wePvi cÖ_g †kªYxi g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av`j‡Zi wb‡Pi
†Kvb Av`vjZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
cvV ms‡¶c
†Kvb kªwgK †h gvwjK KZ…©K cÖ`Ë AvevwmK myweav †fvM Ki‡Q, D³ kªwgK hw` QuvUvB, eiLv¯’, AcmviY,
ev Zvi PvKzwii Aemvb n‡j, D³ QuvUvB, eiLv¯’ AcmviY, ev Aemvb m¤ú‡K© Av`vj‡Z †Kvb gvgjvi
gyjZwe bv _vK‡j, QuvUvB, eiLv¯’, AcmviY, ev PvKzwi †_‡K Aemvb nIqvi ZvwiL †_‡K cie©Z©x 15
w`‡bi g‡a¨ D³ evmv Lvwj K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Awf‡hvM D™¢‡ei 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ mswk- ó kªwgK
wjwLZfv‡e Zuvi Awf‡hvM gvwjK‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges D³ Awf‡hvM cvevi ci gvwjK 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨
welqwUi Dci Z`š— Ki‡eb Ges †m †¶‡Î ev`xc‡¶i e³e¨ †ck Kivi my‡hvM w`‡eb Ges wjwLZfv‡e
D³ wel‡qi Dci Zuvi wm×vš— Awf‡hvMKvix kªwgK‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡eb| †Kvb gvwjK Zvi wbR †Kvb
†`vKv‡b, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b ev wkí cÖwZôv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ AÎ AvB‡bi †Kvb weavb Agvb¨ Ki‡j cÖ_g evi
Aciv‡ai Rb¨ 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡e Ges Dc‡h©vcwi Aciva Ki‡Z _vK‡j cÖ_g Aciv‡ai
ci cieZ©x Acivamg~‡ni Rb¨ AbwaK 50 UvKv K‡i Rwigvbv Kiv hv‡e Ges cieZ©x w`b¸‡jvi Rb¨
cÖwZw`b Rb¨ 500 UvKv Rwigvbv ev 1 gv‡mi †Rj ev Dfq `‡Û `Ûbxq n‡e| Ges D³ cieZ©x Aciva
n‡Z D™¢yZ Ae¨vnZ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ cÖwZw`b 50 UvKv K‡i `Û †`qv n‡e|
eëmvq AvBb
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
msw¶ß cÖkœvejx
1. 1965 mv‡ji kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb Abyhvqx kªwg‡Ki †kªYx wefvM eY©bv KiyY|
2. wk¶vbwem msµvšÍ AvB‡bi weavb Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3. PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯Í, Ae¨vnwZ I Acmvi‡Yi wei‡× cÖwZKvi eë¯’v eY©bv Kiyb|
4. wK wK Kvi‡Y †j-Ad †NvlYv Kiv hvq?
5. †j-Ad kªwgK KLb ¶wZc~iY cv‡eb?
6. QuvUvB‡qi c×wZ eY©bv Kiyb|
7. PvKzwii AwaKvi nvivb ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
8. PvKzwi n‡Z Aemv‡bi wbqg eY©bv Kiyb|
9. A¯’vqx kªwg‡Ki PvKzwi Aemvb m¤ú©‡K weavb wK?
10. Kg©Pz¨wZ wK?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœvejx
1. kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb 1965 Abymv‡i gvwjK wKfv‡e ¯’vqx I A¯’vqx kªwg‡Ki PvKzwii
Aemvb NUv‡Z cv‡i? G AvB‡bi weavb Abymv‡i †Kvb kªwgK PvKzwiPz¨wZ, Aemv‡bi, eiLv¯Í, Ges
Acmvi‡Yi weiy‡× Awf‡hvM Kivi c×wZ eY©bv Kiyb|
2. K) KLb gvwjK c¶ †j-Ad †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
L) kªwgK wb‡qvMi (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb 1965 Abymv‡i †j-Ad kªwgK‡ì ¶wZc~iY cvevi wK wK AwaKvi
i‡q‡Q?
M) KLb I wKfv‡e kªwgK QuvUvB Kiv hvq Ges Zv‡ì cyb:wb‡qv‡Mi wK wK AwaKvi i‡q‡Q?
3. K) PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯Í Kivi c×wZ eY©bv Kiyb|
L) wK wK KvR Am`vPi‡Yi ch©vq c‡o?
4. K) kªwgK‡ì QywU I AeKvk m¤ú‡K© AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv Kiyb|
L) PvKzwii AwaKvi nviv‡bv m¤ú‡K© AvB‡bi weavb eY©bv Kiyb|
5. 1965 mv‡ji kªwgK wb‡qvM (¯’vqx Av‡`k) AvBb Abyhvqx kªwgK‡ì kvw¯Í `v‡bi c×wZ eY©bv Kiyb|
6. QvUvB‡qi kZ©mg~n I c×wZ eY©bv Kiyb|
7. AvevwmK M„n †_‡K PvKzwiPz¨Z kÖwgK‡K D‡”Q‡ì weavb eY©bv Kiyb|
weweGm †cÖvMÖvg
bgybv cÖkœ
eëmvq AvBb
†Kvm© †KvW© t BBS-2506
mgq t 3 NÈv c~Y©gvb t 80
(Wvb cv‡k¦©i msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK)
K-wefvM t iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
(†h †Kvb cuvPwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b)
1| ÔmKj Pzw³B m¤§wZ, wKš‘ mKj m¤§wZ Pzw³ bqÕ- eY©bv Kiyb| 12
2| evwZj I evwZj‡hvM¨ m¤§wZi êwkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 12
3| 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb Abyhvqx wK wK Kvi‡Y gRywi KZ©b Kiv hvq Ges wK fv‡e Kiv hvq
Zv eY©bv Ki“b| 12
4| kªwgK‡ì ¯^v¯’¨-msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ KviLvbv AvBb 1965 †Z †h mKj weavb Av‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiyb| 12
5| KvivLvbv AvBb-1965 Abymv‡i wewfbœ Aciv‡ai `Û m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiyb| 12
6| wKfv‡e †hŠ_ ìKlvKwl cÖwZwbwa `j wba©viY Kiv nq? Gi ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx eY©bv Kiyb| 12
7| 1969 mv‡ji wkí m¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡k wkí we‡iva gxgvsmvi Rb¨ †h mKj c×wZ Av‡Q Zv eY©bv
Kiyb| 12
8| wK wK Ae¯’vq GKRb gvwjK Zuvi kªwg‡Ki PvKzwii Rb¨ Ges PvKzwi PjvKvjxb Ae¯’vq `yN©Ubvi Rb¨
¶wZc~iY w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib? 12
9| Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡qvM, ¶gZv I Kvh©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© eb©bv Kiyb| 12
10| wK wK Kvi‡Y †j-Ad †NvlYv Kiv hvq? 12
L-wefvM t msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

(†h †Kvb PviwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b)
4×5 = 20
1| Pzw³i †gŠwjK êwkó¨ KÕwU?
2| cÖwZ`vb wK? Bnv KZ cÖKvi?
3| 1936 mv‡ji gRywi cwi‡kva AvBb Abymv‡i wbgœwjwLZ k‡ãi evL¨v Kiyb:
(K) cÖwZôvb
(L) gRywi
4| wkï kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ KviLvbv AvB‡b we‡kl weavb¸‡jv eY©bv Kiyb|
5| 1965 mv‡ji KviLvbv AvBb Abymv‡i wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q msÁv w`b t
K. KviLvbv|
L. KviLvbv cwi`k©K |
6| kªg Av`vjZ Gi msÁv w`b|
7| kªg we‡iva ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
8| KLb GKRb kªwgK ¶wZc~iY cv‡e,
9| †Kvb †Kvbv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †bvwUk bv w`‡j `vwec~i‡Y evavi m„wó n‡e bv?
10| AvevwmK M„n †_‡K PvKzwiPz¨Z kÖwgK‡K D‡”Q‡ì weavb eY©bv Kiyb|

Business Law

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Business Law

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

e¨emvq AvBb

†Kvm© †KvW BBS 2506

Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úvR Ges †W¯‹Uc cÖ‡mwms

© I‡cb ¯‹zj, evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Pzw³i ˆewkó¨ (Characteristics of Contract)

1. GKvwaK c¶ (Plurality of Member)

cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ (Offer & Acceptance)

cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vnvi ev evwZj (Revocation of an Offer)

cÖZ¨vnvi Ávcb (Communication of Revocation)

cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb (Communication of offer and acceptance)

cÖwZ`v‡bi cÖKvi‡f` (Types of consideration)

Pzw³ ev m¤§wZi †kªYxwefvM (Types of Contract)

K. AvBbMZ ˆeaZvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K (Approaches to validity of Legal point)

L) c×wZMZ `„wó‡KvY (Approaches to methods) t

5. ¯^Z¡ n¯ÍvšÍi GB m¤§wZi Øviv GK c¶ Aci c‡¶i

Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv (Capacity to Contract)

Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv Kx?

5. bvevjK A_© †dir`v‡b eva¨ bq

¯^vaxb mvq/m¤§wZ (Free Consent)

KwZcq †¶Î Ges ej cÖ‡qvM (Some spheres / field & coercion) t

ej cÖ‡qvM AbywPZ cÖfve

wg_¨v eY©bvi Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb (Essential elements of Misrepresentation) t

wg_¨v eY©bv cÖZviYv

7. Pzw³ cvj‡b m¤¢ve¨Zv m¤ú‡K© fyj (Mistake as to the possibility of performance of a

D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwZ`v‡bi ˆeaZv

9. ¯^vaxb †ckv I evwY‡R¨ cÖwZeÜK m¤§wZ (Agreement in restrain of lawful profession

NUbv mv‡c‡¶ Pzw³i cÖKvi ‡f` (Types of contingent contract) t

NUbv mv‡c¶ Pzw³i wbqgvejx/AvB‡bi weavb (Rules regarding contingnt contracts)

Pzw³ cvjb (Performance of Contract)

†hŠ_ AwaKvi I `vq eZ©v‡bv (Devolution of joint rights & Liabilties)

2. †hŠ_ A½xKv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖwZkÖywZ cvjb (Performance of Promise of joint Promise) t †h

2. cÖywZkÖywZ cvj‡bi `vwe cwiZ¨vM (Remit the Performance of Promise) t †h †¶‡Î

Pzw³i cwimgvwß ev Ae¨vnwZ

DËiKvjxb Am¤¢ve¨Zvi cwiYvg (Consequence of Supervening Impossibility) t

Pyw³ f½ (Breach of Contract)

†kªYx (Types) t Pzw³ f½ `yB cÖKvi h_v -

c~e©v‡ý Pzw³ f‡½i cÖwZKvi (Remedies of Anticipatory Breach of Contract)

M) `„óvšÍg~jK/kvw¯Íg~jK wk¶bxq †LmviZ (Exemplary Punitire or Vindictive Damages)

gRywi cwi‡kva AvB‡bi cwiwa, KwZcq msÁv,gRywi cwi‡kv‡ai `vq, gRywi

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-66

1980 mv‡ji 27 bs AvBb Øviv 6 Dcavivq cÖwZ¯’vwcZ|

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-67

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-68

7. gRywi †_‡K KZ©b (Deduction From Wages)

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-69

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-70

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-71

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-72

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-73

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-74

cÖv_wgK welqvejx (Preliminary)

aviv 1| wk‡ivbvg, AvIZv I Avi¤¢ t

BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 76

(3) we`¨yr ev M¨vm Drcv`b, iƒcvšÍi Kiv ev mÂvjb Kiv ; A_ev

BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 77

BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 78

BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 79

KviLvbvi cÖavb cwi`k©K, cwi`k©K I mvwUwd‡KU `vbKvix mvR©b

BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 80

BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 81

BDwbU wZb c„ôv- 82

¯^v¯’¨ i¶v e¨e¯’v (Health and Hygine)