biology revision chapter 2

Cell: the smallest unit from which all organisms are made

Cell membrane: Controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm: Most chemical reactions occur here, supports internal cell structure Found in plant cells
only
Nucleus: Controls the activities of the cell and is where DNA is stored
Chloroplasts
Cellulose Cell wall: Strengthens the cell, stops the cell from bursting with water
Cell walls
Vacuole: contains cell sap, stores food
Permanent vacuoles
Chloroplast: Absorbs light energy to make food through photosynthesis

Mitochondria: power house of the cell, involved in respiration

Ribosomes: use DNA to make protein molecules

Bacteria cell: has cell wall not made up of cellulose, plasmids, cell membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes,
cytoplasm

Organ: a group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function

Plasmids: circular molecules of DNA

Tissue: a group of similar cells that work together to preform a particular function

Specialized cell: cells that are made for a certain function :- Nonliving parts of
1- ciliated cells:- these cells are present in trachea ( wind pipe) the plant cell:
- they remove mucous out of lungs Chloroplast/
vacuole/ cell wall
2- nerve cell : cells that form/ are present in the nervous system
-it passes the signal to the brain

3- Red blood cells :transports oxygen / present in blood

- they contain red pigment

4- Sperm cell: male gametes used in reproduction, located in testes

5- Egg ovum: female gametes used in reproduction, located in ovary

6- Mesophyll cell:-present in leaf, preforms photosynthesis, has large number of chloroplasts

7- Root hair cell: helps plants in the absorption of water and minerals
-located at root tip

Magnification: how many times larger an image is than the actual object

-we use micrometers or millimeters to measure, symbol µ or mm

Size of Diffusion: movement of particles from higher

image concentration to lower concentration due to
random movements
magni Size of
ficatio object
n
biology revision chapter 2