3.3.1.1.

Classical conditioning theory

1. What is classical conditioning?

a) Learning voluntary responses to stimuli

b) Learning involuntary responses to stimuli

c) Learning through reinforcement and punishment

d) Learning through observation and imitation

2. Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

a) A dinner bell

b) A neutral stimulus

c) Salivation at the smell of food

d) Salivation at the ringing of a bell

3. What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

a) A stimulus that naturally brings about a response

b) A response that is natural and needs no training

c) A once neutral stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus

d) A response that follows a previously neutral stimulus

4. The production of saliva in response to food when hungry is an example of:

a) Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

b) Unconditioned response (UCR)

c) Conditioned stimulus (CS)

d) Conditioned response (CR)

5. What is the process called when a neutral stimulus acquires the characteristics of a natural stimulus
through pairing?

a) Stimulus generalization

b) Stimulus discrimination

c) Extinction

d) Classical conditioning

6. Stimulus generalization occurs when:

a) A conditioned response is weakened and eventually stops occurring

b) Similar stimuli to the conditioned stimulus produce the same response

c) Two similar stimuli are distinguished from each other

d) An extinguished conditioned response reemerges after a period of rest

7. What is extinction in classical conditioning?

a) The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response

b) The process of distinguishing two similar stimuli

c) The weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response

d) The ability to differentiate between stimuli

8. Spontaneous recovery refers to:

a) The production of saliva in response to food when hungry

b) The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest

c) The process of distinguishing two similar stimuli

d) The weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response

9. Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?

a) A dog salivating to a dinner bell and a doorbell

b) A dog salivating only in response to the dinner bell

 c) A dog's conditioned response weakening and disappearing

d) A dog's conditioned response reemerging after a period of rest

10. What is learned in classical conditioning?

a) A conditioned stimulus - conditioned response bond

b) Voluntary responses to stimuli

c) Reinforcement and punishment contingencies

d) Responses originally connected to a different stimulus

answers : 1) b, 2) c, 3) c, 4) b, 5) d, 6) b, 7) c, 8) b, 9) b, 10) a

case study quation

1. Case Study: John is a young boy who is afraid of dogs. Whenever he sees a dog, he becomes anxious
and tries to avoid them. Using classical conditioning, how could you help John overcome his fear of
dogs?

a) Pair the sight of a dog with a positive experience, such as receiving a treat.

b) Expose John to dogs in a controlled and safe environment.

c) Have John imagine positive scenarios involving dogs to reframe his perception.

d) Teach John relaxation techniques to use when he encounters dogs.

2. Case Study: Sarah is a university student who experiences an increased heart rate and sweating
whenever she enters a crowded lecture hall. Identify the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned
response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR) in this scenario.

a) UCS: Crowded lecture hall; UCR: Increased heart rate and sweating

b) UCS: Increased heart rate and sweating; UCR: Crowded lecture hall

c) CS: Crowded lecture hall; CR: Increased heart rate and sweating

d) CS: Increased heart rate and sweating; CR: Crowded lecture hall
3. Case Study: Mark has a phobia of flying in airplanes. He experiences intense fear, rapid breathing,
and panic attacks whenever he boards an airplane. Mark's therapist decides to use classical
conditioning to help him overcome his fear. What might be an appropriate approach to this therapy?

a) Exposing Mark to increasingly realistic virtual reality simulations of flying.

b) Providing Mark with relaxation exercises to practice during flights.

c) Pairing the experience of flying with a pleasant and relaxing stimulus.

d) Gradually exposing Mark to aircraft-related stimuli, such as airplane sounds.

4. Case Study: Emily used to love eating chocolate, but one day she got sick immediately after
consuming it. Now, even the smell of chocolate makes her feel nauseous. What are the UCS, UCR, CS,
and CR in this case?

a) UCS: Smell of chocolate; UCR: Feeling nauseous

b) UCS: Feeling nauseous; UCR: Smell of chocolate

c) CS: Smell of chocolate; CR: Feeling nauseous

d) CS: Feeling nauseous; CR: Smell of chocolate

5. Case Study: Alex volunteers for a study where he is repeatedly shown images of spiders while
receiving a mild electric shock. After several sessions, even the sight of a spider web causes him to feel
anxious and fearful. What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in this case?

a) The images of spiders

b) The mild electric shock

c) The sight of a spider web

d) Alex's anxiety and fear response

answers : 1) a, 2) c, 3) c, 4) c, 5) c.
1/Suppose a one-year old child is playing with a toy near an electrical out-let. He sticks part

of the toy into the outlet. He gets shocked, becomes frightened, and begins to cry. For

several days after that experience, he shows fear when his mother gives him the toy and

he refuses to play with it. What are the UCS? UCR? CS? CR?

a) UCS___________________________________

b) UCR___________________________________

c) CS____________________________________

d) CR___________________________________

ANSWER:

a) UCS :Electric shock from the outlet

b) UCR :Fright and crying

c) CS :Toy

d) CR : Fear and refusal to play with the toy