04/01/2024

TODAY’S LESSON:
Lesson 8: Communicative I. Definition of Communicative Strategies
II. Different Communicative Strategies
Strategies a. Nomination
b. Restriction
Oral Communication in Context c. Turn-taking
d. Topic control
e. Topic shifting
f. Repair
g. Termination

COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
Communicative strategies must
Strategies that language learners use to
overcome communication problems in
be used to start and keep
order for them to convey their intended conversations going.
meaning. (Cohen, 1990)

1. NOMINATION “Why don’t we

2. RESTRICTION “Let’s focus on
talk about Communicative
•Proposing or communication?” • Limiting the topic or Strategies!”
subject in conversation
suggesting a topic • Happens when the person
with the people you wants to focus on a
are talking to certain aspect of the issue
or topic being discussed
•Beginning or opening due to certain limiting
a discussion conditions (i.e. time)

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TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES
3. TURN-TAKING
“What do you 1. SPEAK, THEN ASK
• Process by which people think?
decide who takes the
conversational floor
• Allowing appropriate
opportunities for others
to talk
• Manner in which an
orderly conversation
normally takes place.

TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES
1. SPEAK, THEN ASK
2. USE CONJUCTIONS

TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES

1. SPEAK, THEN ASK 1. SPEAK, THEN ASK
2. USE CONJUCTIONS 2. USE CONJUCTIONS
3. TEACH PHRASES FOR AGREEING AND DISAGREEING 3. TEACH PHRASES FOR AGREEING AND DISAGREEING

4. TEACH PHRASES FOR ASKING AND GIVING OPINION

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TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES

1. SPEAK, THEN ASK 1. SPEAK, THEN ASK
2. USE CONJUCTIONS 2. USE CONJUCTIONS
3. TEACH PHRASES FOR AGREEING AND DISAGREEING 3. TEACH PHRASES FOR AGREEING AND DISAGREEING

4. TEACH PHRASES FOR ASKING AND GIVING OPINION 4. TEACH PHRASES FOR ASKING AND GIVING OPINION

5. TEACH FILLERS FOR PAUSES 5. TEACH FILLERS FOR PAUSES

6. AVOID INTERRUPTIONS

TURN-TAKING STRATEGIES 4. TOPIC CONTROL “Let’s talk about

1. SPEAK, THEN ASK something I am
more familiar
2. USE CONJUCTIONS •Regulating or with!”
3. TEACH PHRASES FOR AGREEING AND DISAGREEING manipulating the topic
of the conversation and
4. TEACH PHRASES FOR ASKING AND GIVING OPINION how long we want the
other person may talk
5. TEACH FILLERS FOR PAUSES •Done to elicit specific
6. AVOID INTERRUPTIONS information from a
conversation
7. CONSIDER FLUENCY OVER ACCURACY

5. TOPIC SHIFTING
• Changing the subject in a
conversation, moving
from one topic to another
• Done without explicitly
announcing the change of
topic and keeps the
communication going and
makes it interesting
“By the way, have 6. REPAIR “By the way, have
you done your you done your
homework in homework in
Math?” • Refers to the correction Math?”
by the speaker of a
misunderstood utterance
• How the speakers address
the problems in speaking,
listening, and
comprehending that they
may encounter in a
conversation

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FOUR VARIETIES OF REPAIR SEQUENCE FOUR VARIETIES OF REPAIR SEQUENCE

•Self-initiated Self-repair
•Other-initiated Self-repair •Self-initiated Self- “I did my
homework in

•Self-initiated Other-repair repair English, I mean

MATH!”

•Other-initiated Other-repair Both initiated and

carried out by the
speaker

FOUR VARIETIES OF REPAIR SEQUENCE FOUR VARIETIES OF REPAIR SEQUENCE

(1)“I need to (1)“I need to
(2)You need to
•Other-initiated
bring my books
•Self-initiated
@09G2hn& a
BORROW a so I need to get
laptop for (2)Another bag?
laptop for a another”
Self-repair
class”
(3)“I need to
BRING a
laptop for
class?
Other-repair (3)That’s right!
A BIGGER
BAG!
Initiated by the class
Speaker initiates
recipient, repair is the receiver to
carried out by the
speaker repair the trouble

FOUR VARIETIES OF REPAIR SEQUENCE

7. TERMINATION
(1)“Aren’t you
•Other-initiated
(2) “Friday is
glad today is
•Ending the conversation or closing a
actually
FRIDAY?” tomorrow”
Other-repair discussion
The receiver initiates •Refers to the conversation participants’
and carries out the close-initiating expressions that end a
repair of the trouble topic in a conversation

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PRE-CLOSING FOLLOW UP CLOSING

Expressions Expressions Expressions

• It’s been nice talking • I’ll give you a call. • See you next week.
to you
• I’ll have my • Here’s my number.
• I really enjoyed secretary schedule
meeting you. an appointment.
• Call me if you have END.
any questions.
• I’m afraid I have to
leave now. • How do I get in • I look forward to
touch with you? seeing you again.
• Thanks for taking
the time to talk to • How can I • Let’s keep in touch.
us. reach/contact you?