Logic and Computer Design

Fundamentals 5th Edition Mano

Solutions Manual
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 Problem Solutions – Chapter 7

CHAPTER 7
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

7-1.*
a) A  16, D  8 b) A  19, D  32 c) A  26, D  64 d) A  31, D  1

7-2.
a) (835)10  (11 0100 0011)2 , (15, 103)10  (00111010 1111 1111)2
b) (513)10 = (10 0000 0001)2, (44,252)10 = (1010 1100 1101 1100)2

7-3.*
Number of bits in array =  216  24  220  210  210
Row Decoder size = 210
a) Row Decoder = 10 to 1024, AND gates  210  1024 (assumes 1 level of gates with 10 inputs/gate)
Column Decoder = 6 to 64, AND gates = 26 = 64 (assumes 1 level of gates with 6 inputs/gate)

)
eb
Total AND gates required = 1024 + 64 =1088

er or in ing
ed id n
W
no the iss tea s

itt W tio
w
t p W em ch

e
d on g. in t la

m ld a
b) (32000)10  (0111110100 000000)2 , Row  500, Column  0
an ing rnin tors igh

.
r
or ud a uc y
w cl le tr p
e in nt ns co

D
th k ( de f i es
of or stu e o tat

7-4.
ity s w g us d S

is
te f t ss th nite
e rt ss fo U
gr hi in e

a) Number of RAM cell arrays  8 (2G  231 ) / (214  214  228 )  (23  8)
th a a ly by

a) Number of RAM cell array s = 8(2G = 231)/(214 x 214 = 228) = (23 = 8)

in o e r
y y p d le d
ro n an o te

b)
st f a s d s ec

b)
de o rse de ot
ill le u vi pr

A28 A29 A30

w r sa co pro is
o eir is rk
th nd wo

S0 S1 S2
a his
T

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Each line is connected to the respective array decoder enable

7-5.
15 row pins + 14 column pins  229  512 M addresses

7-6.
With 4-bit data, the RAM cell array contains 232/22 = 230 words.
The number of address pins is 30/2 = 15.

7-7.
Interval between refreshes = 64ms/8192 = 7.8125 μs
Using the 60 ns refresh time from the text example, total time for refresh = 8192 × 60 ns = 0.49 ms
Minimum number of pins = 13

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
 Problem Solutions – Chapter 7

7-8.*
a) 2 MB/128 K × 16 = 2MB/ 256 KB = 8 b) With 2 byte/word, 2MB/2 B  220 , Add Bits = 20
128K addresses per chip implies 17 address bits. c) 3 address lines to decoder, decoder is 3-to-8-line

7-9.

)
eb
er or in ing
ed id n
W
no the iss tea s

itt W tio
w
t p W em ch

e
d on g. in t la

m ld a
an ing rnin tors igh

.
r
or ud a uc y
w cl le tr p
e in nt ns co

D
th k ( de f i es
of or stu e o tat
ity s w g us d S

is
te f t ss th nite
e rt ss fo U
gr hi in e
th a a ly by

k
in o e r
y y p d le d
ro n an o te
st f a s d s ec
de o rse de ot
ill le u vi pr
w r sa co pro is
o eir is rk
th nd wo
a his
T

7-10.
An SDRAM simultaneously reads the desired row and stores all of the information in the I/O
logic. Next the desired column is read from the I/O logic and the data appears on the output.
During burst transfers, the subsequent data words are read from the I/O logic and placed on the
output. This occurs for the predetermined number of words known as the burst length. For burst
transfers, this is faster since the row has already been pre-read.

7-11.
A DDR SDRAM uses both the positive and negative edges of the clock to transfer data. This
allows the DRAM to transfer twice as much data while keeping the same clock frequency.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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 peptic ferment in, 16
Foam structure, 6
Folliculina, 137;
tube of, 152
Food, 35 f. (see also Ingestion);
of Higher Animals, 38;
absorption of, by Plants, 38;
in relation to life-cycle of Ciliata, 147 f.;
of Sponges, 237;
of Hydra, 256 and n.;
of Millepora, 261;
of Siphonophora, 304;
of Charybdea, 319;
of Alcyonium, 339;
of Zoantharia, 373;
of Asterias rubens, 439;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 486;
of Ophiolepididae, 496;
of Echinus esculentus, 516;
of Echinarachnius parma, 546;
of Echinocardium cordatum, 552;
of Holothuria nigra, 561;
of Dendrochirota, 572;
of Synapta inhaerens, 577;
of Antedon rosacea, 583
Food-vacuole, of Actinosphaerium eichornii, 72;
of Ciliata, 145 f.;
of Carchesium, 146
Foot-plate, of young Pentacrinidae, 592;
of larva of Antedon rosacea, 619
Foraminifera, 40, 49, 50, 58 f.;
relations of, 49;
shell of, 49, 59 f., 60, 61, 63, 65;
habitat of, 59 f.;
literature of, 58 n.;
marine, 60 f.;
nuclei of, 62, 67 f.;
 nutrition of, 40, 62;
streaming of granules in, 17;
chromidia of, 62, 68 f.;
collection of, 62;
dimorphism of, 66, 67;
reproduction of, 67 f.;
economic uses of, 69 f.;
palaeontology of, 69 f.
Forbes, 338
Force, dual, of dividing-cell, 26 n.
Forcepia, 223
Forceps, 222
Forcipulata, 462, 473 f.
Forcipulate pedicellaria, 456, 473
Formative vacuole of contractile vacuole, in Flagellata, 110, 115;
in Ciliata, 143
Fossil, Foraminifera, 69 f.;
Radiolaria, 87 f.;
Dinoflagellata, 132;
Peridinium, 132;
Sponges, 192 f., 207 f., 215, 241;
Coelenterates, 270, 281 f., 343 f., 346, 393 f., 406;
Asteroidea, 475 f.;
Ophiuroidea, 501 f.;
Echinoidea, 556 f.;
Crinoidea, 594 f.;
Thecoidea, 596;
Carpoidea, 596 f.;
Cystoidea, 597 f.;
Blastoidea, 599 f.
Fowler, 293 n., 382, 400, 404
Framboesia, 121 n.
France, epidemic of pébrine in, 107
Francé, on structure of funnel of Choanoflagellates, 115 n., 121 n.;
monograph of Choanoflagellates, 123, 182 n.;
on Polytomeae, 119 n.
Freetown, prophylaxis of malaria at, 106
Fringing reef, 390 f.
Frog's blood, Lankesterella in, 102
Frondicularia, 59, 63
Fructification, of Mycetozoa, 90 f.;
of Acrasieae, 90;
of Myxomycetes, 49, 91 f.
Fry, E. and A., on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
Fuligo, 90;
F. varians, 92 f.;
pepsin in, 16
Fungacea, 402
Fungi, cell connexions in, 37 f.;
in relation to Protista, 40;
Gasteromycetous, 91
Fungia, 403;
asexual reproduction of, 388, 389;
F. crassitentaculata, 403
Fungiidae, 403
Funiculina, 359, 362;
F. quadrangularis, 362
Funiculinidae, 362
Funnel, of Craspedomonadidae or Choanoflagellates, 111, 121, 122,
182;
of Phalausteridae, 111;
of choanocytes of Sponges, 171
Fusion of larval Sponges, 174
Fusion-nucleus of Ciliata, 150
—see also Reproduction, Syngamy, Zygotonucleus
Fusulina, 59

Galaxea, 400;
G. esperi, 400
Galeolaria, 307;
G. biloba, 304
Galeolarinae, 307
Galerites, 558
Gamble, 312 n.;
 and Keeble, 175 n.
Gametes, 33 f.;
of Trichosphaerium, 54;
of certain Protomastigaceae, 116 n.;
of Volvocidae, 127 f.;
of Pandorina (of three sizes), 128, 129
Gametocyte of Acystosporidae, 104 f.
Gametogonium (= parent-cell of gametes), male, of Acystosporidae,
105
Gametonuclei (= nuclei capable of syngamous fusion), 34
Ganeria, 464
Ganeriidae, 454, 464
Gardiner, 345, 370, 375, 392 n., 404
Garveia, 270
Gasteromycetous fungi, 91
Gastral layer, 171
Gastralia, 201
Gastropores, 257, 258
Gastrozooids, of Millepora, 259, 260;
of Hydractinia, 264;
of Siphonophora, 299;
of Antipatharia, 408
Gastrula, definition of, 603
Gaule, misinterpretation of nature of Haemosporidae, 102
Gegenbaur, 302
Gellius 217, 223;
G. varius, development, 172 f., 173, 174
Gemmantes, 400
Gemmaria, 405
Gemination = Budding, q.v.
Gemmiform, pedicellariae, of Echinus esculentus, 506;
of E. acutus, 509;
of E. elegans, 510;
of Cidaridae, 534;
of Echinarachnius parma, 544;
of Echinocardium cordatum, 550
Gemmule, 177, 178, 179, 230
Generation, spontaneous, 42 f.
Generations, alternation of, 44, 250
Genital base of Holothuria nigra, 567
Genital bursa, of Ophiothrix fragilis, 485
compared with hydrospires of Blastoidea, 600
Genital canal of Antedon rosacea, 586
Genital organs (including ducts), of Asterias rubens, 451 f.;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 490;
of Ophiarachna, 491;
of Ophiuroidea, 494;
of Amphiura squamata, 494;
of Echinus esculentus, 528;
of Echinocardium cordatum, 552;
of Hemiaster philippi, 552;
of Holothuria nigra, 567;
of Antedon rosacea, 586
Genital plate, of Ophiothrix fragilis, 485;
of Echinus esculentus, 512, 513
Genital rachis, of Asterias rubens, 452;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 490;
of Echinus esculentus, 528;
of Antedon rosacea, 586
Genital scale of Ophiothrix fragilis, 485
Genital stolon, of Asterias rubens, 451;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 489;
of Echinus esculentus, 528;
of Holothuria nigra, 567;
of Antedon rosacea, 585, 586;
of larva of A. rosacea, 619
Geodia, 211
Geographical distribution of Protozoa, 47
Geotaxy (= barotaxy), 20
Gephyra dohrnii, 382, 408
Gephyrea, 577
Gerarde, 167
Gerardia savalia, 406
Gerbillus indicus infested by a Haemosporidian, 102 n.
Germinal spot (= nucleole of ovum), 7
Germinal vesicle (= nucleus of ovum), 7
Germination, 32;
of Myxosporidian spores, 107
Germ-plasm, 28 f.;
continuity of, 172
Germ theory, 44
Germs, invisible air-borne, 43
Geryonia, 290, 295
Gilchrist, 338
Gill of Echinus, 514, 527
Gill-cleft, of Echinus, 514;
of Sphaerechinus, 540 f.;
of Strongylocentrotus, 541
Ginkgo, spermatozoa of, 38
Glaucoma, 137, 153;
G. scintillans, rate of fission of, 147 f.
Glauconite, 70
Globiceps, 272
Globiferae of Centrostephanus longispinosus, 532
Globigerina, 59, 63, 242;
spines of, 61, 66;
-ooze, 61 f.;
G. bulloides, 68, 69
Glossina morsitans, intermediate host of Trypanosoma brucei, 119;
G. palpalis, intermediate host of T. gambiense, 120
Glossograptus, 282
Glycerin, 15
Glycogen, of Ciliata, 144;
-vesicles of Pelomyxa palustris, 53
Gnat (Anopheles), intermediate host of Haemamoeba and
Laverania, 103 f.;
(Culex) intermediate host of Haemoproteus, 103;
of Trypanosoma, 120
Golgi, on relation of Acystosporidian life-cycle and stages of
intermittent fever, 103
Gonactinia, 371, 372, 377
Gonangium, 276
Goniaster, 471;
fossil, 475
Goniastraea, 375, 401
Goniocidaris, 534;
G. canaliculata, 535
Gonionema, 288, 291;
G. murbachii, 232, 290, 291, 292
Gonium, 111
Gonophore, of Gymnoblastea, 265;
of Calyptoblastea, 277;
of Stylasterina, 284;
of Siphonophora, 302
Gonotheca, 276, 281
Gonozooids, of Siphonophora, 302;
of Antipatharia, 408
Gorgonacea, 350 f.
Gorgonella, 357;
spicule, 336
Gorgonellidae, 337, 357
Gorgonia, 356;
G. cavolinii, 340;
G. flabellum, 357;
G. verrucosa, 356
Gorgoniidae, 334, 337, 356
Gorgonocephalus, 491, 501
Gosse, 273
Goto, 291, 293;
on development of Bipinnaria, 612
Grammaria, 278
Granatocrinus, 599;
G. norwoodi, 600
Grant, 167
Grantiidae, 192
Grantiopsis, 191
Granular disintegration of Protista, 14 f.
Granules, in protoplasm, 6;
 excretory, 6, 144;
aleurone, 37;
basal, of cilia, etc., 138 n., 141 (see also Blepharoplast);
proteid, of Suctoria, 161
Graphiohexaster, 203
Graptolitoidea, 281
Grassi, on malarial parasites, 103
Gravity, stimulus of, 19 f.
Greasy film, outer clear layer of protoplasm behaves like, 17
Greeff, on Protozoa, 46
Green Flagellates, relations of, 48
Greensand, 70;
Cambridge, 208
Green water often due to Euglena viridis, 124
Greenwood, M., on peptic digestion in Protozoa, 16;
on feeding of Carchesium polypinum, 45 f., 146 f.
Gregarina, 97, 98, 99;
G. blattarum, 98
Gregarines, habitat, 99;
syngamy, 99
Gregarinidaceae, 95 f., 97 f.
Gregory, 346
Grew, 166
Grey chalk, 61
Gromia, 52;
G. oviformis, 59 n.
—see also Allogromia
Grooves, longitudinal and transverse, of Dinoflagellata, 110, 130,
131, 132;
of Peridinium, 131;
of Polykrikos, 132;
oral, of Noctiluca, 133
Grosvenor, 249 n.
Growth, 19 f.;
Spencer's limit of, 23, 31
Gruber, on regeneration in Protozoa, 35 n.;
on diffused nucleus in marine Ciliata, 144 n.;
 on tubicolous marine Ciliata, 152
Gruppe, deposit of Radiolaria, 87
Guinea Coast, 106
Gullet (= pharynx) of Paramecium caudatum, 151
Gut, supposed, of Ciliata, 145
—see also Alimentary canal
Gutter, oral, of Vorticellidae, 156, 158
Gymnamoebae, 51 n.
Gymnasteridae, 471
Gymnoblastea, 262 f.
Gymnodinium, 110;
G. pulvisculus, parasitic in Appendicularia, 132
Gymnomyxa, 49 n.
Gymnophrys, 58
Gymnosphaera, 70, 73
Gymnostomaceae, 137;
predaceous, trichocysts of, 143;
mouth and pharynx of, 145;
noteworthy members of, 152
Gyractis, 380

Häcker, on skeleton of Radiolaria, 82 n.

Haddon, 382
Haeckel, 168, 185, 192, 237, 308;
on Monera, 4 n., 89 n.;
on Protista, 40 f.;
on Protozoa, 46;
on Heliozoa, 71;
on classification of Radiolaria, 76;
on functions of porocone in Radiolaria, 81;
on enumeration of Radiolaria, 87 f.;
on Myxobrachia, 83;
on Sponges, 168, 192;
on phylogeny of Echinodermata, 622
Haeckeliana, 79, 85
Haemamoeba, 97, 103 f.;
H. malariae, parasite of quartan fever, 104 f.;
 H. vivax, parasite of tertian fever, 104 f.
Haematochrome, 125
Haematococcus (= Sphaerella, 111), 125, 126
Haemoflagellates (= Trypanosoma, etc., q.v.), 119 n.
Haemoglobin, 103;
in water-vascular system of Ophiactis virens, 499
Haemogregarina, 97
Haemomenas (Ross's name for parasite of pernicious fever =
Laverania, 97), 105
Haemoproteus, 97;
parasitic in birds, 103
Haemosporidae, 97, 102
Haimea hyalina, 342;
H. funebris, 342.
Haimeidae, 342
Halcampa, 366, 380;
H. chrysanthellum, 380
Halcampidae, 375, 380
Halecium, 277, 280
Haleremita, 256
Halicalyx, 291
Halichondria, 217, 223;
H. panicea, structure, etc., 168 f., 169, 170, 211
Halichondrina, 216, 217
Haliclystus, 320, 321;
H. auricula, 320
Halicnemia, 216, 224
Haliomma, 77
Haliphysema, 59
Halisarca, 196, 225
Halomitra, 404
Halteria, 137, 152, 155
Halteridium, 97;
sexual fusion in, 103, 105;
regarded by Schaudinn as a state of Trypanosoma, 103 n., 120
Hamacantha, 223
Hamann, on supposed cavities in the body-wall of Asteroidea, 449;
 on classification of Zygophiurae, 495 n.
Hanitsch, 168 n.
Hapalocarcinus, 402
Hardy, on structure of protoplasm and clearing, 11, 12 n.
Hartea elegans, 342
Hartlaub, 269 n., 274, 297 n.
Hartog, on Protozoa, 1 f.;
on structure of protoplasm, living and dead, 11;
on function of contractile vacuole, 15 n.;
on intracellular digestion, 16;
on brood-division (multiple cell-division), 16 n.;
on dual force of dividing cell, 26 n.;
on syngamy, etc., 34 n.;
and Dixon, on pepsin in Pelomyxa, 16
Harvey, "omne vivum ex ovo," 42
Hastigerina, 59, 66
Hauerina, 59
Heart, of Asterias rubens, 450
Heart-urchins = Spatangoidea, q.v.
Heat—see Temperature
Heat-rigor, 22
Heleopera, 52;
test of, 55
Heliaster, 474
Heliasteridae, 453, 454, 474
Heliolites, 346
Heliolitidae, 346
Heliopora, 330, 334, 337, 345 f.
Helioporidae, 346
Heliozoa, 50, 70 f.;
streaming of granules, 17;
regeneration, 35;
habitat, 48;
locomotion, 73;
various forms of, 74;
marine, 75;
distribution of, 75;
 resemblance of Suctoria to, 159
Hemiaster, 556;
H. philippi, 552, 555, 602, 603
Hemichordata, 616
Henneguy, on protoplasm, 3 n.;
on syngamy, 34 n.
Henneguya, 98
Henricia—see Cribrella
Hérouard, Delage and, on Protozoa, 46
Herpetolitha, 404
Herpetomonas, 115
Hertwig, R., on Protozoa, 46;
on chromidia in Sarcodina, 52 n.;
on Heliozoa, 71;
on Radiolaria, 88;
on Suctoria, 161 n., 162
Heteractinellida, 208
Heterastridium, 283
Heterocentrotus, 532, 542
Heterocoela, 187 f.
Heterophrys, 71
Heteropidae, 192
Heterotrichaceae, 137, 153 f.;
fission of, 147
Heteroxenia, 333, 335, 348
Hexactine (a triaxon in which all six actines are developed), 184
Hexactinellida, 194, 195, 197 f., 228, 240
Hexadella, 196
Hexamitus, 115
Hexaster (a hexactine with secondary or terminal rays = Carter's
"rosette"), 203
Hexasterophora, 203 f.
Hickson, on interchange of cytoplasm in conjugating Infusoria, 149
n.;
on conjugation in Suctoria, 161 f.;
on Coelenterata, 243 f.;
on Millepora, 259 n.;
 on Stylasterina, 286 n.;
on Alcyonaria, 329 n., 351 n., 352 n., 359 n.;
on Antipatharia, 408 n.;
on Ctenophora, 412 f.
Hieronymus on Chlamydomyxa, 90 n.
Hincks, 268 n.
Hinde, 193, 207
Hippasterias, 471
Hippopodius, 307
Hippospongia, 221
Holectypoidea, 558
Holophytic, Algae and Fungi, zoospores of, 5;
nutrition, 37;
Flagellates, 113
Holopodidae, 592
Holopus, 588, 589, 594
Holothuria, 570;
H. nigra, 561 f.;
shape, 561;
feelers, 561;
body-wall, 562;
alimentary canal, 562;
respiratory trees, 563;
water-vascular system, 564;
nervous system, 566;
calcareous ring, 566;
blood system, 567;
genital organs, 567;
H. cinerascens, 567;
H. fusco-rubra, 567;
H. aspera, 570;
H. intestinalis, 570;
H. tremula, 570
Holothuroidea, 431, 537, 560 f., 583;
mesenchyme of larva, 604;
development of, 609, 614, 615;
phylogeny of, 622
Holotrypasta (= Porulosa), 76
Holozoic, 35 f.;
Flagellates, 113;
Dinoflagellates, 131
Holt, 311 n.;
on burrowing habits of Strongylocentrotus lividus, 541 n.
Homaxonic (= symmetrical about a centre along an indefinite
number of equivalent axes), 76
Homocoela, 185 f.
Homoeonema, 294
Homostichanthus anemone, 383
Honey-bees, alleged spontaneous generation of, 42
Hormiphora, 418;
H. plumosa, 413
Human diseases, produced by Coccidiaceae, 102 f.;
by Amoeba histolytica, 57;
by Trypanosomids, 119 f.
Huxley, on Protozoa, 45;
first description of a living Radiolarian, 88;
on Cystoflagellates, 135
Hyalonema, 203, 204;
H. sieboldi, 206;
H. thomsoni, 204, 221
Hyalopus, 52;
H. dujardini, 59 n.
Hyalosphenia, 52;
H. lata, 55
Hyboclypus, 558;
H. gibberulus, 558
Hybocodon (Corymorphidae, 273), 265
Hydatina senta, often found with Euglena viridis, 124
Hydra, 253 f., 255;
nematocysts of, 247;
species of, 256;
specific gravity of, 13 n.;
host of Kerona and Trichodina, 158;
Zoochlorella in, 126, 256;
 H. oligactis (= fusca), 253, 256;
H. pallida, 256 n.;
H. viridis, 253, 256;
H. vulgaris, (= grisea), 253, 256;
nematocyst, 247
Hydractinia, 263, 265, 268, 270
Hydrallmania falcata, 278
Hydrichthys mirus, 268
Hydroceratinidae, 279
Hydrocladia, 276
Hydrocoel (including left hydrocoel), 428;
of Antedon rosacea, 585;
development of, 608 f., 609;
development in Asterina gibbosa, 611;
in Auricularia, 615;
in Antedon rosacea, 619
Hydroctena salenskii, 423, 424
Hydrolaridae, 273
Hydrophyllium, 297, 300
Hydrorhiza, 262
Hydrosome, 250, 251
Hydrospire, of Blastoidea, 580, 599;
of Codaster, 599;
of Pentremites, 599;
of Granatocrinus, 599 f.
Hydrotheca, 275
Hydrozoa, 249 f.;
hydrosome, 250;
life-history, 250;
medusome, 250, 251 f.;
sense-organs, 252
Hydrurus, 110;
theca of, 113
Hymedesmia, 222
Hymenaster, 466;
H. pellucidus, 465
Hymeniacidon, 224
Hymeraphia, 223
Hyocrinidae, 590
Hyocrinus, 588, 589, 590, 590;
H. bethellianus, 590
Hyperia (Amphipod), parasitic in Radiolaria, 87
Hyphalaster, 471;
H. moseri, 459
Hypnocyst, of Rhizopoda, 57;
of Proteomyxa, 88 f.;
of Pseudospora, 89;
of Myxomycetes, 90 f.
Hypolytus peregrinus, 262, 271 n.
Hypophare, 210
Hypostome, 250
Hypotrichaceae, 137, 138 f., 158 n.

Ianthella, 220
Ichthyophtheirius, 137;
noxious parasite of fish, 152
Iciligorgia, 351
Idioplasm, 29
Ijima, 199, 206, 231, 234
Ileonema, 137, 152
Ilyanthus mitchellii, 380
Ilyodaemon, 571, 572;
I. maculatus, 571
Imperforate, Foraminifera, 58 f.;
Corals, 371
Inadunata, 595
Incurrent canal, 170
India, diseases of Trypanosomic origin, 119 f.
Induction shocks, action on Protozoa, 7, 22
Infero-marginal ossicle of Asteroidea, 436
Inflammation, 8
Infra-basal plate, of Crinoidea, 588;
of fossil Crinoidea, 594;
of larval Antedon rosacea, 619
Infundibulum, 415
Infusions, appearance of organisms in, 42 f.;
organisms of, 136
Infusoria, 40, 48, 50, 136 f.;
specific gravity of, 13 n.;
zygote does not encyst, 34.
Ingestion, of food, by Amoeba limax, 9;
by Choanoflagellates, 122;
by Dinoflagellates, 131;
by Carchesium, 146;
by Coleps, 150
—vacuole of, in Flagellates, 113;
in Oikomonas, 112;
in Choanoflagellates, 122
Inner perihaemal ring-canal, of Asterias rubens, 448;
development of, in Asterina gibbosa, 612
Inoculation of malarial fever in man through a mosquito, 105 f.
Insectivorous plants, 38
Insects, metamorphoses of, 44;
as hosts of Trichonymphidae, 123
Interambulacral area, of Echinarachnius parma, 544;
of Echinocardium cordatum, 550
Interambulacral plate, of Echinus esculentus, 511;
of Cidaridae, 533 f.;
of Echinarachnius parma, 544 f.
Interbrachial septa—see Interradial septa
Interchanges between cell and medium, 14
Intermediate dorsal process of ciliated band of Auricularia, 608
Intermediate (= supplemental) skeleton of Perforate Foraminiferal
shell, 63, 66
Intermittent fever, malarial, produced by Acystosporidae, 103 f.
Internal budding of Suctoria, 160 f., 162;
of Ephydatia, 177
Internal gills—see Stewart's organs
Internal movements of protoplasm, 17
Interradial plates, of calcareous ring of Holothuria nigra, 566;
of Holothuroidea, 569;
 of Synaptida, 569;
of Dendrochirota, 569;
of calyx of Crinoidea, 589;
of Thaumatocrinus, 589;
of Hyocrinus, 590;
of Rhizocrinidae, 591;
of corona of Echinoidea—see Interambulacral plate
Interradial septa, of Asterias rubens, 437;
of Heliasteridae, 474;
absent in Brisingidae, 475
Interradius, 428;
of Asterias rubens, 434;
of Echinus esculentus, 504;
of Holothuria nigra, 562
Interstitial growth, 10
Intestine, 415;
of Echinus esculentus, 516;
of Holothuria nigra, 563;
of Antedon rosacea, 583;
of Actinometra, 589;
of Dipleurula, 605;
of Protocoelomata, 616
Intracapsular protoplasm of Radiolaria, 80 f.
Intramolecular respiration, 14 n.
Intranuclear spindle of Euylypha, 29
Invertebrata, hosts of Gregarines, 97 f.
Iodine, 239
Iophon, 223
Iridogorgia, 355
Isaurus, 405
Ischadites, 207
Ischikawa, on syngamy of Cystoflagellates, 135;
on structure of Ephelota, 162
Isidae, 337, 353
Isidella, 354
Isis, 353
Ismailia, prophylaxis of malaria at, 106
Isochela (a chela divisible by each of two planes into two equal
parts, the two ends being equally developed), 222
Isocrinus—see Pentacrinus
Isogamy, 33 f.;
of Rhizopoda, 56 f.;
of Stephanosphaera, 128
—see also Syngamy
Isospores, 85;
of Radiolaria, 76;
of Collozoum inerme, 76

Jaekel, on Silurian Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea, 501;

on classification of Crinoidea, 589, 595;
on classification of Cystoidea, 598
James-Clark, on Protozoa, 46;
on Choanoflagellates, 121, 123;
on Sponges, 167
Jaw, of Ophiothrix fragilis, 482;
of fossil Ophiuroidea, 502;
of Echinus esculentus, 526
Jelly, forming theca in Flagellates, 113
Jelly-fish, 249, 297, 323
Jennings, on protoplasmic movements, 4 n., 16 n.;
reaction of Protista to repellent stimuli, 20 n., 21 n.
Jensen, on density of living protoplasm, 13 n.;
on protoplasmic movements, 16 n.
Joblot, on organisms of putrefaction, 43;
on Protozoa, 45
Joenia, 111
Johnson, 352 n.
Juncella, 330, 335, 357
Jung, 253 n.
Jungersen, 359 n.

Karyogamy, 34 n.
—see also Syngamy of Ciliata
Karyokinesis, 25, 26, 27;
 function of, 28 f.;
of micronuclei of Ciliata, 144 f.
—see also Mitosis
Karyolysus, 97
Karyosome, 24
Keeble, 175 n.
Keller, 233
Kemna, on stylopodium of Foraminifera, 60
Kent, Saville, on Choanoflagellates, 122 f., 182;
on Infusoria and Flagellates, 136 n.
Keroeides, 351
Kerona, 138;
K. polyporum, 158 n.
Kieselguhr, 87
Kirkpatrick, 215
Kishinouye, 313 n., 321 n., 333, 352
Klebs, on Flagellates, 119;
on Dinoflagellates, 130
Koch, von, on methods of cultivation of lower organisms, 44;
on malarial parasites, 103
Kölliker, on Sporozoa, 94 f.
Kophobelemnon, 362
Kophobelemnonidae, 362
Köppen, on Sticholonche and its parasite, Amoebophrya, 87 n.
Korethraster, 453, 463
Kowalevsky, 341, 422
Krukenberg, on pepsin in a Myxomycete, 16
Kükenthal, 363

Labbé, on Protozoa, 45;

monograph of Sporozoa, 102 n.
Labial plexus of Antedon rosacea, 587
Labyrinthine shell-wall of arenaceous Foraminifera, 59, 66
Labyrinthula, 90 f.
Lachmann, Claparède and, on Protozoa, 45;
on Suctoria, 162
Lacrymaria, 137, 152 n.;