PIPES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL

(A) Series A B C D
Q Q
1 2 3

(1) Total head loss = hf1 + hf2 + hf3

(2) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 2

(B) Series and Parallel 1

3 5

A B C D
4

(1) Total head loss = hf1 + hf3 + hf5

(2) hf2 = hf3 = hf4
(3) Q1 = Q2 + Q3 + Q4
(4) Q1 = Q5
Exercise Problem #19
Determine the discharged through three new
cast-iron pipes connected in series, having the diameters
as shown in the figure. The total frictional loss, excluding
minor losses is 5 J/N. Use n=0.011 for all pipes.
400 m 600 m
300 m
Q Q
1 2 3
15 cm Ǿ 20 cm Ǿ 25 cm Ǿ
Solution: 10.30 𝑛2 𝐿 𝑄2
hf = In terms of discharge
𝐷16/3

Total head loss = hf1 + hf2 + hf3

10.30 0.011 2 (300) 𝑄12 10.30 0.011 2 (400) 𝑄22 10.30 0.011 2 (600) 𝑄32
5= + +
(0.15)16/3 (0.20)16/3 (0.25)16/3

5 = 9,266.67 Q12 + 2,663.93 Q22 + 1,215.52 Q32

Q = Q1 = Q2 = Q3
5 = 9,266.67 Q2 + 2,663.93 Q2 + 1,215.52 Q2
Q = 0.020 m3/s or 20 liters/s
Exercise Problem
The discharge of the pipe system shown in the figure is 440 liters/s.
Determine the head loss from A to D. Use f=0.020 for all pipes
600 m 2

30 cm Ǿ
Q= 440 li/s 1000 m 500 m 3 1200 m
1 5
A 75 cm Ǿ B 25 cm Ǿ C 90 cm Ǿ D
800 m 4
Solution: 0.083 𝑓𝐿 𝑄2
40 cm Ǿ
hf = 𝐷5
hf2 = hf3 = hf4
0.083 0.02 (600) 𝑄22 0.083 0.02 (500) 𝑄32 0.083 0.02 (800) 𝑄42
= =
(0.30)5 (0.25)5 (0.40)5
409.88 Q22 = 849.92 Q32 = 129.69 Q42
Q3 = 0.694 Q2
Q4 = 1.778 Q2
Q1 = Q2 + Q3 + Q4
0.440 = Q2 + 0.694 Q2 + 1.778 Q2
Q2 = 0.127 m3/s 0.083 0.02 (1200) (0.44)2
hf5 = = 0.653 𝑚
0.083 0.02 (600) (0.127)2 (0.90)5
hf2 = = 6.611 𝑚
(0.30)5 HL = hf1+ hf2 + hf5 = 1.354 + 6.611 + 0.653
2
0.083 0.02 (1000) (0.44)
hf1 = = 1.354 𝑚 HLA-D = 8.618 m
(0.75)5