CHAPTER 2:

FLOW IN PIPES AND

PIPE NETWORKS
 2

CHAPTER 2: FLOW IN PIPES AND PIPE NETWORKS

 TWO PIPES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL BETWEEN TWO  TWO PIPES ARE CONNECTED PARALLEL BETWEEN TWO
RESERVOIRS: RESERVOIRS:

L1=2600m D1=1.3m C1=90 L1=2600m D1=1.3m C1=90

L2=2400m D2=0.9m C2=100 L2=2400M D2=0.9m C2=100

FOR A DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION OF 3.8m DETERMINE FOR A 5.4m³/s FLOW IN THE SYSTEM, DETERMINE THE
THE TOTAL FLOW OF WATER. DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION OF RESERVOIR SURFACE.
TWO PIPES ARE CONNECTED  @ line 1 2
IN PARALLEL BETWEEN TWO
RESERVOIRS:  Q = 0.2785 C D2.63 S0.54
L1=2600m D1=1.3m C1=90  S=
L2=2400m D2=0.9m C2=100
FOR A DIFFERENCE IN  S = 0.00146
ELEVATION OF 3.8m
DETERMINE THE TOTAL FLOW
 Q1 = 0.2785 (90)(1.3)2.63 (0.00146)0.54
OF WATER.  Q1 = 1.47 m³/s

 @ line 2
  
 S=
 Q2 = 0.2785 C D2.63 S0.54
 Q2 = 0.2785 (100)(0.9)2.63 (0.00158)0.54
 Q1 = 0.65 m³/s

 Q = Q1 + Q2
 Q = 1.47 + 0.650
 Q = 2.12 m³/s
TWO PIPES ARE CONNECTED 2
PARALLEL BETWEEN TWO
RESERVOIRS:
L1=2600m D1=1.3m C1=90
L2=2400M D2=0.9m C2=100
FOR A 5.4m³/s FLOW IN
THE SYSTEM, DETERMINE THE
DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION OF  Q = Q1 + Q2
RESERVOIR SURFACE.
 5.4 = 0.2785C1 D12.63 S 0.54 + 0.2785C2 D22.63 S 0.54
 5.4 = 0.2785 (90)(1.3)2.63 S 0.54 + 0.2785(100)(0.9)2.63 S 0.54
 5.4 = 71.083 S0.54
   0.54 = 0.07597
 S

 S = 0.008455
 S=
 0.008455 =
 H = 20.30m.
 2

CHAPTER 2: FLOW IN PIPES AND PIPE NETWORKS

THE TURBINE SHOWN IS LOCATED
IN THE 350 mm-diameter LINE. IF
THE TURBINE EFFICIENCY IS 90%,
DETERMINE ITS OUTPUT POWER
IN KILOWATTS.
DETERMINE THE FLOW IN EACH
PIPE SHOWN IN THE FIGURE.
ASSUME f=0.02 FOR ALL PIPES.
THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN IN
THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A SPRAY
RINSE SYSTEM. FIND THE FLOW IN
EACH PIPE. ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR
ALL PIPES.
 2

THE TURBINE SHOWN IS

LOCATED IN THE 350 mm-
diameter LINE. IF THE TURBINE
EFFICIENCY IS 90%,
 SOLUTION:
DETERMINE ITS OUTPUT
POWER IN KILOWATTS.

THE TURBINE SHOWN IS
LOCATED IN THE 350 mm-
diameter LINE. IF THE TURBINE
EFFICIENCY IS 90%,
DETERMINE ITS OUTPUT
POWER IN KILOWATTS.
2
 Q3 = 0.23m³/s
 hf3 =
 hf3 = 87.75 m
 ELEV. D’ = ELEV. C + hf3 = 280+87.75
 ELEV. D’ = 367.75 m
  
 hf2 = ELEV. D’ – ELEV. B
 hf2 = 367.75 – 330
 hf2 = 37.75 m
 hf2 =
 Q2 = 0.0487 m³/s

THE TURBINE SHOWN IS
LOCATED IN THE 350 mm-
diameter LINE. IF THE TURBINE
EFFICIENCY IS 90%,
DETERMINE ITS OUTPUT
POWER IN KILOWATTS.
2
 @ JUNCTION D:
 [INFLOW = OUTFLOW}
 Q1 = Q2+Q3
 Q1 = 0.0487+0.23
 Q1 = 0.2787 m³/s
  
 hf1 =
 hf1 + HE = ELEV. A – ELEV. D’
 26.825 + HE = 400 – 367.75
 HE = 5.425 m
 2

THE TURBINE SHOWN IS

LOCATED IN THE 350 mm-
diameter LINE. IF THE TURBINE
EFFICIENCY IS 90%,
DETERMINE ITS OUTPUT
POWER IN KILOWATTS.
 POWER INPUT =
 POWER INPUT = 0.2787(9.81)(5.425)
 POWER INPUT = 14.83 kilowatts
  
 POWER OUTPUT = POWER INPUT x IFFICIENCY
 POWER OUTPUT = 14.83 + 0.90
 POWER OUTPUT = 13.347 kilowatts
 2

DETERMINE THE FLOW IN

EACH PIPE SHOWN IN THE
FIGURE. ASSUME f=0.02 FOR
ALL PIPES.
 SOLUTION:
 hf1 =
 hf2 =
  
 hf2 =
 hf2 =
 2

DETERMINE THE FLOW IN  DIRECTION OF FLOW:

EACH PIPE SHOWN IN THE  ASSUME Q2 = 0:
FIGURE. ASSUME f=0.02 FOR
ALL PIPES.
 2

DETERMINE THE FLOW IN

EACH PIPE SHOWN IN THE
FIGURE. ASSUME f=0.02 FOR
ALL PIPES.

 hf1 = 12.75 Q1² = 15 Q1 = 1.085 m³/s

 hf3 = 306 Q3² = 25 Q3 = 0.286 m³/s
 hf4 = 19579 Q4² = 45 Q4 = 0.048 m³/s

 Q3 + Q4 = 0.334 m³/s
 2

DETERMINE THE FLOW IN  SINCE Q1 > (Q3+Q4), THE FLOW FROM PIPE 1 IS MORE
EACH PIPE SHOWN IN THE
THAN ENOUGH TO SUPPLY PIPES 3 AND 4. THEREFORE, Q2
FIGURE. ASSUME f=0.02 FOR
IS TOWARDS RESERVOIR B AND P’ IS ABOVE RESERVOIR B.
ALL PIPES.
 2

 hf1 = 12.75 Q1² = X Q1 = 0.28

DETERMINE THE FLOW IN
EACH PIPE SHOWN IN THE
 hf2 = 1549 Q2² = 15-X Q2 = 0.0254
FIGURE. ASSUME f=0.02 FOR  hf3 = 306 Q3² = 40-X Q3 = 0.0572
ALL PIPES.
 hf4 = 19579 Q4² = 60-X Q4 = 0.00715

 @JUNCTION P:
   = Q2+Q3+Q4
 Q1

 Q1-Q2-Q3-Q4 = 0
 0.28 = 0

 SOLVE BY TRIAL AND ERROR:

 X = 3.055m
 2

DETERMINE THE FLOW IN

EACH PIPE SHOWN IN THE
FIGURE. ASSUME f=0.02 FOR
ALL PIPES.  Q1 = 0.28 = 0.4894 m³/s
 Q2 = 0.0254 = 0.0878 m³/s
 Q3 = 0.0572 = 0.3477 m³/s
 Q4 = 0.00715 = 0.0539 m³/s
  

 CHECK:
 0.4894 = 0.0878 + 0.3477 + 0.0539
 0.4894 = 0.04894 (ok)
 2

THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN

IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A  SOLUTION:
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.  USING HAZEN-WILLIAMS FORMULA:
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL  K=
PIPES.

  
 2

THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN

IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A  CORRECTION TO BE APPLIED:
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL
PIPES.

  
 2

THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN

IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.  CORRECTION TO BE APPLIED:
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL
PIPES.

 LOOP I: AB, BG, GH, HA:

  
 LOOP II: BC, CF, FG, GB:

 LOOP III: CD, DE, EF, FC:


THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN
IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.
 CORRECTED FLOW:
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL
PIPES.
2
 QAB = 0.2+0.0119 = 0.2119
 QBG = 0.1 + 0.0119 – 0.014 = 0.0979
 QGH = 0.1 – 0.0119 = 0.0881
 QHA = 0.2 – 0.0119 = 0.1881
 QBC = 0.1 + 0.014 = 0.114
 QCF = 0.05 + 0.014 – 0 = 0.064
 QFG = 0.1 – 0.014 = 0.086
 QCD = 0.05 + 0 = 0.05
 QDE = 0.05 + 0 = 0.05
 QEF = 0.05 + 0 = 0.05
 2

THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN

IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A
 SECOND CYCLE (using the above corrected flow):
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL
PIPES.
 2

THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN

IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL
PIPES.  CORRECTION:
 LOOP I: AB, BG, GH, HA:

    LOOP II: BC, CF, FG, GB:

 LOOP III: CD, DE, EF, FC:


THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN
IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.
 CORRECTED FLOW:
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL
PIPES.
2
 QAB = 0.2119+0.00329 = 0.21519 m³/s
 QBG = 0.0979 + 0.00329 – 0.0038 = 0.09739 m³/s
 QGH = 0.0881 – 0.00329 = 0.08481 m³/s
 QHA = 0.1881 – 0.00329 = 0.18481 m³/s
 QBC = 0.114 + 0.0038 = 0.1178 m³/s
 QCF = 0.064 + 0.0038 – 0.00451 = 0.06329 m³/s
 QFG = 0.086 – 0.0038 = 0.0822 m³/s
 QCD = 0.05 + 0.00451 = 0.05451 m³/s
 QDE = 0.05 + 0.00451 = 0.05451 m³/s
 QEF = 0.05 – 0.00451 = 0.04594 m³/s
 2

THE PIPE NETWORK SHOWN FINAL ANSWER:

IN THE FIGURE REPRESENTS A
SPRAY RINSE SYSTEM. FIND
THE FLOW IN EACH PIPE.
ASSUME C1 = 120 FOR ALL
PIPES.