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(2SG GEN 4) Series Để Chuyên - Reading Comprehension
(2SG GEN 4) Series Để Chuyên - Reading Comprehension
READING COMPREHENSION
PART 1
- Multiple Matching:
+ Là dạng bài đọc trong đó người đọc phải kết hợp thông tin từ một danh
sách các mục với các câu hỏi hoặc phần của văn bản → xác định mối
quan hệ chính xác giữa các thông tin trong danh sách và các thông tin
liên quan trong đoạn văn hoặc bài đọc.
+ Dạng bài này dùng để đánh giá khả năng tìm kiếm, nhận diện, và liên kết
thông tin
+ Dạng bài này thường xuất hiện trong đề thi IELTS và một số đề chuyên,
HSG các tỉnh, thành phố.
+ Ví dụ minh họa (mức độ CAE):
- Yes - No - Not given/ True - False - Not given
+ Là dạng bài đánh giá mức 2 UNDERSTANDING và mức 3 COMPREHENDING của
người đọc
+ Dạng bài này thường xuyên xuất hiện trong đề thi IELTS và đề thi chuyên, HSG
các tỉnh, thành phố.
+ Ví dụ minh họa (đề thi IELTS)
* Mở rộng: PHÂN BIỆT GIỮA YES/NO ANSWERS AND TRUE/FALSE ANSWERS
II. PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI
a. Phương pháp làm các dạng bài Reading Comprehension
- Tuỳ vào từng dạng đề Reading, các bạn nên có các kĩ năng và phương pháp
làm bài tương ứng. Nhìn chung, những bài tập Reading thường yêu cầu học
sinh có vốn kiến thức, từ vựng đa dạng, chuyên sâu cùng khả năng nhận biết,
đọc hiểu và vận dụng thông tin đã đọc vào các tình huống khác nhau.
- Để làm tốt dạng bài này, 2SG đề xuất bạn có thể đọc qua tài liệu “Series đề
chuyên: Lexico” đã được đăng tải trên nhóm học tập để nâng cao từ vựng.
- Kế đó, chúng mình sẽ nêu ra những phương pháp “xử lý” bài đọc phổ biến, linh
hoạt mà các bạn có thể tham khảo:
- Skimming:
● Đọc lướt toàn bộ bài để tìm ý chính.
● Sau đó, đọc và trả lời câu hỏi dựa trên
thông tin đã đọc.
● Cần Skimming KHI: bạn có nhiều tài liệu
Phân biệt giữa Skimming và
cần đọc trong thời gian ngắn, hoặc khi
Scanning
bạn muốn nắm nội dung tổng quát của
một bài thông tin dài.
- Scanning:
● KHÔNG đọc toàn bộ bài, đọc các câu hỏi
trước và tìm từ khoá.
● Quay lại đọc bài, lúc này chỉ tìm thông
tin, từ khoá cần thiết để trả lời câu hỏi.
● Cần Scanning KHI: bạn cần trả lời các
câu hỏi nhất định, bạn muốn tìm những
thông tin cụ thể, rõ ràng.
➔ Nhìn chung, nên kết hợp cả 2 kĩ năng để tối ưu
hoá tốc độ và hiệu quả khi làm bài đọc. Chúng
mình gợi ý bạn có thể Skim qua cả bài thật
nhanh để nắm ý chính, sau đó Scan cụ thể
hơn từng câu hỏi và trả lời.
Câu hỏi tổng quát về nội dung bài, quan Skimming - đọc lướt toàn bộ bài để có
điểm của tác giả…: cái nhìn tổng quát nhất
➔ Ví dụ: “What is the topic of this - Mẹo nhỏ: nếu bài văn có tiêu đề,
passage?”, “What does the passage hãy chọn đáp án có nghĩa gần
mainly discuss?”, nhất với tiêu đề đó.
What is the main idea of the
passage?”
Câu hỏi cụ thể về từng đoạn, từng chi tiết Scanning - tìm từ khoá trong câu hỏi,
nhỏ trong bài… đọc lại bài, xác định từ khoá, ngữ
➔ Ví dụ: “According to paragraph A…”, cảnh và trả lời câu hỏi
“Which of the following is true in
paragraph B…?”, “What is NOT stated
in paragraph C…?”
2. Làm bài tập và ghi chú lại những lỗi sai. Hãy ngẫm nghĩ về những điều ấy như
là tại sao sai nè hay về những kiến thức mới toanh với mình rồi tìm nhiều nguồn
đề trên mạng để luyện tập nhé.
3. Các em có thể tìm kiếm thêm nguồn tài liệu từ nhiều trang khắp nơi trên mạng
nè và giải những đề năm trước mà các em có. Từ đó đúc kết cho bản thân được
nhiều thứ lắm á.
4. Cuối cùng là nếu như có gì thắc mắc hoặc cần sự giải đáp, hãy bình luận bên
dưới bài viết nhé (sẽ có người giải đáp cho các em sớm nhất có thể) và khi có
bất cứ điều gì làm em buồn hay khó nói trong quá trình học, đừng ngần ngại
mà hãy viết “lời thú tội” gửi ban Anh chuyên nhaaaaaa (tự tin lên vì hoàn toàn
ẩn danh và tụi tớ luôn sẵn lòng lắng nghe
III. BÀI TẬP VÍ DỤ
a. Multiple Matching
PASSAGE 1:
Match the headings given in the box below with their appropriate numbers (41 - 45)
that lead the five paragraphs and write the letters A-H in the corresponding
numbered boxes. (The headings outnumber the paragraphs, so you will not use all of them).
1. ______Telephone, television, radio, and the telegraph all help people
communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events
spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the
results of an election in Japan or Argentina. An international soccer match comes
into the home of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an
earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on
the way. 2. ______ How has speed of communication changed the world? To many
people, the world has become smaller. Of course, this does not mean that the world is
physically smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents
took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to
cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for
news from Europe to reach the Americas. This time difference influenced people's
actions. For example, one battle in the war of 1812 between the English and the United
States armies could have been avoided if the warring sides had known that a peace
agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of
peace took six weeks to reach America. During those six weeks, the large and serious
Battle of New Orleans was fought and many lives were lost. 3. ______ An important part
of the history of the world is the history of communication. In prehistoric times,
people had limited knowledge of the world. They had little information about
geography, the study of the Earth. People knew very little beyond their small groups
except what was happening near their homes. Later, people were organized into
villages, and verbal communication between small towns was possible. Still, the
people’s knowledge was limited because they had no outside information. Kingdoms
and small countries then developed, with a king directing the people. Cities
developed, too, but still communication was limited to the small geographical area of
the country. Much later in history, after the invention of the printing press, many
more people learned to read, and communication was improved. 4. ______ In this
modern age, communication is so fast that it is almost instant. People's lives have
been changed because of the immediate spread of news. Sometimes the speed is so
great that it does not allow people time to think. For example, leaders of countries
have only minutes, or, at most, hours to consider all the parts of a problem. They are
expected to answer immediately. Once they had days and weeks to think before
making decisions. 5. ______ The speed of communication demands a new responsibility
from all people of the world. People in different countries must try harder to
understand each other. An example is that people with different religions must try to
understand each other's beliefs and values, even if they do not accept them.
Sometimes their cultures are quite different.What one group considers a normal part
of life is strange to another culture. In some cases, a normal part of one culture
might be bad or impolite to people of another culture. That kind of difference is a
possible basis for misunderstanding. People must learn not to judge others, but to
accept them as they are. As the 6 world grows smaller, people must learn to talk to
each other more effectively as well as communicate more rapidly.
PASSAGE 2:
Read the passage and answer the questions 1-10 by referring to the article. Choose
from the list of towns (A-E) for each question.
High on granite cliffs towering above the restless Atlantic, walkers on Britain's
longest national trail, the spectacular 630-mile South West Coast Path, are left in no
doubt of the sea's role in shaping this area's landscape and heritage. England's far
south-western counties of Cornwall and Devon boast a seafaring tradition of
adventurers, explorers, pirates and emigrants, reinforced by the salty flavour of
novels by Daphne du Maurier and Rosamunde Pilcher.
Add to this the fine cuisine, stylish hotels, National Parks and one of Europe's
favorite surfing resorts, picturesque harbours and gardens warmed by Gulf Stream
currents - and you have the recipe for a perfect all-year holiday destination.
The 08:35 train from London's Paddington station to Plymouth, Devon bears a
ship's name - "The Mayflower". This was the vessel which carried a band of determined
religious reformers, the Pilgrim Fathers, on their momentous journey to a new life in
North America, in 1620. After 66 days at sea they eventually settled in New Plymouth
and laid the foundation of the New England states.
The story is brought to life in the naval port and city of Plymouth's Mayflower
exhibition, situated on The Barbican, opposite the historic harbour steps from which
they set off nearly four centuries ago. It also tells how thousands of emigrants to the
USA and other countries (mainly Australia and New Zealand, with Canada becoming
popular later) started their journey here.
The city is full of seaside atmosphere, particularly around the old harbour with
its fish market and customs house and the waterfront park, the Hoe. Here
Elizabethan seafarer Sir Francis Drake is said to have finished a game of bowls before
sailing off to confront the approaching Spanish Armada.
Also here is the National Marine Aquarium which, among its many fishy
delights, boasts the world's largest collection of sea-horses. Britain's biggest
aquarium, its attractions include a coral reef teeming with brightly-coloured fish and
the deepest tank in Europe - three storeys high - containing a wide variety of sharks
which you can view close-up (if you dare) from inside a walk-through transparent
tunnel.
To see marine life of a warm-blooded variety, head east to the popular seaside
resort of Torquay. Coastal creatures from puffins and penguins to fur seals are all at
home in an environment of reconstructed beaches, cliff-faces and an estuary. Living
Coasts, Paignton Zoo's marine aviary, opened in July 2004 to rave reviews. The birds
fly freely over your head and acrylic tunnels also allow unobstructed underwater
views.
Going west from Plymouth you cross the wide River Tamar on one of two high
bridges, road and rail, leave Devon and enter Cornwall. There are views of battleships
at anchor and the sparkling ocean beyond.
The UK has more coastline than any other country in Europe, with no-one living
more than 75 miles from the sea. But it is only in Cornwall that you feel the sea is
ever-present: a leg of land jutting precariously into the Atlantic, its two coasts only
four miles apart at the narrowest point.
Cornwall was the obvious choice as location for a new National Maritime
Museum, which opened in late 2002. The stylish, modern building, clad in English oak,
rises beside the water in the harbour-town of Falmouth, on the edge of the world's
third largest natural harbour (Rio and Sydney take the top slots).
Falmouth was an almost sleepy place, despite once being the British Empire's
second busiest port. Its main occupations after tourism are luxury yacht-building,
ship repair and oyster fishing (oyster sail-boats can still be seen working the River
Fal). But the museum has brought new life and "buzz' to the town.
The galleries include historic small vessels from the national collection. They
range from 70ft. rowing boat used by Eton schoolboys in the late 1800s, through
Olympic medal-winning boats, canoes, yachts, power-boats and working craft to the
ketch used by Sir Robin Knox-Johnston to make the first solo, non-stop global
circumnavigation. You can compare Queen Elizabeth II's little yacht Bluebottle to the
latest state-of-the-art, carbon-fiber racing dinghy.
Find out more about Cornwall's nautical traditions in various exhibits. How
seven generations of the same family made a living from the sea; and how the 40 mail
ships of Falmouth Packet Service made the town a world communication hub, from
1688 until the electric telegraph took over.
Then descend to the Tidal Zone, where windows thicker than a man's fist, and
five metres high, look directly out under the waters of Falmouth Harbour. See fish and
other marine creatures - sometimes cormorants diving for their dinner - it's like an
aquarium in reverse. Climb the museum's 30-metre tall tower for an aerial view of the
harbor. A café offers refreshment and more spectacular views.
No visit to Cornwall should exclude the artists' town of St. Ives, its Tate Gallery
sitting right on the beach; Newquay, a young surfers' paradise with a nightlife to
match; or the Eden Project near St. Austell. This is a garden with a difference,
reminiscent of something out of science-fiction, its spherical hot-houses or "biomes'
containing waterfalls, beech houses and tropical flora from distant parts of the world
- all in a former quarry.
Something with a definite maritime flavour is the region's food. It is now as easy
to find freshly-caught sea bass or native oysters as everyone's favourite:
fish-and-chips. Rick Stein's Seafood Restaurant in Padstow is one of the best of its
kind and the celebrity chef has now complemented it with his own fish-and-chip shop.
All fish is locally sourced -- monkfish, Dover sole and gurnard are available as well as
cod, haddock and plaice - customers choose their fish and wait earnestly while it is
cooked.
As for places to stay, these range from friendly farmhouses and family-run bed
and breakfasts to luxurious hotels such as Bovey Castle. This Edwardian mansion in
the fine scenery of Dartmoor National Park has been transformed into the "ultimate
luxury destination" by entrepreneur Peter de Savary and opened earlier in 2004. With
a 1920's Palm Court dining room, a piano-bar serving 142 different cocktails,
individually designed bedrooms and suites, a spa and championship golf course, this
is a place for people who expect the very best.
b. MCQ Reading
1) What problem regarding colour does the writer explain in the first paragraph?
2) What is the first reason the writer gives for the lack of academic work on the history
of colour?
a. There are problems of reliability associated with the artefacts available.
c. Colour has been rather looked down upon as a fit subject for academic study.
3) The writer suggests that the priority when conducting historical research on colour
is to
4) In the fourth paragraph, the writer says that the historian writing about colour
should be careful
5) In the fifth paragraph, the writer says there needs to be further research done on
6) An idea recurring in the text is that people who have studied colour have
PASSAGE 1:
The Greenland ice cap is losing an average of 30m tonnes of ice an hour due to
the climate crisis, a study has revealed, which is 20% more than was previously
thought.
1.__________
Major ice loss from Greenland as a result of global heating has been recorded
for decades. The techniques employed to date, such as measuring the height of the
ice sheet or its weight via gravity data, are good at determining the losses that end
up in the ocean and drive up sea level.
2.__________
MISSING PARAGRAPHS:
A. The Amoc was already known to be at its weakest in 1,600 years and in 2021
researchers spotted warning signs of a tipping point. A recent study suggested
the collapse could happen as soon as 2025 in the worst-case scenario. A
significant part of the Greenland ice sheet itself is also thought by scientists to
be close to a tipping point of irreversible melting, with ice equivalent to 1-2
metres of sea level rise probably already expected.
B. However, they cannot account for the retreat of glaciers that already lie mostly
below sea level in the narrow fjords around the island. In the study, satellite
photos were analysed by scientists to determine the end position of Greenland’s
many glaciers every month from 1985 to 2022. This showed large and widespread
shortening and in total amounted to a trillion tonnes of lost ice.
D. Some scientists are concerned that this additional source of freshwater pouring
into the north Atlantic might mean a collapse of the ocean currents called the
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (Amoc) is closer to being triggered,
with severe consequences for humanity.
E. The most recent update from a project that collates all the other measurements
of Greenland’s ice found that 221bn tonnes of ice had been lost every year since
2003. The new study adds another 43bn tonnes a year, making the total loss
about 30m tonnes an hour on average.
F. The discovery of the extra ice loss is also important for calculating the Earth’s
energy imbalance, i.e. how much extra solar heat the Earth is trapping due to
human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, said Greene. “It takes a lot of energy
to melt 1tn tonnes of ice. So if we want very precise energy balanced models for
the Earth, this has to be accounted for.”
G. Prof Tim Lenton, at the University of Exeter, UK, and not part of the study, said:
“This additional freshwater input to the north Atlantic is a concern, particularly
for the formation of deep water in the Labrador and Irminger Seas within the
subpolar gyre, as other evidence suggests these are the regions most prone to
being tipped into an ‘off’, or collapsed state.”
PASSAGE 2:
THE TRAFALGAR SQUARE CHRISTMAS TREE
High in a tree, veiled in a freezing mist, a woodsman inspects a colossal spruce
in the name of Anglo-Norwegian relations. Deep in the depths of Oslomarka, which is
a network of coniferous forests on the edge of Oslo, every year since 1947, a tree has
been felled to be shipped to London and presented as the Trafalgar Square
Christmas tree.
1.__________
Oslo is surrounded by natural beauty; edged with woodland and a fjord, it is
often described as ‘the blue, the green and the city in between.’ It feels truly wild,
populated with moose, lynx, roe deer and even the odd wolf. ‘Two wolves live out here
now,’ says Oslo mayor, Marianne Borgen. ‘They are not hunted, they are welcome.’
2.__________
Or try out a range of other winter activities, like hiking the many trails, mountain
biking, ice skating, fishing, picnicking and, of course, skiing and tobogganing the
timeworn runs. If you don’t want to head straight back to Oslo, you can stay in
municipal sports cabins, very reasonably priced, and scattered throughout the woods
from where the British tree will come.
3.__________
For Christiansen’s foresters, the challenge is to manage this terrain in a way
that pleases the public. Visitors want a scar-free and diverse landscape, with trees of
all ages and all sizes at the same spot, rather than the uniform vistas created by
commercial forests.
4.__________
The following morning, the sky is cobalt blue and the air is sharp. The
Holmenkollen ski jump looms dramatically behind the hotel, with its launch platform
200ft above the ground and delivers a knee-trembling panorama, from the crystal
waters of the fjord to the rolling green woodland.
5.__________
Leaving Holmenkollen on a two-mile ramble takes you to Frognerseteren, which
was once a mountain dairy farm and is now a popular restaurant. This is where the
forest really takes over. Decent walking boots and thick socks are essential. The few
hikers I encounter are sporting some serious kit, and the silence is deafening, except
for the occasional tinkle of nearby streams.
6.__________
There is constant pressure from property developers to impinge on these woods
but Mayor Borgen is determined it won’t happen. The people don’t want them to build
– they like things just as they are, and want them to stay like that, and she feels the
same way.
MISSING PARAGRAPHS
A. From the city the T-bane train goes north. It’s like getting from the Strand to the
Cairngorms in 10 tube stops, and in no time you arrive at the Holmenkollen Park
Hotel, which is north-west of Oslo and the unofficial gatehouse to the forest.
B. Locals love the proximity of the countryside. "In the winter, you can take your
skis, get on the tram and be on the slopes in 20 minutes, and be back easily for
city life in the evening,"says Borgen, as we warm ourselves with cups of
Norwegian coffee. ‘You can walk around for hours without meeting anyone.’
C. Oslo is the economic and governmental center of Norway. The city is also a hub
of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important center
for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many
companies within the maritime sector.
D. There it will stand, decorated in traditional Norwegian style, until 6 January. The
‘Queen of the Forest’ (as locals call it) is given in gratitude for Britain’s
assistance during the second world war. This year’s chosen one is 27 meters tall,
weighs some 4 tonnes and is 95 years old.
E. Beneath the jump is the Ski Museum, which provides a good introduction to
Norway’s national sport. There are skis made in 600 AD, examples of trugers
(snow shoes for ponies) that look like giant bagels, and a wind-force machine
which can simulate the effect of a downhill slalom.
F. Head forester Jon Christiansen and his team scour the area, talent-spotting
trees for London, and the chosen few are then groomed like X Factor hopefuls,
to encourage a strong and symmetrical growth. They then mark them and tend
to them through the years by clearing the space around, so they get light from
all angles.
G. Then a 20-minute trip back into the city, brings familiar sounds of people and
cars. The National Gallery holds familiar compositions of mossy boulders and
sopping wet firs in the pen and watercolor works of 19th-century romantics
Johan Christian Dahl and August Cappelen.
ANSWERS KEYS
a. Multiple Matching
Passage 1:
1. B 2. G 3. E 4. F 5. H
Passage 2:
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. A
6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C
b. MCQ Reading
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C
c. Gapped - text Reading
Passage 1:
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. E 5. G 6. C
Passage 2:
1. D 2. B 3. F 4. A 5. E 6. G
TỔNG KẾT