Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

Region IV-A CALABARZON
Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Lipa
College of Teacher Education
Marawoy, Lipa City

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics

I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES

 Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of algebraic
expression and synthetic division.

 Performance Standards
The learner is able to formulate real life problems involving algebraic
expression and synthetic division and solve these problems accurately using
a variety of strategies.

 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
1. identify the divisor, dividend, quotient and remainder of the given
problem
2. use synthetic division to find an equivalent expression in a real-
world problem involving the quotient of polynomials.
3. demonstrate a clear understanding of the underlying principles of
long division and synthetic division.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Division and Synthetic Division
B. References: Algebra p. 44-52
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-cbse-maths-class-8/section/12.4/
primary/lesson/division-of-algebraic-expressions/
https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/synthetic-division-of-polynomial/

C. Materials: white board Marker, Whiteboard, LED Television, Laptop, Power

Point Presentation
III. LESSON PROPER

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities

1. Prayer
Class, before we start this day let us
seek the guidance of our Almighty
Father through a prayer.

Almighty God,

We pray to You
To have our joys added
Sorrows subtracted
Friends multiplied
Love divided
And problems be solved

Amen.

2. Greetings
Good morning class!
Good morning, Ma’am!
I am Jhoan Velarde and I will be your
demonstrator for today!

How is everyone?
We are fine, Ma’am.
Before we start with our lesson for
today, let me remind you of our
classroom rules.

FOCUS!

Kindly read everyone! F-Fix yourselves and remove

unnecessary things
that may distract you.
O-Only one person speaks at a time
during class discussion.
C-cooperate and participate in the
discussion, do not
hesitate if you want to ask
questions.
U-Unleash the better version of
yourself by doing
your best in every activity.
S-Stay Focus, MATHivated and
Enthusiast.
Is that clear class?
 Yes, Ma’am.
3. Checking of Attendance
For our attendance, Ms. Secretary do
we have absentees today?
I’m glad to report that everybody is
present today, Ma’am.
Thank you so much, Ms. secretary.
Very good, class!

Are you excited?

Yes Ma’am!
B. Developmental Activities

1. Motivation
So, before we start our discussion. I
want you to help me to help Ronald
Mcdonald to find his friends.
Do you know who are the friends that
Ronald Mcdonald looking for?
(Answer may vary)
Okay so let me introduce you the
friends of Ronald Mcdonald. Grimace,
Birdie the early bird and Hamburglar.

To find Ronald Mcdonald friends we

need to do the 3 task, in each task
there is a hint where Ronald
Mcdonald’s friend can be found.

Are you ready to do the 3 task?

Yes ma’am.
The first task that we are going to do is
entitled
“MEMORY YARN”
Kindly read the mechanics (all
together)
 MECHANICS:
 The class will be
grouped into 2 groups
 You have 10 seconds
to memorize the given
word or example (vice
versa) and 5 minutes
to answer. You need
to answer my
questions first.
 Each group need to
choose 2 pictures of
grimace that
connected to each
other.

Reminder: Before you can choose the

picture, you have to answer the
question that is given by the teacher.

Is the mechanics clear? Yes ma’am.

Okay let’s start!

( The student perform the task)

Based on what you have done, what

words did you come up? We came up with the word’s
synthetic, division, multiplication,
long division, addition and
subtraction.

Very good! Make sure to remember it

because it is part of our lesson.
 Yes ma’am.
Since we are done with the first task
let’s check the hint of where we can
find Ronald Mcdonald’s friend.

It says here, go to the third row of the

seat on the left side and you will find
me.
(The students in the third row will
check and will find Grimace)
2. Activity
Before we proceed to our discussion
lets have the second task entitled
“POP THE MCBALLOON”
With this activity, we have three
category ; sing, dance and pop it.
Kindly read the mechanics.
MECHANICS:
 With the same group, each
member will have a
designated number.
 The teacher will call a
number and if the teacher
said dance, the student who
have the number will going to
dance.
 If the teacher said the pop it,
the student who’s number
been called will need to pop
it and will answer the
question that are inside the
balloon.
 Whoever answer the
questions first will be the
Is the mechanics clear? winner.

If the teacher call number 2 shake it Yes ma’am.

off, the student who have the number 2
will have to shake it off the balloon
together with their body. For the pop it
category there are question inside the
balloon and after you pop it you need
to answer it.
Let’s start the game!
 (We have the winner) ( The student play the game)

Since, we are done with the second

task, let us check the hint on where to
find Ronald Mcdonald’s friends.

It says here, go check me in the first

row of the right side.

( The students in the first row in the

right side will check and they will
find birdie the early bird)
3. Analysis
a. How did you find the activity?
(Answer may vary)
b. What words have you encounter on
the first activity?
The words we encounter are
synthetic, division, multiplication,
long division, addition and
subtraction.
c. What do you think our topic for
today?
Division and synthetic division.
Very good, class!

We will discuss the division on

algebraic expression and synthetic
division.

Division

Division – in as much as division is the

inverse of multiplication, the manner of
division is based on the distributive
property of multiplication over addition.
To divide a polynomial by a monomial
we apply the distributive law in the
reverse manner and then we write the
algebraic sum of the quotient.

Generally, the result of division is

written in the following manner:
 Dividend remainder
= ∂ Equation+
Divisor divisor
Or
Dividend=(Divisor )(∂Quotient )+ Remainder

We say that the dividend is divisible by

the divisor whenever the remainder is
zero. Now, let us consider the following
law of exponents:

{
m−n
a ,if m> n[ Division of powers having¿ the same base ]
m
a 1 , if m=n
n
a 1
n−m
, if m<n
a

Let’s have an example:

5
g 5−2 3
1. 2
=g =g
g

Why do you think we get the g3 if the We use the law of exponents
divisor is g2? The exponent in the dividend is
greater than the exponent of divisor

Very good.

Let’s have another example.

3
2
2. 3
=1
2
3
7 1
3. 8 = 5
7 7
Yes ma’am.

Do you understand class?

Excellent!

Now we are ready to apply this law

and the distributive property to
division of polynomial by a monomial.

Example 1:Divide
( 8 x 3−4 x 2+ 6 x ) by (2 x )
Solution: Rewriting and applying the
distributive property and the law of
exponents, we get
3 2 3 2
8 x −4 x +6 x 8 4x 6x
= - +
2x 2x 2x 2x

= 4x2 – 2x + 3
The same example:
3 2
8 x −4 x +6 x
= 4x2 – 2x +3
2x
Yes ma’am.
3 2
Where 8x – 4x + 6x is the dividend,
2x, the divisor, and 4x2 – 2x + 3, the
Quotient.

Do you understand class?

Okay, so let’s have another example Yes ma’am.

but you will be the one who will
answer it.

Is that clear?

Example 2: Divide
( 25 m n3−15 m2 n2+ 10 m3 n ) by ( 5 mn ) Answer:
3 2 2 3
25 mn −15 m n +10 m n
Example 3: Divide 2.
5 mn
( 35 x 2 y +12 x y 3 + 4 xy ) by (2 xy )
3 2 2 3
25 mn 15 m n 10 m n
= - +
5 mn 5 mn 5 mn

= 5 n2−3 mn+2 m2
2 3
35 x y +12 x y + 4 xy
3.
2 xy
2 3
35 x y 12 x y 4 xy
= + +
2 xy 2 xy 2 xy

35 x 2
= +6 y +2
2

Very good!

It seems that you understand the

division of polynomial by a monomial.
 Let’s proceed with the Long Division.

Kindly read the procedure of long

division.
Let us follow the given steps below.

1) Arrange the terms in the dividend

P(x) and divisor D(x) in the order of
descending powers of a letter that
appears in each.

2) Divide the first term in the

dividend by the first term in the
divisor to get the first term in the
first partial quotient.

3) Multiply the divisor by the first

term in the partial quotient and
subtract the product from the
dividend.

4) Treat the remainder R obtained

in (3) as a new dividend and repeat
steps (2) and (3).

5) Continue this process until a

remainder R that is degree lower
than the divisor in the letter chosen
in (1) as the basis for arrangement
is obtained. Denote the partial
quotient by Q(x) and the remainder
by R(x). the final answer can be
written in the form

P( X) R(x)
= Q(x) + or
D( X ) D( x )

P(x) = Q(x) D(x) + R(x)

Okay, so for us to be fully understand

the long division, let’s have an
example.

Example 1:
( 6 X 2−12 X−15 ) by (2 x−3)

Solution:
3
3x −¿ Partial Quotient
2
 2 x−3 √ 6 x 2−12 x−15 Dividend
- 6 x 2−¿9x From (2x -3) 3x
-3x – 15 partial product
−9
- - 3x + from (2x -3)
2

( )
−3
2
Partial product
−39
2

Thus, 6x2 – 12x – 15, divided by (2 x−3)

(3 x− 32 ) ( 2 x −3) +−392
Note that the same procedure is Yes ma’am.
followed when the variable of x is
replaced other variables.

Do you understand class?

Let’s have another example and you

will be the one to answer it.

Example 2: Divide

( 2 p3−7 p2 +9 ) by (2 p2− p−3)

Example 3: Divide

( 2 x 2+5 x−8 ) by (x+ 2) Answer

2. p-3
2 p − p−3 √ 2 p −7 p +0 p+9
2 3 2

- 2 p 3− p2−3 p
- 6 p2 + 3p + 9
- - 6p2 +3p + 9
0
3 2
2 p −7 p + 9
Therefore, 2 =p–3
2 p − p−3

Or 2 p 3−7 p2 +9=( p−3 ) ( 2 p2− p−3)

3. 2x + 1
x +2 √ 2 x +5 x−8
2

− 2 x 2+ 4 x
x−8
 - x +2
-10

Therefore,
2
2 x +5 x−8=( 2 x+1 )( x +2 ) +10

Excellent!

Let’s proceed with synthetic division

Kindly read. Synthetic Division

To simplify division of an n- degree
polynomial P(x) by a first degree
binomial D(x) of the form x – r, we
use the division algorithm known as
synthetic division. To find the
quotient Q(x) and the remainder
R(x) by synthetic division, we have
following steps:

1. Arrange the coefficients of the

same terms of P(x) in the order of
descending powers of x, supplying
zero as the coefficient pf each
missing power.

2. Replace the divisor x – r by r.

3. Bring down the coefficient of the

largest power of x and multiply it by
r. Place the product below the
coefficient of the second largest
power of x and add the product to
the coefficient of the next largest
power of x . Continue this procedure
until there is a product added to the
constant term.

4. The last number in the third row

is the remainder and the other
numbers, reading from left to right,
are the coefficients of the terms of
the quotient Q(x) which is of degree
one less than P(x).
 Thank you.
Let’s have an example of synthetic
divison.

Example 1: Use synthetic division to find

the quotient and remainder of
( 2 x 4 +5 x 3+7 x 2−4 x +6 ) ÷(x +3)

Solution: Write the coefficients of the

terms of the dividend. Since x + 3 can
be written as x – 3, we see that, r = -3
Hence, we have the following:

Therefore, Q(x) =
2 x −x 2+10 x−34∧R ( x )=108
3

Do you understand the synthetic

Division, class?
Yes ma’am.

Okay, let’s proceed with the next

example.

Example 2: Divide (x ¿¿ 4−16)by (x−2)¿

Example 3: Use synthetic division to find

the quotient and remainder with
( 2 x 3+ 12 x 2−4 x+ 4 ) is divided by ( x +4 )
Answers
2. 1 0 0 0 -16 2
2 4 8 16
 1 2 4 8 0

( x 4−16 ) 3 2
Hence, =x + 2 x +4 x +8
x−2

3. 2 12 -4 4 -4
-8 -16 80
2 4 -20 84

Therefore, Q(x) = 2 x 2+ 4 x−20

R(x) = 84

Very good!

4. Abstraction
Let us see if you fully understand the
lesson.

What is the last operation on algebraic

expression?
The last operation on algebraic
expression is division.
Very good.
Next, why do we use Synthetic
Division?
To simplify division of an n- degree
polynomial P(x) by a first degree
binomial D(x) of the form x – r.

Excellent!

It seems that you’ve fully understood

our topic, let us proceed with our
activity to test your knowledge and
understanding.

5. Application
Here is your activity: Divide the
following using the long division.
(Group Activity)

1) ( x 3 +6 x 2+10 x +3) by ( x+3)

2) (2 x 3+ x 2 – 20 x +3)by (x – 3)
3) (x 3 +4 x 2 +13 x+ 52)by (x−4)
4) (6 x 2 – 2 x – 28)by (x +5)
5) (x 3 +4 x 2 +7 x +6)by (x+ 2)

You only have 5 minutes to answer the

activity.

Do I make myself clear?

Yes ma’am.

Your timer starts now!

( The students start answering the
activity)

Okay, time’s up.

Let’s check your answers.

Item Answers
x2 + 3x + 1
1. x +3 √ x 3 +6 x 2 +10 x +3
- x3 + 3x2
0 + 3x2 + 10x
- 32 - 9x
0 +x+3
- X-3
0+0

2x2 + 7x + 1
2. x−3 √ 2 x 3 + x 2−20 x +3
- 2x3 - 6x2
0 + 7x2 - 20x
- 7x2 + 21x
0 + x +3
- x +3
0 +6
 x2 + 8x + 45
3. x−4 √ x3 + 4 x 2+ 13 x +52
- x3 - 4x2
0 + 8x2 + 13x
- 8x2 + 32x
0 + 45x + 52
- 45x +180
0 + 232

6x - 32
4. x +5 √6 x −2 x−28
2

- 6x2 - 30x
0 - 32x - 28
- 32x + 160
0 + 132

x2 + 2x + 3
5. x +2 √ x 3 +4 x2 +7 x +6
- x3 + 2x2
0 + 2x2 + 7x
- 2x2 + 4x
0 + 3x + 6
- 3x - 6
0
 Okay, so we are done with the three
activity let’s check for the last hint.

It says here, go to the front and you

will find me.
(The student will go the front row
and they will see Hamburglar)

We find the friends of Ronald

Mcdonald and he want to say thank
you for helping him.

1. Values Integration
Now in our last journey, let’s have a
values integration. Before we have
your quiz, take a look what’s written on
the picture.

What can you say about this quote?

How can you relate it to our topic and a
real-life situation?

Anyone from the class?

(Answer may vary)
Thank you, _____.

In life there is no such a shortcut to get

the success that we wanted. Just like
in our topic for today there is no
 possibility that the shortcut you use to
answer an equation or given is correct.
You take it step by step to get the
answer to that question. Just like in life
you need to take a step by step even it
takes a long time but we know that we
take our success step by step we know
that we can claim it.

2. Evaluation
Directions: Perform the indicated operation.
1) 27a2b3
18a4b5

2) 15w9 – 40w6 – 25w3

5w3

3) 15x5y3
3x3y8

4) -4a4bc
10a3c

5) 16x3 – 32x2
8x

Answers
1) 3
2a2b2

2) 3w6 – 8w3 – 5

3) 5x2
Y5

4) -2ab
5

5) 2x2 – 4x

IV. ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Perform the indicated operation.
 A. Divide the polynomials
1) -36a5 – 30a3 + 2a
-3a
2) 14x – 3x3 + 77x
6

7x2
3) -10a8 + 8a3 – 11ab – 2b
-10a3
B. Divide the following given using long division
4) (x2 + 3x – 18) by ( x – 3)
5) ( 8x3 +12x2 – 2x + 1) by (2x + 2)

C. Divide the following given using synthetic division

6) (8x3 + 12x2 – 3x + 1) by ( 2x + 4)
7) (9x2 – 4x + 3) by ( x – 2)

Answer Key:

a.
1) -36a5 - 30a3 + 2a
-3a -3a -3a

-12a4 + 10a2 – 2
3

2) 14x6 - 3x3 + 77x

7x2 7x2 7x2

2x4 – 3x + 11
7 x

3) -10a8 + 8a3 - 11ab - 2b

-10a3 -10a3 -10a3 -10a3

a5 – 2 + 11b + b
5 10a2 10a3

b.
4) x−3 √ x 2+3 x−18

X +6
x−3 √ x +3 x−18
2

- X2 + 3x
6x – 18
- 6x + 18
0
X + 3x – 18 = x + 6
2

X–3

5) 2 x+ 2 √ 8 x 3+ 12 x 2−2 x+ 1
 4x 2 + 2x – 3
2 x+ 2 √ 8 x 3+ 12 x 2−2 x+ 1
(-) 8x3 - 8x2
0 4x 2 - 2x
(-) 4x 2 – 4x
0 -6x + 1
(-) 6x + 6
7
8x3 + 12x2 – 2x + 1 = (2x + 2) ( 4x2 + 2x – 3) + 7

c.
6) 8x3 + 12x2 – 3x + 1 ÷ 2x + 4 = 4x3 + 6x2 – 3x + 1 ÷x + 2
2 2 2 2

4 6 -3 1 -2
2 2
-8 4 -5
4 -2 5 -9
2 2

Therefore, Q(x) = 4x2 – 2x + 5

2
R(x) = -9 (2) or -9
2

7) ( 9x2 – 4x + 3) by ( x – 2)

9 -4 3 2
18 28
9 14 31

Therefore, Q(x) = 9x + 14
R(x) = 31

Prepared by:

JHOAN VELARDE
Student Teacher

Checked by:

MYLA D. ORDONA
Cooperating Teacher