Energy and

Momentum 2

Live Class
Shyam Mohan Bhaiya
Founder, VMC
Please take a pen and
notebook and sit on a table
chair. Thanks.
Dear Students .

don't
We covered
many
new ideas
today .
So

worry if you find them difficult . Just devote

Iot of time
patiently .
and
thoroughly .

As you get more familiar by repeatedly

going through them ,
you will feel better .

solve
Try to everything paper after
revising
on
.

Video will be uploaded on LMS

Mail me your feedback and doubts at
shyammohan@vidyamandir.com
 -

F- = ma

Sf Fisbrariable then ace .

will also be
variable .
we can't use v
-

-
ut at
✓=uI2aS .
.
. .

then we use conservation of Energy .

m÷↳Eg÷g
smooth
y N is
changing in direction
.

IN
.

" '
also
St is
changing in
magnitude
I'
FN f
- .

? Ns
I is a variable force .

EE Toni:3ki
'
'
.

is .
 °
⇐⇐
f-
string
conservation
of Energy

tmgj.fm -
.
-
3¥
t
L y
n
N is variable
is

.
applied
here in both .

T is variable
mg team
mg R
a-
dough 'm

Erman
block
Force
by spring on

As mores kN
n
changes
m =
.
, .

Hence force =kn

Changes .
So F is variable .
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) Review
Whenever work is done on a
system by an ext .

force and it is stored in a form which an be

recovered back then this f. dm is called PE .

f%§0q
't '
Fai YE
m

are =
mglgaingiht )
.

⑤ f vertical component

of displacement .

H m comes down
④ Loss in GPE =
mg ( loss in ht ) .

÷
Circular Motion Review

÷¥i÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷⇐
Uniform tim
1 JI = constant
.

Yg
J is variable .

I
v
a- I = const .
=
Non Uniform Circular Motion I

taa
-
.

fat = variable =vYr '

air
. . . . - - .

If I feed -_
variable tangential radial axis
axis .

Atonal : Net force towards Centre

C : centripetal
radial r: E =
Fr =m% .

q=% .

AIongtangeutr.at axis :
Ft -
-

mat
tangential da Cspeed )
'

at ace
at
-
: n .
.
 h

Motion in a Vertical Circle

attached to
string
m a
whose other end is fixed .

Analysis is based on following facts

Top .

t¥¥
1. Speed is variable so it is an example of Non
Uniform Circular Motion. As the particle
[ 93
goes up, GPE increases and KE decreases. So
speed is minimum at top and maximum at bottom.
.

THEE
2. At greater speeds, more centripetal force is
required so Tension in string is also minimum at the
Top and maximum at bottom.
↳
3. All problems are based on two equations:
^

a). Conservation of Energy which involves loss or

Om
bottom
fo ,
!
:

gain in KE and GPE. my

T mg
-
cos o=mI i

b). Net force towards centre = mv 2

&
r
-
 TOP
AIA ( bottommost E
'
THEN
ltfmg
v
I -

mg
--
MI t
e .
• D

.¥÷:¥÷¥÷:*:* .

Tbµ⑥B
'm value
Asxpeed is
having Max
e
here
fatted ) O
-

Tattling
=O
At
.

Atoms.tl
.
. . .

V
a. = b

Radidaxi ? Itmg=mv± Bottom

-

e
 Times'tmg
'

Tt
Mft
-
&
mg
-

-
.

much less
It is than
Tb .

Bottom b- TOP v -go

TI
'
- t i
top
Loss in KE = Grain in IGPE .

'

Emb -

EmE=mg2e tie

T=omg.hn?;k:?i
viii. age .

e
:
INTs
. .

'

a- Vb
bottom
A .
( at-FI-mgfhogs.no/ .

atI÷: .÷
"

string makes 0 with vertical .

92
. -

a
2
]
- -
-
- - -
n

E- moi
¥tg
.

Apply E-
mtg .

ease
. . .
? e

:
string makes d with vertical .

I
Ye
¥0
Apply E=mVI
Bottmtoltocah.my :
Tztmgcosd-mqboltomT.mg
Loss in KE in APE
=
gain
mgcetea
'

Imrie
'
zmvb -

=
For

atwea.IT?:obe:::go:inanEereEQ
At horizontal diameter , 0=900

m
at=gsin9i

oariYEEE are

t-zmvj-tzmy2-mgce.ec
 Minimum speed at the topmost and
bottommost position

:
¥ :÷::÷
To maintain circular path ,

string must be
tight hence

tension must be all locations

non
negative at
-

meeting
y3fegm%
Tt -

70 I > Fg
'

Using y -

vi. age
 Vertical Circle on inside of a circular track Smooth track
Normal reaction acts towards centre
*

Jdm
.

and replaces Tension 's

⇐?

?F€Lg
.

track radius
r= .

Nt
"
F- is
* saw
.

yf_vE=4gr +
b
④ m
Ab

ifeng.to#ara.Lmg.mo
"
Example 1

Vt 7-
Fg and
Vb >
stay use it .

n
.

.ir#yToAAtoeAIjBsinape--gainin7
.
. . .
. -

mgh-tzmvj-o.no Ys

mghmii Im Srg f-
Ez
 Oscillations along a semicircular arc
Find Vb So that m oscillates stops O
.

stops .

along Cao

.mn#IH..Be
semicircle
*
- - - -
- - - -
- - -

he •

a:÷i:S:.name:c: :b .
¥#B ( bottom -6 horizon) ④%→• slows

$tmgvb
.

down
.

Loss in KE = Gain in APE

Imho mgl=
y=r
Athlon :
Ty mg=myye←tEeter
µ b.utve-o.TL#oi.zontal
-

Te -_mk4e
I -_

3mg .

.
✓Smp
straight but has
.

horizontal diameter is
1) At , string
no
tightness .
Tension = o for an instant mtg .

At horizontal diameter
FP g
at
=
.

2) Sf Vb is given less than

Ege then m will
before horizontal diameter
stop teaching .

It will oscillate along an arc smaller

than a semicircle .
 Oscillations along an arc smaller than semicircle
A-
particle connected to a string of length l .

It stops on
reaching
location B ?
÷

where Om if It
string makes with vertical .
.

A to B e :
ma
§extBstops
'

Loss
'

'

.
.
⑦
in K Gain in GPE
i hgere
- .
-
-

'

{ my -

O
mga easoma )
= -

.
.

n¥→v5Ege .

vf=2glG cos Omax)

:*
Omm

.÷÷:÷¥÷÷÷.÷:÷
-

a
 Text
This is min .
tension in

beat bottom
string .

off;
Tmax will .

Atty at =
gsinlmax .
 Example 2
A point mass m is fixed to one end of a string of length Lwhose other end is
attached to a rigid support. The particle is given speedrgL from lowermost position.

a) Find maximum angle made by string with vertical. a) 600

b) find max and min tensions in the string.
c) At what height from bottom will the tension be mg ? b) Tmax= 2mg
Thin MI

EEi¥o
'
-

.÷¥o
".
.

÷
,
2

!÷÷÷÷
•
→
'

r
ge
↳
's
.

Perv
At bottom Tmaxihappens
At # xt

Tang
.

T is min
.

happens somewhere at P .

I boltomtop cons
find r and
.

O .
µ
of Energy Adt E=m%
:
 SOLUTION TO Ex -

Z
-

a) toss in KE in APE
gain
↳ Be
=

"
"
-

"
'
stops
2- O
" "

Im =
mgk Landman)
-

,
here .

to Omanfoo
.

Solve get

b) T decreases as m
goes up
¥B
Tania
.

T minimum at
is
highest
mj
?
Position which is at extreme ? ?
0

here at B .

E=m% myth ✓
Tmin mgasomax Moye ( Felps ask
-

- -

Turin =
mgcosllmax =
Img .
 Atom Tmax mg met Tmaxtmgthfcgl) 2mg
- -

, -
e-
.

Let
e) F- happen

¥
ng at some
point
-

I
.

where
.
.
.

!q?.R.qf!g
speed is it and
string makes
angle O .

tomato P Loss in K -

gain in ape

D Im # -

Imu '= mgceecoso) a-

,

A
P Y
=
FI
V and O are unknown at .
,

P
At
-
E
-

mite Combine 1 , 2 and 3

and sdre to
2) T -

mg
Gso -_
mvye cos 0=2/3
get

Also
.

3) Typ =

mg .

Height from bottom is

=L Loos 0=43
-

.
 less than
Y Sf Vbs Egl it oscillates in an arc

semicircle .

2) If Vb -
-

Eye it oscillates in semicircle .

3) horizontal diameter
Sf Fgf Vbs Fgf it crosses

dearer when ? itleaves circle before

F- O
reaching topmost position
.

4) I-11

Ege
.

Sf Vb > it rotates in full circle .

Do Sections 1,2 , 3 from Module & INE A .

Leave :
Illustration EA 01 last
8,11 In ,
.

I n