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Investigatory Project Physics by Ronit
Investigatory Project Physics by Ronit
Physics
Project
Session : 2023-24
A Project Report On
“ Electromagnetic Induction”
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Table of Contents
➢ Certificate
➢ Declaration
➢ Acknowledgement
➢ Aim of Project
➢ Introduction
➢ Theory
➢ Apparatus Required
➢ Law
➢ Conclusion
➢ Bibliography
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Kendriya Vidyalaya-1
Delhi Cantt-10
Certiticate
This is to certify that Ronit Suniya student
of class XIIth B has successfully prepared the report on the
Project entitled “Electromagnetic Induction”
under the guidance of
Mr.D.S Meena (PGT Physics).
The report is the result of his efforts & endeavours.
The report is found worthy of acceptance as final
Project report for the subject Physics
of class XIIth B.
“ Electromagnetic Induction ” ,
Ronit Suniya
Class: 12th B
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Acknowledgement
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and gratitude
to my project guide Mr. D.S Meena sir for guiding me immensely gh
throu the course of the project. He always envinced keen intrest
in my project. His constructive advice & constant motivation have
been responsible for the successful completion of his project.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank all those who had
helped directly or indirectly towards the completion
of this project.
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AIM
“ To determine the
Faraday’s law
of
Electromagnetic Induction
using a copper wire
wound over an iron
rod and a strong
magnet. ”
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Introduction
Faraday’s law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism
that predicts how a magnetic field will interact with an electric
circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). It is the
fundamental operating principle of transformers , inductors,
and many types of electrical motors and generators.
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Faraday’s first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic
induction (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two wires around
opposite sides of an iron ring or “torus” (an arrangement similar
to a modern toroidal transformer) to induce current.
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Theory
Magnetic flux :-
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For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux
through an infinitesimal area element dS, where we may
condiser the field to be constant
d 𝜱B = B ∙ dS
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Apparatus Required
1. Insulated copper wire
2. An iron rod
3. A strong magnet, and
4. A light emitting diode (LED)
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Law
.
The most widespread version of Faraday’s law states :-
This version of Faraday’s law strictly holds only when the closed
circuit is a loop of infinitely thin wire and is invalid in other
circumstances as discussed below. A different version, the
Maxwell-Faraday equation (discussed below), is valid in all
circumstances.
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The EMF on a wire loop is :-
𝟏
𝜺= 𝑭 ∙d 𝒍 = (𝑬 + 𝑽 × 𝑩) ∙ 𝒅𝒍
𝒒 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆
Where 𝛁 is the curl operator and again E(r,t) is the electric field
and B(r,t) is the magnetic field. These fields can generally be
functions of position r and time t.
The four Maxwell’s equation (including the Maxwell-Faraday
equation), along with the Lorentz force law, are a sufficient
foundation to derive everything in classical electromagnetism.
Therefore it is possible to “prove” Faraday’s law starting with the se
equation. Faraday’s law could be taken as the starting point and
used to “prove” the Maxwell Faraday equation and/or other laws.
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Conclusion
Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and
published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electromagnetic concept. Although its
mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s
is not hard to grasp : it relates an induced electric potential or
voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has many far-
reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways : from
the shining of the sun to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes.
We can all appreciate the profound Faraday’s law has on us.
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Bibliography
❖ https://en.wikipedia.org
❖ https://www.google.co.in
❖ Class 12 Physics Lab Manual
❖ Class 12 NCERT Textbook
❖ https://www.vaibhavkandwal.com
Thank You!!
Ronit Suniya
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