PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2 TYPES OF FESTIVAL DANCE

HOW TO GET YOUR TARGET HEART RATE? 1. RELIGIOUS

2. SECULAR
THE MAXIMUM HEART RATE
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
220 – (AGE) = MHR
10 NEW PARADIGMS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE
HEART RATE RESERVE DIGITAL AGE
MHR – (PULSE RATE) = HRR 1. FROM AUDIENCE TO USER
60% AND 80% OF THE HRR 2. FROM MEDIA TO CONTENT
3. FROM MONOMEDIA TO MULTIMEDIA
A. 60% x HRR 4. FROM PERIODICITY TO REAL-TIME
B. 80% x HRR 5. FROM SCARCITY TO ABUNDANCE
6. FROM EDITOR-MEDIATED TO NON-MEDIATED
TARGET HEART RATE 7. FROM DISTRIBUTION TO ACCESS
A. 60% HRR + PULSE RATE = THR 8. FROM ONE WAY TO INTERACTIVITY
B. 80% HRR + PULSE RATE = THR 9. FROM LINEAR TO HYPERTEXT
10. FROM MEDIA TO CONTENT
DEHYDRATION – refers to excessive loss lf water from the
body TRENDS IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

OVEREXERTION – refers to detrimental cause of excessive Haptics Technology – takes advantage of the user’s sense
training of touch

HYPERTHERMIA – alarming rise in body temperature
which is an effect of dancing in a very humid environment
HEAT CRAMPS – when considerable salt is lost in sweat
HEAT EXHAUSTION – when heat stress exceeds the
capacity of the temperature regulating mechanism (fast
shallow breathing)
HEAT STROKE – the temperature regulating mechanism
has given up (noisy breathing)
ETIQUETTE – set of customs and rules for polite behavior
especially among a particular class of people or in a
particular profession
SPORTSMANSHIP- fairness, respect and graciousness in
winning or loving is becoming to one participating in sports
FACILITIES USED IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Parks, Recreational Center, Covered Court, House and
Gym
STAGE – a platform generally, which show performance or
other public events that are given.
PROPER HANDLING OF EQUIPMENT – read the manual
carefully before using any equipment
Contextual Awareness – device that detects and
responds to some type of input from the physical
environment
VOICE AND TONE RECOGNITION – can be used not to
only confirm a person’s identity but also their health and
emotional state
INTELLIGENT ROUTING DEVICES – provides the precise
description and location of street-based issue using
smartphone and mobile devices that can take photo and
have GPS
EYE TRACKING TECHNOLOGY- measures eye positions
and movements which are analyzed through computer
applications
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY – technology that can display
images directly onto our retinas while not blocking our
sight is being developed
WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY – takes users to computer
generated worlds and let them experience it as if they were
actually there
MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) – model for
delivering learning content online to any person who wants
to take a course, with no limits on attendance

BENEFITS OF DANCING Ubiquitous Learning – learning means that education can

happen anytime, anywhere and every time
Reduced stress
IMPLICATIONS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
Affects emotional health
PROMOTING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
Physical Development
GREATER POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
Exercise our mind, and avoid diseases
IMPROVEMENT OF LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
TEXT – defined as a simple and flexible format of SHAPE
presenting information or conveying ideas
VALUE
TWO TYPES OF TEXT
TEXTURE
FORMAL – based materials are created and distributed by
established institutions such as publishing companies, COLOR
new agencies, etc. FORM
INFORMAL – they come from personal opinions or views PRINCIPLES IN VISUAL DESIGN
on different issues, processes, etc.
CONSISTENCY – margins, typeface, typestyle and color is
TEXT AS VISUAL necessary
SERIF – used for the body text of books, newspaper, CENTER OF INTEREST – first attracts attention
magazines and research publication
BALANCE – equality in shape, form, value, color
SANS SERIF – used for clear and direct meaning of text
such as road signage, building directory or nutrition facts HARMONY – brings together
in food packages
CONTRAST – offer some change in value
SLAB SERIF – used for large advertising sign on billboards
DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT – visual flow through
SCRIPT – must be used sparingly and not to be used in a composition
large body of text, usually for wedding invitation cards or
other events RHYTHM – movement in which some elements recur
regularly
DISPLAY/ DECOARATIVE – must be used sparingly and not
to be used in large body text PERSPECTIVE – 2D looks like they appear in real-life

DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS TYPE OF SHOTS

EMPHASIS – highlighting a text, word or message
APPROPRIATENESS – how fitting or suitable
PROXIMITY - how near or far are the elements
EXTREME WIDE SHOT/ LONG SHOT – reveals the world
where the story takes place
WIDE SHOT/LONG SHOT – establish the characters and
how he/she related to the scene

ALIGNMENT – how text is positioned FULL SHOT- the characters is already focus (head to toe)

ORGANIZATION – how organized MEDIUM SHOT – often used in dialogues scenes

REPETITION – consistency of elements MEDIUM CLOSE UP- framed shoulders up, facial
expressions to show emotions
CONTRAST – achieved when two elements are different
from each other CLOSE UP- provides emotional clues (shaking hands,
tapping feet, etc.
TYPES OF VISUAL MEDIA
EXTREME CLOSE UP- highlights facial features
PHOTOGRAPHY
CAMERA ANGLES AND POV
VIDEO
BIRD’S EYE VIEW
SCREENSHOT
HIGH ANGLE SHOT
INFOGRAPHICS
EYE LEVEL
COMIC STRIPS/ CARTOONS
LOW ANGLE
MEMES
WORM’S EYE VIEW
GRAPHS/CHARTS
OVER THE SHOULDER
VISUAL NOTE-TAKING
SOUND is an essential component of media
DESIGN ELEMENTS
MUSIC – elicit emotions and arousal from listeners
LINE
SOUND EFFECTS – provides hint to the setting in the
absence of visuals
A. Hard sound – directly as what they are
B. Foley sound – equally synchronized but not the
original sound
C. Background sound – ambience setting
D. Design sound – created through editing tools
NARRATION- spoken message that gives direct
information
A. Fully- voiced Reading – solo narration
B. Partially-voiced Reading – distinctive voice in the
narration
C. Unvoiced Reading – natural /straightforward tone
D. Multicast Readings/Full Cast Readings – more
than one characters more (duet narration)
M4A – bigger hard drive space. It is preferred due to its high
quality
FLAC (FREE LOSSLESS AUDIO CODE) compressed into a
smaller size of the original file. It often needs special
downloads to function
MP3 – saves valuable space while maintaining flawless
quality
MP4 – capable of holding audio, video and other media
WAV – WAVE FORM AUDIO FILE, typically used in window
systems
WMA – Windows Media Audio, high audio quality but not
the most popular due to its inaccessibility to other users
AAC – ADVANCED AUDIO CODING, delivers decently high-
quality sound and is enhanced using advanced coding
SOME TIPS FOR LOW-COST SOUND DESIGNING
1. Never understand the power of natural
sound
2. Create your own sound bank
3. Go for original music, otherwise, search
for royalty free music
4. Eliminate unnecessary noise as much as
possible
5. Be careful with your voice recordings
6. Balance layers of sound
MOTION MEDIA
1. Creating Dynamic Scenes
2. Directing audience attention
3. Influencing audience emotional reaction
4. Controlling Reveals
SIX BASIC MOVEMENTS
DOLLY – step towards the subject with the camera
PEDESTAL – moving the camera up & down
TRUCK – like dollying, but involves motions left or right
PAN – moving camera lens to one side or another, as if
you’re looking from L to R or vice versa
TILT – as if you are nodding
ROLL – moving the camera onto its side in a roll, other
useful camera movement styles
ZOOM – zoom in/out the camera with physically moving
FOLLOWING SHOT – camera continuously follows the
subjects actions
MANIPULATIVE MEDIA – tools or devices used for hands-
on and other purpose that require kinesthetic sense
TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVES- does not require any
digital components to function
DIGITAL MANIPULATIVES – enable children new sets of
concepts that were considered before as too advanced
CONCRETE MEDIA – simple, fosters creativity, less
expensive, require more thinking
VIRTUAL MEDIA – easier to maneuver and keep together,
more accessible at home
PRODUCING MULTIMEDIA CONTENT
1. ESTABLISH YOUR THESIS STATEMENT
2. KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE
3. DETERMINE YOUR PURPOSE
4. CHOOSE YOUR STYLE
5. THINK OF AN INNOVATION
6. DECIDE YOUR LANGUAGE
7. EXPLORE OTHER OPTIONS
8. THINK OF WHAT OTHERS CAN GIVE BACK
STAGES OF PRODUCTION IN MULTIMEDIA
PRE-PRODUCTION STAGE
1. Planning Meeting – unify the team members and
lay out the lines of actions each member must do
2. Creative Brief and Script Writing – may serve as
a blueprint for all creative content projects
needed
3. Storyboarding to tie the elements together –
visual representation of a film sequence and
break down the action into individual panels
PRODUCTION STAGE
4. Production and Designing the Visual Aspects –
designers take over the visual aspects of the
project to determine how it looks and feels.
POST-PRODUCTION STAGE
 5. Review and Editing – all the sounds and visual
components are combined in a logical sequence
6. User Testing – test members of the audience use
the multimedia piece while team members
observe.
EVALUATING MULTIMEDIA
1. LOCATION OF THE SOURCE – where does the
content came from?
2. NETWORK – who are the followers of this site?
3. CONTENT – can the information be confirmed
from other sources?
4. CONTEXTUAL UPDATES – is the content updated
or is it lost in time?
5. AGE – what is the age of the account in question?
6. RELIABILITY – is this source of information
reliable?
DIMENSIONS OF CRITICAL EVALUATION
RELEVANCE – information’s level of importance
ACCURACY – information contains factual or updated
BIAS/PERSPECTIVE – position which an author shapes an
information
RELIABILITY – information’s level of trustworthiness
• INVESTIGATE THE SOURCE
• FIND TRUSTED COVERAGE
• TRACE CLAIMS, QUOTES, AND MEDIA
BACK TO THE ORIGINAL CONTEXT
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIVES 1
Case study-describe in-depth the experience of one
person, family, group, community, or
Institution
Ethnography – describe a culture’s characteristics
Grounded theory- used in discovering what problems
exist in a social scene & how persons handle them
Involves formulation, testing, & redevelopment of
propositions until a theory is developed
Narrative inquiry – is to reveal the meanings of the
individuals’ experiences as opposed to objective,
decontextualized truths
Phenomenology- examines uniqueness of individual’s
lived situations each person has own reality; reality is
subjective
Sampling means selecting respondents or participants
from a broad population to respond to your research
questions.
Population is a technical term in research which means a
big group of people from where you choose the sample or
the chosen set of people to represent the population.
Sampling frame is the list of members of the population
to which you want to generalize or apply your findings
about the sample.
Sample size is the representativeness of the sample with
respect to the population.
Slovin’s Formula
N = N / (1 + Ne2)
Where:
N = Number of samples,
N = Total population and
E = Error tolerance (level).
FIVE SIGNIFICANT POSSIBLE BIAS SOURCES
1. Any sampling principles agreed upon beforehand are
deviated from
2. People are omitted from difficult to reach groups
3. For instance, if selected individuals are difficult to
reach, they are replaced by others
4. Low response rates are available
5. As a reference frame, an outdate list is used (for
instance, where people have recently relocated to a region
are excluded)
Non-Probability Sampling Methods
Availability/Convenience or Voluntary Sampling
This sampling can be the best way to survey, as
participants are chosen based on availability and
readiness to participate.
Quota Sampling
Many market analysts use this sampling process. A quota
of subjects of a particular nature are given to the
interviewees to try to hire. The quotas selected would
better be proportional to the underlying population’s
characteristics.
Judgment/Purposive Sampling
This method, often called selective or analytical sampling,
relies on the researcher’s judgment to decide who to ask
to be involved. It implicitly allows researchers to use a
“representative” sample to suit their needs or to
concentrate exclusively on individuals with those
characteristics.
Snowball Sampling
In the social sciences this approach is widely used when
studying communities that are hard to access. Existing
samples are asked to nominate additional subjects that
are familiar to them, so that the samples expand like a
snowball.
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
COMMUNUCATION MEDIA CHANNELS
Communication that is mediated or transmitted through
channels such as television, film, radio, social networking
sites, fax, e-mail, cell phone, overnight courier messengers
and print is generally referred to as media.
Communication involves the giving, receiving or
exchanging, of information, opinions, or ideas to ensure
that the message is completely understood by everybody
involved.
COMMUNICATION SETTING
Government setting - deals with citizens and particularly
deliver social and public services that ensure peaceful and
orderly living.
Private Sector - advertisement, to inform the public,
individuals, groups, and communication about available
goods and services on sale.
Civil Society - exist to advocate the causes of social
justice on behalf of the marginalized sectors,
disenfranchised minorities, and even on behalf on
biodiversity
School Setting – to deliver educational goods to the
public and engage communities in agenda setting
regarding educational goals and means.
Community setting – is where all sectors interact,
government, business, civil society and all individuals and
groups.
Mass Media – All forms of communication that are
devoted to transmitting standardized messages to
widespread audience.
New Media and Social Media
Issue-based, people forge a conversational community
driven by the common interest and generally focused on a
single issue and virtually located. (from citizens to
netizens)
Blogging and Social Networking – This can be done
online and In real time using instant messaging. People are
more concerned with expressing their opinions and
feelings about the issue at hand.
Telecommunication – Refers to the transmission of
information by the electromagnetic means.
National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)
- It is the regulatory agency
responsible to steer the
telecommunications sector as
a primary engine for national
progress and development
Counseling offers guidance to individuals in varying
situations of conflict, confusion, and crisis and provides
the tools for the individual to address issues of self-
development.
Social Work offers a wide range of services particularly in
aid of emancipating the marginalized individuals in
facilitating participation in public goods and services that
are necessary for self-development.
Communication empowers the individual with listening
and speaking skills in order for them to be effective. The
individual has to be sure that the message comes across
accurately by considering the message itself, the
audience, or receiver, and how the message is likely to be
received.
FOUR PILLARS OF EDUCATION
1. Learning to know – mastery of the instruments of
knowledge
2. Learning to do – application of what learners have
learned or known into practices.
3. Learning to live together - discovery of others and on
another, experience of shared purposes throughout life.
4. Learning to be – becoming dehumanized
Socialization is the process by which society turns an
individual from being a child into a full-fledged responsible
adult
Enculturation is a process by which we acquire a culture
of his or her environment
Acculturation, a concept that refers to the acquisition of a
second culture.
Persuasion is a symbolic process in which
communicators try to convince other people to change
their attitudes or behaviors regarding an issue.
The source – the person who sends a communication.
The receiver- the target of a persuasive message.
The channel- the medium used to send the message. E.g.
newspapers, television, the internet, verbal and nonverbal
communication
TYPES OF APPEAL IN PERSUASION
Appeal 1: Logical – an argument based on facts, statistics
and research or expert opinion.
Appeal 2 : Emotional – getting an emotional response iis
another way to convince.
Appeal 3 : Moral – the last way to convince is to appeal to
people’s morals
Art is a human creativity that involves the perceptions and
imaginations of an artist trying to communicate a selective
recreation of reality and giving it form into the immediate
perceptual awareness.
Social Awareness - It involves learning to show respect
for and understand others’ perspectives and their
emotional states and needs.
Self-awareness – it means having the capacity to
understand your personality, behaviors, habits, and
emotions. It includes being conscious of what you are
good at (strengths) as well as of what you are not good at
(weaknesses).
Self-knowledge – it involves a capacity for understanding
the representational properties of mental states and their
role in shaping behavior.
Effect of Applied Social Sciences
Conflict Management
Family Relations
Domestic Violence
Conflict – two people disagree about something, can be
positive and healthy
Causes of Conflict
• conflict over resources
• conflict involving values
Escalation – lack of necessary peace-making skills
De-escalation – use of conflict resolution skills
CONFLICT STAGES
Pre-conflict - this is the period when there is an
incompatibility of goals between two or more parties,
which could lead to open conflict.
Confrontation - at this stage, the conflict has become
more open.
Crisis - this is the peak of the conflict when the tension
and/or violence is most intense.
Outcome - one way or another the crisis will lead to an
outcome.
Post-conflict - finally, the situation is resolved in a way
that leads to an ending of any violent confrontation to a
decrease in tension and to a more normal relationship
between the parties
Peacebuilding is the development of constructive
personal, group, and political ,relationships across ethnic,
religious, class, national, and racial boundaries
Risk Assessment - A way of determining risks and dangers
in workplaces
Personal and Family Relations
Family planning – The use of education and birth control
to limit the number of offspring and the population of a
country.
Mass Media - Negative effects of mass media on children
are manifested in terms of changing mental set-up and
declining quality of their lifestyle.
Peer Group – In a group of people usually of similar age,
background, and social status, with whom a person
associates and who are likely to influence the person’s
beliefs and behavior.
Dual Career Families – One in which both heads of
household pursue careers and at the same time maintain
a family life together.
Legal separation – A decree of legal separation only
allows spouses to live separately but it does not sever the
bonds of marriage, meaning that the parties cannot get
married to other people.
Annulment – A decree of annulment that has been issued
by the court allows the parties to remarry
Single Parent – A condition where there is only one parent
that is taking care of the family.
THE NUCLEAR FAMILIES IN THE PHILIPPINE
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
Sexuality – a central aspect of being human throughout
life and includes gender identities, roles, and sexual
orientation.

Gender – the main factor that develops our sexuality. It

refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls, and
boys that are socially constructed.

OVERSEAS MIGRATION OF OFW

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Social media is computer-based technology that

facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information
through the building of virtual networks and communities.

Substance abuse can simply be defined as a pattern of

harmful use of any substance for mood-altering purposes.

Substance refers to any drugs, mediation or toxins that

shares the potential of abuse.

Addiction is a physiological and psychological

dependence on alcohol or other drugs of abuse that
affects the central nervous system in such a way that
withdrawal symptoms are experienced when the
substance is discontinued.

Abuse refers to maladaptive pattern of substance use that

impairs health in a board sense.

Dependence refers to certain physiological and

psychological

Phenomena induced by the repeated taking of a

substance.

Tolerance is a state in which after repeated

administration, a drug produced a decreased effect. Or
increasing doses are required to produce the same effect.

Withdrawal state is a group of signs and symptoms

recurring when drug is reduced in amount or withdrawn,
which last for a limited time.