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16 October 2023 1445 ‫الثان‬
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Introduction to Electronics

Lecture 04
Diodes (1)

Dr. Hesham A. Omran

Integrated Circuits Lab (ICL)
Electronics and Communications Eng. Dept.
Faculty of Engineering
Ain Shams University
 Outline
❑ Modeling
▪ I-V Characteristics
▪ Transfer Characteristics
❑ Large Signal Diode Model
▪ Ideal Diode Model
▪ Graphical Analysis
▪ Constant Voltage Model
❑ Diode Applications
▪ Half-Wave Rectifier
▪ Full-Wave Rectifier
▪ Bridge Rectifier
▪ Peak Rectifier

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 Modeling: I-V Characteristics

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 Modeling: I-V Characteristics

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 Modeling: I-V Characteristics

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 Modeling: Transfer Characteristics

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 The Ideal Diode Model

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 Diode Circuit Example

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 A Simple Application: The Rectifier

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 Diode Examples

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 PN Junction I-V Characteristics
𝑉 V
𝐼 = 𝐼𝑆 (𝑒 𝑉𝑇 − 1)
Anode Cathode
❑ Forward: High diffusion current exponentially I
dependent on 𝑉 = 𝑉𝐹
𝑉
𝐼 ≈ 𝐼𝑆 𝑒 𝑉𝑇
❑ Reverse: Very small drift current almost
independent of 𝑉 = −𝑉𝑅
𝐼 ≈ −𝐼𝑆
❑ Breakdown: Very high reverse current at LARGE
reverse bias voltage

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 Analytical Analysis

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 Graphical Analysis

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 The Constant-Voltage-Drop Model

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 The Rectifier Revisited

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 The DC Power Supply

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 The Half-Wave Rectifier (HWR)

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 The Half-Wave Rectifier (HWR)
❑ PIV: Peak Inverse Voltage
❑ 𝑃𝐼𝑉 = 𝑉𝑠
❑ Select a diode that has a reverse
breakdown voltage at least 50%
greater than the expected PIV.

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 The Full-Wave Rectifier (FWR)
❑ Secondary winding is center-
tapped

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 The Full-Wave Rectifier (FWR)
❑ Secondary winding is center-
tapped
❑ 𝑃𝐼𝑉 = 2𝑉𝑠 − 𝑉𝑂𝑁

04: Diodes (1) [Sedra/Smith, 2015] 20

 The Bridge Rectifier
❑ Two basic concepts:
▪ Current flows from high voltage to
low voltage.
▪ Diode passes current in the
forward direction only.

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 The Bridge Rectifier

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 The Bridge Rectifier
❑ 𝐷3: 𝑉𝑅 = 𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑡 − −𝑉𝐷2,𝑂𝑁
❑ 𝑃𝐼𝑉 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝑉𝑂𝑁
❑ Most popular FWR
▪ Center-tapped winding not
required
▪ Less secondary winding
▪ Less PIV

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 The DC Power Supply

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 The Peak Rectifier (Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor)

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 FW Peak Rectifier

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 Thank you!

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