PHẦN I – TỪ VỰNG

LESSON 1

I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 slender a / ˈslendər / mảnh khảnh, thon thả
2 mystify v / ˈmɪstɪfaɪ / làm bối rối, làm hoang mang
mystification n / ˌmɪstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən / sự làm bối rối
mystic a / ˈmɪstɪk / thần bí
3 sideways a / ˈsaɪdweɪz / theo chiều ngang
4 skyscraper n / ˈskaɪˌskreɪpər / tòa nhà chọc trời
5 masterpiece n / ˈmɑːstəpiːs / tác phẩm lớn, kiệt tác
6 dampen v / ˈdæmpən / làm ẩm ướt, làm giảm bớt
7 augment v /ɔːɡˈment / tăng (kích thước, giá trị...)
8 quantify v / ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ / xác định số lượng
quantity n / ˈkwɒntəti / số lượng
9 staggering a / ˈstæɡərɪŋ / sửng sốt, kinh ngạc
stagger v / ˈstæɡər / làm sửng sốt
staggeringly adv / ˈstæɡərɪŋli / một cách sửng sốt
10 feasible a / ˈfiːzəbəl̩ / có thể đạt được, có thể hoàn thành
được
11 igloo n / ˈɪɡluː / cái lều làm bằng tuyết
12 insulating a / ˈɪnsjəleɪtɪŋ / cách li (cách điện, cách thủy...)
13 permafrost n / ˈpɜːməfrɒst / tầng đất bị đóng băng vĩnh viễn
14 adamant a / ˈædəmənt / cứng rắn
15 scant a / skænt / rất ít, hiếm, không đủ
16 beneficial a /. ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl̩ / có lợi, có ích
benefit n / ˈbenɪfɪt / lợi ích
beneficent a / bəˈnefɪsənt / hay làm điều tốt
beneficently adv / bəˈnefɪsəntli / một cách rộng lượng, từ tâm
17 roadster n / ˈrəʊdstər / xe mui trần có 2 chỗ ngồi
18 upmarket a / ˌʌpˈmɑːkɪt / thượng lưu
19 saloon n / səˈluːn / phòng hạng nhất (tàu thuỷ); phòng
hành khách (trong máy bay lớn)
20 fraction n / ˈfrækʃən / phân số
21 sensitive a / ˈsensɪtɪv / nhạy cảm
sensible a / ˈsensəbəl / hợp lí
sensibility n / ˌsensəˈbɪləti / sự nhạy cảm
sensitize v / ˈsensɪtaɪz / làm nhạy cảm, cảm động
22 simulation n / ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən̩ / sự giả bộ
23 hormone n / ˈhɔːməʊn / hóc-môn
 24 cortisol n / 'kɔ:tizɒl / một loại hóc môn có chức năng chống
stress
25 record-changing a / rɪˈkɔːd ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ / thay đổi liên tiếp
record-holding a / rɪˈkɔːd ˈhəʊldɪŋ / giữ kỉ lục
record - keeping a / rɪˈkɔːd ˈkiːpɪŋ / bảo tồn văn thư
record-breaking a /' rɪˈkɔːd ˈbreɪkɪŋ / phá kỉ lục
26 ill-advised a / ˌɪlədˈvaɪzd / khờ dại, nhẹ dạ
ill-tempered a / ˌɪlˈtempəd / dễ cáu
ill-affected a / ˌɪləˈfektɪd / có ý xấu, ác ý
ill-behaved a / ˌɪlbɪˈheɪvd / vô lễ, mất dạy
27 ready-mixed a / ˌredimɪkst / trộn sẵn
ready- made a / ˌrediˈmeɪd / làm sẵn
28 methodological a / ˌmeθədəlˈɒdʒɪkəl / thuộc phương pháp luận
29 memorization n / ˌmeməraɪ'zeɪʃən / sự ghi nhớ
30 mastery n / ˈmɑːstəri / quyền làm chủ
31 long-living a / ˌlɒŋˈlɪvɪŋ / sống lâu
long-lost a / lɒŋlɒst / lâu ngày không gặp
long-acting a / ˌlɒŋˈæktɪŋ có tác dụng lâu dài
long-lasting a / ˌlɒŋˈlɑːstɪŋ / kéo dài
32 low-priority a / ləʊ praɪˈɒrəti / ưu tiên thấp
high-priority a / haɪ praɪˈɒrəti/ ưu tiên cao
low-paid a / ˈləʊpeɪd/ trả lương thấp
high-paid a / ˈhaɪpeɪd / trả lương cao

II. Structures
STT Cấu trúc - Cụm từ Nghĩa
1 dry out bỏ rượu
2 bring on gây ra
bring down hạ xuống, làm giảm xuống
bring forth sinh ra
bring back gợi nhớ lại
3 come on đi tiếp
come up đạt tới, lên tới, xảy ra
come up with đưa ra, nảy ra (ý kiến)
come by đi qua
come to đến
4 prop up hỗ trợ, làm chỗ dựa cho
hold on nắm chặt, giữ
put away để dành, dọn
put off hoãn lại
5 run into = come across = bump into va chạm, đụng phải, tình cờ gặp
pour into rót vào
move into di chuyển
drain into chảy ra
 6 stand out chống lại, nổi bật lên
stand to bám sát, thực hiện (lời hứa)
stand up đứng lên
stand back lùi lại, đứng ngoài
7 have an eye for = is good at noticing giỏi nhận ra/ có khả năng đánh giá đúng về điều gì
8 keeps sb on one's toes = makes sb stay làm cho ai phải thận trọng/ chú ý
active and concentrated
9 shoulder all the blame gánh mọi trách nhiệm
= take responsibility for st bad
10 walk straight into a job = get a job very easily: tìm được việc một cách dễ dàng
11 make a habit of= begin to do st regularly, often without thinking about it: tạo thành thói quen
12 on average trung bình
in general = on the whole nhìn chung
on the one hand một mặt
13 out of control mất kiểm soát
in control có khả năng kiểm soát tình hình
under control trong tầm kiểm soát
14 make a living = earn enough to live kiếm đủ sống
15 bear (st) in mind = remember a fact or circumstance and take it into account: ghi nhớ
16 jump to conclusions = make a hasty judgement before considering all the facts: kết luận vội
vàng

III. Practice exercise 1

Question 1: Japanese scholars have been _________ for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are
so stable.
A. mystified B. mystification C. mystifying D. mystic
Question 2: With its special shock absorbers to _________ the effect of sudden sideways movements
from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo-Japan's first skyscraper-
was considered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968.
A. increase B. dry out C. dampen D. augment
Question 3: More surprising is the fact that the individual stores of a Japanese pagoda, unlike their
counterparts elsewhere, are not actually connected to each other. They are simply _________ one on top
of another like a pile of hats.
A. tied B. placed C. glued D. stacked
Question 4: The cost of food has now reached a point where a growing number of people believe that it
is far too high and that bringing it _________ will be one of the great challenges of the twenty-first
century.
A. up B. down C. forth D. back
Question 5: They added up the costs of repairing the damage it caused and came _________ with a total
figure of £2,343m.
A. on B. up C. by D. to
Question 6: But the costs to society can actually be quantified and, when added up, can amount to
_________ sums.
A. staggering B. staggered C. stagger D. staggeringly
Question 7: We are paying for our supposedly cheaper food in three separate ways: once over the
counter, secondly through our taxes, which provide the enormous subsidies _________ modern intensive
farming, and thirdly to clean up the mess that modern farming leaves behind.
A. propping up B. holding on C. putting away D. putting off
Question 8: In Britain, the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of
_________ farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible.
A. new B. serious C. intensive D. massive
Question 9: There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes,
of lakes _________ into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying
seals beyond the reach of hunters.
A. running B, pouring C. moving D. draining
Question 10: Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to
_________ and let outside experts tell them what's happening.
A. stand out B. stand to C. stand up D. stand back
Question 11: Many others certainly don't see it that way and are adamant that the late politician was
largely to blame for having a(n) _________ for the vision but scant regard for the detail.
A. eye B. ear C. nose D. tongue
Question 12: Having three sons under the age of five keeps Jana on her _________.
A. knees B. feet C. toes D. legs
Question 13: Teachers cannot be expected to _________ all the blame for poor exam results.
A. back B. face C. head D. shoulder
Question 14: Although he only just managed to get his degree, when he left university, he _________
straight into a job in an excellent company.
A. walked B. run C. went D. jumped
Question 15: It's a good idea to make a _________ of switching off the lights when you leave a room.
A. routine B. habit C. custom D. rule
Question 16: And fundamentally it is the government telling you how to behave and if you behave in a
certain way, then the government will be _________ enough to hand you back some money.
A. beneficial B. benefit C. beneficent D. beneficently
Question 17: Provided you know the rules, investing in a _________ car is an ideal way to get your
hands on a sporty roadster or upmarket saloon for a fraction of the price you'd pay for a new model.
A. classical B. classic C. modern D. unique
Question 18: Thus we can expect _________ down cycles caused by oil shortages and higher prices to
happen very fast.
A. economical B. economy C. economic D. economically
Question 19: Drivers are more likely to respect a _________ approach to road safety such as locally
controlled temporary limits, as used successfully by a number of other councils around the country.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. sensibility D. sensitize
Question 20: If Cong continues in this vein, it will be a brave man who bets against them winning a
fourth _________ title.
A. successful B. success C. succeeding D. successive
Question 21: 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, _________, to
live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years.
A. on average B. in general C. on the whole D. on the one hand
Question 22: In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those who felt
_________ of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol.
A. out of control B. in control C. under control D. on control
Question 23: In my mid-twenties, I joined the staff of a language school. The pay wasn't brilliant but I
could make a _________.
A. existing B. being C. living D. staying
Question 24: People also need to _________ the same warnings in mind if they use mobile phones and
email.
A. take B. put C.bear D.have
Question 25: But, one should be careful before _________ to conclusions about what the joke implies
about the teller.
A. jumping B. running C. stepping D. hopping
Question 26: Schools across the borough celebrated another _________ year as GCSE results improved
again.
A. record-changing B. record-holding C. record - keeping D. record-breaking
Question 27: Unless and until she stops talking like an eighteenth century Tory oligarch in a rotten
borough, the committee would be _________ to pick her as a candidate.
A. ill-advised B. ill-tempered C. ill-affected D. ill-behaved
Question 28: In addition, mastery of the subject does not imply a memorization of _________ formulas
or methodological recommendations, but rather a logical understanding of the material.
A. ready-mixed B. ready- made C. ready-making D. ready-sensitized
Question 29: They suggest using a powder, applied with a fine but firm brush, for the most natural and
_________ effect.
A. long-living B. long-lost C. long-acting D. long-lasting
Question 30: Councilors were also told that some _________ services and grants might have to be
withdrawn, or charges for services introduced or increased to plug the gap.
A. low-priority B. high-priority C. low-paid D. high-paid

ĐÁP ÁN
LESSON 1
1. A 6. A 11. A 16. C 21. A 26. D
2. C 7. A 12. C 17. B 22. B 27. A
3. D 8. C 13. D 18. C 23. C 28. B
4. B 9. D 14. A 19. B 24. C 29. D
5. B 10. D 15. B 20. D 25. A 30. A