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ALGEBRA

THEORY
OA-1.4 LINEAR AND QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
Basic concepts of Algebra
An algebraic expression is obtained by combining numbers and letters together with arithmetic
operators.

Example
x² + 3xy + y'.

Algebraic term
into parts, each called a term.
When one or more of t, - signs appear, the expression is separated

Example
In x² + 3xy + y'; the terms are x', 3xy and y.
called the variable factor.
In a term 7xy, 7 is called the numerical coefficient. x'y is

are the same.

Like terms are those in which the powers of the variables

Example
2ab and 3ab are like terms.

then it is called a monomial.

If an expression contains only one term,

Example
3xy, 4xz, 8xyz, 36.

then it is called a binomial.

If an expression contains two terms,

Example
|+ 3m, p + 2r

trinomial.
If an expression contains three terms, then it is called a

Example
|+ 3m + 2n, p + q - 2r

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Trusted for Succes ALGEBRA

polynomial.
IT an expression contains two or more terms, then it is called a

Example
3x + 5y + 42, 4a - 5b + 3c -2d
a polynomial in one
An algebraic expression of the form a + bx + cx + dx + .... is called
variable x.

Example
4 + 3x + 8x² + 9x3 + 5x4

The degree of a polynomial is the greatest of the exponents (indices) of its various terms.

Example
-6x + 7x* + 4x' is a polynomial of degree 3.

Simple Equations
Framing a simple equation
An equation is a statement in which twO algebraic expressions are equal. If the equation is of
the first order, (i.e. highest power of the variable is 1) then it is caled a linear equation or a
simple equation.
A linear equation in one variable is represented by ax + b= 0, where x is the variable (the value
of which is not known), and 'a' and b' are real numbers (a # 0)

Example
() 2x - 13 = 7: (6) 3x+7
5 = 11; (ii) 2x + 3y = 4

While solving a simple equation with one variable, simplify the two sides separately by removing
the brackets, if any. Transpose all the terms containing the unknown variable to the left-hand side
and the remaining terms to the right-hand side. For this add/subtract the same number to/from
both sides of the equation or/and multiply/divide both sides of the equation by the same non-zero
number as required. A linear equation in one variable always has a unique solution.

Example
(0) 3x + 5(2 - x) = -16
3x + 10- 5x = -16
- 2x = - 26 . X= 13
.:. 13 is the solution of the given equation.

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LINEAR AND QUADRATIC EQUATIÖNS1.4

THEORY
(i) X-6
5 x-4
3 =8-X2
Multiply both sides by the LCM of 5, 3, and 7, i.e.
105.
21(x - 6) + 35(x 4) = 105 x 8- 15(x - 2)
21x + 35x + 15x = 840 + 30 +
126 + 140
71x =1136 .. X = 16 .. 16 is the
solution of the given equation.
Note: Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction,
on both sides of the equations of/ by the same non multiplication
or division of terms
zero number does not change the
solution of the given equation.

Concept Builder 1
1. 2x - 4 = 6x- 22

2. (3x + 4) (2x - 5) - 122 = (6x - 1) (x + 10)

3. 5x- 7 =X+9
3 4
4. (x - 2) (2x - 5) - (2x*- 8x + 11) = 0
5. Find x, ifif X8+
4
X+5.
5 2=6+ Xt2
+X+5 -6+ 11
6. If 8a + 3= 27, then the value of 3a + 6 is:
Answer Key

= X 'E G =X