The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

The Hope

     


Chapter No. 01 01


1- Quadratic Equation: :

1
Ans. An equation which contain the square of     

the unknown (variable) quantity, but no
higher power, is called quadratic
   !
equation or an equation of second x 2 − 7x + 6
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degree.
Example: x 2 − 7x + 6
2- Standard form of quadratic equation:
    

2
Ans. A second degree equation in one variable a ≠ 0  ax 2 + bx + c  $  %& ' x

x, is ax 2 + bx + c , a ≠ 0 and a, b, c are
constants is called the general or        ()  *+  , - .cba
standard form of a quadratic equation. 3c12b&( -0xa&( -0 x 2 /
Where a is the coefficient of x 2 , b is the
coefficient of x and constant term is c. It
is also called standard form.
3- Reciprocal Equation:

3

 9 $x 4    56  78


Ans. An equation is said to be a reciprocal 1
equation, if it remains unchanged, when 
:    ;<
x
1
x is replaced by . 3=>
x
Example: 2x 4 − 5x 3 − 14x 2 − 5x + 2 = 0 2x 4 − 5x 3 − 14x 2 − 5x + 2 = 0
"#
4- Exponential Equation:


4
Ans. In exponential equations variable occurs 3A',B?@',C7?@

in exponent.
Example: 5x +1 + 51− x = 26 5x +1 + 51− x = 26
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5- Radical Equation:
 
5
Ans. An equation involving expression under   (G  D  EF (G H '  I

the radical sign is called a radical
equation. 3
Example: x + 3 = x + 1 x + 3 = x + 1
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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

Chapter No. 02 02



6- Discriminant: 
6
Ans. The expression “ b 2 − 4ac ” of the 3A b 2 − 4ac  KLM0 ax 2 + bx + c J 

quadratic expression ax 2 + bx + c is
7x 2 − 2x + 1 = 0
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called discriminant.
Example: 7x 2 − 2x + 1 = 0
 "
7- Symmetric Function:  !
7
Ans. Symmetric functions of the roots of a N O ' P QR N   O     

quadratic equation are those functions in V Z[
which all the roots involved are alike, so QRSTUWXY =>\$J]^8O_`a
that the value of the expression remains 3`a
unaltered, when roots are interchanged.
Example: α3 + β3 + 3αβ α3 + β3 + 3αβ
"#
8- Synthetic Division: %#$
8
Ans. Synthetic division is the process of gh C Aij k  c d  b 8c de f

finding the quotient and remainder, when
a polynomial is divided by a linear 3`lkmn8op;<*qrst
polynomial. (5x 4 − 3x 3 − 2x) ÷ (x − 3)
"#
Example: (5x 4 − 3x 3 − 2x) ÷ (x − 3)
9- Simultaneous Equations: &'
9
Ans. A system of equation f (x, y) = 0 and g(x, y) = 0   f (x, y) = 0  ,C   ' , 

g(x, y) = 0 having a common solution is
3`x y Suvw0P
called a system of simultaneous
equations. 3x + y = 0 ; 3x 2 + y 2 = 50
"#
2 2
Example: 3x + y = 0 ; 3x + y = 50
Chapter No. 03 03


10- Ratio: (
10
Ans. A relation between two quantities of the 3`lz8{(||}~ ,

same kind is called ratio.
Example: 8 :11 8 :11
"#
11- Proportion: )*
11
Ans. A proportion is a statement which is 3`l€8{(||}~ ,

expressed as equivalence of two ratios.
Example: a : b :: c : d a : b :: c : d
"#
12- Direct Variation: +,
12
Ans. If two quantities are related in such a ‚ƒ b_„p 5 { }~ , 4

way that when one changes in any ratio
so does the other is called direct  C †‡ƒzˆ‰(& ; †

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

variation. 3`lŠ
x∝y
Example: x∝y
x = ky
"#
x = ky
13- Inverse Variation: ,
13
Ans. If two quantities are related in such a ‚ƒ b_„p 5 { }~ , 4

way that when one quantity increases the
other decreases is called inverse  (&  ;   b     (&  
variation. 3`l56 C‡ƒ
1 1
x∝ x∝
y y
Example:
"#
k k
x= x=
y y
14- Joint Variation: ,-
14
Ans. A combination of direct and inverse ‹, 56Š' b b

variations of one or more than one
x x
variables forms joint variation. y ∝ ; y = k 3Œ Su
x x x z
y∝ ; y=k y ∝ x 2z
x z
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y ∝ x 2z y = kx 2 z
Example:
y = kx 2 z
Here k ≠ 0 is the constant of variation.
Chapter No. 04 04


15- Fraction: .
15
Ans. A fraction is an indicated quotient of two 3z$,Ž  -

numbers or algebraic expressions. It is
15 3
represented by ( _____ ). ,
"#
15 3 8 4
Example: ,
8 4
16- Equation:

16
Ans. An equation is equality between two 3`l8{(||}~ ,Ž

expressions.
17- Identity: /0
17
Ans. An identity is an equation which is     '      ‘ b ’“

satisfied by all the values of the variable
involved. 3Š ”
Example: 2(x + 1) = 2x + 2 2(x + 1) = 2x + 2
"#
18- Rational Fraction: .12
18

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

Ans. N(x) N(x)


An expression of the form where ,&( -. D(x)  N(x) ' I$•
D(x) D(x)
N(x) and D(x) are polynomials in x with 3–— ,,˜™XYZšd›
real coefficient, is called a rational
2x
fraction.
"#
2x (x − 1)(x + 2)
Example:
(x − 1)(x + 2)
19- Proper Fraction: .3
19

  –—

Ans. N(x) N(x)
A rational fraction , with D(x) ≠ 0 œ 4    f D(x) ≠ 0  /
D(x) D(x)
is called a proper fraction, if degree of 3 ¡žŸ 0 K
polynomial N(x), in numerator is less
2 3x 2
than the degree of the polynomial D(x), ,
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in the denominator. x + 1 x3 + 1
2 3x 2
Example: , 3
x +1 x +1
20- Improper Fraction: .34
20

 –—‘

Ans. N(x) N(x)
A rational expression with  f¢ D(x) ≠ 0  /
D(x) D(x)
D(x) ≠ 0 is called an improper fraction if 3|| ƒžŸ 0 Kœ4
degree of the polynomial N(x) in the
5x 6x 4
numerator is greater or equal to the , 3
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degree of the polynomial D(x) in the x + 2 x + 1
denominator.
5x 6x 4
Example: ,
x + 2 x3 + 1
21- Partial Fractions: 6 5
21

gh

Ans. Decomposition of resultant fraction N(x)

f£$
N(x) D(x)
, when:
D(x) 3¥ b¦¢ D(x) ?¤ a
(a) Denominator D(x) consist of non-
repeated linear factors. 3¥ b¦ D(x) ?¤ b
(b) Denominator D(x) consist of repeated 3¥  ¦¢ D(x) ?¤ c
linear factors.
(c) Denominator D(x) contains non- 3¥  ¦ D(x) ?¤ d
repeated irreducible quadratic factors.
(d) Denominator D(x) has repeated
quadratic factors.

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

Chapter No. 05 05



22- Set: 7
22
Ans. A set is the well-defined collection of 3`lv8§¨©ª

distinct objects with some common
properties. R = {1, 2,3,..., 20} , Z = {1,3,5,7}
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Example:
R = {1, 2,3,..., 20} , Z = {1,3,5,7}
23- Union of Sets: 89:;<
23
Ans. Union of two sets A and B denoted by  B AAv}0N¬­0BA,«

A U B is the set containing elements
which either belong to A and B or to 3`a<¯ A U B 853,',®
both. C B = {5,6,7}  A = {1, 2,3, 4} 4
"#
Examples:
If A = {1, 2,3, 4} and B = {5,6,7} then: AUB=?
AUB=? A U B = {1, 2,3, 4} U {5,6, 7}
A U B = {1, 2,3, 4} U {5,6, 7} A U B = {1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7}
A U B = {1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7}
24- Intersection of Sets: =>:;<
24
Ans. Intersection of two sets A and B denoted  }0 Su  ' ,« ,®  °± 0 BA ,«

by A I B is the set of common elements
of both A and B. 3Aij¯ A I B 853²
Example: C B = {2,3,1}  A = {0,1, 2,3, 4} 4
"#
If A = {0,1, 2,3, 4} and B = {2,3,1} then: AIB=?
AIB=? A I B = {0,1, 2,3, 4} I {2,3,1}
A I B = {0,1, 2,3, 4} I {2,3,1}
A I B = {1, 2,3}
A I B = {1, 2,3}
25- Difference of Sets: :;<
25
Ans. The set difference of B and A denoted by v 5` a<¯ A − B  8LMBvAv

B – A is the set of all those elements of
B but do not belonging to A. 3,'B}0 A'
Example: C B = {1, 4,5}  A = {0,1, 2,3, 4} 4
"#
If A = {0,1, 2,3, 4} and B = {1, 4,5} then: A−B=?
A−B=? A − B = {0,1, 2,3, 4} − {1, 4,5}
A − B = {0,1, 2,3, 4} − {1, 4,5}
A − B = {0, 2,3}
A − B = {0, 2,3}
 @ E
26- Compliment of Sets: ?A!BCD ! :;<
26
V ¶ ·ZX¸¹ºYZ»
Ans. Compliment of a set A w.r.t universal set  }0 *¼  U ' v µ  A v  ³´ U

U is denoted by A c or A′ , contain all

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

those elements of U which do not belong 3`a<¯ A′  A c 853,'A

to A.
Example:
"#
U = {1, 2,3,...,10} , A = {0,1, 2,3,...,10} U = {1, 2,3,...,10} , A = {0,1, 2,3,...,10}
A′ = U − A A′ = U − A
U − A = {1, 2,3,...,10} − {0,1, 2,3,...,10} U − A = {1, 2,3,...,10} − {0,1, 2,3,...,10}
U−A ={ } U−A ={ }
27- Closed Figures: FGH
27
Ans. British Mathematician John Venn (1834- 8 Á ” U v ½¾­ ; ¿ }i }  À  (®|

1923) introduced rectangle for a
universal set U and its subsets A and B Ç  5 8BA ,« Â  5  < ÃÄ Å  Æ
as a closed figures inside this rectangle. 3j"ÈÉ"ÊË
Example:

28- Binary Relation: IJ
28

Ans. Suppose A and B are two non-empty sets v  C R ⊆ A × B   , v ›Ì ¢   BA 4

then relation f : A → B is called a
function if (i) Dom f = set A (ii) every 3AÍ7Î'BRA
x ∈ A appears in one and only ordered
"#
pair∈ f .
X = {2,3, 4,5} and Y = {2, 4,6,8}
Example:
X = {2,3, 4,5} and Y = {2, 4,6,8} X × Y = {2,3, 4,5} × {2, 4,6,8}
X × Y = {2,3, 4,5} × {2, 4,6,8} = {2, 2} ,{2, 4} ,{2,6} ,{2,8} ,
= {2, 2} ,{2, 4} ,{2,6} ,{2,8} , {3, 2} ,{3, 4} ,{3,6} ,{3,8} ,
{3, 2} ,{3, 4} ,{3,6} ,{3,8} , {4, 2} ,{4, 4} ,{4,6} ,{4,8} ,
{4, 2} ,{4, 4} ,{4,6} ,{4,8} , {5, 2} ,{5, 4} ,{5,6} ,{5,8}
{5, 2} ,{5, 4} ,{5,6} ,{5,8}
29- Function: 
29
Ans. Suppose A and B are two non-empty sets A QR f : A → B  Í C ,BA v ›Ì ¢   4

then relation f : A → B is called function
if (i) Dom f = set A (ii) ∀x ∈ A we can ÐÑÒbÃÏf'Ax Dom f = A 4
associate some unique image element 3ÓÔ Õ0%Ö
y = f (x) ∈ B .
Example:
"#

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

R = {( 0,1) , (1, 2 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 3, 4 )} R = {( 0,1) , (1, 2 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 3, 4 )}

Dom R = {0,1, 2,3} Dom R = {0,1, 2,3}
Range R = {1, 2,3, 4} Range R = {1, 2,3, 4}

30- Into Function: KLM
30

Ans. A function f : A → B is called an into b   0B 4  A QR × }Ø f : A → B  QR b

function if at least one element in B is
not an image of some element of set A. 3Ù0ÓÔ eAvÓÔ
Example: f = {( 0,1) , (1,1) , ( 2,3) , ( 3, 2 )}
"#
f = {( 0,1) , (1,1) , ( 2,3) , ( 3, 2 )}

31- Onto Function: KLN
31

Ans. A function f : A → B is called an onto ӏ0Bv4AQR×}Ú f : A → B QRb

Ô
function if every element of set B is an
image of at least one element of set A. 3Ù0ÓÔ b   Av
Example:
"#
A = {1, 2,3, 4,0} and B = {1, 2,3, 4,5} A = {1, 2,3, 4,0} and B = {1, 2,3, 4,5}

32- One-one Function: LL
32

Ans. A function f : A → B is called one-one Av4A QR}} f : A → B  QRb

function if all distinct elements of A

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

have distinct images in B. 3'BvÙ}0ª*¼

Example:
A = {0,1, 2,3} and B = {1, 2,3, 4} B = {1, 2,3, 4}  A = {0,1, 2,3}
"#

33- Bijective Function: OP
33

Ans. A rule f : A → B is called bijective     f QR4AQRÛ7s f : A → B

function if function f is one-one and
onto. 3×
Example: B = {2,3, 4,5}  A = {1, 2,3, 4}
"#
A = {1, 2,3, 4} and B = {2,3, 4,5}

Chapter No. 06 06



34- Frequency Distribution: % Q
34
Ans. A frequency distribution is a tabular ( Ü8 ;<Ý ' Þ$"ß àp b á8  *Ì

arrangement classifying data into
different group. 3`lk
Example:
"#
Five coins are tossed 20 times and the
3,4,2,3,3,5,2,2,2,1,1,2,1,4,2,2,3,3,4,2
number of heads recorded at each toss
are given below: X äå âãM
3,4,2,3,3,5,2,2,2,1,1,2,1,4,2,2,3,3,4,2 1 3
III
X Tally Marks Frequency
2 IIII III 8
1 III 3
2 IIII III 8 3 IIII 5
3 IIII 5 4 3
III
4 III 3 5 1
5 1 I
I
35- Class Limits: RST
35
Ans. (a) The minimum and maximum values (&   æ¡ b `  ç   ' 4  èé  a


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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

define for a class or group are called 8 \ (ƒ  ê ëé ìí  8 \ æ¡ $ 4 5 3(ƒ
class limits.
(b) The real class limits of a class is 3`lêëé7îs
called class boundary. It is obtained .8êëé7îs.êëéï.'èée b
by adding two successive class limits
and dividing the sum by 2. 3Aið êëé
(c) For a given class the average of that 5ñ  : 3 Aið }ò ëé 8 ó ô~   èé e c
class obtained by dividing (mid-
point) or the sum of upper and lower  ;< k  2 < õ 8 ê ëé 7îs  ìí  $
class limit by 2, is called the mid- 3Agh
point or class mark of that class.
(d) The total frequency up to an upper $ö4e3AijÐ÷0( Ü÷00 Üøù d
class limit or boundary is called the 3`l Üøù8 Üú4*¼ ê7îs
cumulative frequency.
36- Histogram: UV:
36
Ans. A histogram is a graph of an adjacent Ai  ý  þ–xy 8 I  A Ã4 0 Á û ü0

rectangles constructed on xy-plane.
Example: 3
X (No. of X) Frequency
"#
0 1 X (No. of X) Frequency
1 3 0 1
2 8 1 3
2 8
37- Arithmetic Mean: WXY
37
Ans. Arithmetic mean is a measure that k  Ü $ 
 8 ù  
   \   

determines a value of the variable under
study by dividing the sum of all values 3gh;<
of the variable by then number. ∑X
X=
î
∑X n
Formula: X =
n
38- Geometric Mean: WZ[
38
th
Ans. Geometric mean of a variable x is the n 
n    ˆ $x  e

positive root of the product of the
x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n observation. A  n th  0   gh  x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n
1
3
Formula: G.M {x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n } n 1
G.M {x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n } n
î
39- Harmonic Mean: W\N]
39
Ans. Harmonic mean refers to the value  
x , x , x ,..., x    \   Ú

1 2 3 n
obtained by reciprocating the mean of
the reciprocal of x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n 3gh056
observations.

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

n n
Formula: H.M = H.M =
î
1 1
∑ ∑
x x
40- Mode: ^
40
Ans. Mode is defined as the most frequent 31›;Ús ' e  +

occurring observation of the variable or
f m − f1
data. += l + × h
î
f m − f1 2f m − f1 − f 2
Formula: Mode = l + ×h
2f m − f1 − f 2
41- Median: _`
41
Ans. Median is the measure which determines 3A<0
ô~ $ eb

the middlemost observation in a data set.
h n 
h n   = l +  − c 
î
Formula: Median = l +  − c  f 2 
f 2 
42- Dispersion: a
42
Ans. Dispersion means the spread or 3`aB0
 ' e' œ

scatterness of observation in a data set.
These also helps in comparing two sets
in data.
1- Range
2- variance
43- Range: b
43
Ans. Range measures the extent of variation 3`l8LM$
æ¡(ƒ

between two extreme observations of a
data set. It is given by the formula:  = x max − x min = x m − x 0
î
Range = x max − x min = x m − x 0
44- Variance: c,
44
Ans. Variance is defined as the mean of the _ 8,'  e \ 

squared deviation of x i (i = 1, 2,....)
k Ü$
}8ù},”
observations from their arithmetic mean.
Formula: 3gh;<
∑(X − X) 2
∑(X − X) 2
Variance of X = S2 =  0 X = S = 2

î
n n
45- Deviation: de
45
Ans. A deviation is defined as ‘a difference of 3AiðÃ8LM2e

any value of the variable from any
constant’. Formula: D i = X i − A D i = X i − A
î
46- Standard Deviation: de 
46
Ans. Standard deviation is defined as the   '  e   G  0 \ 5 à ()


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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

positive square root of mean of the 3gh;<k Ü$
$}8,

squared deviations of x i (i = 1, 2,...., n)
∑(X − X) 2
observations from their arithmetic mean. S.S =
î
n
∑(X − X) 2
Formula: S.S =
n
47- fghi Qjk
47
Ans. 3Ã4n k( Üøù§îd( Üøù

Chapter No. 07 07


48- Degree: lm
48
Ans. If we divide the circumference of a circle  %  C ì< k ' ,@ || 360 8   %  4

into 360 equal arcs. Then the angle o
subtended at the centre of the circle by 1 85`l(4b8  !5@b"
one arc is called one degree and is 3#ì<¯
o
denoted by1 .
49- Radian: no
49
Ans. The angle subtended at the centre of the %   5  ||  5   %  7$ $ I 5@ b

circle by an arc, whose length is equal to
the radius of the circle, is called one 3%¿&$  !"
radius. π
= rad
î
π 180
Formula: = rad
180
50- Relationship between Radian and Degree Measures: pq lmno
50
Ans. o
1 =
π
rad ≈ 0.0175Rad 1o =
π
rad ≈ 0.0175Rad

180 180
o
180 o 180o
1Rad = ≈ 57.295 1Rad = ≈ 57.295o
π π
51- Relationship between Angle, Arc Length and Radius: pqrs tu
51
Ans. Relationship between central angle and l = rθ { ' l  7$ $ 5@ $ %   θ :  ("

arc length of a circle.
Formula: l = rθ 3²
l = rθ
î
52- Area of a circular sector: v:fw x
52

3A|| r 2θA '0§((


Ans. Area of a circular sector: 1
1 2
Formula: A = r 2θ
2 1
A = r 2θ
î
2
53- Co-terminal Angles: ysz{|
53
Ans. Two or more than two angles with the ,)b s*+ s7,P       

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

same initial and terminal sides are called 3`a -.8

co-terminal angles.
Examples:
"#

54- Standard Position:
    ys
54

Ans. A general angle is said to be in standard $ þ x ' (/  s 7,    01 5 0   e 4

position if its vertex is at the origin and
its initial side is directed along the 3²'Þ(): 2'3
positive direction of the x-axis of a
"#
rectangular coordinate system.
Formula:

55- Quadrantal Angle: ys}
55

Ans. An angle is called a quadrantal angle, if  8    C  þ y  þ x  s *+ 0   e 4

its terminal side lies on the x-axis or y-
axis. 3`l:
Example:
"#

56- Arc: ~N
56

Ans. A part of the circumference of a circle is 3A(Arc)5@40% e

called an arc.

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

Example:
"#

57- Segment of a Circle: x€
57

Ans. A part of the circle bounded by an arc 3A  54ô~ 05@n% e

and a chord is called segment of a circle.
Example:
"#

58- Sector of a Circle: xfw
58

Ans. A part of the circle bounded by the two 3`l  §(86ô~ 5@b, 

radii and an arc is called sector of the
circle.
"#
Example:

Chapter No. 08 08


‚
59- Projection: M ƒ

59
Ans. The projection of a given point on a line 78 89:C;i< 8=5; bóe

is the foot of ⊥ drawn from the point on ?
Ø @
3`l> 0
that line. However the projection of
given point P on a line AB is the point P
"#
itself.
Example:

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60- Zero Dimension:  „
60

?
Ans. The projection of a finite line on another  >Ø @  AB  = 5 %&  e 0 CD  = 5 ; 

line is the portion of the latter intercepted
between the projection of ends of the }~  D 8 9:F ó C 8 9: E ó  EF 
given finite line. However projection of a 3A
vertical line is the join of these two
intersecting lines which is of zero
"#
dimension.
Example:

61- Obtuse Angle: rs†‡
61

Ans. An angle which is greater than 90o is  rs0ABC: ŸD'E:FGDe

K
called obtuse angle. IX Y JLMN
'§ } 'H  O  Pù,§
?
3Œ>Ø @%& 5b
62- Right Angle: rsˆ‰
62
Ans. An angle which is equal to 90o is called 3A: QR0 90o : b

right angle.
Example:
"#

63- Acute Angle: rsŠ
63

Ans. An angle which is less than 90 is called  §   rs  0 A BC  :  h ' E e

o
K
acute angle. IX Y JLMN
 ' §   }  ' H  O     ù  ,

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations
?
3Œ>Ø @%& b
Chapter No. 09 09


64- Circle: x
64
Ans. A circle is the locus of a moving point P VW b  (/ S 0 P Ã4 0 TU  (/ *¼ }

in a plane which is equidistant from
some fixed point N. The fixed point N 3A  ||ó
not lying on the circle is called the centre
"#
and the constant distance PN is called its
radius.
Example:

65- Circumference: ‹:Œx
65

Ans. 2πr is the circumference of a circle with 3A 2πr 05Cr5 0%

radius r.
Example:
"#

66- Circular Area: v:Œx
66

Ans. 3A πr2 '05Cr5 0%

2
πr is the circular area of a circle with
radius.
67- Collinear Points: Ž]
67
Ans. The points lying on the same line are   XC, YZ=
Ø ÒbTU [ [

collinear points.
3`lTU=
68- Circumcircle: x‘
68
Ans. The circle paving through the vertices of 3A   Ï]  î;\,E

a triangle is called its circumcircle where
⊥ bisector of sides of the triangle
provides the centre.

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

Chapter No. 10 10



69- Secant: =‰
69
Ans. A secant is a straight line which cuts the ^  TU ª   8   %    Z =
Ø  2 b = °R

circumference of a circle in two distinct
points. 3A<
Example:
"#

70- Tangent: 0
70

Ans. A tangent to a circle is the straight line ó b ÃÏ 8   %    = 2 b 5“ 0 %

which meets the circumference at one suur
point only being produced does not cut it 35“0% AB ='_3A<`aN
at all. The point of tangencysuuis r also
"#
known as the point of contact. AB is the
tangent line to the circle.
Example:

71- Length of a Tangent: ’ 0
71

Ans. The length of a tangent to a circle is 3%b5“óóôce% 7$$5“

measured from the given point to the
point of contact.
Chapter No. 12 12


72- Sector: “
72
T Ø  5@ ô~  $ }  f ˆ     %

Ans. The sector of a circle is an area bounded dF  e
by any two radii and the arc intercepted
between them. 3Ag0%
73- Central Angle: rs tu
73
Ans. A central angle is subtended by two radii 3Œ5@b, "% : ("

at the centre of the circle.

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

74- Circumangle: rs‘
74

Ans. Any two chords of a circle having !}h óSu n  78%

common point on its circumference.
3A:  Ï]: î
75- Chord: $:Œx
75
Ans. The join of any two points on the An 0% =5î! ;i 8TU 78

circumference of the circle is called its
chord. 3
˜
76- Cyclic Quadrilateral: |”•–—A™š
76
Ans. A quadrilateral is called cyclic when a j i <    , ,k  I   lmnX ·opq 8r 

circle can be drawn through its four
vertices. 3
77- In-centre: tu›
77
Ans. In-centre of a triangle is the centre of a 3`l"s8"  sE

circle inscribed in a triangle.
Chapter No. 13 13


78- Circle: x
78
Ans. A circle is locus of a moving point in a  ;t  7 u e 8 0    0 5  e

plane which is equidistant from a fixed
point. The fixed point is called “centre” 3`l"0% 8óu3jij(Trace)v.
of the circle.
79- Radius: 
79
Ans. The distance from the centre of the circle 3A5 S0bóe"%

to any point on the circle is called radius
of the circle.
80- Perimeter: œŠ
80
Ans. The perimeter of a closed geometric 3AwhPù0,x$$§*¼_e$(yz

figure is the sum of its sides.
81- Circumference: ‹
81
Ans. The perimeter or length of the boundary 3`l87${Ô $5@%

of the circle is called the circumference.
82- Diameter: 
82
Ans. A chord which passes through the centre 3A|05nî;\"%

of the circle is called diameter of the
circle.
83- Arc: 
83
Ans. A part of circumference of a circle is 3A5@4b0%

called an arc.
84- Triangle: ž
84

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 The Hope 10th Math Important Definations

Ans. A plane figure formed by three straight f`lE8_›!=f( }¢[


edges as its sides is called a triangle.
3`a§5=
85- Polygon: fghi
85
Ans. A plane figure with three or more l §î d 8 _ 7 (~  = f   [  [

straight edges is called polygon.
3`
86- Regular Polygon: fghiŸ 
86
Ans. A figure bounded by equal straight lines d €  , ||    § *¼  I §î d ‘

which has all its angles equal is called a
regular polygon. 3§î
87- Vertices: 
87
Ans. The corners of a polygon are called its 3`l58óSu, e§îd

vertices.
88- Locus: x‘
88
Ans. The path of an object moving according A   Ï]  A\  , *¼  §î d e  

to some rule, is the locus of the object.
3§îds§îdÇ% 
89- Circumscribed: x¡¢
89
Ans. If a circle passes through all the vertices 8§;‡ƒ rsôc8AbEe 

of a polygon the circle is said to be
circumscribed about the polygon and the 3A  ‚i %<`aNÉôÇ
polygon is said to be inscribed in the
circle.
90- Escribed Circle: x‘
90
Ans. If a circle touches one side of triangle 3A  Ï]  î;\,E

externally and the other two produced
sides internally is called escribed circle.
91- Circumcircle: x›
91
Ans. The circle passing through the vertices of   s   î;<`aNÉôÇ8§,ƒE

triangle ABC is known as circumcircle.
Its radius as circumradius and centre as l 5  s 8 5   " s 8 "  5 3  A
circumcentre. 3`
92- In-Circle:
Ans. A circle which touches the three sides of
a triangle internally is known as in-
circle. Its radius as in-radius and centre
as in-centre.

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