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NAME OF THE General Education Course

PROGRAM
COURSE TITLE The Contemporary World COURSE CODE SOC102
PREREQUISITE/ CO- None COURSE UNIT 3 units
REQUISITE
COURSE OUTCOME CO2: Explain the variances of globalization and evaluate how
globalization became a world-wide phenomenon.
MODULE 1 Defining Globalization
LESSON LEARNING After successful completion of this module, you should be able
OUTCOME/S to:
a. Distinguish the different types of globalization; and
b. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of
globalization.
TOPICS a. Types of Globalization
b. Advantages of Globalization
c. Disadvantages of Globalization

▪ LESSON PROPER

Last time, we discussed the different working definitions of globalization. One of

those defined globalization as the process of interaction and integration among the
people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by
international trade and investment and aided by information technology
(Globalization101.org). Now, let us find out how this definition will be evident by
distinguishing the types of globalization.

Types of Globalization
1. Financial Globalization - it refers to the ease at which money can be spread
around the world.
Key Features: inter-connected financial systems
Example: stocks exchange and banking
PRO: inter-connectivity and technology = fast access to universal markets and
up-rise to money worth
CON: a downturn in one market can affect the whole world
1 U.S. Dollar = 56.79 Php PESO
If the Philippines would manage to bear with the global demands,
and 1 Peso became equal to 1 U.S. Dollar, you can spend it into:
Php 0.02 Centavos = Candy
Php 0.18 Centavos = Transportation
Php 1.00 = 1 Regular Meal in Jollibee
Php 100.00 = 1 P5,000 worth of Cellphone

2. Economic Globalization – it refers to the ways corporations do business as

multinational organizations nowadays.
Key Features: Before, local micro business owners were stuck within the
locality, but today, sales can increase through global market.
Example: Local Products exported Internationally
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PRO: Increase in customers and sales

CON: increased difference between “haves” and “have nots” (increased social
demands) and leads the corporation to have more power than countries.

3. Technological Globalization - refers to the spread of technology around the

world.
Key Features: the “Global Village” has expanded to every corner of the globe
Example: communication, transaction and entertainment
PRO: fast and efficient development and financial growth
CON: third-world countries’ growth are slower

4. Political Globalization - refers to the diplomatic negotiations between nation-

states. It includes the standardization of global rules around trade, criminality,
and the rule of law.
Key Features: the uniformity of policies
Example: safety and assurance; international rule of law
PRO: convenience, strong ties
CON: pressure and drastic changes to third-world countries

5. Cultural Globalization - refers to the spread and mixing of cultures around the
world.
Key Features: harmonization of world culture
Example: eventually have the same taste (in living, in music, food, and values)
PRO: there will be equal treatment
CON: loss of world cultural diversity, western culture can be of conflict with
some traditions or belief in religion

6. Sociological Globalization - refers to the integration of our societies.

Key Features: having a “single-world” society
Example: accepting social differences
PRO: harmony in daily interaction
CON: None

7. Ecological Globalization - refers to the idea that the world needs to be

considered one interconnected ecosystem.
Key Features: the planet must be treated as a single ecosystem rather than
separate
Example: restoration and protection of forests and animals
PRO: global warming safety
CON: None

8. Geographical Globalization - refers to the idea that the world is no longer

seen as groups of distinct nations as much as it once was.
Key Features: a borderless world
Example: no imposition of power
PRO: a peaceful and a fulfilling world
CON: Vulnerability

Remember:

The 8 types of globalization are not as distinct as you might first think. One type of
globalization may have similar characteristics of another and they may influence one
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another. You could think of these ‘types’ as a venn diagram where features overlap
rather than distinct silos. Getting your head around this can prevent a lot of confusion
around which aspect of globalization fits within which definition – it may fit within
multiple.

Advantages of Globalization
1. Globalization helps the world to focus on progress.
Having presence of a global need, any economy may fulfill these needs by
participating and joining the global market in production of goods, services or
programs for development.
2. It would stabilize global currencies to create an equal playing field.
Meeting the needs of a country equally, may help create more equal playing/
earning field for everyone.
1 Kuwait dinar= U.S. $3.30 (both from
1 Bahraini dinar = U.S. $ 2.65 middle-east)
3. We can use our resources as one planet instead of one nation with
globalization.
For instance:
It costs $30 Billion per year to solve the world problem for hunger.
It is only 5% of what the United States currently spends on defense.
4. Globalization could reduce human trafficking and labor exploitation.
Work opportunities across borders that are open for Filipino workers will
decrease the rate of unemployment and increase their standard of living.
5. It could prevent governments from creating repressive legislation.
Equality is peacefully served through globalization. Many countries are now given
their equal rights to participate and enjoy the global world.
6. We can communicate better because of globalization.
Because of the Internet, it is easier to communicate with other people all over the
world today. This has also created new business opportunities even with a time-
zone that is 12 hours away.
7. Globalization creates more opportunities for trade.
If the global world will offer fewer borders or obstacles for trade such as lesser
taxes and tariffs, then everyone will have more access to unique goods and
services that are available in various regions of the globe. It could make some
items to be potentially cheaper also.

Disadvantages of Globalization
1. Globalization can leave some cultures behind.
It is not the wealthiest countries who are solely affected by this problematic issue.
The developing world may get left behind if they isolate instead of integrate as
the world moves forward.
2. It could create adverse impacts for the global environment.
The countries that have gone through the industrial revolution have created the
issues with greenhouse gas emissions that 90+% of scientists around the world
believe are a significant contributor to the processes of global warming.
3. Each culture could be asked to change how they define themselves.
National borders are not the only boundaries that humans set for themselves as
they go about the business of daily life. We also set limits on our cultural identity,
ethnicity and family environment. But, with the presence of globalization, the
mark of being a “Filipino” may already have been lost or have been just the same
with the neighboring countries and culture.
4. Globalization would temporarily reduce high-paying jobs.
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As there would be a surge of employment in the places of the world where the
cost of living is lower, it will be a threat to employees with high paid income
versus low-income applicants. Since some corporations may choose to hire low-
income applicants (but with the same skills) for their workforce as part of saving.
5. There is also a chance that globalization would only help the wealthy.
The people who have the power today are the ones who will drive the emphasis
for globalization to become a reality. They are the ones who will create policies,
legislation, and frameworks that will bring the world closer together.
6. It could create health issues for human populations.
Imagine a world anyone can travel at any time to whatever location they choose.
The lack of borders would certainly promote a level of freedom in our world that
we have never seen before in history. It could also create problems with disease
transfers that could impact the entire society.

▪ SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

Learn more about the types, advantages and disadvantages of globalization through these
sources:
https://helpfulprofessor.com/types-of-globalization/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdIuVvTVxWs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-eHj6bVU8w

▪ REFERENCES

Aldama, P.K. (2018). The Contemporary World. Rex Bookstore.

Anderson, B. (2010). Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams. Routledge.
Barroso, P. (2021). Contemporary World -Society: From the Globalization of Communication to the
Communicational Globalization of the World. Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu
Case, W. (2002). Politics in Southeast Asia: Democracy or Less. Psychology Press.
Claudio, L. & Abinales, P. (2018). The Contemporary World. C&E Publishing, Inc.
Cuterela, S. (2012). Globalization: Definition, Processes and Concepts. National Defense University.
Clausen, A. (2010). Economic Globalization and Regional Disparities in the Philippines. Singapore
Journal of Tropical Geography.
Drew, C. (2021). 8 Types of Globalization. Helpful Professor. https://helpfulprofessor.com/types-of-
globalization/
Falkner, R. (2011). International Political Economy. The London School of Economics and Political
Science.
Globalization | National Geographic Society. (n.d.). National Geographic.
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/globalization/
Hefti, A.M. (N.D.). The Philippines: Globalization and Migration. N.P.
Lim, A.A. (N.D.). Globalization: Its Impact on the Philippine Environment. Central Philippine
University.
Orbeta, A.C. (2002). Globalization and Employment: The Impact of Trade on Employment Level and
Structure in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
Patalinghug, E. (2003). Globalization and State Capacity: The Philippines. Philippine Institute for
Development Studies
Sheffield, J., Korotayev, A. & Grinin, L. (2013). Globalization: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.
Litchfield Park, AZ, USA.
What Is Globalization? (2022, June 29). Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/globalization.asp
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