EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT TO BROILER’S

GROWTH PERFORMANCE

A Short-Term Research Submitted to the Faculty

of Agriculture- Animal Science

AS1- Introduction to Animal Science

December 2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Experimental research has become a meaningful of our educational journey.

It did not only give us ideas and knowledge, but also it taught us principles on how to
be persistent, patience, hardworking, respectful towards others, and especially on
applying camaraderie to surpass every challenge; not only in this major subject but
also in real life.

This venture of ours would not have been possible without the assistance of
other people. We hope that this part may serve as a way to extend our deepest and
warmest gratitude within our hearts.

To our Almighty Father, who is always there at our side, who gives us
knowledge and strength to face every challenge we face during the period of
research and in our life.

To our research instructor, Mr. Richard Maravillas, for sharing his knowledge
and experiences in order for us to gain better understanding of this subject. Also, for
always challenging us to become better and to be serious to our studies. We may
part ways but you will always have a space in our hearts.

To our Families, who give us their full support financially, emotionally, and
morally both in calm and rigid times.

To Jeric Margate, for keeping an eye on our broilers during the period of
experiment whenever we were not around and to the school for letting us use the
farm and some equipment.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The significant growth in poultry (especially broiler chicken) production and

consumption in the developing countries has important implications for the global
trading of all meat products, as well as feeds and related inputs (Landes et al.,
2018). Poultry production is one of the most effective ways to achieve sustainable
and rapid production of high quality meat to meet the demand for animal protein
(Kasapidou et al., 2018). However, poultry production has been hampered by many
enteric diseases and weight gain specially in the broilers, this problem possess many
o conduct research and experiment in different plants and herbs and of these is the
supplementing of papaya leaf extract (Patra et al., 2022).

The Improved performance of the broilers as level of papaya leaf extract in

the diets increased may be closely related to its crude protein content and its
relatively low fibre and could also be that the papain in pawpaw leaf extract did aid
protein digestion thus enhancing the release of free amino acids necessary to
enhance growth. This view is in line with earlier view of (Gonzalez and Angelez,
2022), that papain is an effective natural digestive aid which breaks down protein
and cleanses the digestive tract to improve it’s immunity. Papaya is a palm-like soft-
stemmed, green tree. It is a rich source of three powerful antioxidant (Vitamin C, A
and vitamin E) it has an anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-
bacterial properties (Ranasenghe et al., 2019). Papaya leaf extract has
immunostimulant effect that activates the cell mediated immune response and
therefore, creates an enhanced response to any future challenges occurred by
disease organisms. So, the feeding of papaya leaves to immunosuppressed broilers
increased their humoral and cell mediate immune responses (Sadekar et al., 2021).
Papaya leaf is also consumed by birds, and animals especially in the tropics. It acts
as blood purifier, uterus toner and prevent atherosclerosis in the broiler that helps
them build their muscles and improve their growth development (Erasto et al., 2021).
Among the many research conducted, one of them gain an agreement result of
Chakarverty and Prasad (2019), who reported that boilers fed on diet containing
papaya leaf extract, had higher body weight gain. Similar findings have been
reported by Tipu et al. (2022), another report from Onyimonyi, et al. (2019) that
papaya leaf extract improved the weight gain of the broilers. The performance of
birds supplement papaya showed significantly better result as compared to control
group. In overall, Papaya leaf extract possess wide range of medicinal properties like
antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, hepatoprotective and various other
properties without showing any adverse effects (Kale et al., 2020).

Hypothesis

There is no significant effects and contribution of supplementing papaya leaf

extract on broiler’s growth performance.

Objectives

1. To determine the effects of supplementing papaya leaf extracts to broiler’s

growth performance.

2. To determine the effective contributions of papaya leaf extract on growth

performance of broilers

3. To determine the cost-benefit analysis of supplementing papaya leaf

extract on growth performance of broilers.

Scope and Delimitation

This research design is quantitative experimental research design which

involves 45 chicken broilers. The papaya leaf extract will be used as
supplementation to the broilers. The experiment will be done at Davao Oriental State
University-CEC for a duration of 1month.
 CHAPTER II

Nutritive Value of Papaya Leaf Extract

Papaya (Carica papaya) is a native plant commonly cultivated in tropical

countries due to its popular taste and high nutritive value (Gha et al., 2019) Papaya
leaves also contains vitamins (vitamin A, and B vitamins most especially B12),
minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese, iron), saponins
cardiac glycosides and alkaloids respective which may play an important role in
curing thrombocytopenia, it is low in calories, and has an enzyme that is useful in
tenderizing meat and for treatment of indigestion in broilers, Animal Health and
Production (2019). Another report by ElMoussaoui, et al. (2020), papaya leaves
contain several and alkaloids with important pharmaceutical and industrial
applications. The extract has anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-
bacterial properties and in addition to this, it has nephro-protective and hepato-
protective activity against toxins, hypoglycaemic and hypolipedemic effects. It also
has anti-sickling properties in sickle cell disease that will strengthen the broilers
immune system. Papaya leaf extract has potential health benefits including
immunostimulant properties, antioxidant effects, and anti-bacterial activity (Kale et
al., 2019). Studies from Burkill, (2021) shown that papaya leaf extract can stimulate
the immune system and enhance antibody production, it also exhibits antimicrobial
effects, making it effective against pathogens causing diseases in fish and bacterial
isolates of Rifampicin-Resistant TB strain.

Nutritive Value of PLE as food supplement

Papaya has diverse biological functions due to the high content of proteolytic
enzymes such as chymopapain, papain and papaya peptidase which have
antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties (Maisarah et al., 2019), and are there
by extensively used in human traditional and alternative of medicine. Papaya leaf
contains a proteolytic enzyme that helps to digestion of protein (Oloruntola et al.,
2018). In poultry, papaya seed and leaf both have been used generally for medicinal
action as well as phytogenic additive in the diet of poultry instead of the synthetic
chemicals and reducing the unnecessary cost of medicine (Valenzuela-Grijalva et
al., 2019). Some studies already evaluated that both papaya seed and leaf meal that
have been incorporated in diets of poultry as protein supplement as well herbal
proteolytic enzymes to enhance digestibility of ingested feed in the tract, thereby
accelerating growth, boost up immune response and well-being of birds (Nideou et
al., 2022). Moreover, the antioxidant properties of papaya leaf have been
documented that partly contribute to enhanced growth performance and improved
immunity in poultry (Sugiharto, 2020). Another study, enzymes in papaya seed and
leaf were also responsible for the improved performance, digestibility and antioxidant
status of the animal (Oloruntila et al., 2018). Additionaly, Khadr and Abdel-Fattah
(2020) stated that extracted leaf of papaya has been widely used in the treatment of
various diseases for centuries throughout the world. It was showed that modulate
cholesterol level in broiler serum which reflects the level in broiler meat and
consequently improve its quality for human nutrition.

Nutritive Value of PLE on broilers

As an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters, medicinal plants are the most
popular options. The high cost of poultry feed today in Nigeria, is occasioned by the
high cost of feed ingredients that supply the required protein and energy and
exacerbated by the keen contest between man and animal for the same ingredients
like maize, soybean, fish etc. There is, therefore, need to combat this ugly scenario
by exploiting the potentials in non-conventional feed ingredients such as leaf meals
that have high nutritional values and at the same time, most times wasted, such as
paw-paw leaf. Leaf meal supplementation have been included into the diets of
poultry as means of reducing cost of conventional protein sources and to improve
protein margin (Mmereole et al.,2018). Papaya leaves are good source of vitamins,
minerals, antioxidants and enzymes which provide aid in digestion of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats and overcome the microbial load and used as a growth promoter
and antibiotic in broiler performance many researchers used this experiment on
broilers, and one study from Olugbenga David Oloruntola (2019) Papaya leaf extract
has a potential to improve the nutritive value to broilers and according to his studies,
papaya leaf extract has a positive effects on growth performance, carcass
characteristics, and meat quality of broilers.
 Along the research, Agboola et al., (2019) discover that papaya leaf
contributed to the pigmentation of the blood, which recorded highest concentration of
RBC, hemoglobin, platelets and PCV in the supplemented trial. Several studies also
shows that better growth performance, immune response could be achieved in
broilers supplemented with papaya leaf Oloruntola et al., (2018). It is conceivable
that the nutritive and phytogenic potentials of the papaya leaf could be used as a
growth promoter in broiler chicken feed. Hematological and serum biochemistry
assay of livestock can show the physiological disposition of animals to nutrition,
meaning that they can be a reflection of the physiological responsiveness of animals
to feed and feeding Oloruntola et al., (2018). In addition, deviation in the relative
internal organ weight of animals has been reported to be indicative of a possible
response of their internal organs to toxins in their feed (Ayodele et al., 2018).
Therefore, the assessment of the effect of enzymes and pawpaw leaf meal on the
performance, carcass, physiological status of the animals, especially the hematology
and serum biochemistry, is important. Additionally, several studies mentioned that
papaya leaf extract had positive effect on weight gain and feed conversion ratio, feed
intake, dressing percentage and weight of different internal organs of broilers
(Durrani et al., 2021). Taken together, the results of (Nideou et al., 2022) indicate
that papaya leaf extract in drinking water can be supplemented as phytobiotic
additive to accelerate growth and improve health status of broiler chickens without
any adverse effect.

PLE Effect on Carcass quality of broilers

Papaya leaf extract (PLE) supplementation in drinking water for broiler chickens has
been studied in several research papers. According to Shad M.A., Nawaz H., Rehma
(2020) papaya leaf extract can improve broiler chicken growth performance, carcass
features, meat quality, and serum biochemistry parameters. It has been discovered
that PLE supplementation leads to non-significantly higher body weight, weight gain,
and broiler production efficiency factor (BPEF) in terms of growth performance when
compared to control groups. Harborne J.B.,(2020) demonstrated that papaya leaf
extract enhances the organoleptic quality of joper chicken meat; at ideal
concentrations, PLE produces meat with the right color, flavor, texture, tenderness,
and acceptance. Furthermore, it has been discovered that supplementing the diet of
broiler chickens with enzymes and pawpaw leaf meal (PLM) enhances the nutrients'
digestibility, improves body weight gain, platelet count, and serum lipid profiles.
Furthermore, studies have shown that adding pawpaw leaf meal (PLM) and enzyme
supplements to broiler chicken diets improves the nutrients' ability to be digested, the
birds' body weight gain, slaughter weight, platelet count, and serum lipid profiles
(Olukosi O.A., Bedford M.R., Adeola O., 2021). According to the study of Kahkonen
M.P., Hopia A.I., Heinonen M., (2019) broiler chickens' feed consumption, body
weight gain, and feed conversion were all enhanced when fermented papaya leaf
flour was added as a feed additive. In summary, these investigations indicate that
papaya leaf flour and extract may be safe and helpful additions for broiler chickens,
helping them grow and producing better-tasting meat.
 CHAPTER III

METHODS AND MATERIALS

The research locale, research design,

Research Locale

The research experiment of effects of supplementing papaya leaf extract to broiler’s

growth performance was conducted at Davao Oriental State University-Cateel
Extension Campus, Mahan-ob, Cateel, Davao Oriental, 8205. The site has a latitude
of 7 degree Celsius 46’ 59.99” N and longitude of 1267 degree Celsius 26 ’59.99” E.
The climate of the area has a tropical rainforest with a heavy to very heavy rainfall in
December to January.

Procurement of Stocks and Materials

 Ten-day-old broiler chicks from Sitio Cogon, San Rafael, Cateel, Davao
Oriental, were produced, and the Bobong T. Store local feed store provided the
finisher feed. For the purpose of the experiment, a light bulb that evenly distributes
the necessary amount of heat over a sizable area for 50 chicks was purchased from
Marcada Hardware.

Establishing of Housing

The housing for experimental broilers is strategically using sturdy wood sticks,
the floor also made of woody sticks to ensure the proper ventilation and a suitable
environment for the broilers to thrive. The wood stick structure allows for adequate
airflow, preventing the buildup of stagnant air promoting a healthier, more
comfortable living space for the broilers. Furthermore, Femi 2019, stated that it is
essential to maintain clean, hygienic environment for the broilers to drive in. The
reason why we will observe a more hygienic environment for the safety of our
broilers.

Preparation of Papaya Leaf Extract

Gather fresh papaya leaves first. Select vibrant, healthy leaves that show no
symptoms of deterioration. Thoroughly rinse the leaves under running water to get
rid of any debris or dirt. Put some papaya leaves in a blender and fill the blender with
the small amount of water, the desired consistency of the extract will determine how
much water you add. Tightly fit the blender’s lid, then blend the mixture on high
speed until it completely dissolve. After the mixture is well-blended, strain it through
cheesecloth or a fine sieve. By doing this, any solid particles will be eliminated,
producing a smooth extract. Gather the strained liquid and store it in a clean, lidded
container and distribute to the randomized experimental broilers.

Feeding and Management Procedures

Every experimental bird was raised in a deep litter enclosure with adequate
ventilation and consistent management practices. The birds were given clean
drinking water and commercial starter feeds for experimentation when they were
between one and ten years old. Over the course of the next 12 days, the birds were
placed in their individual cages and given commercial feed and drinking water
containing papaya leaf extract to the experimental group and pure water to the
control group. Broilers were given integra 1 for 12 to 20 days, then integra 1 mixed
with integra 2 for 21–28 days, and integra 2 mixed with integra 3 for 29–35 days.

Experimental design

The experiment used Complete Random Design (CRD) containing different

papaya leaf extract levels in broilers drink. The experimental birds were divided into
three (3) treatment consisted of fifteen (15) broilers. The treatments were replicate
three (3) times with five (5) broilers per replication. The experimental diets were
formulated as (T1) as pure water without papaya leaf extract. The other two (2)
experimental diets (T2 and T3) were prepared to contain 100 ml and 125 ml of
papaya leaf extract.

Treatment 1= 1 liter of water (Control)

Treatment 2= 100 ml of papaya leaf extract

Treatment 3= 125 ml of papaya leaf extract

Experimental Layout

T2R1 T2R3 T3R2

T3R1 T2R2 T1R3

T3R3 T1R2 T1R1

Parameters Studied

The experimental birds were assigned at random to various treatments, water

containing varying concentrations of papaya leaf extract, and daily meals. The
information was gathered, weighed, and documented. Overall weight increase, total
feed consumed, average daily growth, feed conversion ratio, carcass quality sensory
evaluation, total cost per broiler produces, feed cost return, and statistical analysis.

Total Weight gain

Body weight gain of broiler were calculated as the difference between the final
weight which was determined at the 35 th day of bird and initial weight which was
taken properly recorded when they were 10 day-old, expressed as:

TWG= Final Weight (FW)- Initial Weight (IW)

Total Feeds Consumed

The total feeds consumed were calculated by the total feeds consumed given
to the broiler chicken during giving of experimental diet.

Average Daily Gain

The average daily gain of broiler was calculated by taking the total amount of
weight gain (Initial and Final Weight) by the broilers and dividing the weight by the
number of feeding days of the broilers since the last weight, expressed as:

ADG= Total Feed consumed

Total Weight Gained

Average Feed Conversion ratio

The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers was computed by dividing the total
weight of feed consumed by the total gained in weight by broilers.
Sensory Evaluation on Carcass Quality

At the conclusion of the experiment, three birds were chosen at random by

the researchers for each replication. The body was butchered, the feathers were
removed, and the heads, necks, and shanks were scaled in hot water for a minute.
The leftover carcasses were dissected all the way down to the breast and weighed in
accordance with protocol. Sensory evaluation is a scientific method used to evoke,
measure, analyse and. interpret those responses to products as perceived through
the senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste (Stone and Sidel 1993; IFT
2007).

Total Cost per Broiler Produce

This refers to the average total cost of broilers was equal to the total cost of
broilers which was divided by total kilogram broiler produce, expressed as:

ATC= Total Cost of Broilers

Total Kilogram Broiler produce

Return Over Feed Cost

The income from the solid bird on a live weight basis was subtracted from the
feed cost during the rearing period to determine the return over feed cost of broilers
fed with varying levels of papaya leaf extract. This result was expressed as:

ROFC= Solid Bird on Live Weight- Feed Cost

Statistical Analysis

The Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR), which is specifically

intended for use in agricultural research when significant differences are observed,
was utilized for the statistical analysis of the data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and
complete randomized designs (CRDs), which comprise four treatments by three
replications, were also applied to the data. To compare the treatment means,
Turkey's and post hoc tests were employed. Unless specified otherwise, all statistical
difference statements were predicated on p<0.05.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results and discussion are presented in this chapter. Discussions of

topics are arranged based on the calculated data. The following are the topic of
discussions; Initial weight, final weight, weight gain, average daily gain, average feed
conversion ratio, and total cost invest.

A. Initial weight

Treatments (papaya leaf extract) Initial weight Initial weight

of broilers means
T1R1- control group per liter of water 232 220.00
T1R2- control group per liter of water 216
T1R3- control group per liter of water 212
T2R1- 100 ml per liter of water 208 210.67
T2R2- 100 ml per liter of water 206
T2R3- 100 ml per liter of water 218
T3R1- 125 ml per liter of water 214 216.67
T3R2- 125 ml per liter of water 216
T3R3- 125 ml per liter of water 220
Table 2. Initial weight of broiler chicken that has not yet fed with
treatment with concentration.
 The data above shows the broiler’s initial weight and were scaled randomly.
Each group and replicate is composed of five birds or broilers. The first treatment
which is the control group means that they were only fed by commercial feeds and a
per liter of water. The control group has 3 replicate. The treatment 1 replicate 1’s
initial weight is 232 kg each broiler, while treatment 1 replicate 2’s initial weight is
216, and treatment 1 replicate 3’s initial

weight is 212. Moreover, treatment 2 means they were fed by commercial

feeds and a 100ml of papaya extract per liter of water. T2R1’s initial weight is
208, T2R2’s initial weight is 206, and T2R3’s initial weight is 218.
Furthermore, treatment 3 means they were fed by commercial feeds and a
125 ml of papaya leaf extract per liter of water. T3R1 has 214 initial weight,
while T3R2 has 216, and 220 for T3R3.

B. Final weight

Treatments (papaya leaf extract) Final weight Final

of broilers weight
means
T1R1- control group per liter of water 906 1079.33
T1R2- control group per liter of water 1,148
T1R3- control group per liter of water 1,184
T2R1- 100 ml per liter of water 1,266 1286.67
T2R2- 100 ml per liter of water 1,314
T2R3- 100 ml per liter of water 1,280
T3R1- 125 ml per liter of water 1,528 1402.67
T3R2- 125 ml per liter of water 1,294
T3R3- 125 ml per liter of water 1,386
Table 3. Final weight of broiler chicken that was fed with different
concentrations.

The data that was shown above were the final weight of broiler chicken.
According to the data above, birds that were given 125 ml of papaya leaf extract per
liter of water had the highest final weight out of 3 treatments, followed by treatment 2
which is a 100 ml of papaya leaf extract per liter of water and followed by the
treatment 1. In addition, the said statement is supported by Onyimonyi (2019), stated
that 125 ml of papaya leaf extract improved the broilers body weight gain and its
bitterness can prevent them from coughing. Moreover, Sugiharto (2020), observed
that the 100 ml of papaya leaf extract can improve the muscle of broilers. Since the
treatment 3 yielded

a mean of 1402.67, followed by treatment 2 which attained a mean of

1286.67, then the treatment 1 which posted a value of 1079.33 therefore there is a
significant difference between the three (3) treatments.

C. Weight gain

Treatments (papaya leaf extract) Total weight weight

gain of gain
broilers means
T1R1- control group per liter of water 647 850.33
T1R2- control group per liter of water 932
T1R3- control group per liter of water 972
T2R1- 100 ml per liter of water 1,058 1076.00
T2R2- 100 ml per liter of water 1,108
T2R3- 100 ml per liter of water 1,062
T3R1- 125 ml per liter of water 1,314 1186.00
T3R2- 125 ml per liter of water 1,078
T3R3- 125 ml per liter of water 1,166
Table 4. weight gain of broiler chicken

The table above shows the average total weight gain of broiler chicken.
According to the data above, birds that were given 125 ml of papaya leaf
 extract (T3) gained the highest total weight. The treatment 3 replicate 1
gained 1,314 total weight, treatment 3 replicate 2 had 1,078 weight gain, and
lastly, treatment 3 replicate 3 had 1,166 total of weight gain. Additionally,
treatment 2 which is the next that had the highest total of weight gain.
Treatment 2 replicate 1 gained 1,058 total weight, treatment 2 replicate 2 had
1,108 weight gain, and lastly, treatment 2 replicate 3 had 1,062 total of weight
gain. Moreover, the treatment 1 replicate 1 gained a total weight of 647, T1R2
gained a total weight of 932, and the T1R3 had 972 total of weight gain.

Asghar et al. (2016) and Sugiharto (2020), stated that the antioxidant
properties of papaya leaf and seed have been documented that partly contribute to
enhanced growth performance and improved immunity in poultry. Furthermore, table
4 shows the weight gain means of broilers. The means of treatment 3 attained a
mean of 1186.00, treatment 2 yielded a mean of 1076.00, and treatment 1 posted a
value of 850.33. Which means that there is a significant difference of supplementing
control group, 100 ml of PPLE, and 125 ml of PPLE on the total weight gain of
broilers.

D. Average daily gain

Treatments (papaya leaf extract) Average Average

daily gain of daily gain
broilers means
T1R1- control group per liter of water 18.49 1079.33
T1R2- control group per liter of water 26.63
T1R3- control group per liter of water 27.77
T2R1- 100 ml per liter of water 30.23 1286.67
T2R2- 100 ml per liter of water 31.66
T2R3- 100 ml per liter of water 30.34
T3R1- 125 ml per liter of water 37.54 1402.67
T3R2- 125 ml per liter of water 30.8
 T3R3- 125 ml per liter of water 33.31
Table 5. average daily gain of broilers

The table 5 presents the average amount of weight a chicken broiler gain
each day during the feeding period. Average daily gain was calculated by taking the
total amount of weight gain by the broilers and dividing the weight by the number of
feeding days of the broiler since the last weight. Based on the data that shown
above, treatment 3 had the highest total of average daily gain, followed by treatment
2, and then the treatment 1 which had the lowest total of average daily gain.
Furthermore, T3 attained a mean of 1402.67, T2 posted a value of 1286.67, and T1
yielded a mean of 1079.33. some studies already evaluated that both papaya seed
and leaf meal that have been incorporated in diets of poultry as protein supplement
as well herbal proteolytic enzymes to enhance digestibility of ingested feed in the
tract, thereby accelerating growth and boost up immune response and well-being of
birds (Nideou et al., 2017).

E. Average feed conversion ratio

Treatments (papaya leaf extract) Average AFCR

feed means
conversion
ratio
T1R1- control group per liter of water 0.87 24.30
T1R2- control group per liter of water 0.63
T1R3- control group per liter of water 0.57
T2R1- 100 ml per liter of water 0.56 30.74
T2R2- 100 ml per liter of water 0.55
T2R3- 100 ml per liter of water 0.56
T3R1- 125 ml per liter of water 0.47 33.88
T3R2- 125 ml per liter of water 0.57
T3R3- 125 ml per liter of water 0.51
 Table 6. average feed conversion ratio of broilers

The table above shows the average feed conversion ratio of broilers.
According to the data, treatment 1 had the most average feed conversion ratio.
Treatment 1 replicate 1 had 0.87, treatment 1 replicate 2 had 0.63, and treatment 1
replicate 3 had 0.57. Treatment 2 replicate 1 had 0.56, treatment 2 replicate 2 gad
0.55, and treatment 2 replicate 3 had 0.56. Treatment 3 replicate 1 had 0.47,
treatment 3 replicate 2 had 0.57, and treatment 3 replicate 3 had 0.51. Therefore,
there is a significant result. Mmerole et al (2018) stated that the high cost of poultry
feed today in Nigeria, is occasioned by the high cost of feed ingredients that supply
the required protein and energy and exacerbated by the keen contest between man
and animal for the same ingredients like maize, soybean, fish etc. there is therefore
need to combat this ugly scenario by exploiting the potentials in non-conventional
feed ingredients such as leaf meals that have high nutritional values and at the same
time, most times wasted, such as paw-paw leaf. Leaf meal supplementation have
been included into the diets of poultry as means of reducing cost of conventional
protein sources and to improve protein margin.

F. Total cost invest

2000+5,775= 7,775

2000 total amount of broilers

5,775 total amount for commercial feeds
7,775 total cost

Return cost invest

160 49 = 7,840

7,840-2,000 +7,775= 13,615

13, 615 Return cost invest

 CHAPTER V

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

Summary

The study investigated how supplementing papaya leaf extract with different

concentrations affect broiler growth performance. Also, it determines the broilers final

weight, weight gain, average daily gain, average feed conversion ratio, and return

cost invest.

The finding of the study shows the following results:

1. For the total weight gain of broilers supplemented with papaya leaf extract

treatment 3 which has 125 ml of PPLE was found to have the highest total

weight gain compared to other treatments throughout the experiment.

2. The average daily gain of broilers supplemented with 125 ml of papaya leaf

extract per liter of water was significantly higher compare to 100 ml and

control group.
 3. Control group, 100 ml of papaya leaf extract, and 125 ml of papaya leaf

extract has significant difference on the growth performance of broiler

chickens.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the researchers made the following

conclusions:

1. There is a significant effects of supplementing papaya leaf extract to

broiler’s growth performance.

2. There is an effective contributions of papaya leaf extract on growth

performance of broilers.

3. There is a significant result on the average feed conversion ratio of

supplementing papaya leaf extract on growth performance of broilers.

Recommendations

1. The effects of supplementing papaya leaf extract with different concentrations

on the broiler’s growth performance should be investigated further.

2. Future researchers may also explore a range of concentrations to establish a

significant result. They may familiarize with the existing literature on papaya

leaf extract and build on the knowledge gained from previous studies.

3. Future researchers may design long-term studies to assess the sustained

effects and safety of papaya leaf extract. They may also promote awareness

and understanding of the potential benefits and applications of papaya leaf

extract.
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