01

group 2

RESEARCH

The Feasibility of Lemon

(Citrus limon) Peel as a
Dishwashing Liquid
 08

Introduction

Dishwashing liquids nowadays in the market have tons of chemicals in them,

that to the point it doesn’t even clean our plates properly. People ignore lemon
peels but don't know they have a tremendous antibacterial substance. Lemon
itself is an excellent cleaning agent. Lemon acid is antibacterial and antiseptic,
resulting in a more powerful, longer-lasting, and sanitizing clean. This, in turn,
ensures that a healthier environment is created. Lemon has air-purifying
properties that result in a clean and fresh atmosphere.
 08

Introduction
Janna Mae A, John P , Renzett G ( 2013) stated:

It will inspire Filipinos, especially the youth, to develop any biodegradable

and/or non-biodegradable materials that would otherwise be thrown away and
turn them into new products to prevent the disposal of potentially useful
materials to somehow reduce the radically growing amount of waste in the
Philippines. Also, this study will provide encouragement for Filipino youth to
put up a business at an early age by selling products they developed
themselves and earning on their own, and learning how to be independent –
making the youth today more productive.
 01

Why did we choose

lemon?
 02
Group 2

ABOUT LEMON FRUIT

Objective:
This study aims to identify the feasibility of lemon
peel as a dishwashing liquid.
 03
GROUP 2

ABOUT LEMON FRUIT

SOP: Is lemon peel feasible as a dishwashing liquid in terms of:

1. Foaming property?
2. Rinsing property?
 04
GROUP 2

ABOUT LEMON FRUIT

Hypothesis:
 Set ups

Set-ups Lemon Extract

Control Group
A 0%

B 25 %

Experimental Group
C 75 %

D 100 %
 08

Materials:
1. 1 big container 13. 4 used plates
2. 15 pieces of lemon 14. 4 Sponge
3. Pot
4. 1 liter of mineral water
5. Strainer
6. Knife
7. 1/4 cup of salt
8. 1/2 cup of vinegar
9. 5 tsp of baking soda
10. Stove and pan
11. 4 bottles (200ml)
12. Blender
 08

Procedure:
1. Prepare 1 liter of mineral water, 24g of baking soda, 118ml of vinegar and 62g
of salt.

2. Mix the mineral water with the baking soda, vinegar and salt to make a plain
dishwashing liquid.

3. Then prepare 4 (200 ml) bottles labeled Set A, Set B, Set C and Set D, then
pour 100ml of plain dishwashing liquid in each of the bottles.

4. To make the lemon extract, you need to prepare 15 pieces of lemon.

5. Cut the lemons then remove the seeds and prepare a pot with 236ml of water
then boil the lemons.
 08

Procedure:
6. Boil it for 10 minutes, let it cool for 5 mins then pour it in a blender.

7. Add 240 ml of water again to the blender. After that, blend it until it's
smooth.

8. After blending, use a metal strainer to strain the lemon extract.

9. Add exactly 25ml of the lemon to set B, 75ml of the lemon extract to
set C and 100ml of the lemon extract to set D.
 08

Experimental Procedure:
1.Prepare the lemon dishwashing liquid with 4 used plates labeled A, B, C and D,
and 4 sponges labeled A, B, C and D.

2. Pour .15 ml of plain dishwashing liquid of set-up A to sponge A, after that pour
0.15 ml of lemon dishwashing liquid to set-ups B to sponge B, set-ups C to
sponge C and set-ups D to sponge D.

3. Scrub sponge A to plate A, sponge B to plate B, sponge C to plate C and

sponge D to plate D then rinse all of them.

4.After finishing all those procedures, observe and list your observations in a
table in terms of the foaming property and Rinsing property.
 08

Engineering Design
 01

So,what makes lemon a

great cleaner?
 08

Few pictures while we

were experimenting
Few pictures while we 08

were experimenting
 08

Methodology
 08

Methodology
 08

Methodology
 08

Methodology
Methodology 08
Methodology 08
Methodology
08
Methodology 08
Methodology 08
 01

What is limonene?
 01
group 2

Results and Discussion

 08

Set-up D has the highest rate in terms of rinsing property with an average of 2.67, meanwhile, Set-up C
is easy to rinse with an average of 2.33. Set-B is not easy to rinse with an average of 1.67, lastly, Set-up
A is also not easy to rinse with an average of 1.
 08

Set-up A is not foamy with an average of 1, Set-up B is not foamy with an average of 1.33, Set-up C is
foamy with an average of 2, and lastly Set-up D is very foamy with an average of 3.
 08

Figure 1 of rinsing property in lemon dishwashing liquid in all set ups

:Set-up A with an average of 1 that in a descriptive way is not easy to rinse , Set-up B with an average of 1.67 that in a
descriptive way is not easy to rinse , Set-up C with an average of 2 that in a descriptive way is easy to rinse , and lastly
Set-up D with an average of 3 that in a descriptive way is very easy to rinse.
 08

Figure 2 of foaming property in lemon dishwashing liquid in all set ups

Set-up A with an average of 1 that in a descriptive way is not foamy , Set-up B with an average of 1.33 that in a
descriptive way is not foamy , Set-up C with an average of 2 that in a descriptive way is foamy, and lastly Set-up D with
an average of 3 that in a descriptive way is very foamy.
 01
group 2

Conclusion
 The hypothesis that using lemon peel in making dishwashing liquid leads to a foamy solution and facilitates easy rinsing of
dishes is partially supported by the findings. The feasibility of lemon peel as a dishwashing liquid was assessed based on two properties:
foaming and rinsing.
The use of lemon peel in dishwashing liquid formulation generally promotes foaming. Lemon peel contains natural surfactants,
such as citric acid, which can act as foaming agents. When incorporated into the dishwashing liquid, these compounds help to create a
rich and stable foam, enhancing the cleaning process. However, still in the first two trials of the experiment we didn't observe any foam
that was said to appear because of our measurements but with the last 2 trials, foam is starting to generate and has shown more results
than the last 2 trials. Therefore, it can be concluded that lemon peel contributes to the foaming property of the dishwashing liquid.
Lemon peel exhibits promising characteristics for facilitating easy rinsing of dishes. The surfactants present in lemon peel help to
diminish greasy residues, making it easier to rinse off the dishwashing liquid from the dishes. The natural acidity of lemon peel also aids
in breaking down stubborn stains and residue, further facilitating the rinsing process. Although, seeing the observation that was
conducted with the first 2 trials it wasn't easy to rinse and because the purpose of the experiment was to find out what measurements were
most feasible for our lemon dishwashing liquid we needed to follow the said setup measurements making the first 2 trials not easy to rinse
and then again the last 2 trials making it easier as we go. Therefore, it can be concluded that the measurements affect the product of our
lemon peel but still, it contributes to the rinsing property of the dishwashing liquid.
After conducting the study, the researchers discovered that using chemicals in the production of soap products shouldn't be
avoided. They can be used as a foaming agent as well as an additional cleaning agent.
 01
group 2

Recommendation
 08

The following suggestions are made for potential further and in-depth research
based on the research's findings:

Adding or using a foaming agent like coco-glucoside, a non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a
foaming agent, conditioner, or emulsifier, can improve the effectiveness of dishwashing liquid. Coco
Glucoside is a favorite because it is natural and can increase the effectiveness of foaming agents because it
is made from Coconut and Fruit Sugars.
More research should be conducted before conducting any experiments to identify potential substitute
organic ingredients for use in dishwashing liquid.
Other citrus fruits (such as orange, calamansi, and so on) should also be considered. Their peels are just
as beneficial as lemon peels.
 08
The following suggestions are made for potential further and in-depth research
based on the research's findings:

Given the fact that the researchers only have two (2) days to plan, conduct research, and conduct
experiments, more research on this topic should be completed within a month. This will help to
accelerate the gathering of knowledge about additional materials and ingredients that may be required
to make dishwashing liquid and will give the researchers plenty of time to conduct the experiments
required to produce the desired results.

It is also recommended to use or add surfactants, which are substances used in a variety of cleaning
products due to their ability to reduce water's surface tension and facilitate the removal of oil and grease
from a variety of surfaces and materials. These substances include anionic, nonionic, and trace amounts
of amphoteric surfactants. The former is in charge of wetting, degreasing, and foaming and is typically
the main ingredient in products. Nonionic surfactants act as surfactant auxiliaries by improving the
functional properties of liquids.
 01
group 2

References
 08

Anuradha,A., Kiran Kumar,N., Sabitha Devi,R., Srilekha,N.,Vijay Srinivas,G., V. V. S. Ramprasad., & Urmila,U.(2014).Efficacy
nnnnof 1.5% Dish Washing Solution and 95% Lemon Water in Substituting Perilous Xylene as a Deparaffinizing Agent
nnnnfor Routine H and E Staining Procedure: A Short Study.Scientifica Hindawi. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/707310

Afolayan A.J., Otang W.M.(2016).Antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of Citrus limon L. peel extracts used for skin
nnnndiseases by Xhosa tribe of Amathole District, Eastern Cape, South Africa.South African Journal of
nnnnBotany.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.08.005.

Chidambar B.J., Jai, G.Kailas D.S., & Maruti,J.D.(2011).Study Antimicrobial Activity of Lemon (Citrus lemon L.) Peel
nnnnExtract.British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2(3):119-
nnnn122.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236217959_Study_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Lemon_Citrus_le
nnnnnmon_L_Peel_Extract
 08

Janna Mae, A.C., John Paolo, S.B.,& Renzett G.(2013).Dishwashing Liquid from Orange
nnnnPeelings.Kahel:Dishwashing Liquid from Orange Peelings.http://kahelito2013.blogspot.com/2013/10/kahel-
nnnndishwashing-liquid-from-orange.html

Tadeo, A. ., Libay Jr., R., Gomez, L. J. ., Magno, S. ., Macayaon, C. ., Samson, E. ., & Asuncion, LPT, E. . (2020). Dish
nnnnDetergent from Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa), Orange Fruit (Citrus reticulata), and Tangerine
nnnn(Citrus tangerina) Extracts. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink College of the Philippines Journal of
nnnnMultidisciplinary Research,
nnnn2(1).https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/1804
Members:
Alba, Lauren Andie
Abad, Sophia
Taniegra, Christian Jay
Tolentino, Justine Andrew
Asuncion, Bert Michael
Gulpric, Lorenz Alvin
Facunla, Rodrigo Angelo
Pontanilla, Seth Eddie Jherico
 15

Thank You
GROUP 2 - RESEARCH