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Bhalani 3.0 - 1
Bhalani 3.0 - 1
0 ANATOMY
3. Upper Limb
Pectoral region The Axilla
1.Clavipectoral fascia** 1. Axillary group of lymph nodes*
2.Mammary gland **** 2. Axillary artery*
-Blood supply,lymphatic drainage 3. Typical intercostal space *
-Applied anatomy 4. Brachial plexus*
3.Serratus anterior* 5. Erb’s Palsy & Erb’s Point**
6. Klumpke’s Palsy*
Scapular region Joints of upper limb
1.Quandrangular space * 1.Sternoclavicular Joint
2.Triangular space 2.Pronation & supination**
3.Deltoid muscle* 3.Shoulder Joint****
4.Rotator cuff of shoulder joint** -Movements -relations -stabilizers
-classification -blood supply
The Forearm & Hand -applied
1.Carpal tunnel syndrome** 4.Elbow joint
2.Ulnar Nerve*
3.Superficial palmar arch Spaces of HAND
4.Claw hand* -Mid palmar space
5.Anatomical snuff box*
6.Flexor retinaculum
The Arm
1.Cubital fossa***
2.Biceps brachii*
3.Radial Nerve**
4.Musculocutaneous Nerve*
5.Wrist drop**
6.Median Nerve*
4.Thorax
Diaphragm - openings**
Walls of thorax Pericardium and Heart
1. Coronary sinus**
1.Azygous vein** 2. Left coronary artery**
2.Typical intercostal nerve* 3. Atrial septal defect*
4. Interior of right atrium,development*
The lungs 5.Arterial & venous drainage of heart **
1.Bronchopulmonary segments*** 6. Coronary blood circulation
2. Root of Right & Left lung* Superior vena cava*
3. Right lung -Mediastinal relations
-formation,tributaries
BPS,histology
Arch of aorta****
Mediastinum Thoracic duct ***
1.Define mediastinum,classify* Thoracic part of oesophagus
2.Posterior & anterior mediastinum* Thoracic part of trachea
3.Superior mediastinum*
4.Development of arch of aorta*
Structures supplied by phrenic ner ve
5. LOWER LIMB
Front of Thigh Back of leg
1.Femoral Triangle 1.Popliteus muscle****
-femoral sheath*** 2. Soleus muscle*
-femoral canal** 3. Gastrocnemius muscle**
-femoral hernia* 4.Tibialis posterior*
2. Femoral artery*
3. Sartorius** Venous Drainage
4. Adductor/Hunter/subsartorial canal*** 1.Varicose veins**
5. Femoral nerve 2.Long saphenous vein***
6. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes* 3.Great saphenous vein*
4.Venous drainage of lower limb**
Medial side of Thigh
1.Obturator nerve* Joints of Lower Limb
1.Inversion & eversion of foot***
2.Adductor magnus*
2.Knee Joint **
3.Housemaid’s knee*
Gluteal region 4.Hip Joint *
1.Gluteus medius 5.Intra articular surface of knee joint
2.Structures under cover of gluteus maximus* 6.Ankle joint
3.Trendelenberg test*
Back of thigh
1.Sciatic nerve****
2.Flexor of Knee joint*
3.Hamstring muscles
Single * : The question appeared at least once in the past few years
6.Abdomen & PELVIS
Sacral canal Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
-Gross,Histology,applied*
Anterior abdominal wall -Gall Bladder*
1.Rectus sheath**
2.Inguinal Canal** Spleen,Pancreas & Liver
3.Inguinal Hernia 1.Spleen -gross,histology,functions*
4.Contents of spermatic cord* 2.Liver -Ligaments,blood supply*
5.Structures passing through Deep & 3.Head of pancreas -development***
superficial inguinal ring* 4.Pancreas (full)
6.Clinical importance of umbilicus*
7.Caput medusae*
8.Transpyloric plane Kidney -**relations,congenital anomalies
Ureters
Male genital organ
1.Blood testis barrier*
2.Testis***
Suprarenal gland**-
histology,development,blood supply,applied
-Gross -histology -developement
-descent -applied
Diaphragm* -attachment,openings,blood
Abdominal cavity & peritoneum & nerve supply,applied
1.Lesser omentum***
2.Lesser sac Posterior Abdominal Wall
3.Epiploic foramen*
1.Quadratus Lumborum*
2.Inferior vena cava -**tributaries &
Abdominal part of Oesophagus & development
stomach
1. Stomach bed*** The Perineum
2. Stomach -****Blood supply, histology, 1.Superficial Perineal pouch*
lymphatic,development, 2.Ischiorectal fossa***
Applied,relations 3.Pudendal/Alcock’s canal*
4.Perineal body*
The Intestine
1.Mcburney’s point* Urinary Bladder & Urethra
2.Appendix*** 1.Urinary Bladder -**Relations,interior
3.Meckel’s diverticulum* Arterial,venous supply,ligaments
4.Root of mesentry 2.Female urethra*
5.2nd part of duodenum*** 3.Male urethra*
7. GENERAL ANATOMY
Skeleton Genetics
1. Blood supply of long bone* 1.Barr body*
2. Karyotyping***
2. Sesamoid bone 3. Kleinfelter syndrome*
3. Epiphysis** 4. Turner syndrome
5. Lyon’s Hypothesis
Joints 6.X linked recessive - pedigree characteristics
1.Types of cartilagenous joints**
2.Pivot joint
3.Synovial joints
4.Symphysis
5.Sutures*
Note :You can follow the old bhalani for embryology & histology imp topics.
Multiple * : The question was asked quite frequently in the past years
This pdf contains most of the MUHS previous year questions and is
made with reference from Unique’s Companion.
Physiolog y
1. General Physiology
1.Define homeostasis.**
2.Negative & positive feedback mechanism
-compare
3.Various transport mechanism across cell membrane*
4.Osmosis
5.Active transport*
6.Facilitated diffusion*
7.Na-K Pump -importance
8.Resting membrane potential -ionic basis of RMP
6.Exercise Physiology
1.Cardiorespiratory changes during moderate
exercise**
2.VO2 Max*
7.Renal Physiology
Functional anatomy of kidney Role of JGA in regulation of blood
1.Juxta glomerular apparatus -functions pressure*
-well labelled diagram***
Role of kidney in regulation of pH
Renal Flow Of body fluids
1.Define GFR -dynamics,factors***
Affecting,methods of measuring GFR
Blood buffers
2.Tubuloglomerular feedback &
Glomerulo-tubular balance Micturition
-Innervation of urinary bladder
Tubular function -micturition relfex***
1.PCT* -abnormalities
2.Transport maximum.* -cystometrography
3.Mechanism of glucose reabsorption -atonic bladder
In renal tubules**
4.Inulin clearance
5.Urea clearance
6.Functions of DCT*
Urine formation
1.Counter current mechanism**
2.Describe in detail handling of water
And sodium by kidney
3.Milieu interior, role of kidney in
Maintaining osmolarity of body fluid
8. GIT
Salivary glands & secretion Exocrine pancreas
1.Functions & composition of saliva* 1. Functionas,composition &
2.Regulation of saliva secretion* Regulation of pancreatic juice*
2.Note on CCK-PZ
Gastric secretions
1.Mechanism of HCL secretion**** Functions of Liver
2.Functions of HCL 1.Function & composition of bile salts*
3.Peptic ulcer -etiology & treatment** 2.Regulation of biliary secretion
4.Various gastrointestinal hormones* 3.Emptying of gall bladder
5.Compostion of gastric secretion &
4.Various functions of liver
Regulation*
GI motility
1.Deglutition-define,stages*
2.Movements of small intestine*
3.Movements of large intestine*
4.Defecation reflex**
5.Gastric emptying
6.Regulation of GI Motility*
7.Deglutition reflex*
8.Peristaltic rush
9.Achalasia cardia*
9.Endocrine system
Anterior pituitary & hypothalamus Adrenal cortex
1.Growth hormone -mechanism of 1.Enumerate hormones of adrenal
Action,regulation,applied*** cortex.
2.Dwarfism ,Gigantism,acromegaly* 2.Aldosterone -functions,regulation
3.Enumerate hormones of Anterior pituitary* 3.Cushing’s syndrome*
4.Physiological actions of
Posterior pituitary glucocorticoids*
1.ADH -role,factors stimulating secretion,
Regulation* Endocrine pancreas
2. Physiological basis of diabetes insipidus*
1.Difference between diabetes
3. Functions of oxytocin
mellitus & insipidus**
2.Insulin functions
Thyroid gland 3.Physiological basis of polyuria in
1.Thyroid hormone -synthesis,regulation diabetes
-Functions of thyroid hormone***
2.Cretinism*
3.Hyperthyroidism note*
4.Physiological basis of anti thyroid drugs
5.Differences between pituitary & thyroid
Dwarf
Calcium homeostasis
1.Function & regulation of parathyroid hormone*
2.What is Tetany? Name & explain signs of tetany
-treatment**
3.Describe regulation of calcium level in body.**
4.Note on osteoporosis
5.Note on rickets
10.Reproductive system
Testosterone Describe functions of placenta
1.Spermatogenesis -stages,factors -enumerate hormones secreted by
Regulating (hormonal)*** placenta
2.Actions of testosterone Physiology of lactation
Female physiology before Pregnancy Parturition,role of oxytocin.
1.Define ovulation,mechanism,indicators*
2.Contraception methods**
-oral contraceptives (action)
3.Define menstrual cycle,various phases
with hormonal regulation**
4.Cyclic changes in uterus during
reproductive life
12.Special senses
Taste & smell Eye
1.Taste bud 1.Accomodation -reflex pathway***
2.Pathway of taste sensation* 2.Note on presbyopia
3.Neural pathway for smell sensation* 3.Errors of refraction*
Hearing -myopia,astigmatism
1.Describe structure of Organ of corti** 4.Argyl robertson pupil & its basis
2.Functions of middle ear**
3.Causes of conductive deafness -tests Retina
for it* 1.Dark adaptation**-curve,significance
4.Attenuation & significance* 2.Photochemistry of vision*
5.Mechanism of hearing ,note on pitch 3.Color vision*
Discrimination, impedance matching 4.Theories of color vision & color
mechanism** blindness