Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Module 2: BOYLE’S LAW: Volume-Pressure Relationship

First Edition, 2020

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 Science 10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 2
Boyle’s Law:
Volume-Pressure Relationship
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on BOYLE’S LAW: Volume-

Pressure Relationship!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on BOYLE’S LAW: Volume-

Pressure Relationship!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
In this module you will solve problems on volume and pressure at
constant temperature of a gas that will lead you to investigate the relationship
between volume and pressure at constant temperature of a gas; relationship
between volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas; and explain
the relationship of volume, pressure, and temperature using the kinetic
molecular theory. S9MT-IIj-20
This module is about plotting given values of volume against
pressure at constant temperature of a gas; and solving problems on volume
and pressure relationship at constant temperature of a gas. S9MT-IIj-20.2
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify and plot the given values of volume against pressure at
constant temperature of a gas.
2. solve problems using Boyle’s law equations.
3. Appreciate Boyle’s law and cite its practical applications in your
daily life.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Gas laws were developed when scientists began to realize that relationships
between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be
obtained to prove the approximation for all gases. Which among the units of
measurements below can be the correct unit of pressure?
(I). atmosphere (atm) (III). millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
(II). Pascal (Pa) (VI). Torr

A. (I) only C. (I), (II), and (III) only

B. (I) and (II) only D. (I), (II), (III), and (VI)

2. Boyle’s Law experiment showed that as the volume decreases, the

pressure increases which pertains to an inverse relationship. What is the
mathematical expression of Boyle’s Law?
A. P1V1 = P2V2 C. P1P2 = V1V2
B. P1 = P2 D. P1 = V1
V1 V2 P2 V2
3. Boyle’s law states that pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely
proportional to its volume at a constant temperature. Which of the following
graph represents the correct Boyle's law?

A. (i), (ii), and (iii) C. (i) and (iv) only

B. (i), (ii), and (iv) D. (ii) and (iv) only

4. A sample of a gas has a volume of 20 L at 1.5 atm. What will be the

volume of this gas at 2.0 atm pressure?

A. 0.15 L C. 15 L
B. 0.15 atm D. 15 atm

5. According to Boyle’s law, if a given amount of gas has a constant

temperature, increasing its volume decreases its pressure, and vice-versa.
When you inhale, muscles increase the size of your thoracic (chest) cavity
and expand your lungs. Why do you think so?
A. This increases their volume, so pressure inside the lungs decreases.
B. This decreases their volume, so pressure inside the lungs increases.
C. This decreases their volume, so pressure inside the lungs increases. As
a result, air rushes out of the lungs, flowing from an area of higher to
lower pressure.
D. This increases their volume, so pressure inside the lungs decreases. As
a result, outside air rushes into the lungs. That’s because a gas always
flows from an area of higher to lower pressure.
 RECAP
Last meeting you learned four postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory
and the relationship between volume and pressure at constant temperature
which was studied by Robert Boyle. Complete each statement by matching
the statements in column A to the correct terms in column B.

COLUMN A COULUMN B
1. Gases are most likely empty space because of a random
wide distance between these tiny particles. Thus,
gases are highly ___________________ and have low
density.
2. Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel inversely
constantly, and in ________________ directions.
3. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases provides a pressure
model to explain behavioral ______________ of gases.
4. Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a given mass compressible
of gas held at constant temperature is ______________
proportional to its pressure.
5. Boyle’s Law experiments showed that when properties
volume increases, the pressure decreases; and if the
volume decreases, the _______________ increases.

LESSON

Gases have important fundamental properties that are measurable

such as volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of the gas or number of
moles. In Boyle’s law, you have to investigate the relationship between volume
and pressure at constant temperature. Volume is denoted by the symbol V
and its SI unit is in Liter (L); it can also be expressed in milliliters (mL), cubic
meters (m3), and cubic centimeter (cm3). Pressure is denoted by the symbol P.
Pressure of the gas is the force exerted by the gas per unit area. It depends
on the kinetic energy of the molecules. Pressure of a gas is directly
proportional to its temperature. The SI unit used for pressure is Pascal (Pa)
which was named after the scientist Blaise Pascal. Pascal is equivalent to a
force of 1 Newton acting on one (1) square meter (N/m2). Temperature of a gas
is denoted by the letter T. The temperature of a gas depends on the kinetic
energy of a gas. Gases expand when temperature is increased. Temperature
of a gas is generally expressed in Fahrenheit ( 0F), Celsius degree (0C), and
Kelvin (K). Among the units of temperature, we always express it in Kelvin (K)
temperature. Thus, you need to convert Celsius value to Kelvin, which was
named after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish physicist who has identified the lowest
attainable temperature known as absolute zero with a value -273.15 0C. To
convert Celsius to Kelvin you have to use the equation K=0C + 273.15.

•Which of the following graph represents the correct Boyle's law?

Figure 1: Graphs that shows the relationship of Volume

and pressure at constant temperature

According to Boyle's Law, the pressure of a gas with constant mass is

inversely proportional to its volume provided the temperature of the gas is
kept constant. Observe the illustrations on figure 1 above.
i. The graph of Boyle's law is known as pressure-volume graph or PV
curve. The curve is called PV curve, and it is hyperbolic in nature. As
observed from the graph above, pressure increases with a decrease
in volume, and vice versa.
ii. Pressure is inversely proportional to volume. The graph of pressure
vs inverse volume is a straight line passing through the origin and
having the positive slope, k.
iii. The graph above is a straight line parallel to the x-axis. This proves
the product of pressure and volume at a constant temperature and
amount of gas is constant. The lines in the graph are independent of
volume (or pressure).
•What is Boyle’s law and what is its significance?
Boyle’s law explains that when the pressure changes on a certain
amount of gas, its size is inversely proportional to the pressure, provided that
the temperature is constant. The law is described by the mathematical
equation PV = K. Wherein, Pressure is equal to constant/volume and usually
written as: P1V1=P2V2, which is shown and described in figure 2 below.

Wherein:
P1= initial pressure
P2 = final pressure
Figure 2: Boyle’s Law Formula V1 = initial volume
V2 = final volume
 To solve for the final volume, just remove P2 by dividing both sides of
the equation by the second pressure. Thus, P1V1=P2V2, then P2= P1V1.
V2 V2 V2
If you have to use this formula in solving the sample problem below,
just substitute the value then solve for what is ask correctly. Suppose a Freon
in an air-conditioning unit has a volume of 0.40 liter. It is allowed to function
in a room where the pressure is about 600 mmHg, assuming that the
temperature is in a constant state. Find the final pressure of freon when its
volume is increased to 1.0 Liter?
Given: P1= 600 mmHg V1 = 0.40 L
P2=? V2 = 1.0 L

Formula: P2= P1V1

V2

Substitution: P2 = (600 mmHg) (0.40 L)

1.0 L
Final Answer: P2 = 240 mmHg
The importance of Boyle’s law lies in being the first law to describe the
behavior of gases. It explained that the gases spread in the medium, that is,
the volume increases if the pressure is decreased and vice versa (the particles
are displaced from each other and move easily) if the gas is compressed,
causing the volume to shrink.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Pressure-Volume Relationship at Constant

Temperature of a Gas
Objectives:
At the end of the activity, you should be able identify and plot the given
values of volume against pressure at constant temperature of a gas.
Materials: Graphing paper or clean sheet of bond paper, pencil, and ruler
Procedure:
1. Plot the data in table 1 in a graphing paper or in a separate clean sheet of
paper.
2. Label the graph with Volume (Y-axis), and the pressure (X-axis).
3. Use the following scale in plotting the data on the graph:
1 cm for every 0.5 mL, and 1 cm for every 500 mmHg

Table 1: Boyle’s Pressure-Volume Data

P (mmHg) 500 550 700 1000 1200 1800
V (mL) 2.5 2.2 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.5
Closure:
As you observed from the graph above, pressure increases with a
decrease in volume. ___________ _______ explains that when pressure
increases, the volume decreases; and if the pressure decreases, the volume
increases. Thus, the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at
constant temperature is inversely proportional.

Activity 2: Let’s Compute and Check It Right!

Objective:

At the end of the activity, you should be able to solve problems using
Boyle’s law equation.

Materials: Calculator, pen, and paper

Directions: Read the given problem. Fill in the table with the correct data,
then solve and check it using Boyle’s law equation: P1V1=P2V2

Problem to be solved and to be checked using Boyle’s Law equation:

In a J-shaped tube filled with mercury, initially, mercury levels in both

limbs are the same. The initial volume of the trapped gas in the closed end is
0.50 L. The volume of the gas decreases to 0.30 L after the addition of mercury
from the open end of the tube. Take note that the opened end of the tube is
subjected to the atmosphere; thus, the initial pressure is equal to atmospheric
pressure (1 atm = 760 mmHg). What will be the final pressure after the
changes of the volume happened?

Data Checked by V2 Checked by P1

Given: V1= _______ L
V2= _______ L
P1= _____mmHg
Find Final Pressure Final Volume Initial volume
Equation P2 = P1V1 V2= P1V1 P1= P2V2
V2 P2 V1
Substitution
Solution
Final Answer

Closure: The computations you made in this activity explain that gases
spread in the medium, and at constant temperature, the volume of a gas
decreased if the pressure is increased, and vice versa.
 Activity 3: Boyle’s Law in Scuba Diving
Objective:

At the end of this activity, you should be able to appreciate Boyle’s law
and cite its practical applications in your daily life.

Materials: Picture of a scuba diver

https://chemistrygod.com/boyle-law

Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters inside the parenthesis, then fill in
each blank with a correct answer. Relate each statement to scuba diving
activities.

Diving into deep water is another application of (1) ___________ (s’leByo)

law. As the diver moves down to the bottom of the water, the (2) ____________
(respseru) increases. Increasing pressure leads to a decrease in (3) _________
(lovemu), and the diver’s blood begins to absorb the nitrogen gas. The opposite
happens when the diver starts to rise again, and the nitrogen gas molecules
begin to expand and return to its volume. If the diver makes a slow rise, the
nitrogen gas (4) _____________ (lesmolecu) expand and return to normal
without problems, but if it rises quickly, the diver’s blood turns into foam and
the same mess that occurs in the soda bottles causes the diver to bend and
feel strong pain. In the worst case, this sudden drop in body pressure can
instantly terminate the diver’s (5) ___________ (ifel).

Closure: When a scuba diver dives beneath the water surface due to the
hydrostatic pressure on divers, the air inside their lungs contract. As a diver
approaches the surface, the air inside their lungs expands since the pressure
(6) ____________ (seresdeac)on the surface of the water.
 WRAP-UP

To summarize what you have learned today, fill in the table with the
needed information. Boyle’s law states that the volume of a given mass of gas
held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure; thus,
it can be represented by the formula, P1V1=P2V2.

Fundamental properties Formula Units

•Degree Fahrenheit (0F)
Temperature Constant in Boyle’s
•Degree Celsius (0C)
law
•Kelvin (K)
Initial Pressure (P1) (1) (5-8)
Final Pressure (P2) (2)
Initial Volume (V1) (3) (9-12)
Initial Volume (V2) (4)

The graph of Boyle's law is known as pressure-volume graph or PV

curve which is (13) _______________ (parabolic, hyperbolic) in nature. The
graph of pressure vs inverse volume is a (14) __________ (curved, straight) line
passing through the origin and having the positive slope, k. And the graph is
a straight line parallel to the (15) _____________ (y-axis, x-axis) if it proves the
product of pressure and volume at a constant temperature and amount of gas
is constant.

VALUING
In life, nothing happens randomly or without a reason. Even those
events that you consider tiny are all fully dependent on the laws of nature.
Everything happens for a reason, and according to firm laws, do not allow
randomness to dominate the universe.

Boyle was so rich that he did all his research at his own expense.
Despite his achievements in physics, his favorite subject was chemistry. He
discovered that when the pressure changes on a certain amount of gas, its
size is inversely proportional to the pressure, provided that the temperature
is constant.

As a student, what do you think should be constant in you in order to

respond on the laws of nature?
 POST TEST
Read and write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which among the units of measurements below can be the correct unit of
volume?
A. 0F, OC, and K C. L, mL, m3, and cm3
B. atm, mmHg, Pa, and torr D. Kg, g, and moles

2. The graph of Boyle's law is known as pressure-volume graph. Which of

the following is a hyperbolic graph?

A. B. C. D.
For numbers 3 and 4, refer to the given problem below:
Problem: At 00C and 5 atm, a given sample of a gas occupies 75 L. The
gas is compressed to a final volume of 30 L at 0C. What is the final
pressure?

3. Which of the following formulas will be used to solve the given problem?
A. P2 = P1V1/V2 C. P2= V1V2/P1

B. P2= P1V2/V1 D. P1= P2V2/V1

4. Which of the following is the correct answer to the given problem above?
A. 2.0 atm C. 150 atm
B. 12.5 atm D. 450 atm

5. In the case of soda bottles or cans, all of us apply Boyle’s Law but
unintentionally. Note that when you open the bottle of soda quickly, the
gas rushes from everywhere in the form of foam, causing a mess. So, what
is the cause of this mess?
A. This mess occurs because the soda bottle is pumped by passing the water
on carbon dioxide.
B. This mess occurs because the soda is pumped into the soda bottle by
passing carbon dioxide into the water.
C. When you open the bottle, you are actually reducing the pressure on the
gas, and the volume of the gas expands.
D. When you open the bottle, you are actually increasing the pressure on the
gas, and the volume of the gas expands.
•
ysics/heat/gaslaw.html
http://www.oneschool.net/Malaysia/UniversityandCollege/SPM/revisioncard/ph
• Boyle’s Law Formula
the-correct-boyles-law/
https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/which-of-the-following-graph-represents-
• Pressure and volume graphs
Electronic Sources
Quezon City. Page 322-323 and 332
Book Printing Company, Inc., 84-86 P. Florentino St., Sta. Mesa Heights,
• Baldos, M.P. et. al. (Revised Edition 2017). Gas Laws. Science Links 10. Rex
Book
References
Activity 2 Given: V1=0.50 L V2=0.30 L P1= 760 mmHg
Substitution 760mmHg (.50L) 760mmHg (0.50L) 1,266.67mmHg
0.30 L 1,266.67mmHg (.3L)
0.50 L
Solution 380mmHg/0.30 380 L / 1,266.67 380 mmHg/0.50 L
Final Answer P2=1,266.67mmhg V2=0.30 L P1=760 mmHg
PRETEST Recap WRAP-UP POST TEST
1. D 1. compressible 1. P1=P2V2/V1 1. C
2. A 2. random 2. P2=P1V1/V2 2. A
3. A 3. properties 3. V1=P2V2/P1 3. A
4. C 4. inversely 4. V2=P1V1/P2 4. B
5. D 5. pressure 5-8 (in any order) 5. C
Pascal (Pa), atmosphere (atm),
Activity 1 Activity 3 mmHg and torr.
•A 1. Boyle’s 9-12 (in any order)
hyperbolic 2. pressure Liter (L), milliliter (mL)
graph 3. volume Cubic meter (m3), and
should be 4. molecules Cubic centimeter (cm3)
illustrated. 5. life 13. hyperbolic
•Closure 6. decreases 14. straight
Boyle’s Law 15. X-axis
KEY TO CORRECTION