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Reversible and irreversible process

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Carnot Heat Engine Cycle

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Processes that perform Carnot

HE cycle in closed system

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P-v Diagram for Carnot HE Cycle

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P-v Diagram for Reversed Carnot Cycle

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Carnot Cycle Principal

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Carnot Principal for HE

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2nd Carnot Principal for HE

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Problem 8
• A heat engine (HE) is operating on a Carnot cycle and has a
thermal efficiency of 55%. The waste heat from this engine is
rejected to a nearby lake at 15 oC at a rate of 800 kJ/min.
Determine
• The power output of the engine
• The temperature of the heat source

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Problem 9
• Consider two Carnot HE operating in series. The first engine
receives heat from the heat reservoir at 1400 K and rejects the
waste heat to another heat reservoir at temperature T. The
second engine receives the rejected energy by the first engine,
converts some of it to work and reject the rest to a heat sink
reservoir at 300 K. If the thermal efficiencies of both engines
are the same. Determine the temperature T.

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Carnot R and HP cycles

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Problem 10
• A commercial refrigerator with R-134a as the working fluid is used to keep the
refrigerated space at -35 oC by rejecting waste heat to cooling water that enters
the condenser at 18 oC, at a rate of 0.25 kg/s and leaves at 26 oC. The
refrigerant enters the condenser at 1.2 MPa and 50 oC and leaves at the same
pressure subcooled by 5 oC. If the compressor consumes 3.3 kW of power,
determine
• The mass flow rate of the R-134 a
• The Refrigeration Load
• The COP
• The minimum power input of the compressor with the same Refrigeration
Load if the device is a Carnot cycle.

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Summary

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