THE SITE OF THE FIRST MASS (by Francisco Albo)
200, on January 20, 1872
Francisco Albo
 one of Victoria's pilot
 One of 18 survivor who maintain the journal of
voyage but shorter and focus on expeditions in
certain dates.
 Boatswain and navigator from Rhodes
March 16, 1521
 Saw Yunagan, land towards northwest but did not
approach it
 Sailed southward in small island in 9 and 2/3
degrees north altitude named Suluan and
anchored there.
March 18, 1521
 Sailed westward in unhabitant island named Gada
for supply of wood and water
 At 10 degrees north altitude
March 28-31, 1521
 Sailed westward to a large island named seilani,
that is known to have gold (pigefetta called this
island ceylon the island of leyte?)
 While sailing along the coast of Seilana, turned
southwest into island of mazava, at latitude of 9
and ⅔ degrees north. They planted a cross upon
the top of the mountain and saw two more islands
where people say that have much gold in small
pieces like peas.
April 4-6, 1521
 Sailed Northwards toward seilani, and found 3
more islands
 From there, they sailed westwards some ten
leagues and saw three islets then dropped the
anchors there for the night.
 In the morning, sailed southwest some 12 leagues
down to a latitude of 10 and ⅓ degrees.
 They entered a channel between 2 islands, matan
and subu.
April 7-30, 1521
 Sailed down that channel, turned westward and
anchored to town la villa of subu
CAVITE MUTINY: Spanish Perspective
 Also known as 1872 cavite mutiny or the revolt of
Jose Montero Y. Vidal
 Born on January 28, 1851 in Gergal Spain died on
February 27, 1936
 Wrote spanish version in his book entitled Historia
General de Filipinas
 Spanish historian and author
Rafel Gerònimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutiérre
 Born on September 30, 1820 in Santander, Spain
and died on November 1833
 Reach military rank at age of 17 and famous for his
"iron fist" governance
 Governor-General during 1872 cavite mutiny
Jose Montero Y. Vidal version
Cause of the mutiny
 sense of resentment among certain Filipinos
against Spanish friars and colonial rulers
Conspiracy and uprising
 ongoing with great secresy since governor La torre.
 Plans to assassinate spanish soldier, officers and
even the governor himself.
 Planned on January 20, 1872 with the signal of
firing a rocket.
Unsuccessful uprising
 Rebels in cavite mistook fireworks from religious
celebration in Sampaloc as their signal
 Spanish authorities responded and the plan
ultimately failed.
Arrest and Sentencing:
 Sentences od death and imprisonment handed
down by the council of war
Execution of Priest:
 3 Filipino priest; Jose Burgozs, Jacinto Zamora,
Mariano Gomez along with Francisco Saldua
Military response and Changes:
 Dissolution of a native regiment and the creation
of peninsular artillery force

Rafel Gerònimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutiérre version
Causes of the Mutiny:
 Mutiny was prepared by several groups like
mestizos, native lawyers and abogadillas
 Protest against perceived injustices. Like failure to
compensate provinces on their tabacco crops and
usury practices.
Use of Superstition:
 Leaders use superstition to gain support of native
troops.
 They were assured because the "chief of state" or
God was on their side
Leadership and Government Structure:
 Rebellion aims to established governance under a
priest is the head ("hari" )
 Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora as potential
leaders
 The plan was to execute all spaniards including
Friars, except women, and confiscate all
belongings
Collaborators and Supporters:
 Rebellion had the support of regiment of infantry
and artillery, civilians, mestizos, Indios(Filipinos)
and Ilustrados (educated civilians)
 Start by setting fire in Tondo the seize Fort
Santiago
Communication and signals:
 Cavite and Manila will used lanterns as signal but
unsuccessful
Early Uprising in Manila:
 The rebellion in Manila started ahead of schedule,
which led to swift actions of Spanish authorities.
Connections to Madrid and Reformist Ideas:
 Junta in Manila sought followers for the recieved
inspiration from madrid
 EI eco Filipino, a madrid-based Reformist
newspaper that criticized conditions jn the
Philippines.
Anonymous report:
 Governor Izquierdo received anonymous letter
regarding the uprising rebellion.
ON THE ISSUE OF JOSE RIZAL'S RETRACTIONS
 Written On December 29, 1896
 It was supposed to be signed by Jose Rizal
moments before his death
 There were witnesses, many of them Jesuits
 Surfaced for public viewing on may 13, 1935
 Found by Fr. Manuel A. Gracia at the Catholic
hierarchy archive in Manila
 Original document weren't present in public, only
reproduction
 Fr. Pio Pi, said that as early as 1907 the document
was copied and published in spain and reprinted in
Manila
 Rizal recited and signed the book entitled, "Acts of
Faith, hope and charity" according to Fr. Vicente
Balaguer
 The church solemnize the marriage of Rizal and
Josephine Bracken
Evidences that Rizal did not retract
 The retraction document is forgery, handwriting is
questionable as Roman Rogue prepared it, the
same man who forged the signature of Urbano
Lacuno to capture Aguinaldo.
 The mastermind of forging was Lazaro Segovia
 They were approach by spanish Friars to forge
rizal's signature, as confessed by Rouge to Fr.
Antonio Abad on August 31, 1901
 The retraction document was not showed in public
until 1935, even to family members
 No effort was made to save rizal in death penalty
 Rizal's burial was kept secret outside the inner wall
of Paco cemetery
 There were no marriage certificate of Rizal
marriage to Josephine
 His Mi Ultimo Adios and letters he wrote during his
last hours do not indicate conversion.
Of proofs and documents
Jesuits vouch for Rizal's retraction
 According to Fr. Vicente Balaguer, Ruzal accepted a
shorter retraction that Fr. Pio Pi prepared
 Fr. Vicente Balaguer claims that he documented
Rizal's remaining hours from December 29-30,
1896.
  He detailed Rizal's moments in Fort Santiago and
was notarized on August 8, 1917
 He had the document of Rizal's retraction,
delivered it Fr. Pio Pi, who in the same day
delivered it to the palace and handed to
Archbishop Nozalesa, who delivered to his
secretary Gonzales Feijoo
The Cuerpo de Vigilancia de Manila
 Presented on August 4, 2016 by Dr. Rene Escalante
 People did visit Rizal on December 29, 1896, on 6
am
 There were no visitors by the name of Fr. Vicente
Balaguer, making him only secondary resources
Diosdado Macapagal
 Father of Agrarian Reform
 It was during his term that Agricultural Land
reform RA no. 3844 was enacted on August 8,
1963.
First voyage around the world
 March 16. 1521 Magellan landed in
Zamal now Samar
 March 18, 1521 afternoon, landed on
an island Humunu and met people from

island Zuluan
Masonic Rizalist
Customs of the Tagalog
 Who firmly believes that rizal did not retract
 Chieftain called datu

Catholic Rizalist  Maharlica/nobles-do not pay taxes

 Who were convinced that Rizal did retract or tributes but must accompany datu

 Commoners/aliping namamahay-
AGRARIAN REFORM
lives in their own houses and lards of
 Initiated on 1934 under the Commonwealth
government of President Quezon their own properties
 2 main department incharge of this program are
 Slaves/liping sanguinguilid- they
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), and
Department of environment and natural serve their masters and may be sold
resources (DENR)
 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)  If these maharlicas had children
is implemented by RA no. 6657 (1988), known as
 Among their slaves, their children and
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform law.
 President Corazon Aquino issued the proclamation their mothers became free
on June 10, 1988
 On September 10, 1971 President Marcos signed  If one of them had
the code of Agrarian reform into law.
 Children by the slave-woman of
 President Marcos enacted the following:
 (RA no. 6389) code of Agrarian reform another, she was compelled, when
 (RA no. 630) DAR and Department of Agrarian
reform special account fund. pregnant, to give her master half of a

gold tael, because of her risk of death

Purpose
and for her inablity to labor during
 CARP sought to redistribute land, not only for
the pregnancy
farmers but also for the landless poor
 Modernizing the feudal structure of Southern  If a free woman had children by a
agriculture, by distributing unproductive lands
(latifundia) for the poors slaves, they were all free, provided he

was not her husband

 If two persons are married. Of whom one returned to him. 1f he possessed children

was a maharlica and the other a at the time of his divorce, the whole dowry

slave, whether namamahay or and the fine went to the children, and was held

saguiguilid, the children were divided for them by their grandparents or other responsible

 As for inheritances, the legitimate relatives.

children of a father and mother

inherited equally

 When there were no children by a

legitimate wife, but only children by

an unmarried woman, or inaasawo

the latter inherited all

 Adopted children, of whom there are

many among them, inherit the double

of what was paid for their adoption

 Dowries are given by the men to the

women's parents

 If the wife, at the time of her

marriage has neither father, mother,

nor grandparents, she enjoys her

dowry

 unmarried women can own no

property, in land or dowry

 In case of a divorce before the

birth of children, if the wife left the

husband for the purpose of

marrying another, all her dowry

and an equal additional amount fell to

the husband.

 but if she left him, and did not marry

another, the dowry was returned

when the husband left his wife, he loses the

half of the dowry, and the other half was