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Giúp các con không chỉ tích lũy kiến thức mà

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Ms Luu Ngoc Lan
Ms Lưu Ngọc Lan là giáo viên Tiếng Anh
tâm huyết với nghề, có hơn 10 năm kinh
nghiệm giảng dạy và 6 năm kinh
nghiệm luyện thi Đại học - THPT QG.
Với phương châm khơi dậy niềm yêu
thích, cảm hứng học tập môn Tiếng Anh
cho học sinh, cô luôn tận tâm trong từng
bài dạy trên lớp, chú trọng chất lượng
từng video bài giảng online, sát sao sự
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luận giảng dạy tại trường Victoria,
Melbourne, Australia.
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Tiếng Anh - Hệ cử nhân Chất lượng
cao, Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ -
Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội.
- Nguyên giáo viên giảng dạy tại:
Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc
gia HN; Trường THPT Chu Văn An;
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Anh ngữ Language Link.
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giảng dạy ASIA TEFL (tại Malaysia).
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chí của hội nghị.
TRUNG TÂM TIẾNG ANH
MS LAN EDUCATION
Thông tin liên lac

.
MsLanEnglish.edu.vn
MsLanEnglish
Tiếng Anh cô Lưu Ngọc Lan

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174 ngõ Xã Đàn 2, Đống Đa, HN

169 phố Chùa Quỳnh, Hai Bà Trưng, HN
92A Cửa Bắc, Ba Đình, HN
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 1+2
MẸO LÀM BÀI

ĐỌC HIỂU
MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
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CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 169 Chùa Quỳnh, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
MẸO LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU
Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh là đối thủ nặng ký không bao giờ vắng bóng trong các bài test tiếng anh,
thậm chí chiểm tới 15 câu trong bài thi THPT Quốc gia nữa, chúng mình cần cẩn thận khi làm bài,
mục tiêu là làm đúng hết 15 câu này, hoặc chí ít 13 - 14 câu, bởi vì khi đã có chiến lược và lực học
tương đối, Đọc hiểu là phần dễ ăn điểm nhất. Thậm chí, nếu tăng khả năng đọc hiểu, chúng mình
còn có thể đọc sách, báo, truyện bằng tiếng Anh ngon ơ!
I. THỦ THUẬT CHUNG
Không cố sức hiểu tất cả các từ mới hay dịch hết cả bài ra tiếng Việt. Một đoạn văn có thể rất
dài nhưng chỉ có vài câu hỏi thôi. Vì thế, bạn cần có kĩ năng và chiến lược trong việc đọc, nhận
dạng câu hỏi và tìm kiếm thông tin.
Từ bỏ ngay thói quen cắm đầu đọc từng dòng khi thấy một bài đọc hiểu. Việc đầu tiên sau khi
tìm ra câu hỏi là phải scan nhanh bài, tìm ra đoạn thông tin chứa câu hỏi đó.
II. CHIẾN THUẬT CỤ THỂ VỚI TỪNG DẠNG BÀI
STT Dạng câu hỏi Dấu hiệu nhận biết Cách làm
Thông thường thì luận điểm (ý chính)
- What is the topic of this
thường nằm ở câu đầu tiên của đoạn đó,
passage?
thi thoảng ở câu cuối cùng. Nhưng đây
- What is the main idea
cũng không phải là tuyệt đối. Với những
expressed in this passage?
Ý chính - Main trường hợp ngoại lệ, khi ý đoạn đầu và
1 - Which title best reflects
idea questions cuối không ăn nhập với nhau hoặc bạn có
the main idea of the
chút nghi ngờ, hãy làm các câu hỏi chi tiết
passage?
trước. Sau khi hoàn thành chi tiết, bạn đã
- This article is mainly
ít nhiều hiểu được nội dung, lúc này quay
about...
lại xử nốt chiến sĩ tiêu đề kia là kịp.
Các đoạn văn thường được viết theo những
trình tự như: chronological order (trình tự
Trình tự bài văn thời gian), general to specific (từ khái quát
What’s the organization of
2 (không thường đến cụ thể), definition and example (định
this article?
gặp lắm) nghĩa và ví dụ),… Để làm được dạng câu
hỏi này, bạn nên đọc lướt nội dung và đặc
biệt chú đến từ nối giữa các đoạn.
1
Everyday quote for my beloved students:
“We all create our own reality by the choices we make.”
Ví dụ như: trong một bài văn, thường xuất
hiện những mốc thời gian theo một trình tự
nhất định (tăng dần hoặc giảm dần) hay
những từ chỉ trình tự thời gian như: Firstly,
after that, then,… thì bạn hãy chú ý đến
đáp án chronological order nhé!
Đây là dạng bài dễ bị lừa. Vì nghĩa từ
trong tiếng Anh không phải chỉ có một, do
đó bạn phải đọc lại cả câu rồi dựa vào
ngữ cảnh để kiểm tra lại từ.
- Which of the followings is Mách nhỏ một thủ thuật nữa là: bạn luôn
Nghĩa của từ - closest in meaning to luôn phải đọc cả câu chứa từ đó, thậm chí
3 Vocabulary “________” là câu trước và sau nó nữa. Với những từ
questions - What does “_______” bạn đã biết cũng không nên chủ quan.
mean?...
Đặc biệt, muốn hiểu hết nghĩa của từ, cần
vận dụng kiến thức về gốc từ, tiền tố, hậu
tố; suy luận logic; dấu câu (chấm phẩy, hai
chấm, gạch nối); từ nối (although,
therefore, etc.)
Điểm khó ở dạng câu hỏi này là đôi lúc đề
dùng các từ đồng nghĩa với nhau chứ
không phải chính từ khóa có trong câu hỏi
được đưa ra. Từ khóa này thường là các
động từ chính, danh từ chính, tính từ chính,
từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn...
- According to the passage,

Ví dụ như đề ra: What is Tom’s opinion on
why/ what/ how…?
Thông tin - Lindar’s behavior?
4 - According to the
Factual questions
information in paragraph 1,
Khi đó, bạn hãy tìm trong bài những chỗ
what…?
có thông tin liên quan đến Tom, hay chú ý
đến những đoạn có tên Tom xuất hiên cùng
những cấu trúc như: ‘In his opinion’ hay ‘To
his mind’. Bởi vậy, cần chú ý luyện tập
thêm khả năng Paraphrase của mình (diễn
đạt theo cách khác nhưng giữ nguyên ý
nghĩa).
2
Một ‘chiêu’ cực hiệu quả và đặc trưng cho
kiểu thi trắc nghiệm: phương pháp loại trừ.
Nếu việc tìm thông tin trong bài không cho
- EXCEPT… ( ngoại trừ)
bạn đáp án, nhưng lại giúp bạn tìm ra sự
Phủ định, đối lập - NOT mention…. (không
bất hợp lý của ba đáp án còn lại thì
5 - Negative được nhắc đến)
khoanh đáp án thứ tư ngay. Không chần
factual questions - LEAST likely… (ít có khả
chừ gì cả! Mà thực ra ở dạng câu này
năng xảy ra…)
không có mẹo gì lắm, bạn cần đọc hết các
câu hỏi để tìm thông tin ngược lại bài và
tìm ra đáp án sai hoặc không liên quan.
- It is probable that… Dạng câu này tương đối khó vì đáp án
- It can be inferred from the đúng có thể không xuất hiện trong đề. Bạn
Suy luận -
passage that… cần nắm chắc nội dung bài để đưa ra đáp
6 Inference
- In the paragraph 2, the án chính xác cho những câu hỏi suy luận.
questions
author implies/ suggests Chú ý tính logic của bài và những manh
that… mối, tính chất nối tiếp…
Mục đích của tác - The author's main purpose Câu hỏi về mục đích khi tác giả viết về một
giả - Questions in paragraph 2 is to… vấn đề hoặc đoạn nào đó, có thể đáp án
7
on author’s - Why does the author nằm sau chữ "to" (để…) hoặc bạn phải tự
purpose mention … ? lập luận ra đáp án.
Một số đáp án được đưa ra: Positive (tích
cực); Negative (tiêu cực); Neutral (trung
- What is the author's
Thái độ của tác lập); Supportive (ủng hộ); Skeptical (nghi
opinion / attitude of?
giả - Questions ngờ)… Chú ý tính từ thể hiện cảm xúc, thái
8 - Which of the following
on author's độ trong bài - có thể biểu hiện qua những
most accurately reflects the
attitude câu cảm thán - tùy theo mức độ cảm thán
author's opinion of?
mà tự suy ra tính trung lập, độ yêu thích/
phản cảm của tác giả về đối tượng viết.
Với dạng này, việc nắm vững cấu trúc của
câu văn sẽ giúp suy luận chính xác. Các
bạn hãy xác định vị trí đại từ được đề cập,
đọc câu chứa đại từ và câu trước đó. Tìm
Liên hệ đại từ -
What does the word “they” một từ trong câu phía trước có thể thay thế
9 “Refer to”
in line 3 refer to?... cho đại từ tiếng Anh được hỏi (lưu ý đến số
question
ít và số nhiều). Trong nhiều trường hợp, nếu
vận dụng cấu trúc mà vẫn chưa tìm ra đúng
chủ thể thì dựa vào nghĩa cụ thể của câu
văn để suy ra.
3
LƯU Ý NHỎ: 5 lời khuyên giúp hoàn thành nhanh và chính xác phần đọc hiểu tiếng Anh
1. Cố gắng đọc những bài viết phù hợp với trình độ.
Nếu cứ 3 từ bạn lại phải dừng để tra từ mới một lần thì bài đọc đó chẳng còn gì thú vị và bạn
sẽ nhanh chóng mất hết hứng thú để tiếp tục học tiếng Anh.
2. Ghi chú bên cạnh những từ mới.

Nếu có khoảng 4 đến 5 từ mới trong một trang, hãy viết chúng vào trong sổ từ. Nhưng bạn
không cần phải làm ngay việc này khi đang đọc dở. Thay vì làm vậy, hãy cố gắng đoán nghĩa của
chúng khi bạn đọc, đánh dấu và xem lại khi bạn đã đọc xong để tra từ trong từ điển và ghi lại vào
vở từ vựng.
3. Cố gắng đọc một cách thường xuyên.

Chẳng hạn, bạn có thể đọc một đoạn ngắn mỗi ngày. 15 phút mỗi ngày sẽ hiệu quả hơn là 2
tiếng một ngày chủ nhật. Ví dụ, bạn có thể dành 15 phút trước khi đi ngủ, khi ngủ dậy hay khi ăn
trưa để đọc.
4. Hãy chuẩn bị sẵn sàng mọi thứ cho việc đọc

Ví dụ như thứ gì đó để đọc, bút nhớ để đánh dấu, từ điển, sổ từ vựng và bút để ghi lại từ mới.
5. Đọc những gì mà bạn yêu thích hay quan tâm.

Hãy chọn một cuốn tạp chí hay một quyển sách nói về chủ đề mà bạn cảm thấy hứng thú.
Bài viết của người bản xứ là cơ hội tuyệt vời để học ngữ pháp. Văn viết có những yêu cầu
nghiêm ngặt về độ chính xác của những cấu trúc ngữ pháp, vậy nên khi làm bài đọc bằng tiếng Anh,
bạn có thể đồng thời học ngữ pháp một cách tự nhiên và chuẩn xác.
4
MẸO LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU – EXERCISES
Exercise 1:
The debate over vending machines in schools is not new. For a long time, regional governments
and public schools have been deliberating on whether or not it is a good idea to have vending
machines in schools. In America, for example, only one state has banned these machines in its public
schools. Around the country, however, most state schools have different rules about how many and
how often vending machines should be accessible to students. Although some people believe that
having these drink and snack machines in schools is a good idea, others contend that there are many
disadvantages, too.
Doctors and other health workers, for instance, suggest that them disadvantage of having
vending machines in schools is based on health nutrition. They cite statistics that show school-aged
children have no balanced diets, often due to eating too much fast food. If vending machines a
introduced to schools, children will have yet another option for eating unhealthy foods. In a survey of
vending machine sales across the country, was found that sweet drinks like colas and sugary snacks
like candy bars were the biggest sellers. Sugary foods and drinks commonly cause obesity in
consumers. Opponents of vending machines in schools worry that we are teaching children to be
obese. Considering the problem of childhood obesity, it is plausible to say that children’s health
problems will only get worse if vending machines are allowed in schools.
(Source: Academic Pathways)
Question 1. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the impact of vending machines on American children
B. how vending machines improve children’s health
C. the issue of vending machines used at American public schools
D. what type of vending machines is allowed in schools
Question 2. The word “others” in paragraph 1 refers to _________.
A. schools B. students
C. machines D. people
Question 3. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the use of vending
machines in America?
A. Most public schools in America allow the use of vending machines.
B. Vending machines are not allowed in all American public schools.
C. Only one state allows the use of vending machines at public schools.
D. Some vending machines are allowed to be accessible to students.
Question 4. The word “Opponents” in paragraph 2 almost means ______.
A. anti-fans B. supporters
C. objectors D. partners
5
Question 5. It is stated in paragraph 2 that _______.
A. school-aged children are having poorly balanced diets due to vending machines at schools
B. school-aged children are eating too much fast food, hence having poorly balanced diets
C. school-aged children are drinking too much cola and eating too much sugary snacks
D. school-aged children are getting obese because of eating too much unhealthy foods
Exercise 2:
Bitcoins are a form of virtual currency. In other words, they are a type of money that does not
exist in the actual world. However, they can be used to purchase actual products and services from
real companies. The bitcoin system was created in 2009 by an enigmatic person named Satoshi
Nakamoto. In fact, no one is sure if Satoshi Nakamoto is an actual person or a group of people.
Bitcoins are designed to serve as an alternative to national currencies, such as dollars and euros. They
can be used to pay for things online instead of cash or credit cards. When bitcoins are transferred
from a buyer to a seller, the transaction is recorded in a public database.
Governments are concerned that bitcoins can easily be stolen by hackers. It has dawned on
them that they might be used for illegal purposes. For example, stolen goods could be purchased
without the government’s knowledge. Although more and more companies are beginning to accept
bitcoins, the percentage of purchases made using bitcoins is minuscule compared to other online
payment methods, such as credit cards. Instead, many bitcoin owners simply keep them as an
investment since they believe their bitcoins will be more valuable in the future.
This may or may not be a wise approach. Currently, the value of bitcoins is fluctuating wildly,
especially when compared to highly stable national currencies. Bitcoin investors are gambling on the
hope that as this high-tech money becomes more widely accepted, its value will soar.
Question 1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A new kind of currency in the virtual world
B. A way of doing business in the virtual world
C. An alternative to bitcoins created by Nakamoto
D. The future of bitcoins in the real world
Question 2. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.
A. dollars B. euros C. things D. bitcoins
Question 3. The word “minuscule” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. considerable B. small C. minimal D. increasing
Question 4. Why are bitcoins of great concern to governments?
A. Because the value of bitcoins is fluctuating wildly.
B. Because bitcoins will eventually replace national currencies.
C. Because bitcoins may be used in illegal transactions.
D. Because most of bitcoin owners are hackers.
Question 5. Which of the following is defined in the passage?
A. Bitcoins B. Transactions C. Credit cards D. Public Databases
6
Exercise 3:
The past fifty years or so have seen the gradual disappearing of animals from this earth, fishes
from the sea, trees and plants from the land.
Many factors result in this unpleasant phenomenon. Among them, hunting is the main factor that
endangers wildlife. Some people kill wildlife for sport. They take pleasure in collecting heads and
hides. Yet others specialize in commercial hunting like killing whales.
Apart from this, the rapidly growing human population threatens wildlife on baland, too. Towns
expand and roads have to be built, so forests are burnt and trees are chopped down. It seems that
man needs every inch of land within his reach, so he moves on to the natural habitat of wildlife.
Tigers, lions and leopards slowly die off without the food and shelter that the forests provide.
In addition, rapid urbanization means industrial expansion. Very often, poisonous chemicals,
industrial wastes and oil are dumped into the rivers and seas. Fish and birds are threatened. Man
depends greatly on animals for survival. He needs their flesh, hides and furs. Thus, man cannot do
without wildlife; or he himself would become extinct. The public should be made aware that it would
be better to shoot the animals with a camera than with a gun. In this way, they can preserve and help
wildlife to continue living rather than to remove all signs of it.
Man must learn to farm the sea as he does the land. He should regulate the amount and the
frequency of his catch. He should allow fish to breed and multiply before netting them. Man also
needs to build forest reserves, and to pass laws prohibiting the killing of animals, especially those that
are already the seas and rivers and to prevent pollution.
The cycle of nature is such that it forms a vicious circle. The insecticides and pesticides that we
spray on crops can kill the birds and animals that feed on them. When man eats these poisoned
animals, he himself can die. We must therefore test the chemicals to be used before they are sprayed
or it might mean the death of man!
(Source: http://fasterreading.com)
Question 1. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ______.
A. explain how important wildlife is to human beings
B. call people’s attention to serious problem of pollution
C. explain the relationship between wildlife and human beings
D. call people’s attention to the protection of wildlife
Question 2. According to the passage, what has happened to the wildlife in the past fifty years or
so?
A. Animals, fishes, trees and plants are becoming smaller in number.
B. Most animals, fishes, trees and plants are disappearing from the Earth.
7
C. Animals, fishes, trees and plants can no longer live on the Earth.
D. The number of animals, fishes, trees and plants has suddenly dropped.
Question 3. According to the passage, the biggest threat to wildlife is _______.
A. various kinds of hunting
B. the growing number of human beings
C. industrial expansion
D. rapid urbanization
Question 4. The phrase “commercial hunting” in paragraph 2 refers to the kind of hunting for ___.
A. sports B. pleasure C. money D. hobby
Question 5. The growing human population threatens wildlife because _______.
A. more people like to go hunting B. people move to live in forests
C. people take land from animals D. people eat more and more animals
Question 6. The phrase “natural habitat of wildlife” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. forests B. trees C. land D. shelter amoup
Question 7. According to the passage, fishes are threatened by ______.
A. urbanization and hunting
B. industrial expansion in the urban areas
C. growing human population
D. poisonous chemicals, industrial wastes and oil
Question 8. The last paragraph is mainly about _______.
A. the importance of wildlife to human beings
B. the ways to make people aware of the problem
C. how to help wildlife to continue living
D. how to solve the problem of pollution
Exercise 4:
When people think about bats, they often picture small, black creatures flying through the night.
They imagine these animals swooping down on unsuspecting people and biting onto their necks or
getting tangled in their hair. They seem to be very scary animals. However, this view of bats is
incorrect. There are about 1,240 different species of bats, and they have many different lifestyles. Far
from being monsters or pests, bats are usually quite helpful to their environments. One example is the
giant golden-crowned flying fox from the Philippines.
The rainforests of the Philippines would be far different if it wasn’t for the giant golden-crowned
flying fox. This large bat is a fruit eater which lives to eat fresh figs and other fruits. As the flying foxes
fly through the forests, they often drop the seeds from their meals and spread them across the land.
This has earned them the nickname of The Silent Planter.
Without include flying foxes, the rainforests would not be able to grow so efficiently. The giant
golden-crowned flying fox is also the largest of all bals. It weighs up to 1.2 kilograms, and it has a
wingspan of 1.5 meters. Despite this impressive size, the flying fox is not scary to look at. In fact, it’s
8
quite cute. The bat’s nose comes to a point, and its big ears are on top of its head looks a lot like a
fox. Its appearance is what has given the bat its name.
Unfortunately, the giant golden-crowned flying fox is an endangered animal. It lives only in the
rainforests of the Philippines, and those rainforests are shrinking due to human activity. Today, the
rainforest in the Philippines is only about 20% of the size it once was. In addition, people are hunting
the bats for food. Since the flying fox spends its day sleeping in large groups, it is easy for hunters to
harvest the bats for their meat. On some of the islands of the Philippines the bats have already
completely disappeared.
If the giant golden-crowned flying foxes are to be saved from extinction, people will need to
change their ways. The forests must be protected, and the eating of bat meat must be stopped. After
these things are achieved, humans could further help the bats by introducing a breeding program to
raise bats in captivity. People have the ability to save the giant golden- crowned flying fox, but do
they have the will?
(Source: Reading Planet)
Question 1. When people think about bats, what do they often picture?
A. bats living many different lifestyles
B. bats of thousands of different species flying around
C. bats attacking people and biting onto their necks
D. bats being helpful to our environment
Question 2. According to the passage, what does the giant golden-crowned flying fox feed on?
A. animal blood B. human blood C. leaves D. fruits
Question 3. The word “earned” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. given B. took C. entitled D. honored
Question 4. Why is it called the giant golden-crowned flying fox?
A. because of its habitat B. because of its appearance
C. because of its diet D. because of its lifestyle
Question 5. The word “wingspan” in paragraph 3 describes ______.
A. a physical feature of the giant golden-crowned flying fox
B. a social behavior of the giant golden-crowned flying fox
C. the prominent beauty that is unique to the giant bat
D. the length of the feather on golden-crowned flying fox
Question 6. Which of the following statements is true about the giant golden-crowned flying fox?
A. People hunt them for their skin and feathers.
B. They stand 1.5 meters high when fully grown-up.
C. Scientists have already introduced a breeding program.
D. Their only habitat is the rainforests of the Philippines.
Question 7. The word “shrinking” in paragraph 4 mostly means _______.
A. becoming smaller in area B. enlarging
C. thickening D. growing in area
9
Question 8. Which of the following statements about the giant golden-crowned flying fox is NOT
true?
A. They are the largest of all bats.
B. They are extinct on some of the Philippines islands.
C. They sleep at night and hunt during the day.
D. They look like a fox.
Exercise 5:
DISABILITY ON TV
Nine official complaints have so far been lodged with the BBC - plus many more blog postings
– about 29-year-old children’s television presenter Cerrie Burnell, who was born with only one hand.
Parents have complained that they cannot let their children watch her because the sight will probably
cause sleep problems”, that she is scaring toddlers, and that they are being forced to discuss the issue
of disability with their offspring before they are ready.
Altogether, it makes you glad that the medieval witch-hunters weren’t Internet-enabled. The
comments of course reveal nothing about the children’s true feelings and everything about those of
the adults involved. Very young children do not have profound concerns about disability. I worked for
several years, on and off, at a school for physically disabled children and it was never their able-
bodied peers who were the problem when our paths crossed on school outings, but their parents, who
kept them pinioned to their sides and made sure they turned their faces away. If a curious child ever
did slip out of his mother’s vice-like grip and come over, he or she would ask a few unabashed
questions about what the problem was, want to press buttons on a few wheelchairs, and accept quite
happily the explanations offered. To a young child, it is just another element of a large and confusing
world that they want to find out about, no more fearsome or embarrassing than any other.
No, Burnell’s arm is likely only to give parents nightmares. It is they who do not want to confront
disabilities, not now, not at teatime, not ever. To let your toddler be scared every day that Burnell has
hurt herself rather than explain the truth is a failure of parenting, not an imposition by the BBC. And
toddlers are frightened of lots of things. My two-year-old godson is currently terrified by trees (“Too
scary! Too scary!”). His mother isn’t out felling all nearby arboreal horrors - she’s taking him on extra
visits to the park.
So, it should be here, though increasing exposure to presenters with disabilities is going to be
tricky. I can only think of performer Mat Fraser, who appears occasionally on television, often
presenting programmes about living with the shortened limbs caused by Thalidomide, and even more
occasional screen appearances by the actor and stand-up comedian Francesca Martinez, who has
cerebral palsy. Perhaps the most frequently seen is BBC security correspondent Frank Gardner, who
has used a wheelchair since being shot while reporting from Riyadh five years ago.
But the strength of reaction to Burnell’s missing hand shows that she remains something of a
pioneer. There is still a lot of ignorance to get through. Or a lot of ignoramuses to get through to.
(Source: The Guardian Online)
10
Question 1. According to the passage, the complaints stem from parents ______.
A. whose children are suffering from nightmares
B. who are anxious about tackling controversial issues
C. who have uncovered information about the presenter on the Internet
D. whose children suffer from similar conditions and are now asking questions
Question 2. Which of the following best describes those making the complaints?
A. reactionary B. warranted C. contemptible D. contemptible
Question 3. According to the passage, on past school trips with disabled children ________.
A. it was grown-ups who were the most inquisitive
B. they mingled happily with able-bodied children
C. the sight could often distress very young children
D. adults tended to display the most extreme reactions
Question 4. The word “unabashed” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ________.
A. brazen B. shameless C. frank D. outspoken
Question 5. It is implied in the passage that for children, disabilities are _______.
A. extremely difficult to empathize with
B. likely to confuse their view of the world
C. a source of anxiety
D. simply one more bewildering issue to be explored
Question 6. Telling children that the presenter has been injured ______.
A. is a story that the BBC is wrong to promote
B. potentially does far more harm than candour would
C. is likely to make young children mistrustful of adults
D. panders to parents with bigoted views
Question 7. The word “arboreal” in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by _______.
A. immature B. tree-like C. fearsome D. irrational
Question 8. The writer suggests that the disabled on TV are ______.
A. sufficiently represented in the UK
B. an inspiration to other people with disabilities
C. limited to appearing on programmes aimed at the disabled
D. still the victims of prejudice from certain quarters
11
MẸO LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU – KEY EXERCISES
Exercise 1:
The debate over vending machines in schools is not new. For a long time, regional governments
and public schools have been deliberating on whether or not it is a good idea to have vending
machines in schools. In America, for example, only one state has banned these machines in its public
schools. Around the country, however, most state schools have different rules about how many and
how often vending machines should be accessible to students. Although some people believe that
having these drink and snack machines in schools is a good idea, others contend that there are many
disadvantages, too.
Doctors and other health workers, for instance, suggest that them disadvantage of having
vending machines in schools is based on health nutrition. They cite statistics that show school-aged
children have no balanced diets, often due to eating too much fast food. If vending machines a
introduced to schools, children will have yet another option for eating unhealthy foods. In a survey of
vending machine sales across the country, was found that sweet drinks like colas and sugary snacks
like candy bars were the biggest sellers. Sugary foods and drinks commonly cause obesity in
consumers. Opponents of vending machines in schools worry that we are teaching children to be
obese. Considering the problem of childhood obesity, it is plausible to say that children’s health
problems will only get worse if vending machines are allowed in schools.
(Source: Academic Pathways)
Question 1. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the impact of vending machines on American children
B. how vending machines improve children’s health
C. the issue of vending machines used at American public schools
D. what type of vending machines is allowed in schools
Question 2. The word “others” in paragraph 1 refers to _________.
A. schools B. students
C. machines D. people
Question 3. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the use of vending
machines in America?
A. Most public schools in America allow the use of vending machines.
B. Vending machines are not allowed in all American public schools.
C. Only one state allows the use of vending machines at public schools.
D. Some vending machines are allowed to be accessible to students.
Question 4. The word “Opponents” in paragraph 2 almost means ______.
A. anti-fans B. supporters
C. objectors D. partners
12
Question 5. It is stated in paragraph 2 that _______.
A. school-aged children are having poorly balanced diets due to vending machines at schools
B. school-aged children are eating too much fast food, hence having poorly balanced diets
C. school-aged children are drinking too much cola and eating too much sugary snacks
D. school-aged children are getting obese because of eating too much unhealthy foods
Exercise 2:
Bitcoins are a form of virtual currency. In other words, they are a type of money that does not
exist in the actual world. However, they can be used to purchase actual products and services from
real companies. The bitcoin system was created in 2009 by an enigmatic person named Satoshi
Nakamoto. In fact, no one is sure if Satoshi Nakamoto is an actual person or a group of people.
Bitcoins are designed to serve as an alternative to national currencies, such as dollars and euros. They
can be used to pay for things online instead of cash or credit cards. When bitcoins are transferred
from a buyer to a seller, the transaction is recorded in a public database.
Governments are concerned that bitcoins can easily be stolen by hackers. It has dawned on
them that they might be used for illegal purposes. For example, stolen goods could be purchased
without the government’s knowledge. Although more and more companies are beginning to accept
bitcoins, the percentage of purchases made using bitcoins is minuscule compared to other online
payment methods, such as credit cards. Instead, many bitcoin owners simply keep them as an
investment since they believe their bitcoins will be more valuable in the future.
This may or may not be a wise approach. Currently, the value of bitcoins is fluctuating wildly,
especially when compared to highly stable national currencies. Bitcoin investors are gambling on the
hope that as this high-tech money becomes more widely accepted, its value will soar.
Question 1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A new kind of currency in the virtual world
B. A way of doing business in the virtual world
C. An alternative to bitcoins created by Nakamoto
D. The future of bitcoins in the real world
Question 2. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.
A. dollars B. euros C. things D. bitcoins
Question 3. The word “minuscule” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. considerable B. small C. minimal D. increasing
Question 4. Why are bitcoins of great concern to governments?
A. Because the value of bitcoins is fluctuating wildly.
B. Because bitcoins will eventually replace national currencies.
C. Because bitcoins may be used in illegal transactions.
D. Because most of bitcoin owners are hackers.
Question 5. Which of the following is defined in the passage?
A. Bitcoins B. Transactions C. Credit cards D. Public Databases
13
Exercise 3:
The past fifty years or so have seen the gradual disappearing of animals from this earth, fishes
from the sea, trees and plants from the land.
Many factors result in this unpleasant phenomenon. Among them, hunting is the main factor that
endangers wildlife. Some people kill wildlife for sport. They take pleasure in collecting heads and
hides. Yet others specialize in commercial hunting like killing whales.
Apart from this, the rapidly growing human population threatens wildlife on baland, too. Towns
expand and roads have to be built, so forests are burnt and trees are chopped down. It seems that
man needs every inch of land within his reach, so he moves on to the natural habitat of wildlife.
Tigers, lions and leopards slowly die off without the food and shelter that the forests provide.
In addition, rapid urbanization means industrial expansion. Very often, poisonous chemicals,
industrial wastes and oil are dumped into the rivers and seas. Fish and birds are threatened. Man
depends greatly on animals for survival. He needs their flesh, hides and furs. Thus, man cannot do
without wildlife; or he himself would become extinct. The public should be made aware that it would
be better to shoot the animals with a camera than with a gun. In this way, they can preserve and help
wildlife to continue living rather than to remove all signs of it.
The cycle of nature is such that it forms a vicious circle. The insecticides and pesticides that we
spray on crops can kill the birds and animals that feed on them. When man eats these poisoned
animals, he himself can die. We must therefore test the chemicals to be used before they are sprayed
or it might mean the death of man!
(Source: http://fasterreading.com)
Question 1. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ______.
A. explain how important wildlife is to human beings
B. call people’s attention to serious problem of pollution
C. explain the relationship between wildlife and human beings
D. call people’s attention to the protection of wildlife
Question 2. According to the passage, what has happened to the wildlife in the past fifty years or
so?
A. Animals, fishes, trees and plants are becoming smaller in number.
B. Most animals, fishes, trees and plants are disappearing from the Earth.
14
C. Animals, fishes, trees and plants can no longer live on the Earth.
D. The number of animals, fishes, trees and plants has suddenly dropped.
Question 3. According to the passage, the biggest threat to wildlife is _______.
A. various kinds of hunting
B. the growing number of human beings
C. industrial expansion
D. rapid urbanization
Question 4. The phrase “commercial hunting” in paragraph 2 refers to the kind of hunting for ___.
A. sports B. pleasure C. money D. hobby
Question 5. The growing human population threatens wildlife because _______.
A. more people like to go hunting B. people move to live in forests
C. people take land from animals D. people eat more and more animals
Question 6. The phrase “natural habitat of wildlife” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. forests B. trees C. land D. shelter amoup
Question 7. According to the passage, fishes are threatened by ______.
A. urbanization and hunting
B. industrial expansion in the urban areas
C. growing human population
D. poisonous chemicals, industrial wastes and oil
Question 8. The last paragraph is mainly about _______.
A. the importance of wildlife to human beings
B. the ways to make people aware of the problem
C. how to help wildlife to continue living
D. how to solve the problem of pollution
Exercise 4:
When people think about bats, they often picture small, black creatures flying through the night.
They imagine these animals swooping down on unsuspecting people and biting onto their necks or
getting tangled in their hair. They seem to be very scary animals. However, this view of bats is
incorrect. There are about 1,240 different species of bats, and they have many different lifestyles. Far
from being monsters or pests, bats are usually quite helpful to their environments. One example is the
giant golden-crowned flying fox from the Philippines.
The rainforests of the Philippines would be far different if it wasn’t for the giant golden-crowned
flying fox. This large bat is a fruit eater which lives to eat fresh figs and other fruits. As the flying foxes
fly through the forests, they often drop the seeds from their meals and spread them across the land.
This has earned them the nickname of The Silent Planter.
Without include flying foxes, the rainforests would not be able to grow so efficiently. The giant
golden-crowned flying fox is also the largest of all bals. It weighs up to 1.2 kilograms, and it has a
wingspan of 1.5 meters. Despite this impressive size, the flying fox is not scary to look at. In fact, it’s
15
quite cute. The bat’s nose comes to a point, and its big ears are on top of its head looks a lot like a
fox. Its appearance is what has given the bat its name.
Unfortunately, the giant golden-crowned flying fox is an endangered animal. It lives only in the
rainforests of the Philippines, and those rainforests are shrinking due to human activity. Today, the
rainforest in the Philippines is only about 20% of the size it once was. In addition, people are hunting
the bats for food. Since the flying fox spends its day sleeping in large groups, it is easy for hunters to
harvest the bats for their meat. On some of the islands of the Philippines the bats have already
completely disappeared.
If the giant golden-crowned flying foxes are to be saved from extinction, people will need to
change their ways. The forests must be protected, and the eating of bat meat must be stopped. After
these things are achieved, humans could further help the bats by introducing a breeding program to
raise bats in captivity. People have the ability to save the giant golden- crowned flying fox, but do
they have the will?
(Source: Reading Planet)
Question 1. When people think about bats, what do they often picture?
A. bats living many different lifestyles
B. bats of thousands of different species flying around
C. bats attacking people and biting onto their necks
D. bats being helpful to our environment
Question 2. According to the passage, what does the giant golden-crowned flying fox feed on?
A. animal blood B. human blood C. leaves D. fruits
Question 3. The word “earned” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. given B. took C. entitled D. honored
Question 4. Why is it called the giant golden-crowned flying fox?
A. because of its habitat B. because of its appearance
C. because of its diet D. because of its lifestyle
Question 5. The word “wingspan” in paragraph 3 describes ______.
A. a physical feature of the giant golden-crowned flying fox
B. a social behavior of the giant golden-crowned flying fox
C. the prominent beauty that is unique to the giant bat
D. the length of the feather on golden-crowned flying fox
Question 6. Which of the following statements is true about the giant golden-crowned flying fox?
A. People hunt them for their skin and feathers.
B. They stand 1.5 meters high when fully grown-up.
C. Scientists have already introduced a breeding program.
D. Their only habitat is the rainforests of the Philippines.
Question 7. The word “shrinking” in paragraph 4 mostly means _______.
A. becoming smaller in area B. enlarging
C. thickening D. growing in area
16
Question 8. Which of the following statements about the giant golden-crowned flying fox is NOT
true?
A. They are the largest of all bats.
B. They are extinct on some of the Philippines islands.
C. They sleep at night and hunt during the day.
D. They look like a fox.
Exercise 5:
DISABILITY ON TV
Nine official complaints have so far been lodged with the BBC - plus many more blog postings
– about 29-year-old children’s television presenter Cerrie Burnell, who was born with only one hand.
Parents have complained that they cannot let their children watch her because the sight will probably
cause sleep problems”, that she is scaring toddlers, and that they are being forced to discuss the issue
of disability with their offspring before they are ready.
Altogether, it makes you glad that the medieval witch-hunters weren’t Internet-enabled. The
comments of course reveal nothing about the children’s true feelings and everything about those of
the adults involved. Very young children do not have profound concerns about disability. I worked for
several years, on and off, at a school for physically disabled children and it was never their able-
bodied peers who were the problem when our paths crossed on school outings, but their parents, who
kept them pinioned to their sides and made sure they turned their faces away. If a curious child ever
did slip out of his mother’s vice-like grip and come over, he or she would ask a few unabashed
questions about what the problem was, want to press buttons on a few wheelchairs, and accept quite
happily the explanations offered. To a young child, it is just another element of a large and confusing
world that they want to find out about, no more fearsome or embarrassing than any other.
No, Burnell’s arm is likely only to give parents nightmares. It is they who do not want to confront
disabilities, not now, not at teatime, not ever. To let your toddler be scared every day that Burnell has
hurt herself rather than explain the truth is a failure of parenting, not an imposition by the BBC. And
toddlers are frightened of lots of things. My two-year-old godson is currently terrified by trees (“Too
scary! Too scary!”). His mother isn’t out felling all nearby arboreal horrors - she’s taking him on extra
visits to the park.
So, it should be here, though increasing exposure to presenters with disabilities is going to be
tricky. I can only think of performer Mat Fraser, who appears occasionally on television, often
presenting programmes about living with the shortened limbs caused by Thalidomide, and even more
occasional screen appearances by the actor and stand-up comedian Francesca Martinez, who has
cerebral palsy. Perhaps the most frequently seen is BBC security correspondent Frank Gardner, who
has used a wheelchair since being shot while reporting from Riyadh five years ago.
But the strength of reaction to Burnell’s missing hand shows that she remains something of a
pioneer. There is still a lot of ignorance to get through. Or a lot of ignoramuses to get through to.
(Source: The Guardian Online)
17
Question 1. According to the passage, the complaints stem from parents ______.
A. whose children are suffering from nightmares
B. who are anxious about tackling controversial issues
C. who have uncovered information about the presenter on the Internet
D. whose children suffer from similar conditions and are now asking questions
Question 2. Which of the following best describes those making the complaints?
A. reactionary B. warranted C. contemptible D. contemptible
Question 3. According to the passage, on past school trips with disabled children ________.
A. it was grown-ups who were the most inquisitive
B. they mingled happily with able-bodied children
C. the sight could often distress very young children
D. adults tended to display the most extreme reactions
Question 4. The word “unabashed” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ________.
A. brazen B. shameless C. frank D. outspoken
Question 5. It is implied in the passage that for children, disabilities are _______.
A. extremely difficult to empathize with
B. likely to confuse their view of the world
C. a source of anxiety
D. simply one more bewildering issue to be explored
Question 6. Telling children that the presenter has been injured ______.
A. is a story that the BBC is wrong to promote
B. potentially does far more harm than candour would
C. is likely to make young children mistrustful of adults
D. panders to parents with bigoted views
Question 7. The word “arboreal” in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by _______.
A. immature B. tree-like C. fearsome D. irrational
Question 8. The writer suggests that the disabled on TV are ______.
A. sufficiently represented in the UK
B. an inspiration to other people with disabilities
C. limited to appearing on programmes aimed at the disabled
D. still the victims of prejudice from certain quarters
18
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 3+4
TRỌNG ÂM VỚI
TỪ GHÉP
TRỌNG ÂM VỚI TỪ GHÉP
Từ ghép (compound word), bao gồm danh từ ghép, tính từ ghép, và động từ ghép. Từ ghép là
từ được tạo thành bằng cách ghép 2 từ đơn với nhau.
1. Danh từ ghép (compound noun) / Cụm danh từ

Đối với danh từ ghép hoặc cụm danh từ, người ta luôn nhấn vào trọng âm của từ đầu tiên.
FOOTball HIGHway
HOTdog MAILbox
BOOKcase RAILway
KEYboard PLAYground
RAILway TOOTHpaste
BLACKboard NOTEbook
2. Tính từ ghép (compound adjective)

- Nếu danh từ đứng trước, trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ nhất.
- Nếu có tính từ hoặc trạng từ đứng trước, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào phần thứ hai.
Danh từ đứng trước Tính từ/trạng từ đứng trước

HOMEsick Old-FASHIONED
HEART-broken Good-LOOKING
CARsick Fast-CHANGING
BED-ridden
3. Động từ ghép (compound verb)

Hầu hết các động từ ghép có trọng âm chính rơi vào phần thứ 2.
overFLOW outRUN
underESTIMATE underCUT
overSEE outPERFORM
19
TRỌNG ÂM VỚI TỪ GHÉP – EXERCISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. respiratory B. initiative C. eco-friendly D. renewable

Question 2. A. understand B. underground C. undertone D. undercut
Question 3. A. anymore B. everybody C. everyday D. evergreen
Question 4. A. external B. interact C. picturesque D. well-informed
Question 5. A. intellectual B. introduce C. faraway D. dishwasher
Question 6. A. old-fashioned B. fast-changing C. oversee D. baseball
Question 7. A. stop sign B. policemen C. sunburn D. seafood
Question 8. A. ourselves B. self-conscious C. duty-free D. house-sit
Question 9. A. half-full B. waterproof C. silver-plated D. home-made
Question 10. A. panic-stricken B. deep-sea C. good-looking D. air-conditioned
Highlight, underline, or circle the syllable that will receive the primary stress for each of the
following words.
wind-blown, full-length, red-carpet, half-price, second-hand, kind-hearted, hair-raising, record-

breaking, easy-going, long-lasting, well-known, olive-skinned, lion-hearted, snow-white, bedroom, top-
most, brand-new, newly-born, far-reaching, money-making, right-angled, strong-minded
20
TRỌNG ÂM VỚI TỪ GHÉP – KEY EXERCISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. respiratory B. initiative C. eco-friendly D. renewable

Question 2. A. understand B. underground C. undertone D. undercut
Question 3. A. anymore B. everybody C. everyday D. evergreen
Question 4. A. external B. interact C. picturesque D. well-informed
Question 5. A. intellectual B. introduce C. faraway D. dishwasher
Question 6. A. old-fashioned B. fast-changing C. oversee D. baseball
Question 7. A. stop sign B. policemen C. sunburn D. seafood
Question 8. A. ourselves B. self-conscious C. duty-free D. house-sit
Question 9. A. half-full B. waterproof C. silver-plated D. home-made
Question 10. A. panic-stricken B. deep-sea C. good-looking D. air-conditioned
Highlight, underline, or circle the syllable that will receive the primary stress for each of the
following words.
wind-blown, full-length, red-carpet, half-price, second-hand, kind-hearted, hair-raising, record-

breaking, easy-going, long-lasting, well-known, olive-skinned, lion-hearted, snow-white, bedroom,
top-most, brand-new, newly-born, far-reaching, money-making, right-angled, strong-minded
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INTRODUCING
NGÀY 5+6
CÁC DẠNG SAI
TRONG BÀI
SỬA LỖI SAI
CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI
Dạng bài tìm lỗi sai trong câu là một dạng bài không khó, nhưng vẫn gây nhiều khó khăn cho
các em học sinh, chủ yếu là do câu đưa ra tương đối dài và có phần tỏ ra “nguy hiểm” khi có nhiều
câu đề cập đến các kiến thức khá phức tạp và mang tính chất chuyên ngành. Tuy nhiên, các em hãy
nhớ là: Loại câu hỏi này thường tập trung lỗi sai vào các lĩnh vực: ngữ pháp, từ vựng và cụm từ cố
định mà chủ yếu nhất là ngữ pháp.
Vì vậy muốn xử lý tốt dạng bài này, các em cần ôn tập và nắm chắc các chuyên đề ngữ pháp
quan trọng, trật tự từ và các cụm cố định thông dụng.
LƯU Ý: Trong 1 số đề cẩn thận phương án A, B, C, D không nằm đúng theo thứ tự các phần được
gạch trong câu.
CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI:
I. LỖI SAI CHÍNH TẢ

Người ra đề sẽ cho một từ viết sai chính tả (sai vì thừa hoặc thiếu chữ cái). Nhiệm vụ của các
em là phải tìm ra lỗi sai đó thông qua kiến thức từ vựng đã học.
VD: accessory - accessary, quite - quiet, historical - historic, converse - conserve, rise - raise,
breath - breathe,...
II. LỖI SAI NGỮ PHÁP

Đây là dạng phổ biến nhất trong dạng bài xác định lỗi sai. Dưới đây là một số lỗi mà các đề
thi thường yêu cầu các em tìm ra:
1. Sai về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ

Quy tắc cơ bản là chủ ngữ số ít đi với động từ chia ở dạng số ít, chủ ngữ số nhiều đi với động
từ chia ở dạng số nhiều. Ngoài ra còn có một số trường hợp khác mà các em cũng phải nắm vững.
VD: I like (A) pupils (B) who works (C) very hard (D).
Who ở đây là thay cho pupils vì vậy động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ phải phù hợp với chủ ngữ
tức ở dạng số nhiều. Do đó lỗi sai cần tìm là C.
2. Sai về thì của động từ

Nếu các em lưu ý đến trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong câu thì việc xác định thì của động từ sẽ vô
cùng dễ dàng.
VD: We (A) only get (B) home (C) from France (D) yesterday.
Do có trạng từ yesterday (hôm qua) nên động từ phải chia ở thì quá khứ - lỗi sai cần tìm là B.
22
3. Sai đại từ quan hệ
Các đại từ quan hệ who, whose, whom, which, that... đều có cách sử dụng khác nhau. Ví dụ
who thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ, which thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật...
VD: He gave (A) orders to the manager (B) whose (C) passed them (D) on to the foreman.
Whose là đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò là tính từ sở hữu. Trong trường hợp này ta dùng một đại
từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ manager. Do đó, ta dùng who – lỗi sai cần tìm là C.
4. Sai về bổ ngữ
Các em phải chú ý khi nào thì dùng to infinitive, bare infinitive hoặc V-ing.
VD: I want to travel (A) because (B) I enjoy to meet (C) people and seeing new places (D).
Ta có cấu trúc: enjoy + V-ing nên lỗi sai cần tìm là C.
5. Sai về câu điều kiện

Có 3 loại câu điều kiện với 3 cấu trúc và cách dùng khác nhau. Chỉ cần ghi nhớ và áp dụng
đúng thì việc xác định lỗi sai sẽ không hề khó khăn.
VD: What would (A) you do (B) if you will win (C) a million (D) pounds?
Đây là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại nên động từ ở mệnh đề if chia ở quá khứ. (To be
được chia là were cho tất cả các ngôi).
6. Sai về giới từ
Giới từ thường đi thành cụm cố định như to be fond of, to be fed up with, to depend on, at
least… Các em cần phải học thuộc lòng những cụm từ đó.
VD: We're relying (A) with (B) you to find (C) a solution (D) to this problem.
To rely on sb: tin cậy, trông đợi vào ai. Do đó, B là đáp án cần tìm.
7. Sai hình thức so sánh

Có 3 hình thức so sánh là so sánh bằng, so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất. Các em phải nắm vững
cấu trúc của từng loại vì người ra đề thường cho sai hình thức so sánh của tính/ trạng từ hoặc cố tình
làm lẫn giữa 3 loại so sánh với nhau.
VD: The North (A) of England (B) is as industrial (C) than the South (D).
Đây là câu so sánh hơn vì có than – as industrial phải được chuyển thành more industrial.
8. So... that... và Such... that...

Ta có 2 cấu trúc câu sau:
● So + adj/ adv + that + clause
● Such + (a/ an) + adj + n + that + clause
Quan sát câu đã cho xem có mạo từ a/ an hay danh từ hay không để dùng so hoặc such.
VD: It seems (A) like so (B) a long way to drive (C) for just (D) one day.
Có mạo từ a nên câu phải dùng cấu trúc such...that. => B là đáp án cần tìm.
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9. Many và Much
Các em học sinh cũng hay nhầm lẫn giữa many và much. Many dùng trước danh từ đếm được
số nhiều còn much dùng trước danh từ không đếm được.
VD: I don't want to invite (A) too much (B) people because (C) it's quite (D) a small flat.
People là danh từ đếm được nên phải dùng many thay cho much.
10. Dùng sai hình thức phân từ

Dạng sai này chủ yếu là về hình thức bị động hoặc chủ động nhưng cùng chủ ngữ. Cần chú ý
cả thêm về thì để xác định Having + P2 hoặc P2.
VD: Publishing (A) in 1997, the book soon (B) became (C) one of the best-sellers (D).
Câu này cần dùng hình thức bị động do chủ ngữ của cả 2 vế là “the book” nên mở đầu phải ở
hình thức P2: Published - A là đáp án cần tìm.
Tuy một bài sửa lỗi bao hàm vô số các lỗi sai có thể xảy ra, nhưng trên đây là một số các lỗi
sai chủ yếu thường hay thi. Các em chú ý học tập, làm nhiều câu sẽ vỡ ra nhiều dạng, cố gắng chiến
đấu, làm bài dần dần sẽ tiến bộ, có phản xạ khi đọc đề.
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CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI – EXERCISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 1. The boy is hoping to consider for the leading role in the school play.
A B C D
Question 2. The Niagara Falls, one of the world's most famous waterfalls, lay half in North America
A B C
and half in Canada.
D
Question 3. Sylvia Earle, an underwater explorer and marine biologist, who was born in the USA in
A B C D
1935.
Question 4. The first half of the game was pretty boring because the players did not take enough
A B C D
effort.
Question 5. At present, advertising is one of the most strictly regulated industry in the United States.
A B C D
Question 6. A blog provides commentary or news on a particular subject, and its contents are
A B
displayed in a reverse order so that people can see them from the late news.
C D
Question 7. Although some critics do not consider J.K. Rowling as a terrific writer, but they cannot
A B C
deny that J.K.Rowling is an excellent storyteller.
D
Question 8. Many have died and missing from floods and landslides caused by heavy rain, and
A B
thousands have been evacuated from their homes, as a tropical depression has swept across
C D
northern and central Vietnam.
Question 9. Beethoven went through the adversity of being deaf before he became one of the greatest
A B C
composers of all times.
D
Question 10. In case it will rain hard this afternoon, you should take the raincoat with you.
A B C D
25
CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI – KEY EXERCISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 1. The boy is hoping to consider for the leading role in the school play.
A B C D
Question 2. The Niagara Falls, one of the world's most famous waterfalls, lay half in North America
A B C
and half in Canada.
D
Question 3. Sylvia Earle, an underwater explorer and marine biologist, who was born in the USA in
A B C D
1935.
Question 4. The first half of the game was pretty boring because the players did not take enough
A B C D
effort.
Question 5. At present, advertising is one of the most strictly regulated industry in the United States.
A B C D
Question 6. A blog provides commentary or news on a particular subject, and its contents are
A B
displayed in a reverse order so that people can see them from the late news.
C D
Question 7. Although some critics do not consider J.K. Rowling as a terrific writer, but they cannot
A B C
deny that J.K.Rowling is an excellent storyteller.
D
Question 8. Many have died and missing from floods and landslides caused by heavy rain, and
A B
thousands have been evacuated from their homes, as a tropical depression has swept across
C D
northern and central Vietnam.
Question 9. Beethoven went through the adversity of being deaf before he became one of the greatest
A B C
composers of all times.
D
Question 10. In case it will rain hard this afternoon, you should take the raincoat with you.
A B C D
26
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 7+8
MẠO TỪ VÀ
NHỮNG LỖI
THƯỜNG GẶP
MẠO TỪ VÀ NHỮNG LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP
Mạo từ là 1 mục kiến thức cực kì thường gặp trong tiếng Anh nhưng vẫn có nhiều bạn còn hoang
mang, chưa quen và không biết khi nào thì cần dùng mạo từ trong câu. Tuy vậy, đừng quá hoang
mang vì bài chia sẻ 8+ sau đây sẽ giúp các bạn có cái nhìn tổng quan về mạo từ và những cách xác
định mạo từ dễ hiểu nhất. Bắt đầu thôi nào!!
1. Mạo từ xác định là “cái gì” thế?

Trong tiếng Anh, Mạo từ (article) được chia làm 2 loại:
• Mạo từ xác định (definite article): THE
• Mạo từ không xác định (Indefinite artcile): A/ AN
2. Khi nào dùng “THE”?

The được dùng khi danh từ chỉ đối tượng được cả người nói lẫn người nghe biết rõ đối tượng
nào đó: đối tượng đó là ai, cái gì. Các trường hợp cụ thể:
Khi vật thể hay nhóm vật thể là duy nhất hoặc Ví dụ: The sun (mặt trời), the world (thế giới), the
được xem là duy nhất earth (trái đất)
Trước một danh từ nếu danh từ này vừa được đề I see a dog. The dog is chasing a cat. The cat is
cập trước đó chasing a mouse. (Tôi thấy 1 chú chó. Chú chó
đó đang đuổi theo 1 con mèo. Con mèo đó đang
đuổi theo 1 con chuột.)
Trước một danh từ nếu danh từ này được xác The teacher that I met yesterday is my sister in
bằng 1 cụm từ hoặc 1 mệnh đề law. (Cô giáo tôi gặp hôm qua là chị dâu tôi.)
Đặt trước một danh từ chỉ một đồ vật riêng biệt - Please pass the jar of honey. (Làm ơn hãy đưa
mà người nói và người nghe đều hiểu cho tôi lọ mật ong với.)
- My father is cooking in the kitchen room. (Bố
tôi đang nấu ăn trong nhà bếp.)
Trước so sánh nhất (đứng trước first, second, - BLACKPINK are the best in my life. (Trong đời
only..) khi các từ này được dùng như tính từ hoặc tôi, BLACKPINK là nhất!)
đại từ. - He is the tallest person in the world. (Anh ấy là
người cao nhất thế giới.)
The + danh từ số ít: tượng trưng cho một nhóm - The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (Cá
thú vật hoặc đồ vật voi đang trong nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.)
- The fast-food is more and more prevalent
around the world (Thức ăn nhanh ngày càng phổ
biến trên thế giới.)
27
Đặt “the” trước một tính từ để chỉ một nhóm người The old (Người già), the poor (người nghèo), the
nhất định rich (người giàu)
The được dùng trước những danh từ riêng chỉ The Pacific (Thái Bình Dương), The United States
biển, sông, quần đảo, dãy núi, tên gọi số nhiều (Hợp chủng quốc Hoa Kỳ), the Alps (Dãy An pơ)
của các nước, sa mạc, miền
The + of + danh từ The North of Vietnam (Bắc Việt Nam, The West
of Germany (Tây Đức) (Nhưng Northern
Vietnam, Western Germany
The + họ (ở dạng số nhiều) có nghĩa là Gia đình The Smiths (Gia đình Smith (gồm vợ và các con)
The Browns (Gia đình Brown)
Dùng “the” nếu ta nhắc đến một địa điểm nào They went to the school to see their children. (Họ
đó nhưng không được sử dụng với đúng chức đến trường để thăm con cái họ.)
năng.
3. Khi nào KHÔNG dùng “THE”?
Trước tên quốc gia, châu lục, tên núi, hồ, đường Europe, France, Wall Street, Sword Lake
phố (Ngoại trừ những nước theo chế độ Liên
bang – gồm nhiều bang (state)
Khi danh từ không đếm được hoặc danh từ số - I like dogs.
nhiều dùng theo nghĩa chung chung, không chỉ - Oranges are good for health.
riêng trường hợp nào
Trước danh từ trừu tượng, trừ khi danh từ đó chỉ
- Men fear death.
một trường hợp cá biệt - The death of his father made him completely
hopeless.
Sau tính từ sở hữu hoặc sau danh từ ở dạng sở - My friend, không phải “my the friend”
hữu cách - The man’s wife không phải “the wife of the
man”
Trước tên gọi các bữa ăn hay tước hiệu - They invited some close friends to dinner. (Họ
đã mời vài người bạn thân đến ăn tối.)
Nhưng: The wedding dinner was amazing (Bữa
tiệc cưới thật tuyệt vời.)
- Ta nói: President Obama (Tổng thống Obama),
Chancellor Angela Merkel (Thủ tướng Angela
Merkel..)
Trong các trường hợp nhắc đến danh từ với - Come by car/ by bus (Đến bằng xe ô tô, bằng
nghĩa chung chung khác như chơi thể thao, các xe buýt)
mùa trong năm hay phương tiện đi lại
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- In spring/ in Autumn (trong mùa xuân,mùa thu),
from beginning to end (từ đầu tới cuối), from left
to right (từ trái qua phải)
- To play golf/chess/cards (chơi golf, đánh cờ,
đánh bài)
- Go to bed/hospital/church/work/prison (đi
ngủ/ đi nằm viện/ đi nhà thờ/ đi làm/ đi tù)
4. Khi nào dùng “A/ AN”?

Mạo từ bất định được dùng khi người nói đề cập đến một đối tượng chung hoặc chưa xác định
được. A/ an được sử dụng với hình thức giống nhau ở tất cả các giống, loài, giới tính, chứ không
phải người, sự vật, hoa quả nào đó là ngoại lệ đâu nhé.
Dùng Mạo từ bất định trước danh từ số ít đếm - We need a refrigerator. (Chúng tôi cần một
được cái tủ lạnh.)
- He drank a cup of coffee. (Anh ấy đã uống một
cốc cà phê.)
Trước một danh từ làm bổ túc từ - thành phần phụ He was a famous person. (Anh ấy đã từng là
complement người nổi tiếng.)
Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ lượng nhất định - A lot, a couple (một đôi/cặp), a third (một phần
ba)
- A dozen (một tá), a hundred (một tram), a
quarter (một phần tư)
Half: Ta dùng “a half” nếu half được theo sau 2 kilos: Two and half kilos/ two kilos and a half
một số nguyên Nhưng: Half a kilo ( không có “a” trước half)
5. Khi nào KHÔNG dùng “A/ AN”?
Trước danh từ số nhiều Ta nói apples, không dùng an apples

Trước danh từ không đếm được What you need is confidence. (Cái anh cần là
sự tự tin.)
Trước tên gọi các bữa ăn trừ khi có tính từ đứng Ta nói: I have lunch at 12 o’clock. (Tôi ăn trưa
trước các tên gọi đó lúc 12h.)
Nhưng: He has a delicious dinner. (Anh ấy có
một bữa tối thật ngon miệng)
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* Phân biệt cách sử dụng “a” và “an”
“a” đứng trước một phụ âm hoặc một nguyên âm - a game (một trò chơi), a boat (một chiếc tàu
có âm là phụ âm thủy) Nhưng: a university (một trường đại học),
a year (một năm)
- a one-legged man (một người đàn ông thọt
chân), a European (một người Châu Âu)
“an” đứng trước một nguyên âm hoặc một âm - an egg (một quả trứng), an ant (một con kiến)
câm - an hour (một giờ đồng hồ)
“an” cũng đứng trước các mẫu tự đặc biệt đọc an SOS (Một tín hiệu cấp cứu), an X-ray (một tia
như một nguyên âm X)
30
MẠO TỪ VÀ NHỮNG LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP – EXERCISES
Choose the best answer.

Question 1. They are looking for _____ place to spend _____ night.
A. the/the B. a/the C. a/a D. the/a
Question 2. Please turn off _____ fan when you come ______ room.
A. the/the B. a/a C. the/a D. a/the
Question 3. They are looking for some groups of people with ______ experience.
A. the B. a C. an D. x
Question 4. Would you pass me _______ sugar, please?
A. a B. the C. an D. x
Question 5. Could you show me _______ way to _______ airport?
Question 6. He has watch _______ amazing film.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
Question 7. We’ll get _______ shock if he touches _______ live animal.
A. an/the B. x/the C. a/a D. an/the
Question 8. Laura is _______ old member and ______ honest woman.
A. an/the B. the/an C. an/an D. the/the
Question 9. ______ youngest girl has started going to _______ school.
A. A/x B. x/the C. An/x D. The/x
Question 10. Do you go to ________ park?
A. the B. a C. x D. an
31
MẠO TỪ VÀ NHỮNG LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP – KEY EXERCISES

Question 1. They are looking for _____ place to spend _____ night.
A. the/the B. a/the C. a/a D. the/a
Question 2. Please turn off _____ fan when you come ______ room.
Question 3. They are looking for some groups of people with ______ experience.
A. the B. a C. an D. x
Question 4. Would you pass me _______ sugar, please?
A. a B. the C. an D. x
Question 5. Could you show me _______ way to _______ airport?
Question 6. He has watch _______ amazing film.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
Question 7. We’ll get _______ shock if he touches _______ live animal.
A. an/the B. x/the C. a/a D. an/the
Question 8. Laura is _______ old member and ______ honest woman.
A. an/the B. the/an C. an/an D. the/the
Question 9. ______ youngest girl has started going to _______ school.
A. A/x B. x/the C. An/x D. The/x
Question 10. Do you go to ________ park?
A. the B. a C. x D. an
32
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 9+10
TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH
TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH
A. ALL, MOST, SOME, HALF, NO, NONE

1. All (tất cả), most (hầu hết), some (một số), no (không có) dùng trước 1 danh từ đếm được số nhiều.
● All plants need water.
● Most people agree with my attitude.
● You’ve got some interesting jazz records.
● We have got no Thursdays free this term.
2. All, most, some và no cũng được dùng trước một danh từ không đếm được.
● My brother likes all music.
● Most meat is expensive.
● Would you like some more beer?
● Sorry – there’s no time to talk now.
3. All, most, some và half (một nửa) dùng trước giới từ of + the, these, those hoặc một tính từ sở hữu
(my, her, our,…) với danh từ số nhiều hoặc danh từ không đếm được mang ý nghĩa xác định, cụ thể.
● All of my friends at school like English.
● Most of the food at this restaurant í very delicious.
● Some of his books are written in French.
● Half of the money is mine.
4. All, most, some và half dùng trước giới từ of + một đại từ tân ngữ.
● All of them don’t approve of my plan.
● Some of you have made careless mistakes in your tests.
● Most of us feel the same about the war.
5. Có thể lược bỏ of sau all hoặc half, nhưng không thể bỏ of trước một đại từ.
● All of the clothes hoặc all the clothes.
● All of us (không dùng all us)
● Half of our group hoặc half our group.
● Half of us (không dùng half us)
6. None bao gồm no danh từ đã đề cập trước đó. Do vậy nó không dùng với danh từ.
● I went to the library to seek information and found none.
● He asked me for some food, but I had none at home.
7. None of (không có cái/ người nào) được dùng với đại từ tân ngữ, the, these, those hoặc một từ
sở hữu tính từ + một danh từ với ý bao gồm từ ba vật/ người trở lên. Động từ có thể chia ở số ít hoặc
số nhiều.
● None of us agreed with his suggestion.
● None of the oranges you gave me was/were good.
● None of the drivers has/have turned up.
33
B. EVERY, EACH, BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER

1. Every và each được dùng trước danh từ số ít để nói đến cả nhóm. Sau each và every động từ chia
ở số ít.
● Every/ Each room has a number.
● (Every/ Each room chỉ tất cả các phòng trong nhà.)
2. Every hàm ý tất cả. Each hàm ý mỗi một người hoặc vật trong nhóm.
● I go for a walk every day. (mọi ngày)
● Each day seems to pass very slowly. (Từng ngày)
3. Each có thể được dùng một mình (không đi với danh từ) hoặc với of.
● There are six flats. Each has its own entrance. (Không dùng Every has)
● Each of the six flats has its own entrance. (Không dùng Every of)
4. Each có thể đi sau đại từ. Each of đi với đại từ.
● They gave us each an English book.
● Each of us can have our own desk. (Không dùng Each us)
5. Dùng both (cả hai), either (cái/ người này hoặc cái/người kia), neither (không phải cái/ người
này hoặc cái/ người kia) với hai người hoặc hai vật.
● I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them knew.
● Both his parents are from Europe.
● Come on Tuesday or Wednesday. Either day is OK.
6. Both, neither, either đi với danh từ. Both of, either of, neither of đi với đại từ, the, these, those,
tính từ sở hữu + danh từ. Sau neither of động từ có thể chia ở số ít hoặc số nhiều.
● Both of us were tired.
● Neither of the books is/are interesting.
7. Có thể dùng both of hoặc both trước danh từ, không dùng both trước đại từ.
● Both (of) her parents are from London.
● Both of us like playing badminton. (Không dùng Both us)
C. A LOT OF, LOTS OF, MANY, MUCH, (A) FEW, (A) LITTLE
1. Many, much (nhiều) thường được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn. Many dùng với danh từ
số nhiều và much dùng với danh từ không đếm được.
● There aren’t many shops along this street.
● Were there many people at the meeting?
● There isn’t much water in the bottle.
● Does the newspaper have much information?
2. Many, much dùng sau tô, so, as và very trong câu khẳng định.
● There is too much salt in my soup. ( không dùng too a lot of)
● We had so many exercises to do. (không dùng so a lot of)
34
● I haven’t got as much patience as I thought. ( không dùng as a lot of)
● Thank you very much for your nice gift.
3. A lot of, lots of (nhiều) được dùng trong câu khẳng định với danh từ số nhiều và danh từ không
đếm được.
● He’s got lots of friends here.
● A lot of time is needed to learn a foreign language.
4. A large number of + danh từ số nhiều và a great deal of + danh từ không đếm được (một số lượng
lớn) được dùng trong câu khẳng định.
● He has got a large number of English books.
● They have invested a great deal of money in education.
5. A few, alittle (được một vài, môt số) được dùng với nghĩa xác định. A few dùng với danh từ số
nhiều và a little dùng với danh từ không đếm được.
● There are a few girls in my class.
● We’ve got a little bacon and a few eggs.
6. Few, little (ít) được dùng với nghĩa phủ định, không như mong đợi. Few dùng với danh từ số nhiều
và little dùng với danh từ không đếm được.
● Few people can say that they always tell the truth.
● There is little sugar in the packet.
7. Có thể dùng just hoặc only trước a few và a little.
● Only a few people came to the press conference.
● High school students give only a little thought to their future jobs.
35
TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH – EXERCISES
Use one suitable word or phrase to fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage.
Few A few No Many Much

A lot Most All A little None
In Sweden there is only (1)______ cigarette advertising because the government has been
successful in preventing (2)_______ cigarette advertisements. Although there are (3)______ cigarette
advertisements in magazines (but not many), there are (4)_______ cigarette advertisements at all in
cinemas and also (5)_________ on the radio and television.
In Britain and the United States (6)________ of cigarette advertisements show beautiful girls and
handsome men smoking cigarettes. In spite of attempts to stop people smoking, there are even more
advertisements than before.
In Sweden, however, there must be (7)______ people in cigarette advertisements. The Swedish
government wants as (8)________ people as possible to give up smoking. It tells people that
(9)_______ smokers usually die at a (10)________ earlier age than non-smokers.
36
TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH – KEY EXERCISES
Use one suitable word or phrase to fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage.
Few A few No Many Much

A lot Most All A little None
In Sweden there is only (1) a little cigarette advertising because the government has been
successful in preventing (2) most cigarette advertisements. Although there are (3) a few cigarette
advertisements in magazines (but not many), there are (4) no cigarette advertisements at all in cinemas
and also (5) none on the radio and television.
In Britain and the United States (6) a lot of cigarette advertisements show beautiful girls and
handsome men smoking cigarettes. In spite of attempts to stop people smoking, there are even more
advertisements than before.
In Sweden, however, there must be (7) few people in cigarette advertisements. The Swedish
government wants as (8) many people as possible to give up smoking. It tells people that (9) all
smokers usually die at a (10) much earlier age than non-smokers.
37
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 11+12
LIÊN TỪ
LIÊN TỪ
A. HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS, MOREOVER, THEREFORE

1. Các từ nối (Sentence connectors) như however, nevertheless, therefore… liên kết ý giữa hai câu.
Vì vậy, dấu chấm câu trong các câu có từ nối thường theo các dạng sau:
- Mệnh đề độc lập; từ nối, mệnh đề độc lập.
- Mệnh đề độc lập. Từ nối, mệnh đề độc lập.
* Lưu ý cách chấm câu ở những ví dụ dưới đây:
● Mary wanted it; nevertheless, Stephen gave it away.
● Mary wanted it. Nevertheless, Stephen gave it away.
● I thought the plane would be delayed; therefore, I bought a book to read.
● I thought the plane would be delayed. Therefore, I bought a book to read.
2. Đôi khi từ có thể nằm ở những vị trí khác nhau.

● Mary was happy. However, Alice was very sad.
● Mary was happy. Alice, however, was very sad.
● Mary was happy. Alice was very sad, however.
3. Howver (tuy nhiên), dùng để liên kết hai câu có ý trái ngược nhau. Những từ nối cùng nhóm với
however gồm: yet, nevertheless, still, on the contrary, on the other hand, in (by) contrast, in spite
of this.
● Tom is often rude; yet I am very fond of him.
● I discovered I didn’t have any cash with me. Nevertheless, I had my credit card.
● He’s treated you badly. Still, he’s your brother and you should help him.
● It doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’s rather beautiful.
● It’s not a very nice flat. On the other hand, it’s cheap.
● She failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, did very well.
4. Moreover (hơn nữa), dùng để nói thêm mốt ý hỗ trợ. Những từ nối cùng nhóm với moreover
gồm: also, besides, furthermore, similarly, in addition.
● Old cars tend to use more petrol. Also, there is a greater risk of accidents.
● I don’t have time to see the film. Besides, it’s had dreadful reviews.
5. Therefore (vì vậy), dùng để nói lên mối quan hệ nhân quả. Những từ nối cùng nhóm với
therefore gồm: so, consequently, thus, as a result.
● He failed the exam. So he had to do the job he didn’t like.
● The ship crashed into a huge iceberg; consequently it sank.
● She felt tired; as a result she went to bed at once.
38
B. ALTERNATIVELY, OTHERWISE, INSTEAD
1. Alternatively (hoặc là) được dùng để nói lên một chọn lựa khác.
● If the goods are faulty, we can replace them. Alternatively, we can give you a refund.
(Nếu hàng bị hỏng, chúng tôi sẽ thay hàng khác. Hoặc là, chúng tôi có thể trả lại tiền.)
● Let’s take the train. Alternatively, we could go by car.
2. Otherwise (nếu không). Sau otherwise có thể không dùng dấu phẩy.
● You have to press the button. Otherwise the machine won’t work.
(Anh phải ấn cái nút đó. Nếu không, máy sẽ không hoạt động.)
● We must run, otherwise we’ll be too late.
3. Instead (thay vào đó). Có thể được đặt đầu hoặc cuối mệnh đề.
● She didn’t go to Greece. Instead, she went to America.
(Cô ấy không đi Hy Lạp. thay vào đó, cô ấy đi Mỹ.)
● We have no coffee. Would you like tea instead?
C. IN OTHER WORDS, THE THING IS, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR INSTANCE, ALL IN ALL, IN SHORT.
1. In other words (nói cách khác) dùng đẻ giải thích điều đã nói trước đó một cách dễ hiểu hơn.
● He didn’t reach the required standard. In other words, he failed.
(Anh ấy không đạt tiêu chuẩn yêu cầu. Nói cách khác, anh ấy bị đánh trượt.)
2. The thing is (vấn đề là do) dùng để giải thích bằng cách nêu lí do.
● Our film is doing badly. The thing is, there is no market for our goods.
(Công ty chúng tôi làm ăn rất tệ. Vấn đề là do không cso thị trường cho các mặt hàng chúng
tôi.)
● I can’t come on Thursday. The thing is, I’ve arranged to do something else.
3. For example, for instance (chẳng hạn như) dùng để nêu ví dụ.
● A few mammals have characteristics of birds. For example, the duck-billed platpus lays eggs.
(Một vài động vật có vú có đặc điểm của loài chim. Chẳng hạn như, con rái cá mỏ vịt đẻ trứng.)
4. All in all, in short (nói tóm lại) dùng để tóm tắt những ý vừa nói.
● He was a kind husband, generous to friends, and considerate to other people. All in all/ In
short, he was a good man.
(Anh ấy là một người chồng tốt, rộng rãi với bạn bè, và quan tâm đến người khác. Nói tóm lại,
anh ấy là một người tốt.)
39
D. IN FACT, INDEED, ACTUALLY, AS A MATTER OF FACT.
1. In fact dùng để nhấn mạnh thêm một ý đã nói.

● I don’t like him. In fact, I can’t stand him.
2. In fact cũng có thể dùng đẻ nói lên một ý trái ngược với ý trước và thường được dùng với but.
● People think I don’t like him, but in fact, he’s a good friend.
● You called him Pete. In fact, he is Peter.
3. Indeed cũng được dùng đẻ nhấn mạnh thêm một ý đã nói.

● Our results this year have been satisfactory. Indeed, they are the bét results we have had for
several years.
(Kết quả năm nay của chúng ta đáng phấn khởi. Thực vậy, đó là kêt quả tốt nhất chúng ta có
được trong vài năm nay.)
4. Actually, as a matter of fact được dùng khi người nói muốn đưa vào những chi tiết xác thực,
hoặc tỏ ra không đồng ý một cách nhẹ nhàng.
● I’m going to stay with someone I know in Paris. Actually/ As matter of fact, he’s my cousin.
(Người nói cho biết thêm người quen ở Paris là em họ của mình.)
● A: I didn’t like the singer very much.
B: Actually, I thought she was excellent.
(Người nói không đồng ý một cách nhẹ nhàng.)
40
LIÊN TỪ - EXERCISES
Question 1. Cars have become much more complicated. ______, mechanics need more training than
in the post.
A. However B. Therefore C. On the other hand
Question 2. Daisy broke her leg in two places. _______, she had to wear a cast and use crutches for
three months.
A. Nevertheless B. Otherwise C. Consequently
Question 3. Tom works hard at everything he does. His brother, _____, seldom puts out much effort.
A. Therefore B. In addition C. On the other hand
Question 4. I have to eat breakfast in the morning. _____, I will get hungry before my lunch break.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Consequently
Question 5. He talked to Anna throughout the evening, _____ nothing he said changed her opinion.
A. yet B. otherwise C. indeed
Question 6. I like to keep the windows open at night. My brother, _____, prefers a warm bedroom
with all the windows tightly shut.
A. nevertheless B. consequently C. on the other hand
Question 7. The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel, ______, has two humps.
A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless
Question 8. A fire must have a steady available supply of oxygen. ______, it will stop burning.
A. Consequently B. Otherwise C. In addition
Question 9. Mr Brown has had years of experience dealing with student problems. ______, he is
sometimes confronted by a problems. ______, he is sometimes confronted by a problem that he can
not handle by himself.
A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless
Question 10. The professor told me that I was doing well, _______ my final grade was awful.
A. yet B. therefore C. instead
41
LIÊN TỪ - KEY EXERCISES
Question 1. Cars have become much more complicated. ______, mechanics need more training than
in the post.
A. However B. Therefore C. On the other hand
Question 2. Daisy broke her leg in two places. _______, she had to wear a cast and use crutches for
three months.
A. Nevertheless B. Otherwise C. Consequently
Question 3. Tom works hard at everything he does. His brother, _____, seldom puts out much effort.
A. Therefore B. In addition C. On the other hand
Question 4. I have to eat breakfast in the morning. _____, I will get hungry before my lunch break.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Consequently
Question 5. He talked to Anna throughout the evening, _____ nothing he said changed her opinion.
A. yet B. otherwise C. indeed
Question 6. I like to keep the windows open at night. My brother, _____, prefers a warm bedroom
with all the windows tightly shut.
A. nevertheless B. consequently C. on the other hand
Question 7. The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel, ______, has two humps.
A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless
Question 8. A fire must have a steady available supply of oxygen. ______, it will stop burning.
A. Consequently B. Otherwise C. In addition
Question 9. Mr Brown has had years of experience dealing with student problems. ______, he is
sometimes confronted by a problems. ______, he is sometimes confronted by a problem that he can
not handle by himself.
A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless
Question 10. The professor told me that I was doing well, _______ my final grade was awful.
A. yet B. therefore C. instead
42
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 13+14
PERFECT
MODAL VERB
MODAL VERB + PERFECT
MODAL + HAVE + P2/ed
Chú ý: Sau động từ khiếm khuyết luôn luôn là một động từ nguyên mẫu (bare-inf)
- Must + have + P2: chỉ sự suy đoán logic dựa trên những hiện tượng có thật ở quá khứ
(Eg: The grass is wet. It must have rained last night.)
- Should + have + P2: chỉ một việc lẽ ra đã phải xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vì lí do nào đó lại không
xảy ra.
(Eg: I’m sorry that I’m late for work. I should have woken up earlier.)
- Can’t + have + P2: chỉ những việc không thể đã xảy ra vì có căn cứ, cơ sở rõ ràng.
(Eg: It can’t have been Mary’s sister who you saw on the bus yesterday because she doesn’t have a
sister.)
- Needn’t + have + P2: chỉ những việc lẽ ra đã không cần thiết phải làm nhưng đã làm.
(Eg: It didn’t rain any more last night. We needn’t have put up the tent.)
- May/might + have + P2: chỉ những việc có thể đã xảy ra nhưng không chắc chắn.
(Eg: She didn’t go to school yesterday. She might have been ill. I’m not sure.)
- Could + have + P2: chỉ những việc có lẽ đã xảy ra nhưng trên thực tế là không.
(Eg: He could have gotten the ticket for the concert last night.)
43
MODAL VERB + PERFECT – EXERCISES
Question 1. He ______ have committed the crime because he was with me that day.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. couldn’t
Question 2. There was plenty of time. She ______.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
Question 3. It ______ rain this evening. Why don’t you take an umbrella?
A. could be B. must C. might D. had better
Question 4. Tom painted his room black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ have chosen another
colour.
A. should B. must C. could D. may
Question 5. I really believe my letter came as a great surprise to John.
A. John might be very surprised to receive my letter
B. John might have been very surprised to receive my letter
C. John must be very surprised to receive my letter
D. John must have been very surprised to receive my letter
Question 6. My supervisor is angry with me. I didn't do all the work I _____ last week.
A. should have done B. may have done
C. need to have done D. must have done
Question 7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class. He _______.
A. should study very hard B. must have studied very hard
C. must have to study well D. should have studied all the time
Question 8. He _______ us but he was short of money at the time.
A. could have helped B. can help C. might help D. would help
Question 9. Jessica looks very tired. She _______ have stayed up late to finish her assignment last
night.
A. would B. should C. will D. must
Question 10. “Hurry up! Tom ______ for us at the school gate.”
A. must wait B. must be waiting
C. must be waited D. must have been waited
44
MODAL VERB + PERFECT – KEY EXERCISES
Question 1. He ______ have committed the crime because he was with me that day.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. couldn’t
Question 2. There was plenty of time. She ______.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
Question 3. It ______ rain this evening. Why don’t you take an umbrella?
A. could be B. must C. might D. had better
Question 4. Tom painted his room black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ have chosen another
colour.
A. should B. must C. could D. may
Question 5. I really believe my letter came as a great surprise to John.
A. John might be very surprised to receive my letter
B. John might have been very surprised to receive my letter
C. John must be very surprised to receive my letter
D. John must have been very surprised to receive my letter
Question 6. My supervisor is angry with me. I didn't do all the work I _____ last week.
A. should have done B. may have done
C. need to have done D. must have done
Question 7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class. He _______.
A. should study very hard B. must have studied very hard
C. must have to study well D. should have studied all the time
Question 8. He _______ us but he was short of money at the time.
A. could have helped B. can help C. might help D. would help
Question 9. Jessica looks very tired. She _______ have stayed up late to finish her assignment last
night.
A. would B. should C. will D. must
Question 10. “Hurry up! Tom ______ for us at the school gate.”
A. must wait B. must be waiting
C. must be waited D. must have been waited
45
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 15+16
CẤU TẠO TỪ
CẤU TẠO TỪ
I. Cách cấu tạo của danh từ
STT Quy tắc Ví dụ

develop (v) + ment = development (n): sự phát triển
1 V + ment -> N
entertain (v) + ment = entertainment (n): sự giải trí
attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): sự tham dự
2 V + ance -> N
perform (v) + ance = performance (n): sự thực hiện, sự/cuộc biểu diễn
invent (v) + ion = invention (n): sự phát minh
3 V + ion/ation -> N
inform (v) + ation = information (n): thông tin
marry (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhân
4 V + age -> N
carry (v) + age = carriage (n): sự chuyên chở hàng hóa, xe ngựa
survive (v) + al = survival (n): sự sống sót
5 V + al -> N
arrive (v) + al = arrival (n): sự đến, tới
teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy học
6 V + ing -> N
train (v) + ing = training (n): công việc đào tạo
work (v) + er = worker (n): công nhân
7 V + er -> N
employ (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ
act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viên
8 V + or -> N
survive (v) + or = survivor (n): người sống sót
act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viên
9 V + ress -> N
wait (v) + ress = waitress (n): nữ bồi bàn
assist (v) + ant = assistant (n): trợ lý
10 V + ant -> N
depend (v) + ant = dependant (n): người phụ thuộc
employ (v) + ee = employee (n): công nhân
11 V + ee -> N
interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n): người đi phỏng vấn
12 V + ledge -> N know (v) + ledge = knowledge (n): sự hiểu biết, kiến thức
13 V + ist -> N type (v) + ist = typist (n): người đánh máy
14 V + ar -> N lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối
15 V + ence -> N depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc
rich (a) + ness = richness (n): sự giàu có
16 Adj + ness -> N
polite (a) + ness = politeness (n): sự lịch sự
able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, năng lực
17 Adj + ity -> N
responsible (a) + ity = responsibility (n): trách nhiệm
18 Adj + y -> N honest (a) + y = honesty (n): sự thật thà
19 Adj + ty -> N certain (a) + ty = certainty (n): sự chắc chắn
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20 Adj + age -> N short (a) + age = shortage (n): sự thiếu hụt
21 Adj + cy -> N proficient (a) + cy = proficiency (n): sự giỏi, sự thành thạo
22 Adj + dom -> N free (a) + dom = freedom (n): sự tự do
Adj + ism -> N social (a) + ism = socialism (n): chủ nghĩa xã hội
23
N1 + ism -> N2 terror (n) + ism = terrorism (n): chủ nghĩa khủng bố
warm (a) + th = warmth (n): sự ấm áp, sự niềm nở
24 Adj + th -> N
wide (a) + th = width (n): bề rộng, bề ngang
child (n) + hood = childhood (n): thời thơ ấu
25 N1 + hood -> N2
neighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n): vùng lân cận
friend (n) + ship = friendship (n): tình bạn
26 N1 + ship -> N2
member (n) + ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên, số hội viên
II. Cách cấu tạo của động từ

wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng
1 Adj + en -> V
short (a) + en = shorten (v): thu ngắn, rút ngắn
en + rich (a) = enrich (v): làm giàu
2 En + Adj -> V
en + large (a) = enlarge (v): tăng lên, phóng to
3 N + en -> V length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài ra
social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hóa, hòa nhập
4 Adj + ise/ize -> V
industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): công nghiệp hóa
5 N + fy -> V beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp
III. Cách cấu tạo của tính từ

friend (n) + ly = friendly (a): thân thiện
1 N + ly -> Adj
love (n) + ly = lovely (a): đáng yêu
care (n) + ful = careful (a): cẩn thận
2 N + ful -> Adj
success (n) + ful = successful (a): thành công
home (n) + less = homeless (a): vô gia cư
3 N + less -> Adj
hope (n) + less = hopeless (a): vô vọng
economy (n) + ic = economic (a): thuộc về kinh tế
4 N + ic -> Adj
history (n) + ic = historic (a): có tính chất lịch sử
reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lý, hợp lý
5 N + able -> Adj
comfort (n) + able = comfortable (a): thoải mái
danger (n) + ous = dangerous (a): nguy hiểm
6 N + ous -> Adj
industry (n) + ous = industrious (a): chăm chỉ
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trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu
7 N + some -> Adj
hand (n) + some = handsome (a): đẹp trai
nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gia
8 N + al -> Adj
nature (n) + al = natural (a): thuộc về tự nhiên
interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting/interested (a): thú vị/ thích thú
9 N + ing/ed -> Adj
bore (n) + ing/ed = boring/bored (a): tẻ nhạt/ buồn chán
West (n) + ern = western (a): về phía tây, ở phía tây
10 N + ern -> Adj
South (n) + ern = southern (a): về phía nam, ở phía nam
rain (n) + y = rainy (a): có mưa
11 N + y -> Adj
sun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng
12 N + ible -> Adj response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm
13 N + ent -> Adj depend (n) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc
impress (v) + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng
V + ive -> Adj
14 invent (v) + ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo
N + ive -> Adj
expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt
child (n) + like = childlike (a): như trẻ con, ngây thơ, thật thà
15 N + like -> Adj
god (n) + like = godlike (a): như thần, như thánh
fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩn
16 N + ish -> Adj
self (n) + ish = selfish (a): ích kỷ
IV. Cách cấu tạo của trạng từ

1 Adj + ly -> Adv slow (a) + ly = slowly (adv): một cách chậm chạp
rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): một cách nhanh chóng
* Lưu ý:

N + ly -> Adj like + ly = likely (a)
1
Adj + ly -> Adv quick + ly = quickly (a)
V + al -> N arrive + al = arrival (n)
2
N + al -> Adj nation + al = national (a)
V + ing -> N teach + ing = teaching (n)
3
N + ing -> Adj bore + ing = boring (a)
Adj + y -> N honest + y = honesty (n)
4
N + y -> Adj wind + y = windy (a)
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V. Trật tự từ

Sau to be (am/ is/ are/ was/ were)
1 The book is so interesting that I can’t put it down.
là tính từ
2 Sau động từ là trạng từ He runs more quickly than me.
Sau V (tri giác) + adj
3 V (tri giác): hear, see, smell, taste, The food tastes delicious.
feel…
Sau look, seem, get, become, find,
4 She looks happier than yesterday.
make… + adj
5 Sau mạo từ (a/ an/ the) + N The development of industry causes air pollution.
Sau tính từ sở hữu (my/ your/ our/
6 He failed the exam because of his laziness.
his/ her/ their/ its) là danh từ
7 Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ Mai’s house is very nice.
Sau đại từ chỉ định (this/ that/ these/
8 This machine has been out of order.
those) + N
9 Sau some/ any/ many/ much + N There are many people waiting for the last bus.
My parents are celebrating 30 years of marriage
10 Sau giới từ + N
next week.
11 Trước danh từ là tính từ Copperheads are poisonous snakes.
The matter is comparatively complicated and
12 Trước tính từ là trạng từ
sensitive.
Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần
Traditionally, the positions of the women were in the
13 trong câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng
kitchen.
từ
14 Sau danh từ là danh từ This firm is known for its high quality products.
Sau bring/ take/ have/ buy/ sell… +
15 Money doesn’t bring happiness to man.
N
16 Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ He will certainly die if you don’t call a doctor.
Khi có “and/ or/ but” thì hai vế cân The International Red Cross helps people in need
17 nhau (cùng chức năng từ loại/ ngữ without any discrimination based on nationality,
pháp/ ngữ nghĩa) race, religion, class or political opinions.
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CẤU TẠO TỪ - EXERCISES
Question 1. Despite his _______, he succeeded in learning foreign language.

A. disables B. disabled C. disability D. disable
Question 2. My sister has talent in ______ and she has won many prizes.
A. photographic B. photogenic C. photograph D. photography
Question 3. I tried to know the _______ of my new house as much as possible.
A. surround B. surrounded C. surrounds D. surroundings
Question 4. The _______ in the war should be taken care of.
A. injuring B. injure C. injures D. injured
Question 5. Miss Hoa is very _______. She goes to church every morning.
A. religious B. religiously C. religion D. region
Question 6. Some designers have _______ the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it.
A. modernized B. modernize C. modern D. modernly
Question 7. Our school has many well-______ teachers.
A. qualified B. qualify C. quality D. qualification
Question 8. I saw your school’s _______ in today’s edition of the Viet Nam News.
A. advertiser B. advertisement C. advertising D. advertise
Question 9. If you want to _______ your English, we can help you.
A. improve B. improving C. improved D. improvement
Question 10. The restaurant has excellent ______ for serving some of the finest food.
A. repute B. reputed C. reputation D. reputable
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CẤU TẠO TỪ - KEY EXERCISES
Question 1. Despite his _______, he succeeded in learning foreign language.

A. disables B. disabled C. disability D. disable
Question 2. My sister has talent in ______ and she has won many prizes.
A. photographic B. photogenic C. photograph D. photography
Question 3. I tried to know the _______ of my new house as much as possible.
A. surround B. surrounded C. surrounds D. surroundings
Question 4. The _______ in the war should be taken care of.
A. injuring B. injure C. injures D. injured
Question 5. Miss Hoa is very _______. She goes to church every morning.
A. religious B. religiously C. religion D. region
Question 6. Some designers have _______ the Ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it.
A. modernized B. modernize C. modern D. modernly
Question 7. Our school has many well-______ teachers.
A. qualified B. qualify C. quality D. qualification
Question 8. I saw your school’s _______ in today’s edition of the Viet Nam News.
A. advertiser B. advertisement C. advertising D. advertise
Question 9. If you want to _______ your English, we can help you.
A. improve B. improving C. improved D. improvement
Question 10. The restaurant has excellent ______ for serving some of the finest food.
A. repute B. reputed C. reputation D. reputable
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INTRODUCING
NGÀY 17+18
PHÂN BIỆT
MỘT SỐ
GIỚI TỪ
PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ
STT Giới từ Cách dùng Ví dụ

- “Into”: thể hiện việc chuyển động vào - We drove into the city/
phía trong của một nơi nào đó/ trả lời Chúng tôi lái xe vào thành
cho câu hỏi ở đâu. phố.
- “In to”: là hai từ riêng biệt, là trạng từ - A customer came in to
1 “INTO” - “IN TO”
“in” được theo sau bởi giới từ “to”. Hai order a pizza/ Một người
từ này không cần phải liên quan tới nhau khách bước vào để gọi một
và thường đứng cạnh nhau do cấu trúc chiếc pizza.
câu (chứ không phải do ngữ nghĩa).
- “Ask for”: yêu cầu một sự vật (danh từ), - Ask for a donut/ Gọi một
chúng ta dùng. chiếc bánh vòng.
“ASK FOR” – - “Ask to”: yêu cầu một hành động (động - She will ask to ride horses
2
“ASK TO” từ), chúng ta dùng. for her birthday/ Cô ấy sẽ
yêu cầu được cưỡi ngựa
vào ngày sinh nhật.
- “Think of”: bao gồm những sáng chế - Think of a number
hoặc liên quan đến một sự lựa chọn nhất between one and ten/ Hãy
định. nghĩ về một số nằm giữa 1
và 10.
“THINK OF” -
3 - “Think about”: chỉ việc gợi ra điều gì - That hat made me think
“THINK ABOUT”
đó đã được cân nhắc một thời gian. about you. You popped
into my head/ Chiếc mũ đó
làm mình nhớ đến cậu. Cậu
bật ra khỏi đầu mình.
- “Heard of”: dùng khi người nói biết về - I have heard of the band
một điều gì đó. Orange Waffles/ Tôi có
nghe nói về ban nhạc
Orange Waffles
“HEARD OF” - -> Người nói biết rằng có sự
4
“HEARD ABOUT” tồn tại của ban nhạc này.
- “Heard about”: người nói biết các - I have heard about the
thông tin cụ thể hơn. band Orange Waffles/ Tôi
có biết ban nhạc Orange
Waffles.
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-> Người nói có thể đang
ngụ ý rằng anh ấy biết
những thông tin cụ thể hơn
về ban nhạc, ví dụ như các
tin tức mới nhất.
- “Among”: dùng cho 3 danh từ trở lên. - An elk stood among the
trees/ Một chú nai sừng tấm
đang đứng giữa đám cây.
“AMONG” - - “Between”: dùng cho 2 danh từ. - Anne’s shop is between
5
“BETWEEN” the library and a diner/
Cửa hàng của Anne nằm
giữa một thư viện và một
nhà hàng.
53
PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ - EXERCISES
Underline the most suitable prepositions.
1. I got at/to the station just in time to see Jack getting from/off the train.
2. The café is among/between the chemist’s and the butcher’s and across/opposite the library.
3. She lives at/in Wales, which is a country at/in the west of Britain.
4. I was brought up in/on an island near/next to the coast of Scotland.
5. Travelling by/in your own car is better than going by/on foot.
6. Jack was leaning by/against the wall with his hands in/into his pockets.
7. Ann had a hat on/over her head and a veil above/over her face.
8. We arrived at/in England at/in Gatwick Airport.
9. I left my bags at/from the station at/in a left luggage locker.
10. Peter came running into/to the room and threw his books at/onto the floor.
54
PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ - KEY EXERCISES
Underline the most suitable prepositions.
1. I got at/to the station just in time to see Jack getting from/off the train.
2. The café is among/between the chemist’s and the butcher’s and across/opposite the library.
3. She lives at/in Wales, which is a country at/in the west of Britain.
4. I was brought up in/on an island near/next to the coast of Scotland.
5. Travelling by/in your own car is better than going by/on foot.
6. Jack was leaning by/against the wall with his hands in/into his pockets.
7. Ann had a hat on/over her head and a veil above/over her face.
8. We arrived at/in England at/in Gatwick Airport.
9. I left my bags at/from the station at/in a left luggage locker.
10. Peter came running into/to the room and threw his books at/onto the floor.
55
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 19+20
THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH

THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH
I. Hiện tại giả định
Dùng sau một số các động từ để thể hiện ý muốn, yêu cầu, đề nghị, gợi ý, ra lệnh: advise,
1 demand, prefer, require, insist, propose, stipulate, command, move, recommend, suggest,
decree, order, request, urge, ask
Dùng sau một số tính từ: important, necessary, urgent, obligatory, essential, advisory,
2
recommended, required mandatory, proposed, suggested, vital, crucial, imperative
Dùng sau một số danh từ: demand, recommendation, insistence, request, proposal,
3
suggestion, preference, importance
Dùng trong cấu trúc với “would rather” có 2 chủ ngữ:
4
S1 + would rather that + S2 + (not) + V (bare)
II. Quá khứ giả định
Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2:

1
If + S + V (quá khứ đơn) +…, S + would/could + V (bare)
Dùng trong câu ước không có thực ở hiện tại:
2
(S + wish)/ if only + S + V (quá khứ đơn)
Dùng sau “as if/ as though” để ám chỉ 1 điều gì đó là không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc không
3
thể xảy ra: S1 + V(hiện tại đơn) + as if/as though + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn)
Dùng trong mẫu câu “would rather” để chỉ một ao ước đối lập với hiện tại:
4
S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn)
Dùng trong cấu trúc “It’s time…”: It’s (high/about) time + S + V (quá khứ đơn) = It’s time for
5
sb to do st: đã đến lúc cho ai đó làm gì
III. Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định
Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện loại 3:
1
If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) +…, S + would/could + have + Vp2
Dùng sau “wish/ if only” để diễn đạt ý cầu mong hoặc giả định đã không xảy ra trong quá
2
khứ: (S + wish)/ if only + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Dùng sau “as if/ as though” để chỉ một giả định không có thật trong quá khứ:
3
S1 + V(quá khứ đơn) + as if/ as though + S2 + V(quá khứ hoàn thành)
Dùng với cấu trúc “would rather” (2 chủ ngữ) để chỉ một mong muốn đã không xảy ra trong
4
quá khứ: S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
56
THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH – EXERCISES
Question 1. Yesterday I met a very beautiful girl I really want to see her again but I don’t know how
to go about it. I wish ________.
A. I didn’t meet her yesterday B. I had known her address
C. I knew her address D. I will meet her tomorrow
Question 2. I wish you _______ to me before you went and bought that car.
A. spoke B. have spoken C. had spoken D. would have spoken
Question 3. I wish I ______ that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him.
A. had known B. know C. knew D. have known
Question 4. If only he _______ harder, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. worked B. would work C. had worked D. has worked
Question 5. He always talks as though he _______ a public meeting.
A. addressing B. addressed C. were addressing D. is addressing
Question 6. He talks as if he ________ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.
A. was doing B. had done C. did D. has done
Question 7. If only we _________ a car. I’m tired of the bad service of public transport.
A. were B. had C. have D. are
Question 8. If only we _________ more time, we could have seen more of the country.
A. would have had B. have had C. had had D. had
Question 9. She treats us as if we _______ all idiots.
A. are B. had been C. have been D. were
Question 10. The cheese looks as if rats ________ it.
A. nibbled B. were being nibbled
C. had nibbled D. nibbling
57
THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH – KEY EXERCISES
Question 1. Yesterday I met a very beautiful girl I really want to see her again but I don’t know how
to go about it. I wish ________.
A. I didn’t meet her yesterday B. I had known her address
C. I knew her address D. I will meet her tomorrow
Question 2. I wish you _______ to me before you went and bought that car.
A. spoke B. have spoken C. had spoken D. would have spoken
Question 3. I wish I ______ that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him.
A. had known B. know C. knew D. have known
Question 4. If only he _______ harder, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. worked B. would work C. had worked D. has worked
Question 5. He always talks as though he _______ a public meeting.
A. addressing B. addressed C. were addressing D. is addressing
Question 6. He talks as if he ________ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.
A. was doing B. had done C. did D. has done
Question 7. If only we _________ a car. I’m tired of the bad service of public transport.
A. were B. had C. have D. are
Question 8. If only we _________ more time, we could have seen more of the country.
A. would have had B. have had C. had had D. had
Question 9. She treats us as if we _______ all idiots.
A. are B. had been C. have been D. were
Question 10. The cheese looks as if rats ________ it.
A. nibbled B. were being nibbled
C. had nibbled D. nibbling
58
INTRODUCING
NGÀY 21
LUYỆN ĐỀ
PRACTICE TEST
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is
pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. famine B. famous C. family D. fabricate
Question 2. A. kite B. skin C. bin D. pillar
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in
the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. youngster B. integral C. terrific D. visually
Question 4. A. mysteriously B. originally C. necessary D. elaborately
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
Question 5. She seems pleased with her results, but I’m not so happy with mine.
A. I expected higher results than her, but unfortunately, I was disappointed.
B. Although she was more pleased with her results than I was with mine, hers weren’t actually any
better.
C. She is quite happy about her results, but I wouldn’t be if I were her.
D. I’m less pleased with my results than she is with hers, with which she appears to be happy.
Question 6. Most of the public believes that cancer is caused by toxic substances.
A. Most of the population thinks that poisonous substances play a role in the increase in cancer cases.
B. It is generally believed that poisonous chemicals are the main factor in the development of cancer
C. The majority of the population is of the opinion that poisonous substances are the reason behind
the development of cancer.
D. The fact that toxic chemicals cause cancerous tumours in the human body is well-known among the
public.
Question 7. The eradication of snakes by humans has resulted in an abrupt rise in rodent populations
in certain areas.
A. The number of rodents living in a certain place is directly connected to how many snakes humans
are killing.
B. The rate of elimination by humans not only of snakes but also of rodents has gone up significantly
in some areas.
C. Had humans not eliminated the snakes in some areas, there would be much smaller populations of
rodents living there.
D. By skilling snakes, humans have caused the numbers of rodents in some places to increase
drastically.
59
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 8. He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the
annual meeting in May.
A. politeness B. rudeness C. measurement D. encouragement
Question 9. These were the people who advocated using force to stop school violence.
A. publicly said B. publicly supported
C. openly criticized D. strongly condemned
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
Question 10. As tourism is more developed, people worry about the damage to the flora and fauna
of the island.
A. fruits and vegetables B. plants and animals
C. flowers and trees D. mountains and forests
Question 11. Ultrasonic waves are beyond the range of sounds a human can hear.
A. outside B. without C. over D. around
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
Question 12. Workers (A) training for a specific job (B) have a strong possibility of (C) being (D)
replace by a machine.
Question 13. A traveler can (A) reach some of (B) the village along the Amazon (C) only by (D)
riverboat.
Question 14. (A) The workers were made (B) work really (C) hard, but their wages were (D) low.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides - The Green Revolution
regimen depend heavily on technology. One (15)______, however, depends much less on technology
- organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but (16)______ chemical fertilizers or
pesticides. Instead of chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as
food -natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (17)_______. Organic farmers also use
alternatives to pesticides; for example they may rely on natural predators of certain insect pests.
(18)_____ the need arises, they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce
them into their crop fields. They use other techniques to control pests as well, like planting certain
crops together because one crop repels the other's pests. Organic farmers do not need a lot of land;
in fact of organic farming is perfectly (19)______ to small farms and is relatively inexpensive. Finally,
many organic farmers' average yields compare favorably with other farmers' yields.
Question 15. A. alteration B. alternate C. alternative D. alternation
Question 16. A. also B. for C. not D. all
Question 17. A. resource B. source C. matter D. substance
60
Question 18. A. Then B. If C. Because D. Though
Question 19. A. suitable B. open C. likely D. suited
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 20 to 27.
Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their
name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor”. These waves are also referred to
by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides. Scientists
often referred to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they do result from undersea
seismic activity.
Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake
or volcano for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This sudden
shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances at speeds close to 700
kilometers per hour. In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude, often no more than
one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height,
possibly up to 40 meters.
Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the Pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity. Two
areas of the Pacific well accustomed to the threat of tsunamis are Japan and Hawaii. Because the
seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom quite close to the
islands, the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can, therefore, prove disastrous.
Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near
the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of
Hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival.
Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii. In 1755, Europe experienced a
calamitous tsunami, when movement along the fault lines near the Azores caused a massive tsunami
to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon. The greatest
tsunami on record occurred on the other side of the world in 1883 when the Krakatoa volcano
underwent a massive explosion, sending waves more than 30 meters high onto nearby Indonesian
islands; the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world and was witnessed as far
away as the English Channel.
Question 20. The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses _______.
A. underwater earthquakes C. storm surges
B. tides D. tidal waves
Question 21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about tidal waves EXCEPT that
_______.
A. they are the same as tsunamis
B. they are caused by sudden changes in high and low tides
C. they refer to the same phenomenon as seismic sea waves
D. this terminology is not used by the scientific community
Question 22. The word “displaced” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
61
A. moves B. filtered C. located D. not pleased
Question 23. It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis ________.
A. cause severe damage in the middle of the ocean
B. are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open ocean
C. generally reach heights greater than 40 meters
D. are often identified by ships on the ocean
Question 24. In paragraph 2, water that is “shallow” is NOT ________.
A. coastal B. clear C. tidal D. not deep
Question 25. A main difference between tsunamis in Japan and in Hawaii is that tsunamis in Japan
are more likely to ________.
A. come from greater distances B. arrive without warning
C. originate in Alaska D. be less of a problem
Question 26. The possessive “their” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. thousands of miles B. the inhabitants of Hawaii
C. these tsunamis D. the Hawaiian Islands
Question 27. A “calamitous” tsunami, in paragraph 4, is one that is _______.
A. at fault B. expected C. disastrous D. extremely calm
The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body
takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the
nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first
time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods
provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies
demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be
rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.
The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called
“the vitamin period”. Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were
described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it
became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous
effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started
to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic
sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms.
Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional
therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what
could actually be achieved from the use of them.
In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950s to mid-1960s, vitamin therapy began to
fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less
popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales
62
skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and
literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations
as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin
and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when
applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.
Question 28. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The effects of vitamins on the human body.
B. The history of food preferences from the nineteenth century to the present.
C. The stages of development of clinical nutrition as a field of study.
D. Nutritional practices of the nineteenth century.
Question 29. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made
during the first era in the history of nutrition?
A. Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.
B. Vitamins were synthesized from foods.
C. Effective techniques of weight loss were determined.
D. Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.
Question 30. The word “tempting” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. necessary B. attractive
C. realistic D. correct
Question 31. It can be inferred from the passage that medical schools began to teach concepts of
nutrition in order to _______.
A. convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition.
B. encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease.
C. convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients.
D. support the creation of artificial vitamins
Question 32. The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to ______.
A. therapies B. claims C. effects D. vitamins
Question 33. Why did vitamin therapy begin losing favor in the 1950s?
A. The public lost interest in vitamins.
B. Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts.
C. Nutritional research was of poor quality.
D. Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated.
Question 34. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses _______.
A. the fourth era of nutrition history.
B. problems associated with malnutrition.
C. how drug companies became successful.
D. why nutrition education lost its appearance.
63
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to
complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 35. Kenny: “Do you mind if I smoke?” - Leslei: “_________.”
A. I’d rather you didn’t. B. No, I can’t.
C. No, thank you. D. Yes, I do.
Question 36. Peter: “Would you mind locking the door when you leave?” - Lina: “________.”
A. Not at all B. Sure C. Why not? D. Yes, I would
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 37. Marco tried to keep a low profile because he didn’t want to be ______.
A. ignored by the public B. paid by his employer
C. bothered by the media D. ignored by his employer
Question 38. “If you are not satisfied _______ your purchase, we will give you a full refund.”
A. at B. of C. for D. with
Question 39. Susan is a friendly girl who ______ everyone she meets.
A. gets up B. gets on with C. gets over D. gets out of
Question 40. Please ______ your luggage and leave now. I can’t stand your presence any more.
A. pack up B. throw off C. fit in D. pile up
Question 41. Next month, I _______ Dereck for 20 years.
A. have known B. will now
C. will have been knowing D. will have known
Question 42. Luckily, I ______ a new pair of sunglasses as I found mine at the bottom of a bag.
A. hadn’t to buy B. didn’t need to buy
C. needed not to buy D. needn’t have bought
Question 43. “I’m going out now.” - “______ you happen to pass a chemist’s, would you get me
some aspirins?”
A. Had B. Should C. Did D. Were
Question 44. You will spend at least one year working abroad _______ you can find out how things
operate overseas.
A. in that B. in order that C. in order for D. as long as
Question 45. Many plants can grow in water, without any soil, ______ nutrients are added.
A. above all B. as long as C. sure that D. of necessity
Question 46. I ______ hope there won’t be a repetition of these unfortunate events.
A. unfailingly B. bitterly C. completely D. sincerely
THE END
64
PRACTICE TEST – KEY
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is
pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. famine B. famous C. family D. fabricate
/ˈfæmɪn/ /ˈfeɪməs/ /ˈfæməli/ /ˈfæbrɪkeɪt/
Question 2. A. kite B. skin C. bin D. pillar
/kaɪt/ /skɪn/ /bɪn/ /ˈpɪlə(r)/
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in
the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. youngster B. integral C. terrific D. visually
=> “terrific” có trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai. Các phương án khác có trọng âm chính rơi
vào âm tiết thứ nhất.
Question 4. A. mysteriously B. originally C. necessary D. elaborately
/mɪˈstɪəriəsli/ /əˈrɪdʒənəli/ /ˈnesəsəri/ /ɪˈlæbərətli/
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
Question 5. She seems pleased with her results, but I’m not so happy with mine.
A. I expected higher results than her, but unfortunately, I was disappointed.
B. Although she was more pleased with her results than I was with mine, hers weren’t actually any
better.
C. She is quite happy about her results, but I wouldn’t be if I were her.
D. I’m less pleased with my results than she is with hers, with which she appears to be happy.
Dựa vào nghĩa của câu: “Cô ấy có vẻ hài lòng với kết quả của mình, nhưng tôi không thấy vui với
kết quả của tôi”.
Đáp án D. “Tôi ít thấy hài lòng với kết quả của mình hơn là cô ấy với kết quả của cô ấy, với nó mà
cô ấy có vẻ vui vẻ”.
Question 6. Most of the public believes that cancer is caused by toxic substances.
A. Most of the population thinks that poisonous substances play a role in the increase in cancer cases.
B. It is generally believed that poisonous chemicals are the main factor in the development of cancer
C. The majority of the population is of the opinion that poisonous substances are the reason behind
the development of cancer.
D. The fact that toxic chemicals cause cancerous tumours in the human body is well-known among the
public.
Dựa vào nghĩa của câu: “Phần lớn công chúng tin rằng ung thư gây ra bởi những chất độc”.
Đáp án C. Phần lớn dân số ủng hộ ý kiến cho rằng những chất độc là nguyên nhân đứng sau sự phát
triển của ung thư.
65
Question 7. The eradication of snakes by humans has resulted in an abrupt rise in rodent populations
in certain areas.
A. The number of rodents living in a certain place is directly connected to how many snakes humans
are killing.
B. The rate of elimination by humans not only of snakes but also of rodents has gone up significantly
in some areas.
C. Had humans not eliminated the snakes in some areas, there would be much smaller populations of
rodents living there.
D. By skilling snakes, humans have caused the numbers of rodents in some places to increase
drastically.
Dựa vào nghĩa của câu: “Việc con người giết rắn gây ra sự gia tăng đột ngột số lượng loài gặm
nhấm ở một số vùng”.
Đáp án D. Bằng việc giết rắn, con người đã khiến số lượng loài gặm nhấm ở nhiều nơi tăng lên
một cách đột ngột”.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
Question 8. He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the
annual meeting in May.
A. politeness B. rudeness C. measurement D. encouragement
Discourtesy = rudeness: sự thô lỗ >< politeness: cư xử lịch sử. Measurement: sự đo đạc
Encouragement: sự khích lệ
Question 9. These were the people who advocated using force to stop school violence.
A. publicly said B. publicly supported
C. openly criticized D. strongly condemned
Advocated = publicly supported: ủng hộ công khai >< Openly criticized: chỉ trích công khai
Strongly condemned: phản đối mạnh mẽ
Public said: nói công khai
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
Question 10. As tourism is more developed, people worry about the damage to the flora and fauna
of the island.
A. fruits and vegetables B. plants and animals
C. flowers and trees D. mountains and forests
Fauna and flora = flowers and trees: cây và hoa
Question 11. Ultrasonic waves are beyond the range of sounds a human can hear.
A. outside B. without C. over D. around
Beyond = outside: bên ngoài Without: không có
Over: vượt quá Around: trong khoảng
66
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
Question 12. Workers (A) training for a specific job (B) have a strong possibility of (C) being (D)
replace by a machine.
Thể bị động: being + Vpp.
Question 13. A traveler can (A) reach some of (B) the village along the Amazon (C) only by (D)
riverboat.
Some + (of the) + danh từ số nhiều.
Question 14. (A) The workers were made (B) work really (C) hard, but their wages were (D) low.
Make sb do st: bắt ép ai làm gì Be made to do st: bị bắt ép làm gì
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides - The Green Revolution
regimen depend heavily on technology. One (15)______, however, depends much less on technology
- organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but (16)______ chemical fertilizers or
pesticides. Instead of chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as
food -natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (17)_______. Organic farmers also use
alternatives to pesticides; for example they may rely on natural predators of certain insect pests.
(18)_____ the need arises, they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce
them into their crop fields. They use other techniques to control pests as well, like planting certain
crops together because one crop repels the other's pests. Organic farmers do not need a lot of land;
in fact of organic farming is perfectly (19)______ to small farms and is relatively inexpensive. Finally,
many organic farmers' average yields compare favorably with other farmers' yields.
Question 15. A. alteration B. alternate C. alternative D. alternation
Alternative: sự lựa chọn
Question 16. A. also B. for C. not D. all
Dựa vào nghĩa của câu: “Nhiều nông dân hữu cơ sử dụng máy móc, nhưng không dùng phân bón
hóa học hay thuốc trừ sâu”.
Question 17. A. resource B. source C. matter D. substance
Dựa vào nghĩa của câu. Source: nguồn
Resource: nguồn tài nguyên Matter: vấn đề
Substance: chất
Question 18. A. Then B. If C. Because D. Though
Câu mang tính giả thuyết sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ “If…”: Nếu… Then: sau đó
Because: bởi vì Though: mặc dù
Question 19. A. suitable B. open C. likely D. suited
Be suitable for: phù hợp = be suited to Open: mở
Likely: có khả năng
67
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their
name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor”. These waves are also referred to
by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides. Scientists
often referred to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they do result from undersea
seismic activity.
Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake
or volcano for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This sudden
shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances at speeds close to 700
kilometers per hour. In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude, often no more than
one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height,
possibly up to 40 meters.
Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the Pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity. Two
areas of the Pacific well accustomed to the threat of tsunamis are Japan and Hawaii. Because the
seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom quite close to the
islands, the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can, therefore, prove disastrous.
Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near
the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of
Hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival.
Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii. In 1755, Europe experienced a
calamitous tsunami, when movement along the fault lines near the Azores caused a massive tsunami
to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon. The greatest
tsunami on record occurred on the other side of the world in 1883 when the Krakatoa volcano
underwent a massive explosion, sending waves more than 30 meters high onto nearby Indonesian
islands; the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world and was witnessed as far
away as the English Channel.
Question 20. The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses _______.
A. underwater earthquakes C. storm surges
B. tides D. tidal waves
Câu đầu tiên của bài: “Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Khác với sóng cồn là những con sóng khổng lồ gọi là sóng thần…”
Question 21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about tidal waves EXCEPT that
_______.
A. they are the same as tsunamis
B. they are caused by sudden changes in high and low tides
C. they refer to the same phenomenon as seismic sea waves
D. this terminology is not used by the scientific community
68
Trái với thông tin đưa ra ở câu 2 đoạn 1: “These waves are also referred to by the general public as
tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Những con sóng này cũng được cho là sóng “tidal” mặc dù chúng hầu như không có
kiên hệ với thủy triều”.
Question 22. The word “displaced” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. moves B. filtered C. located D. not pleased
Displace = move: di chuyển Filter: lọc
Locate: tọa lạc
Not please: không thỏa mãn
Question 23. It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis ________.
A. cause severe damage in the middle of the ocean
B. are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open ocean
C. generally reach heights greater than 40 meters
D. are often identified by ships on the ocean
Câu cuối đoạn 2: “It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height,
possibly up to 40 meters” = Chỉ khi nào sóng thần vào vùng nước cạn gần bờ biển thì sẽ tăng độ
cao có thể lên đến 40 mét.
Question 24. In paragraph 2, water that is “shallow” is NOT ________.
A. coastal B. clear C. tidal D. not deep
Shallow = not deep: không sâu, nông Coastal: ven biển
Clear: sạch
Tidal: thuộc về thủy triều
Question 25. A main difference between tsunamis in Japan and in Hawaii is that tsunamis in Japan
are more likely to ________.
A. come from greater distances B. arrive without warning
C. originate in Alaska D. be less of a problem
Câu 3 đoạn 3: “…the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning…”
Dịch nghĩa: “…những cơn sóng thần đổ bộ vào Nhật thường không kèm dự báo…”.
Question 26. The possessive “their” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. thousands of miles B. the inhabitants of Hawaii
C. these tsunamis D. the Hawaiian Islands
Câu cuối đoạn 3: “Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands…and the inhabitants of Hawaii
generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Phần lớn những cơn sóng thần đổ bộ vào Hawaii … và những cư dân Hawaii nhìn
chung có thời gian để cảnh báo về sự đổ bộ của chúng”.
Question 27. A “calamitous” tsunami, in paragraph 4, is one that is _______.
A. at fault B. expected C. disastrous D. extremely calm
Calamitous = disastrous: gây thiệt hại At fault: có lỗi
Expected: như mong đợi Extremely calm: cực kỳ bình tĩnh
69
The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body
takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the
nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first
time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods
provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies
demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be
rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.
The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called
“the vitamin period”. Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were
described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it
became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous
effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started
to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic
sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms.
Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional
therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what
could actually be achieved from the use of them.
In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950s to mid-1960s, vitamin therapy began to
fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less
popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales
skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and
literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations
as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin
and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when
applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.
Question 28. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The effects of vitamins on the human body.
B. The history of food preferences from the nineteenth century to the present.
C. The stages of development of clinical nutrition as a field of study.
D. Nutritional practices of the nineteenth century.
Câu đầu tiên đoạn 1: “The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health
and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Lịch sử ngành dinh dưỡng lâm sàng, hoặc ngành nghiên cứu mối quan hệ giữa sức khỏe
và làm thế nào cơ thể hấp thụ và sử dụng các chất trong thức ăn, có thể chia làm 4 giai đoạn khác
nhau”.
70
Question 29. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made
during the first era in the history of nutrition?
A. Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.
B. Vitamins were synthesized from foods.
C. Effective techniques of weight loss were determined.
D. Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.
Câu 2 đoạn 1: “the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century
when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human
function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Giai đoạn 1 bắt đầu từ cuối thế kỷ XIX và kéo dài đến đầu thế kỷ XX khi nhận ra rằng
đồ ăn chứa những chất cần thiết cho hoạt động của con người và những loại thức ăn khác nhau cung
cấp lượng chất thiết yếu khác nhau”.
Question 30. The word “tempting” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. necessary B. attractive
C. realistic D. correct
Tempting = attractive: hấp dẫn
Necessary: cần thiết Realistic: thực tế Corect: đúng đắn
Question 31. It can be inferred from the passage that medical schools began to teach concepts of
nutrition in order to _______.
A. convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition.
B. encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease.
C. convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients.
D. support the creation of artificial vitamins
Câu 4, 5, 6 đoạn 1: “At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in
having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this
education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what
ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Vào thời điểm đó, các trường y bắt đầu trở nên hứng thú với việc đưa những khái niệm
vào những môn khoa học cơ bản trong chương trình học. Đa phần mục tiêu của việc giáo dục này là
để phát hiện những triệu chứng thiếu vitamins. Thời điểm đó đặt nền móng cho sự bắt đầu của cái
cuối cùng biến từ sự bỏ qua thành sự phủ nhận giá trị của các liệu pháp dinh dưỡng trong Dược”.
Question 32. The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to ______.
A. therapies B. claims C. effects D. vitamins
Câu cuối đoạn 2: “Reekless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could
actually be achieved from the use of them”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Những kết luận tùy tiện đưa ra về những tác động của vitamin mà vượt quá những gì
có thể thực sự đạt được từ việc sử dụng chúng”.
Question 33. Why did vitamin therapy begin losing favor in the 1950s?
A. The public lost interest in vitamins.
71
B. Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts.
C. Nutritional research was of poor quality.
D. Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated.
Câu 4 đoạn cuối: “Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated”.
Dịch nghĩa: “Những tuyên bố về sự thành công khi dùng vitamins trong điều trị bệnh tật bị thổi phồng
quá mức”.
Question 34. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses _______.
A. the fourth era of nutrition history.
B. problems associated with malnutrition.
C. how drug companies became successful.
D. why nutrition education lost its appearance.
Câu cuối của bài: “As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective
when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition
that lead to chronic health problems”.
Under nutrition = malnutrition: suy dinh dưỡng.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to
complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 35. Kenny: “Do you mind if I smoke?” - Leslei: “_________.”
A. I’d rather you didn’t. B. No, I can’t.
C. No, thank you. D. Yes, I do.
Đáp án A. Kenny hỏi Leslei có phiền không nếu anh ấy hút thuốc, và Leslei không đồng ý với việc
đó. Chủ từ + would rather/sooner + mệnh đề that (chủ từ + thì quá khứ giả định – past subjunctive)
(khi hai chủ từ khác nhau).
Question 36. Peter: “Would you mind locking the door when you leave?” - Lina: “________.”
A. Not at all B. Sure C. Why not? D. Yes, I would
Đáp án A dùng để đáp lại câu hỏi “Do/Would you mind …?”.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 37. Marco tried to keep a low profile because he didn’t want to be ______.
A. ignored by the public B. paid by his employer
C. bothered by the media D. ignored by his employer
Đáp án B: keep a low profile = tránh thu hút sự chú ý; bother = làm phiền, quấy rầy.
Question 38. “If you are not satisfied _______ your purchase, we will give you a full refund.”
A. at B. of C. for D. with
be satisfied with someone/something = hài lòng, thỏa mãn.
Question 39. Susan is a friendly girl who ______ everyone she meets.
A. gets up B. gets on with C. gets over D. gets out of
get on/ along with = hòa đồng với, có quan hệ thân hữu. get up: thức dậy
get over: khỏi (bệnh); get out of: thoát khỏi
72
Question 40. Please ______ your luggage and leave now. I can’t stand your presence any more.
A. pack up B. throw off C. fit in D. pile up
Pack up one’s luggage: thu dọn đồ đạc Throw off: từ bỏ, vứt bỏ.
Fit in (with sb): hòa đồng Pile up: chồng đống
Question 41. Next month, I _______ Dereck for 20 years.
A. have known B. will now
C. will have been knowing D. will have known
Ta dùng thì Tương lai hoàn thành để diễn tả hành động sẽ hoàn tất so với thời điểm trong tương lai.
“Next month, I will have known Dereck for 20 years” = Đến tháng tới tôi quen biết Dereck được 20
năm.
Question 42. Luckily, I ______ a new pair of sunglasses as I found mine at the bottom of a bag.
A. hadn’t to buy B. didn’t need to buy
C. needed not to buy D. needn’t have bought
didn’t need to do something = thấy không cần thiết phải làm cái gì (và đã không làm). “Luckily, I
didn’t need to buy a new pair of sunglasses as I found mine at the bottom of a bag” = May thay, tôi
không cần phải mua cặp mắt kính mới vì đã tìm thấy cặp mắt kính của mình ở đáy giỏ.
Question 43. “I’m going out now.” - “______ you happen to pass a chemist’s, would you get me
some aspirins?”
A. Had B. Should C. Did D. Were
Với câu điều kiện loại I, khi lược bỏ từ “if” ta đưa động từ tình thái “should” ra đầu câu và thực hiện
đảo ngữ. “Should you happen to pass a chemist’s, would you get me some aspirins?” = Nếu anh có
dịp đi qua tiệm thuốc tây thì làm ơn mua dùm tôi vài viên aspirin.
Question 44. You will spend at least one year working abroad _______ you can find out how things
operate overseas.
A. in that B. in order that C. in order for D. as long as
in order that + mệnh đề chỉ mục đích. “You will spend at least one year working abroad in order that
you can find out how things operate overseas” = Anh sẽ mất ít nhất một năm làm việc ở nước ngoài
để tìm hiểu xem ở nước ngoài mọi thứ hoạt động ra sao.
Question 45. Many plants can grow in water, without any soil, ______ nutrients are added.
A. above all B. as long as C. sure that D. of necessity
as long as (=if) = miễn là, chỉ cần, với điều kiện là. “Many plants can grow in water, without any
soil, as long as nutrients are added” = Nhiều loại cây có thể mọc trong nước, không cần đất, miễn
là được cung cấp chất dinh dưỡng.
above all: trên tất cả of necessity: cần thiết sure that: chắc chắn rằng
Question 46. I ______ hope there won’t be a repetition of these unfortunate events.
A. unfailingly B. bitterly C. completely D. sincerely
sincerely = một cách chân thành; unfailingly + tính từ = luôn luôn, lúc nào cũng (chỉ một đặc điểm tốt
đẹp của một người); unfailingly courteous = luôn luôn lịch sự; bitterly = cay đắng, chua chát;
completely = hoàn toàn.
73

KẾ HOẠCH LÊN LỘ TRÌNH 21 NGÀY LẤY NGAY 8 TIẾNG ANH

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KẾ HOẠCH LÊN LỘ TRÌNH 21 NGÀY LẤY NGAY 8 TIẾNG ANH

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MS NGOC LAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY

- Tài liệu học được biên soạn với số lượng &

Giúp các con không chỉ tích lũy kiến thức mà

- Thạc sỹ ngành Phương pháp và Lý

Thông tin liên lac

Tiếng Anh cô Lưu Ngọc Lan

174 ngõ Xã Đàn 2, Đống Đa, HN

MẸO LÀM BÀI

MẸO LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU

I. THỦ THUẬT CHUNG

II. CHIẾN THUẬT CỤ THỂ VỚI TỪNG DẠNG BÀI

- According to the passage,

2. Ghi chú bên cạnh những từ mới.

3. Cố gắng đọc một cách thường xuyên.

4. Hãy chuẩn bị sẵn sàng mọi thứ cho việc đọc

5. Đọc những gì mà bạn yêu thích hay quan tâm.

MẸO LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU – EXERCISES

MẸO LÀM BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU – KEY EXERCISES

TRỌNG ÂM VỚI TỪ GHÉP

1. Danh từ ghép (compound noun) / Cụm danh từ

2. Tính từ ghép (compound adjective)

Danh từ đứng trước Tính từ/trạng từ đứng trước

3. Động từ ghép (compound verb)

TRỌNG ÂM VỚI TỪ GHÉP – EXERCISES

Question 1. A. respiratory B. initiative C. eco-friendly D. renewable

wind-blown, full-length, red-carpet, half-price, second-hand, kind-hearted, hair-raising, record-

TRỌNG ÂM VỚI TỪ GHÉP – KEY EXERCISES

Question 1. A. respiratory B. initiative C. eco-friendly D. renewable

wind-blown, full-length, red-carpet, half-price, second-hand, kind-hearted, hair-raising, record-

CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI

CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI:

I. LỖI SAI CHÍNH TẢ

II. LỖI SAI NGỮ PHÁP

1. Sai về sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ

2. Sai về thì của động từ

5. Sai về câu điều kiện

7. Sai hình thức so sánh

8. So... that... và Such... that...

10. Dùng sai hình thức phân từ

CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI – EXERCISES

CÁC DẠNG SAI TRONG BÀI SỬA LỖI – KEY EXERCISES

MẠO TỪ VÀ NHỮNG LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP

1. Mạo từ xác định là “cái gì” thế?

2. Khi nào dùng “THE”?

3. Khi nào KHÔNG dùng “THE”?

4. Khi nào dùng “A/ AN”?

5. Khi nào KHÔNG dùng “A/ AN”?

Trước danh từ số nhiều Ta nói apples, không dùng an apples

* Phân biệt cách sử dụng “a” và “an”

MẠO TỪ VÀ NHỮNG LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP – EXERCISES

Choose the best answer.

MẠO TỪ VÀ NHỮNG LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP – KEY EXERCISES

Choose the best answer.

A. ALL, MOST, SOME, HALF, NO, NONE

B. EVERY, EACH, BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER

TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH – EXERCISES

Few A few No Many Much

TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH – KEY EXERCISES

Few A few No Many Much

A. HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS, MOREOVER, THEREFORE

2. Đôi khi từ có thể nằm ở những vị trí khác nhau.

B. ALTERNATIVELY, OTHERWISE, INSTEAD

D. IN FACT, INDEED, ACTUALLY, AS A MATTER OF FACT.