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Genre-Stylistic and Lexico-Semantic Features F Eng
Genre-Stylistic and Lexico-Semantic Features F Eng
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Olga Demydenko
National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
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are interested in studying this scientific work will acteristics of a scientific and technical text. Each
directly depend on the quality of the translation. term must be based on a definition, so that the term
Special translation is a translation of special texts, is an accurate and at the same time concise descrip-
i.e., texts related to a particular scientific field that tion of an object or phenomenon. The term can be
has its own terminology, or to several fields. Thus, formed on the basis of one language or borrowed
almost any non-fiction text can be called a special from another one.
text, the content of which generally refers to a spe- The main way of translating professional terms is
cific topic, which is quite typical for communication the selection of the lexical equivalent in the language
[5, p. 158–177]. of translation, which is registered in the dictionary
Special translation breaks down into four types and exactly coincides with the meaning of the origi-
corresponding to functional styles, i.e. translation: nal term. According to V.I. Karaban, the translation
official texts (diplomatic, legal, military, commer- of multi-equivalent terms requires the translator to
cial, laws, orders, decrees, characteristics, proto- be able to find an adequate equivalent in a certain
cols, receipts, certificates, etc.); scientific and tech- context. If there are no dictionary equivalents for
nical texts (relating to various subject areas of sci- professional terms, translators use various methods
ence and technology); journalistic texts (serving to of translation transformations [6, p. 66–108].
influence people through the media: information is In our article, translation transformations were
intended for wide sections of society, the impact is divided into lexical, lexical-semantic, lexical-gram-
directed not only to the mind, but also to the feel- matical and grammatical. All these types of transfor-
174 «Молодий вчений» • № 7 (83) • липень, 2020 р.
mations can be used for translating terminology of ex- – functional equivalence: «Today there is sim-
act and natural sciences from English into Ukrainian. ply no battery technology capable of meeting the
Lexical transformations: uncommonly high power, long service lifetime and
– transcription: «New processor three times more super-low cost» («На сьогоднішній день не існує
capable than this current system» («Новий процесор технології, яка дала б нам акумулятор, здатний
в три рази потужніший, ніж нинішня система»); задовольнити високим вимогам енергосистеми,
– transliteration: «After the war the monitor таким як велика потужність, довгий термін
was used for testing of different weapon systems» служби і дуже низька собівартість»).
(«Після війни монітор використовувався для Grammatical transformations:
випробування різних систем озброєння»); – addition: «Video and jukebox don't work»
– mixed transcoding: «Portable fission de- («Відео та дисковод з автоматичною заміною
vice, five-kiloton yield» («Портативний девайс дисків не працюють»);
розщеплення ядра, потужністю п'ять кілотонн»); – compression: «He was coptered out with a
– adaptive transcoding: «In 1897, a telephone serious injury» («Його евакуювали із серйозною
cable to the mainland was laid» («У 1897 році травмою») («copter» – летіти на вертольоті,
прокладено телефонний кабель до материка»); перевозити вертольотом). У цьому випадку
– calque/loan translation: «Press the button оригінал містить більше інформації, оскільки
with the pencil image or hot key F4 on the key- вказано чим саме була евакуйована людина, в
board to open the record editor» («Щоб відкрити перекладі цю інформацію вилучили;
вікно редагування запису, треба натиснути – grammatical replacement: зміна типів речен-
на кнопку із зображенням олівця, або гарячу ня (англійське просте речення перетворилося на
клавішу F4 на клавіатурі»). українське складнопідрядне речення мети: «The
Lexical and semantic transformations: touchpad is needed to move the cursor across the
– concretization: «Space motion have been de- display screen» («Потрібна сенсорна панель, щоб
signed to investigate the physics of the phenomena» керувати курсором по екрану») [1; 4, p. 326–359;
(«Ведеться підготовка космічних польотів для 5, p. 158–177; 8; 9].
вивчення фізики явищ»); Conclusions and scope for further re-
– generalization: «Depression can really affect search. During the analysis of professional texts
you in the long run» («психічний розлад може of exact sciences and their Ukrainian translations
тривати довгий час»); it was revealed that professional multidisciplinary
– modulation: «Excess heat can cause com- texts have certain features that constitute major
puter freeze» («Через перегрівання операційна challenges for a translator. First of all, we are talk-
система може не реагувати на дії користувача»). ing about terms, the translation of which requires
Операційна система перестає виконувати a precise understanding of the specifics of the field
функції як наслідок зависання комп’ютера. in which the translator works. The main way of
Lexical and grammatical transformations: translating professional terms is the selection of
– explication: «Native mode: it is installed directly a regular dictionary equivalent, which exists in the
on the system hardware» («Режим роботи у власній language of translation and accurately conveys the
системі команд встановлюється безпосередньо content of a specific language unit to denote certain
на системне апаратне забезпечення»); objects and phenomena. In the process of compara-
– descriptive periphrasis: «Above we have dis- tive analysis of the original text and the translated
cussed two graphical frontends to burning» («Вище text, it was determined that professional terms can
ми розповіли про дві графічні програми для also be skillfully translated with the help of certain
запису компакт-дисків»); translation transformations.
References:
1. Brain Games. URL: https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/tv/brain-games/
2. Brandes, M.P. (2004). Stilistika teksta. Teoreticheskij kurs (3rd ed.) [Text’s stylistics. The theoretical course].
Moscow: Progress-Tradiciya; INFRA. (in Russian)
ФІЛОЛОГІЧНІ науки
3. Dyakov, A.S., Kiyak, T.R., & Kudelko, Z.B. (2000). Osnovi termіnotvorennya: Semantichnij ta socіolіngvіstich-
nij aspekti [The basics of terminology creation: Semantic and Sociolinguistics aspects]. Kyiv: KMAcademia.
(in Ukrainian)
4. Karaban, V.І. (2004). Pereklad anglіjskoi naukovoi і tekhnіchnoi lіteraturi. Gramatichnі trudnoshchі, leksichnі,
termіnologіchnі ta zhanrovo-stilіstichnі problemi [The translation of English scientific and technical literature.
Grammatical difficulties, lexical, terminological and genre-stylistic problems]. Vіnnicya: Nova kniga. (in Ukrainian)
5. Korunec, І.V. (2008). Vstup do perekladoznavstva [Introduction to the translation studies]. Pіdruchnik. Vіnnicya:
Nova kniga. (in Ukrainian)
6. Kovalenko, A.Y. (2001). Zagalnij kurs naukovo-tekhnіchnogo perekladu: Navchalnij posіbnik [The general course
of the scientific and technical translation]. Vіnnicya: Nova kniga. (in Ukrainian)
7. Mіshchenko, A.L. (2013). Lіngvіstika fahovih mov ta suchasna model naukovo-tekhnіchnogo perekladu: mono-
grafіya [Linguistics of the special text and modern model of the scientific and technical translation]. Vіnnicya:
Nova kniga. (in Ukrainian)
8. Silicon Cowboys. URL: https://www.netflix.com/ua/title/80104318
9. The Secret Rules of Modern Living: Algorithms. URL: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5818010/