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ALL SAINTS' COLLEGE

Science Department
Year 12 ATAR Chemistry Test
2: Equilibrium

Name:

Teacher:

Questions 1-3 refer to the reaction and diagram below:

1.
CHA
(g)

+ H2O
(g)
 3 H2 (9)
+ CO AH + 206 kJ
(g)

D
E
‫וח‬

Which one of the following is true?

The forward reaction is endothermic.

15
The axis representing potential energy is B.
c)
The enthalpy difference for the reaction is E.
d)
The activation energy for the forward reaction is D minus C.

2.

3.
Which one of the following represents the activation energy for the reverse
reaction?
 a)
C

b)
D

d)
D plus F

Which one of the following represents the heat of reaction for the forward reaction?

a)
C minus D
E
C
O
ட

Enthalpy
3C2H2

(H)

656 J

Cole

83 LJ

Use the information in the above diagram to calculate AH for the reaction 3C2H2(g) →
C6H6(9)

a)
+ 739 kJ

b)
+ 573 kJ

- 573 kJ

d)
- 656 kJ

The following information refers to the next two questions. Examine the following
potential energy diagram for a chemical reaction:

60
Relative energy
KJ
40

5.

6.
reactants
20

ДП
0
products

Time

The enthalpy change AH and the activation energy Ea in kJ for the reaction are
respectively

AH = -25 kJ
and
E = 35 kJ

AH = +25 kJ
and
Ea = 35 kJ
c)
d)
AH = +35 kJ AH-60
kJ
and
E2 = 60 kJ

and
=

E, 35 kJ
 If a catalyst is added to the system (choose one answer):

both AH and E, decrease

b)
AH remains constant but E, decreases
AH decreases and E, remains constant

d)
both AH and E, remain constant.

7.

The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction, 2H2(g) +

O2(g) is equal to 2 x 1081 at 25°C. This value suggests that
O2(g) 2H2O(g)

a)
this reaction favours the forward reaction slightly more than the reverse
reaction.

b)
this reaction favours the reverse reaction slightly more than the forward
reaction.

c)
this reaction virtually goes to completion with little reversal.
d)
this reaction virtually does not proceed forward and largely favours the
reactants.

8.
The equilibrium expression, K, for the reaction below would be:

N2O4(g)
→ 2NO2(g)

a)
K = [N2O1]
 2[NO2]

b)
K = 2[NO2]

[N2O4]

[NO2]] 2 [N2D+]
c)

Ө
9.
K = [N2O1]

[NO2]2

K = [NO212
[N2O4]

What would happen to the value of K in the reaction described in question 8, if the
pressure of the N2O4 is doubled?

K IS ONY
2xP 2x CAFFECTED BY
K would not be affected.

b)
K would be halved.

c)
K would be doubled.

d)
K would increase by a factor of 4.
 TEMPERATU
RE

10.
What is the equilibrium constant expression for the dissolving of solid silver
sulfate in water?
f

(a)
K =
[Ag+12 [SO42]
[Ag2SO4] [H2O]

K =
[Ag+] [SO,2-1
[H2O]

(c)
K =
[Ag+12 [SO 2-]
[Ag2SO4]

d)
K=
[Ag+]2 [SO42-]
+
L.
+

sna (ca)
2Ag
(99)
 12.
Questions 11 and 12 refer to the following diagram

Aqueous solutions of copper (II) ions and ammonia form the equilibrium presented below:
+ 6 H2O (1)
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
+ 4 NH3 (aq)
J
Pale blue
→ [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (aq) 2
 deep royal blue

The following graph shows the changes in concentration with time for [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ ions when solutions of copper (II) nitrate and ammonia are mixed.

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05
Concentration (mol L-1)

11.

a)
[Cu(NH,),*

[Cu(H,O),

10
20
30
40
50
60
70

Time (min)

Which one of the following statements is true for this equilibrium system?

c)
d)
The system reaches equilibrium at approximately 35 minutes. At
 equilibrium, the concentration of NH3 will always be four times
greater than the concentration of [Cu(NH3)4]2+
Adding ammonia to the system will decrease the equilibrium constant. At equilibrium, the rate of
the forward reaction is less than the rate of the reverse reaction.

Which one of the following would be observed if a small quantity of

concentrated nitric acid was added to the system after it had reached
equilibrium?

a)
b)
C)
d)
The solution would be a deeper royal blue colour. The
solution would be a paler blue colour.
There would be no change in the colour of the system.
Copper(II) nitrate crystals would precipitate from
solution.

END OF SECTION 1

1.
Section Two: Short answer
(48 Marks)

According to collision theory, what two criteria must be met before a

molecular collision will result in a chemical reaction?

The particles must collicle with

sufficient amount of
Ea
favourable

energy and with the right

orientation..
(2)
2.
State what is meant by the terms 'rate of reaction' and 'activation
energy'.

Rate of reaction...

change in concentration per

unit fine
the speed at which the products
are formed
dr reactants are consumed.

Activation energy. The minimum amount of energy

reqqind for the reaction to occur. or for success fry

3.

a)
collisions
The diagram below shows the energy distribution curve for a sample of gas at
a fixed temperature. Ea is the activation energy for the decomposition of this
gas.

Number of
molecules
with a given
energy

E.
Energy

On this diagram sketch the distribution curve for the same sample of gas at a
higher temperature.
(3)

(1)
4.
b)

c)
What is the effect of an increase in temperature on the rate of a chemical
reaction? Explain your answer with reference to the energy distribution curve on the
previous page.

Effect increases the rate of reaction

Explanation...
The ↑ temp. ↑ away. Kinell's
energy of. The
(1)

particles, I frequency of collisions

 betheer the parices.
Арансы
Greater percentage of particles with kinetic
energy above In
resulting in higher reaction rate.
(2)

What is the effect of the addition of a catalyst on the rate of a chemical reaction? Explain
your answer with reference to the energy distribution curve on the previous page.

Effect....
increase RR
✓
Explanation. Provides an alternate reaction pathway for the
partider, decreasing their Ey albring
for
(1)

greater % of particles to have EJ Ea, ↑ rate of

successful
Collisions ↑ RR.
(2)

The questions below refer to the equilibrium of Co(H2O)2+ and CoCl2- ions
in solution.

Co(H2O)2+ + 4 CI-
CoCI,2-
(aq)
(aq)
(aq)

+ 6 H2O (1)
AH = positive
Pink
blue

a)
 Write the equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction. (1)

Кс
[Cock"] [a-]+ [co(+10)62
2n

b)
What would be observed if a few drops of silver nitrate solution
(AgNO3 (aq)) were added? Explain this observation using Le Chatelier's
principle.

white precipitate, sellution turing

more pink
Ag Nos cag) would result in a [er] us
precipitation can occur
ト

Aglag) + Crays → Ag((s). LCP favours the

reverse reaction
shifing the equilibriumg to the left. The
[C1-7 partly increase but.
2:1

(3)

not back to anginal value the [culthor")

increases, Lauery a darker pink. The [coc,2]
decreases causing the blue to
start fading.
 (6)
5.
This question relates to the following reaction:
ends

N2 (9)
+ O2 (g)
2 NO (g)
AH = + 180 kJ mol-1

exo
Complete the table by predicting and explaining the effect on the position of
equilibrium of the following imposed changes. (simply stating Le Chateliers principle
does not constitute an explanation)

Imposed
change

Increased Temperature

Reduce the

volume of the reaction

vessel

Remove some of the

NO(g)
Effect on equilibrium
position

(to right, to left, no change)

 Right

no change.

right
Explanation

LCP predicts ↑ T, favours the endothenic reacten

(forward rxn). treat

tentualpy ↓ T of systern
near original [N2] ↓
[02] [No n [02]↓
LV 1 P
LCP favours side with leis not of
gas to ↓ P.. But since both
the Fund I have I not of gas.
 neither can be fuered. [ ]
of all substances ↑
rate out F and R stay same relatie
to each other.

↓ [NO]
LCP favours forward R
se the No can be
produce
d
and

[No] can ↑ porter back to

original.
(~27% [02]\.
6.

b)
 c)
During the production of nitric acid, the following exothermic reaction
occurs:

4 NH3
(g)

+502 (g) 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (9)

Chemical engineers would seek to try to increase both the rate and the yield for this process.
a)
Give three actions, with brief explanations using your knowledge of
Collision theory, that would maximise (increase) the rate of the forward
reaction.

Action
Explanation
thigh temperature ↑ Temp. the overdige kicks evershy of
particles ↑
and the greater proportion of particles have
Kinetic energy higher than the activation

thigh Pressure

Adding a
Catalyst
(3)
 energy. The frequency of successful collisions increase
Causing an increase in reaction vecte.
↑ Pissure, means the concentration of particles in the system increases. The frequency of
successful
collisions increase, this increases the reaction rate

Provides an alternate reaction pathway

to the particles, decreasing the
activates energy and ↑ .%. of
particles with E DEG. ↑ frequency
of successfry collisions ↑ RK.

Give two actions, with explanations using your knowledge of Collision theory, that
would maximise the yield for the reaction.

Action
Explanation
(4)

Low
Temperatur
e

Low pressure
Adecrease in temperatur forcours the exotronic for aid
rocter as they have a laver Ea than endo reactions. The found is on
is thenter forend
Maring for a higher field to be produced

A low pressure decreases the concentration of

products and reactants in the systern. Equilibris would
shift to the side with higher not of ions se the
concentrates of patrcles ↑ and the colisens aswey
 the fomard reaction is fawurd as it consumeds amok of
ions to produce louls. which
↑ the yield of protects.
What would the chemical engineers have to do if an answer to (a) is an
opposite action to an answer in (b)?

They would have to find an

intermediary..
condition when the yield and RR
wre redutnely high.
(2)
7.
In our blood, oxygen is transported by combining with haemoglobin in the blood
according to the following reversible reaction to form oxyhaemoglobin that travels
around the body:

HAEMOGLOBIN (aq) + O2 (g) OXYHAEMOGLOBIN (aq)

The presence of carbon monoxide in the blood causes the following

irreversible reaction.

HAEMOGLOBIN
(aq)
+ CO(g)
→ CARBOXYHAEMOGLOBIN
(aq)
(4)

The concentration of oxygen in a person's blood is 0.01 mol L-1. The blood in the
person's body undergoes the following changes. Predict the effect of these changes
on the oxygen concentration in the blood.
 Imposed
change

Haemoglobin
concentration

in blood is
increased. (high
altitude training
can achieve this)

CO(g) levels in
blood increases.
Concentration of
oxygen in blood.
(Circle correct
answer)

More than 0.01

mol L-1

fo
or
0.01 mol L-1

Less than 0.01

mol L-1

More than 0.01

mol L-1
 0.01 mol L

Less than 0.01 mol

L-1
Explanation

The concentration of haemeydan increases. To partially

counteract the imposed change, the
forward readien is favoured as the
haemoglobin gets Consumed,
partially declining concentati off the
haemoglobin.
Equilibrium shifts right,
consuning
the [Q] darcases.
021
as production of
oxyhamosbbin
is favoured

CD level in blood causes increased

consumption of raenogbbin resulting in less
nuevo robin to rect with the Oz. Equilising shift left as LCP favours the reverse
reaction to partially increase the
concentration of haemoglobin
this in neases
concentration of 8 (9)
Сохунаподьціў)
в
8.
The industrial process for converting ammonia into nitric acid is done in
three stages.
 Should
you
Stage 1: 4NH3(g) + 502(g) 4NO(g) +
6H2O(g)
AH = -950 kJ mol1

Stage 2: 2NO(g) +
O2(g)
2NO2(g)
AH-114 kJ mol

Stage 3: 3NO2(g) + H2O(1) 2HNO3(aq) +

NO(g)
AH = -117 kJ mol1
consider
(89)

is in

Consider the reaction in Stage 1 above.

a) State how the temperature should be changed in order to increase the

yield at equilibrium in this reaction. Explain using Le Chatelier's
principle.
(3)

The reaction is exotuanic so temperature should

be dockesed LCP predict a decrease in
temperature favors the extreme reciction as
enthalpy is converted to heat, party
counteracting the imposed change. Since this
 ficount the endofrenie...
(forward
reaction)
reaction of the products are fucourd
resulting in a high yield.
b) State how the pressure should be changed in order to increase the yield
at equilibrium in this reaction. Explain using Le Chatelier's principle.
(3)

The pressure would have no effect on the

yield as the number of nols of reactant lagland
(gl spearc equals
to the number of mock
of product (ugler (7 speciel So a change in
pressun will not result in
9 shift of equilibrin qe the change can't. be partially
counteracted.