Day 1 - Magh 28, Wed

Introduction to Quality Assurance & Quality Control

Quality Control Er. Jagadiswar M. Shrestha

NEC Regd. No. 836 ‘Civil’ A
Civil Design Chief
ChesCo, Maharajgunj
jmshrestha123@gmail.com
 Introduction to Quality Assurance & Quality Control

HW of Sikta I.P. (SIP) HW of Rani Jamara Kularia I.P. (RJKIP)

Tunnel (BBDMP)
LAB LAB

KR Timilsena-Ashok Singh- Shiv K. Basnet

Headworks of Babai Irrigation Project, Bardia
Designed By : MacDonald & Partners
Contractor : Sambu Construction, Korea
Completed Year : 1992 (BS2050)
 Work Executed

180,000

167,810
200,000

180,000
SIP RJKIP BBDMP
160,000

140,000

120,000

80,110
70,000

100,000

56,540
51,432
80,000
45,000

42,348

35,240
60,000

20,136

13,836
40,000

5,580
20,000

0
Aggregate Concrete Sample Cubes Steel Bar
(295,000 m3) (261,590 m3) (39,552 No.) (171,890 qtl.)
 Objective of (Quality) Life
• Happiness (सख
ु ) • Peaceful (शान्ति) • Blissful(आनतद)

Types of Work (कर्म)

– Good work (सुकर्म)
• General Work साधारण (र्ानवीय-पारीवारीक) कर्म
• Better Work श्रेष्ठ कर्म (सर्ाज सेवा)
– Bad work (ववकर्म)
• Inhumanity (अर्ानवीय)

• For Peace, there is need of श्रेष्ठ कर्म (सेवा)

• The combination of Happiness & Peace will get Blissful Life

IQ-EQ-MQ-SQ
• Satisfaction is better than Success
• Success is evaluated by other person whereas Satisfaction is
evaluated by self.
QA&QC likely to based on Buddhism
बद्
ु धर् ् शरणर् ् गच्छामर्
(Let us follow experience & knowledge)

धरर्र् ् शरणर् ् गच्छामर्

(Let us move forward with morality)

संघर् ् शरणर् ् गच्छामर्

(Let us move forward with unitedly )
Some Construction quality issues in Nepal
• Quality of Infrastructure is also one of the development
indicators. But due to lack of knowledge, does not
emphases on this matter
• Research work on major development work should
compulsory in major development work
• About 1-2% of budget must be expend in quality control
mechanism for lab & human resources
• Lab establishment for quality control must established in
each district
(Some of major cities has already standard Lab but most are not in
operation due to lack of human resources and emphasis)
• No provision of Lab person as employee and incentive
• Sufficient training to the human resource shall develop
Some RCC Failures
 Irrigation Structure, Banke (BS 2030)

Irrigation Structure, Kailali

(BS 2070) Road collapsed (BS 2077)
Damage of Structure due to Earthquake

𝑬𝒒.𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 (=𝑴𝒙𝒂)
Earthquake Damage=
𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 & 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚
 Quality Assurance plan
• Quality Assurance (QA) is process oriented and focuses on
defect prevention
• Quality Assurance (QA) makes sure you are doing the right things,
the right way which is based on Method
-Management Tool

• Quality control (QC) is product oriented and focuses on defect

identification
• Quality Control (QC) makes sure the results of what you've done
& what you expected
-Controlling Tool
 Objective
The purpose of QAP is to attain quality of the
construction work in accordance with Technical
Specifications as accurately as possible.
 Nature of Quality Job
Doing job is very easy
but
doing quality job is very difficult
 Knowledge
Minimum Degree & Self Study

Skill
Practical Knowledge to do

Attitude
Willingness to do & Share
 Quality Control System of Headworks of Sikta Irr. Project (SIP), Rani Jamara
Kularia Irr. Project (RJKIP) & Tunnel construction of Bheri Babai Diversion
Multipurpose Project (BBDMP)

HWs of Sikta I.P., HWs of RJKIP, Tunnel (12.2kM) of

Particular Agaiya, Banke Chisapani, Kailali BBDMP, Surkhet
Date of Agreement 2006 June 05 2011 Feb 03 2015 Jan 29
Date to be Complete in
2009 Dec 31 2013 Aug 15 2020 Sep 18
Agreement
2010 May 31 2014 June 29 7.5 month before
Date of completion
(EoT 5.5m) (EoT13.5m) scheduled Time
Contract Amount 1,855,051,757.91 1,049,030,312.18 10,569,732,141.52

Final Expenditure 1,860,408,051.23 1,003,3,73,449.67 8,009,403,764 (Till paid)

Concrete Works 167,810 cum 42,348 cum 51,432 cum

Rebar Consumed 8,011MT 3,524 MT 5,654 MT
Sample Cube Crushed 20,136 no 5,580 no 13,836 no

Contract of Headworks/Powerhouse of BBDMP was awarded on 29 June 2019 to

complete within 4 yrs. in amount NRs.6,165,215,775.89
 Performance based on Average & Multiplication
Concrete Quality If students had got
Cement Quality 100% 95% such marks, their
× × result would have
Aggregate Quality 100% 95% been distinction

× ×
100% 95%
Batching & Mixing But, this principle
× × does not apply
Transportation & Pouring 100% 95% here!
× ×
Compaction 100% 95%

× × “It shows clearly that

Finishing 100% 95% why quality control is
× × important and sensitive
from the level of each
Curing 100% 95%
constituents to the
=

=
level of finishing
Concrete Structure 100% 70% structure”
 3C Relation
Obey the
Professional
Person from
wherever the
position

Consultant
 Quality of Time Value

Headworks Model of SIP,Banke Before Construction (June 2006)

Completed Headworks of SIP, Banke After Construction (May 2010)

Google Map of HWs of Sikta I.P.

Cofferdam planning
 15m deep Sump well for 11m deep
cutoff construction

11 m
Depth

Total concrete construction in dry state for 4 year

Total concreting works of 167,810 m3
was done in full dry condition
Karnali Bridge from left bank

Intake side
 Optimaization of Design
Clean water in Intake of Karnali Flood-Support for Settling basin
 Tunnel Construction of Bheri Babai Diversion
Multipurpose Project by using TBM

Bheri
Babai River
River

Underconstruction
Miss Communication among Two Group of Same Work

Two group working with same drawing from beginning point &
end point
 Vision or Intension of Specification from
Engineer (Consultant or Client) & Contractor
 Typo mistake
God is nowhere = God is no_where or God is now_here ?

There was mentioned in the specification only “tests shall be carried out by
contractor” and no any mentioned about equipment establishment and mode of
payment of the tests. Contractor claimed on this issue, what will be the solution?
 Quality Assurance Plan
The Contractor (minor, moderate & major) shall submit Quality Assurance Plan
(QAP) to the Engineer for his approval which shall be based on the detailed
Program of the Works
The Quality Assurance Plan shall include the following:

The test schedule and testing program detailing the list of tests for compliance,
laboratory trials, site trials and trials sections, construction control tests and
their frequencies, Estimate of the number of tests to be carried out, list and
number of appropriate equipment to conduct them, list of tests to be conducted
outside the site laboratory, if any, identification of the outside laboratory where
proposed to carry out the test as in following table

Spec.limit Cond
Item as in Test No. of Spec./code Conduct Rem
Material Tests Requireme Qty. Equipment ucted
BoQ Frequency test Reference ed at arks
nt by
 Quality Assurance Plan
• List of staff assigned to the laboratory, their position and responsibilities in the
quality control procedures, their qualification and experience,
• General description and detailed organization of the laboratory activities.
• The list of sources of materials,
• their main characteristics & identification mode as provided by the supplier
when required
• the program of supply and procurement of material and/or manufactured
articles in accordance with the Program

The Contractor shall implement the Quality Control (QC) in compliance with the
approved QAP.

The Engineer’s approval of the QAP shall not relieve the Contractor from his
responsibility of the quality of the Works as per the Conditions of Contract and these
Specifications
Project Organization Chart
Content of Quality Assurance of Plan (QAP)
 Reporting of Activities
Verifying Performed
S.N. Activity Approved by
document by
Contractor’s
1. Site diary Site report Site Engineer
Representative (CR)
2. Progress report Progress report Site Engineer CR
3. Accident report Accident report Safety Officer CR
Planned vs. progress Program and progress
4. Site Engineer CR
report report
Environmental
5. Environmental report Environmental report CR
Engineer
Report to the Progress report to the
6. Site Engineer CR
engineer Engineer
7. Claims Measurement report QS Engineer CR

8. Variation in work Report on work variation QS Engineer Employer/Engineer/CR

Site Engineer/ Employer/

9 Construction quality Quality Report
Lab In-charge Engineer/QAE
 Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
1. Work Schedule (weekly, monthly, yearly) in detail
2. Job Description of each human resources
3. General Working Methodology for all items
4. Working Methodology for major item
5. Quality Assurance of Plan of Each item
6. Security Management
 2. Job Description
Site Engineer
• Location : BBDMP, Surkhet
• Responsible to : Contractor’s Representative
• Responsible for : Supervision of Construction Works
• Functional Relationship : To co-ordinate with Employer,
Engineer’s Representative and QAE
• Principal Functions : To carry out the day to day
construction activities
• Specific Activities : Making daily site diaries
• Personal Qualification : Bachelor in Civil Engineering
• Timing and Duration : 57 Months
 Working Methodology
• Concreting Works:
– Testing and approval of concreting materials of
specified grade.
– Proportioning of ingredient materials as determine in
design mixes and production of the concrete.
– Checking, centering and shuttering taking approval
from Employer/Engineer.
– Transportation, Pouring & Compaction of concrete.
– Making working cubes for testing compressive
strength.
– Curing for min.10 days.
 Working Methodology
• Form Works:
➢ Approval of material for false works rcing bars as specified in
Technical Specifications.
➢ Approval of material for false works.
➢ Construct form works as per contract Technical Specifications
➢ Removal of form works as per Technical Specifications.
• Steel Reinforcement Works:
➢ Testing of reinforcing bar as per Technical Specifications and its
approval from Employer/Engineer.
➢ Prepare and approve bar bending schedule.
➢ Cutting, bending reinforcing bars as specified in Technical
Specifications.
➢ Placing as per approved drawings.
➢ Approval before concerting.
 Brief Working Procedure

Major Item can have detail

Working Procedure
Material Quality Control
 Quality
Control
of
Concrete
 Calibration of Testing Machine

Compression Testing Machine Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

Note: Calibration of Testing Machine shall be carried out each year and it shall be
invalid if the machine is disturbed or moved.
Batching Plant Calibration
 Quality Assurance Plan of Reinforcement Bar
Spec.limit Cond
Test No. of Spec./code Conduct Rem
Item Material Tests Requireme Qty. Equipment ucted
Frequency test Reference ed at arks
nt by
As per
Weight per
specified in Lab
running Site Lab
code for Staff
meter
different dia

0.2 percent Lab

500 N/mm2 Site Lab
A(5.2). proof Staff
Universal
Reinforce Tensile
ment Machine
Lab
Works Elongation 16 % Site Lab
Staff
using Fe Every 100T for IS 1786 –
4898
ech lot &
500 TMT Rebars Mt
50 2008 or NS
diameter 191 - 2046
in Tensile >565 MPa
Site Lab
Lab
segments strength or 1.1 fy Staff

No visible Lab
Bend test Site Lab
crack Staff
Universal
Tensile
Machine
Re bend Lab
No fracture Site Lab
test Staff
 Quality Assurance Plan of Concrete M50/20 in BBDMP
Spec.limit
No. of Spec./code Conduct Conduct Rema
Item Material Tests Requiremen Qty. Test Frequency Equipment
test Reference ed at ed by rks
t
> 225 m2/kg; < each lot/Every 200 t
Fineness
10 % and part of it IS 4031 Part 2
each lot/Every 200 t
Setting time >125T Vicat Apparatus Lab Lab Staff
and part of it IS 4031
or
Cement IS 8112:1989 each lot/Every 200 t Part - 5
Consistency every
& IS 12269- and part of it
lot
1987 Cement mortar mould,
Comp. each lot/Every 200 t IS 4031
Tamping Rod, Trowel, Lab Lab Staff
Strength and part of it Part - 6
Crushing machine
As required/Every 100 t NS 305-2020
Gradation As Specified Sieves , balnance, trays Lab Lab Staff
and part of it or IS 460
Sand
Clay/Mica As required/At least IS 2386 Balance,sieve,measuring
<3.0 % Lab Lab Staff
content once every source Part-2 cylinder
A(5.1) As required/Every 250 t Every NS 305-2020
Gradation As Specified Sieves , balnance, trays Lab Lab Staff
Precast or part of it Week or IS 460
Concret ACV mould,Balance,
IS 2386
ACV <30 % As required/Every 500 t 2.36mm sieve, Crushing Lab Lab Staff
e Part-4
51555. machine
Segmen Flkiness/Elong 6 m3 As required/200 m3 & IS 2386 Thickness and Length
tal lining <40 % Lab Lab Staff
ation Indices each new source Part-1 gauge, Balance
work Aggregat Sodium
e Sulphate As required/At least Sodium Sulphate,
<15 % 8 ASTM C88 Lab Lab Staff
Soundness one for each source Oven,Balance
(SSS)
As required/At least BRE Digest
Shrainkage <0.065% 4 Out st
one for each source 35
ACV mould,Balance,
Every IS 2386
10% fine value >50KN. As required/Every 500 t 2.36mm sieve, Crushing Lab Lab Staff
Week Part-4
machine
Out st
water Quality As Specified As required

two samples of each IS-516 Parts Cement concrete cube

Compressive M50 at 28
Concreti pouring or each 50 1011 1,3 and 4, IS moulds, Crushing Lab Lab Staff
Strength day's
ng cu.m. / As Required 1199 machine
Slump test (25-75)mm Each 5om3 IS 1199 Slump Cone, Scale etc Field Lab Staff
 List of Laboratory Equipment
All equipment necessary for testing of materials and workmanship shall be deemed to
form part of the permanent works unless otherwise provide in the contract.
SN DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT QTY
A GENERAL
1 Weigh balance
i) 5 – 20 kg Capacity electronic type accuracy 1 gm 1 No
ii) 500 gm capacity electronic type accuracy 0.01 gm 1 No
iii) 5 Kg capacity electronic type accuracy 0.05 gm 1 No
iv) Platform Balance scale- 300 Kg capacity 1 No
v) Chemical Balance 100 gm capacity Accuracy 0.001 gm 1 No
2 Oven – Electrically operated, thermostatically controlled, (including thermometer) stainless steel interior range up to 200° C sensitivity 1 °C 1 No
3 i) Set of IS sieves as per IS 462 with lid and pan: 450 mm. diameter; 63mm, 53mm, 37.5mm, 26,5mm, 13.2mrn, 9.5 mm 6.7mm and 4.75mm size 1 set
ii) Set of IS sieves as per IS 462 with lid and pan: 200 mm diameter ( Brass frame and steel / or brass wire cloth mesh) : 2.36mrn, 2.0mm, 2 set
1.18mm, 600micron, 425micron, 300micron, 150micron, and 75micron
4 Sieve shaker capable of asking 200 mm and 450 mm dia. sieves electrically operated with time switch 1 No
5 200 ton compression testing machine 1 No
6 Stop watch 1/5 sec , accuracy 1 No
7 Glassware comprising beakers, pipettes, dishes, measuring cylinders ( 100 to 1000 cc capacity) glass rods and funnels, glass thermometers range 2 No
00 to 1000C and metallic thermometers range up to 3000C each
8 Hot plate 200 mm dia. ( 1500 watt) 1 No
9 Enamel Trays
a) 600 mm X 450 mm X 50 mm 2 Nos.
b) 450 mm X 300 mm X 40 mm 2 Nos.
c) 300 mm X 250 mm X 40 mm 2 Nos.
d) Circular plates of 250 mm dia. 2 Nos.
B FOR SOILS
1 Liquid limit device with ASTM grooving tools as per IS 2720 1
2 Sampling pipettes fitted with pressure and suction inlets, 10 ml capacity 1 set
3 Compaction apparatus ( Proctor ) as per IS 2720 ( part 7) complete with collar, 1 Set
base plate and hammer with all other accessories
4 Modified AASHTO Compaction apparatus as per IS 2720 ( part 8)or heavy compaction , complete with collar, base plate and hammer with 1 set
all other accessories
5 Sand pouring cylinder with conical funnel and tap and complete as per IS 2720 part 28 including modern equipment 2 Sets
6 Ennore Standard sand As Reqd.
7 Sampling tins with lids 100 mm dia. X 75 mm ht ½ Kg capacity and 4 No
miscellaneous items like moisture tins 50 grams etc.
 List of Laboratory Equipment
SN DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT QTY
8 Lab CBR equipment for conduction CBR testing, load frame with 5 ton capacity, electrically operated with speed control as per IS 2720 part 16 1 set

9 Standard Penetration test equipment 1 No

10 Speedy moisture meter complete with chemicals 1 No
11 Unconfined Compression Test Apparatus 1 Set
C FOR BITUMEN AND BITUMEN MIXES
1 Constant temperature bath for accommodating bitumen test specimen, electrically operated, and thermostatically controlled ( to accommodate 1 No
minimum six specimens)
2 Penetrometer automatic type, including adjustable weight arrangement and needles as per IS 1203 1 set
3 Soxhlet extraction or centrifuge type apparatus complete with extraction thimbles with solvent and filter paper 1 set
4 Bitumen laboratory mixer including required accessories ( 20 litres) 1 set
5 Marshall compaction apparatus, automatically operated as per ASTM 1559-62 T complete with accessories ( with 180 N Marshall Moulds) 1 set
6 Viscometer set (for Absolute and Kinematic viscosity of Bitumen, Emulsion, etc.). 1 set
7 Ductility meter 1 set
8 Softening point ( Ring and Ball) apparatus 1 set
9 Riffle box 1 No
10 Automatic Asphalt content meter 1 No
11 Thin film oven test apparatus for modified binder either with PMB or CRMB 1 No
12 Sand equivalent test apparatus 1 set
13 Core cutting machine suitable for 150 mm dia core 1 set
14 Thermometer 4 Nos
D FOR CEMENT, CEMENT CONCRETE AND MATERIALS
1 Water still 1 No
2 Vicat needle apparatus for setting time with plungers as per IS 269 1 set
3 Mould : 150 mm cube, 100 mm cube, 70.6 mm cube and 150 mm dia. 30 mm ht cylinder As required
4 Concrete permeability apparatus 1 set
5 High frequency mortar cube vibrator for cement testing 1 No
6 Concrete mixture power driven 1 cu. Ft capacity 1 No
7 Variable frequency and amplitude vibrating table size 1m X 1 m 1 No
8 Flakiness index test apparatus 1 set
9 Aggregate impact test apparatus as per IS 2386 part 4 1 set
10 Los Angeles abrasion test apparatus as per IS 2386 part 4 1 set
11 Slump test apparatus 1 set
12 Specific gravity test apparatus for fine and coarse aggregates as per IS : 2386 part 3 1 set
13 Compression and flexure strength testing machine 200 T capacity with additional dial for flexural testing 1 set
14 Compression and flexure strength testing machine 50 T capacity f o r c e m e n t t e s t 1 set
15 Core cutting machine with 10 cm diamond cutting edge 1 set
16 Needle vibrator 2 Nos
17 Soundness testing apparatus for cement ( Lee chattlier) 1 set
 Destructive Test Destructive Test
Material Test Name Code Material Test Name Code
Cement Consistency IS 4031-5 Steel (Rod) Ultimate & Yield NS 84/NS191
Strength
Setting Time IS 4031-5
Elongation
Soundness IS 4031-2
Bend & Rebend Test
Fineness IS 4031-2
Soil Sp. Gr. IS 2720-II
Compressive Strength IS 4031-6 Moisture Content IS 2720-II
Aggregates Sieve Analysis IS 2386-1 Plastic/Liquid Limit IS 2720-V
Flakiness Index IS 2386-1 Triaxial Test IS 2720-XI,XII
Elongation Index IS 2386-1 Unconfined IS 2720-X
Compressive
Sp. Gr. IS 2386-3
Direct Shear Test IS 2720-XIII
Water Absorption IS 2386-3
Vane Shear Test IS 2720-30
Density, Void & Bulking IS 2386-
117 CBR IS 2720-16
Aggregate Crushing Value IS 2386-4 Concrete Slump Test IS 1199
Aggregate Impact Value IS 2386-4 Compressive Strength IS 516
Ten % Fine Value IS 2386-4 Tensile Test IS 516
Los Angeles Abrasion Test IS 2386-4 Flexural Test IS 516
Clay, Mica content IS 2386-6 Core Cutter Test IS 516
 Destructive Test
Material Test Name Code
Bitumen Flash & Fire Point IS 1448-69/ NS 237:2049-VII
Ductility IS 1208/NS 221:2046-I
Viscosity (Absolute & IS 1206-2/NS237:2050-VIII
Kinematic)
Softening Point IS 1205
Solubility in IS 1216/NS221:2047
Trichloroethylene
Viscosity Ratio IS 1206-II/NS221:2046
Penetration Test IS 1203/NS 221:2047
Water Water Test IS 3025-18
Road CBR Test
Pavement Core Drilling
 Non- Destructive Test
Non-destructive Test
Material Test Name Code
Steel (Rod) from concrete Pull out test IS 2720-1
Concrete, Rock Rebound hammer test IS 13311-1
Concrete, steel (crack) Ultrasonic pulse velocity IS 13311-1
RCC Cover & Rebar Scanner BS 1881-205
Structure Laser Plumb Line & Level BS 1881-205
Structure Laser Tape BS 1881-205
Project Construction Site (BBDMP)
(Project site: 28km North from Kohalpur,
Surkhet District, Province No. 6)

TBM
Platform

Employer’s
Camp
弃土场
Segment
Contractor’s Plant
Camp
Dumping
Site
Crushing Quarry
Plant Site
 TBM Platform, Employer’s Camp & Contractor’s Camp
(28o21’30”N,81o43’10”E)

TBM Segment Plant, Lab & Labor Quarter

Platform

Employer’s
Camp
Contractor’s
Camp
Office & Quarter (Client-Consultant-Contractor) Environment
Safety Measures
 Documentation of Special events

Intake of RJKIP,Chisapani, Karnali with June18, 2013 Flood

Documentation of Special events

Big Boulder on Excavation

Documentation of Special events

58
View of 16m Cutting
 Hierarchy of Failures
I. Insufficient Supervision (Quality Control) in Construction
II. Insufficient Detailing in Drawings & Construction
III. Inadequate Structural Design

Design

Detailings

Supervision

Failure of Structures not only due to Earthquake (EQ) and mostly

EQ related deaths are due to Improper Supervision, Detailing
and Structural Design
Quality Control of RCC
 1.Cement tests carried out in the Lab

Fineness of cement by
Sp. Gr. Test of Cement Setting Time Testing Consistency Test
Blaine Permeability Test

Curing of Cement
Mortar Preparation mortar cube
Expansion Test Cement Mortar Test
 28 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OPC43
(STRENGTH VS PRODUCTION TIME PERIOD)

64.21
62.20
70

52.17
60

47.49
45.81
Old (>3month)

43.47
Strength, N/mm2

50
43

34.78
40 Fresh (1 Week)
28.42

28.42
30
Normal (5 Week)
20

10

0
Reqd.43 Prism 43 Jaypee 43 ACC 43
Cement Brand
 2.Aggregates
Combined (0-40)mm
➢Gradings 100
90

percentage passing(%)
➢Single vs Crushers 80
70
60 upper limit
➢Clay content in FA 50
40
lower limit
30 actual curve
20
10
0
0.15 0.6 2.36 5 10 20 37.5 50
si eve si ze(mm)

63
Crushing & Screening Plant (BBDMP)

Jaw Crusher
Impact Cone
Crusher Crusher
Shape of Aggregates produced from
Different Crusher Plant

Production with
Jaw crusher
only

Production with
Jaw, Cone &
Impact crusher
(BBDMP)
 Comparison of Aggregate Properties in
different Projects
Limiting Value

273.3
300

259.1
Sikta I.P.
250
RJK I.P.

200 BBDMP

137.8
Value

150

100
50

40
40
50
35

23.4
23.1

20.2
16.7
16.6

15.7

15.2

7.0
5.8
0
Agg.Crushing Ten % Fine Value Flakiness Index Elongation Index
Value (%) (KN) (%) (%)

Aggregate Properties
Sampling of Steel Bar (Fe 500D) before unloading at site
for the Test on the same day
 Tensile Strength of Steel bar(Rhino 500D)
800
Reqd. Yld. Strength Yld. Strength Reqd. Ult. Strength Ult. Strength

700
Tensile Strength (MPa)

600

500
Fail
400 Slip Slip Slip
Slip Slip
300 Slip

Compliance: As per clause 9.5 of IS 1786:2008;

200
Should any one of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the tests, two further
sample shall be selected for testing in respect of each failure. Should test pieces from
100 both these additional sample pass, deemed to comply with the requirements, otherwise
the samples shall be considered as not complied.
0
90
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0

220
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210

230
Test No.
 Strength of Sagarmatha OPC vs Shivam OPC
Sagarmatha 3 day Sagarmatha 7 day Sagarmatha 28 day
Shivam 3 day Shivam 7 day Shivam 28 day
Reqd. Strength 3 day Reqd. Strength 7 day Reqd. Strength 28 day
80

70
Comp. Strength (MPa)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Test No.
 Schematic Diagram of
Concrete Batching Plant
Batching Plant, SIP, Banke

71
 Batching Plant,
Aggregates stored
BBDMP(50,m3/hr)
under Shade
 Compressive Strength of Precast Segment
80
(M50)
7 day 28 day Design 28 day Strength Poly. (7 day) Poly. (28 day)
75

70
Comp. Strength (MPa)

65

60

55

50

45
Average 7day=53.52MPa; Average 28day=67.66MPa
40
Concrete Mix Ratio (W/C:C:FA:CA:Adm.)
SIP -0.370:1:1.54:2.74:1% Sika170N (Agg. 40 down)
35 RJKIP -0.400:1:1.48:2.89:5%Silica+0.25% Hyper (Agg. 40 down)
BBDMP-0.325:1:1.853:2.281:0.5% Sika 20HE (Agg. 20 down)
30
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Concrete Sample Id.
 Cycle of Pre-cast Segment Production
from 28 no. Mould (4Segment/ring of 1.4m wide)
 Cumulative Segment Production, Consumption & Balance

-Av.Tunnel Progress =28.65m

-4 ring/1.4mwide
-Segment reqd./day=82no.

14000

12127

12127

12127

12127
12055
Segment Production Started : 3 Aug 2017

11959
11847
12000

11131
Segment Production End : 12 Jan 2019

11101

10913
10365
Tunnel Excavation Started : 15 Oct 2017

10040
Breakthrough Ceremony : 16 Apr 2019

9424
10000

9283
8612
8443

7922
Length (m)

7489
8000

7256
6773

6193
Cumulative Segment Production
5963

6000 Cumulative Segment Consumption 5267

5082

4733

Segment Balance
4222

3858
3487

4000
2857
2842

2206
2197

1817

1807
1753
1711
1654

1506

1502
1365
1311

2000
1296
1282

1230
1224

1215
1187
1131
1125
1113

1101
1096

996
447
447

343

168

72
27
27

11
0

0
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
2017 2018
Date 2019
 Daily Tunnel Excavation by TBM
(15 Oct 2017 to 16 Apr 2019)
Ch. 0+150.7 of Ch. 12+206.2
Breakthrough on Apr 16, 2019
70
TBM Excavation Stoppages Best day : 61.77m (2 Aug 2018)
1. 19Oct-29Oct,17: For TBM trial test and lack of segment accessories
2. 19May-8Jun,18: Tunnel Crown Grouting
Average/working day : 28.65m
3. 8Jul -13Jul,18: TBM maintenance before Bheri Thrust zone location Average/day : 23.52m
60
4. 30Aug- 7Sep,18: California Switch installation at Ch.6+500 Average Monthly : 709m
5. 11Sep-14Sep,18: Rotary Dumper repair Best Week : 324.53m (2018 Aug 2-Aug 8)
6. 16Oct-22Oct,18: TBM Stuck at Ch.8+588 Best Month : 1062.67m (Aug, 2018)
50 7. 7Nov- 9Nov,18: Tihar Festival
8. 3Nov-18Nov,18: Rotary Dumper repair
9. 4Apr-15Apr,19: Preparation for breakthrough

40
Length (m)

30
Av./day=23.52m

20

10

11 15
12 13 14 16 17 18 19
0
2-Sep-18
18-Feb-18

15-Apr-18

22-Jul-18

17-Feb-19
15-Oct-17
29-Oct-17

10-Jun-18
24-Jun-18
12-Nov-17
26-Nov-17

7-Jan-18

29-Apr-18

14-Oct-18
28-Oct-18
16-Sep-18
30-Sep-18

11-Nov-18
25-Nov-18
9-Dec-18
23-Dec-18
6-Jan-19

14-Apr-19
10-Dec-17
24-Dec-17

21-Jan-18

4-Mar-18

13-May-18
27-May-18

20-Jan-19

3-Mar-19
18-Mar-18

17-Mar-19
31-Mar-19
4-Feb-18

1-Apr-18

8-Jul-18

5-Aug-18

3-Feb-19
19-Aug-18

Date
 Tunnel Length Excavation by TBM (m)

2000
4000
6000
8000

0
10000
12000
14000
15-Oct 162
5-Nov 402
493

2017
Dec 904
1246
Jan 1407
1862
Feb 1909
2356
Mar 2412
3008
Apr 2914
4009
Target (m)

Progress(m)

May 3417
4884
Jun 3919
5417

2018
Jul 4422
6344
Aug 4924
7407
Sep 5427
8073
Oct 5929
8763
Nov 6432

Month/Year
9434
Dec 6934
10191
Jan 7437
11063
Feb 7939
11282
Mar 8442
12110
Apr 8944
12206
including DBM 16 Apr 2019

May 9447

Jun 9949
2019

Jul 10452

Aug 10954

Sep 11457
Cumulative Progress of Target & Tunnel Length

Oct 11959

12-Nov 12208
 Tolerance of Tunnel Segment Steel Formwork & Segment

1.Tolerance of Tunnel Segment Steel

Formwork: ± 0.1mm 2.Tolerance of Tunnel Segment Concrete
Width ±1mm, Length ± 3mm,
Thickness +3mm

3.Tolerance of Tunnel Segment Test Ring

+3mm/4.2m dia.
(3 times in project period)
4.Gap between Segment:+0.5mm
 Segment Stacking
(Total 34550)

Tolerance of 1400mm Segment width is 1mm and 3mm for other dimension
Formworks
Formwork anchoring with Pickon & Form-Tight
Special formworks
CONCRETE QUALITY OF RC STRUCTURES
Durability & Quality of Small Element
 Importance of Curing
Curing Effect of M20 Concrete
(Cement 350kg/m3)
45.00
7 day 28 day
40.00
Comp. Strength (N/mm2)

36.44
35.00

30.00 29.04
25.63 Lab Curing
25.00 22.88 23.49

20.00 19.13

15.00

10.00 Site Curing

5.00

0.00
Lab Curing Site Curing Without Curing
Curing Condition Without Curing
Curing
Precast Concrete is always better than Cast in Situ
Precast Beam(SIP)

Precast Segment (BBDMP)

88
 7d/28d Strength Ratio
(Based on Thousandth tested cubes)
90
85
79.10 80.00
80
76.35
Ratio in %age

75.70
75 71.96
70
65
60
55
50
M15 M20 M25 M40 M50
Concrete Grade
 Compliance of Strength as per IS 456:2000
(Amendment no. 4 - 2013 May)
Individual Mean of the Group of 4 Non-
Specified % age of
Cube Sample Test Overlapping
Grade cube pass
Results in Consecutive Test Results in N/mm2
>30 Cube shall ≥ (fck-3) ≥ fck + 0.825 X established Std. Dev. or
(with own STD) be pass N/mm2 (fck + 3) N/mm2 whichever is greater
more than
≤30 (Table 8 M 15 or 95% of ≥ (fck-2) ≥ fck + 0.825 X Std. Dev. (established or Table 8)
Std) above total cubes N/mm2 or (fck + 4) N/mm2 whichever is greater

1 Sample only ≥ (fck-2)

(fck + 4) N/mm2
(3 cube) N/mm2

Table 8 Assumed Standard Deviation

(Clause 9.2.4.2 and Table 11)

Grade of concrete Assumed Std.

Dev.(Mpa)
M15 3.5
M20,M25 4.0
M30,M35,M40,M45 5.0
,M50,M55,M60

If above condition is not satisfied, Engineer will decide based on the non-
structural and structural concrete with reqd. improvement or core test
Compound Wall
Modern concept of Compound wall
 Non- Destructive Test
Schimdt Hammer &
Pulse velocity Measurement (Ultrasound Test)

Used for strength & crack detection

Non-Technical works
Recent Construction of Buildings)
(Unawareness about design & quality control ?)

All Pillar 9”x9”, Koteswor, Kathmandu

 Damaged building of Shobhabhagawati, Kathmandu
due to lack of Structural design & Construction Quality
(all columns are of 9”x12” only & Shutter fixed with breakdown of pillar & welding)
Special Designed Buildings
Worship the Professional Design
& Construction Quality

Constructed on
BS 2024 BS 2061
 Special Structures

Bird Nest Stadium, China

Intersection of Road,
Twisted Hoover Dam
Dallas
Tower, Dubai
 Review
• Quality Assurance (QA)
– Management Tool (before construction activity)
• Quality Control
– Controlling Tool (Under construction)
• QAP
– Work Schedule (weekly, monthly, yearly) in detail
– Job Description of each human resources
– General Working Methodology for all items
– Working Methodology for major item
– Quality Assurance of Plan of Each item in Table form
– Security Management
• Reporting
– QAP
– Tolerance & Testing
– QC
– ……
• Introduction to Batching Plant
• Calibration
• Tolerance Example of BBDMP
• Formworks
• Curing
 शैक्षिक स्िर बबगानुम अर्ामि ् ववद्यार्ीको जीवन बबगानुम
अर्ामि ् दे श बबगानुम हो l

दक्षिण अफ्रिकाको एउटा ववश्वववद्यालयको प्रवेशद्वारर्ा यस प्रकारको सच

ू ना सबैको
ध्यानाकर्मणका लागग टााँस गररएको रहे छ l

कुनैपनन र्ुलुकलाई ध्वस्ि पानम कुनै आणववक अस्र वा लार्ो दरु ीसम्र् प्रहार गने
िेप्याष्रको प्रयोग गनुम आवश्यक छै न, यसका लागग त्यो र्ुलुकको शैक्षिक स्िर ध्वस्ि
पाररददए र्ारै पयामप्ि छ र ववद्यार्ीहरुलाई परीिार्ा गचि चोनम ददए प्ु छ, िाफ्रक
- त्यस्िा डाक्टरका हािबाट बबरार्ीहरु र्नेछन ्...,
- त्यस्ता इन्जिनियरबाट निर्मित भविहरु ध्वस्त हुिेछि ्...,
- त्यस्िा अर्मववद्का हािबाट पैसा हराउनेछ...,
- त्यस्िा धामर्मक अमियतिाका हािबाट र्ानविा र्नेछ...,
- त्यस्िा तयायागधशको हािबाट तयाय हराउनेछ...

“त्यसैले मशिा ध्वस्ि हुनु नै र्ल

ु क
ु ध्वस्ि हुनु हो l”
Thank You for Kind ATTENTION