UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

WESTERN AND EASTERN THOUGHT OF SELF

❖ Western Self
★ Focus on oneself and personal needs.
★ Tend to be more egoistic or individualists.
★ Mas priority mo ang desire at goals mo.
★ You can stand alone.
★ Independent person.
★ Liberated– walang pakialam sa iisipin ng ibang tao.

❖ Eastern Self
★ Focus on others and their feelings.
★ Tend to be more collectivists.
★ You love being in a group.
★ Gusto mo may kasama.
★ Dependent person.

Western Self (Individualist) Eastern Self (Collectivist)

People are independent from their Interdependent with their in-groups.

in-groups.

Give priority to the personal goals of Give priority to the goals of their
their in-groups. in-groups.

Behave on the basis of attitudes rather In-groups primarily shape their

than norms. behavior.

Behave in a communal way.

Concerned in maintaining relationships

with others.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

PHYSICAL SELF

❖ Physical Self
★ It refers to the body which we interface with our environment and
fellow beings.
★ Body, attributes, appearance.

❖ William James
★ He considered the body as the initial source of sensation and
necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality.
★ It is an element of spiritual hygiene of supreme significance.
★ Example: pain tolerance; A police officer trained to have a strong body
physique.
★ No physical body, no sensation.
★ Nagiging strong ‘yung body physique.
★ Somatic– voluntary; walking, running, etc.
★ Sympathetic– fight-and-flight response; adrenaline, norepinephrine.

❖ Sigmund Freud
★ In Psychoanalytic School, construction of self and personality makes
the physical body the core of the human experience.
★ No human body, no experiences, no personality.

❖ Wilhelm Reich
★ He is the founder of Somatic Psychology (Body Psychology).
★ He argued that mind and body are one.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

★ “When we inhibit impulses or energies, we feel tension” which

may lead to malfunctions physically and mentally in the future.
★ Muscular Armor– it protects yourself against the pain of not
releasing the energy you need to release.
★ Example: Parental teaching stopping the natural flow of energy.
★ Soma– it means body.

❖ Erik Erikson
★ According to him, the role of bodily organs is especially important in
early developmental stages of a person’s life.
★ Later in life, the development of physical as well as intellectual skills
help determine whether the individual will achieve a sense of
competence or superiority.
★ Example: a child gets their confidence when they’re bigger, stronger,
faster, and more capable of learning complex skills.
★ School age ang important stage.
★ Body physique– does not apply all the time.

❖ Carl Jung
★ He argued that the physical body and the external world can be
known only as psychological experiences.
★ Hindi raw ganon ka-importante ang physical body.
★ There are different types of archetypes.
★ Walang kinalaman ang archetypes sa experiences mo.
★ Ito ‘yung nagmo-mold sa personality mo.
★ Experienced na walang contribute sa personality.

❖ Self-Esteem
★ As our physical body dictates how we act in front of other people, it
also defines how we will manage our self-esteem.
★ Most of the time, self-esteem is defined by what physical attributes a
person has.
★ Lifetime partner: least ang physical attributes sa pagpili.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Types of Self-Esteem:

1. Inflated Self-Esteem
★ These people hold high regard for themselves to the point of
underestimating other people.
★ Mataas ang tingin sa sarili.
★ They cause harm to other people.
★ They degrade and discriminate against other people.
★ Gagawin ang lahat kahit nakakasakit na.
★ Ayaw niya na may nakaka-angat sa kanya.

2. High Self-Esteem
★ A positive self-esteem which makes a person satisfied with himself.
★ Mga gusto natin na meron tayo.
★ Established na dapat ang self-identity mo.
★ Hindi mo na kailangan na purihin ka pa ng ibang tao.
★ Enough ka na.
★ Magaling ka na.
★ They don’t discriminate or degrade other people.
★ Enough na ‘yung sarili mo para sa’yo.
★ Healthy competition.
★ Umaangat lahat nang sabay-sabay ‘yung tinutulungan nila.

3. Low Self-Esteem
★ This kind of person does not value and trust themselves.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

SEXUAL SELF

BASICS OF SEXUAL SELF

❖ Androgens
➢ These are male sex hormones which produces secondary sex
characteristics like growth of bodily hair and change in voice.
➢ It is secreted by the testes at the time of puberty.

❖ Estrogen
➢ These are hormones which are secreted by ovaries which are
concerned in female secondary sexual characteristics such as changes
in physical appearance.

❖ Progesterone/s
➢ These are secreted by corpus luteum in ovaries are concerned in
menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Ovaries
★ After menstruation, magkaka egg cell na ulit.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Primordial Follicle
★ Magsisimula after menstruation.
★ Maliit pa lang siya.

Primary Follicle
★ Kapag malaki na ‘yung egg cell.

Follicle
★ Ito na ‘yung egg cell na nagmamature.

Mature Follicle
★ Mapupunit ‘yung collicle kasi lalabas ang egg cell.

Fallopian Tube
★ Dito dadaan ‘yung ruptured follicle.

Early Corpus Luteum

★ Made-decacy dito ‘yung egg cell.

Corpus Luteum
★ It will release progesterone.
★ Siya may dahilan kapag want natin mag-engage sa sexual activity.
★ Nagiging sensitive.

Progesterone
★ Nagsi-signal sa body natin na we are fertile.
★ You will crave for sexual activity.

Corpus Albicans
★ Kapag na-decay na ang egg cell.

Ovaries
★ Salitan ang labasan nila every month; right this month, next month ay left
naman.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Egg Cell
★ Females release one egg cell every month.
★ 2 egg cells- fraternal or identical twins.
★ 2 egg cells pero magkadikit- identical twins; monozygotic egg cells; one
sperm cell lang ang kailangan.
★ 2 egg cells na magkahiwalay- 2 sperm cells ang need; 2 genes at gender
ang binibigay. Fraternal Twins– sabay ipapanganak pero magkaiba ng
gender at itsura; pwede rin na same gender
★ Gender- naka-depende sa sperm cells ang gender.
★ X chromosomes or female chromosomes ang binibigay ng egg cell.
★ Depende sa lalaki kung x or y ang ibibigay niya.
★ xx- female; xy- male

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

3 Stages of Pregnancies:
1. Zygotic Stage
2. Embryonic Stage
3. Fetal Stage

Masturbation
★ Importante ang stimulation sa sexual activity.
★ Pagsasalsal is the tagalog term.
★ Pagjajakol- galing sa word na “ejaculation”.

Ejaculation
★ “nagjakol”.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

❖ Testis/Testes
➢ It is the source of spermatozoa which makes it the most important part
of male reproductive system.
➢ Itlog/bayag.
➢ Kapag naapektuhan/nasipa, may chance na hindi na
makapag-produce.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

➢ It stores the sperm cells.

❖ Scrotum
➢ A sac of skin where the two testes are enveloped.

❖ Prostate Glands
➢ A gland that carries seminal fluid and urine, connected by sperm ducts
from sperm ducts joining into a single tube called urethra.
➢ Seminal Fluid– tamod or sperm cells.
➢ Vasectomy– pinuputol ang vas deferens na connected sa testes;
hindi na sila makakabuntis.

❖ Urethra
➢ It then leads the seminal fluid and urine to the outside of the body
through penis.
➢ Mas mahaba sa lalaki kaya mahaba ang process.

❖ Penis
➢ It is where the ejaculation occurs by sending sperm cells from testes
and secreting them out.

❖ Prepuce
➢ An erogenous tissue which is very sensitive and induces arousal which
functions the same as the clitoris in females.
➢ Sa may bandang ulo ng penis.

❖ Sperm Cell
➢ A male gamete which is necessary for the egg to be fertilized and
become a zygote (approximately 300M sperm cells are secreted per
ejaculation).

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

❖ Ovary
➢ A pair of small, oval organs which produces ova (ovum; female
gametes or germ cells; egg cells).

❖ Fallopian Tube
➢ A pair of thin tubes that leads ova from ovaries to uterus where
fertilization takes place.

❖ Fimbria
➢ A fingerlike projection at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary
that sweeps the ova into the fallopian tube.

❖ Uterus
➢ Or womb in layman’s terms.
➢ It is a hollow pear-shaped elastic muscular structure where the zygote
will develop into a fetus for months.

❖ Endometrium
➢ Innermost lining in the uterus where the zygote will be implanted after
fertilization.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

➢ It is also concerned with menstruation.

❖ Cervix
➢ It allows flow of menstrual blood from the uterus into the vagina, and
directs the sperms into the uterus during intercourse.

❖ Vagina
➢ A tube leading to outside of the body through an opening called
vulva.

❖ Labia Majora
➢ These are relatively large, fleshy folds of tissue that enclose and
protect the other external genital organs.
➢ Malaking lip ng vagina.

❖ Labia Minora
➢ It can be very small or up to 2 inches wide and lies just inside the labia
majora and surrounds the opening to the vagina and urethra.
➢ Nasa taas nito ‘yung clitoris.

❖ Bartholin’s Gland
➢ Secrete a thick fluid that supplies lubrication for intercourse.
➢ Important sa foreplay or arousal phase.

❖ Cllitoris
➢ Very sensitive to sexual stimulation and can become erect.
➢ Stimulating the clitoris can result in an orgasm.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SEXUAL EXCITEMENT

❖ Erogenous Zone
➢ These are parts of the body that are particularly sensitive to touch,
pressure, and vibration which contributes to sexual arousal and brings
sexual satisfaction.

Some of the “hot spots” or erogenous zones in our body are:

1. Sex organs: vagina, penis, scrotum, clitoris
2. Mouth: lips

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

3. Neck
4. Breasts: nipples
5. Ears

Phases of Sexual Response

1. Arousal Phase
★ There is a subjective sense of sexual pleasure.
★ Penis of males erect (tumescence) while vagina of females begin to
lubricate (vasocongestion).
★ Important stage.
★ No arousal, no vasocongestion.
★ No arousal, it will be very very painful sa female.
★ No arousal, no satisfaction.

2. Plateau Phase
★ A brief period of time before the orgasm as the body prepares for
orgasm.
★ May penetration na sa loob ng penis at vagina.

3. Orgasm Phase
★ Refers to the climax in layman’s terman.
★ An intense and pleasurable experience, male ejaculates the seminal
fluid while both male and female heart rate reach the maximum.
★ Hindi lahat ng babae ay may kakayahan na mag “squirting”.

4. Resolution
★ The last phase where arousal decreases and muscles start to relax,
breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate go back to normal.

Refractory Period
★ Time period in males just after orgasm in which the male cannot become
aroused or achieve erection.
★ Hindi agad titigas or something and there are times na wala neto.

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SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS
★ Transcends in different forms.
★ Influenced by different expectations, attitudes, beliefs, and state of medical
and biological knowledge.
★ We have 46 sexual orientations.

Different Forms of Sexual Orientations:

1. Heterosexuality
★ A sexual attraction and behavior directed to opposite sex.
★ Straight males/females.

2. Homosexuality
★ A sexual attraction between members of same sex.

3. Bisexuality
★ Sexual attraction to either same sex or opposite sex.

4. Transgender
★ People whose gender identity differs from the sex they have at birth.
★ They change their physical appearance.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Types of Transgender:

a. Transition
★ A process of changing a birth-assigned sex to the opposite through
sex reassignment therapy including hormone replacement
therapy and gender reassignment surgery.

Hormone Replacement
★ Androgens and testosterone- kapag gusto maging lalaki.
★ Estrogen- ito ‘yung ita-take na supplements kapag gusto maging babae.

b. Transexual
★ A person who undergone gender reassignment surgery.

c. Transvestites
★ A person who dresses in style associated with the opposite sex.
★ Cross-dressing according to their opposite sex.

CONTRACEPTION

Importance of Contraception:
1. To control the inflation of the population in PH.
2. To lessen the threat of having sexually transmitted diseases such as
gonorrhea and syphilis.
3. To lessen the threat of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Natural Contraception
★ These are types of birth control that depend on observations on a woman's
body through monitoring and recording different fertility signals during her
menstrual cycle.
★ Walang ibang gagawin sa babae.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

METHOD RATE OF FAILURE DESCRIPTION

Abstinence 0% ★ Most effective way of birth

control.
★ Done thru abstaining from sexual
intercourse.
★ It is also the most effective way
to avoid STDs.
★ Hindi ka totally mabubuntis kasi
hindi ka makikipag-sex.

Calendar Method 25% ★ Also known as Rhythm Method.

★ It involves avoiding coitus during
the days that the woman is
fertile.
★ Minamarkahan sa calendar.
★ Namomonitor ‘yung regular
menstruation.

Basal Body 9 to 25% ★ It is the woman’s body

Temperature (BBT) temperature at rest.
★ Done by monitoring the changes
in the woman’s temperature in
the morning before any activity
because a slight increase or
decrease in a woman's body can
be a sign of ovulation (36.4℃ to
37℃).
★ Kapag fertile, nag-i-increase
‘yung body temperature or
parang lalagnatin.
★ Ang init init ng feeling kahit hindi
naman.
★ Ginagawa early in the morning
bago ka kumilos.

Cervical Mucus Method 25% ★ The basis is the changes in

cervical mucus during the
ovulation.
★ When the mucus is profuse and
watery, avoid having a coitus.
★ White mens ang tinitingnan.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

★ Powdery– hindi nagsti-stick or

hindi watery kaya safe
makipag-sex.
★ Watery or parang sipon–
fertile; not safe makipag-sex if
ayaw mabuntis.

Symptothermal 2% ★ A combination of BBT and

Method Cervical Mucus Method.

Ovulation Detection 2% ★ It is an over-the-counter kit that

requires urine specimens to
detect the Luteinizing Hormone
(LH) to predict ovulation.

Lactation Amenorrhea 2% ★ Exclusive only for breastfeeding

Method women.

➔ Hasn’t returned menstruation.

➔ Hasn’t given supplementary food
for the baby.
➔ The baby is below 6 months old.

Coitus Interruptus 75% ★ The oldest method of

contraception where the couple
proceeds with coitus but the
moment the guy ejaculates, he
withdraws before emitting
spermatozoa inside the vagina.
★ Withdrawal or pull-out method.
★ Not recommended.

Artificial Contraception
★ It is a diverse method of contraception used to prevent conception of a
woman.
★ Using artificial methods depend on age, health status, sexual activity and/or
number of partners.
★ Nagkakaroon ng alteration sa katawan ng tao.

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METHOD DESCRIPTION

Oral Contraception ★ Also known as pills.

★ It contains synthetic estrogen
and progesterone which helps to
stop ovulation.

Transdermal Patch ★ It is a patch that can be applied

on a woman’s upper arm, belly,
butt, or back then your skin will
absorb the hormones into your
body.
★ The hormones in the patch stop
ovulation.
★ Parang salonpas.

Vaginal Ring ★ It prevents pregnancy by

continuously releasing synthetic
estrogen and progesterone.
★ These hormones are absorbed
into your bloodstream.

Subdermal Implants ★ It is a two rod-like implant under

the skin of a woman placed
during or on the 7th day of her
menstruation which contains
hormones to make sure that she
won't become pregnant.
★ Ipapasok sa loob ng balat.

Hormonal Injections ★ It has almost 100% effectiveness

because the hormones that stop
the ovulation are injected.
★ It is also the most popular
contraceptive.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) ★ It is a T-shaped object inserted in

the uterus thru vagina to prevent
fertilization.
★ It releases copper which acts as
spermicide which prevents the
sperm cell reaching the egg cell.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Chemical Barriers ★ These are used as spermicides

that kill the sperm cell before it
enters the cervix.

Diaphragm ★ It is also a form of spermicide.

★ It is placed over the cervix with
spermicide before sex and left in
place for at least six hours after
sex.
★ Fitting by a healthcare provider is
generally required.

Condoms Male Condom

★ A synthetic rubber sheath that is
placed in the erect penis before
penetration to avoid the sperm
entering the vagina.

Female Condom
★ Also a synthetic rubber placed
against the vaginal opening to
prevent the sperm from entering
the vagina.

Surgical Methods Vasectomy

★ A procedure made to male
through small incisions made on
each side of the scrotum to block
the passage of sperm cells.

Tubal Ligation
★ A procedure done to females
through cutting, cauterizing, or
blocking the fallopian tube to
inhibit the passage of both
sperm and egg cells.
★ Not recommended for 25 y/o
below.
★ Wala na siyang bawian once na
naputol.
★ Banded– temporary ligation
para hindi lang maka-daan ‘yung

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

sperm cells.

MATERIAL & SPIRITUAL SELF

MATERIAL SELF
★ Mga bagay na binibigyan ng investment.
★ ‘Wag masyadong mag-rely or bigyan ng attention.
★ A short portion of our identity as a whole.

❖ William James
★ Father of American Psychology.
★ According to him, material self is also known as the economical self
in relation to the amount of money, time, or effort we spent to build
our material self.
★ Our material self does not only consists of one’s own body but also
includes the things that we possess such as:

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Spiritual Self
★ The innermost workings of the person’s mind, behavior, beliefs, and morals
that involves every aspect of the human as a person.
★ Hindi ibang tao ang magdidikta ng spiritual self mo.
★ Tayo dapat ang nagdi-discover at bumubuo.

Person’s Will
★ Refers to one’s wishes.
★ The things we want to see and achieve.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

★ Anong goal mo?

★ Anong gusto mo mangyari sa buhay mo?
★ Ito ‘yung gusto mong ma-achieve in the future.
★ Ikaw dapat ang nagde-decide.

Intelligence and Abilities

★ Things that a person has the confidence of doing.
★ Things that a person believes to have a certain level of mastery.
★ Things a person has a knowledge of.
★ Tayo lang ang nakakaalam neto.
★ It will never be too late to discover these things.
★ You have to explore to discover things for yourself.

Morals
★ A definition of what’s right or wrong.
★ Things that are acceptable to a person and society.
★ Determining the effects of one’s action to himself and other people.
★ Aware sa right or wrong.
★ It works in a collective manner.

Values
★ A person’s ability to distinguish what’s important or not.
★ Ability to prioritize things that should be done immediately and those that
can be delayed.

Practice of Religion
Religion
★ Refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers.
★ Isang organization– Catholics, Christians, etc.
★ Ano ‘yung practices nila?
★ May kanya kanyang paniniwala.

Worldview
★ It is broader than religion which refers to the collective body of ideas that
members of a culture generally share.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Spirituality
★ A concern with the sacred in an individual manner.
★ You can still have your sense of spirituality kahit wala kang religion.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY

Religion Spirituality

★ An organized system of ideas ★ Concerned with the sacred as

about spiritual reality, or the distinguished from material
supernatural, along with matters.
associated beliefs and ★ In contrast to religion,
ceremonial practices. spirituality is often individual
rather than collective and does
not require a distinctive format or
traditional organization.

MYTH, RITUAL, & SUPERNATURAL

Myth
★ A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence.
★ Where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here and
where we are going.
★ These are stories intended to provide explanations for the things that people
don’t understand.
★ Example: Greek mythology, legends, etc.

Rituals
★ A culturally prescribed symbolic art or procedure designed to guide members
of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions.
★ Has two types, the calendric which is performed occasionally (e.g. every
year) and crisis which is performed in time of crisis (e.g. when there’s a
plague).

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

★ Example:
○ When a person is dealing with an illness, evil possession, or loss of
soul.
○ Festivals.

Supernatural
★ It is around you all the time, especially in non-industrialized societies.
★ In a lot of cultures, health, wealth, and daily things are related to the
supernatural.
★ Examples: magic, miracles, precognition, demonic possession, souls, spirits
or ghosts, monsters, grim reaper, angels.

Functions of Religion

1. Cognitive Function
★ Enabling humans to explain the unexplainable phenomena.

2. Emotional Function
★ Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany
illness, accidents, death and other misfortunes.

3. Social Function
★ Social control, conflict resolution, and building group solidarity.

The Concept of “Dungan”

★ The spirit or soul (kaluluwa in Tagalogs, dungan in Ilonggos came
from the root word duwa means two) has two dimensions: human
body and spiritual.
★ Dungan is not seen by the naked eye.
★ It can be in the form of an insect or small animals/ a lizard.
★ Bisayans/Visayans believe that dungan leaves the body when the
person is asleep.
★ When the soul is reunited with the body, the person will be awake.
★ The stronger the “willpower” of a person, the stronger his dungan is.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

General Features of Harang Ritual

★ An offering ritual in Visayan fishing village where a local shaman
invokes sea-spirits.
★ There are several stages of the ritual such as follows:

DIGITAL SELF

ONLINE DISINHIBITION

❖ Digital Literacy
★ The capability possessed by oneself who are living, working, and
learning in a digital society.
★ Adopt yourself to the digital world.

❖ Online Disinhibition
★ The lack of restraint of oneself when communicating online.
★ An act of saying what you want today, doing what you want to do, and
expressing what you want to express without thinking or without
hesitations.

2 Types of Online Disinhibition:

➢ Benign Disinhibition
○ Speaking about one’s emotions, fears, and wishes.
○ Showing kindness and helping other people.
○ Combating loneliness through online interactions.
○ Finding emotional support.
○ Positive.
○ To release positive and negative emotions online.
○ You release the negative things in yourself and it will improve your
mental health.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

➢ Toxic Disinhibition
○ Using rude online language.
○ Having harsh criticism, anger, hatred, and threats to other people.
○ Cyberbullying, cyber harassment, and exploitation.
○ Humiliating other people.
○ Spreading rumors and making fun of other people.
○ Negative type.

Lessening Toxic Disinhibition (how to lessen)

1. Think before you click!
2. Do not hang with the wrong crowd online.
3. Consider your emotional state before posting.
➢ Never ever use social media when you are under extremities of
emotions.
➢ Amygdala hijack– emotional hijack; may mga bagay na hindi
napagiisipan at nasasabi natin.
➢ Think rationally before you post.
4. Consider others’ possible reactions.

Digital Self
★ The persona you use when you’re online.
★ One or more online identities that are distinct from their “real world”
selves.
★ Others have a single online self that’s more or less the same as the one
they inhibit in the real world.
★ It is also considered as an extension of your self which is referred to as your
extended self.
★ The way you portray in the digital world.
★ May iba ibang online identities depende sa social media platform na gamit
nila.
★ May iba na kung ano sila sa real word, ganun pa rin sila.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Extended Self
★ It refers to certain possessions and certain other people are seen to be a part
of us.
★ They extend our identity beyond our mind and body alone.
★ When they are damaged, die, or are lost, we feel their loss as an injury to the
self.
★ Examples: clothes, accent, grooming, and jewelry express the person which
belongs to the group.

Self-presentation
★ It refers to how people attempt to present themselves in the manner they
want to.
★ You can choose to present yourself differently across different platforms.
★ These social media platforms can be..

Types of Self-Presentation (that we portray online):

1. Self-promotion
➢ We use social media to promote ourselves.

2. Ingratiation
➢ To influence other people to like them.
➢ You like what they like, watch what they watch, follow what they
follow.

3. Exemplification
➢ Supporting your point of view.
➢ Nagiging bias ka.

4. Intimidation
➢ They present themselves in a way that they intimidate other people.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

5. Supplication
➢ They use social media to ask for something or beg for something in a
good way.

Why would people want to present themselves differently?

➢ They want to feel a sense of belongingness and freedom.
○ We need to feel accepted and validated to other people.
○ We need to feel like we belong in a certain group.
○ To boost or develop our self-esteem.

➢ They want to meet other people’s expectations to build their self-esteem.

○ Achieve other people’s expectations.

➢ It can be their ideal self.

○ Hindi mo magawa in reality kaya online mo gagawin.

2 Types of Self-Presentation:

a. Pleasing the Audience

★ Trying to match oneself to the audience’s expectations and
preferences.
○ You present yourself online because you want to please other
people.

b. Self-Construction
★ Trying to match oneself to his ideal self.
○ More on improving yourself.
○ Character and self-development.

E. Tory Higgins
★ Psychology Professor at Columbia University.
★ He is the proponent of Self Discrepancy Theory.

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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS

Multiple Domains of Self According to HIGGINS:

Actual Self
★ Attributes an individual ACTUALLY possess.

Ideal Self
★ Attributes an individual WANTS to possess such as wishes, hopes, and
aspirations which motivates an individual to change and improve.
★ Ano ‘yung gusto natin maging…?

Ought Self
★ Attributes that an individual SHOULD possess such as your duties,
obligations, and responsibilities.
★ Mga attributes na dapat meron tayo.

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