Botanical Name

Narcissus 'Trigonometry'
Plant Common Name
Trigonometry Daffodil

The flowers of a Trigonometry Daffodil are of almost geometric

precision with their repeating patterns.

Repeating patterns occur in sound, light, tides, time, and nature.

To analyse these repeating, cyclical patterns, we need to study the
cyclical functions branch of trigonometry.
Math 30-1 1
 4. Trigonometry and the Unit Circle

Coterminal
Degrees Radians
Angles

Points on the
Arc Length Unit Circle
Unit Circle

Solving Solving
Trig Ratios
Problems Equations
Math 30-1 2
 4.1A Angles and Angle Measure
Standard
Position
Degrees
Angles

Angle Conversion

Coterminal
Angles
Radians
Arc Length

Math 30-1 3
Circular Functions
Angles can be measured in:

1
Degrees: common unit used in Geometry part of a circle
360

1
Radian: common unit used in Trigonometry part of a circle
2

1
Gradient: not common unit, used in surveying
400
part of a circle

Revolutions: angular velocity radians per second

Math 30-1 4
To study circular functions, we must consider angles of rotation.

Angles in Standard Position

y
Terminal
arm

Vertex Initial arm x

Math 30-1 5
Positive or Negative Rotation Angle
y
If the terminal arm
moves counter-
A x
clockwise, angle A
is positive.
y
If the terminal side
moves clockwise,
x angle A is
A negative.

McGraw Hill DVD TeacherMath

Resources
30-1 4.1_178_IA 6
Benchmark Angles 90
120 60
Special Angles
Degrees 45
135

150 30

180 0 360

210 330

225 315

240 300
270
Math 30-1 7
Sketch each rotation angle in standard position.
State the quadrant in which the terminal arm lies.
400° - 170°

1280° -1020°

Math 30-1 8
 Coterminal Angles
McGraw Hill DVD Teacher Resources 4.1_178_IA

Coterminal angles are angles in standard position that share the

same terminal arm. They also share the same reference angle.
50°
Rotation Angle 50°
Terminal arm is in quadrant I

Positive Coterminal Angles

Counterclockwise

50° + (360°)(1) = 410°

50° + (360°)(2) = 770°

Negative Coterminal Angles 50° + (360°)(-1) = -310°

Clockwise
50° + (360°)(-2) = -670°
Math 30-1 9
Coterminal Angles in General Form

By adding or subtracting multiples of one full rotation, you

can write an infinite number of angles that are coterminal
with any given angle.

θ ± (360°)n, where n is any natural number

Why must n be a natural number?

Math 30-1 10
 Sketching Angles and Listing Coterminal Angles
Sketch the following angles in standard position. Identify all coterminal angles
within the domain -720° < θ < 720° . Express each angle in general form.

a) 1500 b) -2400 c) 5700

Positive 5100 Positive 1200 , 4800 Positive 2100

Negative -2100 , -5700 Negative -6000 Negative -1500 -5100

General Form General Form General Form

150  360n, n  N −240  360n, n  N 570  360n, n  N

Math 30-1 11
 Radian Measure: Trig and Calculus
The radian measure of an angle is the ratio of arc length of a
sector to the radius of the circle.

arc length
number of radians =
radius
a
=
r

When arc length = radius, the

angle measures one radian.

How many radians do you

think there are in one circle?

Math 30-1 12
 Radian Measure
Construct arcs on the
circle that are equal in
length to the radius.

C = 2 r
arc length = 2 (1)

One full revolution is

2 = 6.283185307...
radians

Math 30-1
http://www.geogebra.org/en/upload/files/ppsb/radian.html 13
 Radian Measure
One radian is the measure of the central angle subtended in a
circle by an arc of equal length to the radius.
a
 =  = 2 rads
s =r
r r
r 2r

O r
1 radian
r

Angle
measures
 = 1 revolution of 360
without
r
units are
Therefore, 2π rad = 3600. considered
Or, π rad = 1800. to be in
radians.
Math 30-1 14
Benchmark Angles 
1.57
2 
Special Angles 3

Radians
4

6

3.14  0 2
6.28

3
Math 30-1 4.71 15
2
 Sketching Angles and Listing Coterminal Angles
Sketch the following angles in standard position. Identify all coterminal angles
within the domain -4π < θ < 4π . Express each angle in general form.

5 4
a) b) − c) 10.47
6 3

17 2 8
Positive 6 Positive , Positive 4.19
3 3
7 19
Negative − , − Negative − 10 Negative
6 6 3 −2.1 , −8.38
General Form General Form General Form
5 4
 2 n, n  N −  2 n, n  N 10.47  2 n, n  N
6 3
Math 30-1 16
 Relationships between Degrees and Radians
𝟏
A measure of 1 degree 𝟏𝟎 is equivalent to a rotation of of a complete
𝟑𝟔𝟎
revolution about the vertex.

Since 𝟐𝝅 radians correspond to one complete revolution, degrees and radians are
related.
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝒂𝒅 and 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 = 𝝅 𝒓𝒂𝒅

These can be derived from the equations:

𝟐𝝅 radians correspond to one complete revolution, degrees and radians are related.
𝝅 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎 = 𝒓𝒂𝒅 and 𝟏𝒓𝒂𝒅 =
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝝅
 Let’s Try This!
Convert the following angles in radians to degrees and vice versa

1. 1350 3𝜋
4. 2
2. −2450
5𝜋
5. − 6
3. 3300
6.3𝜋

Math 30-1 18
19
Thank you
and
God Bless!

20