CONTENTS

HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU .............................................................................. 1

TOPIC 1: SOCIAL PROBLEMS .................................................................................... 2
Practice questions .............................................................................................................. 2
Main points ......................................................................................................................... 3
TOPIC 2: TECHNOLOGY .............................................................................................. 8
Practice questions .............................................................................................................. 8
Main points ......................................................................................................................... 9
TOPIC 3: GOVERNMENT SPENDING ...................................................................... 13
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 13
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 14
TOPIC 4: WORK ............................................................................................................ 19
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 19
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 20
TOPIC 5: EDUCATION ................................................................................................. 24
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 24
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 25
TOPIC 6: LEISURE ........................................................................................................ 29
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 29
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 30
TOPIC 7: HEALTH ........................................................................................................ 35
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 35
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 36
TOPIC 8: ART ................................................................................................................. 41
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 41
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 42
TOPIC 9: ECONOMICS ................................................................................................ 45
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 45
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 46
TOPIC 10: ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 50
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 50
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 51
TOPIC 11: LANGUAGE ................................................................................................ 55
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 55
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 56
TOPIC 12: DIFFICULT QUESTIONS ......................................................................... 58
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 58
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 59
 HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU
Trong kỳ thi IELTS Writing, việc lên ý tưởng cho các câu hỏi được đặt ra trong đề bài là
một thách thức không nhỏ đối với học sinh. Đôi khi, áp lực thời gian và yêu cầu về mặt
phát triển nội dung làm cho họ mất hứng thú và không biết bắt đầu từ đâu. Điều này có thể
dẫn đến việc viết những đoạn văn thiếu logic và không thuyết phục.Vì vậy, IELTS Xuân
Phi, với hơn 10 năm kinh nghiệm giảng dạy IELTS và thành công trong việc hướng dẫn
hàng trăm học viên đạt điểm cao (7.0, 7.5 và 8.0) trong kỹ năng Writing, đã biên soạn một
bộ tài liệu mang tên BỘ DỰ ĐOÁN SỚM CHỦ ĐỀ WRITING QUÝ I/2024 nhằm giúp
các bạn thí sinh chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi sắp tới. Tài liệu này sẽ hỗ trợ các bạn lên ý tưởng cho
gần 60 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác nhau, với các đề được chia thành 12 Topics.
Trong mỗi Topic sẽ có 02 phần, với các thông tin cụ thể như sau:
Phần 1: Practice Questions
Phần này sẽ bao gồm một danh sách từ 4 tới 7 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác nhau liên
quan tới Topic bạn chọn. Các bạn có thể bắt đầu bằng việc đọc danh sách này để chọn đề
mình muốn xem và chuyển qua phần 2 nhé.
Phần 2: Main points
Phần thứ hai này sẽ bao gồm các đề bài cụ thể, đi kèm với danh sách ý tưởng hỗ trợ, và
cuối cùng là danh sách Reference để các bạn tham khảo.
Cách học:
Bước 1: Các bạn sử dụng mục lục để lựa chọn Topic mà mình muốn xem trong tổng cộng
10 topic.
Bước 2: Các bạn lựa chọn đề bài mình muốn xem trong Topic đó bằng cách đọc danh sách
đề trong phần “Practice Questions”.
Bước 3: Các bạn sang trang tiếp theo để tham khảo danh sách ý tưởng cho mỗi đề. Các ý
tưởng này đã được chia làm các hướng khác nhau để giúp các bạn dễ dàng trả lời câu hỏi
của đề.
Bước 4: Các bạn click vào các đường link trong phần Reference để đọc tài liệu tham khảo.
Các tài liệu này đều liên quan trực tiếp tới ý tưởng nêu trong danh sách, vậy nên các bạn
hãy đọc kỹ để hiểu rõ hơn ý tưởng và cách triển khai, đồng thời học thêm các từ vựng và
cấu trúc hay.
*Trong trường hợp các bạn không truy cập được vào Link Reference, các bạn hãy thử đổi
phần mềm khác để mở tài liệu như Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge...
Sau khi thực hiện các bước trên, các bạn sẽ hình thành được quan điểm của bản thân về
vấn đề của đề bài, và cũng sẽ nắm được các ý tưởng cụ thể để triển khai trong bài viết. Kết
hợp với các từ vựng học thuật các bạn học được, các bạn có thể bắt tay vào viết bài ngay
cho nóng nhé.

1
 TOPIC 1: SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people think that young people should go to university to further their
education, while others think they should be encouraged to work as car mechanics or
builders etc. to serve society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
2. Question: In some parts of the world it is becoming popular to research the history of
one’s own family. Why might people want to do this? Is it a positive or negative
development?
3. Question: Many people say the gap between rich and poor people is wider, as rich
people become richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems could this situation
cause and what measures can be done to address those problems?
4. Question: Immigration has a major impact on society. What are the main reasons of
immigration? To what consequences can it lead?
5. Question: Group and team activities are more important than the activities done alone,
because they teach us important life skills. Do you agree or disagree?

2
 Main points
Question 1: Some people think that young people should go to university to further their
education, while others think they should be encouraged to work as car mechanics or
builders etc. to serve society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Reasons for going to university Reasons why they should be

encouraged to work as car mechanics
or builders

• University provides in-depth • Car mechanics and builders

knowledge and expertise in a provide essential services that
particular field of study. contribute to the functioning of
• A bachelor degree can enhance job society.
prospects. • They can have the opportunities
• Individuals with a university degree for hands-on learning.
tend to earn higher salaries over their • It is more cost-saving to enter the
lifetimes compared to those without a workforce than attending
degree. university.

Reference:

• Six Advantages of Working After High School

• On-the-Job Training vs. A College Education
• Why go to university? - Make Happen

3
Question 2: In some parts of the world it is becoming popular to research the history of
one’s own family. Why might people want to do this? Is it a positive or negative
development?

Why people research the history of their Is it a positive or negative development?

family

• Many people are motivated by a • Genealogical research can lead to

desire to preserve and pass down
their family's cultural, historical,
and ethnic heritage to future
generations.
• Learning about family medical
history is important for
understanding potential hereditary
health conditions.
• People are often intrigued by the
stories and experiences of their
ancestors.
the discovery of long-lost relatives
or distant family members, fostering
connections.
• Discovering one's family history
can provide a sense of identity and
belonging.
• Researching family history can be
time-consuming and may require
significant resources, especially if
detailed records are not readily
available.
• Some families may have kept
secrets and uncovering them may
disrupt family dynamics.

Reference:

• 5 Benefits of Knowing Your Family History

• Why We Need Family History Now More Than Ever
• The Pros and Cons of Doing Family History
• Common Reasons Why People Don't Do Family History

4
Question 3: Many people say the gap between rich and poor people is wider, as rich people
become richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems could this situation cause and
what measures can be done to address those problems?

Problems Measures

• The gap between the rich and
the poor can create divisions
within society, potentially
leading to civil unrest.
• Wealth disparities often
translate into disparities in
health outcomes.
• When the income gap widens,
it becomes more challenging
for individuals to move up the
social and economic ladder.
• Implementing a progressive tax system
ensures that the wealthy contribute a
higher percentage of their income in taxes.
• Encouraging businesses to adopt socially
responsible practices, including fair
wages and ethical business conduct, can
contribute to a more equitable distribution
of resources.
• Implementing policies that focus on
inclusive economic growth, rather than
benefiting only a small segment of the
population, can help narrow the wealth
gap.

Reference:

• Explainer: Inequality in Singapore

• The Influence of Inequality on Health Outcomes
• Wealth Inequality Today
• How to Fix Economic Inequality?
• Six policies to reduce economic inequality

5
Question 4: Immigration has a major impact on society. What are the main reasons of
immigration? To what consequences can it lead?

Reasons for immigration Consequences of immigration

• Many individuals migrate in search • High levels of immigration can

of better job prospects.
• People may flee their home countries
to escape from conflict or
persecution.
• A desire for a better living condition
is a common factor influencing
immigration patterns.
strain public services.
• Cultural differences and
competition for resources may
contribute to social conflicts.
• Countries experiencing significant
emigration may face a "brain
drain".

Reference:

• International migration
• Exploring migration causes: why people migrate
• Impacts of migration on local public services
• Culture and Conflict
• Brain drain: countries with the greatest human capital flight
• Brain Drain: Definition, Causes, Effects, and Examples

6
Question 5: Group and team activities are more important than the activities done alone,
because they teach us important life skills. Do you agree or disagree?

For Against

• Group activities foster • In group settings, this can lead to

collaboration and improve
communication skills.
• Working in a group allows
individuals to understand the
dynamics of leadership.
• Learning to navigate and resolve
conflicts in a team setting is a
valuable life skill.
frustration due to the inequality of
responsibility.
• While conflict resolution is a positive
skill to develop, unresolved conflicts
within a group can lead to tension.

Reference:

• What are the benefits of group work?

• 19.5 Teamwork and Leadership
• Why Conflict Resolution Training Is An Essential Skill
• Reasons for the Failure of Group Work During Student Life

7
 TOPIC 2: TECHNOLOGY

Practice questions

1. Question: Many people think modern communication technology is having some

negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier,
while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
3. Question: Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human
beings. Some people find it is positive while others think it is a negative development.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
4. Question: Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology
can replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?
5. Question: Advancement in technology helps to improve the standard of life.
Meanwhile, according to data, while the average change in society in developing
countries is positive, in richer countries this can be exactly the opposite. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this?

8
 Main points
Question 1: Many people think modern communication technology is having some
negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?

Negative effects Positive effects

• There is a potential decrease in • Modern communication tools allow

face-to-face interactions. people to stay connected across
• Digital communication can lack distances.
nuance, leading to • Digital communication offers
misunderstandings or flexibility in terms of time and location.
misinterpretations. • The ease of sharing information and
• Communication technology can ideas globally can foster understanding
lead to increased isolation. and awareness about different cultures,
perspectives, and issues.

Reference:

• Exploring the Disadvantages of Virtual Communication

• The Now: Is Technology Making Us Lonely?
• How Telecommunications Revolutionized Communication

Question 2: Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier,
while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Advantages of modern technology in shopping Disadvantages of modern

technology in shopping

• E-commerce websites and apps often offer a
vast array of products from various brands
and sellers.
• Customers can browse through a wide range
of products from the comfort of their homes.
• Advanced algorithms and data analytics
allow online retailers to personalize
shopping experiences for users
• Online shopping can expose
consumers to identity theft.
• One drawback of online
shopping is the absence of
tangibility.

9
Reference:

• E-commerce and the shift towards online shopping

• The Future Of Shopping: How AI Is Enhancing Customer Experience In Retail
• 6 Online Shopping Security Threats and How to Avoid Them
• Online Shopping vs In-Store Shopping: the Future of Retail?

Question 3: Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human
beings. Some people find it is positive while others think it is a negative development.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Positive sides of computers Negative sides of computers

• Intelligent technology can • The increasing use of AI-driven devices can

perform tasks with greater
precision than humans.
• Intelligent technology can
help businesses reduce labor
costs.
• AI can replace humans in
hazardous situations.
contribute to social isolation.
• AI can replace certain jobs, leading to
unemployment.
• The collection and analysis of vast amounts
of personal data by intelligent systems raise
significant privacy concerns.

Reference:

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence [AI]

• Top advantages and disadvantages of AI
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer

10
Question 4: Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology
can replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?

Reasons why they should maintain Reasons why they should not maintain
public libraries public libraries compared to computer
technology

• Public libraries provide free and • The widespread availability of digital

equal access to a wide range of
more verified resources.
• Libraries serve as community
hubs, offering a physical space
for people to engage in cultural
and educational activities.
• While computer technology is
prevalent, not everyone has the
means to access it compared to
physical libraries.
content and online resources has led
some to argue that physical libraries
due to their convenience.
• In times of economic hardship, some
argue that allocating resources to
public libraries may divert funds from
other critical areas.
• Investing in physical libraries may not
align with the preferences of a
population increasingly consuming
content electronically.

Reference:

• Neighborhood-based in-library use performance measures for public libraries: A

nationwide study of majority–minority and majority white/low income markets
using personal digital data collectors - ScienceDirect
• 17. The Modern Library Experience
• Ten Reasons Libraries Are Still Better Than the Internet
• What is a Digital Library or e-Library? | TechSolvePrac
• THE ROLE OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN THE COMMUNITY

11
Question 5: Advancement in technology helps to improve the standard of life. Meanwhile,
according to data, while the average change in society in developing countries is positive,
in richer countries this can be exactly the opposite. To what extent do you agree or disagree
with this?

Advantages of advanced technology in Disadvantages of advanced technology

developing countries in richer countries

• Advanced technology, particularly the • Advanced technology can

Internet and mobile communication,
provides people in developing
countries with access to a wealth of
information.
• Technology can drive economic
growth in developing countries by
improving working productivity.
• Technological advancements in
agriculture can increase agricultural
productivity in developing countries,
helping to address food security
challenges.
• E-learning platforms, educational
apps, and digital resources can
overcome traditional barriers to
education in developing countries.
contribute to growing economic
disparities within developed
countries.
• Despite widespread access to
technology, there can still be
disparities in digital literacy and
access to information within
developed countries.
• Developed countries may face
challenges related to the impact of
technology on well-being and
social connections.
• Developed countries, with their
sophisticated technological
infrastructure, are often more
susceptible to privacy concerns.

Reference:

• Communications Technology in Emerging and Developing Nations | Pew

Research Center
• Economic value of introducing technology to improve productivity: An ARDL
approach - ScienceDirect
• How technology can help drive SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
• Technology and Inequalities
• Digital technologies: tensions in privacy and data | Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science
• Privacy and Security Concerns in the Smart City
• The Impact of Technology on Society: Positive and Negative Effects

12
 TOPIC 3: GOVERNMENT SPENDING

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people feel that there is too much emphasis on getting an education,
and that the government should spend money on leisure time activities for young
people too. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: Some people argue that the government should spend money on public
services and facilities, but not on the arts. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle
in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4. Question: Some people think the government should pay for health care and education,
but there is no agreement about whether it is the government’s responsibility. What is
your opinion?
5. Question: Accommodation and transport problems are increasing in many large cities.
Businesses are encouraged to move to rural areas. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

13
 Main points
Question 1: Some people feel that there is too much emphasis on getting an education, and
that the government should spend money on leisure time activities for young people too.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons for focusing on education Reasons why the government should spend
money on leisure time activities for young
people

• Education equips individuals • Leisure activities contribute to physical

with the necessary skills and
knowledge.
• Investments in education have
long-term societal benefits.
well-being.
• Leisure activities often encourage
interpersonal skills.
• Leisure activities provide a necessary
outlet for stress relief and mental health
promotion.

Reference:

• Education and Innovation: The Key Drivers for Skills Development

• The economic benefits of investment in education and skills training
• The Surprising Truth About Leisure: Why It’s Essential for Our Mental Health
and Well-being.
• RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES THAT BUILD LIFE SKILLS - Healthy Family
Living in Metro Vancouver

14
Question 2: Some people argue that the government should spend money on public
services and facilities, but not on the arts. Do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of spending on Arguments in favor of spending on the arts

public services and facilities

• Essential needs like healthcare,
education, and infrastructure are
fundamental for citizens' well-
being.
• Investments in public services
and infrastructure can have a
direct and measurable impact on
economic growth.
• Prioritizing public services is
often seen as a way to promote
social equity
• The arts play a crucial role in preserving
and enriching a society's cultural
identity.
• The arts can contribute to economic
growth.
• Arts education is believed to contribute
to the overall education and
development of individuals by fostering
creativity, critical thinking, and
innovation

Reference:

• Social Infrastructure Vs. Economic Infrastructure

• The Crucial Role of Infrastructure in Economic Development
• Public services: The Role of Public Services in a Thriving Welfare State -
FasterCapital
• What's the role of art in preserving cultural identity? | TutorChase
• The Role of the Arts in Economic Development
• "Empowering Students Through Art Education: Fostering Creativity, Confidence,
and Compassion"

15
Question 3: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle
in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons for spending public money Reasons against spending public money on
on promoting a healthy lifestyle in treatment of people who are already ill
order to prevent illness

• Investing in preventive • Health outcomes are influenced by a

measures can be more cost- multitude of factors, including genetics,
effective in the long run environmental conditions, and socio-
• Promoting a healthy lifestyle economic factors.
contributes to an overall • Ensuring access to treatment for those
improvement in the population's already ill promotes social equality.
quality of life.
• Preventive healthcare also helps
cut down on the risks of
developing serious health
problems

Reference:

• Economic benefits of prevention.

• Top Benefits and Tips for Preventive Healthcare
• Determinants of Health - Physiopedia
• The costs of inequality: Money = quality health care = longer life — Harvard
Gazette

16
Question 4: Some people think the government should pay for health care and education,
but there is no agreement about whether it is the government’s responsibility. What is your
opinion?

Reasons why the government should pay Reasons why the government should
for health care and education not pay for health care and education

• Government involvement in • Individuals should take

healthcare and education can address
social inequalities.
• Investing in education is crucial for
developing a skilled workforce.
• A healthy population is often viewed
as crucial for economic stability.
responsibility for their own
healthcare and education.
• Government-funded healthcare and
education often leads to financial
concerns.

Reference:

• Access to Quality Health Care, Education Vital for Improving Children’s Well-
Being, Speakers Stress as Third Committee Concludes Debate
• Investing in Education and Skill Development - FasterCapital
• Valuing health: why prioritising population health is essential to prosperity
• People must take responsibility for own health, says Matt Hancock
• Effects of Health Care Spending on the U.S. Economy | ASPE

17
Question 5: Accommodation and transport problems are increasing in many large cities.
Businesses are encouraged to move to rural areas. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Advantages of encouraging Disadvantages of encouraging businesses to

businesses to move to rural move to rural areas
areas

• Businesses may benefit • Moving businesses away from large cities

from lower operating costs
in rural areas.
• Employees may experience
an improved quality of life
in rural areas.
• Another advantage of doing
business in a rural area is
the lower competition.
might result in a loss of access to a highly
skilled and diverse talent pool concentrated
in urban areas.
• Establishing the necessary infrastructure in
rural areas may require significant
investment.

Reference:

• Advantages Of Doing Business In A Rural Area

• The Pros and Cons of Starting a Business in a Rural Area - Acquira.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Business Relocation in 2021 - Commercial Risk
Europe

18
 TOPIC 4: WORK

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people work harder than others.

Why is this?
Is this a positive or negative habit?
2. Question: Some people believe that it is a good idea that older people continue to
work if it is possible for them to do. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: In most successful companies, some people think that communication
between employers and workers is the most important factor, other people say that
other factors are more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4. Question: Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work
helping people in the community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
5. Question: Nowadays, more people move away from their friends and families for
work. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

19
 Main points

Question 1: Some people work harder than others.

Why is this?
Is this a positive or negative habit?

The reasons why people work harder Effects of this habits

• Some individuals are inherently • Working hard can lead to the

driven by a strong internal
motivation to achieve their goals.
• This is due to natural differences in
temperament.
• Those who genuinely enjoy what
they do are more likely to invest
time and effort into their tasks.
Reference:
• Why do some people work harder than others?
• 5 Benefits of Hard Work
• 6 Ways Working Too Hard Is Bad for Your Health
accomplishment of personal and
professional goals.
• Excessive and sustained hard
work without adequate rest can
lead to burnout.
• Prioritizing work excessively may
lead to neglect in other important
areas of life.
• Constantly pushing oneself to
work harder may contribute to
mental health issues.

20
Question 2: Some people believe that it is a good idea that older people continue to work
if it is possible for them to do. Do you agree or disagree?
Arguments in favor of older people Arguments against older people
continuing to work continuing to work

• Doing so can encourage greater • Allowing older people to remain in

financial independence.
• Staying active in the workforce
can contribute to the mental and
physical well-being of older
individuals.
• Older workers can play a crucial
role in transferring institutional
knowledge to younger
generations.
employment can exacerbate
unemployment rates among younger
workers.
• Health concerns may arise as
individuals age, making it difficult
for them to perform job duties
effectively and safely.

• Reference:
• What drives older adults to continue working after official retirement age?
• The Advantages of Older Workers
• Many older workers have difficult jobs that put them at risk

Question 3: In most successful companies, some people think that communication

between employers and workers is the most important factor, other people say that other
factors are more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Communication between Other factors

employers and workers

• Effective communication • The quality and innovation of a

fosters collaboration and company's products or services play a
teamwork. significant role in one business’s
• Transparent communication success.
can boost employee • Hiring and retaining the right talent is
engagement. crucial.
• Communication is vital for • Strategic planning is a vital element of
problem-solving. success.

21
Reference:
• Fostering Collaborative Communication in the Workplace | Box, Inc.
• Why transparency is key to employee engagement
• Good Communication Can Help Solve Problems | Ag Decision Maker
• Importance of Quality: Explanation & Importance | StudySmarter

Question 4: Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work
helping people in the community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages Disadvantages

• Volunteering often promotes personal • Requiring unpaid community

growth.
• Encouraging young people to volunteer
fosters a sense of community
engagement and social responsibility
• Volunteering exposes young people to
new social networks
work could place additional
demands on young people's time
• Unpaid work may not be feasible
due to financial constraints.
• Young people could be taken
advantage of

Reference:

• Top reasons why volunteering is important for personal development

• Volunteering: A Key to Unlocking Personal Growth - Big Brothers of Greater
Vancouver
• Why Should Teens Volunteer? Exploring the Amazing Benefits - GVI
• Disadvantages of Volunteer Work - Synonym
• The Pros And Cons Of Volunteer Work

22
Question 5: Nowadays, more people move away from their friends and families for
work. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages Disadvantages

• Moving away for work can provide • Adjusting to a new place can be
access to better career challenging in terms of cultural
opportunities differences
• Relocating for work can lead to • Moving away from friends and
higher salaries family can lead to feelings of
• Living in a new environment loneliness and social isolation
challenges individuals to become • Being away from friends and family
more self-reliant means losing access to practical
support

Reference:

• Why Relocating for a Job Might be Right for You | Caring Support
• 5 promising reasons to embrace a job relocation - Fuse Recruitment
• What is Culture Shock and How Does it Affect Expats? | William Russell
• How to Cope with Loneliness and Social Isolation - Jonas Hill Hospital and Clinic
• Why is the support of a friend or family member important in mental health care?
- Learn to Live

23
 TOPIC 5: EDUCATION

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university
education and that governments should make it free for all students no matter what
financial background they have.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: Some people think that schools should invest more money in technology,
such as more computers, while others think more money should be spent on teachers.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
3. Question: Some people think that children should begin their education at a very early
age. Some think they should begin at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give
your own opinion.
4. Question: In some countries, schools are teaching foreign languages for primary school
children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
5. Question: Art classes should be compulsory in high school. Do you agree or disagree?

24
 Main points
Question 1: Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university
education and that governments should make it free for all students no matter what
financial background they have.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of free and Arguments against free and universal

universal access to university
education
• Providing free education can lead
to a more educated workforce.
• Free education can help reduce
socioeconomic inequality.
access to university education
• Waiving university tuition will put a
strain on government coffers.
• The abolition of university tuition
may take a toll on students’ academic
performance.

Reference:
• 5 Reasons Why College Should Be Free: The Case for Debt-Free Education
• Should university education be free?
• A debate is under way about the cost of higher education
• What makes Germany a popular choice among international students?

Question 2: Some people think that schools should invest more money in technology, such
as more computers, while others think more money should be spent on teachers. Discuss
both sides and give your opinion.

The reasons why schools should invest The reasons why schools should
more in technology invest more in teachers

• Schools should provide greater funding • Investing in teachers helps build

for technology to directly enhance the a team of high-quality
student learning experiences. educators.
• Technology enables students to access • Teachers contribute
educational resources globally. significantly to students'
emotional and social
development.

25
Reference:
• 5 Reasons Why Schools Should Invest in Technology This Year
• Investing in Education Starts with Investing in Teachers

Question 3: Some people think that children should begin their education at a very early
age. Some think they should begin at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

The reasons why children should The reasons why children should begin their
begin their education at a very education at least 7 years old
early age
• Early education can stimulate • Delaying formal education until around
a child's cognitive age 7 allows children to begin their
development. academic journey when they are
• Preschool and early education developmentally more prepared.
settings provide opportunities • Starting formal education at a later age
for children to develop soft can potentially reduce stress and anxiety
skills. for both children and their families.
• Early childhood education • Delaying formal education allows
can help children become children to enjoy a more extended period
more prepared for formal of childhood.
schooling.
Reference:
• Benefits of Early Childhood Education: A Comprehensive Exploration
• How soft skills are taught in early learning services
• Early Childhood Training: A Foundation for Lifelong Success
• Better Late than Early
• School Readiness: What is the right age for your child?
• Delaying formal education allows children to enjoy a more extended period of
childhood.

26
Question 4: In some countries, schools are teaching foreign languages for primary school
children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages Disadvantages

• Learning a foreign language at • Teaching foreign languages may detract

a young age can enhance from other important subjects or activities
cognitive development. in the curriculum.
• Learning a foreign language • Learning a new language can be
enables children to foster challenging.
greater cultural tolerance. • Focusing on teaching a few widely
• Proficiency in a second spoken languages could contribute to the
language can open up a wide homogenization of cultures and
range of future opportunities. languages.

Reference:

• How learning a new language changes your brain | Cambridge English

• Why Learning a New Language Improves Tolerance
• The Benefits of Early Bilingual Education
• The Pros And Cons Of Learning A Second Language At An Early Age
• 20 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of Learning Foreign Language -
Intellectual Gyani

27
Question 5: Art classes should be compulsory in high school. Do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of making Arguments against making art classes

art classes compulsory in high compulsory in high school
school

• Art classes foster students’ • Forcing high-school students to take art

innovation and classes could lead to disengagement (not all
imagination. students may have an interest or talent in art).
• Engaging in artistic • Mandating art classes could strain budgets.
activities encourages • The focus should be on core subjects.
students to think critically.
• Art can serve as a form of
stress relief for students.

Reference:

• Art and Creativity in Education: Fostering Imagination and Self-expression -

Sankalp Bhoomi Trust
• The Importance Of Art In Education: 7 Impactful Reasons
• The Benefits of Art Therapy for Mental Health
• Why Schools Should Only Teach Core Subjects – GoGreenva.org

28
 TOPIC 6: LEISURE

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people say that young people can learn useful skills by playing
electronic and computer games. Others say that young people who play electronic and
computer games are wasting their time. Discuss both views and give your own
opinions.
2. Question: Celebrities have a significant impact on young people’s lifestyles. Do you
think this is a positive or negative development?
3. Question: Many people today would argue that cinemas are becoming irrelevant due
to new streaming services. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4. Question: Some people think that sports play an important role in the development of
society. Others think they are nothing more than a leisure activity. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
5. Question: Some think that all entertainment TV programmes should educate people
about the importance of social issues. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

29
 Main points

Question 1: Some people say that young people can learn useful skills by playing
electronic and computer games. Others say that young people who play electronic and
computer games are wasting their time. Discuss both views and give your own opinions.

Reasons why young people can learn Reasons why play electronic games are
useful skills by playing computer games wasting their time

• Many computer games require • Prolonged periods of gaming can

players to think critically and solve
complex problems to advance,
enhancing young people's problem-
solving abilities.
• Multiplayer games allow youngsters
to boost teamwork, communication,
and collaboration skills.
• Games with open-ended scenarios or
those that allow players to create
their own worlds can foster creativity
and imagination.
contribute to a lack of physical
exercise, leading to issues like
obesity, poor posture, and other
health-related problems.
• Excessive gaming can lead to
isolation from real-world social
interactions.
• Spending too much time in the
virtual world can negatively impact
academic or work performance.

Reference:

• The benefits of video games in learning

• The Benefits of Computer Games for Children
• What Are the Pros and Cons of Video Games?
• 5 Drawbacks & Benefits of Computer Games

30
Question 2: Celebrities have a significant impact on young people’s lifestyles. Do you
think this is a positive or negative development?

The positive influence of celebrities on The negative influence of celebrities on

young people’s lifestyles young people’s lifestyles

• Young people may be inspired by • The lavish lifestyles of many

their success stories, hard work,
and determination, motivating
them to pursue their own goals and
dreams.
• Celebrities from diverse
backgrounds can promote cultural
understanding and appreciation
among young people.
• Celebrities can play a crucial role
in raising awareness about critical
issues such as mental health,
climate change, and social justice.
celebrities can promote materialism
and consumerism among young
people.
• Some celebrities may engage in
behavior that is unhealthy or immoral,
which can negatively influence
impressionable young people.
• Celebrities often represent an
idealized image that can lead to
unrealistic expectations for
appearance, contributing to body
image issues among young people.

Reference:

• How Celebrities Influence Teens and Why it Matters

• Positive Effect Celebrities Have on Teens
• The Influence of Celebrities on Children's Upbringing
• Are Celebrities Good Role Models for Teens?

31
Question 3: Many people today would argue that cinemas are becoming irrelevant due to
new streaming services. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of cinemas becoming Arguments against cinemas

irrelevant becoming irrelevant

• Streaming services often offer a more • Cinemas offer a unique and

cost-effective option for regular immersive experience that
entertainment. cannot be fully replicated at
• Streaming services provide a vast library home.
of content, catering to diverse tastes. • Cinemas provide a communal
• Streaming services provide the space for social activities.
convenience of watching movies or shows • Some major film releases are
from the comfort of one's home, initially exclusive to cinemas
eliminating the need to travel to a cinema. before being available on
streaming platforms.

Reference:

• The pros and cons of streaming

• What is the impact of streaming platforms on cinema?
• Differences between a home theater and home cinema

32
Question 4: Some people think that sports play an important role in the development of
society. Others think they are nothing more than a leisure activity. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.

Sports as an important role in society Sports as leisure activities

• Sports promote a healthier society. • Sports provide an escape from

• Sports have the power to bring daily stresses.
communities together.
• Participation in sports can instill valuable
character traits.
• Major sporting events can stimulate
economic growth.

Reference:

• Importance of sports
• What are the benefits and importance of sports in education?
• The power of sports in communities

33
Question 5: Some think that all entertainment TV programmes should educate people
about the importance of social issues.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The reasons why TV programmes The reasons why TV programmes should

should educate about the not educate about the importance of social
importance of social issues issues

• TV's broad approach makes it • TV programs often simplify complex

an effective tool for bringing
attention to important social
issues.
• Educating people about social
issues through TV programs
equips them with the knowledge
to make informed civic
decisions.
• Learning about others'
experiences through TV can
cultivate empathy and social
cohesion.
topics to fit time constraints, which
could lead to misinformation or shallow
understanding of important social
matters.
• The primary aim of many TV programs
is to entertain; mixing entertainment
with education might dilute the
effectiveness of both.
• The need to attract viewers may lead to
sensationalized or exaggerated
portrayals of social issues, distorting
public perception.

Reference:

• The Educational Impact of Television

• Journalism, Fake News & Misinformation
• Television's Impact On American Society And Culture

34
 TOPIC 7: HEALTH

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people think that public health is the responsibility of the government
while others think that people should be responsible for their own health.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
2. Question: Doctors should be responsible for educating their patients about how to
improve their health. Do you agree or disagree with this?
3. Question: Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a person’s income.
The health of a person is in their own hands and they should, therefore, be held
accountable for that.
Do you agree with this opinion?
4. Question: In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some
people think that the government should have the responsibility. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
5. Question: Despite huge improvements in healthcare, the overall standard of physical
health in many developed countries is now falling. What could be the reason for this
trend, and what can be done to reverse it?

35
 Main points

Question 1: Some people think that public health is the responsibility of the government
while others think that people should be responsible for their own health.

Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

The reasons why public health is The reasons why people should be responsible
the responsibility of the for their own health.
government

• Governments have the • Individuals who prioritize preventive

authority to implement large- measures and maintain a healthy lifestyle
scale public health measures. may incur fewer healthcare costs in the
• Governments have the long run.
resources to invest in • Individuals’ entire responsibility for their
enhancing healthcare own health can ease the government’s
services. burdens on healthcare.
• Government intervention • Individuals’ entire responsibility for their
helps ensure the common own health is also their social
good of a healthy population. responsibility.

Reference:

• Responsibility for health: personal, social, and environmental

• Governmental Public Health Powers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Why Investors Should be Optimistic About Vietnam’s Healthcare Industry
• The Impact of Personalized Preventive Care on Health Care Quality, Utilization,
and Expenditures

36
Question 2: Doctors should be responsible for educating their patients about how to
improve their health. Do you agree or disagree with this?

For Against

• Doctors can offer personalized
health advice based on an
individual's medical history.
• Doctors possess extensive medical
knowledge and expertise.
• Each patient has their own duty to
take care of their health on a daily
basis.
• Doctors have more urgent priorities.
• Doctors’ advice or sharing can be
too complex for each patient to
understand and follow.

Reference:

• 3 Benefits of Patient Education: Improving Safety and Quality of Care

• 6 Benefits of Patient Education & How to Educate Patients
• Patient Education
• Educating patients: understanding barriers, learning styles, and teaching
techniques

37
Question 3: Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a person’s income.
The health of a person is in their own hands and they should, therefore, be held accountable
for that.

Do you agree with this opinion?

Arguments in favor of providing Arguments against providing

healthcare for free regardless of income healthcare for free regardless of
income

• This can lead to improved public
health.
• Free healthcare encourages
individuals to seek preventative care
and early treatment for medical issues,
reducing the spread of diseases and
the need for costly, advanced
treatments later on.
• When individuals have to pay for
their healthcare to some extent,
they are more likely to make
responsible health choices and
adopt healthy lifestyles.
• In a system where healthcare is
entirely free, there may be
concerns about overutilization of
healthcare services.
• Providing free healthcare to
everyone can strain a
government's budget.

Reference:

• Health care systems: models, pros and cons, and smart health card contribution
• Should the U.S. Government Provide Universal Health Care?

38
Question 4: In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some
people think that the government should have the responsibility. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of government Arguments against government

responsibility responsibility

• States have the power and resources to enact • The parents of these
laws or policies that can actively promote a children should assume a
healthier lifestyle and therefore curb the secondary role in rectifying
obesity rate among children. this problem as well.
• Governments can invest in public awareness • Schools are essential in
campaigns to educate parents, caregivers, promoting healthy
and children about the importance of a lifestyles.
healthy lifestyle.

Reference:

• Childhood obesity, parental duties of care and strategies for intervention

• Childhood obesity: who’s to blame and who should pay?
• Who's responsible for the childhood obesity crisis?

39
Question 5: Despite huge improvements in healthcare, the overall standard of physical
health in many developed countries is now falling. What could be the reason for this trend,
and what can be done to reverse it?

Causes Solutions

• Modern lifestyles often involve sedentary • Creating environments that

behaviors.
• Changes in dietary habits, characterized
by an increased consumption of unhealthy
food.
• High levels of stress and mental health
challenges can negatively impact physical
health.
• Environmental factors, such as air
pollution, can have adverse effects on
physical health.
• Despite improvements in healthcare,
disparities in access persist, affecting the
overall health of certain populations.
• A lack of awareness and education
regarding healthy lifestyles and
preventive healthcare measures can
contribute to the overall decline in
physical health.
facilitate regular physical
activity.
• Implement public health
campaigns to raise awareness
about the importance of a
balanced diet.
• Promote work-life balance.
• Enforce environmental
regulations to contribute to a
healthier environment.
• Ensure equitable access to
healthcare services through
policy measures.
• Implement comprehensive
health education programs in
schools, workplaces, and
communities.

Reference:

• School health guidelines

• Unhealthy diet: Understanding the impacts
• Air quality and health
• Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care

40
 TOPIC 8: ART

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people believe that every human can create art. Other people think
that art can only be created by people with special talents. Discuss both views and give
your own opinion.
2. Question: Creative artists should be given freedom to express their ideas through
words, pictures, music or films. Some people nevertheless think that the government
should restrict artists’ freedom of expression. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: In today’s world of advanced science and technology, many still greatly
value artists such as musicians, painters and writers.
What can the arts tell us about life that science cannot?
4. Question: Many people believe that film is a less important art than other forms such
as literature and painting.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
6. Question: Some think that quality art can be made by anyone while others think that it
requires special talent and ability.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

41
 Main points
Question 1: Some people believe that every human can create art. Other people think that
art can only be created by people with special talents. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

The reasons why every individual is The reasons why art can exclusively
able to produce the arts created by those with natural aptitudes
• People can cultivate their artistic • These people have a heightened
skills through education and sensitivity to aesthetics, allowing
practice. them to create art with a unique
• The widespread availability of perspective.
advanced technology art tools has • Innately talented artists often have
made it easier for people to make a creative vision that not any
works of art. average person possesses.
Reference:
• Is Art a Skill Or Talent? – Artist Strong
• Art: Who can do it? Is talent required?
• Can I Learn to Be an Artist if I Have No Talent? - Adventures with Art
• Can Everyone Be an Artist - Brilliantio
• The Purpose of Digital Art in Contemporary Culture
• The Future of Art: The Evolving Relationship Between Technology and Creativity
- Pinot's Palette

Question 2: Creative artists should be given freedom to express their ideas through words,
pictures, music or films. Some people nevertheless think that the government should
restrict artists’ freedom of expression. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of government Arguments against government restrictions

restrictions on artistic freedom
• This helps prevent the
dissemination of dangerous
ideologies or content.
• Restrictions on artistic
expression may be justified to
avoid social discord or unrest.
Reference:
• The Profound Importance of Artistic Expression: Revealing Your True Se –
HovaveART.
on artistic freedom
• This infringes upon human’s rights to
freedom of artistic expression.
• Creative freedom allows artists to push
boundaries, challenge norms, and
contribute to the evolution of art and
culture.

42
 • Freedom of Expression in the Arts and Entertainment | American Civil Liberties
Union.
• UNESCO: We must protect artists and defend the right to freedom of expression!
• Art and Freedom of Expression in a Time of Conflict in Ukraine
• Report of the Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights

Question 3: In today’s world of advanced science and technology, many still greatly value
artists such as musicians, painters and writers. What can the arts tell us about life that
science cannot?

Aspects of life that the arts can convey, which may not be fully captured by
science
• Art allows for the expression of complex human emotions and experiences.
• Art reflects the cultural, historical, and societal contexts in which it is created.
• Art stimulates imagination and creativity.
• Art has the power to evoke empathy and establish a deep human connection.
• Art can have therapeutic effects on individuals.
Reference:
• Issues in Aesthetics: How to Judge Art? – Introduction to Philosophy
• The art of science and the science of art | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
• The Importance of Art - Tarrant County College
• Why Art is Important to Society? The Value of Art in Life

Question 4: Many people believe that film is a less important art than other forms such as
literature and painting. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of film being less significant Arguments against film being
less significant
• The film industry is heavily commercialized, • Films are a powerful
with a focus on profit rather than artistic medium that combines
merit. artistic elements to
• Other types such as literature and painting are convey narratives.
long-standing records of cultural history of • Films have the potential
societies through centuries while films to reach a broad and
represent a more recent form of artistic diverse audience due to
expression in the modern era. their accessibility.
Reference:

43
 • Movie as a High Form of Art and Here’s Why – Fondazione March
• Are Movies the Highest Form of Art? 5 Reasons Why I Think, “Yes.” | ActionVFX
• Film and Literature: An Overview Abstract
• Why Is Film Important to Society - Brilliantio

Question 5: Most artists earn low salaries and should therefore receive funding from the
government in order for them to continue with their work.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of government funding Arguments against government

for artists funding for artists

• Financial support enables artists to • Limited government resources

continue to produce works that reflect should be allocated to more
cultural values and traditions. pressing issues.
• Government funding contributes to • It can create dependency
preserving and promoting art forms for within the artistic community.
future generations.
• Government funding helps stimulate the
economic benefit from the arts sector.
Reference:
• Why Should Government Support the Arts? - NASAA
• What are Artist Grants? An Introduction for First-Time Applicants.
• Financial support for artists, creative practitioners and freelancers | Arts Council
England
• Top 12 Grants for Artists Who Are Seeking Financial Help
• What financial support is needed for artists and the arts in the pandemic? -
Economics Observatory

44
 TOPIC 9: ECONOMICS

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people say that the increasing business and cultural contact between
countries is positive development, while others think that many countries will lose their
national identities as a result. Discuss both views and give your opinion
2. Question: An increasing number of people are buying what they need online. What are
the advantages and disadvantages for both individuals and companies to shop online?
3. Question: The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization
produce positive effects for everyone.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
4. Question: Some people believe that the higher a product is priced, the more likely it is
that people will want to buy it. To what extent does price influence potential buyers?
What other factors influence people to buy a product?
5. Question: Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and as a
result, people gravitate towards buying their products. What problems does this cause?
What could be done to encourage people to buy local products?

45
 Main points
Question 1: Some people say that the increasing business and cultural contact between
countries is positive development, while others think that many countries will lose their
national identities as a result. Discuss both views and give your opinion

Growing business and cultural contact Loss of national identities

between nations is a positive thing
• In terms of business, companies now • Local companies might struggle
have a chance to expand to foreign to compete with larger
markets, creating job opportunities multinational corporations,
among local residents. leading to a decline in
• Concerning cultural aspects, increased traditional industries.
cultural contact fosters a deeper • Dominant foreign cultures may
understanding and appreciation of overshadow local traditions,
different cultures, promoting global customs, and languages, leading
harmony and cooperation. to a loss of unique cultural
identities.
Reference:
• Discover the Top 5 Advantages of International Expansion
• Understanding The Role Of Culture In International Business
• How cultural differences impact international business

Question 2: An increasing number of people are buying what they need online. What are
the advantages and disadvantages for both individuals and companies to shop online?

Advantages for both individuals and Disadvantages for both individuals and
companies companies
• Saves time and effort. • Risk of information theft.
• Access to products globally. • Potential for slow or problematic
• Access to customers worldwide. shipping.
• Lower operating costs. • Face technical issues.
• High level of market saturation.
Reference:
• Top 10 Benefits and Disadvantages of Online Shopping
• Top 15 Pros and Cons of Online Shopping
• Online Shopping vs. Traditional Shopping: Which is Right for You?

46
Question 3: The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization
produce positive effects for everyone.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Arguments for positive effects Arguments for negative effects

• Globalization and the presence of
multinational companies can lead
to increased economic growth.
• This can promote cultural diversity
and understanding.
• Globalization allows for increased
trade between nations, leading to a
wider variety of goods and services
available to consumers at
competitive prices.
• Globalization and the expansion of
multinational companies can
exacerbate income inequality.
• Some multinational companies are
criticized for exploiting labor and
resources in less developed
countries, leading to ethical and
human rights concerns.
• The homogenizing effects of
globalization can lead to the loss of
cultural diversity and the erosion of
local traditions and values.
• The pursuit of profit by
multinational corporations can
sometimes come at the cost of
environmental degradation.

Reference:
• The Significance and Influence of Multinational Corporations on the Global
Economy
• How Globalization Impacts Local Culture & Society
• How economic globalisation affects income inequality (news article)
• Multinational Corporations and Labor Conditions
• Cultural Erosion: A Simple Explanation - Tourism Teacher.

Question 4: Some people believe that the higher a product is priced, the more likely it is
that people will want to buy it. To what extent does price influence potential buyers? What
other factors influence people to buy a product?

Price have a influence on potential buyers Other factors influencing buying

decisions

• Consumers often associate higher • Unique or superior product

prices with higher quality. A features, benefits, and
premium price can suggest that a

47
 Price have a influence on potential buyers Other factors influencing buying
decisions

product is superior to its competitors, innovations can motivate

influencing a buyer's decision in
favor of more expensive items.
• Some products are priced higher
specifically to create a sense of
exclusivity or luxury. This can appeal
to consumers looking to buy status
symbols or luxury items.
purchases regardless of price.
• Positive reviews and
recommendations from other
consumers can significantly
influence buying decisions, often
more than price.
• The ease of acquiring a product,
including its availability or the
convenience of the purchasing
process, can influence the
decision to buy.

Reference:
• 7 Important Factors That Influence The Buying Decision Of A Consumer
• How Price Changes Influence Consumers’ Buying Decisions
• Use pricing to influence buyer behaviour

Question 5: Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and as a
result, people gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?

Effects of business marketing Measures to promote sales

• Product marketing may entice • Government can subsidize small-

consumers to buy unnecessary
items.
• Marketing can be expensive and
drain profits, especially for smaller
businesses.
• Many promoting campaigns are
not effective because of a lack of
further outcome research.
• This practice might lead to a
hypercompetitive market, leading
to the loss of many small local
brands.
medium-enterprises through fair
trade reforms.
• Awareness campaigns can be
introduced to the population so that
they understand the importance of
supporting local vendors.
• The ban on targeted advertising can
be applied.

48
Reference:
• Advertising Makes Us Unhappy
• EU parliament backs tighter rules on behavioural ads
• The Disadvantages of Target Marketing

49
 TOPIC 10: ENVIRONMENT

Practice questions

1. Question: While some people consider global warming to be the most pressing
environmental problem which we have at the moment, others believe that deforestation
has a more devastating impact on our world.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
2. Question: With increasing populations and ever growing urban centers, many countries
are losing their natural beauty spots.
What benefits are there to protecting places of natural beauty?
How can this be solved?
3. Question: While some people consider global warming to be the most pressing
environmental problem that we have at the moment, others believe that deforestation
has a more devastating impact on our world. Discuss both and give your opinions.
4. Question: Nowadays, people have little awareness of the importance of the natural
world.
What are the reasons and how can people learn more about the natural world?
5. Question: With deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal
species are becoming endangered and some are even facing extinction. Do you think
it is important to protect animals? What can be done to deal with this problem?

50
 Main points
Question 1: While some people consider global warming to be the most pressing
environmental problem which we have at the moment, others believe that deforestation
has a more devastating impact on our world.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

The reasons of why global warming is The reasons of why deforestation

considered the most pressing environmental has a more devastating impact on
problem which we have at the moment our world
• Global warming contributes to the • Deforestation can cause loss
intensification and increased frequency of of biodiversity.
extreme weather events. • This phenomenon can entail
• Changes in temperature and precipitation a great impact on indigenous
patterns disrupt ecosystems. peoples.
• Warming temperatures contribute to the
melting of glaciers and ice caps, leading
to the thermal expansion of seawater.
Reference:
• Global Warming 101
• Ice melt and sea level rise
• Effects of Deforestation

Question 2: With increasing populations and ever growing urban centers, many countries
are losing their natural beauty spots.
What benefits are there to protecting places of natural beauty?
How can this be solved?

The benefits The solutions

• Protecting natural beauty
helps conserve biodiversity.
• Many natural beauty spots
can help boost tourism.
• This can contribute to
improved human well-
being.
Reference:
• The government should impose strict laws
on those who destroy natural beauty spots.
• The local authorities should integrate
green spaces and nature reserves into
urban planning.
• Sustainable tourism practices should be
encouraged among visitors coming to
cities.

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 • 10 Benefits of the Natural Protected Areas in San Quintin
• WHY WE'RE PROTECTING NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
• Government Aims to Crack Down on Illegal Entrepreneurship and Protect
Greece’s Beautiful Natural Assets
• Alaminos takes measures for sustainable tourism

Question 3: While some people consider global warming to be the most pressing
environmental problem that we have at the moment, others believe that deforestation has a
more devastating impact on our world. Discuss both and give your opinions.

Global warming as pressing Deforestation as pressing

environmental problems environmental problems
• Global warming is linked to an • Clearing forests for agriculture,
increase in the frequency and logging, and urbanization destroys
intensity of extreme weather events, habitats for countless plant and
such as hurricanes, droughts, and animal species.
floods, causing widespread damage • Many indigenous communities rely
and suffering. on forests for their livelihoods,
• The melting of polar ice caps and culture, and survival. Deforestation
glaciers contributes to rising sea threatens their way of life and, in
levels, threatening coastal many cases, their very existence.
communities and habitats.
Reference:
• How global warming is disrupting life on Earth
• What Are the Effects of Climate Change?
• Effects of Deforestation
• How Does Deforestation Affect the Environment?

52
Question 4: Nowadays, people have little awareness of the importance of the natural
world.
What are the reasons and how can people learn more about the natural world?

The reasons why people have little Ways to help people learn more about
awareness of the importance of the the natural world
natural world.
• As more people move to urban areas, • The government should promote
they become disconnected from environmental education at all
nature and spend less time in natural levels of the educational system,
environments. from early childhood through
• The prevalence of digital devices and adulthood.
technology can lead to screen time • The government should
taking precedence over outdoor encourage participation in nature-
activities and nature exploration. based programs and outdoor
• In some cases, formal education activities.
systems may not prioritize • Information and stories about the
environmental or ecological natural world should be widely
education, leaving individuals with shared through mass media.
limited knowledge about the natural
world.
• People's busy lives may leave little
time for outdoor activities or nature
exploration, further reducing their
awareness of the natural world.
Reference:
• Reconnecting communities with nature through local libraries
• How Modern Life Became Disconnected from Nature
• Disconnection from nature: Expanding our understanding of human–nature
relations

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Question 5: With deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal
species are becoming endangered and some are even facing extinction. Do you think it is
important to protect animals? What can be done to deal with this problem?

The importance of preserving animals Solutions to resolve the problem

• Each species plays a specific role in its • Implement and enforce
ecosystem, contributing to the balance stronger laws and regulations
and resilience of ecological communities. against illegal hunting
• Many animals are important models in (poaching), wildlife trade,
scientific research that lead to medical and habitat destruction.
breakthroughs and understanding of • Establishing and expanding
various biological processes. protected areas like national
• Numerous animals have significant parks and wildlife reserves.
cultural, spiritual, and economic • Educating the public about
importance to different communities the importance of wildlife
around the world. Wildlife tourism, for conservation can foster a
instance, is a major source of income for culture of protection and
many countries. respect for animals.
Reference:
• 10 Reasons Wild Animals are So Important & Why we Should Protect Them
• 10 Easy Things You Can Do To Save Endangered Species

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 TOPIC 11: LANGUAGE

Practice questions

1. Question: A few languages are increasingly spoken in different countries, while the
use of others is rapidly declining. Is it a positive or negative development?
2. Question: The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most
prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming
the only language to be spoken legally. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
learning one language in the world?
3. Question: As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is
a waste of time. To what extent do you agree?

55
 Main points
Question 1: A few languages are increasingly spoken in different countries, while the use
of others is rapidly declining.
Is it a positive or negative development?

Benefits of the increasing prevalence Drawbacks to the increasing prevalence of

of some languages in different
countries
• The dominance of certain
languages facilitates global
communication and
understanding.
• The increasing prevalence of
some languages promotes
greater international trade.
• The spread of a language
promotes cultural exchange.
some languages in different countries
• The rapid decline of less widely
spoken languages can lead to their
extinction.
• The decline of a language often means
the loss of cultural stories, history, and
knowledge that are tied to that
language.
• Speakers of minority languages may
face discrimination, as their language
is marginalized.

Reference:
• The advantages and disadvantages of a global language
• English as a Universal Language: The Pros and Cons
• Dangers of a Global Language

Question 2: The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most

prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming
the only language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?

Advantages of learning one language in Disadvantages of learning one

the world
• Learning one language that
dominates global business can
provide individuals with a
competitive edge in the job market.
• Learning global languages can help
eliminate language barriers.
language in the world
• The dominance of one language
can contribute to cultural
homogenization.
• The widespread use of a single
language could lead to the decline
and extinction of many languages.

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 Advantages of learning one language in
the world
• A single global language simplifies
international communication.
Reference:
• Language loss, Identity, and English as an International Language
• The importance of culture, language and identity
• The Benefits Of A Universal Language
Disadvantages of learning one
language in the world
• A universal language could
contribute to a loss of linguistic
and cultural identity for many
communities.

Question 3: As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is

a waste of time.
To what extent do you agree?

Reasons for learning foreign languages Reasons against learning foreign

languages

• Learning a foreign language can • With the advent of advanced

help people deepen a culture’s
understanding.
• Learning a foreign language can
lead to better job opportunities.
• Relying solely on translation
technology can be risky in
situations when the technology
may not be accurate or reliable.
translation tools, people can
communicate easily without the need
of being fluent in the target
language.
• It is more time-saving to use
translation tools to communicate
with foreigners than learning
languages.
• Translation tools capture the true
meaning of the original text while
humans can make mistakes when
learning and translating the meaning.

Reference:
• Translation technology is useful, but should not replace learning languages
• AI Translators: The Future Of Language Learning?
• Why Study a Foreign Language?

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 TOPIC 12: DIFFICULT QUESTIONS

Practice questions

1. Question: Scientists believe that by studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children,

people can predict if that child can become criminals in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?
2. Question: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people
think that the present time is more important. How important is it for individuals and
the country to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?
3. Question: Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending.
Others feel the genders ought to be separated.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4. Question: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between
equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve
more in egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement
are possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual
merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?

58
 Main points
Question 1: Scientists believe that by studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children,
people can predict if those children can become criminals in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?

Crime is determined by genetics How to stop children from turning to

• It is very common for the children
of violent criminals to display
some degree of abnormal
behaviour as children and later in
life.
• Human beings may acquire certain
characteristics that are inherited
from parents.
• Criminals tend to have aggressive
behaviours when they are children.
criminal life
• A large proportion of criminal
behaviour can be prevented by a
supportive family environment.
• If young individuals receive proper
education, they might develop their
cognition to distinguish right from
wrong and avoid illegal activities.

Reference:
• Preventing involvement in crime | nidirect
• Opinion | How to Turn Children Into Criminals - The New York Times
• Children of Organized Crime Offenders: Like Father, Like Child?
• When Crime Is a Family Affair

Question 2: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people
think that the present time is more important. How important is it for individuals and the
country to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?

The importance of future preparation Personal opinion

• Being future-oriented helps • Being present-focused is a

individuals and a nation to handle
upcoming calamities.
• Being future-oriented helps
individuals become motivated and
focused on their goals.
Reference:
precursor to sustainable future
development.
• Being present-focused allows
individuals to quickly address the
problems at hand.

59
 • Are you present or future oriented? - Vancouver Business Journal
• Future or Present? - Is It Better to Be Future-Oriented or Present-Oriented?

Question 3: Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending.
Others feel the genders ought to be separated.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Separate sex at school Mixed sex at school

• There will be a more suitable • Students will get to socialise with the
curriculum for students. opposite sex more often, improving
• A more relaxing environment their communication skills.
as students are not pressured to • With both boys and girls being given
impress the opposite sex. the same opportunity at school, it could
• This breaks gender stereotypes. potentially bridge the equality gap.
• Mixed-sex schools better reflect the real
world, where people of different
genders interact in various contexts.
Reference:
• Are you present or future oriented? - Vancouver Business Journal
• Future or Present? - Is It Better to Be Future-Oriented or Present-Oriented?

Question 4: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between
equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve
more in egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are
possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?

Directly proportional relationship Non-proportional Relationship

• As equality is upheld, personal • Equality is only one of the factors

success can be increased as people
are given equal access to
education, healthcare, economic
opportunities, and other resources.
• In societies with a greater degree
of equality, there is often more
social mobility.
determining one’s success as
evident by the limited number of
successful individuals, despite the
majority of the population being
treated equally.

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Reference:
• Better for Everyone? Egalitarian Culture and Social Wellbeing in Europe |
Social Indicators Research
• How Can We Create an Egalitarian World? | Central European University
• Understanding social mobility | OECD

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