Republic of the Philippines

ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

La Paz, Iloilo City

College of Engineering and Architecture

Electrical Engineering Department

Name: _________________________________ Date Performed: __________________________

Course/Year/Section: _____________________ Date Submitted: __________________________

EE 25 ELECTRICAL MACHINES 2
AC Machines (LAB)

ACTIVITY No. 04

DETERMINATION OF WORKING CHARACTERISTICS

(This experiment is performed on asynchronous single phase and three phase squirrel cage and slip ring motors.)

4.1 OBJECTIVES

Find the motor's load characteristics by loading it with a brake dynamo.

Measure the torque and mechanical power at various load conditions.

Calculate the motor efficiency.

Plot the load characteristics for analysis.

4.2 THEORETICAL REVIEW

The motor drives a loaded brake dynamo whose stator is mounted on bearings and capable of oscillating.
Since the torque between its stator and rotor is proportional to the generated electrical power, a dynamometer
installed on its stator to counteract its rotation gives a reading of the motor's torque.

The torque's value can be read in two ways:

- by a load cell connected to a torque meter
- by an arm and weights system

The torque can be varied by varying the dynamo's electric load.

The measured torque includes the losses on bearings, ventilation and on collector brushes. However, they
are small and do not affect significantly the experiment's results.

4.3 FORMULAE

PARAMETER SYMBOL UNIT

Armature Voltage V Volts

Armature Current I Amperes
Arm Length a m
1
 Weight G N
Torque T Nm
Speed n RPM
Excitation Current Ie Amperes
Input Power Pi Watts
Output Power Po Watts
Power 1 W1 Watts
Power 2 W2 Watts
Efficiency 

T = G×a

T
Po = 2 × π × n × ——
60

Pi = W1 + W2 = √3 × V ×I × cosφ

Pi
Cos = ——— single phase motors
V×I

Pi
Cos = ————— three phase motors
√3 × V × I

Po
 = ——
Pi

4.4 INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

Three Phase Squirrel Cage Motor Model A4220

Slip Ring Motor Model A4222
Two Speed Motor Model A4224
Single Phase Capacitor Motor Model A4230 – A4232
Single Phase Universal Motor Model A4234
Single Phase Repulsion Motor Model A4236
Single Phase Shaded poles Motor Model A4238
Braking DC Generator Model A4430
Eddy Current Brake Model A4420 (alternative to
A4430)
Torque Meter and Load Cell Model A4730/31
Coupling Base Model A4840
Power Supply Model A0245
Resistive Load Model A4510

2
 Cables Model A4890
Cables Support Model A4891
Tachometer Model A4725
Ammeter (A1, A2) With adequate range/precision for this test
Voltmeter (V) With adequate range/precision for this test
Wattmeter (W1, W2) With adequate range/precision for this test
Frequency meter (F) (Optional)

4.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

Theoretical Diagrams

Three Phase Motors A4220, A4222, A4224

(On Slip Ring motor A4222 short circuit the ring brushes)

Slip Ring Motor A4222 with Starting Rheostat A4620 connected to Slip Ring Brushes. Start the motor with full
rheostat resistance and gradually decrease it paying attention not to exceed nominal current of the rheostat.

3
Single Phase Motors A4232, A4234, A4236, A4238

4
Electrical Diagram

5
4.6 PROCEDURE

The components must be connected as shown in the circuit diagrams and must be grounded. The motor must be
coupled to the brake dynamo.

MANUAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Set the armature voltage DC2 and drive motor voltage AC = 0 (or, if used, the starting and excitation rheostats to
maximum resistance).

Level the dynamo by putting weights and counterweights on the graduated arm. Lock the counterweight.

Switch the power supply on. Start the motor and ensure that the rotation is opposite to that caused by the weight. If
necessary, exchange weights or rotation. Increase its load by reducing the resistive load resistance gradually.

Move the weight to obtain the maximum Load/Nominal-Load ratio indicated in the attached worksheet table.

Load the dynamo by varying the resistive load and level it by adjusting the excitation voltage.

Check and if necessary adjust the dynamo nominal voltage

Enter the read values in the worksheet table

Move the weight to the other measurement values and repeat the above procedure Plot the graphs of the load
characteristics

Notes: Measurements should be made as quick as possible to avoid overheating. The use of the frequency meter is
not strictly necessary and may be omitted.

6
4.7 WORKSHEETS

Three Phase

Parameter Symbol Unit Value

Load / Nominal Load % 125 100 75 50 25

Armature Voltage V V

Armature Current I A
Arm Length a m

Torque T Nm

Speed n rpm

Excitation Current Ie A

Input Power Pi W

Output Power Po W
Power 1 W1 W

Power 2 W2 W

Efficiency 

Single Phase

Parameter Symbol Unit Value

Load / Nominal Load % 125 100 75 50 25

Armature Voltage V V
Armature Current I A

Arm Length a m

Torque T Nm

Speed n rpm
Excitation Current Ie A

Input Power Pi W

Output Power Po W

Efficiency 

Machine Model:

7
 I
n
T


8
OBSERVATION/CONCLUSION:

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