المحور الثاني تشريح و فيزيولوجية الجهاز العصبي

‫جامعة يحي فارس – المدية ‪-‬‬
‫محاضرات في علم النفس‬

‫الفسيولوجي‬
‫المحور الثاني‬
‫(تشريح و فسيولوجية الجهاز العصبي)‬
‫األستاذ‪:‬أسمع‪.‬الوناس‬
‫‪1027 1028‬‬
‫]‪[ www.univ-medea.dz/fr/‬‬
‫اسمع‬. ‫األستاذ الوناس‬ ‫محاضرات علم النفس الفسيولوجي‬ 2018/7102
Physiology and Anatomy of Nervous System)
Nerve cells :
: Nervous Tissues 1
Neurons Nerve cells I
Neuron Neuron 1
01
2
1
2
2
3
Dendrites
Receiving part.
Nerve endings
Synapse.
Myelin Sheath
Neurolemma .
Nodes of Ranvier
Schwann’s
Conducting part Cells.
Motor End Plate.
3
‫األستاذ الوناس ‪.‬اسمع‬ ‫محاضرات علم النفس الفسيولوجي‬ ‫‪2018/7102‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪0 3‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 1 3‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪2 1 3‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪3 1 3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0 3‬‬
‫‪:Unipolar‬‬ ‫‪1 2 3‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪Spinal Ganglia‬‬
‫‪: Bipolar‬‬ ‫‪2 2 3‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪: Multipolar‬‬ ‫‪3 2 3‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 4‬‬
‫‪K+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Na + + + + + + + + + + +‬‬
‫‪K+‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪------------ ------‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪2 4‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Na - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪+ + + + + + + + + + + ++‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
Glial Cells -II
Neuroglia 1
Central Nervous System

Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Neuroglia
Microglia Ependymal Cells
Peripheral Nervous System
90% % 08
Glia
Astrocytes: 1 2
Protoplasmic Astrocyte (
Fibrous astrocyte Grey Matter
White Matter )
.
-
Foot Processes
8
.
Blood Brain Barrier -
.
( -
. )
-
-
.
-
.
( Astrocytoma
)
.
Oligodendrocytes: 2 2
White Matter
Oligodendroglioma Multiple Sclerosis

.
Ependymal Cells: 3 2
Central Canal
Ependymocyte
Choroid Plexus
). Tanycytes (
Ependymomas (
( Choroid Plexus Papillomas)
9
. )
Microglia: 4 2
White Matter Grey Matter
Schwan Cells : 5 2
.
) (
Demyelinating Neuropathies ) (
Schwanomas) (
Neurofibromatosis Type I) 1 (
Neurofibromin) (
. Cerebellopontine Angle
: 80
01
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Ionic Composition‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪ExtraCellular Fluids‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪Synapse‬‬
‫‪Neurotransmetteurs‬‬
‫‪Synapse‬‬ ‫‪-I‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪).‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪nm511‬‬ ‫‪211‬‬

‫‪nm 0111‬‬ ‫‪nm 511‬‬ ‫‪nm‬‬
‫‪02‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪0 3‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪0 3‬‬
‫‪3 3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪03‬‬
II
Neurotransmetteurs
1
(Terminal Buttons)
10,000
(Action potential/Potentield’action)
(Precursors) Synthesis .2
(Peptides)
Storage. 3
(Vesicles/Visicules)
4
.
(Exocytosis/Release) 5
(Sending neurone)
(Synaptic eleft).
04
Autorecepters 6
.
Receptor Interaction 7
(Receiving neurone)
(Affinity) (Receptors)
Receptor
Deactivation 8
Enzymatic degradation 1 8
(Acetylcholinesterase)
(Acetate) (Choline)
(Neostigmine) (Acetylcholinesteraseinhibitaors)
(Mysthenia Gravis)
.
(Reuptake) 2 8
(Transporter)
(Monoamine Oxidase MAO) (Monoamine)
05
: 1 9
excitatory 1 1 9
Acetylcholine Glutamic acid
inhibitory 2 1 9
Glycine Gamma-aminobutyric acid
2 9
.
Excitatory Amino Acids: 1 2 2
Agonists
(non- (NMDA) Ionotropic Receptors
NMDA)
. Excitotoxic Cell Death
( Metabotropic Receptors
)
.
Monoamines: 2 2 9
Monoaminergic Systems
06
‫‪Neuropeptides:‬‬ ‫‪3 2 9‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‬ ‫(‬
‫‪- Hyperekplexia‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪Collapse‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪07‬‬
Dementia of the Alzheimer type ) ( Parkinson's Disease
:
.
:
.
11
0
7
3
4
5
6
2
08
‫‪33‬‬
‫‪0 00‬‬
‫‪Ca++‬‬
‫‪Ca++‬‬
‫‪NA+‬‬
‫‪NA+‬‬
‫‪K+‬‬
‫‪09‬‬
K+ NA+
34 .
12
.
MOOD DISORDERS
Panic disorders Anxiety disorders Mania Depression
obsessive compulsive disorders Phobias
generalized anxiety disorder .
.
Mood disorders
21
Schizophrenia
Anxiety
mood disorders . disorders
% .41
20
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪:-‬‬
‫‪0 03‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪51 31‬‬
‫‪023‬‬
‫‪87%‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪0 03‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪3 03‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪4 03‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪5 03‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪Nervous System‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪26‬‬
1 2
Spinal Cord Brain
0411 1 1 2
:
Cerebrum 1
Medulla Pons Midbrain Brainstem 2
Oblongata
Cerebellum 3
27
22
Cerebrum 1 1 1 2
13
Cerebral Cortex
White Grey Matter
Ganglion Nucleus Matter
28
Medial Longitudinal Fissure

Left Cerebral Right Cerebral Hemisphere
Hemisphere
Cerebral Hemisphere Dominant
Gyrus Gyri
1 1 1 1 2
2 1 1 1 2
29
44
4
Frontal Lobe
Broca's Area
Motor Aphasia
Central Sulcus Precentral Gyrus

Motor Cortex
31
Parietal Lobe
Postcentral Gyrus
Sensory Cortex
1
2
Agnosia 3
4
Apraxia 6
Body Image 7
Perceptive Aphasia
Superior Temporal Gyrus Temporal Lobe

Marginal Gyrus Supramarginal Gyrus
Dyslexia
30
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Selective Attention‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪Occipital Lobe‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪33‬‬
Corpus Callosum
Cingulate Gyrus
Limbic system
Third Ventricle Ventricle Lateral
Foramina of Munro Interventricular Foramen
of Sylvius Aqueduct Fourth Ventricle
Central Canal
CerebroSpinal Fluid
20
Medulla Pons Midbrain Brainstem 2

Oblongata
2 Midbrain 1 2
Cerebellum
34
Pons 0 0
Medulla Oblongata 3 0
Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerves
Cerebellum 3
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
35
22
Spinal Cord
12
Olfactory Nerve 1
Optic Nerve 2
Oculomotor Nerve 3
Sympathetic Fibers
Accommodation Reflex Light reflex
Trochlear Nerve 4
Nerve Trigeminal 5
Abducens Nerve 6
Facial Nerve 7
Parasympathetic
Fibers
36
Nerve Vestibulcochlear 8
Nerve Glossopharyngeal 9
Parasympathetic Fibers Vagus Nerve 11
Accessory Nerve 11
Hypoglossal Nerve 12
20
Vertebral Column Vertebral Canal
Cauda Equina
Posterior Horn Anterior Horn H
Lateral Horn
Root Motor
37
Sensory Root
Spinocerebellar Tract
Spinothalamic Tract
Thalamus
Corticospinal Tract
20
Spinal Segments
31
38
Cervical Segments (C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8) 0 
Thoracic Segments (T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10,T11,T12) 12 
Lumbar Segments (L1,L2,L3,L4,L5) 0 
Sacral Segments (S1,S2,S3,S4,S5) 0 
Coccygeal Segment 1 
Spinal Nerves
T1 Spinal Nerve
T1 Spinal Segment
11
39
System Autonomous Nervous
Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System
T1 Preganglionic Sympathetic Fiber

Sympathetic L2
Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers Chain
4 Ganglion Lumbar 4 Thoracic Ganglion 11
3 Sacral Ganglion
Sacral Segments
S2,S3,S4
41
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪Sympathetic System‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫‪Parasympathetic System‬‬
‫‪3 2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪43‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪44‬‬
meninges
dura meninges 0
pia mater arachnoid mater mater
endostal layer
meningeal layer
middle
meningeal artery
subdural space
cerebrospinal fluid subarachnoid space
subarachnoid
cisternae
45
arachnoid velli
arachnoid granulations
C.S.F
10
II
lumbar puncture
46
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪meningitis‬‬
‫‪meninges‬‬
‫‪1 3‬‬
‫‪Hib‬‬
‫‪méningococcies‬‬
‫‪A,B,C‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪0092‬‬
‫‪47‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪05‬‬
‫‪2 3‬‬
‫‪0992‬‬ ‫‪Weichselbaum‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪0015‬‬ ‫‪0014‬‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫‪0099‬‬ ‫‪0092‬‬
‫‪0099‬‬
‫‪4 3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪septicemia‬‬
‫‪48‬‬
‫‪DIC‬‬
‫‪shock‬‬
‫‪endotoxin‬‬
‫‪5 3‬‬
‫‪C.S.F‬‬
‫‪lumbar puncture‬‬
‫‪6 3‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪74‬‬
‫‪7 3‬‬
‫‪49‬‬
‫‪8 3‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪W135,A,C,Y‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
(Neuropsychological Evaluation)
(
.
)
(t.a.t)
(Test Batteries)
Thoroughness -0
Ease and Cost -7
-3
50
Adaptability -4
Flexibility - 5
Halstead – Reitan .0
Luria’s Neuropsychological Investigation .7
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery .3
1 2 1
Category Test -0
Finger Oscillation Test -7
Flicker Fusion Test -3
The Speech Sounds Perception Test -4
Tactile Performance Test -5
The Trail Making Test -6
The Strength of the Grip Test -2
The Sensory Perceptual Examination -9
The Finger Localization Test -0
Test The Finger Tip Number Writing Perception - 01
The Tactile Form Recognition Test - 00
Aphasia Screening Test - 07
2 2 1
Cerebral Dominance -0
Motor functions -7
Acousticmotor organization 3
52
cutaneous functions Higher 4
Stereognosis
Higher visual functions 5
Spatial orientation
6
-7
-8
Narrative speech
-9
- 13
- 11
- 12
processes Intellectual 13
Discursive intellectual activit

53
3 0 0
11 269
Motor functions -0
Rhythm functions -7
Tactile functions -3
Visual functions -4
Receptive functions -5
Expressive functions -6
Reading functions 8 Writing functions -2
Arithmetic functions -0
Memory functions - 01
Intellectual functions - 00
Pathognomonic -0
Lt. Sensorimotor -7
Rt. Sensorimotor -3
Composite Batteries Informal
Montreal Neurological Investigation 1 3 1
1
Handedness questionnaires
Dichotic Words
2
Academic skills 3
Visuoperceptual 4
Rey Complex Figure
Mooney Faces
54
-5
Facial Memory Test
-6
Somatosensory -2
Passive movements
Point localization
Two-points discrimination
8
9 Chapman-Cook Speed of Reading

Blocks Corsi Recurring
- 01
Test Wisconsin
Card Sorting
Chicago Word-
Fluency test
- 00
Hand dynamometer
55
Finger Tapping
Box Test Kimora
copy Facial movement Complex arm
Boston Process Approach 2 3 1

Perceptual functions Intellectual -0
-7
-3
-4
-5
3 3 1
-0
-7
Trail Making Test (TMT -3
4 3 1
-1
Torque Test -2
-3
Functional versus Organic 1

2
(Minimal Brain Dysfunction)
(Mental Deterioration) 4
-5
-6
-7
Speech Lateralization
56
Acquired Dyscalculia -8
-9
- 14
- 11
- 12
- 13
Frontal Lobe Tests -1
-2
-3
-4
12 1 1 3
. Category tests
Tactual performance test
Finger tapping test .3
Speech sounds perception test .4
Seashore rhythm test .5
Trail making test .6
Strength of grip test .2
Sensory perception test .9
Tactile finger localization test .0
57
Fingertip number writing test .01
Tactile form recognition test .00
Aphasia screening test .07
16 2 1 3
.0
.7
.3
Marching test .4
.5
.6
.2
Fingertip symbol writing test .9
.0
.01
Color form test .00
Progress figure test .07
Matching picture test .03
Target test .04
Matching figures & Matching V’s test V) .05
.Drawing of star and concentric square .06
11 3 1 3
Motor test .0
.7
.3
.4
58
.5
Expressive .6
Writing .2
Reading .9
Arithmetic .0
.01
.00
4 1 3
Simultaneous Processing Scale
.0
4 5 2 Face recognition .7
5 12 5 2 Gestalt closure .3
5 12 4 Triangles .4
12.5 5 Matrix analogies .5
5 12 5 Spatial memory .6
5 12 6 Photo series .2
Sequential Processing Scale

5 12 5 2 Hand movements .1
5 12 5 2 Number recall .2
5 12 4 Word order .3
Achievement subtests
4 2.5 Expressive vocabulary
5 12 5 2 Faces & Places .7
5 12 3 .3
5 12 3 Riddles .4
5 12 5 .5
5 12 7 .6
59
2 3
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
- 11
Autism - 12
Attention Deficit Disorders - 13
Conduct Disorders - 14
Attention - 1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
61
Alzheimer’s disease 1
Pick’s disease -2
Jackob-Creutzfeldt Disease -3
Parkinson’s disease -4
Multi-infarct dementia -5
Gresham Ward Questionnaire 4

5
5
Chief complaint & its history 1
Background informations -7
Intellectual & Cognitive functioning -3
Motor Performance -4
Memory Functioning -5
Perceptual Motor Functioning

Personality Tests 8
Conclusion & Recommendations
60

المحور الثاني تشريح و فيزيولوجية الجهاز العصبي

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المحور الثاني تشريح و فيزيولوجية الجهاز العصبي

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‫جامعة يحي فارس – المدية ‪-‬‬

‫محاضرات في علم النفس‬

Physiology and Anatomy of Nervous System)

Neurons Nerve cells I

Motor End Plate.

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪0 3‬‬

‫‪:Unipolar‬‬ ‫‪1 2 3‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 4‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Na + + + + + + + + + + +‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪------------ ------‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪2 4‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Na - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -‬‬

‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪+ + + + + + + + + + + ++‬‬

Glial Cells -II

Central Nervous System

Oligodendroglioma Multiple Sclerosis

‫‪Ionic Composition‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪nm511‬‬ ‫‪211‬‬

(Monoamine Oxidase MAO) (Monoamine)

‫‪Neuropeptides:‬‬ ‫‪3 2 9‬‬

Dementia of the Alzheimer type ) ( Parkinson's Disease

‫‪Nervous System‬‬ ‫)‬

Spinal Cord Brain

Medial Longitudinal Fissure

Central Sulcus Precentral Gyrus

Superior Temporal Gyrus Temporal Lobe

Medulla Pons Midbrain Brainstem 2

Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerves

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Parasympathetic Fibers Vagus Nerve 11

Vertebral Column Vertebral Canal

Posterior Horn Anterior Horn H

Cervical Segments (C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8) 0 

Thoracic Segments (T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10,T11,T12) 12 

Lumbar Segments (L1,L2,L3,L4,L5) 0 

Sacral Segments (S1,S2,S3,S4,S5) 0 

System Autonomous Nervous

Sympathetic Nervous System

T1 Preganglionic Sympathetic Fiber

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪meningitis‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

cutaneous functions Higher 4

Discursive intellectual activit

9 Chapman-Cook Speed of Reading

Boston Process Approach 2 3 1

Functional versus Organic 1

Speech sounds perception test .4

Seashore rhythm test .5

Trail making test .6

Strength of grip test .2

Sensory perception test .9

Tactile finger localization test .0

Fingertip number writing test .01

Tactile form recognition test .00

Aphasia screening test .07

Fingertip symbol writing test .9

Color form test .00

Progress figure test .07

Matching picture test .03

Target test .04

Matching figures & Matching V’s test V) .05

.Drawing of star and concentric square .06

12.5 5 Matrix analogies .5

Sequential Processing Scale