JENIFER CABANGIN

BAPOS 4A

Activity:
I. True or False. Write true if the statement is correct and false if the statement is
not true. Write your answers on the spaces provided.
False 1. In Binan, Rizal’s teacher was Fr. Jose Burgos.
True 2. Fr. Magin Ferrnado was the school registrar who did not admit Rizal’s enrolment
at first in Ateneo.
True 3. Fr. Manuel Xeres Burgos, brother of Fr. Jose Burgos helped Rizal in his enrolment
at Ateneo.
True 4. Rizal graduated with an award of sobresaliente at Ateneo.
True 5. Rizal was prompted to study ophthalmology at the University of Santo Tomas
after his mother lost her sight.
False 6. The University of Santo Tomas then was administered with Jesuits.
False 7. Despite of the discrimination that he suffered in the said institution, he
received his four-year practical training in medicine at Ospital de San Juan de Dios in
Mandaluyong.
True 8. In his last year at medical school, he received a mark of sobresaliente in courses
of Patologia Medica (Medical Pathology), Patología Quirúrgica (Surgical Pathology) and
Obstretics.
False 9. At Heidelberg, the 25-year-old Rizal, completed in 1887 his eye specialization
under the renowned professor, Louis de Wecker.
True 10. Rizal was a polymath, skilled in both science and the arts. He painted, sketched,
and made sculptures and woodcarving.
II. Essay: Compare the educational system of the Philippines during Rizal’s time and the
educational system today. Explain your answer and send it through softcopy or take a
photo of your answer and send it through messenger. (10 points)

 Industrial Era vs Technology Era - during Rizal's time, machineries are newly
emerging to help aid work and other facets of the society such as education. In
their time, the only option is traditional printouts for books to cover for lesson,
writing on notebooks or blackboards while now, students can opt for: Online
distance learning and Blended learning.

 Language - during the Spanish occupation, learning Spanish language was

important. However since the American colonization up to now, English had
become the second language among Filipino students. It became the universal
language to converse and it is widely use of many people for greater
opportunities.

 Equality - only the “ilustrados” or elite Filipino children of wealthy families can
afford to go in school during the 18th century. Additionaly, the “mestizo” or
“mestiza” half-bred Filipino-Spanish offsprings are either treated badly by pure
Spaniards or “glorified” by the Filipinos for their fair complexion.

 Poor & Wealthy - The disparity between educated wealthy Filipino & the illiterate
poor Filipino was so great then. Now, public schools offer free education as
implemented in the Philippines Constitution. This creates an opportunity for the
poor to alleviate their economic status and provide growth or improvement in
living conditions.

 Gender - boys are encouraged to finish formal education to become doctors etc.
while girls are encouraged to learn informal education home activities (e.g.
cooking & sewing) to become “housewives”. Now, there is an equal opportunity
for both men & women to do jobs on any fields without discrimination as written
in the Gender and Development (GAD) program. During the Spanish occupation
as well, since there is strong religious Catholic teachings, being a “homosexual”
was condemned, while now, non-Catholic school institution are becoming more
“open” to this concept and understanding to the equal rights of those in the LGBT
community.
 “Maria Clara” image - during Rizal's time, it is important to preserve the chastity
of women especially those out of marriage, that unwed couples (lived in) are
ostracized by the community. Girls are also expected to be behave and well-
dressed without showing their body parts to avoid indecency. Now, girls are
more open to the thought of dressing up clothings of the modern time which
does not fit the mold of the “Maria Clara” image ages ago. This is heavily
influenced by the modern media and the “liberated” ways the US had imparted
with the Filipinos during their occupation. Filipino students now can wear what
they want as long as it follows the dress code, not inhibited to the traditional
ways before.

 Grade Levels - during Rizal's time, some schools allow finishing Grades 1 to 6 will
allow you to finish or graduate in basic education, while now Kinder & Grades 1
to 12 are encouraged in the curriculum. Tutoring for scholarly development is still
the same as it is before.

 Teachers - during the Spanish occupation, Catholic churches manages schools in

Luzon & Visayas regions, thus priests (those who are friars are the ultimate
authority, higher than the gobernador-heneral) and Spanish teachers were
normal during their time. Filipinos who have achieved higher education also
provide education for their communities, but this was a minor number. Now,
majority of the teachers are Filipino graduates with different backgrounds and
religions.

 Teacher-centered vs. Student-centered education - before, teachers are the

primary source of learning, now teachers assist students towards learning.
Teachers are also considered before as the “ultimate correct", and any
adversaries or disobedience are given with corporal punishment. Now, students
are protected under the Woman & Child Protection Act to avoid any humiliation,
or corporal punishment.

 Liberty & Democracy - during Rizal's time, any opposition with the government,
or anything inciting to it, including students, are considered a treason on to the
Spanish government. They are either sent to jail or publicly executed to instill fear
among Filipinos to avoid revolution (which is what will happen eventually). Now,
in a democratic government, students can freely demonstrate against the
 government if they do not agree with something (e.g. UP rally) without fear of
being punished; as long as it follows any current laws or rules amended in the
current times (e.g rallies usually is allowed only in a certain area and time, not
obeying the limitations will be deemed a criminal offense).

 Separation of church and law - Friars are higher in command than the
gobernador-heneral (chieftain of a province, like a modern day “governor” of a
province) who controls the military and maintains law enforcement. For this very
reason, Catholic Church was a very prominent “powerhouse”; controlling law,
religion and education during Rizal's time. In the current 1987 Constitution of the
Republic of the Philippines, it is mandated that there should be a separation
between the Church and the law; unlike what it was during the Spanish
occupation.

 Religion is a Major Subject - both formal/informal education in Christianity &

Islam religions incorporate their religious teachings as part of education. In the
18th century, memorizing prayers and spiritual practices was necessary and
viewed as a major subject of the curriculum. Now in the 21st century, some non-
religious schools offer elective/minor subject for such subjects without forcing
them to learn it on their educational pursuits, especially in college. Even Catholic
schools who offers such religious subjects treat them as “minor subjects”, though
they are at most times forced to be taught regardless of one's religion since it is
part of the school's identity. Prayers and good deeds are incorporated on
“Edukasyon as Pagpapakatao” (ESP) for basic education and its equivalent Good
Manners & Right Conduct (GMRC) in the K-12 curriculum; are both treated as
minor subjects.