❖ understanding their level

❖ understanding how they need to

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
receive the information

Barriers of Communication
LESSON 1 ❖ physical noise
❖ physiological issues
❖ cultural difference
Communication ❖ varying levels of expectations and
- art of creating and sharing ideas for a experiences
specific purpose ❖ difference in perspectives and
communication styles
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
Verbal use of language, sounds,
COMMUNICATION
and tone of voice
Clarity ● message should
Non-Verbal includes body language
be clear by using
and facial expressions
appropriate
language and
Written through journals, emails,
communication
blogs, and text messages
channels
● the reason for
Visual involves signs, symbols, sending and
pictures, graphics, and receiving the
emojis message must be
understood by
Effective Communication both sender and
receiver
- a key interpersonal skill
- say what you mean
Conciseness ● message should
- information is transmitted without be as brief
changing both the content and the ● message should
context of the message be devoid of
- dependent on how rich those ideas are, trivial details
and how much of those ideas are
Completeness ● message should
retained
be complete and
accurate
Audience ● background
- refers to anyone who is expected to information
receive the message you are sending should be given
to provide better
Audience Analysis context
- key element in effective
Organization ● ensure the
communication systematic flow of
- a skill which an effective ideas and
communicator must have transition from
- asks about: “who will actually receive one point to
your message?” and “what do they another
need to know?”
Empathy ● sender of the
message should
Skills on Audience Analysis be sensitive to
❖ knowing the audience
 - may be attributed to culture or
the needs and
interests of the personal preferences
receiver - influences the communication process
● speaker must even before it begins
always be - eliminates a people’s personal identity
conscious of the and individuality
reaction of the - happens when people take their past
listener
experiences and make certain
Flexibility ● communicator assumptions that the same experience
adapt to the will happen
varying needs
and expectations Most Common Prejudice
of their audience, ❖ age
and modify the ❖ gender orientation
message
❖ religious belief
❖ race
Globalization ❖ social-economic status
- key to the worldwide integration of ❖ physical conditions
humanity
- entails changing the way people Commitment in Communication
communicate to others - key component of ethical
communication
Digital Technology - involves volunteering important
- erased territorial boundaries among information as it is for the benefit of the
countries and among people with majority
varying cultures
Belly Button Psyche
Multiculturalists - believed to communicate true interest
- people who are engaged with and while engaging in face-to-face
respectful of people with different communication
culture - most important indicator of reading a
person’s intention
- means the direction of a person’s navel
ETHICAL VS UNETHICAL
reflects his/her true interest
Ethical Unethical
Communication Communication
LESSON 2
happens when the happens when an
communication is intent to conceal the Communication Style
genuine, open, truth, or bring - refers to the choices people make and
cooperative and damage to any the strategies or tools they use in the
sensitive to one’s organization, group process of communication
cultural and social or individual person - may depend on the demands of the
beliefs and practices communication communicative situation and needs
and requirements of the target
Two (2) Major Elements that affect Ethical recipients
Communication
❖ use of words or language Two (2) Dimensions of Communication Style
❖ behavior and body language ❖ assertiveness level
❖ emotiveness level
Prejudice

ASSERTIVENESS LEVEL
High Assertive tend to tell or instruct
others what to do and
sometimes even how to do
it
Low Assertive tend to be on the receiving
end, often asking for
guidance, instructions or
directions
EMOTIVENESS LEVEL
High Expressive show their real feelings
and emotions through
facial expressions, tone of
voice, or language use
Low Expressive tend to either hide their
feelings or exert some
effort for these feelings not
to show
Communication Styles Matrix
- developed by Dr. Eileen M. Russo
- shows four different communication
styles: direct, spirited, systematic and
considerate
COMMUNICATION STYLES
Spirited High Expressiveness + High
Assertiveness
Considerate High Expressiveness + Low
Assertiveness
Direct Low Expressiveness + High
Assertiveness
Systematic Low Expressiveness + Low
Assertiveness
Language Varieties
- also called lects
- refer to the different variants of a
language
- can be sufficiently delimited from one
another in terms of: social, historical, or
geo-spatial factors
Classification of Language Varieties
❖ Pidgin
❖ Creole
❖ Regional Dialect
❖ Minority Dialect
❖ Indigenized Varieties
Pidgin
- a new language that develops into
situations where speakers of different
languages need to communicate but
do not share a common language
- Examples: (1) Chavacano = Philippines,
(2) Bislama = Vanuatu
Creole
- a pidgin that becomes the first
language of the children
- the mother tongue of a certain
community
- Examples: (1) Gullah and (2) Patwa =
Jamaica
Regional Dialect
- a variety of a language spoken in a
particular area of a country
- Examples: (1) Cebuano, (2) Waray, (3)
Ilocano, and (4) Hiligaynon = Philippines
Minority Dialect
- used as a marker of identity by the
members of a particular minority
ethnic group
- Example: Sinama = Badjaos
Indigenized Varieties
- spoken mainly as second languages in
former colonies with multilingual
populations
- Example: Singlish = Singaporean
English
Language Registers
- characterized by the way a speaker uses
language differently in different social
circumstances
Factors that determines Language Registers
❖ social atmosphere
❖ purpose of communication
❖ audience
❖ general context of the discourse
Classification of Language Registers Language can also be classified as:
❖ Formal ❖ Formal
❖ Casual ❖ Informal
❖ Intimate ❖ Neutral
❖ Frozen
❖ Consultative Formal
Formal - appropriate for professional situations
- used in professional, academic, or legal - Examples: (1) speaking to a supervisor
settings and (2) writing an invitation letter
- communication is expected to be
respectful, uninterrupted, and Informal
restrained to specific rules - commonly conversational
- slang is never used - Example: speaking/writing to a friend
- Examples: (1) research paper, (2)
government documents, (3) business Neutral
letters, and (4) business presentations - non-emotional and laden with facts
- Examples: (1) research and (2) technical
Casual writing
- used when communicating with
friends, close acquaintances,
colleagues, and family members
GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING
- Examples: (1) birthday parties and (2) INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
family gatherings
1. Refrain from forming expectations
Intimate based solely on your culture.
- reserved for special occasions 2. Remove personal biases or any
- usually between only two people and stereotype that may impede
understanding.
often in private
3. Make a personal commitment to
- Examples: (1) inside joke between two develop communication skills
people and (2) sweet nothings appropriate in multicultural settings.
whispered to someone

Frozen LESSON 3
- refers to historic language
- intended to remain unchanged
World Englishes
- Examples: (1) Holy Bible and (2)
- regionally distinct varieties of English
Philippine Constitution
that have arisen in parts of the world
- colonial history of English being used in
Consultative
education, commerce and government
- used in conversations when people are
- Examples: (1) Indian English, (2) West
speaking with someone who has
African English, (3) Singapore English,
specialized knowledge or is offering
and (4) Filipino English
advice
- Tone is often respectful and use
English Language
honorifics
- most widely used language for most
- may be more casual if the relationship
purposes of communication
between or among the communicators
is friendly
Two Extremes that characterize the Problem
- Examples: (1) local television broadcast
of Varieties of English
and (2) consultation with a doctor
 ❖ The goal of national or regional
Transmedia story is told using multiple
identity. delivery channels through a
- use a regional variety of English combination of platforms
with its specific grammar,
structure and vocabulary to
Multimodal Text
affirm their own national or
- requires a creative design concept that
ethnic identity
orchestrates the purposive
❖ The goal of intelligibility.
combination of text, color, photo,
- users of a regional variety
sound, spatial design, language,
should ideally still be readily
gestures, animations and other
understood by users of English
semiotics
everywhere else in the world

Things to Consider upon creating Multimodal

Code-Switching
Text
- using English and another language in
❖ purpose
the same statement
❖ audience
- used as a resort to find a good balance
❖ context
between the identity-intelligibility
extremes
Purpose
- text must be clear on the message and
Multimodality
the reason(s) why the message has to
- a fairly new concept in the general
be delivered
academic setting
- can be a very powerful tool in light of
Audience
digital and multicultural
- nature, interests and sensitivities of the
communication
target audience must be considered
- highlights the significance of
- must not be offensive and hurt people’s
interaction and integration in
sensibilities
constructing a coherent text

Context
Being Multimodal
- message should be clearly delivered
- happens when a text uses two or more
through various semiotic resources
communication modes to make
- consideration of the various situations
meaning
where and how the text will be read by
- shows different ways of knowledge
different people having different
representations and meaning-making
culture
- investigates contributions of semiotic
resources that are co-deployed across
various modalities LESSON 4

MULTIMODAL TEXT Social Media

Paper books, comics, posters,
brochures
Digital slide presentations, blogs,
web pages, social media,
animation, film, video games
Live performance or an event
Hi5, MySpace, and Frienster
- altered how the world operates
- changed the way people relate and
communicate with each other in the
social, economic, and political arenas
- a very powerful communication tool
and platform in the new era of
technology and globalization
 - close competitors to Facebook g. Keyboard-to-screen
- virtually disappeared as shown by very communication
poor performance of market shares
Internet
Technologies - the largest area of language
- enable modern communication development
- fast, convenient, and interactive
communication Digital Discourse
- illuminates social and cultural
Top Reasons for Using Social Media processes under the domain of
❖ filling up spare time sociocultural linguistics
❖ general networking with other people
❖ looking for entertaining content Characteristics of Computer-mediated
❖ sharing photos or videos Communication
❖ sharing one’s opinion ❖ Vernacular
❖ meeting new people ❖ Interpersonal
❖ researching or finding out products to ❖ Spontaneous
buy ❖ Dialogical

Social Responsibilities in Social Media CMC is Vernacular

❖ The Golden Rule of treating others how - it uses language that is common to
you want to be treated is a good people regardless of age, social class,
practice. gender, or race
❖ Do not turn to social media as a way to
harass, demean, or bully someone else. Respelling
❖ Pause before you post, think before you - a resource whose use is subject to a
click. variety of factors
❖ Be responsible in what you post and - increase insecurities in spelling, but
how it could affect your reputation. also tolerance towards typographical
“errors”
New Media - reinterpreted as outcomes of speedy
- refer to highly interactive digital text production
technology
- very easily processed, stored, CMC is Interpersonal
transformed, retrieved, hyper-linked, - relationship-focused rather than
searched for, and accessed subject-oriented
- Examples: (1) blogs, (2) social media, (3) - can be explained by the number of
online newspaper, (4) virtual reality, and Group Chats (GCs) a person has, and
(5) computer games the number of individuals and GCs a
person engages simultaneously
Computer-mediated Communication
- language used in new media Characterization of CMC as Interpersonal
- may be called any of the following: ❖ Turn-taking
a. Netspeak ❖ Topic development
b. Computer-mediated discourse ❖ Back-channels
c. Digital discourse ❖ Repairs
d. Electronic discourse
e. e-communication CMC is Spontaneous
f. Digitally mediated - usually unplanned, unstructured, and
communication sometimes impulsive
 - gave rise to Net Neologisms through Steps in Communication Planning
Lexical Creativity 1. Research and analyze the current
situation.
CMC is Dialogical 2. Establish goals and objectives
- carries expectation of continuous 3. Identify the target audience
exchange 4. Conceptualize on key messages
- reason why most media platforms have 5. Strategize on communication styles
a “Reply” or “Comment” option, while and platform(s).
some have a “Leave a comment” 6. Evaluate and anticipate.
button, to ensure continuous
interaction Communication Strategies in Tech-based
Communication
Characteristics of English Language in the ❖ Keep it simple.
New Media ❖ Emphasize only on key ideas.
❖ Brief ❖ Show what you can’t say.
❖ Multimodal ❖ Keep the number of images you
❖ Ideological present manageable.
❖ Combine variety with coherence.
Brevity ❖ Use large lettering.
- shortness of time
- most readers want brief materials

Multimodality
- most readers want brief materials
- achieved by means of multiple semiotic
resources
- a combination of purposively-designed
text, photo, and/or video are a staple in
new media to make it interactive
Ideologically-motivated
- used to control people and they are
used to resist control
Communication Planning
- involves defining the types of
information you will deliver, who are
the intended recipients of that
information, the format for
communicating it, and the timing of its
release and distribution
- key goal is to make sure everybody gets
the right message at the right time
Purpose of Communication Planning
❖ to inform
❖ to persuade
❖ to prevent misunderstanding
❖ to present a point of view or reduce
barriers
LESSON 5
Good Communication Skill
- helps you and your company meet
desired goals for personal and business
productivity
Oral Communication in Workplace
- skill needed in the company for its
quality performance
- business needs it to communicate
details of information,
- help an employee to initiate personal
plans, lead project undertakings, and
solve pressing problems
- skill needed by an executive and
manager to demonstrate effective
leadership, efficient transaction, quality
performance, and excellent productivity
Team Communication Challenges
- losing trust with others
- poor cooperation among team
members
- the disapproval or disrespect from
colleagues or immediate superior
Communication Challenges
 - refer to the problem when the
manager does not provide feedback or
coaching
- root problems of this issue are
managers' inattention to people they
supervise

Tips to Overcome Communication

Challenges
❖ improving coaching and feedback
especially among the new recruits
❖ setting up mentoring programs with
experienced employees
❖ requiring managers to provide
feedback

Top 10 Communication Issues

1. Failure to Listen
2. Culture Differences
3. Locale or Distance to Office
4. Ego and Attitude
5. Authority or Hierarchy Problems
6. Poorly Written Communication
7. Gender Bias
8. Focus or Listening Problems
9. Inadequate Knowledge
10. Cliques, Groups and Friendships