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GHARANA
GHARANA
ं ु तानी शैल
● Hindustani music is mostly popular in North India.
द
ं ु तानी संगीत यादातर उ र भारत म लोक य है ।
● Dhrupad is considered as the oldest creation of Hindustani music, which is a
creation of Swami Haridas [he was guru of Mian Tansen].
प
ु द को द ं ु तानी संगीत क सबसे परु ानी रचना माना जाता है , जो वामी ह दास
क रचना है ।
● Pandit Jasraj, Bhimsen Joshi and Zakir Hussain are associated with
Hindustani Classical music.
पं त जसराज, भीमसेन जोशी और ा र हुसन ै दं ु तानी शा ीय संगीत से जु े
ह।
● Khyal, Thumri, Tappa, Tarana etc. developed as distinct styles of Hindustani
music.
याल, ठुमर , ट पा, तराना आ द ु तानी संगीत क ट शै य के प म
क त हुए।
Khyal / याल
● Khyal is a Hindustani form of vocal music, adopted from medieval Persian
music.
याल म यकाल न ारसी संगीत से अपनाया गया संगीत का एक द ं ु तानी प
है ।
● Khyal, literally meaning "thought" or "imagination".
याल का शा क अ है " चार" या "क पना"।
● Khyals are also popular for depicting the emotions between two lovers,
situations of ethological significance in Hinduism and Islam.
याल दो े य के बीच क भावनाओं, द ं ू ध और इ लाम म नै क मह व क
य को त करने के ए भी लोक य ह।
● The origination of Khyal is controversial, Many argue that Amir Khusrau
created the style in the late 16th century.
याल क उ प वादा पद है , कई त दे ते ह अमीर खस ु रो ने 16वीं शता द
के अंत म इस शैल का ण या था।
Gharana / घराना
● The word gharana is derived from the Urdu/Hindi word 'ghar', which means
'family' or 'home'.
घराना श द उ / द ं श द ‘घर’ से कला है , सका अ ‘प वार’ या ‘घर’ होता
है ।
● Gharana generally refers to the place from where that musical ideology
originated.
ख्
ें
ैं
ैं
ें
ैं
ख्
ख्
ख़
स्थि
ख्
म्
ल्
ति
ों
ब्
ध्
ी
प्र
मि
त्
ब्दि
चि
र्दू
ल्लि
त्ति
ब्
त्रि
हि
ों
ी
ी
वि
क्ष्
फ़
ी
र्थ
र्जु
नि
रु
ब्
स्
र्मा
वि
ी
लि
कि
ी
नि
र्क
ी
हि
ल्
प्रि
ी
जि
र्म
ष्
प्र
कि
सि
द्
स्
र्थ
रि
त्र
गि
श्र
ति
हि
ी
नि
स्
त्
रू
ब्
य्
ी
ी
घराना सामा य प से उस थान को बताता है जहां से वह संगीता मक चारधारा
क उ प हुई है ।
● Gharanas broadly refer to classical music ideology and differentiate from
one style to another.
घराने यापक तौर पर शा ीय संगीत चारधारा को बताते ह तथा एक शैल से
दस
ू रे शैल म अंतर करते ह।
Dhrupad / प
ु द
● Dhrupad is the oldest existing form of North Indian classical music.
प
ु द उ र भारतीय शा ीय संगीत का सबसे परु ाना मौजद ू ा व प है ।
● The origin of this music is linked to the recitation of Sama Veda, the sacred
Sanskrit text.
इस संगीत क उ प सामवेद के पाठ से जु ी हुई है ।
● Dhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers.
पु द गायन क एक परु ानी शैल है , जो परं परागत प से पु ष गायक वारा क
जाती है ।
● This music is primarily devotional in theme and content.
यह संगीत मु य प से थीम और साम ी म भ पू है ।
● Tansen was one of the most famous Dhrupad singers.
तानसेन सबसे ध प ु द गायक म से एक थे।
● It is performed with a Tambura and a pakhawaj.
इसका गायन तंबरू ा और पखावज के साथ या जाता है ।
ध्र
ैं
ें
ें
ें
ें
प्र
स्
ध्र
ध्र
सि
रु
ज्
ज्
शि
धि
द्
क्ष
त्त
म्र
प्र
भि
प्र
ति
ज्ञ
ी
प्
ख्
ी
ी
ज्
प्र
त्
सि
ी
रू
दि
त्ति
द्
स्
ध्र
त्र
वि
ख्
ी
ी
ी
स्
दि
ों
भि
ग्र
कि
ी
ड़
क्ति
रू
र्ण
ब्
ी
रु
स्
रू
धि
ों
द्
यि
ी
ी
ी
ी
भि
Type of Dhrupad style of Music / संगीत क प
ु द शैल के कार
Thumri / ठुमर
● Thumri is a vocal form of Indian classical music.
ठुमर भारतीय शा ीय संगीत क एक गायन शैल है ।
● There is primacy of taste, color and emotion in it. That is, in which the
beauty of emotion is considered more important than the purity of melody.
इसम रस, रं ग और भाव क धानता होती है । अ त सम राग क शु धता क
तल ु ना म भाव स द को यादा मह वपू माना जाता है ।
● The Bhakti movement has had the greatest influence on this style as love
for Krishna is shown.
इस शैल पर सबसे यादा भाव भ आंदोलन का पड़ा है यो कृ ण के ए
ेम खाया जाता है ।
● The specialty of this style is that the language Hindi or Awadhi or Braj Boli is
used to make it accessible to the general public.
इस शैल क शेषता है इसे आम जनता तक पहुँचाने के ए भाषा द ं या
अवधी या ज बोल का योग या जाता है ।
● The main gharanas of Thumri are in Banaras and Lucknow and the most
famous singer of this style is "Begum Akhtar".
ठुमर के मु य घराने बनारस और लखनऊ म है और इस शैल क सबसे ध
गा का "बेगम अ तर" है ।
ी
ति
ें
ें
ें
ें
ें
ें
ें
कि
प्र
ति
र्त
यि
दि
ी
ी
ी
ी
ब्र
ख्
ी
द्र
वि
कि
ौं
प्र
स्
ख्
र्य
ति
ी
ज्
त्र
धि
नि
मि
प्र
व्
कि
धि
ज्
श्र
ी
प्र
त्
प्र
रि
स्
ति
कि
मि
श्र
ी
क्ति
त्
र्त
रि
र्ण
र्ग
द्
र्था
कि
धि
ी
स्
जि
प्र
कि
ी
ठि
क्
लि
स्थि
ी
कि
ी
ी
ष्
द्
हि
प्र
सि
ी
ी
द्
लि
ी
● Kathak is the main classical dance of North India, whose main gharanas are-
Jaipur Gharana, Lucknow Gharana, Banaras Gharana and Raigarh Gharana.
कथक उ र भारत का मख ु शा ीय न ृ य है , सक मख ु घराने ह- जयपरु
घराना, लखनऊ घराना, बनारस घराना एवं रायग घराना।
Lucknow Gharana
● In the 19th century, the last Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah, patronized
Kathak dance.
● Wajid Ali Shah had patronized the Lucknow Gharana.
● Shri Ishwari Prasad ji, a native of the Handia region in Prayagraj (Allahabad),
was established as the original founder of the Lucknow Gharana of Kathak
dance.
● This gharana is known for the Khayal and Dhrupad styles.
● Pandit Sakharam and Ayodhya Prasad are famous Pakhawaj players of
Lucknow.
● Sarik Ali Khan is a famous Sarangi player.
● Bakhtoor Khan and Modu Khan are known for playing tabla in Lucknow.
● Bindadin Maharaj, Kalkadin Maharaj, Lachhu Maharaj, Shambhu Maharaj
and Birju Maharaj are the prominent Kathak dancers of Lucknow Gharana.
Banaras Gharana
● The third Gharana of Kathak dance is popularly known as Banaras Gharana
or Janaki Prasad Gharana.
● Janaki Prasad was a resident of Varanasi and the brother of the famous
tabla player Pandit Ram Sahay Ji.
● Janaki Prasad was the founder of Benaras Gharana of Kathak.
● Famous thumri singers Girija Devi and Siddheshwari Devi are related to
Banaras songs.
● Shambhu Maharaj and Mannu Mishra are the main Pakhawaj players of
Banaras Gharana.
● Pandit Ramsahay, Pandit Janaki Mishra, Kishan Maharaj and Anokhe Lal
Mishra are the prominent tabla players of Banaras Gharana.
ैं
त्त
प्र
स्
त्र
त्
जि
ढ़
ी
प्र
Raigarh Gharana
● Raigarh is known as the ‘Cultural capital of Chhattisgarh’, Raigarh is famous
for its dance form “Kathak” (as Raigarh Gharana) and classical music.
● Credit goes to Maharaja Chakradhar Singh under whose patronage Raigarh
flourished as a Center of art and culture.
Tappa / ट पा
● Tappa is a distinctive genre of Hindustani music.
ट पा द ं ु तानी संगीत क एक ट शैल है ।
● These songs are mostly in Punjabi language.
ये गीत बहुधा पंजाबी भाषा म होते ह।
● The credit goes to "Shauri Miyan" for establishing them as courtly singing in
the Mughal period.
इ ह मु ल काल म दरबार गायन के प म था त करने का ेय "शौर यां" को
जाता है ।
● Some of its singers are Miya Sodhi, Pandit Laxman Rao of Gwalior and
Shanno Khurana.
इसके कुछ गायक है जैसे - या सोढ़ , वा यर के पं त ल मण राव और श नो
खरु ाना है ।
Tarana / तराना
● Rhythm plays an important role in Tarana style.
तराना शैल म लय क मह वपू भू का होती है ।
● High pitched ragas are used in this.
इसम उ च वर वाले राग का योग या जाता है ।
● Pandit Ratan Mohan Sharma is currently the fastest Tarana singer related to
Mewati.
मेवाती कराने से संबं त पं त रतन मोहन श व मान म सबसे तेज तराना
गायक है ।
● He was given the title of 'Badshah of Tarana' by his fans.
प्
ें
ें
ें
ें
ें
ैं
ें
ें
न्
प्
हि
ग़
च्
स्
ी
स्
धि
ी
ी
ी
त्
मि
डि
प्र
र्ण
वि
शि
मि
कि
ी
रू
ष्
ग्
लि
स्
ी
र्मा
पि
र्त
डि
क्ष्
श्र
ी
मि
न्
इनके शंसक वारा इ ह 'तराना के बादशाह' क उपा दान क गई थी।
Mewati gharana
● The Mewati gharana is a musical Gharana of Hindustani classical music.
● The gharana was founded by brothers Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan and Utd.
Wahid Khan.
● Pandit Jasraj was associated with Mewati gharana of music.
Kirana Gharana Abdul Karim Khan, Abdul Wahid Khan, Firoz Dastur, Gangubai
hungle, Dr Parbha Atre
Patiala Gharana Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Bade Fateh Ali Khan and Ali Bakhsh
Agra Gharana Ustad latafat Hussain, Mohsin Niazi, C R Vyas and Vijay Kitchlu