Work, Energy and Power

Work Done:
​ Work is done when a force is applied on an object to cause it to
move over a distance in the same direction of the force
​ Work done (J) = Force (N) X Distance (m)
​ SI unit of work done = Joule (J)
Energy:
​ Energy is the ability to do work
​ Law of conservation of energy
​ Energy cannot be created or destroyed
​ Instead, Energy is converted from one form to another
​ The total energy in a closed system is constant
​ Examples of energy
​ Gravitational Potential Energy - Energy stored in an object due
to its vertical height above the ground (mgh)
​ Kinetic Energy - Energy possessed by a moving object (½mv²)
​ Sound energy - vibration of object
​ Thermal energy - transfer of energy due to temperature
differences
Important formulas
​ Kinetic Energy (J) = ½mv²
= ½ x Mass x Velocity²
​ Gravitational Potential Energy (J) = mgh
= Mass x Gravity x Height
​ Work done (J) = Nm
= Force (N) x Distance (m)
​ Power (W) = Energy (J) / Time (s)
= J/s
Power
​ Amount of work done per second
​ SI unit = Watts or Joules/s
​ Power (W) = Energy (J) / Time (s)
​ Power (W) = Force X Energy
​ Power (W) = Nm / Time (s)
Efficiency
​ Efficiency = (useful energy output / total energy input) x
100%
​ Eg. Machines useful energy = kinetic energy, however it would
also produce useless energy such as heat and sound energy