საქართველოს ახალი ისტორია (1801-1918) - წ. I

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis
qarTuli universiteti
vaxtang guruli
saqarTvelos axali istoria

(1801-1918)
wigni I
gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~

Tbilisi 2017
winamdebare wigns safuZvlad daedo saqarTvelos axal istoriaSi (1801-1918) wakiTxuli
leqciebis kursi. avtorma leqciebis kiTxva daiwyo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetSi da gaagrZela saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwo-
debulis saxelobis qarTul universitetSi.
wigni gankuTvnilia istoriis specialobisa da zogadad humanitaruli mimarTulebis
studentTaTvis, mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.
naSromis gamosacemad momzadebaSi monawileobdnen: irine tabataZe

tabataZe,, konstantine guruli
guruli,,
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universite-
tis profesorebi, istoriis doqtori gvanca burduli da istoriis doqtori levan jiqia, jiqia,
qarTuli universitetis humanitarul mecnierebaTa da samarTlis fakulitetis studentebi:
giorgi CubiniZe
CubiniZe,, valeri kekenaZe
kekenaZe,, daviT jiblaZe
jiblaZe.
redaqtori: profesori sergo vardosaniZe
recenzentebi: istoriis doqtori levan jiqia

jiqia,
istoriis doqtori gvanca burduli
© vaxtang guruli, 2017
© gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~
ISBN 978-9941-9534-08
ГРУЗИНСКИЙ УНИВЕР СИТЕТ ИМ. АНДРЕЯ ПЕРВОЗВАННОГО
ПАТРИАРХИИ ГРУЗИИ
ВАХТАНГ ГУРУЛИ
НОВАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ГРУЗИИ

(1801-1918)
КНИГА I
© Вахтанг Гурули,, 2017
© ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО “ГРУЗИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ”
ISBN 978-9941-9534-08
ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО “ГРУЗИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ”
ТБИЛИСИ 2017
3
ST. ANDREW THE FIRST-CALLED GEORGIAN UNIVERSITY
OF THE PATRIARCHATE OF GEORGIA
VAKHTANG GURULI
NEW HISTORY OF GEORGIA

(1801-1918)
BOOK I
© Vakhtang Guruli,, 2017
© PUBLISHING HOUSE “GEORGIAN

“ GEORGIAN UNIVERSITY”
ISBN 978-9941-9534-08
PUBLISHING HOUSE “GEORGIAN

“ GEORGIAN UNIVERSITY”
TBILISI 2017
4
vaxtang guruli
Sesavali
(periodizacia. istoriografia)
§1. saqarTvelos axali istoriis periodizacia cielda qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis likvi-

(1801-1918) dacia. amitom umjobesia saqarTvelos axali
istoriis dasawyisad, konkretuli TariRis
saqarTvelos axali istoriis peri-
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, miviCnioT 1801
odizacia, iseve, rogorc saerTod, saqarT-
weli (1801 wlis 18 ianvris pavel I-isa da 1801
velos istoriis periodizacia, marto Teori-
wlis 12 seqtembris aleqsandr I-is manifeste-
uli msjelobis sagani ar SeiZleba iyos. mas
bi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis Sesaxeb),
praqtikuli Rirebuleba gaaCnia. periodiza-
ufro zogadad ki _ XIX saukunis damdegi (pe-
ciiT unda daiwyos saqarTvelos axali isto-
riodi, rodesac moxda umniSvnelovanesi mov-
riis saswavlo programis, leqciebis kursis,
lenebi: ruseTis imperiis mier qarTl-kaxeTis
aseve saxelmZRvanelos Sedgena rogorc sa-
samefos gauqmeba, imereTis samefos, guriis,
Sualo skolebisaTvis, ise umaRlesi saswav-
samegrelos, afxazeTis samTavroebis Sesvla
leblebisaTvis da, pirvel rigSi, universite-
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi, ruseTis
tisaTvis.
imperiis mier imereTis samTavros gauqmeba).
1. saqarTvelos axali istoriis qronolo-
XIX saukunis damdegiT (konkretulad,
giuri CarCo.
CarCo. saqarTvelos axali istoriis
1801 wliT) saqarTvelos axali istoriis daw-
periodizaciis kriteriumad aRebuli unda
yebas yvela mkvlevari ar iziarebs. mkvlev-
iqnes politikuri, ekonomikuri da social-
arTa nawili saqarTvelos axal istorias iw-
uri ganviTarebis zogadi tendenciebi. mar-
yebs qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis imperiis
Talia, 1801-1917 wlebSi saqarTvelo ruseTis
mfarvelobaSi SesvliT, anu 1783 wlis geor-
imperiis SemadgenlobaSi arsebobda, magram
gievskis traqtatiT. Cveni azriT, es Sexed-
rusuli istoriografiis mier SemuSavebuli
uleba ar aris dasabuTebuli. 1783 weli, anu
periodizacia CvenTvis misaRebia mxolod im
georgievskis traqtati, axal etaps iwyebda
SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi Tanxvdeba saqarTvelos
ruseTis imperiisa da qarTl-kaxeTis same-
politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri gan-
fos urTierTobis istoriaSi. cxadia, axali
viTarebis kanonzomierebebs.
etapis dasawyisi qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa da
saqarTvelos axali istoria unda davi-
ruseTis imperiis urTierTobis istoriaSi ar
wyoT ruseTis imperiis mier qarTuli samefo-
SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos istoriis Semd-
samTavroebis (qarTl-kaxeTis samefos, imere-
gomi periodis _ axali istoriis _ dasawyisi.
Tis samefos, samegrelos, guriis, afxazeTis
mkvlevarTa nawili saqarTvelos axal
samTavroebis) qveSevrdomobaSi miRebiTa da
istorias iwyebs XIX saukunis 30-iani wlebiT.
gauqmebiT. qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis
Cveni azriT, arc XIX saukunis 30-iani wlebi
qveSevrdomobaSi miReba, gauqmeba da dapy-
warmoadgens raime gansakuTrebul mijnas
roba erT wels ar momxdara, igi 1801-1810
saqarTvelos istoriaSi. igi principulad ar
wlebSi mimdinareobda. am SemTxvevaSi gadam-
gansxvavdeba arc XIX saukunis 20-iani da arc
wyvet mniSvnelobas ver mivaniWebT imas, rom
40-iani wlebisagan.
ruseTis imperiam 1801 wels qarTl-kaxeTis
saqarTvelos axali istoria unda davi-
samefo, xolo 1810 wels imereTis samefo
wyoT ruseTis imperiis mier qarTuli samefo-
gaauqma, xolo samegrelos, guriis, afxa-
samTavroebis dapyrobis periodiT. konkretu-
zeTisa da svaneTis samTavroebi formalu-
li TariRis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, movle-
rad mxolod `qveSevrdomobaSi~ miiRo da iq
nis droSi lokalizaciisaTvis vixmaroT `18011801
mTavris xelisufleba SeinarCuna, samTav-
weli~,, ufro zogadad, `XIX
weli XIX saukunis damdegi
damdegi~.
roebis gauqmeba ar gamoucxadebia. mTavris
saqarTvelos axali istoria unda davam-
xelisuflebis SenarCunebis miuxedavad, ru-
TavroT 1918 wliT, anu saqarTvelos saxelm-
seTis imperiam, faqtobrivad, samegrelos,
wifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgeniT. 1801-
guriisa da afxazeTis samTavroebic daipyro
1918 wlebi _saqarTvelos istoriis erTiani,
da imperiis ganuyofel nawilad aqcia. es ki
ganuyofeli periodia. am periodSi momxdar
imas niSnavs, rom 1801-1810 wlebSi ganxor-
yvela istoriul movlenas gansazRvravda da
5
saqarTvelos axali istoria (1801-1918)
erTian rkalSi aqcevda saerTo idea _ brZo- da socialuri sistemis Camoyalibebis dasas-
la saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRd- ruli.
genisaTvis. meoTxe.. 1904-1914 wlebi. es periodi unda
meoTxe
sabWoTa (komunisturi) istoriografia yofiliyo rogorc ruseTSi, ise saqarTvelo-
ruseTis da, ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelos axal Si politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri
istorias e. w. 1917 wlis oqtombris revolu- sistemis srulyofisa da ganmtkicebis peri-
ciis wina periodiT, ufro zustad, 1917 wlis odi, magram jer ruseT-iaponiis omma (1904-
Teberval-martis revoluciiT amTavrebda. 1905 ww.) Semdeg ki revoluciam (1905-1907 ww.)
sabWoTa istoriografiis kriteriumi CvenT- yovelgvari winsvla Seaferxa da gadauWreli
vis miuRebelia. rogorc 1917 wlis Teberval- winaaRmdegobebi warmoSva.
martis revolucia, ise e. w. 1917 wlis oqtom- mexuTe.. 1914 - 1918 wlebi. esaa pirveli
mexuTe
bris revolucia (sinamdvileSi 1917 wlis 25 msoflio omis wlebi, romelmac yvela winaaR-
oqtombris kontrrevoluciuri saxelmwifo mdegoba ukiduresad gaamwvava, rasac ruseTis
gadatrialeba) saqarTvelos istoriaSi aravi- imperiis ngreva da saqarTvelos saxelmwifoe-
Tar mijnas ar qmnis, axal epoqas, axal peri- brivi damoukideblobis aRdgena mohyva.
ods ar iwyebs.
amrigad, saqarTvelos axali istoria unda 2. qarTuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri
davamTavroT 1918 wlis 26 maisiT. moZraobis dayofa dasebad. saqarTvelos axali
zogierTi mkvlevari saqarTvelos axal istoriis periodizaciaze saubars ver davas-
istorias amTavrebs XIX saukunis dasasru- rulebT, Tu ar SevexeT saqarTvelos axali
liTa da XX saukunis damdegiT, rac, Cveni istoriis, ufro zustad, sazogadoebriv-
azriT, aseve dausabuTebelia. saqarTveloSi politikuri moZraobis erTi monakveTis (XIX
mimdinare politikuri, ekonomikuri da so- saukunis 60-90-iani wlebis) dasebad dayofas.
cialuri procesebi, garkveuli cvlilebebis XIX saukunis 60-90-iani wlebis sazoga-
miuxedavad, saqarTvelos axali istoriis XIX doebriv-politikuri moZraoba giorgi
saukunis dasasruliTa da XX saukunis dam- wereTelma sam dasad dayo egnate ninoSvilis
degiT dasrulebis safuZvels ar iZleva. sa- dakrZalvaze (1894 w.) warmoTqmul sityva-
mive procesi logikur dasasrulamde mxolod Si, romelic Semdeg gazeT `kvalSi~ daibe-
1918 wels mivida. qarTulma erovnulma moZ- Wda. giorgi wereTeli gulisxmobs Semdegs:
raobamac dagvrgvineba xom swored 1918 wels pirvel dass warmoadgenda XIX saukunis 60-
hpova. iani wlebis damdegs samoRvaweo asparezze
saqarTvelos axali istoria (1891-1918 gamosuli Taoba (ilia WavWavaZe, niko niko-
wlebi) erTiani, ganuyofeli periodia, Tumca laZe, akaki wereTeli, giorgi wereTeli, ia-
igi TavisTavad ramdenime qveperiodad iyofa. kob gogebaSvili da sxvebi); meore dass _ XIX
aseTi qveperiodi, Cveni azriT, sul mcire, saukunis 70-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan sapro-
xuTi mainc unda iyos. gramo sakiTxebze uTnxmoebis gamo pirvel
pirveli.. XIX saukunis damdegi _ XIX sau-
pirveli dass gamoyofili moRvaweebis jgufi (niko
kunis 60-iani wlebis damdegi. esaa batonymuri nikolaZe, giorgi wereTeli, sergei mesxi
socialuri da ekonomikuri sistemis arsebo- da sxvebi); mesame dass _ XIX saukunis 90-iani
bis periodi Sesabamisi politikuri procese- wlebis damdegs samoRvaweo asparezze gamosu-
biT. li social-demokratiuli mimdinareoba (noe
meore.. XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebis dam-
meore Jordania, silibistro jiblaZe, isidore ra-
degi _ XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebi. esaa batony- miSvili, filipe maxaraZe, mixa cxakaia, karlo
mobis gauqmebis Semdeg dawyebuli axali so- CxeiZe da sxvebi).
cialuri da ekonomikuri procesebi Tanam- garkveviT unda ganvacxadoT: XIX sauku-
devi politikuri procesebiT _ burJuaziul nis 60-90-iani wlebis sazogadoebriv-politi-
urTierTobaTa dasawyisi. kuri moZraobis sam dasad dayofas aranairi
mesame.. XIX saukunis dasasruli _ XX sau-
mesame safuZveli ar gaaCnia:
kunis damdegi. esaa saqarTveloSi burJuazi- 1. XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebis dam-
ul urTierTobaTa sabolood damkvidrebis degs samoRvaweo asparezze gamosulT (ilia
periodi _ burJuaziuli sazogadoebisaTvis WavWavaZes, niko nikolaZes, giorgi wereTels,
damaxasiaTebeli politikuri, ekonomikuri akaki wereTels, iakob gogebaSvils da sx-
6
vaxtang guruli
vebs) araviTari dasi ar CamouyalibebiaT, miT erovnul moZraobaSi rCebodnen da moZraobis

ufro, dasis ideurad da organizaciulad nawilad ganixilebodnen. maT ar uaruyviaT is
gaerTianeba ar ucdiaT. es iyo TanamoazreTa programa, romelic XIX saukunis 60-ian wleb-
jgufi, romelTac saerToc bevri hqondaT da Si moixaza.
sapolemikoc, magram yvelani erTad iwyebdnen 6. giorgi wereTliseuli periodizacia
did erovnul moZraobas qarTvelobisa da ar gauziarebiaT arc pirvel da arc meore
saqarTvelos gadasarCenad. ise ar unda war- dasad wodebulebs. mxolod qarTvelma so-
movidginoT, rom es adamianebi erTi program- cial-demokratebma miiRes es Sexeduleba
iTa da wesdebiT gaerTianebul raime orga- da istoriaSic isini `mesame dasis~ saxeliT
nizacias warmoadgendnen, garkveuli period- darCnen. rom ara es, giorgi wereTlis peri-
ulobiT sadme ikribebodnen da programis Se- odizacia imTaviTve daviwyebas miecemoda.
qmnasa da mis ganxorcielebaze msjelobdnen. amrigad, XIX saukunis 60-90-iani wlebis
2. XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebis damdegs sazogadoebriv-politikuri moZraobis pir-
samoRvaweo asparezze gamosulTa Soris vel, meore da mesame dasad dayofa mecnieruli
garkveuli periodis Semdeg Tavi iCina prin- TvalsazrisiT miuRebelia. aseT dayofas poli-
cipulma winaaRmdegobam qarTveli eris politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri safuZve-
tikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTa- li ar gaaCnia, igi winaaRmdegobaSia qarTuli
rebis Taobaze. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, erovnuli moZraobis ganviTarebis etapebT-
ilia WavWavaZes daupirispirdnen niko niko- anac.
anac
laZe, giorgi wereTeli da sergei mesxi. gior-
gi wereTeli swored am sam moRvawes miiCnevda 3. erovnuli moZraobis istoriis
meore dasis birTvad. perodizacia (1801-1918). saqarTvelos axali
3. marTalia, erovnul moRvaweTa Soris istoriis (1801-1918) ganmsazRvrel movlenas
uTanxmoebam iCina Tavi, magram es ar niSnavda warmoadgenda erovnuli moZraoba. erovnuli
maT or dasad gayofas da arc meore dasis moZraoba Tavisi saboloo mizniT erTiania,
warmoSobas. ilia WavWavaZe, iakob gogebaS- magram swored am miznis specifikidan da
vili, akaki wereTeli, niko nikolaZe, giorgi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, igi iyofa peri-
wereTeli, sergei mesxi XIX saukunis 60-ian odebad. mokled SevexoT erovnuli moZraobis
wlebSi, 70-iansa da 80-ian wlebSic, uTanxmoe- istoriis periodizacias.
bis miuxedavad, qarTul erovnul moZraobas qarTuli erovnuli moZraobis isto-
ganasaxierebdnen da im erovnuli moZraobis riis (1801-1918) periodizacia ar aris ad-
programis ganxorcielebisaTvis iRvwodnen, vilad gadasaWreli problema. pirdaapir an
romelic XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi Camoy- arapirdapir qarTuli erovnuli moZraobis
alibda. istoriis periodizaciis Sesaxeb Tavisi azri
4. XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebis damdegs gamoTqves ilia WavWavaZem, niko nikolaZem,
samoRvaweo asparezze gamosulma qarTvelma giorgi wereTelma, sergei mesxma, noe Jorda-
social-demokratebma 1892-1893 wlebSi orga- niam, ioseb juRaSvilma, arCil jorjaZem da
nizaciuli da ideuri gaerTianeba SeZles da sxvebma. qarTvel istorikosTagan saintereso
programac SeimuSaves. am organizaciam gior- mosazrebebi warmoadgines ivane javaxiSvilma,
gi wereTlis mier Serqmeuli saxeli _ `mesame svimon xundaZem, niko berZeniSvilma, abel
dasi~ _ miiRo da asec darCa istoriaSi. kikviZem, aleqsandre bendianiSvilma da sx-
5. Tu dasi ideur (programul) da orga- vebma. miuxedavad amisa, erTi, sayovelTaod
nizaciul erTianobas gulisxmobs, maSin XIX miRebuli, periodizacia jerjerobiT ar ar-
saukunis 90-iani wlebis damdegs samoRvaweo sebobs.
asparezze gamosuli qarTveli social-de- qvemoT SevecdebiT Cveni azri war-
mokratebi dasad SeiZleba miviCnioT. imave movadginoT qarTuli erovnuli moZraobis
principiT dasad ver miviCnevT verc XIX sau- istoriis periodizaciis Sesaxeb.
kunis 60-iani wlebis damdegs samoRvaweo as- pirveli periodi
periodi.. erovnuli moZraobis
parezze gamosulT (isini erTiani erovnuli Casaxva (XIX saukunis damdegi _ 20-iani wlebi).
moZraobis winamZRolebi iyvnen) da verc am saqarTveloSi erovnuli moZraobis dawye-
moRvaweTagan mogvianebiT gamoyofil jgufs. ba ruseTis imperiis mier qarTuli samefo-
isini, uTanxmoebis miuxedavad, mainc erTian samTavroebis dapyrobis uSualo Sedegia. am
7
epoqis erovnuli moZraobis damaxasiaTebeli orcielebisaTvis gegmazomieri, gaazrebuli

niSnebia: 1. mkveTrad gamoxatuli antiru- moRvaweobis dawyeba; 6. seriozuli warmate-
suli xasiaTi; 2. saerToqarTuli erovnuli bebis mopoveba qarTvelobisa da saqarTvelos
moZraobis ideis ararseboba; 3. xelmZRvaneli, gadarCenisaTvis gaCaRebul brZolaSi.
makoordinirebeli centris ararseboba. mTe- meoTxe periodi.
periodi. erovnuli moZraobis
li erovnuli moZraoba stiqiuri, lokaluri, daSla. politikuri mimdinareobebisa da par-
spontanuria da marcxdeba kidec. am periodis tiebis aRmoceneba (XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebi
erovnuli moZraobis gamovlinebas warmoad- _ 1917 weli). XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebis dam-
genda 1802 wlis politikuri gamosvla kax- degidan saqarTveloSi aRmocenebas iwyebs
eTSi, 1804 wlis ajanyeba aRmosavleT saqarT- politikuri mimdinareobebi da partiebi: 1.
velos mTianeTSi, 1812 wlis ajanyeba kaxeTSi, erTiani erovnuli moZraobis axali viTarebis
1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba imereTSi, guriasa Sesabamisad aRorZinebis mcdeloba _ `saqa-
da samegreloSi. rTvelos Tavisuflebis liga~ (1891-1893 ww.);
meore periodi.
periodi. erovnuli moZraobis 2. social-demokratiuli moZraoba _ ~mesame
programis SemuSavebis dasawyisi (XIX saukunis dasi~ (1892-1893 ww); 3. socialist-federal-
20-iani wlebis bolodan 50-iani wlebis dasas- isturi moZraoba _ saqarTvelos socialist-
rulamde). es periodi unda ganvixiloT ro- federalistTa sarevolucio partia (XIX sau-
gorc uSualo Sedegi, gagrZeleba wina peri- kunis 90-iani wlebi _1904 weli); 4. erovnul-
odisa. epoqis yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena demokratiuli moZraoba _ Jurnali `klde~
_ 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba _ erovnuli moZrao- da `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komiteti
bis did monapovars warmoadgenda. am peri- (1914 w.).
odis erovnuli moZraobis damaxasiaTebeli am epoqis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia: 1.
niSnebia: 1. mkveTrad gamoxatuli antirusu- erovnuli moZraobis krizisi; 2. socialuri
li xasiaTi; 2. saerToqarTuli erovnuli moZ- sakiTxis aSkara prioriteti erovnulTan Se-
raobis ideis warmoSoba. 3. xelmZRvaneli, ma- darebiT; 3. kosmopolituri mimdinareobis ga-
koordinirebeli centris Seqmnis seriozuli Zliereba; 4. urTierTobis gamwvaveba social-
mcdeloba; 4. erovnuli moZraobis programis isturi da erovnuli orientaciis Zalebs So-
CamoyalibebisTvis brZola. ris; 5. qarTuli emigraciis gaaqtiureba.
erovnuli moZraobis Semdgom periodebSi mexuTe periodi. erovnuli moZraobis
erovnuli da socialuri sakiTxi mWidrod ga- konsolidacia (1917 wlis marti _ 1918 wlis
daejaWva erTmaneTs da maTma dapirispirebam maisi). miuxedavad imisa, rom wina periodma
gansazRvra kidec mTeli erovnuli moZraobis politikur partiebsa da mimdinareobebs So-
xasiaTi TviT 1918 wlamde. ris dausrulebel polemikaSi Caiara, ruseTis
mesame periodi
periodi.. erovnuli moZraobis 1917 wlis Teberval-martis revoluciis Sem-
programis SemuSaveba da brZola misi ganxor- deg iwyeba erovnuli moZraobis konsolida-
cielebisaTvis (XIX saukunis 60-90-iani wlebi). cia _ 1917 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos pirve-
es periodi mTlianad samocianelTa (Terg- li da meore interpartiuli krebebis mowveva
daleulTa) didi Taobis (ilia WavWavaZis, da agvistoSi saqarTvelos erovnuli inter-
niko nikolaZis, giorgi wereTlis, iakob go- partiuli sabWos Seqmna. es didi gamarjveba
gebaSvilis, akaki wereTlis, sergei mesxis da iyo erovnuli konsolidaciis gzaze. cota
sxv.) saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli. am epoqis mogvianebiT, 1917 wlis noemberSi, saqarT-
erovnuli moZraobis damaxasiaTebeli niS- velos pirveli erovnuli yrilobis mowveva da
nebia: 1. mkveTrad gamoxatuli antirusuli saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos arCeva imis mau-
xasiaTi (antirusuli xasiaTis miCqmalva le- wyebeli gaxda, rom qarTuli erovnuli moZ-
galur presaSi, rac politikuri mosazre- raobis konsolidaciis idea realobad iqca.
biT iyo nakarnaxevi, viTarebas ver cvlis); 2. 1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos saxelm-
saerToqarTuli erovnuli moZraobis ideis wifoebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadeba
gabatoneba; 3.xelmZRvaneli, makoordinire- swored erovnul ZalTa konsolidaciis Sede-
beli centris Seqmna da misi nayofieri moR- gi iyo. konsolidacias, cxadia, aklda Sinagani
vaweoba; 4. erovnuli moZraobis winamZRolis simtkice, magram faqtia, rom saqarTvelos
(ilia WavWavaZe) gamokveTa; 5. erovnuli moZ- saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgena
raobis programis SemuSaveba da misi ganx- Seqmnil sagareo-politikur mdgomareobas-
8
vaxtang guruli
Tan erTad, swored erovnulma kosnolida- pirvel rigSi unda movixsenioT piotr but-
ciam ganapiroba. kovi. mas ekuTvnis samtomeuli `masalebi ka-
vkasiis axali istoriisaTvis 1722 wlidan 1803
wlamde~(1869 w.).5 piotr butkovis naSromis
§2. saqarTvelos axali istoriis (1801-1918) is- gverdiT unda movixsenioT nikolai dubrovi-
toriografia nis `giorgi XII, ukanaskneli mefe saqarTvelo-
saqarTvelos axali istoriis (1801-1918) si da misi SeerTeba ruseTTan~ (1867 w.)6, àm-
Seswavlis pirveli cda ekuTvnis daviT ba- ierkavkasia 1803 wlidan 1806 wlamde~(1866 w.)7,
toniSvils.. misi naSromebi: axali istoria~ da
toniSvils eqvstomeuli `kavkasiaSi ruseTis omebisa da
`masalebi saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis. Sekre- mflobelobis istoria“(1871-1888 ww.)8; vasili
bili batoniSvilis daviT giorgis Zisa da mis pottos oTxtomeuli `kavkasiis omi calkeul
Zmebisa. 1744-1840~1 sayuradReboa faqtobrivi narkvevebSi, epizodebSi, legendebsa da bio-
masalis TvalsazrisiT. rogorc istoriuli grafiebSi~(1885-1888 ww.)9 da misive redaqciiT
wyaro, sayuradReboa bagrat batoniSvilis gamocemuli erTtomeuli `kavkasiuri omebis
àxali moTxroba~2 da Teimuraz bagrationis istoriis narkvevi misi dasawyisidan saqarT-
àxali istoria~3. velos SeerTebamde~(1899 w.)10; v. n. ivanenkos
1. ruseTis imperiis istoriografia. saqa- àmierkavkasiis samoqalaqo mmarTveloba saqa-
rTvelos axali istoriis mecnieruli Ses- rTvelos SeerTebidan didi mTavris mixeil
wavla ruseTis imperiis istoriografiam nikolozis Zis mefisnacvlobamde~(1901 w.)11;
daiwyo. rusma istorikosebma Sekribes da 1901-1908 wlebSi vasili pottos redaqciiT
gamoaqveynes didi raodenoba sayuradRebo ganxorcielda oTxtomeulis publikacia `ru-
dokumentebisa da masalebisa. am naSrom- suli mflobelobis ganmtkiceba kavkasiaSi
Tagan upirvelesi mniSvneloba eniWeba aka- (1801-1829 ww)~12. am gamocemis damatebad daibe-
demikos adolf berJes redaqciiT 1866-1904 Wda v. n. ivanenkos zemoT xsenebuli naSromi
wlebSi gamocemul mravaltomeuls `kavka- `kavka- àmierkavkasiis samoqalaqo mmarTveloba saqa-
siis arqeografiuli komisiis mier Sekrebili rTvelos SeerTebidan didi mTavris mixeil
aqtebi~.4 aqtebis Tormettomeulidan, romlis
aqtebi nikolozis Zis mefisnacvlobamde~(1901 w.)13.
gverdTa saerTo raodenoba 24 aTass udris, miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTis imperiis isto-
pirveli aTi tomi adolf berJes redaqciiT riografiam garkveuli wvlili Seitana saqa-
gamovida, meTerTmete tomi m. d. kobliakovis
redaqciiT, xolo meTormete _ e. d. felici- 5
П. Г. Бутков. Материалы для новой истории Кавказа, с
nisa.. aqtebis TormettomeulSi Sesuli masala
nisa 1722 по 1803 год. Часть I-III. С.-Петербург, 1869.
moicavs periods XVIII saukunis miwurulidan 6
Н. Дубровин. Георгий XII, последний царь Грузии и
1862 wlamde. miuxedavad imisa, rom aqtebis присоединение ея к России. С.-Петербург, 1867. Издание
Tormettomeulis pirveli tomis gamosvlidan второе, С.-Петербург, 1897.
7
Н. Дубровин. Закавказье от 1803-1806 года. Санкт-
saukune-naxevarze meti gavida, gamocema dRe-
Петербург, 1866.
sac Seucvlel wignad rCeba saqarTvelos axa- 8
Н. Дубровин. Историявойны и владычества русских на
li istoriis mkvlevarTaTvis. dokumentebisa Кавказе.Tом I-VI. С.-Петербург, 1871-1888.
da masalebis Tavmoyrasa da publikaciasTan 9
В. Потто. Кавказская война в отдельных очерках, эпизодах,
erTad ruseTis imperiis istoriografia легендах и биографиях. Том I-IV. С.-Петербург, 1885-1888.
saqarTvelos axali istoriis gamokvleva- 10
Исторический очерк Кавказских войн от их начала до
sac Seudga. am periodis mkvlevarTa Soris присоединения Грузии. К столетию занатия Тифлиса
русскими войсками 26-го ноября 1799 года. Под редакциею
В. Потто. Тифлис, 1899.
1
daviT batoniSvili. axali istoria. Tbilisi, 1941; 11
В. Н. Иваненко. Гражданское управление Закавказьем. От
masalebi saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis. Sekrebili присоединения Грузии до наместничества Великаго Князя
batoniSvilis daviT giorgis Zisa da mis Zmebisa. Михаила Николаевича. Исторически очерк. Тифлис, 1901.
1744-1840. tfilisi, 1905. 12
Утверждение Русскаго владычества на Кавказе. Под
2
bagrat batoniSvili. axali moTxroba. Tbilisi, редакцией В. Потто. Том I-IV. Тифлись 1901-1906.
1941. 13
Утверждение Русскаго владычества на Кавказе. Под
3
Teimuraz bagrationi. axali istoria. Tbilisi, редакцией В. Потто. Том XII. Гражданское управление
1983. Закавказьем. От присоединения Грузии до наместничества
4
Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Великаго Князя Михаила Николаевича. Исторически очерк
коммиссиею. Том I-XII. Тифлис, 1866-1904. В. Н. Иваненко. Тифлис, 1901.
9
rTvelos axali istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi, svimon avalianma rusul enaze gamosca broSu-
unda aRiniSnos seriozuli naklic: rusi isra `narkvevebi amirkavkasiaSi glexTa sakiTx-
torikosebi imperiis kavkasiuri politikis is Sesaxeb.~6 1986 wels simon avalianis oTx-
mexotbeni arian da bevr iseT sakiTxze xuWaven tomeulis damatebad, mexuTe tomad, rusul
Tvals, romlebic cxadad warmoaCens ruseTis enaze gamoica misi naSromi `glexTa sakiTxi
velikoderJavul politikas kavkasiaSi da maT amierkavkasiaSi.~7
Soris, saqarTveloSi. 2. qarTuli istoriografia. saqarT-
rusi istorikosebis gverdiT moR- velos demokratiuli respublikis arsebo-
vaweobdnen da praqtikulad rusul isto- bis periodSi (1918-1921 ww.) Seiqmna zogierTi
riografias miekuTvnebodnen qarTveli isto- saintereso wigni. 1920 wels sargis kakabaZem
rikosebi platon ioseliani da zurab aval- gamosca `saqarTvelos mokle istoria. axali
iSvili. platon ioselians ekuTvnis qarTul saukuneebis epoqa~8. daaxloebiT imave peri-
enaze gamocemuli naSromi `cxovreba mefe odSi momzadda gamosacemad sargis kakaba-
giorgi mecametisa da saqarTvelos ruseTTan Zis mniSvnelovani gamokvleva `saqarTvelos
SeerTeba~(1867 w.)1, xolo zurab avaliSvils istoria. axali saukuneebis epoqa (1500-1810
_ rusul enaze gamocemuli naSromi `saqarT- ww.)~9, romelic cota mogvianebiT, 1922 wels,
velos SeerTeba ruseTTan~ (1901 w.)2. daibeWda. uSualod saqarTvelos axal isto-
ruseTis imperiis istoriografias rias eZRvneba sargis kakabaZis `saqarTvelos
garkveulwilad upasuxa da saqarTvelos ax- istoria. 1783-1921~10, romelic pirvelad 1997
ali istoriis mecnierulad Seswavlis ori- wels, xolo meored 2003 wels gamoica. Zalze
entirebi dasaxa ivane javaxiSvilma rusul mniSvnelovania sargis kakabaZis mier ganxor-
enaze gamoqveynebul naSromSi `politikuri cielebuli dokumentebis publikacia, ro-
da socialuri moZraoba saqarTveloSi XIX melic imereTis samefos gauqmebas eZRvneba.11
saukuneSi~ (1906 w.)3. 1921 wlidan, sabWoTa saqarTveloSi ax-
1907 wels simon esaZem rusul enaze or ali istoriis kvlevis xelmZRvaneloba Tavs
tomad gamosca umniSvnelovanesi gamokvleva ido filipe maxaraZem da rusul enaze ram-
kavkasiis rusuli mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb XIX denime naSromic gamoaqveyna: `saqarTvelo XIX
saukuneSi.4 naSromi emyareba mdidar saar- saukuneSi~(1933 w.), ~revoluciuri moZraobis
qivo masalas. aseve umniSvnelovanes gamokv- istoriis narkvevebi amierkavkasiaSi~(1927 w.),
levas warmoadgens 1912-1920 wlebSi rusul `saqarTveloSi muSaTa da glexTa moZraobis
enaze gamocemuli simon avalianis oTxtomeu- istoriis narkvevebi~ (Tanaavtori giorgi
li `glexTa sakiTxi amierkavkasiaSi,~ romlis xaWapuriZe)(1932 w.)12. am naSromebiT safuZveli
pirveli, meore da mesame tomebi odesaSi daedo saqarTvelos axali istoriis gayal-
gamoica, xolo meoTxe _ TbilisSi.5 1913 wels bebas. filipe maxaraZe imaze metad scodavda
WeSmaritebas, vidre ruseTis imperiis isto-
1
platon ioseliani.
ioseliani cxovreba mefis giorgi XIII-sa. riografia. filipe maxaraZes saqarTvelos ax-
Tfilisi, Cyiz [1867]; platon ioseliani.
ioseliani cxovreba
mefe giorgi mecametisa da saqarTvelos ruseTTan 6
С. Л. Авалиани. Очерки по крестьянскому вопросу в
SeerTeba. zaqaria WiWinaZis gamocema. Tfilisi, Закавказье. Одесса, 1913.
1895; platon ioseliani.
ioseliani cxovreba giorgi mecame- 7
С. Л. Авалиани. Крестьянский вопрос в Закавказье. Том V
tisa. akaki gawerelias Sesavali weriliT, redaq- (дополнительный). Тбилиси, 1986.
8
ciiTa da SeniSvnebiT. tfilisi, 1936; platon iose- s. kakabaZe.
kakabaZe saqarTvelos mokle istoria. axali
liani. cxovreba giorgi mecametisa. Tbilisi, 1978.
liani saukuneebis epoqa. tfilisi, 1920.
2
З. Авалов. Присоединение Грузии к России. С.-Петербург, 9
s. kakabaZe.
kakabaZe saqarTvelos istoria. axali sauku-
1901; З. Авалов. Присоединение Грузии к России. Издание neebis epoqa (1500-1810 ww). tfilisi, 1921.
второе, Тифлис, 1906; Зураб Авалов. Присоединение 10
sargis kakabaZe.
kakabaZe saqarTvelos istoria. 1783-1921.
Грузии к России. Москва, 2011. Tbilisi, 1997 (meore gamocema: Tbilisi, 2003).
3
Ив. Джавахов. Политическое и социальное движение в 11
s. kakabaZe. imereTis samefos gauqmeba (dokumente-
Грузии в XIX в. С.-Петербург, 1906; ivane javaxiSvili.
javaxiSvili bi)._ saqarTvelos ssr Sss saarqivo sammarTvelos
Txzulebani Tormet tomad. tomi XII. Tbilisi, „saistorio moambe“. 9. Tbilisi, 1956, gv.381-512.
1998, gv. 434-458. 12
Ф. Махарадзе. Грузия в XIX столетии. Краткий
4
Семен Эсадзе. Историческая записка об управлении исторически очерк. Тифлис, 1933; Ф. Махарадзе. Очерки
Кавказом. Том I-II. Тифлис, 1907. революционного движения в Закавказьи. Часть I-II. Тифлис,
5
С. Л. Авалиани. Крестьянский вопрос в Закавказье. Том 1927; Ф. Махарадзе, Г. Хачапуридзе. Очерки по истории
I-IV. Одесса _ Тифлис, 1912-1920. рабочего и крестьянского движения в Грузии. Москва, 1932.
10
vaxtang guruli
ali istoriis gayalbebaSi mxari auba giorgi marTalia, ivane javaxiSvils 1906 wlis
xaWapuriZem (peraSkovma),
(peraSkovma), romelmac qarTul Semdeg saqarTvelos axali istoriis Seswavla
enaze gamoaqveyna naSromebi: `glexTa moZ- ar gaugrZelebia, magram mkvlevari gverds
raobani saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi~(1932 ver auvlis mis naSroms ìlia WavWavaZe da
w.) da `1905-1907 wlebis revolucia saqarT- saqarTvelos istoria~ .5
veloSi~(1941 w.), xolo 1931 wels rusul da XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis bolos sab-
1932 wels qarTul enaze _ `guriis ajanyeba WoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis,
1841 wels~.1 filipe maxaraZisa da giorgi uSualod ioseb stalinis, nebis safuZvelze
xaWapuriZis naRvawis fonze saqarTvelos saqarTvelos politikurma xelmZRvanelobam,
axali istoriis obieqturad gaSuqebis mcd- konkretulad, lavrenti beriam, qarTvel is-
eloba gamoikveTa simon xundaZis naSromebSi: torikosebs daavala saqarTvelos istoriis
`socializmis istoriisaTvis saqarTveloSi~ saxelmZRvanelos Seqmna. saxelmZRvanelos
(1927 w.), ~qarTveli inteligenciis profili SeqmnisaTvis samuSaoebs xelmZRvanelobda si-
mecxramete saukuneSi~,(1927 w.), `dimitri mon janaSia. Sedga avtorTa koleqtivi ivane
yifiani~ (1936 w.), `masalebi qarTuli liter- javaxiSvilis, simon janaSias, niko berZeniS-
aturisa da sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis isto- vilisa da giorgi xaWapuriZis SemadgenlobiT.
riisaTvis~ (1949 w.)2. 1940 wels 105 egzemplaris odenobiT gamoi-
XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi ganxor- ca avtorTa koleqtivis mier momzadebuli
cielda dokumentebisa da masalebis iseTi 488-gverdiani naSromi `saqarTvelos
`saqarTvelos istoria.
publikaciebi, romelTac mniSvnelovani roli dromde 6. saxelmZRvane-
uZvelesi xanidan Cven dromde~
Seasrules saqarTvelos axali istoriis Ses- lo uZvelesi droidan XIX saukunis damde-
wavlis saqmeSi. am iSviaT gamonaklisTa So- gamde dawerili iyo ivane javaxiSvilis, simon
ris unda movixsenioT grigol giorgaZisa da janaSiasa da niko berZeniSvilis mier, xolo
giorgi gozaliSvilis publikaciebi. gansa- XIX-XX saukuneebi _giorgi xaWapuriZis mier.
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania grigol giorgaZis saxelmZRvanelos maketis ganxilvisas aSkara
`sazogadoebrivi urTierToba saqarTveloSi gaxda, rom giorgi xaWapuriZis mier dawerili
baton-ymobis gadavardnidan pirvel revolu- monakveTi imdenad susti iyo, rom misi gamo-
ciamde 1864-1905~ (1928 w,) da `sabuTebi revo- qveyneba ar SeiZleboda. amitom iyo, rom 1943
lucionur moZraobis istoriisaTvis saqarT- wels daibeWda saqarTvelos istoriis sax-
veloSi. 1870-1902~ (1930 w.).3 1935 wels giorgi elmZRvanelos is nawili (uZvelesi droidan
gozaliSvilma gamosca samtomeulad Cafiqre- XIX saukunis damdegamde), romelic ivane ja-
buli publikaciis pirveli tomi `1832 wlis vaxiSvilis, simon janaSiasa da niko berZeniS-
SeTqmuleba~,romlis meore tomi gamovida vilis mier iyo dawerili.7 giorgi xaWapuri-
1970 wels, xolo mesame _ 1976 wels.4 Zem Tavisi gavlena gamoiyena da 1940 welsve
dawunebuli naSromi (maketis bolo nawili)
1
g. xaWapuriZe. glexTa moZraobani saqarTveloSi calke wignad gamosca saTauriT `saqarT-
XIX saukuneSi. tfilisi, 1932; g. xaWapuriZe. 1905- velos XIX da XX saukuneTa istoria~.8 am naS-
1907 wlebis revolucia saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi, romSi Sejamda saqarTvelos axali istoriis
1941; Г. Хачапуридзе. Гурийское востание в 1841 году.
gayalbeba, romelic filipe maxaraZem daiwyo
Тифлис, 1931; g.xaWapuriZe. guriis ajanyeba 1841
da giorgi xaWapuriZem daagvirgvina.
wels. tfilisi, 1932.
2
s. xundaZe. socializmis istoriisaTvis saqarT- saqarTvelos istoriis yvela mkvlevari
veloSi. tomi I-II. tfilisi, 1927; s. xundaZe.
xundaZe qa- didadaa davalebuli paata guguSvilisagan,
guguSvilisagan,
rTveli inteligenciis profili mecxramete sau-
5
kuneSi. tfilisi, 1927; s. xundaZe.
xundaZe dimitri yifiani iv. javaxiSvili. ilia WavWavaZe da saqarTvelos
(monografia), tfilisi, 1936; s.xundaZe
s.xundaZe. masalebi istoria, Tbilisi, 1938.
6
qarTuli literaturisa da sazogadoebrivi az- ivane javaxiSvili, simon janaSia, niko berZeniS-
rovnebis istoriisaTvis~. Tbilisi, 1949. vili, giorgi xaWapuriZe. saqarTvelos istoria.
3
grigol giorgaZe. sazogadoebrivi urTierToba uZvelesi xanidan Cven dromde. Tbilisi, 1940 (xel-
saqarTveloSi baton-ymobis gadavardnidan pirvel naweris uflebiT).
7
revoluciamde 1864-1905. tfilisi, 1928. grigol iv. javaxiSvili, n. berZeniSvili, s. janaSia. saqa-
giorgaZe. sabuTebi revolucionur moZraobis isto- rTvelos istoria. uZvelesi droidan XIX saukunis
riisaTvis saqarTveloSi. 1870-1902. tfilisi, 1930. damdegamde. s. janaSias redaqciiT. Tbilisi, 1943.
4 8
giorgi gozaliSvili.
gozaliSvili 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba. giorgi xaWapuriZe.
xaWapuriZe saqarTvelos XIX da XX sauku-
tomi I-III, Tbilisi, 1935-1976. neTa istoria. Tbilisi, 1940.
11
romelmac safuZveli daudo saqarTvelos xsenebuli naSromi dRemde samagido wignad

ekonomikuri istoriis Seswavlas. 1936 wels rCeba istorikosTaTvis. niko berZeniSvilis
paata guguSvilma Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni- mecnieruli memkvidreobidan saqarTvelos
versitetis SromebSi gamoaqveyna vrceli axali istoriis mkvlevarTaTvis Zalze mniS-
gamokvleva `SeRavaTiani tranziti da vaWroba vnelovania misi recenzia abel kikviZis sado-
saqarTvelosa da a.kavkasiaSi 1822-1831 ww.~1 qtoro disertaciaze `sazogadoebriv-poli-
gamokvlevaSi dasmuli sakiTxebis mecnieru- tikuri moZraoba saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi
li Seswavla pirvelad swored paata guguS- (erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli brZola)~, ro-
vilma daiwyo da ramdenadac sakvirveli ar melic 1955 wels pirvelad daibeWda saqa-
unda iyos, kvleva warmarTa aramarqsistuli rTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriis
meTodologiiT. avtori iZulebuli iyo alag- institutis SromebSi, xolo meored _1971
alag karl marqsi da vladimer leninic dae- wels.5
mowmebina. miuxedavad amisa, arsiT naSromi saqarTvelos axali istoriis Seswav-
aris maRal doneze Sesrulebuli samecniero lis saqmeSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili Seitana
gamokvleva. epoqalur movlenas warmoadgen- Salva Cxetiam. es, pirvel rigSi, exeba saar-
da paata guguSvilis 1949 wels gamocemuli qivo masalebis moZiebasa da gamoqveynebas.
sqeltaniani monografia `saqarTvelosa da am- aseT naSromTa Soris unda movixsenioT:
ierkavkasiis ekonomikuri ganviTareba XIX-XX `masalebi dimitri yifianis mkvlelobaze~,
saukuneebSi~2. dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, `ruseTis didi revolucia~, `nikoloz bara-
rom saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis TaSvili.1. masalebi nikoloz baraTaSvilis
Sesaxeb aseTi maRali mecnieruli Rireb- Sesaxeb~, `saglexo reformis istoriisaTvis
ulebis mqone monografia dRemde ar gamoce- saqarTveloSi~, `dokumentebi saqarTvelos
mula. mkvlevarebi didad arian davalebuli istoriisaTvis~.6 Salva Cxetias ekuTvnis Ses-
paata guguSvilisagan misi monografiebisaT- aniSnavi gamokvlevebi: `rusuli mmarTvelo-
vis `qarTuli Jurnalistika~(1941 w.) da `qar- bis sistema saqarTveloSi (1801-1840 ww.)~ da
Tuli wigni. 1629-1929.~(1929)3 `rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema saqarTveloSi
niko berZeniSvili, cxadia, kargad (1840-1864)~7.
grZnobda, rom giorgi xaWapuriZe da misi ax- dainteresebuli mkvlevari gverds ver
algazrda Tanamoazreebi saqarTvelos axali auvlis aleqsandre fircxalaiSvilis gamokv-
istoriis mecnierulad Seswavlas rom ver levebs: `ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis
SeZlebdnen, amitom iyo, rom didi mecnieri istoriidan~ (1955 w.) da àmierkavkasiis qa-
Tavad Seudga saqarTvelos istoriis am epo- laqebi~ (2002 w.)8. sayuradReboa mamia dumbaZis
qis damuSavebas. 1949 wels niko berZeniSvilma
daaasrula naSromi `saqarTvelo XIX s. pirvel 5
n. berZeniSvili. recenzia a.kikviZis sadiserta-
meoTxedSi~. es naSromi mxolod 1965 wels cio naSromze `sazogadoebriv-politikuri moZ-
daibeWda.4 samwuxarod, sxvadasxva mizezis raoba saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi (erovnul-gan-
gamo niko berZeniSvils saqarTvelos axali maTavisuflebeli brZola)._ n.berZeniSvili. saqa-
istoriis kvleva aRar gaugrZelebia. zemoT rTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi. wigni V. Tbilisi,
1971, gv.250-277.
6
S. Cxetia.
Cxetia masalebi dimitri yifianis mkvlelo-
1
p. guguSvili. SeRavaTiani tranziti da vaWro- baze. Tbilisi, 1948; S. Cxetia. ruseTis didi revo-
ba saqarTvelosa da a. kavkasiaSi 1822-1831 ww. _ lucia. Tbilisi, 1930; S. Cxetia. nikoloz baraTaS-
tfilisis saxewlmwifo universitetis Sromebi. vili. 1. masalebi nikoloz baraTaSvilis Sesaxeb.
pirveli seria: sazogadoebaTmecnierebani. III, 1936, Tbilisi, 1945; S. Cxetia. saglexo reformis isto-
gv. 79-115; V, 1936, gv.111-142. riisaTvis saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi, 1950; Ш. Чхетия.
2
p. b. guguSvili. saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis Документы по истории Грузии. Том I, часть I. Грузия в
ekonomikuri ganviTareba XIX-XX saukuneebSi. tomi период буржуазных реформ . Тбилиси , 1954.
7
pirveli., Tbilisi, 1949. S. Cxetia.
Cxetia rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema saqarT-
3
p. guguSvili.
guguSvili qarTuli Jurnalistika. sazoga- veloSi (1801-1840 ww.). _ akad. n. maris saxelobis
doebrivi azris istoriisaTvis. t.I. Tbilisi, 1941; enis, istoriisa da materialuri kulturis insti-
p. guguSvili.
guguSvili qarTuli wigni. 1629-1929. Tbilisi, tutis `moambe~, Tbilisi, 1940, VIII, gv. 11-68; S. Cx-
1929. etia. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema saqarTveloSi
4
n. berZeniSvili.
berZeniSvili saqarTvelo XIX s. pirvel (1840-1864). _ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis
meoTxedSi._n.n. berZeniSvili. saqarTvelos isto- `moambe~, Tbilisi, 1944, XII-B, gv. 1-114.
8
riis sakiTxebi. wigni II. Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 244-492. aleqsandre fircxalaiSvili. ruseT-saqarT-
12
vaxtang guruli
`dasavleT saqarTvelo XIX saukunis pirvel metad mniSvnelovani gamokvleva Seqmna

naxevarSi~ (1957 w.)1 da qveli CxataraiSvilis kote anTaZem, romelic sayuradRebo doku-
`guriis samTavros SeerTeba ruseTTan~ (1977 mentebsa da masalebze dayrdnobiT XIX sauku-
w.).2 nis saqarTveloSi demografiuli procesebis
saqarTvelos axali istoriis SeswavlaSi obieqtur suraTs aRadgens.7
mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana abel kikviZem.
kikviZem. ramdenime qarTveli istorikosis mier
sabWoTa istoriografiisaTvis damaxasiaTebe- Rirebuli naSromebis gamocema ver cvlida
li zogierTi naklis miuxedavad, yuradsaRe- saerTo suraTs: sabWoTa xelisuflebis sam-
bia misi naSromebi: `saqarTvelos istoria. saxurSi myofi aTeulobiT istorikosi meore
XIX s.~(1954 w.), `saqarTvelos istoria (XIX- msoflio omis Semdgom periodSi agrZeleb-
XX ss.)~ (1959 w.) da `saqarTvelos istoria. da saqarTvelos axali istoriis gayalbebis
1801-1890~(1977 w.)3. abel kikviZem didi muSao- im tradicias, romelsac saTave XX saukunis
ba gaswia manamde ucnobi saarqivo masalebis 20-30-ian wlebSi daudes filipe maxaraZem da
moZiebisa da gaanalizebis TvalsazrisiT giorgi xaWapuriZem. qarTulma sabWoTa is-
da, ramdenadac sabWoTa cenzura saSualebas toriografiam saqarTvelos axali istoriis
iZleoda, uaryo XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi (1801-1918) gayalbebis TvalsazrisiT mZime
filipe maxaraZisa da giorgi xaWapuriZis mier memkvidreoba datova. calkeuli istoriko-
damkvidrebuli bevri mcdari debuleba. sis naSromebs rom ar SevexoT, istoriis gay-
simon xundaZis mier wamoyenebuli da albebis masStabebis SecnobisaTvis sakmari-
sabWoTa ideologiisaTvis miuRebeli bev- sia ``saqarTvelos
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebis
narkvevebis~~ rva-
ri Tvalsazrisis dacvas Seecada leonide tomeulis meoTxe tomis bolo sami Tavis, mex-
gorgilaZe 1961 wels gamocemul monogra- uTe da meeqvse tomebis,8 aseve ``saqarTvelos
saqarTvelos
fiaSi `qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis komunisturi partiis istoriis~
istoriis samtomeulis
istoriidan~.4 pirveli tomis9 dasaxeleba. es ori gamocemac
sabWoTa istoriografiaSi damkvidre- kmara imis dasturad, Tu ra doneze xdebo-
buli dogmebis aSkarad Tu SefarviT uaryo- da saqarTvelos axali istoriis ara marto
fis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa maqsime ber- calkeuli faqtisa da movlenis, aramed mTe-
ZniSvilis ortomeuli `XIX saukunis pirveli li istoriuli procesis gayalbeba, rogor
naxevris qarTuli sazogadoebriobis istori- iCqmaleboda gamoCenil moRvaweTa roli saqa-
isaTvis~ (1980-1983ww.)5da aleqsandre bendi- rTvelos istoriaSi, rogor iqmneboda crug-
aniSvilis èrovnuli sakiTxi saqarTveloSi mirebis galerea. xSir SemTxvevaSi avtorebi,
1801-1921 ww.~ (1980 w.) yuradRebas imsaxurebs sxvadasxva mosazrebiT, imaze metad scodavd-
aseve aleqsandre bendianiSvilis `saqarT- nen WeSmaritebas, vidre amas sabWoTa poli-
velos istoria. 1801-1921~ (1999 w.)6. tikuri reJimi iTxovda, Sesabamisad, avtorTa
Sinagani cenzura kidev ufro amZimebda mkac-
velos urTierTobis istoriidan. Tbilisi, 1955; ri sabWoTa cenzuris mier dakanonebul Sez-
Александрэ Пирцхалаишвили. Города Закавказия (В XIX Rudvebs.
в. до реформ 1874 г.), Тбилиси , 2002. ivane javaxiSvilis, simon janaSia-
1
mamia dumbaZe.
dumbaZe dasavleT saqarTvelo XIX saukunis
sa da niko berZeniSvilis `saqarTvelos
pirvel naxevarSi. Tbilisi, 1957.
2 istoriis~gamocemiT did tradicias Caeyara
qveli CxataraiSvili.
CxataraiSvili guriis samTavros SeerTeba
ruseTTan. Tbilisi, 1985. safuZveli. saqarTvelos Zveli da Sua sau-
3
abel kikviZe. saqarTvelos istoria. XIX s. Tbili- kuneebis istoriis gaazreba Zneli aRar iyo,
si, 1954; abel kikviZe. saqarTvelos istoria.( XIX- samagierod, kvlav grZeldeboda saqarTvelos
XX ss.) Tbilisi, 1959; abel kikviZe. saqarTvelos axali istoriis (1801-1918) gayalbeba. am ten-
istoria.1801-1890. Tbilisi, 1977. denciam Tavi iCina niko berZeniSvilis, varlam
4
l. gorgilaZe. qarTuli sazogadoebrivi az-
7
rovnebis istoriidan. Tbilisi, 1961. kote anTaZe. saqarTvelos mosaxleoba XIX sau-
5
maqsime berZniSvili. XIX saukunis pirveli nax- kuneSi (istoriul-demografiuli gamokvleva).
evris qarTuli sazogadoebriobis istoriisaTvis. Tbilisi, 1973.
8
tomi I-II, Tbilisi, 1980-1983. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi rva tomad.
6
aleqsandre bendianiSvili. erovnuli sakiTxi tomi IV-VI, Tbilisi, 1973-1980.
9
saqarTveloSi 1801-1921 ww. Tbilisi, 1980; ale- saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis istoriis
qsandre bendianiSvili.
bendianiSvili saqarTvelos istoria. narkvevebi. sam nawilad. nawili pirveli. Tbilisi,
1801-1921. Tbilisi, 1999. 1971.
13
donduas, mamia dumbaZis, iuri kaWaravas, giorgi wlebis miwurulisa da 90-iani wlebis dam-
meliqiSvilis, SoTa mesxiasa da prokofi ratia- degidan dRemde gamoqveynda mravali naSromi,
nis avtorobiT 1958 wels gamocemul `saqarT- romelTa nawili saqarTvelos axali istorio-
velos istoriis~ saxelmZRvaneloSi, romelic grafiis miRwevad unda CaiTvalos. miuxedavad
saSualo skolis VII-X klasebisaTvis iyo gan- warmatebebisa, aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos axa-
kuTvnili.1 saxelmZRvanelos pirveli nawili li istoriis (1801-1918) srulyofili Seswav-
(uZvelesi droidan XVIII saukunis bolomde), lisagan jer kidev Sors varT. saqarTvelos,
romlis avtorebi arian niko berZeniSvili, ruseTisa da evropis qveynebis arqivebSi dac-
varlam dondua, giorgi meliqiSvili da SoTa uli dokumentebisa da masalebis didi nawili
mesxia, dawerilia ivane javaxiSvilis skolis isev elodeba mkvlevars.
miRwevebze dayrdnobiT, xolo meore nawili, winamdebare naSromi emyareba qarTul,
1801-1918 wlebis istoria, arsebiTad gayal- rusul da sxva ucxo enebze gamoqveynebul
bebulia. igive iTqmis prokofi ratianis, abel wyaroebsa da samecniero gamokvlevebs. am sa-
kikviZis, iuri kaWaravasa da akaki surgulaZis mecniero literaturis nawili, ZiriTadad qa-
avtorobiT 1962 wels gamocemul `saqarT- rTul da rusul enaze arsebuli, Cven zemoT
velos istoriaze~ (t. II).2 kidev ufro mZimea mimovixileT. garda am avtorebisa, naSromSi
suraTi 1960 wels iuri kaWaravas, nikoloz asaxva hpova qarTvel istorikosTa naRvawma,
maxaraZis, nikoloz sturuasa da akaki sur- romelTa Soris pirvel rigSi unda movixse-
gulaZis `saqarTvelos istoriisa~ (t. III)3 da nioT: valerian maWaraZe, givi Jordania, varlam
1968 wels gamocemul luka cixisTavis, ilia donaZe, irakli anTelava, mixeil gocaZe, pro-
maxaraZisa da mixeil cercvaZis `saqarTvelos kofi ratiani, dermiSa gogolaZe, giorgi paiWa-
istoriis~4 saxelmZRvaneloebSi. samwuxaroa, Ze, grigol margiani, trifon xundaZe, iason xu-
rom nayalbevi istoria rusul enazec icemo- ciSvili, abesalom ioviZe, guram SaraZe, gior-
da. 1968 wels rusulad daibeWda iuri kaWara- gi SaraZe, ioseb bocvaZe, nodar tabiZe, giorgi
vas, nikoloz maxaraZis, nikoloz sturuas, ZiZaria, petre vaWriZe, oTar Jordania, zurab
akaki surgulaZis, cecilia kalandaZis, miron papaskiri, abel surgulaZe, jemal gamaxaria,
qoCiaSvilis, mayvala narTmelaZisa da sandro manana xomeriki, merab kezevaZe, akaki gelaSvi-
CxartiSvilis `saqarTvelos istoria~.5 li, mixeil rexviaSvili, dimitri SveliZe, SoTa
vadaWkoria, guram marxulia, giorgi mWedl-
iZe, malxaz sioriZe, goderZi vaWriZe, jemal
*** karaliZe, sulxan kupraSvili, gela saiTiZe,
beJan xorava, avTandil sonRulaSvili, omar
XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis Sua xanebi- gogiaSvili, oTar janeliZe, gvanca burduli,
dan sabWoTa politikuri reJimis Sesustebisa maka kvaracxelia, dodo beriZe, daviT malazo-
da sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis pirobebSi qa- nia, Tamaz jologua, levan tyeSelaSvili.
rTvel istorikosebs saqarTvelos axali is- ruseTis imperiisa da sabWoTa istorio-
toriis obieqturad kvlevis SesaZlebloba grafiaSi gansakuTrebiT tendenciurad iyo
miecaT. viTareba kidev ufro xelsayreli warmodgenili XIX saukunis pirveli mesamedis
gaxda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdge- erovnuli moZraobis istoria. erovnuli moZ-
nis Semdeg (1990-1991 ww.). XX saukunis 80-iani raobis obieqturi istoriis Seqmnis mizniT
didi muSaoba gaswies da soliduri mono-
1
n. berZeniSvili, v. dondua, m. dumbaZe, i. kaWarava, grafiebi gamoaqveynes manana xomerikma6 da
g. meliqiSvili, S. mesxia, pr. ratiani. saqarTvelos akaki gelaSvilma.7
istoria. Tbilisi, 1958 saqarTvelos axali istoria (1801-1918),
2
pr. ratiani, ab. kikviZe, i. kaWarava, ak. surgulaZe. cxadia, srulyofilad ver warmoCindeba saqa-
saqarTvelos istoria. Tbilisi, 1962.
3 6
i. kaWarava, n. maxaraZe, n. sturua da ak. surgulaZe. manana xomeriki. imereTis samefos gauqmeba,
saqarTvelos istoria. III. Tbilisi, 1960. 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba da imereTis bagra-
4
l. cixisTavi, il. maxaraZe, m. cercvaZe. saqarT- tionebi. Tbilisi, 2012; manana xomeriki. 1832 wlis
velos istoria. Tbilisi, 1968. SeTqmulebis monawile beri filadelfos kiknaZe.
5
Ю. Качарава, Н. Махарадзе, Н. Стуруа, А. Сургуладзе, Tbilisi, 1999; manana xomeriki. werilebi. Tbilisi,
Ц. Каландадзе, М. Кочиашвили, М. Натмеладзе, С. 2006.
Чхартишвили. История Грузии. III. Учебное пособие. 7
akaki gelaSvili. kaxeTis 1812 wlis ajanyeba.
Тбилиси, 1968. Tbilisi, 2003.
14
vaxtang guruli
rTvelos eklesiis istoriis gareSe, konkre- es problemebi gamokvleuli iqna mit-

tulad, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs iseTi mniS- ropolit anania jafariZisa1 da profesor
vnelovani sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa: saqarT- sergo vardosaniZis2 mier.
velos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba ru- naSromis calkeul TavSi gamoviyeneT
seTis mier; qarTveli samRvdeloeba avtoke- Cven mier sxvadasxva arqivSi moZiebuli doku-
faliis gauqmebis Semdeg, brZola avtoke- mentebi da masalebi, romlebze dayrdnobiT-
faliis aRdgenisaTvis, saqarTvelos eklesiis ac Tavis droze davwereT ramdenime aTeuli
avtokefaliis aRdgena. monografia da samecniero statia.
1
mitropoliti anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos sa-
mociqulo eklesiis istoria. Tbilisi, 2009; mit-
ropoliti anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos saekle-
sio krebebi. wigni I.sakanonmdeblo krebebi XII-XX
saukeneebSi. Tbilisi, 2003; mitropoliti anania
jafariZe. saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi. wigni
III. mimdinare krebebi (XIX-XX saukeneebi). Tbilisi,
2003;
2
sergo vardosaniZe. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-
li samociqulo eklesia 1917-1952 wlebSi. Tbili-
si, 2001; sergo vardosaniZe. qarTveli mRvdelm-
Tavrebi (XIX-XX saukuneebSi). Tbilisi, 2010.
15
Tavi I. saqarTvelos teritoria, mosaxleoba, socialuri struqtura
§1. saqarTvelos teritoria da mosaxleoba tabawyuris tbasa da mdinare mtkvars taSis-

karTan da gadadioda lixis qedze. qarTl-
1. teritoria. XVIII saukunis miwuruli-
kaxeTis samefos CrdiloeTidan esazRvre-
sa da XIX saukunis damdegisaTvis saqarT-
boda oseTi, qisteTi da daRestani; Crdilo-
velos istoriul teritoriaze arsebobda
aRmosavleTidan _ War-belaqnis ubatono
ori samefo da oTxi samTavro: qarTl-kaxeTis
Temebi; aRmosavleTidan _ Saqis (nuxis) saxano;
samefo, imereTis samefo, samegrelos samTavro,
samxreTidan _ ganjisa da erevnis saxanoebi,
guriis samTavro, afxazeTis samTavro, svaneTis
samxreT-dasavleTidan _ axalcixis safaSo;
samTavro. saqarTvelos istoriuli terito-
dasavleTidan _ imereTis samefo.
riis mniSvnelovani nawili uSualod osmale-
imereTis samefos oseTidan gamoyofda
Tisa da iranis SemadgenlobaSi iyo moqceuli
kavkasionis mTavari qedi, samegrelos sam-
da iq qarTvel mefe-mTavarTa iurisdiqcia ar
Tavrodan _ ZiriTadad mdinare cxeniswyali,
vrceldeboda. istoriuli hereTis nawili _
guriis samTavrodan _ mdinare cxeniswylis
War-belaqani,, romelic aRmosavleTidan ekv-
War-belaqani
SesarTavsa da mefiswyaros mTas Soris gama-
roda kaxeTs, de iure iranis Semadgenloba-
vali xazi da axalcixis safaSosagan _ mesx-
Si Sedioda, Tumca de faqto iq Tavisufali
eTis qedi.
Temebi (islamis rjulze moqceuli qarTvele-
guriis samTavro mdebareobda axalcixis
bi) mosaxleobdnen. XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi War-
safaSos, Sav zRvas, samegrelos samTavro-
belaqanSi mtkiced moikides fexi lekebma,
sa da imereTis samTavros Soris. samTavros
saidanac isini Tavs esxmodnen saqarTvelos
CrdiloeT sazRvari gadioda mdinare fiCxo-
sxvadasxva kuTxes, ZiriTadad _ kaxeTsa da
ras gaswvriv mdinare malTayvas SesarTavidan
qarTls. saqarTvelos istoriuli terito-
mdinare cxeniswylis SesarTavamde. samxreT
riis nawili (qarTlis samxreTi da kaxeTis
sazRvari _ mesxeTis qedis gayolebiT mdinare
samxreT-aRmosavleT raionebi) aseve irans
Coloqis SesarTavidan mefiswyaros mTamde.
hqonda mitacebuli da iranis administraci-
samegrelos samTavrosa da guriis samTav-
ul-teritoriuli dayofis mixedviT, erevnis,
ros Soris sadavo iyo mdinareebs fiCxorasa
ganjis, Saqis (nuxis) saxanoebSi Sedioda. saqa-
da rions Soris mdebare teritoria; samegre-
rTvelos istoriuli teritoriis nawili _
los samTavrosa da imereTis samefos Soris
samxreT da samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo _
_ leCxumi; samegrelos samTavrosa da afxa-
samcxe-saaTabago, aWara, arTvini _ osmaleTs
zeTis samTavros Soris _ mdinareebs engur-
hqonda mitacebuli. es teritoria, osmale-
sa da RaliZgas Soris mdebare teritoria _
Tis administraciul-teritoriuli dayofis
samurzayano.
mixedviT, Sedioda trapizonis, Cildiris (ax-
svaneTis samTavro mdebareobda mdinare
alcixis) da yarsis safaSoebSi.
engurisa da mdinare cxeniswylis zemowelSi.
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Crdilo-dasav-
svaneTi iyofoda `sadadiano~ da `sadadeSqe-
leT sazRvari mniSvnelovanwilad scilde-
liano,~ anu sabatono, svaneTad. sadadeSqe-
boda lixis qeds, xolo CrdiloeT sazRvari _
liano svaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda
kavkasionis mTavar qeds da gadakveTda dasav-
Tavisufali TemebiT dasaxlebuli ùbatono~
leT saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis
svaneTi.
zogierTi mdinaris zemowels. aRmosavleTis
afxazeTis samTavros, romelic kavkasi-
sazRvari eSveboda kavkasionis qedis samxreT
onis mTavar qedsa da Sav zRvas Soris mde-
kalTaze da Semdeg gasdevda mdinare alaznis
bareobda, Crdilo dasavleTidan didad avi-
qvemo dinebas SesarTavamde, saidanac mdinare
wroebda osmaleTisagan welgamagrebuli
mtkvris gayolebiT iwyeboda samxreTi sazR-
jiqTa tomebi. jiqebma samTavros sazRvari
vari, romelic mdinare ZegamCaisa da mdinare
Jvava-kvarasa da bzifis wyalgamyofamde gad-
TausCais Soris uxvevda sevanis tbisaken da
moswies.
gadioda Sahdakisa da bambakis qedebze mdin-
SavizRvispira simagreebi: foTi, anaklia
are arpaCaimde. samxreT-dasavleT sazRvari
da soxumi epyra osmalebs.
gasdevda mdinare arpaCaisa da mdinare karaxa-
2. mosaxleoba. XIX saukunis damdegisaT-
nis wyalgamyofs, javaxeTis qeds, gadakveTda
vis saqarTvelos mosaxleobis raodenobis
16
vaxtang guruli
Sesaxeb zusti cnobebi ar mogvepoveba. rusu- rusuli wyaroebis mixedviT 75 aTas suls
li wyaros mixedviT, 1800 wels qarTl-kaxeTis udrida, saqarTvelos mTeli mosaxleoba 760
samefoSi daaxloebiT 40.000 komli cxovrob- aTasi unda yofiliyo.
da. Tu CavTvliT, rom TiToeul komlSi oTxi meore kameraluri aRwera yofil qarTl-
suli mainc iricxeboda, samefos mosaxleoba kaxeTis samefoSi 1816-1817 wlebSi, xolo yo-
160.000 suli yofila. meore rusuli wyaros fil imereTis samefoSi _ 1823 wels Catarda.
mixedviT, 1801 wels qarTl-kaxeTis samefo- 1823 wels Catarebuli aRwera pirveli iyo
Si daaxloebiT 35.000 komli cxovrobda, ma- imereTisaTvis, romlis gadasaxadebis gadamx-
Sasadame, samefos mosaxleoba 140.000 suls deli mosaxleoba am droisaTvis 111,7 aTass
Seadgenda. 1802 wels xelisuflebam yofili Seadgenda. maT Soris _ quTaisis okrugSi _
qarTl-kaxeTis teritoriaze mosaxleobis aR- 28,3 aTasi, vakis okrugSi _ 31,1 aTasi, Sorap-
weris Catareba gadawyvita, magram saqme bo- nis okrugSi _ 28,8 aTasi, raWis okrugSi _ 23,5
lomde ver miiyvana. aTasi.
1803-1805 wlebSi Catarda yofili qa- mesame kameraluri aRwera 1831-1832 wleb-
rTl-kaxeTis samefos mosaxleobis pirve- Si Catarda. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi aRwera
li kameraluri aRwera
aRwera.. kameraluri aRwera ganxorcielda Tbilisis, siRnaRis, duSeTisa
moicavda mxolod gadasaxadebis gadamxdel da goris mazrebSi, mTiuleTis, TuSeTis, fSa-
mosaxleobas. amasTan erTad, mamakacebisagan vis, xevsureTisa da borCalos distanciebSi;
gansxvavebiT, saTanado siebSi qalebis mx- dasavleT saqarTveloSi: Sorapnis, quTaisis,
olod raodenobas miuTiTebdnen, saxelsa da vakisa da raWis okrugebSi; samxreT saqarT-
gvars ar aRniSnavdnen. kameraluri aRwera veloSi: walkis distanciaSi da nawilobriv
ar exeboda privilegirebul wodebebs (Ta- axalcixis olqSi. mesame kameraluri aRweris
vadebs, aznaurebs), ruseTis jars (oficrebs, dros ar aRuricxavT islamis aRmsarebeli qa-
jariskacebs, momsaxure personals) da ucxo lebi, aRwera ar Sexebia samegrelos, guriis,
qveynebis qveSevrdomebs. pirveli kameraluri afxazeTisa da svaneTis samTavroebs, aseve,
aRweris Sedegebi Sejamda 1806 wels. aRwer- Sida qarTlSi mcxovreb osebs, da osmaleTis
is mixedviT, yofili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos SemadgenlobaSi myof aWaras. mesame kamer-
teritoriaze 153,6 aTasi suli cxovrobda, aluri aRweris mixedviT, saqarTveloSi sul
maT Soris, q. TbilisSi _ 5,2 aTasi, Tbilisis 830,8 aTasi suli cxovrobda, (q. TbilisSi 24,2
(lores) mazraSi _ 3,6 aTasi, siRnaRis mazraSi aTasi, Tbilisis mazraSi _ 15,6 aTasi, goris
_ 32 aTasi, goris mazraSi _ 33,4 aTasi, duSe- mazraSi _ 62,5 aTasi, duSeTis mazraSi _ 29,8
Tis (ananuris) mazraSi _ 12,6 aTasi. Telavis aTasi, Telavis mazraSi _ 62,7 aTasi, siRnaRis
mazraSi _ 30,4 aTasi, bambakis distanciaSi _ mazraSi _ 63,7 aTasi, mTiuleTis distanciaSi
5,2 aTasi, borCalos distanciaSi _ 8,6 aTasi, _ 14,3 aTasi, TuSeTis distanciaSi _ 4,8 aTasi,
SamSadilus distanciaSi _ 6 aTasi, yazaxis fSavis distanciaSi _ 4,1 aTasi, xevsureTis
distanciaSi _ 16,6 aTasi, sul _ 153,6 aTasi
aTasi.. distanciaSi _ 3 aTasi, borCalos distanciaSi
pirveli kameraluri aRwera ar Catarebula _ 26 aTasi, walkis distanciaSi _ 5,2 aTasi,
mTiuleTSi, xevsureTSi, fSavsa da TuSeTSi. quTaisis okrugSi _ 41,1 aTasi, Sorapnis ok-
1811 wels, rusuli wyaros mixedviT, qarTl- rugSi _ 41,2 aTasi, vakis okrugSi _ 45,6 aTasi,
kaxeTis yofil samefoSi 144 aTasi suli cxov- raWis okrugSi _ 34,4 aTasi). saqarTvelos da-
robda, imereTis yofil samefoSi _ 276 aTasiaTasi,, narCeni teritoriis mosaxleoba 1832 wlisaT-
samegrelos samTavroSi _ 72 aTasi,
aTasi, afxazeTis vis gamoTvlilia miaxloebiT. am droisaTvis
samTavroSi _ 90 aTasi,
aTasi, guriis samTavroSi _ 92 samTavroebis mosaxleobis raodenoba aseTi
aTasi.. statistikur masalebSi calkea gamoyo-
aTasi unda yofiliyo: samegrelosi _ 123 aTasi,
fili foTis simagris mosaxleoba (2,5 aTasi) afxazeTisa _ 90 aTasi, svaneTisa _25 aTasi,
da soxumis simagris mosaxleoba (3,5 aTasi), guriisa _ 31 aTasi, aWarisa _ 30 aTasi. ax-
aseve, erT dros saqarTvelodan axalcixis alcixis olqis mosaxleoba udrida 35 aTass,
safaSoSi gaqceuli da ukan dabrunebuli mo- Sida qarTlSi cxovrobda 18 aTasi osi.
saxleoba (6.000). saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 1860-1861 wlebSi kameraluri aRwera Cat-
mTeli raodenoba 686 aTass Seadgenda. Tu am arda siRnaRis, Telavis, TianeTis, duSeTis,
monacemebs davumatebT aWaris, samcxe-saaTa- goris, Tbilisisa da ozurgeTis mazrebSi;
bagosa da svaneTis mosaxleobas, romelic, 1864 wels _ quTaisis, Sorapnis, raWis, axal-
17
cixis mazrebSi, 1867 wels zugdidis, senakisa kuTvnilebis, aramed mSobliuri enis safuZ-
da leCxumis mazrebSi, 1868 wels _ soxumis velze. rogorc cnobilia, mSobliuri ena da
okrugSi, 1864 wels _ q. TbilisSi. am peri- erovneba zogjer ar emTxveva erTmeneTs. 1801
odSi aRwera ar Catarebula mxolod svaneTis wels saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erovnuli
saboqaulosa da osmaleTis imperiis Semad- Semadgenloba ruseTis samxedro mosamsaxu-
genlobaSi myof aWaraSi. aRweril teritori- reebis (oficrebisa da jariskacebis) da ucxo
aze cxovrobda: qalaq TbilisSi _ 60,1 aTasi, qveynebis qveSevrdomebis gareSe aseT suraTs
siRnaRis mazraSi _ 70,7 aTasi, Telavis maz- iZleoda: qarTveli _ 670 aTasi, (78,82%), so-
raSi _ 48,2 aTasi, TianeTis mazraSi _ 26,5 mexi _ 40 aTasi (4,71%), TaTari da Turqi _ 40
aTasi, duSeTis mazraSi _ 50,2 aTasi, goris aTasi (4,71%), osi _ 31,5 aTasi (3,71%), rusi
mazraSi _ 87,4 aTasi, Tbilisis mazraSi _ 39,2 _ 0(0%), afxazi _ 60 aTasi (7,06%), berZeni _
aTasi, borCalos mazraSi _ 41,6 aTasi, axalqa- 0(0%), ebraeli _ 6,5 aTasi (0,76%), germaneli
laqis mazraSi _ 37,5, axalcixis mazraSi _ _ 0(0%), sxvadasxva erovneba _ 2 aTasi (0,23%).
31,9, Sorapnis mazraSi _ 94,1, quTaisis maz- 1832 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos mosaxleobis
raSi _115,1 aTasi, raWis mazraSi _ 42,5 aTasi, erovnuli Semadgenlobis suraTi Seicvala da
leCxumis mazraSi _ 33,2, zugdidis mazraSi _ igi ase gamoiyureboda: qarTveli _ 702 aTas
85,6 aTasi, senakis mazraSi _ 86,2 aTasi, ozur- i(73,83%), somexi
somexi_
_ 94 aTasi(9,88%), TaTari da
geTis mazraSi _ 42,8 aTasi, soxumis okrugSi Turqi _ 36,3 aTasi (3,81%), osi _ 34,3 aTa-
_ 60,7 aTasi. am droisaTvis, rusuli wyaros si (3,60%), rusi _ 0,5 aTasi (0,05%), afxazi _
mixedviT, osmaleTis SemadgenlobaSi myo- 66 aTasi (6,94%), berZeni _ 7,3 aTasi (0,77%),
fi aWaris mosaxleoba daaxloebiT 30 aTass ebraeli _ 7aTasi (0,74%), germaneli _ 1,8
udrida. aWaris mosaxleobis gaTvaliswinebiT aTasi (0,19%), sxvadasxva erovneba _ 1,8 aTasi
aRweril im teritoriaze, sadac aRwera Cat- (0,19%). 1864 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos mosaxle-
arda, 1 milion 95 aTasi adamiani cxovrobda. obis erovnulma Semadgenlobam aseTi saxe mi-
1873 wlisaTvis imave teritoriaze mosaxleo- iRo: qarTveli _ 955,2 aTasi (73,36%), somexi
bis raodenoba 1 milion 294 aTass
aTass,, xolo 1886 _ 132,9 aTasi (10,20%), TaTari da Turqi 51,3
wels _ 1 milion 638 aTass udrida. aTasi (3,94%), osi _ 48,5 (3,73%), rusi _ 19
ruseTis imperiaSi, maT Soris saqarT- aTasi (1,46%), afxazi _ 66 aTasi (5,07%), ber-
veloSi, yvelaze srulyofilad mosaxleobis Zeni 12,1 aTasi (0,93%), ebraeli _ 6,9 aTasi
aRwera 1897 wels Catarda. am droisaTvis (0,74%), germaneli _ 4 aTasi (0,31%), sxvadasx-
saqarTvelos istoriul teritoriaze 1 mil- va erovnebis _ 3,4 aTasi (0,26%). 1886 wlis mo-
ion 914 aTasi (1.914.000) adamiani cxovrob- nacemebi aseTia: qarTveli _ 1 milion 188 aTas
da. am raodenobaSi ar Sedis rus samxedro 400 (72,08%), somexi _ 177 aTasi (10,74%), Ta-
mosamsaxureTa (oficrebisa da jariskacebis) Tari da Turqi _ 68,8 aTasi (4,17%), osi _ 76
da ucxo qveynebis qveSevrdomTa raodenoba. aTasi (4,61%), rusi _ 46,7 aTasi (2,83%), afxazi
1897 wlisaTvis Tbilisis mosaxleoba 159,6 _ 35 aTasi (2,12%), berZeni _26,4 aTasi (1,60%),
aTass udrida. danarCeni mosaxleoba mazrebis ebraeli _14,7 aTasi (0,89%), germaneli _6,5
mixedviT ase nawildeboda: siRnaRis _ 102,3 aTasi (0,39%), sxvadasxva erovneba _ 9,3 aTasi
aTasi, Telavis _ 66,8 aTasi, TianeTis _ 33 (0,57%). 1897 wlis sayovelTao aRweris mixed-
aTasi, duSeTis _ 67, 7 aTasi, goris _ 191,1 viT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erovnuli
aTasi, Tbilisis _ 75 aTasi, borCalos _ 82,5 Semadgenloba aseTi iyo: qarTveli _ 1 mil-
aTasi, axalqalaqis _ 72,7 aTasi, axalcixis _ ion 313 aTas 700 (70,35%), somexi _ 195,3 aTasi
68,8 aTasi, Sorapnis _ 156,6 aTasi, quTaisis (10,46%), TaTari da Turqi _ 81,1 aTasi (4,34%),
_ 221,7 aTasi, raWis _ 60,4 aTasi, leCxumis osi _ 85,1 aTasi (4,56%), rusi _ 76,4 aTasi
_ 47,8 aTasi, zugdidis _ 114,9 aTasi, senakis (4,09%), afxazi 39,6 aTasi (2,12%), berZeni _
_ 115,8 aTasi, ozurgeTis _ 90,3 aTasi, baTu- 34,2 aTasi (1,83%), ebraeli - 17,2 aTasi (0,92%),
mis okrugi (aWara) _ 80 aTasi, soxumis okrugi germaneli _ 7,8 aTasi _ (0,42%), sxvadasxva
(afxazeTi) _ 107,1 aTasi. erovneba _ 17 aTasi (0,915%).
ruseTis imperiis mier Catarebuli kam- ruseTis imperiis mier samxreT kavkasiis
eraluri aRwerebisa da 1897 wlis sayovel- (amierkavkasiis) dapyrobis Semdeg, XIX sauku-
Tao aRweris dros mosaxleobis erovnuli neSi, regionSi SeiniSneba mosaxleobis zrda.
Semadgenloba ganisazRvreboda ara erovnuli qarTvelTa xvedriTi wili izrdeboda ro-
18
vaxtang guruli
gorc bunebrivi matebis, ise War-belaqnis, cixe-simagreebs waagavdnen, vidre qalaqebs.

afxazeTis, samcxe-saaTabagos, aWarisa da sxva qarTlSi dasaxlebuli punqtebis am kategori-
ZirZveli qarTuli teritoriebis iranisa da as miekuTvnebodnen:
miekuTvnebodnen: ali, ananuri, ateni, axal-
osmaleTis Semadgenlobidan ruseTis imperiis gori, axaldaba, axalqalaqi, duSeTi, mZovreTi,
SemadgenlobaSi gadasvlis xarjze. 1800-1832 surami, cxinvali; imereTis samefoSi: saCxere,
wlebSi qarTvelTa saSualo-wliuri mateba Cixori, Cxari, xoni, oni
oni;; samegrelos samTavro-
TiTqmis nulis toli iyo, 1832-1965 wlebSi Si: zugdidi, ruxi;
ruxi; guriis samTavroSi _ ozur-
_ 1,51 %; 1865-1886 wlebSi _ 1,63%; 1886-1897 geTi;; osmaleTis mflobelobaSi Savi zRvis
geTi
wlebSi _ 0,98%. Cven ar mogvepoveba miaxloe- sanapiroze: anaklia, baTumi, biWvinTa, soxumi,
biTi cnobebic ki 1800 wlisaTvis osmaleTis foTi,, qobuleTi
foTi qobuleTi;; xolo samcxe-saaTabagoSi
SemadgenlobaSi Semaval aWaraSi qarTvelTa maTve epyraT: axalcixe, awyuri, axalqalaqi,
raodenobis Sesaxeb. 1886 wlisaTvis aWara- xerTvisi;
Si 60.000 qarTveli cxovrobda. mecnierebi XIX saukunis pirvel mesamedSi saqalaqo
varaudoben, rom 1800 wlisaTvis aWaraSi cxovrebaSi raime mniSvnelovani Zvra ar momx-
30.000 qarTveli cxovrobda. Tu es gamoTvla dara. gardatexa saqalaqo cxovrebaSi Seitana
sworia, maSin samxreT kavkasiaSi 1800 wlisaT- batonymobis gauqmebam da rkinigzebis gayvanam,
vis qarTvelTa raodenoba 615.000 suli yo- XIX saukunis 60-90-ian wlebSi ki kapitalizmis
fila. es ki imas niSnavs, 1800-1886 wlebSi ganviTarebam. 1801 wels TbilisSi 20 aTasi
qarTvelTa saSualo wliuri mateba 1,12%-is mcxovrebi iyo, xolo 1803 wels _ 14,6 aTasi.
toli yofila. Sesabamisad, 615.000 sulidan am periodSi Tbilisis mosaxleoba ar Semcire-
(1800 w.) qarTvelTa raodenoba 6.895 sulamde bula. 1803 wels mosaxleobis aRwerisas aras-
gazrdila. qarTvelTa matebis es tempi didad rulwlovnebi (bavSvebi) ar SeutaniaT. 1801
Camouvardeboda somexTa zrdis temps. 1800- wlisaTvis quTaisis, goris, Telavis, siRnaRis
1832 wlebSi somexTa saSualo wliuri mateba mosaxleoba didi ar yofila, TiToeul qalaq-
5,75%-s udrida, 1832-1886 wlebSi _ 4,31%-s, Si daaxloebiT 10 aTasi mcxovrebi iyo; mcire
1886-1897 wlebSi _ 1,07%-s. samxreT kavka- qalaqebSi: baTumSi, soxumSi, foTSi, axalqa-
siaSi swrafad izrdeboda rusuli mosaxleo- laqSi, ozurgeTsa da duSeTSi TiToeulSi _
ba. 1832-1865 wlebSi rusTa saSualo wliuri 5 aTasi. sul 1801 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos 12
mateba 6,66%-s udrida. samefo da mcire qalaqSi daaxloebiT 45 aTasi
XX saukunis damdegidan pirveli msoflio mcxovrebi iyo. 1832 wels TbilisSi, quTaisSi,
omis dawyebamde (1914 w.) saqarTvelos mo- baTumSi, axalcixeSi, siRnaRSi, gorSi, Telav-
saxleobis erovnuli Semadgenloba kidev Si, foTSi, soxumSi, axalqalaqSi, ozurgeTsa
Seicvala. rusi kolonistebis Semoyvanis xar- da duSeTSi 62 aTasi mcxovrebi aRiricxeboda,
jze gaizarda rusTa xvedriTi wili. pirve- 1864 wels _ 106 aTasi, 1873 wels _ 126 aTasi,
li msoflio omis wlebSi, kerZod, 1915 wli- 1886 wels _ 194,1 aTasi, 1897 wels _ 236,4 aTa-
dan saqarTvelos Tavi Seafara osmaleTidan si. 1832 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi
devnilma somxobam, ramac mniSvnelovnad gaz- qalaqebis mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili iyo:
arda mosaxleobaSi somexTa xvedriTi wili. 6,51%, 1864 wels _ 8,14%, 1873 wels _ 8,76%,
1886 wels _ 11,77%, 1897 wels _ 12,66%.
1897 wlis sayovelTao aRwerisas sofle-
bidan gamoyves 31 qalaqi da qalaqis tipis
§2. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis socialuri
dasaxleba, romlebic 7 jgufad daiyo:
struqtura
1. SedarebiT ganviTarebuli qalaqebi:
qalaqebi:
1. qalaqebi da qalaqis mosaxleoba. XVIII Tbilisi (159,6 aTasi mcxovrebi), quTaisi (32,5
saukunis miwurulisaTvis saqarTvelos isto- aTasi mcxovrebi), baTumi (28,5 aTasi mcxovre-
riul teritoriaze eqvsi qalaqi iyo gaSeneb- bi);
uli: Tbilisi, Telavi, siRnaRi, gori, quTaisi, 2. qalaqebi, romlebic warmoadgendnen
axalcixe.. axalcixis garda, romelic osmale-
axalcixe administraciul, xelosnobisa da vaWrobis
Tis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda, yvela samefo centrebs:: axalcixe (15,4 aTasi mcxovrebi),
centrebs
qalaqs warmoadgenda., XVIII saukunis miwuru- gori (10,3 aTasi mcxovrebi), siRnaRi (9 aTasi
lisaTvis saqarTveloSi mTeli rigi mcire mcxovrebi), Telavi (8,8 aTasi mcxovrebi), sox-
qalqebic iyo, romlebic ufro soflebsa da umi (8 aTasi mcxovrebi);
19
3. dabebi da soflebi, romlebic war- Seadgenda 646 sasoflo sazogadoebas. saso-

moadgendnen administraciul, xelosnobisa flo sazogadoebis Semcireba gamowveuli iyo
da vaWrobis centrebs
centrebs:: axalqalaqi (5,4 aTasi imiT, rom moxda sasoflo sazogadoebebis
mcxovrebi), ozurgeTi (4,7 aTasi mcxovrebi), gamsxvileba.
Sulaveri (4,6 aTasi mcxovrebi), zugdidi (3,4, 1886 wlis aRweriT, saqarTveloSi yovel
aTasi mcxovrebi), duSeTi (2,6 aTasi mcxovre- sofelze saSualod modioda 412 mcxovrebi,
bi), yvirila (zestafoni) (2 aTasi mcxovrebi) 1897 wels _ 446 mcxovrebi. saSualod, erT
oni (1,3 aTasi mcxovrebi), axali senaki (1,2 sofelSi mcxovrebTa yvelaze meti raodenoba
aTasi mcxovrebi), TianeTi (1,1 aTasi mcxovre- aRricxuli iyo zugdidisa da siRnaRis maz-
bi), cageri (0,7 aTasi mcxovrebi); rebSi, yvelaze naklebi _ TianeTisa da duSe-
4. xelosnobisa da vaWrobis kerebi:
kerebi: surami Tis mazrebSi, baTumis okrugSi.
(3,4 aTasi mcxovrebi), Cxari (3 aTasi mcxovre- 1886 wels saqarTveloSi saSualod yovel
bi), lailaSi (1,6 aTasi mcxovrebi), anaklia (0,6 sasoflo sazogadoebaze modioda 5 sofeli
aTasi mcxovrebi); da 2118 mcxovrebi, xolo 1897 wels _ 6 sofeli
5. satransporto qalaqebi da dabebi:dabebi: 2496 _ 2543 mcxovrebi. 1886-1897 wlebSi saso-
foTi (7,3 aTasi mcxovrebi), xaSuri (3,8 aTasi flo sazogadoebis ricxvi ucvlelad darCa
mcxovrebi), samtredia (1,4 aTasi mcxovrebi), Telavis, Tbilisis, borCalos, axalqalaqis,
redut-kale (0,8 aTasi mcxovrebi); quTaisis, Sorapnis, leCxumis, zugdidis, sena-
6. samTo-mompovebeli daba _ WiaTura (0,9 kisa da ozurgeTis mazrebSi; erTidan xuT
aTasi mcxovrebi); erTeulamde Semcirda siRnaRis, duSeTisa da
7. sakurorto dabebi:
dabebi: borjomi (2,7 aTasi TianeTis mazrebSi; erTi erTeuliT gaizarda
mcxovrebi), gudava (1,1 aTasi mcxovrebi), abas- axalqalaqis mazraSi. sasoflo sazogadoe-
Tumani (1,2 aTasi mcxovrebi), avera (0,5 aTasi bebis ricxvi gansakuTrebiT Semcirda go-
mcxovrebi). ris mazraSi (121 sazogadoebidan darCa _41)
2. soflebi da soflis mosaxleoba. saqa- da raWis mazraSi (32 sasoflo sazogadoebi-
rTvelos soflebisa da soflis mosaxleobis dan darCa _ 18). baTumis okrugSi sasoflo
SedarebiT zusti aRricxva 1886 wels, sao- sazogadoebis ricxvi gaizarda 69 sazoga-
jaxo siebis Sedgenisas, ganxorcielda. 1886 doebidan 79 sazogadoebamde, xolo soxumis
wels saqarTveloSi 3.551 sofeli iyo, maT okrugSi _ 24 sazogadoebidan 69 sazogadoe-
Soris, siRnaRis mazraSi _ 58, Telavis maz- bamde. 1897 wlis aRweris mixedviT, mosaxle-
raSi _ 63, TianeTis mazraSi _ 230, duSeTis obis raodenobis mixedviT soflebi daiyo 7
mazraSi _ 428, goris mazraSi _ 691, Tbilisis kategoriad: uwvrilesi (50 mcxovreblamde),
mazraSi _ 156, borCalos mazraSi _ 219, ax- wvrili (51_100 mcxovrebi), patara (101-200
alqalaqis mazraSi _ 109, axalcixis mazraSi _ mcxovrebi), saSualo (201-500 mcxovrebi),
195, Sorapnis mazraSi _ 216, quTaisis mazraSi didi (501_1000), msxvili (1001_2000), umsx-
_ 194, raWis mazraSi _ 130, leCxumis mazraSi vilesi (2000 mcxovrebze meti).
_ 189, zugdidis mazraSi _ 75, senakis mazra- 3. socialuri wodebebi. 1886 wlis sao-
Si _ 130, ozurgeTis mazraSi _ 76, baTumis jaxo siebisa da 1897 wlis sayovelTao aRwer-
okrugSi _ 246, soxumis okrugSi _ 146. 3.551 is mixedviT, socialuri wodebebi asea war-
sofeli Seadgenda 691 sasoflo sazogadoe- modgenili: 1. Tavadebi da aznaurebi;
aznaurebi; 2. sam-
bas. 1897 wlis sayovelTao aRweris mixedviT, Rvdeloeba;; 3. sapatio moqalaqeni;
Rvdeloeba moqalaqeni; 4. vaWrebi
vaWrebi;;
saqarTveloSi 3.686 sofeli iyo, maT Soris, 5. mdabioni (meSCanebi); 6. glexoba, danarCeni
siRnaRis mazraSi _ 58, Telavis mazraSi _ 63, wodebani.. socialuri wodebis aRuniSnavad
wodebani
TianeTis mazraSi _ 230, duSeTis mazraSi _ calkea gamoyofili ucxo qveynis qveSevrdo-
426, goris mazraSi _ 686, Tbilisis mazraSi mebi.
_ 134, borCalos mazraSi _ 224, axalqalaqis 1886 wlis saojaxo siebis mixedviT, saqa-
mazraSi _ 108, axalcixis mazraSi _ 193, Sorap- rTveloSi aRricxuli iyo 85 aTasi Tavadi da
nis mazraSi _ 216, quTaisis mazraSi _ 194, aznauri,, rac mosaxleobis 5,19%-s Seadgenda.
aznauri
raWis mazraSi _ 120, leCxumis mazraSi _ 189, 1897 wlis sayovelTao aRweris mixedviT, Ta-
zugdidis mazraSi _ 115, senakis mazraSi _ 130, vadebisa da aznaurebis raodenobam 115 aTass
ozurgeTis mazraSi _ 128, baTumis okrugSi miaRwia, rac mosaxleobis 6,01 %-s Seadgenda.
_ 296, soxumis okrugSi _ 176. 3.686 sofeli wina wlebSi Tavadebisa da aznaurebis Sesaxeb
20
vaxtang guruli
cnobebi ar mogvepoveba, radgan kameraluri ricxuli iyo 1.400.900 glexi (mTeli mosaxleo-
aRwerebis dros mxolod gadamxdeli mobis 85,51%), xolo 1897 wels _ 1.582.000 (mTeli
saxleoba aRiricxeboda. mecnierebma gamoT- mosaxleobis 82,65%).
vales, rom 1832 wlisaTvis Tavadebisa da azn- mecnierebma gamoTvales, rom 1832 wels
aurebis raodenoba daaxloebiT 55 aTasi unda qarTl-kaxeTis mTeli mosaxleobis raodeno-
yofiliyo. ba Seadgenda 352,7 aTass.
aTass. aqedan glexTa Sida
1886 wlis saojaxo siebis mixedviT, saqa- diferenciacia aseT suraTs qmnida: saxelm-
rTveloSi aRricxuli iyo 25,5 aTasi RvTismsax- wifo _171,6 aTasi, saeklesio _ 45,3 aTasi,
uri,, rac mTeli mosaxleobis 1,56%-s Seadgen-
uri sabatono _ 118,7 aTasi. guria-imereTis mTe-
da. 1897 wlis sayovelTao aRweris mixedviT, li mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 264,5
samRvdeloebis raodenobam 34 aTass miaRwia, aTass.. aqedan saxelmwifo glexi _ 42,3 aTasi,
aTass
rac mTeli mosaxleobis 1,77%-s udrida. 1886 saeklesio _ 32,4 aTasi, sabatono _ 160,3 aTa-
wlis saojaxo siebSi yvela aRmsareblobis sasi. samegrelo-svaneTis mTeli mosaxleobis
suliero wodebaa dafiqsirebuli. 1886 wels raodenoba Seadgenda 150,3 aTass
aTass.. aqedan sax-
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samRvdeloe- elmwifo glexi _ 3,5 aTasi, saeklesio _ 20,5
ba 20,3 aTass udrida, somxur-gregorianuli aTasi, sabatono _ 113 aTasi. aWaris mTeli
_ 3,1 aTass, kaTolikuri _ 0,4 aTass, islamuri mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 30 aTass. aTass.
(sunituri) _ 1,5 aTass, danarCeni (ebrauli, aqedan saxelmwifo glexi _ 28,1 aTasi, saekle-
Siituri, luTeranuli) _ 0,2 aTass. ufro ad- sio _ 0, sabatono _ 0. afxazeTis mTeli mo-
reuli wlebSi saqarTvelos marTmadidebeli saxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 90 aTass.
aTass. aqe-
samRvdeloebis raodenobis Sesaxeb cnobebi dan saxelmwifo glexi _ 0,5 aTasi, saeklesio
ar mogvepoveba. 1886 wlisa da 1897 wlis mona- _ 0, sabatono _ 81,5 aTasi. samcxe-saaTabagos
cemebze dayrdnobiT mecnierebma gamoTvales, mTeli mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 63,5
rom 1832 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi daaxloe- aTass,, aqedan saxelmwifo glexi _ 61,8 aTasi,
aTass
boT 12-16 aTasi marTlmadidebeli RvTismsax- saeklesio _ 0, sabatono _ 0. sul 1832 wels
uri unda yofiliyo. saqarTveloSi iyo: saxelmwifo glexi _ 307,8
sapatio,, anu saxelovani
sapatio saxelovani,, moqalaqeoba ru- aTasi, saeklesio _ 98,2 aTasi, sabatono _
seTis imperiaSi 1785 wlidan dawesda. saqarT- 473,5 aTasi.
veloSi sapatio moqalaqis wodebis SemoRebis 1864 wels qarTl-kaxeTis mTeli mosaxle-
sakiTxi 1809 wels wamoiWra. 1816 wels spe- obis raodenoba Seadgenda 484,2 aTass.
aTass. aqedan
cialurad Seqmnilma komisiam ruseTis im- saxelmwifo glexi _ 264 aTasi, saeklesio _
periis xelisuflebas warudgina Tbilisis 61,5 aTasi, sabatono _135,2 aTasi. guria-imere-
pirvelxarisxovan moqalaqeTa sia, romelSic Tis mTeli mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda
79 ojaxi iyo CamoTvlili. 1861 wels impera- 385,1 aTass.
aTass. aqedan saxelmwifo glexi _ 71,4
toris brZanebiT, am 79 ojaxis wevrTa da STa- aTasi, saeklesio _ 54,7 aTasi, sabatono _ 216
momavalT (daaxloebiT 500 adamians) memkvi- aTasi. samegrelo-svaneTis mTeli mosaxleo-
dreobiT daumtkicda sapatio moqalaqis wo- bis raodenoba Seadgenda 206,4 aTass
aTass.. aqedan
deba. 1886 wels saqarTveloSi aRricxuli iyo saxelmwifo glexi _ 21,67aTasi, saeklesio
6,8 aTasi sapatio moqalaqe,
moqalaqe, mTeli mosaxleo- _ 27,6 aTasi, sabatono _ 138,9 aTasi. aWaris
bis 0,41%, xolo 1897 wels _ 7,1 aTasi sapatio mTeli mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 42
moqalaqe,, mTeli mosaxleobis 0,37%.
moqalaqe aTass.. aqedan saxelmwifo glexi _ 39,3 aTasi,
aTass
vaWari 1886 wels saqarTveloSi aRricx- saeklesio _ 0, sabatono _ 0. afxazeTis mTeli
uli iyo 4,7 aTasi (mTeli mosaxleobis 0,29%), mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 90 aTass. aTass.
xolo 1897 wels _ 6,4 aTasi (mTeli mosaxleo- aqedan saxelmwifo glexi _ 1 aTasi, saeklesio
bis 0,34 %). _ 0, sabatono _ 81 aTasi. samcxe-saaTabagos
sakmao didi iyo mdabioTa (meSCanTa) ra- mTeli mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 94,3
odenoba. 1886 wels aRricxuli iyo 112 aTasi aTass,, aqedan saxelmwifo glexi _ 91,8 aTasi,
aTass
mdabio (mTeli mosaxleobios 6,84%), xolo saeklesio _ 0, sabatono _ 0. sul 1864 wels
1897 wels am cifrma 128,6 aTass (mTeli mo- saqarTveloSi iyo: saxelmwifo glexi _ 489,1
saxleobis 6,72 %) miaRwia. aTasi, saeklesio _ 143,8 aTasi, sabatono _
yvelaze mravalricxovan socialur wo- 571,1 aTasi.
debas warmoadgenda glexoba
glexoba.. 1886 wels aR- saqarTvelos mosaxleobis wodebrivi
21
Semadgenloba 1832 wlisa da 1864 wlis mona- wavlo da aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebebSi

cemebis mixedviT aseT suraTs iZleoda: 1832 _ 0,29%, samecniero, literaturul da sax-
wels saqarTvelos mTeli mosaxleoba udri- elovnebo dawesebulebebSi _ 0,07%, samedi-
da 951 aTass
aTass,, aqedan Tavadi da aznauri iyo cino da sanitarul dawesebulebebSi _ 0,20%,
50 aTasi, samRvdeloeba _ 20 aTasi, sapatio saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebSi _ 0,01%,
moqalaqe _ 2 aTasi, qalaqeli _ 7 aTasi, sax- kerZo samsaxurSi (Sina mosamsaxureni da dRi-
elmwifo glexi 273 aTasi, saeklesio glexi _ uri muSebi) _ 3,97%. mosaxleobis danarCeni
98 aTasi, sabatono glexi _ 473 aTasi, aWaris nawili Semosavals Rebulobda: uZrav-moZravi
glexebi _ 28 aTasi. 1864 wels saqarTvelos qonebidan, _ 2,77%, xazinidan, sazogadoe-
mTeli mosaxleoba iyo 1.302.000
1.302.000,, aqedan Ta- brivi dawesebulebebidan da kerZo pirebidan
vadi da aznauri iyo 68 aTasi, samRvdeloeba _ 0,43%, miwaTmoqmedebidan _ 72,77 %, me-
_ 26 aTasi, sapatio moqalaqeni _ 4 aTasi, qa- futkreobidan da meabreSumeobidan _ 0,05%,
laqelebi _ 24 aTasi, saxelmwifo glexi 426 mecxoveleobidan _ 1,98%, metyeveobidan da
aTasi, saeklesio glexi _ 144 aTasi, sabatono satyeo sarewebidan _ 0,33%, meTevzeobidan da
glexi _ 571 aTasi, aWaris glexi _ 39 aTasi. monadireobidan _ 0,07%, madneulis mopove-
biTa da maRaroSi muSaobiT _ 0,08%, liTonis
gamodnobiT _ 0,01%, xis damuSavebiT 0,53%,
*** liTonis damuSavebiT _ 0,89%, keramikis damza-
debiT _ 0,17%, spirtis arayis, TafluWis,
1897 wlis sayovelTao aRweris masalebis ludis gamoxdiT _ 0,03%, Tambaqos moyvani-
mixedviT, SeiZleba davadginoT saqarTvelos Ta da misi nawarmiT _ 0,04%, poligrafiuli
orive sqesis mosaxleobis saqmianobis sfero. warmoebiT _ 0,011%, saiuveliro warmoebiT
administraciaSi,sasamarTlosa da polici- _ 0,13%, tansacmlis kerviT _ 1,37%, binebis
aSi msaxurobda mTeli mosaxleobis 0,75%, mSenebloba-mowyobiTa da samWedlo samuS-
sazogadoebriv da wodebriv organizaciebSi _ aoebiT _ 1,48%, rkinigziT _ 0,68%, fosta-
0,21 %, kerZo iuridiul samsaxurebSi _0,5%, telegrafiTa da telefoniT _ 0,13%, savaWro
armiaSi _2,7%, marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi _ SuamavlobiT _ 0,08%. 1897 wels Tavisufleba
0,80%, sxva qristianul eklesiebSi _ 0,08%, hqonda aRkveTili da sasjels ixdida saqarT-
sxvadasxva religiur konfesiaSi _ 0,05%, sas- velos mTeli mosaxleobis 0,09%.
22
vaxtang guruli
Tavi II. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba ruseTis imperiis mier (1798-1801)
§1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos1 gauqmebis momzadeba xanis memkvidre, iranis Sahi feThi ali ((baba
baba
(1798-1800) xani),, avariis xani omari da sxva daRestneli
xani)
mflobelebi.
1. viTareba qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi er-
aRa mahmad xanis mier Tbilisis darbevis
ekle II-is gardacvalebis Semdeg.
Semdeg. giorgi XII-is
Semdeg dedaqalaqSi imdenad gausaZlisi md-
gamefeba. 1798 wlis 11 ianvars TelavSi gar-
gomareoba Seiqmna, rom mefe da samefo saxli
daicvala qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II. tax-
TelavSi gadavidnen. avadmyofobam da Sem-
tze avida misi ufrosi vaJi giorgi. giorgi
deg sikvdilma erekle II-s ar daacala taxtis
XII-s
XII-s uaRresad rTul saSinao da sagareo vi-
memkvidreobis Sesaxeb aqtis Secvla, romlis
TarebaSi gamefda. aRa mahmad xanis Semosevis
mixedviTac unda Secvliliyo memkvidreo-
(1795 w.) Sedegad mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani
bis wesi: taxtze mefis gardacvalebis Semdeg
raodenoba an brZolaSi daiRupa, an mterma
unda asuliyo ara mefis ufrosi vaJi, aramed
tyved waiyvana, gaCanagda qveynis ekonomika,
Zmebs Soris ufrosi. erekle II-s Zmebi ar hyav-
daeca qarTuli jaris brZolisunarianoba,
da, amitom misi gardacvalebis Semdeg taxts
jari praqtikulad artileriis gareSe dar-
ufrosi vaJi giorgi daikavebda. taxtis mem-
Ca. samefoSi Seqmnil rTul viTarebas kidev
kvidreobis axali wesi garTulebebs giorgi
ufro amZimebda dapirispireba samefo saxlSi:
XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg gamoiwvevda: Zve-
darejan dedofali da misi Svilebi: iuloni
iuloni,,
li wesiT, taxtze unda asuliyo mefe giorgi
aleqsandre, vaxtangi da farnavazi samkvdro-
XII-is ufrosi vaJi daviTi
daviTi,, axali wesiT, _ er-
sasicocxlod daupirispirdnen giorgi XII-s
ekle mefis momdevno vaJi iuloniiuloni,, rogorc
da mis ufros vaJs taxtis memkvidre daviTs
daviTs..
ZmebSi ufrosi. cxadia, taxtis memkvidreobis
daZabuli iyo sagareo viTarebac. aRa mahmad
axali wesiT Seuracxyofili darCa erekle me-
xanis mkvlelobam (1797 w.) iranidan momdin-
fis ufrosi vaJi giorgi. mamis sicocxleSi,
are safrTxe ver gaaneitrala. qarTl-kaxeTis
ra Tqma unda, giorgis ukmayofileba aSkarad
samefoze salaSqrod emzadeboda aRa mahmad
ar gamouTqvams, magram naTeli iyo, rom tax-
1
tis memkvidreobis axali wesis miRebis mTavar
XVIII saukunis miwurulisa da XIX saukunis damde-
iniciator darejan dedofals (erekle mefis
gis qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa da ruseTis imperiis
urTierTobis amsaxvel oficialur dokumentebSi mesame meuRles, batoniSvil iulonis dedas)
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos nacvlad, iSviaTi gamon- giorgi taxtze daviT batoniSvilis uflebis
aklisis garda, ixmareba saqarTvelos samefo an Selaxvas ar apatiebda.
saqarTvelo. am SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos samefoSi dedofalma darejanma mefe erekle dai-
an saqarTveloSi ar moiazreboda imereTi, samegre- yolia da giorgi batoniSvili Telavidan
lo, guria, afxazeTi da svaneTi. 1801 wels Seqmnil moicila. formaluri sababi batoniSvilis
saqarTvelos guberniaSi mxolod qarTl-kaxeTis
TbilisSi gagzavnisa dedaqalaqSi mimdinare
samefos teritoria unda Sesuliyo. 1801 wels
aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis xelmZRvaneloba iyo.
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad daniSnuli general-
leitenant karl kroningis, 1802 wels saqarT- giorgi avlabarSi cxovrobda da energiulad
velos mTavarsardlad daniSnuli general-leit- xelmZRvanelobda qalaqis aRdgenis saqmes.
enant pavel cicianovisa da 1802 wels TbilisSi masTan erTad imyofeboda ufrosi vaJi ba-
daarsebuli saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis toniSvili daviTi. Tbilisidan giorgi ba-
iurisdiqcia mxolod qarTl-kaxeTis yofili same- toniSvili yazaxSi, sofel sala-oRliSi ga-
fos teritoriaze vrceldeboda. saqarTvelos davida da yazaxis gavleniani TaTrebi Semoi-
mmarTvelic mxolod qarTl-kaxeTis mmarTveli
kriba. TaTrebma batoniSvili didi pativiT
iyo. saqarTvelos samefosa da saqarTvelos gver-
diT rusul oficialur dokumentebSi ixsenieba:
miiRes. samefo karze arsebuli viTarebis Ses-
imereTis samefo (an imereTi
imereTi), samegrelos samTavro axeb cnobebs giorgi batoniSvili regularu-
(an samegrelo
samegrelo), guriis samTavro (an guria
guria), afxaze- lad Rebulobda. jer kidev mefe erekles
Tis samTavro (an afxazeTi
afxazeTi). rodesac saqarTvelos gardacvalebamde dedofalma darejanma ini-
rusuli mmarTvelobis Sesaxebaa saubari, ofi- ciativis xelSi aReba scada da nawilobriv
cialur dokumentebSi aseve erTmaneTis gverdiT moaxerxa kidac. 1798 wlis 5 ianvars darejan
ixsenieba saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba (Seiqmna dedofalma werili gaugzavna ruseTis imper-
1802 w.) da imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba (Seiqmna
ator pavel I-s. werilidan irkveva, rom 1797
1810 wels).
23
erekle II
wels ruseTis imperators qarTl-kaxeTis me- eqvsi Tve avadmyofobda da araTu dezer-
fisaTvis saqarTveloSi myofi ruseTis jari- tirebis Sepyroba, aramed pavel I-is werilsac
dan sxvadasxva dros gaqceuli jariskacebis ver gascnobia. 1797 wels qarTl-kaxeTis same-
Sepyroba da ruseTSi gagzavna uTxovia. dedo- fodan ruseTis jaris gasvlis Semdeg nawili
fali Tavs imarTlebda imiT, rom mefe erekle dezertirebisa SeupyriaT, nawils ki samefos
24
vaxtang guruli
datoveba mouxerxebia. darejan dedofa- risiT yvela ufleba ekuTvnis mas. dae, mefe
li Tavisi da Svilebis saxeliT imperators giorgis meuRle iwodebodes mefis sacoled.~
hpirdeboda, rom dezertir jariskacebs ka- sityvis dasrulebis Semdeg sulxan TumaniS-
vkasiis xazis mTavarsardal ivan gudoviCs ga- vilma ikiTxa, vin iyo aseTi gadawyvetilebis
dascemda. 1798 wlis 5 ianvarsve dezertiri momxre. SekrebilT Soris dumilma daisadgu-
jariskacebis Sesaxeb imave Sinaarsis werili ra. sulxan TumaniSvilma isev kiTxviT mimar-
dedofalma ruseTis dedofal marias da ru- Ta SekrebilT: `ras gvibrZanebT, ra pasuxi mi-
seTis imperiis kancler aleqsandr bezborod- vutanoT Cvens aq gamomgzavnebs?~ dumili arc
kosac gaugzavna. amjerad darRveula. sulxan TumaniSvilma
1798 wlis ianvarSi Telavidan sala-oR- kiTxva isev gaimeora. SekrebilT gamoeyo xar-
liSi Cavida macne da giorgi batoniSvils er- WaSneli mTavarepiskoposi (ColoyaSvilebis
ekle mefis gardacvalebis ambavi Seatyobina. sagvareulodan), romelic adre ufliswul
imave dRes batoniSvilma Tavis erTgulebaze giorgis karis moZRvari iyo. mTavarepiskop-
daafica masTan myofi Tavadebi da aznaurebi. osma SekrebilT ase mimarTa: `me Tqven Soris
mefes pirvelma Sehfica Tavadma ioane bagra- yvelaze mdabali var da amitom ufleba ar
tionma (muxranbatonma),
(muxranbatonma), Semdeg daifica yaza- mqonda pirvels melaparaka. yvelani dumxarT,
xisa da borCalos TaTrebis zeda fenam. gior- amitom SekrebilTa saxeliT me vityvi. mipa-
gis pirvel xanebSi gadawyvetili hqonda nax- suxeT, ras uwodeben aqauri gziris cols?~
evarZmis, aleqsandre batoniSvilis, dapatim- ramdenime adamianma erTad upasuxa: `gziris
reba. erekle mefis avadmyofobis periodSi cols~. aseTi pasuxis Semdeg mTavarepiskop-
giorgisa da aleqsandres urTierToba Zalian osma SekrebilT kiTxviT mimarTa: àmis Sem-
daiZaba. gavrcelda xmebi, TiTqos aleqsan- deg kidev gsurT, mefis cols dedofali ar
dre Tbilisis dakavebas da qarTlis mefed vuwodoT?~ iq myofTa Soris bevrs gaeRima,
Tavis gamocxadebas apirebda. giorgim ale- Tumca sityva aravis dauZravs. sulxan Tu-
qsandre ver Seipyro, radgan am ukanasknelma maniSvilma ganacxada, rom dedofalsa da
duSeTs Seafara Tavi. yazaxisa da borCalos patriarqs SekrebilTa pasuxs gadascemda.
TaTrebis daficebis Semdeg giorgi gorSi TelavSi, sasaxlis win gamarTuli Sekrebis
Sevida da qarTlis Tavadebis nawili da go- Sesaxeb momxreebma moaxsenes giorgi batoniS-
ris mosaxleoba daafica Tavis erTgulebaze. vils. Sekrebis monawileni saTiTaod ga-
mefe erekles gardacvalebis Semdeg giorgi mocxaddnen darejan dedofalTan da giorgi
da aleqsandre batoniSvilebis garda, TiTq- batoniSvilTan (igi jer kidev ar Casuliyo
mis yvelam TelavSi, darejan dedofalTan TelavSi) morCilebisa da erTgulebis gamo-
moiyara Tavi. Telavamde miaRwia xmebma, rom saxatavad. darejan dedofali mixvda, rom
giorgi batoniSvilma yazaxis, SamSadilusa da Seqmnil viTarebaSi umjobesi iqneboda masa
goris mosaxleoba, aseve qarTlis Tavadebis da mis Svilebs batoniSvili giorgi qarTl-
nawili Tavis erTgulebaze daafica. dare- kaxeTis mefed ecnoT. man Seadgina dokumenti,
jan dedofali, misi Svilebi da maTi momxre romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom dedofali da
Tavadebi mixvdnen, rom brZola taxtisaTvis misi Svilebi Tanaxmani iyvnen, rom taxtze ba-
wagebuli hqondaT, Tumca erTbaSad danebebas toniSvili giorgi asuliyo. dokuments xels
mainc ar apirebdnen. darejan dedoflis gan- awerdnen dedofali da batoniSvilebi. weri-
kargulebis Tanaxmad, TelavSi, mefis sasax- lobiTi Tanxmobis gagzavnasTan erTad dare-
lis win, Seikribnen batoniSvilebi, Tavadebi jan dedofalma giorgi mamis dakrZalvaze
da sxva didmoxeleni, aseve meufeebi. erekle miiwvia. darejan dedoflis Svilebma giorgis
mefis mdivanma sulxan TumaniSvilma Sekre- sTxoves eklesiebSi wirvisas pirvelad moex-
bilT ase mimarTa: `mTavarepiskoposebo, epis- senebinaT darejan dedofali, xolo Semdeg _
koposebo da Tavadebo! Cven TqvenTan mogvav- mariam dedofali. giorgisagan aseTi pasuxi
lines dedofalma da uwmindesma kaTalikosma, miiRes: TelavSi Camoval da dedoflis yvela
raTa gamogicxadoT, rom Cven Tanaxma varT moTxovnas davakmayofileb, oRond davicav
qarTl-kaxeTis mefed vcnoT batoniSvili yvela tradiciaso. giorgi pirobas sdebda,
giorgi. radgan dedofali darejani, uflis rom mefis dakrZalvaze ganmkargulebeli
nebiT, janmrTeladaa, mas sruli ufleba aqvs iqneboda darejan dedofali, radgan Tavad
ataros dedoflis tituli da am Tvalsaz- samefos saqmeebiT iyo dakavebuli. giorgi
25
TelavSi 1798 wlis 22 Tebervals Cavida. am XII-is saxeliT.

droisaTvis mefe erekles cxedari Telavidan 2. giorgi XII-is pirveli nabijebi saSinao
gamosvenebuli iyo da procesia mcxeTisaken da sagareo politikaSi.
politikaSi. darejan dedofali,
miemarTeboda. TelavSi batoniSvil giorgis batoniSvilebi da maTi momxreebi garegnu-
daxvdnen dedofali darejani, batoniSvili lad mainc Seurigdnen giorgi XII-is gamefebas,
vaxtangi da kaTolikos-partiarqi anton I. dedofalma mefes gaugzavna mefe ereklesagan
samefo saxlis sxva wevrebi mcxeTisaken mi- danatovari sagvareuli xatebi da Zvirfaseu-
maval procesias gahyolodnen. giorgi dare- loba. giorgi XII-m mxolod xatebi daitova,
jan dedofals eaxla da erTad daitires mama Zvirfaseuloba ki dedofals daubruna. mefis
da qmari. dedinacvalma da germa sxvadasxva mxridan es keTilSobiluri Jesti iyo, nabiji
sakiTxze isaubres. saubris bolos giorgim Serigebisa da Tanxmobisaken. Serigeba ki ar
darejan dedofals pirdapir ganucxada, rom Sedga. darejan dedofali da batoniSvilebi
igi ar apirebda samefo misi karnaxiT emar- TavianT saufliswuloebSi dabrundnen da
Ta, radgan man taxti miiRo rogorc mefis giorgi XII-is winaaRmdeg momxreebis darazmva
ufrosma Zem, mamisaganve memkvidreobiT miiRo daiwyes. arc dedofali da arc batoniSvilebi
SeuzRudavi Zalaufleba. mefis brZanebis Sesrulebas savaldebulod
batoniSvilma giorgim TavisTan ixmo ar miiCnevdnen. darejan dedoflisa da ba-
goris mTavarepiskoposi da sTxova, rom re- toniSvilebis saZrax saqmeTa Sesaxeb saqmis
galiis Sesabamisad srulad Semosiliyo, Tan kursSi iyo mefe. miuxedavad amisa, mefe gior-
hqonoda saxareba da jvari. amis Semdeg giorgi mainc cdilobda naxevarZmebTan, erekle II-
gim Telavis sasaxleSi miiwvia samefo saxlis isa da darejan dedoflis vaJebTan, iulon-
wevrebi, Tavadebi da didmoxeleni. mowveulTa Tan, vaxtangTan, aleqsandres, farnavazsa da
nawili batoniSvil giorgis gamefebis momxre mirianTan, kargi urTierTobis damyarebas.
iyo da, amdenad, mzad iyo, momavali mefis mefem darejan dedofals sTxova daxmareba
winaSe erTgulebis fici daedo. mowveulTa gaewia aleqsandre batoniSvilis Semorigeba-
umravlesoba darejan dedoflis momxre iyo Si. dedofalma aleqsandre TavisTan moixmo,
da surda samefos marTva-gamgeoba darejan magram man naxevarZmasTan Serigebaze uari ga-
dedoflis xelSi gadasuliyo. giorgim kargad nacxada. aleqsandrem dedas ganucxada: mefes
icoda SekrebilTa ganwyobileba, isic kargad imitom ar Sevurigdebi, rom igi ar daicavs
uwyoda, rom darbazSi umravlesobas darejan taxtis memkvidreobis im wess, romelic er-
dedofis momxreebi Seadgendnen. miuxedavad ekle mefem daamtkicao. aleqsandre batoniS-
amisa, momavali mefe darbazSi Sevida mefuri vili borCaloSi gaemgzavra. giorgi XII-m Tavis
RirsebiT, sruliad mSvidi, Tavdajerebuli vaJs, ioane batoniSvils, daavala, aleqsandre
da gadamwyveti brZolisaTvis mzad. am drois- Tundac Zalis gamoyenebiT daebrunebina ukan.
aTvis sasaxles giorgis momxreebi icavdnen, aleqsandre batoniSvilma Seityo Tu ara, rom
darbazis karTanac ki isini idgnen. es imas mefes misi Sepyroba surda, borCalodan axal-
niSnavda, rom darejan dedoflis momxreebi cixeSi, xolo axalcixidan imereTSi gadavida.
Zalas veRar gamoiyenebdnen. giorgim ise, rom amis Semdeg mefe giorgim darejan dedofals
saxeze mRelvareba ar dastyobia, mtkice xmiT mis winaaRmdeg mtrul moqmedebaSi dasdo
warmoTqva: `mSobeli Cemi gardaicvala. me misi brali da kuTvnili soflebi CamoarTva. sau-
ufrosi Svili var da samefo unda FCavibaro. fliswulo CamoarTves aleqsandre batoniS-
ai, jvari da saxareba. visac gsurT. Semomfi- vilsac. amis Semdeg mefem batoniSvilebis
ceT me, visac ar surs, mibrZandiT aqedan~. iulonisa da vaxtangis Seviwroeba daiwyo.
darejan dedoflis momxreebma icodnen, rom marTalia, giorgi XII-m 1798 wlis gazaf-
darbazidan da sasaxlidan versad gavidod- xulsa da zafxulSi darejan dedoflis, ba-
nen. maT raimes mofiqrebis droc aRar dar- toniSvilebisa da maTi momxre Tavadebis
CaT. giorgim sityva daasrula Tu ara, misma ganeitraleba SeZlo, magram aman samefos simS-
momxreebma erTxmad SesZaxes: `gaumarjos mefe vide ver moutana. darejan dedofali kvlav
giorgis!~ darbazSi myofTagan yvelam daifi- cdilobda giorgi XII-Tvis erTmmarTveloba
ca. meore dRes, 1798 wlis 23 Tebervals, ar daenebebina. dedofalma mefesTan SeuTanx-
Telavis sakaTedro taZarSi, batoniSvili meblad isev daiwyo mimowera ruseTis impera-
giorgi oficialurad ekurTxa mefed giorgi torsa da dedofalTan. 1798 wlis 10 marts
26
vaxtang guruli
darejan dedofalma meore werili gaugza- aslan orbeliani saswrafod gamoiwvia axal-
vna imperators. dedofali werda: 11 ianvars cixidan. viziti stambolSi ar Sedga.
gardaicvala qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle da giorgi XII urTules viTarebaSi avida
amieridan Tqven garda me da Cems Svilebs nu- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos taxtze. aRa mahmad
geSismcemeli da mfarveli aRar gvyavso. am xanis Semosevis (1795 w.) Sedegad, rogorc
Sesavlis Semdeg dedofali pavel I-s mefe er- zemoT aRvniSneT, daiRupa uamravi adamiani,
ekles danabarebs amcnobda: mefes dedoflisa kidev ufro meti tyved iqna wayvanili. Zl-
da SvilebisaTvis adrec mravalgzis uTqvams ieri dartyma miiRo qveynis isedac sustma
da sikvdilis dRes kvlav gaumeorebia, ruse- ekonomikam, dacarielda saxelmwifo xazina,
Tis mfarvelobis qveS iyaviT da erTgulad romlis Sevsebis seriozuli wyaro samefoSi
emsaxureT imperatorso. 10 martsve imave aRar arsebobda. gaRatakebulma mosaxleobam,
Sinaarsis werili darejan dedofalma ruse- romelic kidev ufro mZime mdgomareobaSi
Tis imperiis dedofal mariasac gaugzavna. Caagdo Savma Wirma, gadaxdis unari dakarga.
1798 wlis 14 maiss pavel I-s, xolo 18 maiss uamravi komli marCenalis gareSe darCa, mTe-
dedofal marias darejan dedofalma kvlav li rigi soflebi gaukacrielda. yovelive
gaugzavna werilebi. maTSi sxva, SedarebiT um- zemoT Tqmulma Zlieri dartyma miayena qa-
niSvnelo ambebis gverdiT, gamokveTilia mTa- rTul jars. praqtikulad, qarTl-kaxeTis
vari: darejan dedofali pavel I-sa da dedo- samefo organizebuli samxedro Zalis gareSe
fal marias erTgulebas eficeboda. darCa, jaris gamokvebisa da SeiareRebis sax-
niSandoblivia, rom qarTl-kaxeTis mefe srebi saxelmwifos aRar gaaCnda. samefo kari
giorgi XII-m ruseTis imperator pavel I-s isev TelavSi imyofeboda, radgan Tbilisi
pirveli werili 1798 wlis 30 ivniss gaugza- nangrevebad iyo qceuli. TbilisSi gadmos-
vna. mefe giorgi imperators sTxovda daemt- vlis Semdeg mefe cxovrobda mTel qalaqSi
kicebina igi qarTl-kaxeTis mefed, batoniSvi- gadarCenil erTaderT SenobaSi _ Tavad bebu-
li daviTi _ taxtis memkvidred, rogorc amas Tovis saxlSi. aqve daasrula man sicocxle.
georgievskis traqtati iTvaliswinebda. bune- giorgi XII-s sxva mxrivac mZime memkvidreoba
brivia, rom am saTxovriT, mefe, faqtobrivad, daxvda. erekle II-is mefobis bolo xanebSi,
georgievskis traqtatis erT-erTi muxlis gansakuTrebiT misi avadmyofobis periodSi,
aRsrulebis TxovniT. qarTl-kaxeTis mefes darejan dedofali da batoniSvilebi yovel-
taxtze asvlisTanave unda miemarTa ruseTis gvar zRvars gadavidnen _ saufliswuloebis
imperatorisaTvis. oTxi TviT dagvianebas se- gafarToebis mizniT isini sul axal da axal
riozuli mizezi hqonda. rogorc Cans, giorgi miwebs itacebdnen. usamarTloba gabatonda
XII sagareo-politikuri kursis gadasinjvas yvelgan. giorgi XII-s, romelsac sul ufro
apirebda. 1795 wlis seqtemberSi datriale- da ufro asustebda avadmyofoba, arc fizi-
buli tragediis Semdeg es sulac ar iyo mou- kuri da arc sulieri simtkice aRar yofnida
lodneli. yovel SemTxvevaSi, dadasturebu- win aRdgomoda mzard anarqias. gamefebidan
lia is, rom mefe osmaleTis sulTanTan urT- ramdenime TveSi mefes avadmyofobam imdenad
ierTobis damyarebas cdilobda. Tavadi aslan daria xeli, rom Tavad bebuTovis saxlidan
orbeliani (mefis qvisli) saidumlo misiiT aRar gamodioda. mefis avadmyofoba kidev
stambolSi gaemgzavra. gzad giorgi XII-is ufro did stimuls aZlevda mis mowinaaRm-
elCma axalcixeSi Seiara da faSas stambolSi degeebs, pirvel rigSi _ darejan dedofalsa
gamgzavrebis nebarTva sTxova. sanam axalcix- da batoniSvilebs. aseT viTarebaSi samefos
is faSa stambolidan pasuxs miiRebda, saqarT- marTva-gamgeoba mefis axloblebs, samefo
veloSi dabrunda mefis ufrosi vaJi taxtis saxlis wevrebs, unda ekisraT. samwuxarod,
memkvidre daviTi
daviTi,, romelic jer kidev erekle samefo karze ver Seiqmna is birTvi, romelic
II-is sicocxleSi ruseTSi iyo gagzavnili samx- am umZimes viTarebaSi mefes gverdiT daudge-
edro ganaTlebis misaRebad. batoniSvili ar- boda. mefis Tanamoazreebis nacvlad Tavad
tileristis profesias daeufla da ruseTis bebuTovis saxlSi ufro xSirad Cndebodnen
jarSi msaxurobda. taxtis memkvidrem mefes qarTl-kaxeTis samefos karze ruseTis impe-
sasixarulo ambavi Camoutana: imperatori pav- riis sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli piotr
el I qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mimarT keTilgan- kovalenski,, ruseTis jaris meTauri general-
kovalenski
wyobas iCenso. am ambis SetyobisTanave mefem maiori ivan lazarevi,
lazarevi, lekebisagan daqirave-
27
giorgi XII
buli mefis mcveli razmis meTauri da misi 3. sagareo mdgomareobis garTuleba.

garTuleba. ira-
Tanmxlebi lekebi. sul orad ori adamiani nis agresiuli gegmebi.
gegmebi. samefo saxlSi arse-
edga gverdiT mefes _ batoniSvilebi daviTi bul uTanxmoebas, romelic, cxadia, Zabavda
da ioane
ioane. qveynis SigniT viTarebas, daerTo sagareo
28
vaxtang guruli
mdgomareobis gauareseba. 1798 wlis ivnisSi ver daakmayofila. miuxedavad amisa, mefe
TbilisSi Camovida iranis elCi da giorgi XII- ruseTTan urTierTobis gagrZelebas apir-
s iranis Sah feThi alis (baba xanis) 1798 wlis ebda. 1798 wlis 11 oqtombers mefe giorgim
5 ivnisis firmani gadasca. baba-xani qarTl- sagangebo sigeliT garsevan WavWavaZes ru-
kaxeTis mefes atyobinebda, rom man iranis seTis saimperatoro karze qarTl-kaxeTis
Sahis gvirgvini daidga da azerbaijanSi Ta- mefis sruluflebiani warmomadgenlis (min-
visi uflebebis ganmtkicebas Seudga. iranis istris) uflebamosileba daudastura. 11
mbrZanebeli giorgi XII-gan erTi Svilis mZev- oqtombersve qarTl-kaxeTis mefem weriliT
lad gagzavnas iTxovda, uaris SemTxvevaSi igi mimarTa ruseTis imperiis kancler aleqsan-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ganadgurebiT imuqre- dr bezborodkos
bezborodkos.. werili metad sainteresoa
boda. giorgi XII-m rCevisaTvis peterburgs im TvalsazrisiT, rom giorgi XII yovelgvari
mimarTa, saidanac Semdegi pasuxi miiRo: ira- mikibv-mokibvis gareSe simarTles moaxsenebda
nis Sah feThi alisTan urTierTobaSi 1783 ruseTis imperiis kanclers. mefem mokled,
wlis georgievskis traqtati moeSveliebina magram savsebiT naTlad dauxasiaTa kanclers
da misTvis mZevlis micemaze uaris Tqma imiT qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mZime mdgomareoba.
aexsna, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTis igi werda, rom samefos sami Zlieri mteri
imperiis vasali iyo. ruseTis saimperatoro hyavda: sparsni, osmaloni da daRestnelni
kari iranTan urTierTobis gamwvavebas eride- (lekni). mefe giorgi aleqsandr bezborodkos
boda. xelisufleba, erTi mxriv, giorgi XII-s pirdapir moaxsenebda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis
Sah feThi alisaTvis mZevlis micemaze uaris samefos SeeZlo morigeboda mters, magram
Tqmas urCevda, meore mxriv ki peterburgSi samefo karma es gza ar airCia, jer erTi, imi-
myof iranis elCobisaTvis Zvirfas saCuqrebs tom, rom qristianobas ver uRalatebda da
ar iSurebda. rusi diplomatebi iranis elCo- meorec, rom ruseTis imperiis mfarvelo-
bas arwmunebdnen pavel I-is keTilganwyobaSi. baSi imyofeboda. kidev ufro meti, ruseTis
marTlac, ruseTis imperatori feThi alisaT- saimperatoro karis politikiT ukmayofilo
vis gagzavnil sigelSi iranis mbrZanebels mo- giorgi XII werda: àras dros mag karzed (ru-
kavSireobisa da megobrobisaken mouwodebda. seTis saimperatoro karze _v.g.) Semwe da
1798 wlis 28 agvistos peterburgSi miiRes CvenTvis mzrunveli ara gvyolia. sanatrels
gadawyvetileba mefe giorgisaTvis erCiaT mama Cvens (erekle mefes _ v.g.) hqonda sasoeba
keTilmezobluri urTierToba daemyarebina dadebuli kniaz potiomkinzed (Tavad grigo-
iranTan, radgan ruseTs am ukanasknelTan mS- ri potiomkinze _ v.g.), magram is Cven gvatyu-
vidoba da megobroba akavSirebda. marTalia, vebda, is mxolod Tavis saxelis gandidebas
giorgi XII darwmunebuli iyo, rom iranis Sahi eZebda da aravis sxvisTvis zrunavda.~ marTa-
feThi ali muqaras swrafad ver aasrulebda, lia, giorgi XII srul simarTles moaxsenebda
magram mefes afiqrebda gavrcelebuli xmebi. ruseTis impeeriis kanclers, magram isic cxa-
am xmebis mixedviT, iranis Sahma erevnis xans di iyo, rom simarTlis mosmena peterburgSi
300 aTasi maneTi da cnobili sagvareuloebi- aravis esiamovneboda. werilis bolos qarTl-
dan Tormeti mZevali mosTxova, Tanac 1799 kaxeTis mefe aRniSnavda, rim didi xania darw-
wlis gazafxulze gogCis tbisaken galaSqre- munebuli iyo aleqsandr bezborodkos `kacT-
biT daemuqra. gogCis tbasTan iranis jaris moyvareobasa~ da `mamulismoyvareobaSi~. mefe
gamoCena, cxadia, saSiSi iyo qarTl-kaxe- kanclers sTxovda, eSuamdgomla ruseTis im-
Tis samefosaTvis. giorgi XII-m Seityo, rom peratorTan, raTa mas mefis saTxovari pun-
yarabaRis xanma ibrahimma iranis Sahs acnoba: qtebi daekmayofilebina. qarTl-kaxeTis mefis
qarTl-kaxeTis mefe da saerTod, saqarTvelo saTxovari ki sul ori punqtisagan Sedgeboda:
iranisagan Tavis dacvas ruseTis meSveobiT 1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo taxtze giorgi me-
cdilobso. ibrahim xani, erT dros erekle II- fis damtkiceba; 2. taxtis memkvidred daviT
is mokavSire aRa mahmad xanis winaaRmdeg br- batoniSvilis damtkiceba. zemoT aRvniSneT,
ZolaSi, amjerad feThi alis qarTl-kaxeTis rom msgavsi saTxovari giorgi XII-m 1798 wlis
samefoze salaSqrod aqezebda. 30 ivnissac miarTva pavel I-s, magram sam Tveze
4. qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa da ruseTis meti xnis ganmavlobaSi pasuxi ver miiRo.
imperiis urTierTobis ganaxleba
ganaxleba.. peterbur- 1798 wlis oqtomberSi giorgi XII-m vrce-
gidan miRebulma pasuxma, cxadia, giorgi XII li weriliT mimarTa ruseTis imperator pav-
29
el I-s. werilis Sinaarsi aseTia: 1. qarTl-kax- sagareo saqmeTa kolegias. notaSi Camoyali-
eTis mefe erTgulebas udasturebda ruseTis bebuli iyo qarTl-kaxeTis mefe giorgi XII-is
imperators da sTxovda mfarveloba gaewia saTxovari, romelic 12 punqtisagan Sedge-
misi qveynisaTvis. ruseTis imperiis mudmivi boda. sagareo saqmeTa kolegiaze garsevan
mfarvelobiT daimedebuli mefe sxva qveyanas WavWavaZis nota 1798 wlis 25 dekembers ganux-
aRar sTxovda mfarvelobas; 2. erekle mefe ilavT imperator pavel I-is favorits, impe-
daxmarebisaTvis uSualod ruseTis impera- riis sagareo politikis praqtikul xelmZ-
tors ki ara, kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardals Rvanels, namdvil saxelmwifo mrCevel graf
mimarTavda, ris gamoc ruseTidan daxmarebis
miReba gviandeboda. urTierTobis aseTma wes-
ma gamoiwvia is, rom aRa mahmad xanis Semos-
evis dros ruseTi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ver
daexmara. momxdaris gaTvaliswinebiT giorgi
XII pavel I-s sTxovda, neba daerTo piradad
miemarTa misTvis; 3. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe ru-
seTis imperators sTxovda mis mefed, xolo
daviT batoniSvilis taxtis memkvidred damt-
kicebas. giorgi XII aseve iTxovda qarTl-kaxe-
Tis samefoSi mefoba arasdros Sewyvetiliyo
da mis memkvidreebs `saukunod
`saukunod da Seuryev-
lad~~ emefaT; 4. ruseTis imperatorisgan mefe
lad
aseve iTxovda samiaTasian jars zarbaznebiT,
romlis Senaxvis xarjebi ruseTs unda gaeRo.
sainteresoa, rom mefe giorgi ruseTis im-
perators jars sTxovda ùkvdavad
ùkvdavad da sauku-
nod, vidre aRsasrulamde soflisa~;
soflisa~; 5. mefe
ruseTis imperators Seaxsenebda Zvel ambavs:
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi ruseTis jaris yof-
nis dros àvs kacebs~ jaris meTaurebTan ena
mihqondaT, ris gamoc qarTvelebsa da rusebs
Soris uTanxmoeba Camovardnila. am mware ga-
mocdilebidan gamomdinare, mefe giorgi ru-
seTis imperators sTxovda, qarTl-kaxeTis
samefoSi gamosagzavni jaris meTaurs ubr-
ZaneT, urTierToba mxolod CemTan hqondeso.
mefe imperators aseve sTxovda, rom ruseTis
jaris meTaurs uari ar eTqva qarTl-kaxeTis
samefos sazRvrebis dacvaze, xolo Tu mezo-
beli qveynis teritoriaze ruseTis jaris aleqsandre batoniSvili
Seyvana aucilebeli gaxdeboda, amis nebarT-
vas mefe sagangebod gamoiTxovda peterbur- fiodor rostopCins notis yvela punqtze
gidan; 6. Tu qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mtris Tavisi azri gamouTqvams. garsevan WavWavaZis
Tavdasxmis saSiSroeba Seeqmneboda, kavkasiis mirTmeuli nota aseTi Sinaarsisaa:
xazis mTavarsardals ufleba unda hqonoda 1. mefe giorgi iTxovda ruseTis jaris
peterburgTan SeuTanxmeblad gamoegzavna erTi korpusis (3.000 oficeri da jariskaci)
saqarTveloSi SvidiaTasiani jari, romlis gamogzavnas, romelic qarTl-kaxeTis same-
Sesanax xarjs mefe gaiRebda. foSi mudmivad unda darCeniliyo. jarisaT-
5. giorgi XII-is saTxovari punqtebi (1798 vis aucilebeli provianti ruseTis jaris
wlis 16 dekembris nota)
nota).. ruseTis saimperato- meTaurs Tavisi xarjiT unda Seesyida imave
ro kari realur daxmarebas ar apirebda. ami- fasebSi, ra fasebiTac sakveb produqts me-
tom iyo, rom 1798 wlis 16 dekembers garse- fis qveSevrdomebi yidulobdnen. Tu mtris
van WavWavaZem nota gadasca ruseTis imperiis Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi ruseTi qarTl-kax-
30
vaxtang guruli
eTis samefoSi kidev ufro did jars (7.000 imperatorma wminda anas ordeniT daajildo-
oficersa da jariskacs) gamoagzavnida, misi va. amasTan dakavSirebiT mefes Semdegi saTx-
Senaxvis xarjebs mefe gaiRebda. notis pirvel ovari hqonda: me roca taxtis memkvidre vi-
punqtze fiodor rostopCins aseTi rezo- yavi, ruseTis imperatorma wminda aleqsandr
lucia daudia: ebrZanos general-leitenant nevelis ordeniT damajildovao, iqneb inebos
kiseliovs saqarTveloSi gasagzavnad moamza- imperatorma da taxtis memkvidres wminda
dos egerTa erTi polki. aleqsandr nevelis ordeni uboZoso. mefe
2. qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi jaris gamog- aseve iTxovda ioane batoniSvilis wminda anas
zavnasTan erTad mefe giorgi iTxovda 1784 ordeniT dajildovebas. notis meSvide punq-
wels ekaterina II-is mier erekle mefisaTvis tze rostopCins aseTi rezolucia daudia: es
naboZebi artileriis im nawilis gamogzavnas, sakiTxi gadawyvetilia kancleris moxsenebis
romelic Crdilo kavkasiaSi iyo CarCenili. pirveli punqtis mixedviT (kancleris romel
notis meore punqts rostopCinis Tanxmobis moxsenebazea saubari, miTiTebuli ar aris _
gamomxatveli rezolucia adevs; v. g.);
3. mefe giorgi iTxovda yarabaRis sax- 8. mefe giorgi iTxovda dedofal
anodan qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi somexi mel- mariamisaTvis wminda ekaterines ordens.
iqebis gadmosaxlebaSi mxardaWeras. notis notis merve punqtze rostopCins aseTi
mesame punqtze rostopCinis mier dadebu- gadawyvetileba miuRia: aRiZras Suamdgom-
li rezolucia gvauwyebs, rom sakiTxi unda loba misi imperatorobiTi udidebulesobis
gadawyvetiliyo ruseTis imperiis kancleris winaSe;
moxsenebis mesame punqtis Tanaxmad (kancler- 9. mefe giorgi acxadebda, rom ruseTSi
is romel moxsenebazea saubari, miTiTebuli gavrcelebuli xmebi, TiTqos TbilisSi Savi
ar aris _ v. g.); Wiri mZvinvarebda, sinamdviles ar Seeferebo-
4. mefe giorgi iTxovda, rom qarTl- da (mecxre punqtze rostopCins rezolucia
kaxeTis mefis im Tavadebisa da aznaurebis ar daudia);
garda, romlebic moxsenebulni iyvnen geor- 10. mefe iTxovda saqarTvelodan gat-
gievskis traqtatSi, ruseTis saimperatoro anili wminda ninos jvris dabrunebas, ro-
karma Tavadad da aznaurad aravin cnos, Tu melic imxanad ruseTSi iyo daculi. notis
mefis sigeliT ar dasturdeboda maTi wode- meaTe punqtze rostopCins aseTi rezolu-
ba. notis meoTxe punqtze rostopCins aseTi cia daudia: gaarkvieT, sad inaxeba amJamad es
rezolucia daudia: sakiTxi gadawyvetilia jvari da momaxseneT;
kancleris moxsenebis meoTxe punqtis ZaliT 11. mefe giorgis surda gaego, rodis ga-
(kancleris romel moxsenebazea saubari, aqac nixileboda da gadawydeboda notaSi dasmuli
miTiTebuli ar aris _ v. g.); sakiTxebi. notis meTerTmete punqtze ros-
5. mefe giorgi iTxovda urmieli somxebi- topCins konkretuli pasuxi ar gaucia.
sa da sirielebis qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi 6. ruseTis jaris Semosvla TbilisSi (1799
gadmosaxlebis uflebas. notis mexuTe punq- wlis 26 noemberi). 1799 wlis 18 ianvars garse-
tze rostopCins ase wauweria: gadawydes kan- van WavWavaZem qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi jaris
cleris moxsenebis Tanaxmad (gaurkvevelia, gagzavnis TxovniT mimarTa ruseTis imperiis
kancleris romeli moxseneba igulisxmeba, _ sagareo saqmeTa kolegias. peterburgSi am-
v. g.); jerad yurad iRes qarTl-kaxeTis mefis Txov-
6. mefe giorgi madlobas uxdida ruseTis na. 1799 wlis 23 Tebervals imperatorma pavel
saimperatoro kars imis gamo, rom ruseTma I-ma xeli moawera reskripts kavkasiis xazis
iranis Sahs mosTxova ar SeWriliyo ruseTis mTavarsardal general-maior afanasi urakov-
vasalis, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos, sazRvreb- isadmi.. reskriptis Tanaxmad, kavkasiis xazis
isadmi
Si. notis meeqvse punqtze rostopCins aseTi mTavarsardals qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi gas-
rezolucia daudia: es sakiTxi kancleris agzavnad egerTa erTi polki unda moemzade-
moxsenebaSi iyo ganxiluli (kancleris romel bina. jaris gamogzavnasTan erTad peterburg-
moxsenebas gulisxmobs, aqac gaurkvevelia, _ Si miRebuli iqna meore gadawyvetilebac: 1799
v. g.); wlis 18 aprils pavel I-ma xeli moawera si-
7. mefe giorgis cnoba miuRia, rom tax- gels, romlis ZaliTac ruseTis imperatorma
tis memkvidre daviT batoniSvili ruseTis daadastura qarTl-kaxeTis samefos taxtze
31
giorgi XII-is asvla, xolo daviT batoniSvili mixedviT miagebdnen imperators. lazarevTan
taxtis memkvidred cno. am proceduras iT- erTad saqarTveloSi gamoemgzavra kovalen-
valiswinebda 1783 wlis georgievskis traqta- skic.
tis mesame muxli. giorgi XII-Tvis pavel I-is 1799 wlis 20 oqtombers egerTa polki,
sigelisa da samefo investiturebis gadacema kazakTa mcirericxovan razmTan da gener-
daevala qarTl-kaxeTis samefos karze ruse- al-maior iakob fon gelvixis saartilerio
Tis imperiis sruluflebian warmomadgenlad batalionidan gamoyofil 4 savele zarba-
(ministrad) daniSnul piotr kovalenskis
kovalenskis.. zanTan erTad ivan lazarevis saerTo meTau-
1799 wlis ivlisis bolos kovalenski kavka- robiT mdinare Tergze gadmovida. gzis ume-
siis xazze (stanica naurSi) Cavida. iq mas tesi nawili polkma noembris TveSi, didTov-
daxvda 1799 wlis martSi general-maior afa- lobaSi, qarbuqsa da yinvaSi gamoiara. gzaze
nasi urakovis nacvlad kavkasiis xazis mTa- Seferxebebis gamo mgzavroba dagegmilze
varsardlad daniSnuli general-leitenanti met xans gagrZelda, amasobaSi jars sursaTi
karl knorringi
knorringi.. ugzoobis gamo kovalenskis gauTavda. generalma lazarevma gankarguleba
gasca provianti adgilobrivi mosaxleobis-
gan SeesyidaT. pirvel xanebSi qarTl-kaxeTis
samefo karma ruseTis jaris sursaTiT moma-
rageba ver uzrunvelyo. mogvianebiT duSeTSi
myofma vaxtang batoniSvilma ruseTis jars
sursaTi da urmebi gaugzavna, rusebma miiRes
80 wyvili xari. gzaze garkveuli manZilis gav-
lis Semdeg jars xvdeboda 50 cxeni. am dax-
marebam ruseTis jaris Tbilisisaken gadaadg-
ileba daaCqara.
1799 wlis 26 noembers, diliT adre,
Tbilisis mosaxleoba avlabris xidiT sofel
kukiisaken gaemarTa, raTa Sexvedrodnen mcx-
eTidan Tbilisisaken daZrul ruseTis jars.
larsidan momavali gza mcxeTasTan aragvs
kveTda, miuyveboda mtkvris marcxena napirs da
avWalis, didubisa da kukiis gavliT TbilisSi
Semodioda. giorgi XII rusul jars qalaqis
gareT Sexvda. Sexvedris momentSi TbilisSi
saartilerio saluti misces, dedaqalaqis
yvela eklesiis samreklodan zarebis reka
karl knoringi gaisma. Tbilisisaken daZrul jars win mefe
giorgi XII, general-maiori ivan lazarevi da
TbilisSi gamomgzavreba, iseve, rogorc eger- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos karze ruseTis impe-
Ta polkis gamogzavna, sakmao xniT Seferxda. riis ministri piotr kovalenski mouZRodnen.
rogorc iqna, qarTulma mxarem kavkasiis xa- ruseTis jari TbilisSi CuRureTisa da avla-
zidan saqarTveloSi momavali gzis (larsi- bris gavliT, avlabrisave xidiT Semovida.
stefanwminda-duSeTis monakveTis) SekeTeba 7. giorgi XII-is koronacia (1799 wlis 12
SeZlo. 1799 wlis 12 oqtombrisaTvis gza moz- dekemberi). ruseTis imperator pavel I-is 1799
dokidan Tbilisamde mzad iyo. 1799 wlis 13 wlis 18 aprilis sigelisa da samefo inves-
oqtombers kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal- ma titurebis TbilisSi Camotanis Semdeg unda
karl knoringma egerTa polkis meTaur gener- gamarTuliyo giorgi XII-is sazeimo koronacia.
al-maior ivan lazarevs ubrZana 20 oqtombers koronaciamde ramdenime dRiT adre samefo
mdinare Tergze gadasuliyo da Tbilisisaken regaliebi mefis rezidenciaSi gadaitanes.
gaegrZelebina gza. ivan lazarevs nabrZanebi 1799 wlis 5 dekembers rusi oficeri egerTa
hqonda TbilisSi Casvlisas qarTl-kaxeTis polkisagan gamoyofili sapatio yaraulis
mefe giorgi XII-Tvis iseTive samxedro pativi TanxlebiT mefis rezidenciisaken (bebuTo-
miego, rogorsac rusuli samxedro wesdebis vis saxlisaken) gaemarTa. msvlelobas uamravi
32
vaxtang guruli
Tbiliseli eswreboda. sapatio yarauls mi- elizbar falavandiSvilisaTvis.

falavandiSvilisaTvis. 1799 wlis 7
hqonda: samefo taxti, TeTri droSa qarTl-kax- seqtembris rwmunebis sigelis mixedviT, mefe
eTis samefosa da ruseTis imperiis RerbebiT, Tavis warmomadgenlebs uflebas aZlevda: qa-
samefo xmali, porfiri, gvirgvini, skiptra da rTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis mfarvelobaSi
dedofal mariamisaTvis gankuTvnili mantia yofniT nu dakmayofildebodnen, `daudeviT
briliantis TvlebiT, briliantiTve morTuli ara Tu mfarvelobasa qveSe udidebulessa
sami ordeni giorgi XII-Tvis, dedofal mari- didsa ruseTisa saimperatorosa taxtsa, ar-
amisaTvis wminda ekaterines ordeni da taxtis amed daanebeT srulsa nebasa da mzrunvelo-
memkvidre daviT batoniSvilisaTvis wminda basa maTsa, raiTa amieridgan daidvas samefo
anas ordeni. sul bolos mihqondaT vercxlis qarTlosianTa saimperiod ruseTisad wesiTa
langarze moTavsebuli imperator pavel I-is miT viTarca sxvani igi ruseTsa Sina pyrob-
1799 wlis 18 aprilis sigeli,
sigeli, romelic giorgi ilni provinciani sargebloben.~ rogorc
XII-is qarTl-kaxeTis samefo taxtze asvlas vxedavT, giorgi XII suverenul uflebebze
adasturebda. samefo regaliebTan erTad re- xels iRebda, mfarvelobiT gaTvaliswinebul
zidenciaSi mivida piotr kovalenski, mefes uflebebs Tmobda, ufro metic, qveSevrdo-
miesalma da mokle sityvis Semdeg sazeimod mobasac ar iTxovda da qarTl-kaxeTis same-
gamoacxada, rom ruseTis imperatorma pavel fos uflebrivad ruseTis Sida provinciebs
I-ma mfarvelobaSi miiRo da mefoba daumtkica utolebda. aseTi yovlad miuRebeli daTmo-
giorgi XII-s, xolo mefis ufrosi Ze daviTi bis Semdeg giorgi XII Tavis warmomadgenlebs
taxtis memkvidred cno. amis Semdeg kovalen- qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis SenarCunebis davale-
skis undoda giorgi XII-Tvis samefo investi- bas aZlevda: `saxlsa Sina Cemsa ara aRayenos
turebis gadacema, magram mefem igi SeaCera mefeni, garna oden samefos memkvidriTi-mem-
da ganacxada: `me ar SemiZlia samefo investi- kvidred viTarca winaparni Cemni~.cxadi iyo,
turebi miviRo manam, sanam fics ar davdeb im- rom pirveli Txovnis dakmayofilebis Sem-
peratoris erTgulebaze da sanam ar vaRiareb TxvevaSi peterburgSi meore Txovnas aRar
qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebze misi xelisuflebis gaiTvaliswinebdnen. giorgi XII ara marto
uzenaesobas. me msurs es moxdes sazeimod samarTlebrivad iRebda xels mefobaze, ar-
uflis taZarSi~. amed ufro Sors midioda, _ imperators
1799 wlis 12 dekembers, koronaciis misTvis da misi SvilebisaTvis samemkvidreo
dRes, procesia Tbilisis sionis taZrisaken mamulebs Txovda ruseTis teritoriaze. mefe
daiZra. mefes Tan axldnen samefo ojaxis Tavis warmokadgenlebs avalebda: ègreTve
wevrebi da didebulebi. procesiis win mi- iTxoveT... yovlisa ruseTisa imperiasa Sina
hqondaT samefo gvirgvini da skiptra. egerTa saSesabamo agarakni CemTvis da ZeTa CemTaTvis
polki, mefisagan sapatio manZiliT moSorebu- sabolood da samkvidrod...~ rwmunebis sigel-
li, ukan mihyveboda procesias. sionSi wirvis ze xelmoweris Semdeg mefe giorgis sigelze
dasrulebis Semdeg mefem brZana waekiTxaT minaweri gaukeTebia. mefe Tavis warmomadgen-
imperator pavel I-is sigeli. sigelis wakiTx- lebs avalebda, misTvis jamagiris daniSvnaze
vis Semdeg giorgi XII-m ruseTis imperatoris ezrunaT: èsreTve iTxoveT jamagirica Sesa-
erTgulebis fici dado. bamisa saxiTa...~
8. giorgi XII-is 1799 wlis 7 seqtembris rw- 11799 wlis 7 seqtembris rwmunebis
munebis sigeli ruseTis saimperatoro karze sigeliT qarTl-kaxeTis mefe giorgi XII-m praq-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sruluflebian war- tikulad 1783 wlis 24 ivlisis georgievskis
momadgenlebs. mefed damtkicebis sigelis traqtatis pirobebis gadasinjva moiTxova,
miRebis Semdeg, 1799 wlis seqtemberSi, giorgi rac samefos suverenitetis ukiduresad Sez-
XII-m samadlobeli werili gaugzavna ruseTis RudvaSi gamoixateboda.
imperators. imave werilidan vgebulobT, rom giorgi XII-m 1799 wlis seqtemberSi pe-
mefes ruseTis saimperatoro karze qarTl- terburgSi mimaval giorgi avaliSvilsa da
kaxeTis mefis sruluflebian warmomadgenlad elizbar falavandiSvils(garsevan WavWavaZe
(ministrad) giorgi XII-s garsevan WavWavaZe am droisaTvis peterburgSi imyofeboda) rw-
dautovebia, magram masTan erTad srulufle- munebis sigelis garda, mefem pavel I-Tvis mis-
biani warmomadgenlis (ministris) rwmuneba arTmevi Txovna gaatana. giorgi XII iTxovda:
uboZebia Tavad giorgi avaliSvilisa da Tavad 1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos dasacavad jaris
33
(6.000 oficrisa da jariskacis) gamogzavnas, loialurebi iyvnen. Tu imperiisadmi keTil-

romelic saqarTveloSi unda darCeniliyo ganwyobili iranis xanebi mis mfarvelobaSi
mudmivad; 2. ruseTis jaris iranis sazRvar- Sesvlas moisurvebdnen, kovalenskis maTTvis
ze (azerbaijanSi) ganlagebas, radgan qveyanas xeli unda Seewyo, magram ise, rom yvelaferi
iranis saxanoebis mxridan mudmivi safrTxe omis gareSe, mSvidobianad dasrulebuliyo.
emuqreboda. mefe ruseTis imperators acno- kovalenskis iranSi ruseTis gavlena `yovel-
bebda, rom qarTuli jaris sisustisa da ru- gvari xarjis gareSe, anda, ukidures SemTx-
seTis jaris simciris gamo qveyana daucveli vevaSi, mcire danaxarjebiT~ unda ganemtkice-
iyo, riTac irani sargeblobda. Sewuxebuli bina. kovalenskis mkacri miTiTeba hqonda
mefe imperators swerda: iranis elCi Tbilis- imis Taobaze, rom saqme iranSi ruseTis jaris
Si mizis da Svilsa mTxovs mZevlad, Tu ruse- gagzavnis aucileblobamde ar mieyvana. es ki
Tis jarma droze ar mogviswro, da aq myofi imas niSnavda, rom pavel I iranis agresiisagan
jaris imedad davrCiT, Svilis mZevlad mice- qarTl-kaxeTis dacvas ar apirebda.
ma momiwevso. giorgi XII SekiTxvis formiT miuxedavad pavel I-is mier iranTan
mimarTavda pavel I-s: taxtis memkvidre davi- damokidebulebaSi SemuSavebuli axali poli-
Ti, Tqvens samsaxurSi myofi general-maiori, tikuri kursisa, ruseTis imperatori 1799
rogor mivce irans mZevlado? wlis 16 aprilis reskriptiT piotr kovalen-
9. ruseTis imperiis axali politikuri skis avalebda gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
kursi kavkasiasa da iranSi.
iranSi. ruseTis jaris miepyro iranis Sahis moqmedebisaTvis. diplo-
erTi polkis TbilisSi Semosvlam qarTl-kax- mats feThi ali unda daerwmunebina pavel I-is
eTis samefos saSinao da sagareo mdgomareoba keTilganwyobaSi da, amave dros, misTvis ec-
ver gaaumjobesa. dapirispireba samefo sax- nobebina: ar unda gaemeorebina aRa mahmad xanis
lis wevrTa Soris kidev ufro gaRrmavda. Secdoma da Tavs ar unda dasxmoda qarTl-kaxe-
kvlav arsebobda qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze Tis samefos. ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa
iranis Sahis gamolaSqrebis safrTxe. ruse- kolegiam kovalenskis Seatyobina, rom ruse-
Tis imperatori pavel I iranis, aseve kavka- Tis imperiasa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos So-
siis xazis samxreTiT mcxovrebi xalxebisa da ris gamiznuli iyo axali traqtatis dadeba.
saxelmwifoebis Sinaur saqmeebSi ar ereoda. diplomats iranis SahisaTvis unda ecnobebi-
am politikas atarebda igi gardacvalebamde na, rom mas qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan urT-
(1801 wlis marti). rodesac kavkasiis xazis ierTobaSi angariSi gaewia im valdebulebebi-
mTavarsardalma general-leitenantma karl saTvis, romlebsac ruseTi ikisrebda qarTl-
knoringma oseTsa da yabardos Soris daw- kaxeTis samefos mimarT.
mimarT. ruseTis imperiasa da
yebul konfliqtSi imperators Careva ur- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Soris axali traqta-
Cia, pavel I-ma ganacxada: ruseTi oseTisa da tis dadeba gaWianurda, amitom iyo, rom kova-
yabardos konfliqtSi ar apirebda Careuliyo lenskim feThi alis veraferi Seatyobina.
manam, sanam es konfliqti ruseTis sazRvars diplomats isRa darCenoda, rom 1800 wlis 16
ar mouaxlovdeboda. imperatori Tavis pozi- Tebervals iranis SahisaTvis TbilisSi Tavisi
cias imiT xsnida, rom osebi da yabardoelebi Camosvlis Sesaxeb ecnobebina. am cnobasTan
ruseTis mfarvelobaSi iyvnen da ara qveSevr- erTad kovalenskim 1800 wlis 16 Tebervalsve
domobaSi. qarTl-kaxeTis samefoc ruseTis werili gaugzavna iranis Sahis karze saqmeTa
mfarvelobaSi iyo da ara qveSevrdomobaSi. mmarTvels (kancelariis ufross) haji ibrahim
es niSnavda Semdegs: Tu ruseTi imave poli- xans da or qveyanas Soris megobruli urT-
tikas gaatarebda qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze ierTobis damyarebaSi daxmareba sTxova. kova-
iranis laSqrobis SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, gior- lenskim werilebi daugzavna aseve ganjis xan
gi XII-s pavel I-is daxmarebis imedi ar unda javads da yarabaRis xan ibrahims
ibrahims.. 1800 wlis
hqonoda. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo karze ruse- 17 Tebervals pavel I-Tvis gagzavnil moxsene-
Tis imperiis ministrad daniSvnasTan erTad baSi kovalenski aRniSnavda: werilebis mizani
piotr kovalenski dainiSna ruseTis saqmeTa iyo imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad gulwrfeli
rwmunebulad iranSi. pavel I-ma kovalenskis iyo javad xanisa da ibrahim xanis Txovna ru-
daavala urTierToba daemyarebina iranis im seTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Tao-
xanebTan, romlebic qarTl-kaxeTis samefos baze. Tu es Txovna namdvilad gulwrfeli
gavleniT an piradi surviliT ruseTisadmi iyo, kovalenski ganjisa da yarabaRis xanebis
34
vaxtang guruli
daxmarebiT ecdeboda ruseTis qveSevrdomo- axeb Zlierdeboda. garkveuli drois Semdeg

baze daeyoliebina Sirvanis
Sirvanis,, Saqisa da erevnis iranis laSqari (Seumowmebeli informaciiT
xanebi da, rac mTavaria, avariis xani omari
omari. 12.000 mebrZoli) marTlac daiZra yarabaRis
10. giorgi XII-is Txovna iranis agresiisa- saxanosaken. iranis Sahs yarabaRis saxanoze
gan dacvis Taobaze. giorgi XII, rogorc Cans, laSqrobis mizezi namdvilad hqonda. feThi
ukmayofilo iyo, rom ruseTis xelisufle- ali ibrahim xans asuls sTxovda colad.
bam misi warmomadgenlebis garsevan WavWava- yarabaRis xani Tavs ikavebda. molaparakeba
Zis, giorgi avaliSvilisa da elizbar fala- Svid Tves gaWianurda. Sahi yarabaRisa da sxva
vandiSvilis mimarT ar gamoiCina saTanado saxanoebisagan usityvo morCilebas iTxovda.
yuradReba da dafaseba. 1800 wlis 14 ian- ibrahim xani kovalenskis daukavSirda da rCe-
vars mefe piotr kovalenskis daxmarebas va sTxova.
sTxovda, rom elCebs maTi `pativisa~ da `Ci- samxreT kavkasiaSi aqtiuri politikis
nis~ Sesaferad mopyrobodnen. kovalenskis gatarebas iTxovda iranis Sah feThi alis vaJi,
Seutyvia, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos war- taxtis memkvidre abas mirza
mirza.. abas mirza iyo
momadgenlebma ruseTis imperators giorgi Wkviani, ganaTlebuli, energiuli, gabeduli
XII-is saTxovari miarTves. ruseTis ministri da samxedro saqmis kargad mcodne axalgaz-
mefes sTxovda peterburgSi gagzavnili do- rda. Sahi swored abas mirzasTan TaTbirobda
kumentis Sinaarsi ecnobebina misTvis. mefe mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis miRebis win.
kovalenskis swerda, am dokumentis Sinaarsi abas mirza mamas samxreT-aRmosavleT kavka-
zepirad ukve mogsendaT, da Tu werilobiT siis xanebis damorCilebisaken mouwodebda,
gnebavT, amasac gaaxlebTo: 1. qarTl-kaxeTis rac, cxadia, metad saSiSi iyo saxanoebis mo-
samefoSi mudmivad unda mdgariyo ruseTis sazRvre qarTl-kaxeTis samefosaTvis. irani-
jari (3.000 oficeri da jariskaci); 2. ruse- dan mosuli winaaRmdegobrivi cnobebis miuxe-
Tis jariT iranTan rogorc qarTl-kaxeTis davad, giorgi XII da samefo kari kovalenskis
samefos, ise azerbaijanis sazRvris dacva; 3. arwmunebdnen, rom Sahi didxans ar gadadebda
axalcixis faSasaTvis safaSos teritoriaze agresiuli gegmebis ganxorcielebas. male
lekebis laSqris Sesvlisa da qarTl-kaxeTis ruseTis dazvervam iranidan saimedo cnobebi
teritoriis darbevis akrZalva; 4. daRestnis gamougzavna kovalenskis. yazvinidan TeiranSi
mflobelebisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze mimaval rusi mzveravebi Sexvdnen abas mirzas
Tavdasxmis akrZalva; 5. ekaterina II-is mier laSqars, romelSic, yvelaze didi, 4.000 me-
1784 wels erekle II-Tvis naboZebi artileriis brZoli Tu iqneboda. abas mirzas sul oTxi
Crdilo kavkasiaSi darCenili nawilis drou- msubuqi zarbazani gaaCnda. mTeli laSqari,
lad TbilisSi gamogzavna; 6. qarTl-kaxeTis gansakuTrebiT kavaleria, mZime mdgomareo-
samefoSi myofi ruseTis jarisaTvis puris baSi iyo. am ZalebiT abas mirzas samxreT-
Sesasyidi fasis gansazRvra ara ruseTSi arse- aRmoavleT kavkasia unda daemorCilebina.
buli, aramed qarTl-kaxeTSi moqmedi fasiT. abas mirzam, pirvel rigSi, xois saxanos
TbilisSi xmebi dadioda, rom iranis Sahi damorCileba gadawyvita. xois xani jafar
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze salaSqrod emzade- yuli iranis Sahs eurCeboda. xois aReba abas
boda. piotr kovalenskis saswrafod unda mirzam ver moaxerxa, ukan daixia da dadebu-
gaerkvia, ramdenad sando iyo es xmebi da, Tu li SeTanxmebiT jafar yuli xois xanad cno.
Sahis ganzraxva dadasturdeboda, qarTuli xois saxanodan abas mirza erevnis
erevnis,, ganjis
ganjis,,
da rusuli jari omisaTvis unda momzadebu- yarabaRisa da Semaxiis xanebis damorCilebas
liyo. kovalenskim iranSi saswrafod gagzavna gegmavda. yarabaRis xani ibrahimi iZulebuli
ruseTis jaris gadamdgari poruCiki merabo- gaxda qaliSvili TeiranSi gaegzavna iranis
vi (merabiSvili).
(merabiSvili). imavdroulad kovalenskim Sahze dasaqorwineblad. ibrahim xanis qaliS-
Tbilisidan gilianis gavliT iranSi mzveravi vilis colad SerTva aseve surda Semaxiis xan
gagzavna, romelic, viTomda vaWari, TeiranSi mustafas.. gaigo Tu ara sapatarZlos Teiran-
mustafas
unda Casuliyo, Sexvedroda merabovs, mieRo Si gamgzavreba, mustafa xani Tavs daesxa gam-
saWiro informacia da swrafad dabrunebu- cilebel razms da ibrahim xanis qaliSvili
liyo TbilisSi. iranSi gagzavnilebisagan gaitaca. cxadia, aseTi moqmedebiT Semaxiis
aranairi cnoba ar modioda, xolo xmebi Sa- xanma samudamod mtrad moikida iranis Sahi.
his Tbilisze mosalodneli laSqrobis Ses- xois saxanoSi gancdili marcxis Semdeg
35
abas mirza baqos xanis winaaRmdeg salaSqrod iranis Sahma irwmuna ruseTis dazvervis mier
emzadeboda. swored am dros abas mirzas gavrcelebuli xmebi da ruseTis imperatoris
banakSi gamocxadda aleqsandre batoniSvili.
batoniSvili. mier gagzavnili saCuqrebi didi pompezuro-
ZmasTan, giorgi XII-Tan, dapirispirebuli ba- biT miiRo. sazeimo ceremonialze ar waukiTx-
toniSvilis misvliT abas mirza kmayofili avT pavel I-is mier feThi alisaTvis gagza-
darCa. aleqsandre batoniSvilma abas mirzas vnili sigeli, radgan ruseTis imperatori mas
sTxova, jari qarTl-kaxeTis samefos saz- Sahad ar moixseniebda.
RvarTan, gogCis tbis midamoebSi, ganelagebi- sanam iranis Sahi ruseTTan urTierTo-
na. aq iranis laSqars SeuerTdeboda ganjisa bas arkvevda, abas mirza samxreT-aRmosavleT
da yarabaRis xanebis laSqari da qarTl-kax- kavkasiis damorCilebas cdilobda. 1800 wlis
eTis samefos winaaRmdeg moqmedebaze SeTanx- ivnisSi abas mirzam TbilisSi elCi gamogza-
mdebodnen. 1800 wlis 30 ivliss aleqsandre vna, romelsac giorgi XII-Tvis Sahis firmani
batoniSvili dedas, darejan dedofals,
dedofals, swer- unda gadaeca. abas mirzas elCi TbilisSi 11
da: iranis laSqari erevnis cixesTan idga, am ivniss Camovida. giorgi XII-s ver gadaewyvita,
laSqarTan erTad Svidi dRis Semdeg gogCis rogor mieRo elCi. piotr kovalenskisTan
tbis midamoebSi gamoCndeboda da, Tu uflis TaTbiris Semdeg gadawyda, rom elCi ruseTis
neba iqneboda, RvTismSoblis miZinebis dRi- ministris rezidenciaSi mieRoT. amiT mefe
saTvis aleqsandre iranis laSqriT TbilisSi giorgi ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebas
Semovidoda. TbilisSi gavrcelda xmebi, rom daamtkicebda. elCis miReba 15 ivniss dain-
Sahis sardali suleimani erevanSi misvlis iSna. 14 ivniss elCTan gamocxadda ori mox-
Semdeg giorgi XII-s ruseTis mfarvelobis ele _ erTi qarTl-kaxeTis mefisa, meore _
uaryofas da iranis xelisuflebis uzenae- ruseTis ministrisa, romelTac stumari meo-
sobis aRiarebas mosTxovda. Seqmnil viTare- re dRisaTvis audenciaze miiwvies. darbazSi,
baSi yarabaRis xani ibrahimi da ganjis xani sadac audiencia Sedga, sagangebod Seitanes
javadi qarTl-kaxeTis mefes iranis Sahis mor- imperator pavel I-is suraTi. piotr kovalen-
Cilebisaken mouwodebdnen. miuxedavad imisa, skis garda, audenciaze imyofebodnen egerTa
rom iranidan TbilisSi sagangaSo cnobebi mo- polkis meTauri general-maiori ivan laza-
dioda, abas mirzas warumatebeli laSqroba revi polkis Stabisa da ufrosi oficrebis
giorgi XII-sa da piotr kovalenskis afiqre- TanxlebiT. rezidenciasTan ganlagda egerTa
binebda, rom Sahi qarTl-kaxeTis winaaRmdeg polkis erTi aseuli. misalmebis Semdeg el-
farTomasStabian oms ver daiwyebda. marT- Cma giorgi XII-s gadasca iranis Sahis firmani.
lac, feThi ali varaudobda: qarTl-kaxeTis mefe elCs dahpirda, rom firmans waikiTxavda
samefoSi gamogzavnil ruseTis mcirericxo- da pasuxsac Seatyobinebda. elCma mefes ga-
van jars did safrTxes uqmnida mtrulad gan- nucxada, rom surda, mas pirispir da said-
wyobili xalxebi da qveynebi (muslimuri sa- umlod molaparakeboda. giorgi XII-m elCis
myaro _ v. g.), xolo saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi survili ar Seiwynara da iqve auwya: ruseTis
ruseTidan damxmare jaris mosvla dagvian- ministris gareSe iranis elCTan saidumlo
deboda, rac qarTl-kaxeTidan ruseTis ja- molaparakebas ar gamarTavda. elCi Seecada
ris gawvevis mizezi unda gamxdariyo. cxadia, gamosavali epova da mefes moaxsena: CemTvis
aseT SemTxvevaSi iranis Sahi radikaluri mo- didi pativia molaparakeba vawarmoo ruseTis
qmedebebisagan dromde Tavs Seikavebda. Sahs ministris TandaswrebiT, oRond im pirobiT,
aseTi azri ganumtkica ruseTis dazvervis Tu molaparakebas kidev sxva vinme ar daes-
mier gavrcelebulma cru xmebma, rom qarTl- wrebao. diplomatisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
kaxeTis samefoSi Semosuli ruseTis mcir- moqnilobiT iranis elCma giorgi XII-s agrZno-
ericxovani jari mxolod maRali rangis mox- bina, rom iranis Sahi aRSfoTebuli iyo misi
elis, piotr kovalenskis, gamcilebeli razmi politikiT. elCma mefes isic ganucxada, rom
iyo. ruseTis dazverva aseve avrcelebda misi mbrZanebeli gakvirvebuli iyo, ori wlis
xmebs, rom kovalenskis mizani iyo daedgina, ganmavlobaSi qarTl-kaxeTis mefes masTan
damaskodan saiT gaemarTeboda safrangeTis aranairi urTierToba ratom ar hqonia. da
jari. Tu osmaleTis sulTani anatoliaSi bolos, iranis elCma imedi gamoTqva, firmanis
frangebis SeWras win ver aRudgeboda, ru- wakiTxvis Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis mefe iranis
seTi osmaleTs didi jariT daexmareboda. Sahis survilebsa da moTxovnebs Seasruleb-
36
vaxtang guruli
da. amis Semdeg giorgi XII-m sityviT mimarTa Cilebis Semdeg abas mirza didi laSqriT
elCs: mamaCemi, qarTl-kaxeTis gardacvlili (30.000 mebrZoli) urCi xanebis damorCilebas
mefe, 1783 wels ruseTis imperiis mfarvelo- gaargZelebda. iranis Sahi mefe giorgis ur-
baSi Sevida da me ara maqvs ufleba ruseTis Cevda taxtis memkvidre daviTi abas mirzas-
imperatoris nebis gareSe romelime sxva qvey- Tan mZevlad gaegzavna, riTac mefe iranis
nis moTxovna Sevasruloo. mefem elCs aseve mbrZaneblisadmi uqveSevrdomiles ganwyobas
ganucxada, rom iranTan urTierToba Cabareb- gamoxatavda. audienciis dasrulebis Semdeg
uli aqvs misi imperatorobiTi udidebuleso- waikiTxes erevnis xanis werilic. xani werda:
bis sruluflebian warmomadgenels, ministr àqamde iransa da saqarTvelos (qarTl-kaxeTs
piotr kovalenskis da qarTl-kaxeTis mefis _ v. g.) Soris gankerZoeba da gansxvaveba ar
movaleoba iyo iranTan urTierTobac masTan iyo da momavalSic ar iqneba~. xani mefe gior-
SeeTanxmebina. giorgi XII-is sityvis Semdeg gis urCevda Zma an Svili mdidruli saCuqre-
elCs mimarTa kovalenskim. ruseTis ministrma biT iranis SahisTvis gaegzavna da amiT gadae-
daadastura pavel I-is keTilganwyoba iranis rCina samefo da Tavisi Tavi.
Sahisadmi da amave dros aRniSna: me ar vicnob TbilisSi iranis elCis Camosvlam da Sahis
Sahis firmanis Sinaarss da, Tu misi gacnobis firmanma giorgi XII daarwmuna, rom aucile-
pativs damdebT, siamovnebiT mogaxsenebT Cems beli iyo omisaTvis seriozulad momzadeba.
azrso. iranis elCma ganacxada, rom aseTi 1800 wlis 4 agvistos piotr kovalenski peter-
uflebamosileba mas ar hqonda. burgSi gagzavnil erT-erT moxsenebaSi wer-
abas mirzas mier gamogzavnil elCTan erda, rom erevnis saxanoSi abas mirzas laSqris
Tad TbilisSi Camovida erevnis xanis elCic, gamoCenam TbilisSi didi SiSianoba gamoi-
romelic giorgi XII-s iranis Sahis morCilebis wvia, muslimebiT dasaxlebul saqarTvelos
gamocxadebas urCevda. xanis elCma isic samxreT provinciebSic (borCaloSi, yazaxSi,
dasZina, rom qarTl-kaxeTi iranis Sahis sam- SamSadiluSi) ar iyo simSvide. TbilisSi ar
flobelo iyo da amitom winaaRmdegobas azri iyo TavdacvisaTvis aucilebeli SeiaraReba,
ar hqonda. erevnis xanis elCis Tavxedobam ar arsebobda organizebuli samxedro Zala,
mefe giorgi imdenad gamoiyvana mdgomareobi- rac aZlierebda panikas mosaxleobaSi. yove-
dan, rom pasuxis gacemac ver moaxerxa. elCs live amas Tan erTvoda uTanxmoeba samefo
upasuxa kovalenskim: Tqven TiTqos sruliad saxlSi _ darejan dedoflisa da Zmebis da-
dagaviwydaT, rom qarTl-kaxeTis mefe ruse- pirispireba mefe giorgisTan. Tavdacvis or-
Tis imperatoris mfarvelobaSia, girCevT, ganizebis mizniT giorgi XII-m piotr kovalen-
xSirad gaixsenoT es da darwmunebuli iyaviT, skis TavmjdomareobiT rusi samxedroebisa-
rom ruseTis xelmwife ase advilad ar miato- gan Seqmna sabWo
sabWo,, romlis wevradac miwveuli
vebs Tavis mfarvelobaSi myofs. amaze erev- iyo ioane batoniSvili.
batoniSvili. jer kidev 1800 wlis
nis xanis elCma upasuxa: darwmunebuli var, 18 ivniss kovalenski peterburgSi gagzavnil
yvelaferi ase iqneba, mefes rCevas mxolod moxsenebaSi werda, rom giorgi XII-s iranis
imitom vaZlev, rom iranis didi laSqari qa- Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi omisaTvis aucile-
rTl-kaxeTis sazRvrebs uaxlovdebao. elCs beli arc finansebi eqneboda da arc jari
isev kovalenskim upasuxa: ruseTs aqaur qvey- eyoleboda. moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom
nebSi mtrebi ara hyavs da amitom aravisze omis SemTxvevaSi qarTl-kaxeTis mefe ruse-
Tavdasxmas ar apirebs, magram Tu mis mfarv- Tis daxmarebis imedad iyo. kovalenski kavka-
elobaSi myof qveyanas vinme Tavs daesxmeba, siis xazis mTavarsardal karl knoringsa da
ruseTi mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad Zalebs ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa kolegias
gamonaxavso. erevnis xanis elCi amis Semde- sTxovda miTiTebas, rogor emoqmeda Seqmnil
gac ar dacxra da giorgi XII-s kvlav Sahis viTarebaSi. Tavis mxriv, giorgi XII kavkasiis
moTxovnebis Sesruleba urCia. gabrazebulma xazis mTavarsardals ruseTis jaris axali
kovalenskim erevnis xanis elCs miaZaxa: `mov-
`mov- kontingentis gamogzavnas sTxovda. 1800 wlis
ides da waiRos!~
waiRos! 24 ivniss knoringma giorgi XII-is Txovnis Ses-
audenciis dasrulebis Semdeg mefe gior- axeb imperator pavel I-s moaxsena. kavkasiis
gim da piotr kovalenskim waikiTxes iranis xazis mTavarsardals, kovalenskis garda,
Sahis firmani da abas mirzas werili. iranis Tbilisidan cnobebs awvdida egerTa polkis
mbrZanebeli werda, rom azerbaijanis damor- meTauri general-maiori ivan lazarevi. 1800
37
wlis 4 agvistos lazarevi knorings swerda: Si winaswari ganzraxviT Seaferxa xois xanis
àq Sinaareulobaa. yvela Relavs, yvela garb- mier gamoyofilma megzurma. didi wvalebis
is qalaqidan.~ Semdeg xoisa da gilianis gavliT 1800 wlis 8
11. ruseT-iranis urTierToba da qarTl- maiss merabovi enzelSi Cavida, saidanac baqos,
kaxeTis samefo. peterburgSi piotr kovalen- Semaxiis, nuxisa da ganjis gavliT 1800 wlis
skisa da karl knorringis moxsenebebs anga- ivlisSi TbilisSi CamoaRwia. 1800 wlis 27
riSi gauwies. 1800 wlis 10 ivliss kavkasiis ivliss merabovma moxseneba warudgina kova-
xazis mTavarsardalma miiRo imperatoris lenskis, romelsac Tan daurTo iranis vezir
reskripti, romlis Sinaarsi aseTi iyo: 1. qa- ibrahimis werilis rusuli Targmani. werili
rTl-kaxeTis samefoSi gasagzavnad saswrafod exeboda iranis Sahis pozicias qarTl-kaxeTis
unda moemzadebinaT dragunTa 5 eskadroni; 2. samefoSi ruseTis jaris SemosvlasTan daka-
dragunTa eskadronebi unda gamoeyoT puS- vSirebiT. iranis veziri werda: `yvelasaTvis
kinisa da obreskovis polkebidan, romlebic cnobilia WeSmaritebaa, rom mas Semdeg, rac
kavkasiis xazis centralur monakveTze iyvnen dedamiwa oTx nawilad gaiyo, qarTli, kaxeTi
ganlagebuli; 3. dragunTa 5 eskadrons unda da Tbilisi Sedioda iranis saxelmwifoSi.
damateboda kavkasiis xazis centralur mon- maTi mosaxleoba mudam emorCileboda iranis
akveTze ganlagebuli qveiTi jaris 2 polki, Sahebs da isini ruseTis mflobelobaSi aras-
grenaderTa 2 batalioni, da lixaCevis eger- dros ar yofilan. TviTmpyrobeli xelmwifis
Ta polkis 1 batalioni. sul qarTl-kaxeTis mahmad xanis (aRa mahmad xanis _ v. g.) Taname-
samefoSi unda gamogzavniliyo dragunTa 10 drove mefe ereklem gadawyvita Camoscile-
eskadroni da qveiTTa 9 batalioni, artile- boda Tavis mflobelebs da mihkedleboda
ria Sesabamisi momsaxure personaliT. qarTl- iranis mters (ruseTs _ v. g.). TqvenTvis, ra
kaxeTSi gamosagzavni jaris sardloba dava- Tqma unda, cnobilia, aseTi moqmedebisaTvis
lebuli hqonda kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal rac daimsaxura mefe ereklem, _ Tavs daatyda
general-leitenant karl knorings. 1800 wlis xelmwifis (aRa mahmad xanis _ v. g.) risxva da
10 ivliss imperatori pavel I karl knor- didi ubedureba. mosaxleoba an daxoces, an
ings swerda: `qarTl-kaxeTis samefos dasaca- tyved aiyvanes, qveyana ki miwasTan gaaswores.
vad Cvenma winaswarma samzadisma iranis Sahi iranSi yvelasaTvis cnobilia, Tu ra didi si-
SeiZleba aiZulos xeli aiRos ganzraxvaze, brZniTa da mSvidobismoyvareobiT amcno ru-
xolo qarTl-kaxeTis mefe _ gaagrZelos mo- seTis monarqma (pavel I-ma _ v. g.) qveynierebas
laparakeba abas mirzasTan, raTa gaarkvios Tavisi mefobis dawyeba. magram misi impera-
misi moTxovnebi. iqneb Sahs dapyroba arc torobiTi udidebulesobis survili _ mos-
surs da mxolod is unda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis pos saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrebuli
mefe mezoblebTan omSi daexmaros mas. am Sem- ufleba da upiratesoba _ sulac ar emsaxure-
TxvevaSi SeTanxmeba SeiZleba Cveni mxridan saba saxelmwifos Rirsebisa da pativis SenarCu-
brZolo moqmedebebis gareSe~. nebas.~ savsebiT cxadi iyo, Tu risi Tqma sur-
pavel I-is 1800 wlis 10 ivlisis reskrip- da iranis vezirs: qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ru-
ti knorringisadmi am ukanasknelma maSin mi- seTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvla da saqarTveloSi
iRo, rodesac kovalenskis mier iranSi gagza- ruseTis jaris gamogzavna iranis uflebebis
vnili poruCiki merabovi TbilisSi dabrunda. Selaxvas niSnavda, mTavar damnaSaved ki ira-
merabovi Tbilisidan 1800 wlis 16 Tebervals nis veziri erekle II-s miiCnevda. igi werda:
gavida da TeiranSi mxolod 17 aprils CaaR- `ra Rirsebis matarebelia mefe erekles pi-
wia. Teiranidan igi 27 aprils gamoemgzavra. robebi (georgievskis traqtatis pirobebi _ v.
1800 wlis 28 aprils iranis Sahi feThi ali g.)? ra pativiscemas unda imsaxurebdes mefis
didi laSqriT (50.000 mebrZoli) xorasanSi Se- xelmowera? magaliTad, ruseTSi mcxovreb
vida. laSqris birTvs Seadgenda 20.000 rCeu- erT-erT xalxs iranis mflobelobaSi Sesvla
li cxenosani. iranis laSqris sust mxares rom moewadinebina da iranTan traqtati dae-
warmoadgenda artileriis simcire (iranis do, eqneboda ki Zala aseT garigebas? es xalxi
Sahis artilerias Seadgenda aRa mahmad xanis araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar CaiTvleboda iranis
mier Tbilisidan waRebuli 8 zarbazani) da mflobelobaSi myofad. mefe erekles dros
proviantis uqonloba. yovelive es merabovs iranSi ar iyo umaRlesi xelisufali (Sahi _
Seutyvia. Teiranidan gamosuli merabovi gza- v. g.), riTac isargebla mefem da sruliad ru-
38
vaxtang guruli
seTis TviTmpyrobelis mfarvelobaSi Sevida. ori Tofi aqvT... qarTvelebSi Sinaareulobaa.

gana es SeiZleba imis safuZveli iyos, rom somxebi, romlebzedac did imedebs amyareben,
Tbilisi iranisgan Camocilebulad da ruse- me Zalian saeWvod meCvenebian“.
Tis mflobelobaSi gadasulad miviCnioT? _ karl knorringi, imperatoris reskrip-
yovlad SeuZlebelia!~ werilis dasasruls tis Tanaxmad, kavkasiis xazidan saqarTveloSi
veziri ibrahimi werda, rom sazRvari iransa jaris gamogzavnas aCqarebda. moulodnelad
da ruseTs Soris unda darCes ucvleli (igu- 1800 wlis 3 agvistos piotr kovalenskim
karl knorings miswera, rom qarTl-kaxeTis
samefoSi ruseTis jaris didi kontingentis
gamogzavna aucilebeli ar iyo, radgan ira-
nis Tavdasxma arc ise saSiSi iyo, xolo xmebi
mosalodneli omis Sesaxeb _ gazviadebuli.
1800 wlis 6 agvistos knoringma giorgi XII-
is werili miiRo. SeSfoTebuli mefe kavkasiis
xazis mTavarsardals werda: 1. iranis Sahi da
abas mirza Cemgan moiTxoven taxtis memkvidre
daviTis mZevlad gagzavnas. es moTxovna rom
Sevasrulo, Semdeg moiTxoven batoniSvilebis
ioanes, bagratisa da Teimurazis mZevlebad
micemas da bolos, mec momiTxoven mZevlad;@2.
Sahi feThi ali da abas mirza moiTxoven qa-
rTl-kaxeTis samefos gadacemas iranisaTvis,
raTa ise Zarcvon qveyana, rogorc adre Zarc-
vavdnen.; 3. feThi ali da abas mirza moiTxoven
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gamosvlas ruseTis
ioane batoniSvili
mfarvelobidan da iranis qveSevrdomobaSi
Sesvlas. werilis bolos mefe acxadebda, rom
lisxmeba georgievskis traqtatis dadebamde igi RmerTis wyalobisa da ruseTis imperato-
arsebuli sazRvari _ v. g.), daculi iqnas ris imedad iyo da rac unda momxdariyo, ira-
winaT dadgenili uflebebi da upirateso- nis monobas ar apirebda.
bani, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli mtroba, piotr kovalenskis TamjdomareobiT Se-
umiznod daRvrili sisxli da xalxTa darbeva, qmnili sabWo Tbilisis Tavdacvis organize-
SenarCunebuli iqnas mSvidobao. bis mizniT muSaobas ganagrZobda. kovalens-
12. ruseTis xelisuflebis RonisZiebani kim qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mosazRvre xanebs
iranis agresiisagan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos TxovniT mimarTa, Tavi SeekavebinaT da same-
dasacavad. TbilisSi iranis vezir ibrahimis fos mtrebisaTvis aSkarad TanagrZnoba ar
werili maSin miiRes, rodesac iranis laSqa- gamoecxadebinaT. TbilisSi myofi qarTuli
ri (daaxloebiT7.000-10.000 mebrZoli) abas da rusuli jari ioane batoniSvilsa da kova-
mirzas sardlobiT mdinare araqsis marcxena lenskis daeqvemdebara. qalaqis mosaxleobis
napirze gadmovida. abas mirzam rogorc ki didi nawili Tbilisis garnizonis Semadgen-
Seityo, rom kavkasiis xazidan saqarTvelo- lobaSi Cairicxa. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
Si ruseTis jaris damatebiTi kontingenti sxvadasxva kuTxidan mosul molaSqreTagan
Semovidoda, laSqari isev araqsis marjvena yvelaze ukeT organizebuli da brZolisuna-
napirze gadaiyvana. imavdroulad abas mirzam riani kaxeTis laSqari iyo. aRadgines qalaqis
firmanebi daugzavna samxreT-aRmosavleT kedeli. iq, sadac kedeli SedarebiT susti
kavkasiis xanebs da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze iyo, gaiyvanes Rrma Txrili. generali laza-
salaSqrod mouwoda. abas mirzas laSqris revi skeptikurad iyo ganwyobili da Tvlida,
moaxloebasTan erTad TbilisSi mRelvareba rom gatarebuli RonisZiebebi Tbilisis Tav-
grZeldeboda. SeSfoTeba daetyo general- dacvas ver uzrunvelyofda. igi miiCnevda,
maior ivan lazarevsac. 1800 wlis 4 agvistos rom erTaderTi gamosavali ruseTidan ja-
igi karl knorings werda: `qarTvelebis ime- ris damatebiTi kontingentis gamogzavna iyo.
dad yofna ar SeiZleba, maT yovel 10 kacze lazarevi aseve Secdomad Tvlida Crdilo
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kavkasiidan dragunTa (cxenosanTa) gamogza- rogorc 1800 wlis 16 agvistos kovalenski

vnas, radgan mTagrexilebiTa da xevebiT da- knorringisadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi aRniS-
farul saqarTvelos regionebSi cxenosani navda, abas mirzas Tbilisze laSqrobis Ses-
jaris efeqturad gamoyeneba SeuZlebeli iyo. axeb gavrcelebuli xmebis namdviloba dada-
lazarevi miiCnevda, rom dragunebis nacvlad sturda aleqsandre batoniSvilis weriliT,
unda gamoegzavnaT egerTa (qveiTTa) polki romelic rusebs CauvardaT xelSi. radgan
da qveiTTa sami batalioni artileriiT. amis gavrcelebuli xmebi da werilis Sinaarsi
sapirispirod kovalenski Tvlida, rom sakma- erTmaneTs daemTxva, ioane batoniSvilma da
risi iyo egerTa erTi batalionis gamogzavna. kovalenskim saqmis gamoZieba daiwyes. maT yu-
lazarevi knorings swerda: `me Sevityve, rom radReba miaqcies aleqsandre batoniSvilis
ministri (piotr kovalenski _ v. g.) sakmarisad kidev or werils, romelTagan erTi egzavne-
miiCnevs egerTa erTi polkis gamogzavnas. min- boda somex meliq abovs
abovs,, meore ki _ qarTlel
istris mizania, rom Tqven aq ar CamoxvideT, Tavad orbelians
orbelians.. somexi meliqi abovi karg
es Zalian surs mas, me ki Tqvens Camosvlas urTierTobaSi iyo giorgi XII-Tan da Tavisi
visurvebdi“. kovalenski cdilobda Crdilo xalxiT ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas
kavkasiis xazidan TbilisSi momavali gza da cdilobda. igi mefe giorgis garkveul dax-
xidebi SeekeTebina da gzis saqarTvelos mon- marebas uwevda iranis mxridan qarTl-kaxeTis
akveTze jarisaTvis provainti daexvedrebina. samefos sazRvris dacvaSi. kovalenskim meli-
TbilisSi Seiqmna proviantis mTavari baza, qi abovi TbilisSi daibara, romelic avadmyo-
gorsa da siRnaRSi _ damxmare bazebi. Seqmnis fobis miuxedavad, ministrTan gamocxadda da
droisaTvis bazebSi xorblis maragi ar iyo. aleqsandre batoniSvilTan yovelgvari kav-
giorgi XII rusebs dahpirda, rom jer Tbili- Siri uaryo. kovalenskim meliqi abovi im or
sis, xolo Semdeg gorisa da siRnaRis baze- somexTan daapirispira, romelTac aleqsan-
bSi xorblis marags Seqmnida. Tbilisis bazas dre batoniSvilis werili upoves. gamoZiebiT
SeeZlo daetia 300.000 fuTi xorblis fqvili utyuarad dadginda, rom meliqi abovi ale-
da 3.000 fuTi qeri cxenebisaTvis. Tbilisis qsandre batoniSvilis Tanamzraxveli ar iyo.
bazidan fqvili gaicemoda rogorc qarTuli Tavis droze mefe giorgisa da kovalenskis
jarisaTvis, ise giorgi XII-is mier daqirave- SeTanxmebiT meliqi abovi da kidev ori somexi
buli lekebisaTvis. gorisa da siRnaRis baze- sadazvervo informaciis Segrovebis mizniT
bis Sevseba ver moxerxda. 1800 wlis ivlis- abas mirzas banakSi gagzavnes. meliq abovis
Si qarTlisa da kaxeTis raionebSi xorblis gamyolTagan erTi iranelebma icnes da isic
dasamzadeblad gagzavnilma moxeleebma agvis- iZulebuli gaxda, Tavis gadarCenis mizniT
tos bolomde saerTod ver Semoitanes xor- aseTi ram ganecxadebina: me meliq abovis mier
bali TbilisSi. damzadeba verc Semdeg Tvee- gamogzavnili var aleqsandre batoniSvilTan,
bSi moxerxda. lazarevma Tavisi polkisaTvis raTa mas giorgi XII-is winaaRmdeg erTobli-
puri bazarze Seisyida da garkveuli marag- vi moqmedebis Sesaxeb movelaparakoo. `Sua-
ic Seqmna, radgan Tbilisis bazidan fqvilis mavali~ maSinve gaaTavisufles da aleqsan-
miRebis imedi ar hqonda. aravis SeeZlo gaeca dre batoniSvils warudgines. am ukanasknels
pasuxi kiTxvaze: rogor unda gamoekvebaT za- somxis gulwrfelobaSi eWvi ar Separvia da
mTarSi ruseTis jaris damatebiTi kontingen- 17 dRe TavisTan datova, xolo dabrunebisas
ti. Seqmnili viTarebiT SeSfoTebuli laza- ori werili gamoatana: erTi _ meliq abovTan,
revi knorings werda: `saqarTveloSi jaris meore _ Tavad orbelianTan. bambakis teri-
gamogzavnis Sesaxeb adreve macnobe, Torem toriaze am provinciis mmarTvelma Tavadma
SeiZleba proviantis, furaJis, SeSisa da binis giorgi ciciSvilma somexi Seipyro, werilebi
gareSe darCeT~. lazarevi knorings aseve ur- CamoarTva da TbilisSi gamoagzavna. giorgi
Cevda, rom sursaTis Sesasyidad `moemarage- ciciSvili ratomRac mtrobda meliq abovs,
bina spilenZis fuli, romelic sqarTveloSi amitomac mefe giorgisadmi gamogzavnil
iseve iyo mimoqcevaSi, rogorc vercxlisa~. werilSi Seecada, meliq abovi mefis namd-
1800 wlis agvistos damdegs TbilisSi vil moRalated warmoedgina. sanam simarTle
gavrcelda xmebi, rom male abas mirza laSqro- dadgindeboda, Tbilisis mosaxleobaSi meliq
bas daiwyebda. am xmebs avrcelebda abas mir- abovis mimarT agresia sul ufro matulobda.
zas banakSi myofi aleqsandre batoniSvili. viTarebis garkvevis Semdeg qalaqi dawynar-
40
vaxtang guruli
da. TbilisSi simSvidem sabolood mas Semdeg yazaxisa-SamSadilus TaTrebis jariT _ ale-
daisadgura, rac miRebuli iqna dadasture- qsandre batoniSvils
batoniSvils;; 2. samxreT-dasavleTi-
buli cnoba, rom abas mirzam ukan daixia da dan (axalcixis safaSodan) osmalTa jariT _
arcTu ise mravalricxovani laSqari (erTi suleiman faSas; 3. samxreT-aRmosavleTidan
cnobiT, 7.000 _ 10.000, sxva cnobiT, 12.000 (War-belaqnidan) lekTa jariT _ omar xans xans..
mebrZoli) mdinare araqsis marjvena napirze 1800 wlis 8 seqtembers lazarevi Tbilisis
gadaiyvana. kidev ufro damamSvidebeli iyo aRebis gegmis Sesaxeb knorings moaxsenebda:
cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom abas mirzas jari cu- `darwmunebuli var, rom es gegma mxolod
dad iyo SeiaraRebuli (zogierT molaSqres qaRaldze iarsebebs. vicnob adgilobrivi
mxolod xelketebi hqonda), iranelebs isev xalxis silaCres da darwmunibuli var, mowi-
mxolod 4 zarbazani gaaCndaT, proviantis naaRmdegis mcire Zalis gamoCenis SemTxveva-
maragi ki mTlianad amowuruli hqondaT. Sic ki isini saxlebidan gaiqcevian da xeobebs
13. ruseTis jaris damatebiTi kontin- Seafareben Tavs, riTac gaaxareben Tavxed da
gentis Semosvla TbillisSi (1800 wlis 23 arafris maqnis mowinaaRmdeges~.
seqtemberi). sagareo safrTxis droebiT Ta- giorgi XII-m 1800 wlis 29 da 31 agvis-
vidan aSorebam ver gaaumjobesa Sinapoliti- tos werilebi gaugzavna kavkasiis xazis mTa-
kuri viTareba _ samefo saxlSi dapirispireba varsardal karl knorings da saswrafod ru-
grZeldeboda. aleqsandre batoniSvilis abas seTis jaris damatebiTi kontingentis (6.000
mirzas banakSi gamoCenam imedebi Causaxa dare- mebrZolis) gamogzavna sTxova. 1800 wlis 9
jan dedofalsa da mis vaJebs: iulon, vaxtang, seqtembers knorringi lazarevs werda: mefes
mirian batoniSvilebs, maT momxre Tavadebs. Caagone, rom saqarTveloSi ruseTis jari
darejan dedofali da misi Svilebi kargad gamoigzavneba droebiT, mtris mosagerie-
sargeblobdnen imiT, rom giorgi XII-is janmr- blad, Semdeg ki mefem unda izrunos sakuTari
Teloba sul ufro da ufro uaresdeboda. jaris SeqmnisaTvis, mefes Tavisuflad Seu-
mefe iSviaTad Cndeboda uaxloes garemocv- Zlia jaris (5.000 mebrZolis) Senaxva. amasTan
asTanac ki. darejan dedofalma da batoniS- erTad, knoringma giorgi XII-s acnoba: impera-
vilebma urTierToba gawyvites mefesTan. torma mibrZana, jarTan erTad gamovemgzavro
TavianT saufliswuloebSi mokalaTebuli ba- saqarTveloSi mxolod maSin, roca safrTxe
toniSvilebi, pirvel rigSi, iuloni da vax- gaCndeba. mas Semdeg, rac abas mirzam ukan
tangi, Tavs uyridnen giorgi XII-is mowinaaR- daixia da mdinare araqsis meore napirze gada-
mdegeebs. ivan lazarevi 1800 wlis 25 agvis- vida, saqarTveloSi jaris adre dagegmilTan
tos karl knorings moaxsenebda im Ria da- SedarebiT Semcirebuli raodenobis (3.000 qve-
pirispirebis Sesaxeb, romelic qarTl-kaxeTis iTis) gamogzavnac ikmarebdao. cxadia, giorgi
samefo saxlSi arsebobda. generali aRniS- XII aseTi gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofilo darCa.
navda, rom darejan dedofali da batoniS- 1800 wlis 8 seqtembers mefe giorgi karl
vilebi cdilobdnen mefis mowinaaRmdegeebSi knorings swerda: mteri mravalricxovania da
amboxisa da uwesrigobisaken miswrafeba gaeR- igi mudmivad mzad aris Cvens gasanadgurebla-
vivebinaT, Cqarobdnen rogorme moeswroT Ta- do. mefe dabejiTebiT iTxovda qarTl-kaxeT-
vianTi `boroti Canafiqris~ ganxorcieleba. Si ruseTis jaris didi kontingentis (6.000
1800 wlis 31 agvistos lazarevi knorings mebrZolis) gamogzavnas. jaris gamogzavna ki
moaxsenebda: darejan dedofalsa da batoniS- marTlac gadaudebeli iyo, radgan dro 1800
vilebs imedi Causaxa iranis Sahis firmanma, wlis ivnisidan seqtembris CaTvliT yvelaze
romelic aleqsandre batoniSvils qarTl- xelsayreli iyo Crdilo kavkasiidan qarTl-
kaxeTis samefo taxtze misi uflebebis dac- kaxeTis samefoSi jarebis gamosagzavnad. isic
vas hpirdeboda. moxsenebaSi aseve aRniSnuli cxadi iyo, rom ruseTis jari TbilisSi manam
iyo, rom Sahs aleqsandre batoniSvilisaTvis unda Camosuliyo, sanam iranis jari Tbilisze
xanis tituli da Zvirfasi saCuqrebi uboZe- daiZvreboda.
bia. lazarevs isic Seutyvia, rom aleqsan- 1800 wlis agvistoSi qarTl-kaxeTis same-
dres iranis mbrZaneblisagan Tbilisis aRebis foSi gamosagzavni ruseTis jaris qveiTTa
gegmac miuRia. gegmis Tanaxmad, TbilisisaT- polkis meTaurad dainiSna general-maiori
vis sami mxridan und SeetiaT: 1. samxreTidan vasili guliakovi
guliakovi.. 1800 wlis 14 agvistos
(ganjisa da erevnis saxanoebidan) iranisa da karl knorringi ivan lazarevs swerda, rom
41
saqarTveloSi igzavneboda vasili guliako- ena mogvayena, misi mfarvelobisaTvis mraval-

vis qveiTTa polki artileriiTurT da kaza- ricxovani jaris Semosvlis Semdeg ufro me-
kTa aseuli. knorringi lazarevs acnobebda, tad ar Segvaviwroebs?~ dedofali darejani,
rom kavkasiis xazidan(mozdokidan) larsamde batoniSvilebi iuloni da vaxtangi SiSobdnen,
polki yvelafriT uzrunvelyofili iqne- rom giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg ruse-
boda, larsidan Tbilisamde polkis uzrun- Tis jaris daxmarebiT taxtze daviT batoniS-
velyofa ki mas ekisreboda. 14 agvistosve vili avidoda, miT ufro, rom pavel I-is mier
knoringma giorgi XII-s acnoba, rom TviTon daviTi taxtis memkvidred iyo damtkicebu-
jaris danarCen nawilTan erTad Tbilisisaken li. am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebas ar miaqcevd-
daiZvreboda, rogorc ki amis aucilebloba nen erekle II-is anderZs, romlis mixedviTac,
gaCndeboda. 1800 wlis 20 agvistos lazarevma giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg batoniS-
knorings acnoba, rom larsSi
larsSi,, stefanwmin- vilebSi ufross, erekle mefisa da darejan
daSi,, kaiSaurSi
daSi kaiSaurSi,, ananursa da duSeTSi jars dedoflis vaJs, iulon batoniSvils, unda
proviantis marags daaxvedrebda. 24 agvis- emefa. gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda batoniS-
tos kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma karl vili vaxtangi, romelic duSeTSi cxovrobda.
knoringma imperator pavel I-s moaxsena, rom igi duSeTze gavlisas Sexvda saqarTveloSi
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi gasagzavnad qveiTTa sagangebo misiiT movlinebul graf apolos
polki artileriiTurT da kazakTa aseuli musin-puSkins
musin puSkins.. vaxtang batoniSvilma grafTan
mzad iyo. 25 agvistos ruseTis jaris qveiTTa pirispir saubris survili gamoTqva. rogorc
erTi polki da kazakTa aseuli general-maior musin-puSkinis moxsenebidan irkveva, saubri-
vasili guliakovis meTaurobiT kavkasiis xa- sas grafs vaxtang batoniSvilma acnoba, rom
zidan (mozdokidan) daiZra da 23 seqtembers mefe giorgi piradad mas da gansakuTrebiT
TbilisSi Semovida. 1800 wlis 23 seqtembers, dedofal darejans aviwroebda. musin-
diliT adre, giorgi XII, romelsac cxeniT mg- puSkins batoniSvilisTvis ganucxadebia: `me
zavroba ukve Zalian uWirda, etliT Tbili- ver gavbedav azri gamovTqva iseT saqmeebze,
sidan ruseTis jaris Sesaxvedrad gavida. romlebic CemTvis ar moundviaT. girCevT,
mefes Tan axldnen dedofali mariami, taxtis yoveli CemTan naTqvami moaxsenoT impera-
memkvidre batoniSvili daviTi, sxva batoniS- tors.~ vaxtang batoniSvilma musin-puSkins
vilebi, Tavadebi, Tbilisis mosaxleoba. me- imperatorisaTvis misi werilis gadacema
fis amalaSi imyofeboda sparseTis is elCi, sTxova, razec uari miiRo. vaxtang batoniS-
romelmac giorgi XII-s iranis Sahis firmani da vilma gadawyvita, piradad imperatorisaTvis
abas mirzas werilebi gadasca. Tbilisidan 3 werili ar gaegzavna, dedasTan da ZmebTan
versis manZilze ori karavi daedgaT, erTi me- moelaparaka da imperatorisaTvis erToblivi
fisaTvis, meore _ dedoflisaTvis. gamoCnda werili mierTmiaT. werili batoniSvilebma
Tu ara ruseTis jaris polki, mefe giorgi 1800 wlis 7 oqtombers Seadgines. isini im-
amaliTurT mis Sesaxvedrad gaemarTa. dedo- perators swerdnen, rom mTeli xalxis sur-
fali mariami karavSi darCa. mefis miaxloebi- vili iyo, mefe erekle II-is anderZis Tanaxmad,
sTanave general-maiorma vasili guliakovma, taxti gadasuliyo ara mamidan Svilze, aramed
ruseTSi moqmedi samxedro wesdebis mixedviT, ufros Zmaze. karl knoringma samefo saxlSi
pativi miago gvirgvinosans _ polki SeCerda, uTanxmoebis Sesaxeb piotr kovalenskisa da
generali da jari mefes miesalmnen. nariya- ivan lazarevis moxsenebebidan ukve didi xnis
las cixidan saluti misces. Tbilisis yvela win icoda. Seqmnili viTarebSi damoukide-
eklesiis samreklodan zarebis reka ismoda. blad gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba kavka-
14. dapirispirebis gaZliereba qarTl-kax- siis xazis mTavarsardals ar hqonda, amitom
eTis samefos saxlSi.
saxlSi. TbilisSi ruseTis jaris iyo, rom 1800 wlis 7 oqtombers knorringi
damatebiTi kontingentis Semosvlam daamSvida pavel I-s sTxovda rCevas, Tu ra pozicia unda
mefe giorgi, samagierod, SeaSfoTa darejan daekavebina TbilisSi myof ruseTis jars
dedofali da batoniSvilebi (erekle mefisa giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi. 1800
da darejan dedoflis vaJebi). 1800 wlis 22 wlis 29 oqtombers knoringma peterburgidan
seqtembers batoniSvili vaxtangi karl knor- reskripti miiRo, romelic mas avalebda ivan
ings swerda: `roca man (XII-m _ v. g.) ruseTis lazarevisaTvis gadaeca Semdegi: mefis gar-
mcirericxovani jaris molodinSi amdeni wy- dacvalebis Semdeg batoniSvilebs Soris Ria
42
vaxtang guruli
brZolis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTis jars I-s peterburgSi omar xanis elCis gagzavnis
Tbilisidan kavkasiis xazze gaeyvana. nebarTva sTxova. imave werilSi knorringi
15. piotr kovalenskis gawveva Tbilisi- imperators acnobebda, rom giiorgi XII omar
dan.. karl knorings da Sesabamisad, ruseTis
dan xans wliurad 5.000 maneTs uxdida, raTa same-
saimperatoro kars, utyuari cnobebi hqon- fosaTvis lekTa Tavdasxma aecilebina. pe-
daT imis Sesaxeb, rom samefo saxlSi uTanx- terburgSi ase gansajes: omar xanis mfarvel-
moebis paralelurad sul ufro Zlierdebo- obaSi miRebiT qarTl-kaxeTis samefo lekTa
da uTanxmoeba giorgi XII-sa da qarTl-kaxeTis gamanadgurebel laSqrobebs aicilebda Ta-
samefos karze ruseTis sruluflebian war- vidan. 1800 wlis 26 agvistos pavel I-ma xeli
momadgenels (ministrs) piotr kovalenskis moawera reskripts knorringisadmi, romelic
Soris. jer kidev 1800 wlis 11 ivliss impera- kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardals nebas rTavda,
torma pavel I-ma sagareo saqmeTa kolegias omar xanis elCi petarburgSi gaegzavna. es
mimarTa: `ver vxedav qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi reskripti kavkasiis xazze maSin mivida, roca
Cveni ministris yofnis aucileblobas, gibr- omar xani ukve qarTl-kaxeTis samefos saz-
ZanebT, saxelmwifo mrCeveli kovalenski mox- RvrebSi iyo SemoWrili.
eleebiTurT gamoiwvioT, xolo Cveni qveSevr- 16.. omar xanis Semoseva. kakabeTis brZola
16
domebis saqmeebi CaabaroT Cvens generalur (1800 wlis 7 noemberi). 1800 wlis 24 agvistos
konsuls sparseTSi, sasamarTlo mrCevel ivan lazarevi karl knorings moaxsenebda:
skibinevskis. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe yvela saq- omar xani, romelsac SeuerTdnen yaziyu-
mis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas Cvens karTan (saim- muxis xani da Crdilo kavkasiis sxva muslimi
peratoro karTan _ v. g.) eqneba, daukavSirdes mflobelebi, gaerTianebuli laSqriT sofel
kavkasiis xazze Cveni jarebis mTavar meTaurs belaqanSi Sevida. lazarevma, cxadia, saqmis
(kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardals _ v. g.) an im kursSi Caayena giorgi XII-c. mefem rus gener-
jaris meTaurs (general-maior lazarevs _ v. als sTxova orive batalioniT belaqnisaken
g.), romelic misi umaRlesobis samflobelo- daZruliyo. lazarevi belaqanSi omar xanis
Si imyofeba“. kovalenskim mimdinare saqmeebi laSqris Sesvlas did mniSvnelobas ar aniWeb-
lazarevs, xolo imperatorisagan miRebuli da. igi mefes arwmunebda: laSqrobis dawyebis
brZanebebi, reskriptebi, sxvadasxva instan- dros omar xans ar ecodineboda abas mirzas
ciidan miRebuli instruqciebi da mis gank- ukandaxevisa da saqarTveloSi ruseTis ja-
argulebaSi arsebuli fuli knorings Caaba- ris axali kontingentis gamogzavnis ambavi
ra. piotr kovalenskim Tbilisi 1800 wlis 3 da roca amas Seityobs, laSqrobis dawyebas
agvistos datova. Tbilisidan wasvlis Semdeg, ver gabedavso. rogorc Cans, lazarevi mTlad
1800 wlis 21 agvistos, kovalenskim, ruseTis darwmunebuli ar iyo, rom movlenebi zustad
imperiis sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis aziis de- ase ganviTardeboda. amitom iyo, rom genera-
partamentis gavlenian moxeles, saidumlo li mefes urCevda: TbilisSi aRdgeniT samuS-
mrCevelsa da imperator pavel I-is ndobiT aoebze myofi qiziyis soflebis mosaxleoba
aRWurvil sergei laSqarevs werili gaugzavna Sin gaeSva, raTa omar xanis Semosevis SemTx-
da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi ruseTis jaris vevaSi samefos sazRvrebi daecvaT. lazarevma
damatebiTi kontingentis gagzavnis aucile- mefes aseve sTxova kaxeTis laSqari (2.000 me-
bloba dausabuTa. brZoli) alaznis marjvena napiris gaswvriv
1800 wlis zafxulsa da Semodgomaze ganelagebina. qarTuli jaris dasaxmareblad
qarTl-kaxeTis samefosaTvis did safrTxes daiZvreboda ori rusuli batalioni ar-
warmoadgenda avariis xani omari
omari.. omar xani tileriiTurT. generali mefes dabejiTebiT
udaod niWieri, gabeduli, mamaci adamiani iyo, sTxovda, ruseTis jarisaTvis provianti mo-
SeeZlo yvela viTarebaSi sargebeli enaxa. am- emzadebina.
jeradac omar xani ormag TamaSs eweoda: erTi 1800 wlis 8 seqtembers siRnaRSi myof-
mxriv, kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal karl ma batoniSvilma bagratma mamas omar xanis
knorings ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi Ses- laSqris moaxloeba Seatyobina. batoniSvili
vlaSi Tanadgomas sTxovda da, meores mxriv, imasac swerda, rom gadawyda, jari ar dae-
imavdroulad ruseTis mfarvelobaSi myofi nawilebinaT da siRnaRis cixeSi gamagrebuli-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos dasarbevad emzade- yvnen. qaziyis mosaxleoba mefes taxtis mem-
boda. 1800 wlis 3 agvistos knoringma pavel kvidre daviT batoniSvilis maTTan gagzavnas
43
sTxovda. bagrat batoniSvili tyviisa da To- ruseTis jaris egerTa (qveiTTa) erTi pol-
fis wamlis naklebobas uCioda da daxmarebas ki da 60 kazaki general-maior ivan lazare-
mamisagan eloda. 1800 wlis 27 seqtembers ori vis meTaurobiT. jer kidev 1800 wlis 12 oq-
rusuli batalioniT generalma ivan lazarev- tombers siRnaRSi myofi bagrat batoniSvili
ma Tbilisi datova da qiziyisaken daiZra. man lazarevs acnobebda, rom omar xani Tavisi
TbilisSi wesrigis dasacavad polkovnik pavel laSqriT alaznis marcxena sanapiroze sofel
kariaginis razmi datova da Tanac mefes sTxo- urdos fonTan idga. bagrat batoniSvili
va: polkovnik kariaginisaTvis daedasturebi- generals sTxovda, rac SeiZleba swrafad mi-
na, rom mas ufleba hqonda mTeli simkacriT suliyo siRnaRis garnizonis dasaxmareblad,
aRekveTa yovelgvari uwesrigoba. lazarevi Tanac proviantiT rusuli polkis uzrun-
winaaRmdegi iyo omar xanTan sabrZolvelad velyofas hpirdeboda. 1800 wlis oqtombris
yazaxis muslimi mosaxleobis laSqari gamo- Sua xanebSi omar xanma batoniSvil daviTs
eyvanaT. generali werda, rom Tu es aucile- werili gamougzavna, romelSic qarTl-kaxe-
beli gaxdeboda, maSin yazaxis mosaxleobisaT- Tis samefoze misi laSqrobis mizezs uxsnida.
vis mZevlebi unda gamoerTmiaT da TbilisSi avariis xani werda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis same-
CamoeyvanaT. rusi generlis azriT, ajobebda fos dalaSqvra mxolod imitom gadaewyvita,
yazaxSi laSqris Sesakrebad Tavadi solomon rom mas mefe giorgim xarkis gadaxdis piroba
avaliSvili gaegzavnaT. lazarevs imedi hqon- samjer misca, magram samivejer moutyuebia.
da, rom duSeTSi myofi vaxtang batoniSvilic omar xani pirobas debda, rom Tu mefe xarks
daaxmardaT Tavis laSqars. gadaixdida, laSqrobas Sewyvetda. omar xani
1800 wlis 6 oqtombrs ivan lazarevi karl mefe giorgis aseve acnobebda, rom ori dRis
knorings moaxsenebda, rom omar xani sofel Semdeg mis banakSi aleqsandre batoniSvili
belaqnidan ganjisaken apirebda galaSqrebas, mividoda, romelsac ukve miRebuli hqonda
raTa ganjis xani javadi taxtidan gadaey- iranis Sahis firmani. rogorc avariis xani
enebina. Semdgom ivan lazarevma miiRo cno- swerda, iranis Sahi aleqsandre batoniSvils
ba, rom omar xani alaznis marcxena napirze jariTa da proviantiT daxmarebas aRuTq-
dabanakda. omar xanis banakSi aleqsandre ba- vamda. cxadi iyo, rom omar xani giorgi XII-is
toniSvilis gamoCenas elodnen. am droisT- daSinebas cdilobda. iranis Sahi aleqsandre
vis atoniSvils dakarguli hqonda imedi, batoniSvils jariTa da proviantiT daxmare-
rom abas mirzas Tbilisze salaSqrod daiyo- bas ar dapirebia. Sahs rom daxmareba SesZle-
liebda. amitom iyo, rom man abas mirzas bana- boda, pirvel rigSi, abas mirzas laSqars
ki datova da yarabaRis xanTan qalaq SuSaSi gaaZlierebda. daviT batoniSvilma zustad
gadavida. SuSaSi aleqsandre batoniSvilTan amoicno werilis mizani. aranairi seriozuli
gamocxadda omar xanis sardali da batoniS- samxedro Zala aleqsandre batoniSvils ar
vili xanis banakSi miiwvia. garkveuli fiqris hyavda da am mxriv igi omar xans daxmarebas
Semdeg aleqsandre batoniSvili am miwvevas ver aRmouCenda. omar xans aleqsandre ba-
daeTanxma. Tavis TanamoazreebTan erTad man toniSvilis masTan yofna imitom surda, rom
gadalaxa mdinareebi: mtkvari, iori, alazani qiziysa da saerTod mTel kaxeTSi mRelva-
da xanis banakSi gamocxadda. lazarevs cnoba reba gamoewvia. omar xani imasac varaudobda,
hqonda, rom 1800 wlis 25 oqtombrisaTvis ba- rom aleqsandre batoniSvilis gamoCena imeds
toniSvili ukve omar xanTan imyofeboda. ale- Causaxavda darejan dedofals, iulon da vax-
qsandre batoniSvili kargad grZnobda, rom tang batoniSvilebs da maT momxre Tavadebs.
omar xanTan yofna saxels utexda mas. 1800 daviT batoniSvilma 1800 wlis 13 oqtombers
wlis 23 oqtombers batoniSvilma erT-erT Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb kavkasiis xazis
qarTvel mitropolits werili miswera. igi mTavarsardals karl knorings moaxsena.
mitropolits ficiT arwmunebda, rom omar omar xanis laSqari dRiTidRe izrde-
xanTan samSoblos darbevis mizniT ki ar mi- boda. laSqris did nawils cxenosnebi Sead-
sula, aramed Tavisi kanonieri uflebebis da- gendnen, omar xans ki cxenebis gamosakvebi
sacavad. furaJi ar gaaCnda. xani iZulebuli gaxda
qarTulma jarma sabrZolvelad momza- cxenosani jari daenawilebina da sxvadasxva
debis brZaneba miiRo. qarTvelTa dasaxmare- sofelSi gaegzavna. omar xanis cxenosani ja-
blad alaznis napirebisaken miemarTeboda ris daqsaqsvis gamo SeuZlebeli gaxda imis
44
vaxtang guruli
amocnoba, Tu bolo momentSi sad moiyrida brunebis SemTxvevaSi mefesTan da ZmebTan

jari Tavs da ra mimarTulebiT ganaviTarebda Searigebda, saufliswulos dabrunebaSic
Setevas. male miiRes cnoba, rom omar xanis daexmareboda. lazarevi batoniSvils mSvidad
laSqari alaznis marjvena napirze gadmovida. da usafrTxod cxovrebis garantiasac aZlev-
1800 wlis 25 oqtombers ioane batoniSvili da da rac mTavaria, imperator pavel I-gan
qiziyidan general lazarevs werda, rom rac Sewyalebis miRebas hpirdeboda. aleqsandre
SeiZleba swrafad misuliyo siRnaRSi. laza- batoniSvilma ivan lazarevs 1800 wlis 6 noem-
revma 1800 wlis 26 oqtombers werilebiT bers upasuxa. batoniSvili generals swerda:
mimarTa duSeTSi myof vaxtang batoniSvils mefe giorgi usamarTlod iqceoda, mas da mis
da somex meliq abovs. rusma generalma orives Zmebs saufliswuloebi CamoarTva da Tavis
omar xanis winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZolisak- Svilebs daunawila. aleqsandre batoniSvili
en mouwoda, TviTon ki ruseTis jaris egerTa Seuvali iyo: `sanam cocxali var Cems mamul-
erTi polkiT da 60 kazakiT 1800 wlis 29 oq- sa da glexebze uars ar vityvi, misTvis vi-
tombers siRnaRisaken daiZra. egerTa polkis brZoleb, sanam cocxali var...~. batoniSvili
garda, lazarevma Tan waiyvana general vasili generals swerda: ìmedi maqvs male Sevxvdebi
guliakovis polkis nawili da generlis gan- Cem ufros Zmebs da Tqven SekiTxvebze srul
kargulebaSi myofi yvela kazaki. lazarevma pasuxs maTTan Sexvedris Semdeg miiRebT. Cven
TbilisSi mxolod 10 kazaki datova. sul arasdros gavreulvarT iseT saqmeebSi, ro-
lazarevis gankargulebaSi iyo 45 oficeri da melic miuRebelia ruseTis imperatorisaTvis
1.177 rigiTi (maT Soris: general-maior ivan da amjeradac ar gvsurs vebrZoloT ruseTis
lazarevis polkidan: 21 Stabis oficeri da jars. uflis SewevniT Cven vecdebiT ukeTes-
ufrosi oficeri, 38 umcrosi oficeri, 320 ad da ufro erTgulad vemsaxuroT impera-
rigiTi, 56 arasamwyobro samxedro mosamsax- tors, xolo misi jaris winaaRmdeg arasdros
ure, 62 kazaki, 62 artileristi; general- vibrZolebT, Tu Tqven TviTon ar daiwyebT
maior vasili guliakovis polkidan: 22 ufro- Cvens devnas~. mefe giorgisa da ivan laza-
si oficeri, 35 umcrosi oficeri, 515 rigiTi, revis Tvalis asaxvevad darejan dedofalic
82 arasamwyobro samxedro mosamsaxure). Serigebas urCevda aleqsandre batoniSvils,
1800 wlis 1 noembers ivan lazarevma Tumca amave dros Svils mouwodebda bo-
werili gaugzavna omar xans da sTxova aexsna lomde Seurigeblad ebrZola Tavisi ufle-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze laSqrobis mizezi. bebis dasacavad.
lazarevi omar xans aseTi kiTxva dausva: ro- abas mirzas banakidan omar xanTan gamgza-
gor unda SeeTanxmebina erTmaneTTan xans vrebis win aleqsandre batoniSvilma werili
ruseTis imperatoris mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis gaugzavna iranis Sahs. batoniSvili iranis
Txovna da ruseTis imperatoris mfarveloba- mbrZanebels jariT daxmarebas sTxovda da
Si myof qarTl-kaxeTis samefoze laSqroba? pirobas debda, rom Tbilisis dakavebis Sem-
generali omar xans imasac swerda, rom ruse- deg qarTl-kaxeTis samefo iranis qveSevrdo-
Tis imperatoris mfarvelobaSi misi miRebis mi gaxdeboda. Sahma aleqsandre batoniSvils
sakiTxi praqtikulad ukve gadawyvetili iyo. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos iranis qveSevrdomad
werilis bolos lazarevi omar xans ekiTxebo- gadaqcevis gegma mouwona, magram xorasanSi
da: ras moimoqmedebda, laSqrobas gaagrZeleb- dawyebuli areulobis mizeziT jariT dax-
da, Tu sisxlisRvris acilebis mizniT ukan marebaze uari uTxra.
gabrundeboda? lazarevs omar xanma 1 noem- 1800 wlis 1 noembers ivan lazarevis
bersve upasuxa. xani werda: piradad mas ru- meTaurobiT ruseTis jari siRnaRSi Sevida.
seTis winaaRmdeg mtruli moqmedebis aravi- am droisaTvis siRnaRSi ukve imyofeboda qa-
Tari survili ar hqonia, laSqroba ki imitom rTuli jari (3.000 mebrZoli) batoniSvil
daiwyo, rom aleqsandre batoniSvils Tavisi bagratis sardlobiT. qarTuli jari cudad
kanonieri uflebebis dacvaSi daxmareboda. iyo SeiaraRebuli. 2 noembers siRnaRidan
rogorc vxedavT, omar xanma yvelaferi ale- omar xanis banakSi danTebuli uamravi koco-
qsandre batoniSvils gadaabrala. imave dRes, ni SeniSnes. mteri siRnaRidan 16 versis mo-
1800 wlis 1 noembers lazarevma aleqsandre SorebiT idga, amitom imave dRes lazarevma
batoniSvilsac gaugzavna werili. generali mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi gaatara siRnaRis
batoniSvils pirobas aZlevda TbilisSi da- gasamagreblad.
45
1800 wlis 1 noembers, rogorc zemoT ida. qarTulma da rusulma jarma omar xanis
aRvniSneT, lazarevma werili gaugzavna omar laSqris paralelurad daiwyo moZraoba, raTa
xans, romelic imave dRes miiRo xanma. imav- qveynis siRrmeSi mtris gadaadgileba aRekve-
droulad dedofal darejanisagan werili Ta. 7 noembers ruseTis jari generlebis ivan
miiRo omar xanis banakSi myofma aleqsandre lazarevisa da vasili guliakovis meTauro-
batoniSvilma. werilebis gacnobis Semdeg biT or versze miuaxlovda ivris marjvena
omar xanma da aleqsandre batoniSvilma samx- napirze, niaxuras velze, sofel kakabeTis ax-
edro sabWo moiwvies. am droisaTvis omar xans los dabanakebul omar xanis laSqars.
15.000 mebrZoli hyavda. aleqsandre batoniS- 1800 wlis 7 noembers mdinare ivris na-
vili iTxovda qiziySi SeWras, xolo lekebi piras, sofel kakabeTTan axlos, niaxuras
omar xans sagarejoze Setevas urCevdnen. sab- velze qarTvelTa da rusTa gaerTianebuli
olood omar xanma aseTi gadawyvetileba mi- jari omar xanis laSqars SeebrZola. omar
iRo: 1. laSqris erTi nawili (2.000 mebrZoli) xanma brZaneba gasca saswrafod gaemagrebi-
sagarejos Seutevda; 2. meore nawili aRmosav- naT tyis sanapiro zoli, xolo cxenosanTa
leTidan Tbilisze daiZvreboda; 3. mesame razmebi maxlobel soflebSi gaegzavnaT pro-
nawili mtkvars gadalaxavda da SeuerTde- viantisa da furaJis xelSi Casagdebad. qarT-
boda vaxtang, iulon da farnavaz batoniS- velTa da rusTa jari ganlagebuli iyo vel-
vilebis laSqars. gaerTianebis Semdeg qarT- ze, romelic samxreTiT mdinare ivramde iyo
velTa da lekTa laSqars dasavleTis mxridan gadaWimuli, veli dasavleTidan didi Txril-
unda Seetia TbilisisaTvis. rogorc vxedavT, iT, CrdiloeTidan patara gorakebiT, xolo
omar xans didi gegmebi hqonda dasaxuli, ma- aRmosavleTidan xevebSi Camomdinare patara
gram am gegmebis Sesasruleblad misi laSqari mdinareebiT iyo daculi. velze gadioda gza,
ar gamodgeboda. lekebi proviantis naklebo- romelic ivrisaken miemarTeboda. qarTvelTa
bas ganicdidnen, xolo furaJi cxenebisaTvis da rusTa jarma velze mimavali gzis nawili
saerTod ar gaaCndaT. proviantis is mcire gaiara, Semdeg marcxniv Seuxvia da SeCerda.
maragic lekebma Warelebidan da belaqnele- iq, sadac veli mTavrdeboda, mTaze koSki
bidan SeiZines, xolo furaJis ararsebobis SeniSnes. koSkidan lekebma cecxli gaxsnes,
gamo cxenebs balaxiT kvebavdnen. proviantis riTac omar xanis banaks qarTvelTa da rusTa
simcire da furaJis arqona omar xanis laSqrs jaris moaxloeba amcnes. omar xanis laSqarma
sul ufro mZime mdgomareobaSi agdebda. mow- ivris marcxena napirze iwyo gadmosvla. qa-
inaaRmdegis laSqarSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis rTvelTa da rusTa laSqari sabrZolod mo-
Sesaxeb kargad iyo informirebuli lazarevi. emzada. centrSi idga qarTvelTa jari ioane
ivan lazarevma zustad Seafasa omar xa- da bagrat batoniSvilebis, marcxena flangze
nis SesaZleblobani da gadawyvita mteri qa- _ rusebi general-maior vasili guliakovis
guliakovis,,
rTl-kaxeTis samefos sazRvrebSi ar SemoeSva. marjvena flangze _ rusebi general-maior
1800 wlis 4 oqtombers qarTvelTa da rusTa ivan lazarevis sardlobiT. ivris marcxena
gaerTianebuli jari siRnaRidan omar xanis napirze gadmosvlis Semdeg omar xanma qarT-
Sesaxvedrad daiZra. siRnaRidan 12 versze velTa da rusTa gaerTianebuli jaris mar-
qarTvelTa da rusTa jari SeCerda da omar jvena flangs Seutia da cxenosani jaris dax-
xanTan gagzavnili werilis pasuxs daeloda. marebiT alyaSi moaqcia lazarevi. lazarev-
uaryofiTi pasuxis miRebis Semdeg gadawyda ma saswrafod moawyo kare da Tofebidan da
aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedebebis dawyeba. io- zarbaznebidan gaxsnili cecxliT didi ziani
ane batoniSvilma
batoniSvilma,, general-maiorma ivan laza- miayena mowinaaRmdeges. marjvena flangidan
revma da general-maiorma vasili guliakovma ukuqceulma lekebma centrSi ganlagebul qa-
sabrZolo moqmedebis gegma SeimuSaves. am rTvelTa jars Seuties. ioane da bagrat ba-
gegmis Tanaxmad, 1800 wlis 5 noembers qarT- toniSvilebma Tofebidan da zarbaznebidan
velTa da rusTa gaerTianebuli jari omar xa- organizebulad gaxsnili cecxliT mowinaaR-
nis banakisaken daiZra da 6 versze miuaxlovda mdege SeaCeres. lekTa cxenosanma razmma qar-
mowinaaRmdeges. 6 noembers, gamTeniisas, daz- Tuli jaris zurgSi gaWra moaxerxa. zurgSi
vervaze gagzavnilma razmma cnoba moitana, ganlagebuli qarTvelTa jari cudad iyo
rom omar xanis laSqari mTis xeobebiT mdin- SeiaraRebuli. daiwyo aSkarad uTanasworo
are ivris marjvena napirze gaSlil velze gav- brZola. generalma guliakovma sworad Sea-
46
vaxtang guruli
fasa Seqmnili viTareba da qarTvelTa jars 17. giorgi XII-is janmrTelobis gauare-
rusi qveiTebi moaSvela. lekebma ukan daixies. seba da SinaaSlilobis gaZliereba.
gaZliereba. 1800 wlis
lekebi ukan ver daixevdnen da brZolis ve- noemberSi giorgi XII-is janmrTeloba uki-
lidan ver gavidodnen, Tu marjvena flangze duresad gauaresda. apolos musin-puSkini,
ganlagebul rusebis rigebs ar gaarRvevdnen. romelmac gvirgvinosani 1800 wlis noemberSi
ukve isedac araorganizebulad moqmedi le- inaxula, eWvobda, rom mefe 1801 wlis gazaf-
kebi marjvena flangis garRvevis mcdelobi- xulamde icocxlebda. 1800 wlis 9 noembers
sas general lazarevis meTaurobiT kargad karl knorringi sergei laSqarevs moaxseneb-
organizebul Tavdacvas waawydnen. rusebma da, rom, mkurnali eqimebis azriT, mefis gamo-
Tofebidan da zarbaznebidan ukandaxeul le- janmrTelebis aranairi imedi aRar arsebobda.
kebs cecxli gauxsnes da didi ziani miayenes. am droisaTvis ruseTis saimperatoro karma
brZola niaxuras velze sami saaTi gagrZelda
da omar xanis laSqris damarcxebiT dasrulda.
1800 wlis 12 noembers qarTvelTa da rusTa
jari TbilisSi dabrunda.
omar xanma brZolaSi daWrilTa da
moklulTa saxiT 2.000 mebrZoli dakarga,
mZimed daiWra TviT omar xanic. rusebis da-
nakargi umniSvnelo iyo: daiRupa 1 da daiWra
1 jariskaci, kontuzia miiRo 1 oficerma.
rusul wyaroebSi qarTvelTa danaklisis Ses-
axeb cnobebi ar moipoveba. brZolaSi gansa-
kuTrebiT gamoiCines Tavi ioane batoniS-
vilma, bagrat batoniSvilma, general-maiorma
vasili guliakovma da podporuCikma piotr
kotliarevskim.. unariani sardlobisa da ga-
kotliarevskim
moCenili mamacobisaTvis imperatorma pavel
I-ma bagrat da ioane batoniSvilebi, generale-
bi ivan lazarevi da vasili guliakovi wmida
ioane ierusalimelis ordenebiT daajildo-
va. wmida ioane ierusalimelis ordeni miiRo
kidev ramdenime rusma oficerma, xolo brZo-
laSi monawile yvela jariskacma miiRo fu-
ladi jildo _ 1 vercxlis maneTi.
damarcxebuli omar xani WarSi dabrunda.
WarSi Casvlisas mas sul 10 mebrZoli axlda. bagrat batoniSvili
danarCeni laSqari daifanta, mebrZolTa didi
nawili Sin dabrunda, xolo 2.000 leki qalaq danamdvilebiT ar icoda, ra pirobebiT varau-
SuSaSi yarabaRis xan ibrahimTan darCa. ibrahim dobda qarTl-kaxeTis mefe giorgi XII ruse-
xanTan darCa aleqsandre batoniSvilic. 1800 Tis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas da ra Sinaarsis
wlis dekemberSi omar xani belaqanSi gadavida, TxovniT gaagzavnida igi Tavis warmomadgen-
Tumca mas jari Tan ar axlda. ivan lazarevma lebs peterburgSi. amitom iyo, rom saimpera-
icoda, rom omar xani WarSi lekebisagan axali toro karze gafacicebiT adevnebdnen Tvals
laSqris Sekrebas ecdeboda da winaswar miiRo mefis janmrTelobis mdgomareobas. darejan
TavdacvisaTvis aucilebeli zomebi. siRnaRis dedofali,, batoniSvilebi: iuloni
dedofali iuloni,, vaxtan-
cixeSi ganlagda ruseTis jaris egerTa sami gi da farnavazi
farnavazi,, aseve maTi momxre Tavadebi
aseuli zarbazniT, siRnaRidan Tbilisisaken emzadebodnen imisaTvis, rom mefis gardacva-
momavali gzis meTxuTmete versze _ muSket- lebis Semdeg taxtze batoniSvili daviTi ar
erTa erTi aseuli zarbazniT. omar xanma War- asuliyo. giorgi mefis mowinaaRmdegeni da
Si laSqari veRar Sekriba da belaqanSi gamo- momxreebi cdilobdnen saidumlod emoqme-
zamTreba gadawyvita. 1801 wlis 1 marts omari daT, Tumca dapirispireba cxadze ucxadesi
gardaicvala. iyo da misi miCqmalva ukve aRar SeiZleboda.
47
1800 wlis dekembris meore naxevarSi samefo saxlSi arsebul dapirispirebaSi mTeli qa-
ojaxSi arsebulma konfliqtma kulminacias rTl-kaxeTis samefo Cabmuliyo. xevsurebi,
miaRwia. taxtis memkvidrem, batoniSvilma da- romlebic daviT batoniSvilis erTgulebi
viTma,, gamoacxada, rom avadmyofma mefem mas
viTma iyvnen, daupirispirdnen aragvis xeobis mo-
mefoba uboZa da amieridan samefos kanonieri saxleobas. dapirispirebis mizezi is iyo, rom
uflebiT marTvas Seudga. daviT batoniS- duSeTSi mcxovrebma vaxtang batoniSvilma
vilma TavisTan daibara momakvdavi mefis aragvis xeobis mosaxleobis mimxroba moax-
naxevarZmebi _ darejan dedoflis Svilebi erxa. xevsurebi Tavs daesxnen kaxeTidan da-
da daumorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi ruseTis brunebul aragvelebs da sursaTi da cxenebi
jaris daxmarebiT dasjiT daemuqra. daviT waarTves maT. Setakebisas bevri daiWra da
batoniSvilma qarTlis Tavadebs, aznaurebsa daiRupa. SeiaraRebul dapirispireba aRiniS-
da mosaxleobas gamoucxada, rom misi Zma, neboda samefos sxva adgilebSic. 1800 wlis 7
batoniSvili Teimurazi
Teimurazi,, qarTlis gamgeblad dekembers giorgi XII-m TxovniT mimarTa gen-
daniSna da daumorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi eral ivan lazarevs, raTa samefoSi dawyebu-
ruseTis jaris daxmarebiT yvelas dasjida. li dapirispireba aRekveTa.
Teimuraz batoniSvils qarTlis mosaxleo- 1800 wlis 26 noembers batoniSvilebma
ba daviTis erTgulebaze unda daeficebina, iulonma, vaxtangma da farnavazma werili
xolo qarTlis cixeebi TavdacvisaTvis mo- gaugzavnes kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal gen-
emzadebina. 1800 wlis 20 dekembers daviT ba- eral-leitenant karl knorings. batoniSvile-
toniSvili Teimuraz batoniSvils werda: go- bi generals swerdnen, rom daviT batoniSvili
ris cixe gaamagre, sursaTi da tyvia-wamali ruseTis jaris daxmarebiT maTi samSoblodan
moimarage da Seni biZebi gorSi ar SemouSvao. gandevnas cdilobda. isini acxadebdnen, rom
daviT batoniSvili Teimuraz batoniSvils ar icodnen rogor gamosuliyvnen Seqmnili
seriozulad afrTxilebda, rom igi qarTlis viTarebidan: daviT batoniSvilis winaaRmdeg
gamgeblad iyo daniSnuli da srul sabrZolo brZoliT ruseTis imperators ganarisxebdnen,
mzadyofnaSi unda yofiliyo. unda aRiniSnos, xolo Tu brZolaze xels aiRebdnen, maSin sam-
rom daviT batoniSvili energiulad Seudga Soblos datoveba mouwevdaT. iulon, vaxtang
Tavisi momxreebis gamravlebas, samefos yvela da farnavaz batoniSvilebi knorings sTxovd-
kuTxeSi Tavisi erTguli adamianebi daagzavna nen, Tu peterburgidan pasuxis miRebamde
da samoqmedo gegmac dausaxa. general-maiori mefe giorgi gardaicvleboda, samefos marT-
ivan lazarevi daviT batoniSvils urCevda, va-gamgeoba an piradad Caebarebina, an laza-
radgan mefis gamojanmrTelebis Sansi jer revisaTvis daevalebina. 1800 wlis 14 dekem-
kidev arsebobda, gadamwyvet da mkacr zomebs bers batoniSvili vaxtangi knorings swerda,
nu gaatarebda mowinaaRmdegeTa dasaSineblad. rom misi survili iyo aleqsandre batoniS-
daviT batoniSvilma generali daarwmuna, rom vilis dabruneba da yovelnairad ecdeboda
samefosaTvis saSiSi moqmedebisagan Tavs Sei- miznis miRwevas. Tu aleqsandre batoniSvilis
kavebda. mefe giorgis naxevarZmebi _ batoniS- dabruneba SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda, vaxtang
vilebi gorSi Seikribnen da erToblivi moq- batoniSvilis azriT, erekle mefis anderZis
medebis gegma dasaxes. daviT batoniSvilis Tanaxmad,e Zmebs ufros-umcrosobis kvalo-
msgavsad axali momxreebis SeZenis mizniT isi- baze morigeobiT unda emefaT. batoniSvili
ni sisastikes ar eridebodnen. apolos musin- acxadebda, rom taxtis memkvidreobis erek-
puSkini ruseTis imperatorisadmi wardgenil leseuli wesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi ram-
moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda, rom batoniSvili vax- denime batoniSvils samSoblodan gadaxvewa
tangi da misi Zmebi giorgi XII-is gardacva- mouxdeboda. 1800 wlis dekemberSi vaxtang
lebis Semdeg batoniSvil daviTis taxtze batoniSvilis werilis Sinaarsi sxva ambebTan
asvlas ar dauSvebeno. qarTlis Tavadebis erTad knoringma imperator pavel I-s gaac-
gadabirebis mizniT aqtiurad moqmedebda no. knorringis werilis peterburgSi Catanis
darejan dedofali. erT-erT werilSi dare- dro daemTxva dedaqalaqSi giorgi XII-is el-
jan dedofali aRniSnavda: qarTli, kaxeTi da Cebis Casvlas.
yazaxi Cvens mxarezea, xolo aleqsandre ba- 18.. 1800 wlis 24 ivnisis nota
18 nota.. zemoT Cven
toniSvili male Tbilisze daiZvrebao. arse- aRvniSneT, rom 1799 wlis 7 seqtembers gior-
bobda imis realuri saSiSroeba, rom samefo gi XII-m xeli moawera rwmunebis sigels, rom-
48
vaxtang guruli
lis mixedviTac ruseTis saimperatoro karze kanons da Seasrulebdnen ruseTis impera-

qarTl-kaxeTis mefis warmomadgenlebs garse- toris yvela brZanebas, radgan ruseTis im-
van WavWavaZes
WavWavaZes,, giorgi avaliSvils da elizbar perators miiCnevdnen TavianT xelmwifed da
falavandiSvils molaparakeba unda ewarmoe- TviTmpyrobelad (rusul TargmanSi: „обещаясь
binaT ruseTis xelisuflebasTan. 1800 wlis свято исполнять все то, что исполняют Россияне, и
24 ivniss TbilisSi Sedga nota, romelic Sei- не отказываясь ни от каких законов и повелении, по
cavda giorgi XII-is saTxovar punqtebs ruse- принятому обычаю в его царстве и народе, что только
Tis imperatorisadmi. es nota qarTl-kaxeTis будет повеленно по благоусмотрению Всероссийскаго
samefos sruluflebian warmomadgenlebs (el- Императора как наследственнаго (природнаго) своего
Cebs): garsevan WavWavaZes, giorgi avaliSvilsa государя и самодержца~);
самодержца~);
da elizbar falavandiSvils _ unda waredgi- 2. mefe giorgi iTxovda, rom ruseTis im-
naT ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa kole- periis qveSevrdomobaSi qarTl-kaxeTis same-
giaSi. giorgi XII-is elCebi peterburgSi 1800 fos Sesvlis Semdeg, radgan qarTl-kaxeTis
wlis noemberSi Cavidnen da 1800 wlis 24 ivni- samefo nebayoflobiT Sevida ruseTis impe-
sis nota gadasces ruseTis imperiis sagareo riis qveSevrdomobaSi, misTvis SeenarCunebi-
saqmeTa kolegias. cxadia, nota TbilisSi naT mefoba (rusul TargmanSi: ``чтобы чтобы вместе с
giorgi XII-is uSualo monawileobiT Sedgebo- принятием его царства был поставлен царем~),
царем~), xolo
da, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mis SedgenaSi mis Semdeg misi memkvidreebi daemtkicebinaT
piotr kovalenskic da ivan lazarevic monaw- mefebad (rusul TargmanSi: „... а после него и
ileobdnen, Tumca notas xels giorgi aval- наследники его навсегда на престоле с утверждением
iSvili da elizbar falavandiSvili awerdnen в царском звании~).
звании~). giorgi XII aseve iTxovda, rom
(garsevan WavWavaZe peterburgSi imyofeboda mefeebs qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi hqonodaT
da, rogorc Cans, notis dedans da rusul umaRlesi (upirvelesi) xelisufleba (rusul
Targmans man peterburgSi moawera xeli). TargmanSi: „и чтобы цари те имели первенствующую
nota, cxadia, qarTul enaze Sedga, xolo ru- власть в своих царствах~);
царствах~);
seTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa kolegiaSi 3. mefe giorgi, rogorc es aRniSnuli iyo
misi rusuli Targmani iqna wardgenili. no- qarTl-kaxeTis sruluflebiani warmomadgen-
tis rusul Targmansac qarTl-kaxeTis mefis lebisaTvis 1799 wlis 7 seqtembers micemul
sruluflebiani warmomadgenlebi awerdnen rwmunebis sigelSi, iTxovda ruseTis impera-
xels. Cven citirebas rusuli Targmanidan torisagan jamagiris daniSvnas da ruseTSi
movaxdenT, radgan peterburgSi notis Si- soflebis boZebas;
naarsze swored rusuli Targmanis mixedviT 4. mefe giorgi iTxovda, rom misi saTx-
msjelobdnen. notaSi aRniSnulia, rom giorgi ovari punqtebis ganxilvamde, imperatoris
XII-s jer kidev mamis, mefe erekles, sicocx- mier maT damtkicebamde da qarTl-kaxeTis
leSive hqonda gaumJRavnebeli (saidumlod samefosa da ruseTis imperias Soris axali
daculi) survili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos xelSekrulebis dadebamde gazrdiliyo qa-
ruseTis monarqis `srul `srul damokidebulebaSi rTl-kaxeTis samefoSi myofi ruseTis jaris
da qveSevrdomobaSi~
qveSevrdomobaSi~ Sesvlis Sesaxeb (rusul raodenoba, raTa mters samefoze Tavdasxmis
TargmanSi: „вполную зависимость и подданство~).
подданство~). survili ar gasCenoda;
am Sesavlis Semdeg notaSi Camoyalibebulia 5. mefe giorgi ruseTis imperiis sagareo
qarTl-kaxeTis mefis giorgi XII-is ``saTxovari
saTxovari saqmeTa kolegias sTxovda saswrafod ganexi-
punqtebi~:
punqtebi la notaSi Camoyalibebuli saTxovari punqte-
1. mefe giorgis memkvidreebTan, samRvde- bi da waredgina igi imperatorisaTvis;
loebasTan, didebulebTan da yvela Tavis 6. qarTl-kaxeTis mefes, garda zemoT
qveSevrdomTan erTad surda, rom samudamod aRniSnulisa, kidev hqonda saTxovari, ro-
mieRo ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomoba (ru- melic rusul mxares gadaecemoda mas Semdeg,
sul TargmanSi: „навсегда принять подданство rac notaSi Camoyalibebuli saTxovari pun-
Всероссийской Империи~).
Империи~). mefe giorgi pirobas qtebi ganixileboda da imperatori daamt-
debda, rom piradad igi da misi qveSevrdo- kicebda.
mebi srulad Seasrulebdnen yvela im mova- 1800 wlis 24 ivnisis notaSi Camoya-
leobas, rac ruseTis qveSevrdomebs ekisre- libebuli giorgi XII-is saTxovari punqtebi
bodaT, daicavdnen ruseTis imperiis yvela georgievskis traqtatis (1783 wlis 24 ivli-
49
si) pirobebidan principul ukandaxevas war- tis memkvidred oficialurad iyo damtkice-
moadgenda. erekle II ruseTis imperatoris buli, magram avadmyof mefes es damSvidebis
mfarvelobaSi Sevida, xolo giorgi XII ru- saSualebas ar aZlevda. bolos mefe giorgi
seTis imperatoris qveSevrdomobas iTxovda. im dasknamde mivida, rom daviT batoniSvilis
mfarveloba (Покравительство
Покравительство)) da qveSevrdo- taxtze asvla samefos SinaaSlilobisagan ver
moba (Подданство
Подданство) ori gansxvavebuli cnebaa. ixsnida, dapirispireba samefo saxlis wevrebs
mfarveloba qarTl-kaxeTis samefos suveren- Soris isev Zveleburad gagrZeldeboda.
itetis SenarCunebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda, umZimes mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili, diabetis
Tumca, garkveuli SezRudvebiT. qveSevrdo- rTuli formiT daavadebuli, dedinacvlisa
moba ZiriTad suverenul uflebebze xelis aRe- da naxevarZmebis dausrulebeli intrigebiT
bas niSnavda da faqtobrivad, qarTl-kaxeTis Tavmobezrebuli giorgi XII, sruliad bune-
samefo ruseTis imperiis nawili xdeboda.
xdeboda. yur- brivia, rom gamosavals eZebda. samefosaTvis
adRebas imsaxurebs erTi arc- Tu umniSvnelo sabediswero Jams mefis gverdiT araTu Tana-
detali. giorgi XII qveSevrdomobas iTxovda. moazreTa jgufi, aramed erTi met-naklebad
rusul oficialur dokumentebSi qveSevrdo- kompetenturi mrCevelic ki ar idga. mefesTan
moba iTargmneboda Подданство
Подданство-d,
-d, Tumca xSir- iSviaTad Sediodnen batoniSvili daviTi da
ad qveSevrdomoba iTargmneboda ara rogorc Tavadi solomon lioniZe, samagierod, mefis
Подданство, aramed, rogorc Владычество. ru-
Подданство sawolSi xSirad imyofebodnen: qarTl-kaxeTis
seTis saimperatoro karze qarTl-kaxeTis samefos karze ruseTis imperiis srulufle-
samefos sruluflebianma warmomadgenleb- biani warmomadgeneli (ministri) piotr kova-
ma, maT Soris garsevan WavWavaZem, SeiZleba lenski,, saqarTveloSi myofi ruseTis jaris
lenski
arc ki icodnen, Tu ras niSnavda qarTulad meTauri general-maiori ivan lazarevi
lazarevi,, ruse-
Владычество.. niko CubinaSvilis leqsikonSi
Владычество Tis jaris egerTa polkis meTauri general-
Владычество ramdenime qarTuli SesatyvisiT maiori vasili guliakovi da mefis mier daqi-
aris warmodgenili: meufeba
meufeba,, ufleba
ufleba,, suf- ravebuli lekTa razmis meTaurebi. ar aris
eva,, mTavroba
eva mTavroba,, mflobeloba
mflobeloba,, samflobelo
samflobelo.. gamoricxuli, rom swored rusebis aqtiuri
rusi politikuri da samxedro moRvaweebi monawileobiT iqna Sedgenili giorgi XII-is
Владычество-s
Владычество -s swored mflobelobis da sam- saTxovari punqtebi. amas gvafiqrebinebs is,
flobelos mniSvnelobiT iyenebdnen, isini rom daviT batoniSvilma saTxovari punqtebis
miiCnevdnen, rom giorgi XII-is saTxovari pun- Sinaarsi ar icoda.
qtebi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis impera- 19. apolos musin-puSkinis 1800 wlis 10
toris mflobelobaSi gadasvlas, ruseTis im- dekembris moxseneba
moxseneba.. ruseTis saimperatoro
peratoris samflobelod gadaqcevas gulisx- karis davalebiT qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi
mobda. imyofeboda grafi apolos musin musin-puSkini
puSkini,,
ratom gadawyvita giorgi XII-m qveynisaT- romelmac gamoikvlia qarTl-kaxeTis same-
vis damRupveli nabijis gadadgma? _ es, up- foSi arsebuli wiaRiseuli simdidre (oqros,
irveles yovlisa, ganpirobebuli iyo samxreT vercxlisa da spilenZis sabadoebi). 1800 wlis
kavkasiaSi Seqmnili urTulesi samxedro- 10 dekembers musin-puSkinma moxseneba miarTva
politikuri viTarebiT _ qarTl-kaxeTis same- giorgi XII-s. moxsenebaSi Camoyalibebuli iyo
fos iranis, osmaleTisa da kavkasiis mTielebis is principebi, romelTa safuZvelze qarTl-
Semosevebisagan Tavis dacva aRar SeeZlo. amas kaxeTis samefosa da ruseTis imperias Soris
emateboda samefo saxlis wevrebs Soris gaaf- madnebis eqspluataciis Taobaze xelSek-
Trebuli dapirispireba _ brZola samefo tax- ruleba unda dadebuliyo. musin-puSkinma Svi-
tis xelSi CagdebisaTvis. samefo saxlis orad di SekiTxva dausva giorgi XII-s:
gayofam Tavadebisa da samRvdeloebis zedafe- 1. SeZlebda Tu ara mefe sabadoebis
nis orad gayofa gamoiwvia, mTeli qveyana Si- eqspluataciis dawyebisaTvis aucilebeli
naaSlilobaSi aRmoCnda CaTreuli. sicocxlis pirobebis Sesrulebas (muSaxelis mobilize-
bolo Tveebis ganmavlobaSi giorgi XII piotr bas, xe-tyiTa da wyliT momaragebas da sxva
kovalenskisa da ivan lazarevTan erTaderTi aucilebeli masalebiT uzrunvelyofas)?
saTxovari hqonda: misi gardacvalebis Semdeg mefem am kiTxvas dadebiTad upasuxa;
taxtze daviT batoniSvilis ayvana. marTa- 2. SeZlebda Tu ara mefe miwebis gamoyo-
lia, daviT batoniSvili pavel I-is mier tax- fas sabadoebis gamagrebisaTvis aucilebeli
50
vaxtang guruli
Senobebis asagebad, aseve sabadoebis muSebi- musin-puSkini imperatorisadmi wardgenil

saTvis saxnavis, saTibis da saZovris gamoyo- moxsenebaSi aRniSnavs, Tavadebis pasuxi aseTi
fas? mefem am kiTxvasac dadebiTad upasuxa; yofila: Tu qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTis
3. Tanaxma iyo Tu ara mefe, rom imave pi- SemadgenlobaSi ar Seva, maSin igi unda Sevi-
robebiT gagrZelebuliyo momavalSi gaxsnili des an iranis an osmaleTis qveSevrdomobaSi,
sabadoebis eqspluatacia? mefe am pirobasac an mas kavkasiis mTielebi daaqceveno.
daeTanxma; 20. 1800 wlis 24 ivnisis notis (giorgi
4. ra daxmarebis aRmoCena SeeZlo mefes XII-is saTxovari punqtebis) ganxilva ruseTis
sabadoebze samuSaod mowveuli specialiste- mTavrobaSi da misi Sedegebi.
Sedegebi. apolos musin-
bisaTvis, magaliTad berZnebisaTvis? mefem puSkins azri gamouTqvams 1800 wlis 24 ivnisis
valdebuleba aiRo samuSaod mowveuli spe- notaSi Camoyalibebuli giorgi XII-is saTx-
cialistebisaTvis gamoeyo muSebi da saerTod, ovari punqtebis Sesaxeb da imperatorisaTvis
gaekeTebina yvelaferi sabadoebis eqspluata- qarTl-kaxeTis mefis saTxovari punqtebis
ciis dawyebisaTvis; dakmayofileba urCevia. musin-puSkinis garda,
5. SeZlebda Tu ara mefe xuTi wlis gan- imperators imaves urCevdnen sxva gavleniani
mavlobaSi sabados muSebi uzrunvelyo pu- politikuri moRvaweebic.
riT? mefem muSebis puriT uzrunvelyofa ruseTis saimperatoro karma politi-
Tavis Tavze ver aiRo, magram piroba dado, kuri da samxedro elitis rCevis safuZvelze
rom gamoscemda brZanebas, romelic muSebs giorgi XII-is saTxovari punqtebis dakmayo-
saSualebas miscemda puri samarTlian fasebSi fileba gadawyvita. imxanad arc aravis dauma-
SeesyidaT; lavs, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis Ziri-
6. mefis azriT, ruseTis jaris ra raode- Tad motivs warmoadgenda ara qarTl-kaxeTis
noba iyo aucilebeli sabadoebis usafrTxoe- samefos gadarCena, aramed ruseTis imperiis
bis uzrunvelsayofad? mefe miiCnevda, rom miswrafeba samxreT kavkasiaSi damkvidrebisak-
Tbilisis rusuli garnizonis garda, sabadoe- en. yuradReba maxvildeboda oTx mTavar faq-
bis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad saWiro torze:
iqneboda ruseTis jaris damatebiTi kontin- 1. Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebuli gamagre-
genti _ 3.000 mebrZoli; buli xazi (kavkasiis xazi) ver uzrunvelyof-
7. rogori unda yofiliyo mefis wili da mTielTa winaaRmdeg warmatebul brZolas.
sabadoebidan miRebul SemosavalSi? mefe Tv- Tu aseTive xazi samxreT kavkasiaSic (saqa-
lida, rom es sakiTxi unda gadaWriliyo ru- rTveloSic) Seiqmneboda, mTielebi ormxrivi
seTis imperatoris Sexedulebisamebr. dartymis qveS moeqceodnen. Tu mTielebi
cxadia, apolos musin-puSkini qarTl- mainc ar danebdebodnen, maSin morCilebas
kaxeTis samefoSi marto oqros, vercxlisa maT SimSiliT aiZulebdnen. im droisaTvis
da spilenZis sabadoebis damuSavebis sakiTx- kavkasiis mTielebi kvebisaTvis aucilebel
Tan dakavSirebiT ar iyo Camosuli. mas qa- produqts an Crdilo kavkasiaSi (ZiriTa-
rTl-kaxeTis samefoSi Seqmnili politikuri dad mozdokSi) an saqarTveloSi (ZiriTadad
viTarebis Sefaseba, aseve prorusul da an- TbilisSi) yidulobdnen.
tirusul ZalTa Tanafardobis dadgena eva- 2. saqarTvelo mdidari iyo wiaRiseuliT,
leboda. musin-puSkini zedmiwevniT zustad romlis damuSaveba ruseTisaTvis ekonomiku-
unda garkveuliyo mefe giorgisa da darejan rad metad xelsayreli iyo;
dedoflis dajgufebebs Soris mimdinare da- 3. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo iranisa da in-
pirispirebaSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, yvela davale- doeTisaken mimaval savaWro gzaze mdebareob-
ba rusma emisarma warmatebiT Seasrula. musin- da da amdenad, am regionSi fexis mokidebiT
puSkinma imperator pavel I-s moaxsena, rom ruseTi did mogebas naxavda;
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos politikur elitaSi 4. osmaleTTan omis SemTxvevaSi Savi zR-
(samefo saxlis wevrebi, gavleniani Tavadebi da vis samxedro flotiT, mcire aziis sanapir-
meufeebi) prorusuli orientaciis momxreni oze jaris gadasxmasTan erTad, qarTl-kaxe-
sWrabobdnen.. rusi emisari imperators swer-
sWrabobdnen Tis samefodan ruseTis jarebi SeiZleboda
da, rom gavlenian TavadebTan saubrisas man SeWriliyvnen osmaleTis CrdiloeT provin-
scada gaerkvia, rogori iyo maTi Sexeduleba ciaSi da daekavebinaT anatolia, riTac mZime
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos momavalze. rogorc mdgomareobaSi Caagdebdnen osmaleTs. piriq-
51
iT, Tu osmaleTi moaxerxebda saqarTvelos erT-erTi TbilisSi unda dabrunebuliyo da

teritoriis da maT Soris qarTl-kaxeTis mefisa da xalxisaTvis unda ecnobebina pavel
teritoriis dakavebas, mZime mdgomareobaSi I-is Tanxmobis Sesaxeb. Tu amis Semdeg giorgi XII
aRmoCndeboda kavkasiis xazi, Sesustdeboda da misi xalxi meored iTxovdnen qveSevrdomo-
ruseTis poziciebi yirimSi. baSi miRebas da sagangebo sigelsac moawerdnen
am mosazrebebs gauwia angariSi ruseTis xels, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTis imperiis
saimperatoro karma, rodesac giorgi XII-is qveSevrdomobaSi iqneboda miRebuli.
saTxovari punqtebis dakmayofileba gadawyvi- paralelurad ruseTis saimperato-
ta. ro karma SekiTxva gaugzavna kavkasiis xa-
zemoT xsenebul mosazrebebTan erTad zis mTavarsardal general-leitenant karl
apolos musin-puSkini, aseve sxva politikuri knorings. ruseTis xelisufleba cdilobda
da samxedro moRvaweebi imeds gamoTqvamdnen, gaerkvia, damatebiT ra raodenobis jari unda
rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis qveSevr- gaegzavnaT qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi: 1. mezo-
domobaSi miRebis Semdeg imaves moiTxovda beli saxelmwifoebisa da xalxebis Tavdasx-
imereTis samefo da amrigad, mTeli saqarT- misagan samefos dasacavad; 2. samefoSi Sina-
velo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi aR- gani wesrigis dasacavad da axali mmarTvelo-
moCndeboda. bis dasamyareblad.
cxadia, ruseTis saimperatoro kars 1800 wlis noembris Sua xanebisaTvis
gaTvaliswinebuli hqonda isic, rom qarTl- ruseTis saimperatoro karze miRebul iqna
kaxeTis samefos ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi gadawyvetileba:
(mflobelobaSi) gadasvlas SeiZleba gar- 1. giorgi XII-s sikvdilamde SeunarCundes
Tulebebi mohyoloda. rusebma yuradReba mefobis ufleba;
miaqcies imas, rom garTulebis SemTxvevaSi 2. giorgi XII-is sikvdilis Semdeg misi
upirvelesi mniSvneloba eniWeboda kavkasiis ufrosi vaJi, ruseTis imperatoris mier tax-
xazidan (georgievskidan, mozdokidan) Tbili- tis memkvidred cnobili daviTi, damtkicdes
sisaken momavali gzis dacvas, raTa ruseTis saqarTvelos (qarTl-kaxeTis samefos _ v.
jaris moZraoba ar Seferxebuliyo. am gzis g.) general
general-gubernatorad
gubernatorad da amasTan erTad
umniSvnelovanesi monakveTi aragvis xeobaSi SeunarCundes mefis tituli (daviT giorgis
vaxtang batoniSvilis saufliswuloze gadio- Zis general-gubernatorad daniSvna did sir-
da. ruseTis saimperatoro kars imedi hqonda, Tuled ar iqna miCneuli, radgan daviTi ru-
rom giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg vax- seTis imperatoris samsaxurSi imyofeboda,
tang batoniSvilis mimxrobas SeZlebdnen. miniWebuli hqonda generlis samxedro wodeba
21. molaparakeba peterburgSi.
peterburgSi. 1800 wlis da erTxans msaxurobda ruseTis jarSi);
24 ivnisis notiT (giorgi XII-is saTxovari 3. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo miematos ru-
punqtebiT) peterburgSi Casul qarTl-kax- seTis imperiis guberniebis ricxvs ``saqarT-
saqarT-
eTis samefos sruluflebiani warmomadgen- velos samefos
samefos~~ saxeliT.
lebis giorgi avaliSvilisa da elizbar fala- Tavdapirvelad ruseTis saimperatoro
vandiSvilis,, aseve peterburgSi myofi garse-
vandiSvilis kars ar surda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Sinaur
van WavWavaZis miReba da maTTan molaparakebis mmarTvelobaSi Careuliyo. gadawyda Tbilis-
warmoeba daevala imperator pavel I-is fa- Si gagzavniliyo erTi rusi moxele, romelic
vorits, ruseTis imperiis sagareo politikis giorgi XII-s daexmareboda samefoSi wesrigis
faqtobriv xelmZRvanel fiodor rostopCins damyarebaSi da Tvalyurs adevnebda marTlm-
da pavel I-Tan daaxloebul pirs, cnobil dip- sajulebas. pavel I qarTvelebs pirdeboda,
lomats, saidumlo mrCevel sergei laSqarevs
laSqarevs.. rom yvela Tanamdeboba (samoxeleo, sasamarT-
Sexvedra Sedga 1800 wlis 14 noembers. fiodor lo, saeklesio) SenarCunebuli iqneboda, ru-
rostopCinma qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sru- seTis jari ki mezobeli saxelmwifoebisa da
luflebian warmomadgenlebs ganucxada, rom xalxebisgan samefos dacvas uzrunvelyofda.
imperatori pavel I Tanaxma iyo mefe giorgi ruseTis imperatorma aseve gadawyvita: giori
XII da misi xalxi mieRo qveSevrdomobaSi
qveSevrdomobaSi.. qve- XII-s da mis ojaxs, aseve samefo saxlis wevrebs
SevrdomobaSi miRebisaTvis imperatorma erTi jamagiri qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Semosavle-
pirobis Sesruleba moiTxova: qarTl-kaxeTis bidan unda mieRoT. Tu samefo saxlis wevrebi
samefos sruluflebiani warmomadgenlebidan sacxovreblad ruseTSi gadavidodnen, maT
52
vaxtang guruli
uboZebdnen mamulebs da maTi Rirsebis Sesaf- iSvili da elizbar falavandiSvili peterbur-

eris wodebebs. gidan TbilisSi gamoemgzavrnen. peterburgSi
giorgi XII-is janmrTelobis mdgomareo- darCa mxolod garsevan WavWavaZe. qarTveli
bis ukiduresad gauaresebisa da mefis mosa- elCebi ruseTis imperiis dedaqalaqSi mxolod
lodneli gardacvalebis gamo ruseTis saim- 1801 wlis TebervalSi dabrundnen. 1801 wlis
peratoro karma moqmedebis sagangebo gegma aprilSi kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma karl
SeimuSava. 1800 wlis 15 noembers kavkasiis knoringma jarTan erTad qarTl-kaxeTis same-
xazis mTavarsardalma general-leitenantma foSi gamgzavrebis brZaneba miiRo. jer kidev
karl knoringma pavel I-is reskripti miiRo, 1800 wlis 26 noembers rostopCini knorings
Tu rogor unda emoqmeda mefis gardacva- werda: àucilebelia dromde qarTl-kaxeTis
lebis SemTxvevaSi. kavkasiis xazis mTavarsar- samefoSi yvelaferi pirvandeli saxiT darC-
dals qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mosaxleobisaT- es. Tavadebma Tqven unda gacnobon ramdenad
vis unda gamoecxadebina, rom mas peter- sasargebloa qarTl-kaxeTis samefosaTvis
burgidan taxtis memkvidris, daviT giorgis ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvla. daamSvideT
Zis mefed gamocxadebis brZaneba ar hqonda Tavadebi, rom mezoblebisa nuRar eSiniaT. am
miRebuli. 1800 wlis 15 noembers knoringma TvalsazrisiT yvelaferi wesrigSi iqneba da
imperatoris meore reskriptic miiRo. pavel Cven gveqneba bedniereba monawileoba miviRoT
I kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardals ubrZanebda im saqmis aRsrulebaSi, romelic RmerTsa da
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi damatebiT gaegzavna xelmwifes esaTnoeba~. knoringma, imperator
dragunTa erTi da qveiTTa sami polki. knor- pavel I-is brZanebis Tanaxmad, qarTl-kaxeTis
ings aseve ebrZana axali reskriptis miRebi- samefoSi gamosagzavnad moamzada: dragunda
sTanave TviTonac gamgzavrebuliyo qarTl- polki (meTauri general-maiori semion port-
kaxeTis samefoSi an gaegzavna erTi generali. niagini), grenaderTa polki (meTauri gener-
imperatori knorings werda, rom mas `pativi al-maiori sergei tuCkovi) da muSketerTa
eqneboda ruseTisaTvis SeeerTebina terito- polki, romelic uSualod karl knorringis
`Область~),
ria (rusul dedanSi: `Область ~), romelsac daqvemdebarebaSi iyo. garda am sami polkisa,
emuqreboda yvela mezobeli xalxi~. rostop- qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi igzavneboda mexuTe
Cini knorings swerda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis saartilerio polkis oTxi zarbazani. rode-
samefos ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis sac zemoT aRniSnuli polkebi qarTl-kaxeTis
Semdeg `bolo moeReboda mTielTa TviTnebo- samefoSi adre gamogzavnil ruseTis jars
bas da kaspiispireTis mflobelTa SfoTs~. SeuerTdeboda, mTlianad saqarTveloSi ru-
22.. ruseTis saimperatoro karis gegmebi
22 seTis samxedro Zalebis seriozuli raode-
giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis droisaTvis. ru- noba moiyrida Tavs: qveiTTa 8 batalioni,
seTis saimperatoro karze qarTl-kaxeTis kavaleristTa 10 eskadroni, kazakTa 1 aseu-
samefos qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Taobaze li, 4 mZime zarbazani, 15 savele zarbazani.
poziciis Sejerebis Semdeg giorgi avaliS- qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi myofi ruseTis jari
vili da elizbar falavandiSvili TbilisSi ase unda ganawilebuliyo: TbilisSi _ gener-
gamoemgzavrnen. maT Tan mohqondaT fiodor al-leitenant karl knorringis muSketerTa
rostopCinis 1800 wlis 23 noembris werili. polki, general-maior ivan lazarevis qveiTTa
ruseTis xelisuflebis pirobebis gacnobis polkidan 1 batalioni, dragunTa 2 eskadroni
Semdeg giorgi XII-s qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis da mTeli artileria (4 mZime da 15 msubuqi
Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetileba unda mieRo. zarbazani); TelavSi _ general-maior vasili
Tu mefe qveSevrdomobis miRebis Taobaze ru- guliakovis polkis muSketerTa 1 batalioni,
seTis xelisuflebis pirobebs dasTanxmeboda egerTa 1 aseuli da dragunTa 2 eskadroni;
da sagangebo sigelsac moawerda xels, giorgi loreSi _ polkovnik sergei tuCkovis grenad-
avaliSvilsa da elizbar falavandiSvils es erTa polkis 1 batalioni, egerTa 1 aseuli
sigeli peterburgSi unda CaetanaT. peter- da dragunTa 2 eskadroni; gorSi _ general-
burgSi gamgzavrebamde mefe giorgis ruseTis maior sergei tuCkovis grenaderTa polkis 1
saimperatoro karze qarTl-kaxeTis samefos batalioni, egerTa 1 aseuli da dragunTa 2
warmomadgenlebisaTvis elCebi unda ewode- eskadroni, duSeTSi - egerTa 1 aseuli. ruse-
bina. Tis jarebis ganlagebisas gaTvaliswinebuli
1800 wlis noemberis bolos giorgi aval- iyo is, rom Tbilisi yoveli mxridan daculi
53
yofiliyo da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi jarebs daviT batoniSvilis momxreebi kaxeTis mo-

Seuferxeblad moeyaraT Tavi TbilisTan. saxleobas arwmunebdnen, rom Tu igi samefo
1800 wlis 15 dekembris Semdeg ramden- taxtze ar avida, mefe giorgis naxevarZmebi
jerme gavrcelda xma giorgi XII-is gardacva- (erekle mefisa da darejan dedoflis vaJebi)
lebis Sesaxeb. 20 dekembers gorTan, sofel samefos iranis Sahis qveSevrdomad aqcevdnen.
WalaSi, Seikribnen batoniSvilebi (darejan batoniSvilis momxreebma mizans miaRwies _
dedoflis vaJebi) da mowodeba daugzavnes qa- kaxeTis mosaxleobam daviT giorgis Zis erT-
laq goris mcxovreblebs, samRvdeloebas da gulebaze daifica.
saerTod qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mosaxleo- samefo taxtis maZiebel batoniSvilTa
bas. mowodebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom erekle Soris brZolas dasasruli ar uCanda. da-
II-is mier damtkicebuli taxtis memkvidreobis pirispirebulma mxareebma Seityves, rom male
wesis Tanaxmad, giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis TbilisSi dabrundebodnen peterburgidan
Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis mefe unda gamxdariyo wamosuli giorgi avaliSvili da elizbar fa-
ZmebSi ufrosi, batoniSvili iuloni
iuloni.. batoniS- lavandiSvili. cxadia, qarTl-kaxeTis same-
vilebma TavianTi momxreebi gorSi miiwvies, fos warmomadgenlebis TbilisSi Camosvlis
vinc gorSi ar gamocxaddeboda, dasjiT zusti TariRi ar icoda ivan lazarevmac. am
emuqrebodnen. batoniSvilma daviT giorgis ukanasknels jer kidev giorgi avaliSvilisa
Zem mcxeTaSi Semavali gza gadaketa, Cxrekd- da elizbar falavandiSvilis TbilisSi Camos-
nen Tbilisisaken momaval adamianebs, eZebdnen vlamde karl knorringisagan miRebuli hqon-
saidumlo werilebs. Cxrekas Tan sdevda mg- da saidumlo brZaneba: yvelaferi gaekeTebina
zavrebis Zarcva. generalma lazarevma daviT imisaTvis, rom giorgi XII-s Tavisi wadili
batoniSvils hkiTxa, Tu ratom idga mcxeTas- aResrulebina, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gen-
Tan piketi maSin, rodesac lekebis Semosevis erals SeeZlo ruseTis jaric gamoeyenebina.
saSiSroeba ar arsebobda. daviT batoniSvilma knorringi lazarevs aseve acnobebda, rom za-
rus generals upasuxa, rom mas araviTari pik- mTris miuxedavad, igi mzad iyo jarTan erTad
eti ar dauyenebia da amitom araferi icoda, kavkasiis xazidan Tbilisisaken daZruliyo.
RamiT ki piketi moxsna, Tumca biZebTan brZo- 1800 wlis dekembris damdegidan peter-
laze xeli ar auRia. burgSi sxvadasxva wyarodan midioda cnobebi
1800 wlis 22 dekembers TbilisSi xma giorgi XII-is janmrTelobis mdgomareobis
gavrcelda, rom mZimed avadmyofma mefe ukiduresad gauaresebisa da uaxloes xanebSi
giorgim sionis taZarSi moisurva gadayvana, mefis mosalodneli gardacvalebis Sesaxeb.
raTa qveSevrdomebi taxtis memkvidre davi- peterburgSi Cqarobdnen. imperatorma pavel
Tis erTgulebaze daeficebina. samefo sax- I-ma qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis imperias-
lis wevrebis nawili, Tavadebi da Tbilisis Tan SeerTebis sakiTxi gansaxilvelad gadasca
mosaxleoba sionis taZrisaken daiZra. sioni- saxelmwifo sabWos da Tan ubrZana Seqmnili
saken gaemarTnen rusi generlebi: ivan laza- viTarebis gamo sakiTxis ganxilva daeCqarebi-
revi da vasili guliakovi. rogorc laza- naT. imperatori saxelmwifo sabWos swerda,
revis 1800 wlis 25 dekembris moxsenebaSia rom igi movale iyo mfarvelobaSi miRebul
aRniSnuli, sionis taZarSi daficebis cer- qveyanaSi uzrunveleyo wesrigi da mtrebisa-
emoniali ar Catarebula. aRsrulda mxolod gan dacva.
im wmidanTa neStTa aRmoyvaneba, romlebic 23.. ruseTis imperator pavel I-is 1800
23
aRa mahmad xanis Semosevis dros taZarSi iyo wlis 18 dekembris manifesti qarTl-kaxeTis
gadamaluli. ivan lazarevs isic daudgenia, samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTis imperia-
rom daficebis Sesaxeb xmebi daviT batoniS- sTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb.
Sesaxeb. ruseTis imperiis
vilis mier yofila gavrcelebuli. Tbilisi- saxelmwifo sabWoSi qarTl-kaxeTis same-
dan daviT batoniSvili kaxeTSi gaemgzavra. fos ruseTTan SeerTebis sakiTxi 1800 wlis
rogorc 1800 wlis 23 dekembers kaxeTidan 17 dekembers ganixiles. saxelmwifo sabWoSi
lazarevs acnobes, batoniSvili daviTi da SiSobdnen, rom giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis
misi momxreebi kaxeTis Tavadebs, aznaurebs, Semdeg batoniSvilebs Soris SeiaraRebuli
samRvdeloebasa da saerTod mosaxleobas dapirispireba daiwyeboda. Seqmnili qaosi os-
mouwodebdnen Txovna gaegzavnaT lazarevi- maleTsa da irans saSualebas miscemda dae-
saTvis, rom daviT batoniSvili mefed ecno. pyro qarTl-kaxeTi, xolo Crdilo kavkasiis
54
vaxtang guruli
mTielebs _ ganukiTxavad eZarcvaT qveyana. 24.. giorgi XII-is gardacvaleba

24 gardacvaleba.. 1800 wlis
saxelmwifo sabWos wevrebma gamoTqves mosaz- 28 dekembers TbilisSi 54 wlis asakSi garda-
reba, rom saqarTveloSi osmaleTisa da ira- icvala qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefe gior-
nis gabatoneba, aseve lekTa da sxva xalxebis gi XII. 26-27 dekembris Rame general-maiorma
ganukiTxavi TareSi safrTxes Seuqmnida ru- ivan lazarevma mefis rezidenciaSi gaatara.
seTis poziciebs Crdilo kavkasiaSi. ruseTis 27 dekembers diliT generali isev mivida me-
imperiasTan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos SeerTebis fis samyofelSi da momakvdavis monaxulebis
sakiTxis ganxilvisas saxelmwifo sabWos wevre- Semdeg TbilisSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris
bi pirvel rigSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos dacvis komendanturaSi gamocxadda. lazarevma ofi-
aucileblobas ki ar aniWebdnen gadamwyvet crebs sabrZolo mzadyofna ubrZana. komen-
mniSvnelobas, aramed imas, Tu ra sargeblobas danturidan generali mefis rezidenciaSi da-
moutanda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos SeerTeba ru- brunda. mefe giorgim ikiTxa, Tu rodis dab-
seTs.. saxelmwifo sabWos wevrebma qarTl-kax-
seTs rundeboda peterburgidan garsevan WavWavaZe.
eTis samefos SeerTebas Semdegi mizezis gamo lazarevma upasuxa, rom garsevan WavWavaZe
dauWires mxari: 1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos male Camovidoda TbilisSi. generals mefes-
SeerTebis Semdeg gamoiricxeboda samxreT ka- Tan laparaki jer kidev ar daesrulebina,
vkasiaSi iranisa da osmaleTis damkvidrebis roca mefis sawolSi daviT batoniSvili da
saSiSroeba da usafrTxo gaxdeboda imperiis Tavadi solomon lioniZe Semovidnen. mefe
samxreTi sazRvari; 2. saqarTveloSi damkvi- giorgisa da batoniSvil daviTis urTierToba
drebis Semdeg ruseTs saSualeba miecemoda bolo xanebSi daiZaba. mefe saxelmwifo saqmee-
mtkiced moekidebina fexi Crdilo kavkasiaSi, bis Taobaze ufro xSirad ioane batoniSvils
gamoericxa iranisa da osmaleTis mxardaWera eTaTbireboda, ioanec xSirad moinaxulebda
Crdilo kavkasiis muslimi mosaxleobisadmi; xolme avadmyof mamas. aman taxtis memkvi-
3. iranTan da osmaleTTan omis SemTxvevaSi dre daviTi Zalze gaaRiziana da igi xSirad
saqarTvelos teritoria jarebis Tavmoyrisa aRar Cndeboda mefis rezidenciaSi, iSviaTad
da iranisa da osmaleTis teritoriaze SeWri- Sedioda mefis sawolSi. mefe giorgim solo-
saTvis gamoeyenebina; 4. samxreT kavkasiaSi mon lioniZezec aiyara guli, ar siamovnebda,
damkvidrebiT ruseTs saSualeba miecemoda rom daviT batoniSvilma mrCevlad is gaixa-
daecva ruseTidan iransa da indoeTSi mima- da. batoniSvil daviTisa da solomon lion-
vali savaWro gzis mniSvnelovani monakveTi; iZis sawolSi Semosvla mefes ar esiamovna.
5. ruseTs saSualeba miecemoda aeTvisebina da aSkara iyo, rom ivan lazarevisa da solomon
gamoeyenebina saqarTvelos wiaRiseuli simdi- lioniZis TandaswrebiT mefes taxtis memkvi-
dre. dresTan saubari ar surda. solomon lioni-
saxelmwifo sabWos gadawyvetilebam gav- Zem mefes hkiTxa:
lena iqonia pavel I-is poziciaze. imperatori _ Tqvens umaRlesobas xom ar surs taxt-
aRar daeloda peterburgidan TbilisSi gag- Tan da samefosTan dakavSirebiT raime ubrZa-
zavnili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos elCebis gior- nos memkvidres?
gi avaliSvilisa da elizbar falavandiSvilis mefem solomon lioniZis SekiTxva upa-
dabrunebas da 1800 wlis 18 dekembers xeli suxod datova. amis Semdeg daviT batoniSvili
moawera manifests qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gau- SeekiTxa mefes:
qmebisa da misi ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTebis _ rogor aris Tqveni janmrTeloba?
Sesaxeb. manifesti dauyovnebliv gaugzavnes _ axla me ise janmrTelad var, rogorsac
kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal karl knorings. Sen ar isurvebdi, _ upasuxa mefem batoniS-
amasTan erTad, knoringma miiRo imperatoris vils.
brZaneba, rom manifesti mxolod giorgi XII-is 1800 wlis 27 dekembers mefe giorgi ab-
gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi gamoeqveynebina. soluturad saRad azrovnebda, magram, ro-
Tu qarTl-kaxeTis samefos elCebis giorgi gorc Cans, mis sxeuls seni ukve srulad
avaliSvilisa da elizbar falavandiSvilis daufleboda. 28 dekembers, dilis 11:00 saa-
peterburgSi Casvlis droisaTvis giorgi XII Tze qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefe giorgi
kvlav cocxali iqneboda, knorringi manifes- XII gardaicvala.
tis gamoqveynebisa da Semdgomi moqmedebis giorgi XII ise gardaicvala, rom daviT
Sesaxeb brZanebas peterburgidan miiRebda. batoniSvilTan Serigeba ver moaswro. yvelam
55
kargad uwyoda, Tu ra didi dro da energia dauyovnebliv acnobebda xolme kavkasiis xa-
Sealia mefem daviT batoniSvilis taxtis mem- zis mTavarsardal general-leintenant karl
kvidred aRiarebas da yvelaferi gaakeTa im- knorings,, xolo es ukanaskneli _ ruseTis im-
knorings
isaTvis, rom daviTi samefo taxtze asuliyo. perators. Tbilisidan miRebuli informaciis
amis sanacvlo siyvaruli, yuradReba da pati- safuZvelze 1801 wlis 13 ianvars knorringi
viscema momakvdavma mefem memkvidrisagan ver pavel I-s moaxsenebda: daviT batoniSvilma
miiRo. sikvdilis sarecelze mijaWvul mefes gaavrcela xma imis Sesaxeb, rom sikvdilis win
sxvac bevri ram uklavda guls. man ver miaR- mefem igi taxtze daamtkica da amis Taobaze
wia samefo saxlis wevrTa Soris Tanxmobisa da
siyvarulis damkvidrebas, Zmebma mravalgzis
daarRvies misTvis micemuli fici. sikvdilis
win darejan dedofalma ramdenjerme moinax-
ula mefe. erTxel mis sawolTan misul dare-
jan dedofals mefe xelze emTxvia da uTxra:
`me damnaSave var Tqven winaSe...“.
1800 wlis 30 dekembers giorgi XII-is
cxedari sionSi gadaasvenes. 1800 wlis 31 de-
kembers ivan lazarevi karl knorings moax-
senebda, rom samefo saxlis wevrebTan, dide-
bulebsa da Tbilisis mosaxleobasTan erTad
gadasvenebis procesiaSi monawileobda ru-
seTis jaris 3 batalioni. dedofali mariami
lazarevs sTxovda ar daeCqarebinaT mefis da-
krZalva. generalma dedofals Txovna Seus-
rula. mefe giorgis cxedari sionis taZridan
gamoasvenes da procesia mcxeTisaken gaudga
gzas. qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefe mcx-
eTaSi, sveticxovlis taZarSi, mamis _ erekle
II-is _ gverdiT dakrZales.
giorgi XII-m samefo imaze gacilebiT mZime
mdgomareobaSi datova, vidre erekle II-m. am-
jerad ar vgulisxmobT mxolod garTulebul daviT batoniSvili
sagareo viTarebas, iranis mier qarTl-kaxeTis
samefos dalaSqvris saSiSroebas da arc ganx- werilic gaugzavna ruseTis imperatorso.
eTqilebas samefo saxlSi. yvela am faqtors imave moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom mefe gior-
isic emateboda, rom mefem Tavisi ojaxis mo- gis gardacvalebamde oTxi dRiT adre daviT
mavalzec ki ver izruna. avadmyofi dedofali batoniSvilma dedofal mariams gamoarTva
mariami da ufliswulebi sruliad usaxsroni samefo beWdebi da samefo kancelariis gas-
darCnen. aRebi. batoniSvilma gadaikiTxa kancelariaSi
daculi dokumentebi, romelTa Soris ipova
im werilis proeqti, romelic mefe giorgis
pavel I-Tvis unda gaegzavna. werilis pro-
§2. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba (1800-1801)
eqtidan gairkva, rom mefe apirebda ruseTis
1.. viTareba qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi gior- imperatorisaTvis 30.000 suli ymis boZeba da
gi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg.
Semdeg. SinaaSlilobis 200.000 maneTis odenobis wliuri jamagiris
gaZliereba. giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis amba- daniSvna eTxova. garda amisa, mefe imperators
vi swrafad gavrcelda Tbilissa da mTel same- sTxovda Tavisi ZmebisaTvis pensiis daniSvnas.
foSi. yvela amoZravda da ganzraxuli gegmis daviT batoniSvilma TavisTan daibara erekle
Sesrulebas Seudga. general-maiori ivan laz- mefis mdivani Tavadi egnate TumaniSvili da
arevi da sxva rusi samxedroebi yvelafers hkiTxa, icoda Tu ara pavel I-dmi gasagzavni
akontrolebdnen, yvelgan TavianTi moeneebi werilis Sinaarsi. marTalia, werilis proeqti
hyavdaT. Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb lazarevi egnate TumaniSvilma Seadgina, magram amjerad
56
vaxtang guruli
proeqtis SedgenaSi monawileoba uaryo. eg- kavebina da ar Careuliyo Tarjimnis saqmeSi.

nate TumaniSvilisagan uaryofiTi pasuxis solomon lioniZem generlis gafrTxileba
miRebis Semdeg daviT batoniSvils uTqvams: yurad ar iRo. urCma Tavadma Tbilisis quCeb-
`mamam Cven yeli gamogvWra~. Si waikiTxa mis mierve SeTxzuli manifesti
ivan lazarevi yovel Rones xmarobda, batoniSvil daviTis taxtze asvlis Sesaxeb.
raTa TbilisSi da saerTod mTel samefoSi van lazarevma lioniZeze TvalTvali daawesa
areuloba ar dawyebuliyo. giorgi XII-is garda daadgina, rom imave RamiT igi dedofal
dacvalebis dResve, 1800 wlis 28 dekembers, darejans Sexvda da masTan xangrZlivi sau-
lazarevma xeli moawera cirkulars kaxe- bari hqonda. es Sexvedra konspiraciis mizniT
Tis mosaxleobisadmi. cirkularis qarTuli Tbilel mitropolit arsenis keliaSi Sedga.
Targmani ase iwyeboda: èrTobiT
èrTobiT kaxeTis sar- ivan lazarevis mier 1800 wlis 28 de-
dalT, TavadT, aznaurT da glexT, qiziyelT da kembers gamocxadebulma pavel I-is brZanebam
erTobiT sxvaT.~
sxvaT.~ generalma kaxeTis mosaxleo- samefoSi SfoTi gamoiwvia. 28 dekembersve
bas mefis gardacvaleba amcno, xolo Semdeg generalma gardacvlili mefis naxevarZmebs,
mTavar saTqmelze gadavida. cirkularSi erekle mefisa da darejan dedoflis vaJebs,
aRniSnuli iyo: ruseTis imperatoris brZane- miswera, rom damorCilebodnen pavel I-is br-
bamde qarTl-kaxeTSi ``mefobis
mefobis mimRebi aravin Zanebas. 1801 wlis 2 ianvars lazarevi knorings
iyos~,
iyos ~, maSasadame, samefos taxts veravin dai- moaxsenebda, rom man daapatimra solomon li-
kavebda. lazarevi kaxeTis mosaxleobas mou- oniZe. 1800 wlis 29 dekembers batoniSvilebma
wodebda, axali mefis taxtze asvlamde pativi vaxtangma da mirianma lazarevis werils upa-
ecaT samefo saxlisaTvis: ``manamdisin
manamdisin yvelani suxes. isini mwuxarebas gamoTqvamdnen mefis
unda daSTebodnen pativiscemasa Sina mefis gardacvalebis gamo, magram, amave dros, gak-
gvarisasa~.
gvarisasa ~. cirkularis bolos aRniSnuli virvebuli iyvnen imiT, rom generalma brZane-
iyo, rom ameridan yvela brZanebas daesmeboda bebis damowmebis ufleba giorgi XII-is vaJs,
batoniSvil ioanes
ioanes,, mdivan egnate TumaniSvi- batoniSvil ioanes, misca da ara gardacvli-
lis da general-maior ivan lazarevis beWedi. li mefis Zmebidan romelimes. batoniSvilebis
lazarevis mier ioane batoniSvilisaTvis up- azriT, es maTi qveynis mmarTvelobidan Ca-
iratesobis miniWebam kidev ufro gaanawyena mocilebas niSnavda. Zmebi generals swerd-
daviT batoniSvili, jer erTi, imitom, rom nen, rom qveynis marTvas piradad Casdgomoda
igi ioaneze ufrosi iyo da meorec, ruseTis saTaveSi da, Tu aucilebloba moiTxovda,
imperatoris mier 1799 wels taxtis memkvi- dasaxmareblad ara ioane batoniSvili, aramed
dred iyo damtkicebuli. mefe ereklesa da darejan dedoflis vaJebi-
gardaicvala Tu ara mefe giorgi, ivan dan erT-erTi miewvia. batoniSvilebi mxolod
lazarevma brZaneba gasca da mefis reziden- am SemTxvevaSi acxadebdnen mzadyofnas erT-
cia ruseTis jaris yaraulma daikava. yarauls guli samsaxuri gaewiaT ruseTis imperato-
mieca brZaneba, ar daeSva rezidenciidan risaTvis. ioane batoniSvilis ufros Zmaze,
raimes gamotana. 1800 wlis 28 dekembersve daviTsa da biZebze, iulons, vaxtangs, far-
lazarevma Sekriba TbilisSi myofi samefo navazsa da mirianze
mirianze,, win dayenebam lazarevi
saxlis wevrebi da Tavadebi. generalma Sekre- uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. 1800 wlis
bilT imperator pavel I-is brZaneba gaacno, 30 dekembers batoniSvilebisadmi gagzavnil
romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom giorgi XII-is werilSi generali Tavs imiT imarTlebda, rom
gardacvalebis Semdeg taxtis memkvidred ara- gadawyvetilebis miRebis momentSi arc erTi
vin gamoecxadebinaT. pavel I-is brZaneba ru- maTgani TbilisSi ar imyofeboda da Tu rome-
sul enaze waikiTxes. sanam mTargmneli teqsts lime batoniSvili samefos marTvaSi monaw-
gadaTargmnida, SekrebilT gamoeyo Tavadi ileobis survils gamoTqvamda, generali amas
solomon lioniZe da xmamaRla ganacxada: gen- pativad miiCnevda.
erali lazarevi daviT batoniSvils gamefebas ivan lazarevi, pirvel rigSi, cdilobda
ulocavso. lazarevs maSinve uTargmnes sol- urTierToba moegvarebina batoniSvil da-
omon lioniZis sityvebi. gabrazebulma gener- viTTan. 1801 wlis 3 ianvars generalma wer-
alma Tarjimans ubrZana xelaxla moexsenebina ili miswera mas. lazarevi werda: kaxeTSi xma
SekrebilTaTvis imperatoris brZanebis Si- gavrcelebula, TiTqos me Tqven mefed gamo-
naarsi, xolo lioniZe gaafrTxila Tavi See- gacxadeT, sinamdvileSi ki 1800 wlis 28 de-
57
kembris cirkulariT me kaxeTis mosaxleobas rom lazarevs rTuli viTarebidan Tavis

vamcne, rom ruseTis imperatoris brZanebamde daRwevisTvis arc Wkua da arc gamocdileba
qarTl-kaxeTis mefed veravin gamocxaddebo- ar hyofnida. sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavard-
da. generali daviT batoniSvils sTxovda, win nili generali 1801 wlis 2 ianvars knorings
aRdgomoda cru xmebis gavrcelebas. swerda, rom mouTmenlad eloda TbilisSi mis
ivan lazarevs damSvidebis saSualeba Camosvlas. es werili sxva mxrivac aris sain-
namdvilad ar hqonda, 1801 wlis 3 ianvars tereso. lazarevi werda: ``vgrZnob,
vgrZnob, savsebiT
qarTlisa Tavadebma weriliT mimarTes jer SeuZlebelia am ucnaur movlenebsa da xalxs
axmetisa da TianeTis, xolo Semdeg mTeli raime movuxerxo, da rom yoveli nabiji Sei-
kaxeTis mosaxleobas. werilebi sakuTari Zleba damRupveli aRmoCndes
aRmoCndes~. dapirispire-
xelmoweriTa da beWdiT daadastures: oTar bul mxareTa Sesaxeb rom saubrobda, genera-
amilaxvarma, giorgi amilaxvarma, nikoloz ami- li aRniSnavda: isini mxolod imas eswrafian,
laxvarma, luarsab amilaxvarma, revaz amilax- èrTmaneTi
erTmaneTi gaZarcvon, waarTvan mTeli mamuli
varma, falavandiSvilebis sagvareulo saxlis da, Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, sicocxlec
sicocxlec~. sa-
warmomadgenlebma (èrTobliv
( erTobliv falavandiani~),
falavandiani ), sowarkveTilma lazarevma aseTi gamosavali
becia maCabelma, ioane amilaxvriSvilma, jamasp ipova: dapirispirebul mxareTagan arcerTi-
xerxeuliZem, revaz favleniSvilma, Teimuraz saTvis ar daeWira mxari, arcerTi maTganisaT-
favleniSvilma, iese avaliSvilma, solomon vis ar mieca meoreze gamarjvebis saSualeba.
avaliSvilma, aval avaliSvilma, petre avaliS- am miznis miRweva generalma imiT daiwyo, rom
vilma, ioseb SalikaSvilma, anton avaliSvilma, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos droebiT mmarTvelo-
avTandil amilaxvriSvilma, elizbar ciciS- baSi batoniSvil daviTis nacvlad batoniSvi-
vilma, pavle abaSiZem, gorjasp naTaliSvilma, li ioane Seiyvana. mefobis orive kandidati,
ioseb TumaniSvilma, zaza TumaniSvilma, iese batoniSvilebi daviTi da iuloni, marTalia,
TumaniSvilma, fridon TumaniSvilma, dimi- mmarTvelobaSi ar monawileobdnen, magram
tri TarxniSvilma, arCil favleniSvilma, iese kmayofili darCnen imiT, rom orive preten-
TaqTaqiSvilma, rostom begTabegovma, zaza xe- denti erTnair mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. male
rxeuliZem, erasti sardalma. werilis xelis lazarevma Secdoma dauSva. generalma daviT
momwerni mosaxleobas mouwodebdnen: erekle batoniSvilis daJinebuli moTxovnis Semdeg
II-is anderZis Tanaxmad, romelic dadasture- igi samefos droebiT mmarTvelobaSi Seiyva-
buli iyo giorgi XII-is mier, mefoba iulon na, riTac ioane batoniSvili, faqtobrivad,
batoniSvils ekuTvnis da ar davuSvebT er- ufunqciod datova, xolo iulon batoniS-
ekle mefis anderZis darRvevas da taxtze vili gaanawyena.
iulonis garda sxva vinmes asvlaso. Tavadebi ivan lazarevs odnav amSvidebda is, rom
mosaxleobas mouwodebdnen, ar daeSvaT mefe samefo taxtisaTvis mebrZoli orive da-
erekles anderZis darRveva: ``Cven
Cven Zmani varT, jgufeba TavdacviT poziciaSi imyofeboda da
mefis erekles sisxliT SeerTebulni, yvelani jerjerobiT mxolod mxardamWerebis gamrav-
erT xma unda viqmneT, amazed Cveni Tavi sa- lebiT iyvnen dakavebuli, orive dajgufeba
sikvdiloT gadavdoT da mefis erekles dade- ivan lazarevisa da karl knorringis mimxro-
buli ànderZi
anderZi~ aravis gavatexinoT, Cvenis bas cdilobda. 1801 wlis 2 ianvars vaxtang
qveynis damSvideba da aurevlobac amiT iqneba da mirian batoniSvilebma werili gaugzavnes
da saRmTosa da kacobrivis sjulis aRsrule- knorings. isini werdnen: batoniSvilma bagrat
bac~.. Tavadebi SeTqmulTa viwo wres ar war-
bac giorgis Zem kaxeTSi xma gaavrcela, TiTqos
moadgendnen da Riad apirebdnen moqmedebas. general lazarevs ruseTis imperatori-
werili ase mTavrdeba: ``romelmac
romelmac pirvelad sagan daviT giorgis Zis mefed damtkicebis
naxoT, Tu damaloT, da visTanac mogviweria, brZaneba mieRos. bagrat batoniSvili amaze
yvelas ar gamoucxadoT, _ SeCvenebul iyaviT ar SeCerebula da kaxeTis mosaxleobis axa-
y[ovla]d wmidis samebisagan suliT da xorciT li mefis, daviT giorgis Zis, erTgulebaze
dawyevlulni~.. cxadia, ivan lazarevs imis SiS-
dawyevlulni daficeba dauwyia. kaxeTis Tavadebis nawils,
ic eqneboda, rom qarTlsa da kaxeTSi mefobis romlebic taxtis memkvidreobis Sesaxeb mefe
gauqmebas advilad ar Seeguebodnen. miuxeda- erekles anderZs icavdnen da iulon batoniS-
vad amisa, generals mainc samefo ojaxSi Se- vilis gamefeba surda, fici ar daudia da
qmnili mdgomareoba afiqrebda. aSkara iyo, TbilisSi vaxtang da mirian batoniSvilebTan
58
vaxtang guruli
Camosula. 1801 wlis 3 ianvars daviT batoniS- usargeblia imiT, rom duSeTidan darial-
vilma werili gaugzavna lazarevs: ìulonma amde mimavali gza vaxtang atoniSvilis sau-
da farnavazma mTeli qarTli moiares, isini fliswuloze gadioda, ris gamoc gzis ga-
mosaxleobas ajanyebisaken mouwodeben da daketva SeiZleboda advilad daebralebina
auwyeben, TiTqos Tqven gamogecxadebinoT, batoniSvil vaxtangisaTvis. gavrcelebuli
mefoba aRar iqnebao. amasTan erTad, xalxs xmebis Semowmebis mizniT knoringma Tavisi
arwmuneben, rom dakargaven Tavisuflebas warmomadgeneli gagzavna duSeTSi vaxtang ba-
da daiRupebian, xolo Tavadebi da aznaure- toniSvilTan. generalma batoniSvils sTxova
bi Cerqezebis mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndebian, giorgi avaliSvili da elizbar falavandiS-
darCebian yovelgvari pativis gareSe. am- vili TbilisSi gaeSva, radgan isini ruseTis
rigad, mRelvarebis mizezi Tqven gamoxvalT, imperatoris davalebas asrulebdnen. vaxtang
TiTqos Tqven aqezebdeT xalxs.~ lazarevs da- batoniSvilma knorings araferi upasuxa, ka-
viT batoniSvilma acnoba: gardacvlili mefis vkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma qarTvel dip-
Zmebi, mefe ereklesa da darejan dedoflis lomatebs gaZlierebuli gamcilebeli razmi
vaJebi, batoniSvil iulonis gamefebis mizniT (100 kazaki) gamouyo da mozdokidan duSeTi-
kaxeTSi amboxebas apirebeno. amasTan erTad, saken gamoistumra. amave dros, man lazarevs
daviT batoniSvili werda, rom ruseTis imper- ubrZana, rom Tbilisidan duSeTSi qarTveli
atoris erTi sityvac ki sakmarisi iyo qveynis elCebis Sesaxvedrad gaegzavna egerTa erTi
dasawynareblad (cxadia, daviT batoniSvili aseuli da 50 kazaki imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
gulisxmobda pavel I-is brZanebas misi mefed rom gamcilebelTa razmi diplomatebs Sei-
damtkicebis Sesaxeb) da generals urCevda, am- Zleboda duSeTSi ki ara, sadme ufro Crdil-
boxebamde ar mieyvana saqme. werilis bolos oeTiT Sexvedroda.
daviT batoniSvili lazarevs afrTxilebda, vaxtang batoniSvilma daapatimra da sapy-
rom kaxeTSi amboxebis dawyebiT aucileblad robileSi Casva giorgi avaliSvilis msaxuri.
isargeblebda omar xani da lekebi soflebs mas TbilisSi ivan lazarevTan knorringis is
gadawvavdnen. movlenebis amgvarad ganviTa- brZaneba mihqonda, romelic elCebis Sesaxve-
rebis SemTxvevaSi, daviT batoniSvilis az- drad gamcilebeli razmis duSeTSi gagzav-
riT, mTeli pasuxismgebloba lazarevs dae- nas exeboda. duSeTTan miaxloebisas giorgi
kisreboda. avaliSvils mis mimarT keTilad ganwyobilma
peterburgidan TbilisSi gamomgzavre- pirovnebam acnoba, rom duSeTSi ar SeCerebu-
buli qarTl-kaxeTis samefos elCebi giorgi liyo. qalaqSi Sesvlis Semdeg giorgi aval-
avaliSvili da elizbar falavandiSvili ka- iSvili vaxtang batoniSvilma ramdenjerme
vkasiis xazze, mozdokSi
mozdokSi,, mefe giorgi XII-is miiwvia Tavis rezidenciaSi, Tumca batoniS-
gardacvalebamde ramdenime dRiT adre, 1800 vilis Suamavlebma diplomats aSkarad mian-
wlis 23 dekembers, Camovidnen. 24 dekembers iSnes, rom saswrafod daetovebina duSeTi.
kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma karl knor- 2. brZola taxtisaTvis. kavkasiis xazis
ingma isini Tbilisisaken gamoistumra. dip- mTavarsardalma general-leitenantma karl
lomatebma larss moaRwies, sadac samwuxa- knoringma giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis amba-
ro ambavi Seityves. batoniSvilma vaxtangma, vi dauyovnebliv acnoba peterburgs. peter-
romelic duSeTSi cxovrobda, mefe giorgis burgSi moxsenebis gagzavnidan meore dRes
gardacvalebis Semdeg brZana, arc ruseTi- knoringma miiRo ruseTis imperator pavel
dan saqarTveloSi da arc piriqiT aravin I-is 1801 wlis 18 dekembris manifesti qarTl-
gaetarebinaT. amis gamo giorgi avaliSvili kaxeTis samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTTan
da elizbar falavandiSvili mozdokSi da- SeerTebis Sesaxeb. manifestis teqstis gac-
brundnen. vaxtang batoniSvilis brZanebiT nobis Semdeg knorringi mZime mdgomareobaSi
SeSfoTebulma knoringma es ambavi 1801 wlis Cavarda. manifestTan erTad miRebuli br-
3 ianvars ruseTis imperators acnoba. 1801 Zanebidan irkveoda, rom manifesti unda gamo-
wlis 13 ianvars knorringi ukve axal cnobas eqveynebinaT mas Semdeg, rac qarTl-kaxeTis
awvdida imperators: gavrcelebuli xmebis mefe giorgi XII xels moawerda sigels ruse-
mixedviT,ruseTidan saqarTveloSi momavali Tis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Taoba-
gzis gadaketva ubrZanebia ara batoniSvil ze da am sigelTan erTad giorgi avaliSvili
vaxtangs, aramed batoniSvil daviTs. daviTs da elizbar falavandiSvili peterburgSi gae-
59
mgzavrebodnen. movlenebi ise ar ganviTarda, iulonis gamefebisaTvis. solomon II-is wer-

rogorc peterburgSi varaudobdnen: giorgi ili knorings gadaeca, romelmac igi peter-
XII 1800 wlis 28 dekembers, giorgi avaliSvil- burgSi gaagzavna. daviT batoniSvilis Zmam
isa da elizbar falavandiSvilis TbilisSi bagrat giorgis Zem goris mosaxleobis daviT
Camosvlamde, gardaicvala da amdenad, mefem batoniSvilis erTgulebaze daficeba daiwyo,
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis ris sapasuxodac erekle II-isa da darejan
Sesaxeb sigels xeli ver moawera.
moawera. amitom iyo, dedoflis Svilebma iulon, vaxtang da mirian
rom knoringma manifestis gamoqveyneba ver batoniSvilebma gorSi SesaWrelad laSqris
gabeda, rac gaxda imisi mizezi, rom qarTl- Sekreba daiwyes.
kaxeTis samefo saxli, kaTolikos-patriarqi, 3. cvlilebebi ruseTis saimperatoro
meufeebi, Tavadebi, aznaurebi da saerTod, karis politikaSi
politikaSi.. taxtis pretendentTa So-
samefos mosaxleoba kvlav gaugebrobaSi dar- ris aseTi daZabuli brZolebis viTarebaSi
Ca. gaugebrobaSi darCa ori dapirispirebuli ruseTis saimperatoro karze qarTl-kaxeTis
dajgufebac _ batoniSvil daviTisa da dare- samefos elCebi giorgi avaliSvili da eliz-
jan dedoflisa. brZola taxtis pretendent- bar falavandiSvili 1801 wlis 8 ianvars
Ta Soris axali ZaliT gagrZelda. TbilisSi Camovidnen. qarTveli diplomatebi-
1800 wlis 30 dekembers batoniSvil- dan samefo saxli, kaToliko-patriarqi, Ta-
ma daviTma ivan lazarevs gadasca werili, vadebi da saerTod Tbilisis mosaxleoba bevr
romelsac xels awerdnen 22 kaxeli Tavadi kiTxvaze eloda pasuxs. ar iyo gamoricxuli
da nekreseli mitropoliti. xelmomwerlebi qalaqSi mRelvarebis dawyeba. ivan lazarevma
daviTis gamefebas moiTxovdnen da TavianT jari sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi moiyvana. gen-
moTxovnas imiT asabuTebdnen, rom daviT ba- eralma moednebsa da quCebSi xalxis Sekreba
toniSvili jer kidev giorgi XII-is sicocx- akrZala. gavrcelebuli cru xmebis uaryo-
leSi, 1799 wels, imperator pavel I-is mier fis mizniT sagangebod daniSnuli moxeleebi
taxtis memkvidred iyo damtkicebuli. weril- qalaqSi oficialur gancxadebebs kiTxu-
is avtorebi uaryofdnen gavrcelebul xmebs lobdnen. rusebisaTvis arasasurvel adami-
imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos maT qarTl-kaxeTis anebs, wodebis miuxedavad, lazarevis gankar-
samefos iranis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla sur- gulebiT apatimrebdnen. karl knorings miRe-
daT da daxmarebisaTvis omar xans iwvevdnen. buli informaciis safuZvelze gaukeTebia
kaxeTis Tavadebis mimxrobis Semdeg daviTma daskvna, rom mosaxleobis amboxebas yvelaze
TavisTan ixmo sxva Tavadebic da ramdenime metad vaxtang batoniSvili cdilobda. 1801
maTgani sxvadasxva Tanamdebobaze daniSna. wlis 18 ianvars knorringi lazarevs vaxtang
daviT batoniSvilma Zmas, Teimuraz batoniS- batoniSvilis dapatimrebas ubrZanebda. knor-
vils, daavala daewyo qarTlSi mosaxleobis ringi SiSobda, rom samefoSi amboxebis daw-
daficeba. qarTlis Tavadebi da samRvdeloe- yebis SemTxvevaSi situaciiT isargeblebdnen
ba batoniSvil iulons uWerdnen mxars, mx- irani da kavkasiis mTielebi. amitom iyo, rom
olod nawili emxroboda daviTis gamefebas. generali kavkasiis xazidan jaris gamogzav-
Tormetma qarTlelma Tavadma xeli moawera nas Cqarobda. jaris gamogzavnas win araferi
mowodebas, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom maT edga, magram saqme Wianurdeboda imis gamo,
daviT batoniSvils Sehfices da mosaxleo- rom knorringi saqarTveloSi gamosagzavni
basac ficis dadebisken mouwodebdnen. 1801 jaris raodenobas arasakmarisad miiCnevda.
wlis 5 ianvars knorringi imperator pavel bolos kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma saqa-
I-s moaxsenebda, rom vaxtang batoniSvilma mas rTveloSi jaris is raodenoba gamoagzavna,
SeuTvala: batoniSvilebi (iuloni, vaxtangi, rac pavel I-is brZanebiT iyo gansazRvruli.
miriani, farnavazi _ v. g.) ar dauSvebdnen kavkasiis xazze darCa ruseTis jaris mxolod
daviT giorgis Zis taxtze asvlas da davi- muSketerTa 4 batalioni, grenaderTa 2 aseu-
Tis gamefebas qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruse- li, egerTa 2 aseuli da dragunTa 10 eskadro-
Tis mflobelobaSi gadasvlas arCevdneno. ni. kavkasiis xazze darCenil jars knorringi
vaxtang da mirian batoniSvilebma imereTis veRar Seamcirebda, radgan am arc Tu ise mra-
mefe solomon II-s werili miawerines impera- valricxovan jars evaleboda kavkasiis xazis
tor pavel I-Tvis. imereTis mefe ruseTis im- 700-versiani monakveTis dacva _ yizlaridan
perators sTxovda mxari daeWira batoniSvil ust-labinskis simagremde. knorings isic ver
60
vaxtang guruli
gadaewyvita, TviTon kavkasiis xazze dar- 1. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mtrebTan br-
Ceniliyo, Tu jarTan erTad Tbilisisaken ZolaSi dasustebul qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
daZruliyo. Tavdapirvelad kavkasiis xazis aRar SeeZlo Tavis dacva (dedanSi: `verRa
mTavarsardali fiqrobda, piradad saqarT- eZloT TaviT TvisiT dacva TavTa TvisTa“);
veloSi ar Camosuliyo da ruseTis imperator 2. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlSi Cam-
pavel I-is 1801 wlis 18 dekembris manifesti ovarda uTanxmoeba, samefo saxlis wevrebs So-
TbilisSi lazarevs gamoeqveynebina. bolos ris mimdinareobda brZola, romelic daRup-
knoringma gadawyvita TbilisSi ar Camosu- viT emuqreboda samefos (dedanSi: `da amisTa-
liyo da manifestic jerjerobiT saidumlod nave SeerTebul iqmna uTanxmoeba saxlsa Sina
Seenaxa. samefosa, romelica amizezebda srulebiT
giorgi XII-is gardacvalebam qarTl-kax- damxobasa missa“);
eTis samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTTan 3. giorgi XII-m qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
SeerTebis gegmaSi garkveuli cvlileba Sei- ruseTis mflobelobaSi Sesvla moiTxova (de-
tana. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, peterburgSi danSi: `miReba samflobelosi saqarTvelosa
SemuSavebuli gegma aseTi iyo: 1. peterbur- samefoisa, mflobelobasa damonebasa qveSe
gidan TbilisSi dabrunebuli qarTl-kaxeTis yovlisa ruseTisa saimperatorosa taxtsa“);
samefos elCebi giorgi XII-s gaacnobdnen ru- 4. giorgi XII-is Txovnis safuZvelze qa-
seTis saimperatoro karis pirobebs samefos rTl-kaxeTis samefoSi misi mterTagan dac-
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis vis mizniT gaigzavna ruseTis jari (dedanSi:
Sesaxeb; 2. giorgi XII ruseTis imperator `vbrZaneT gardasvla mxedrobisa Cuenisa qu-
pavel I-s giorgi avaliSvilisa da elizbar eyanasa Sina saqarTveloisasa“);
falavandiSvilis xeliT gaugzavnida Txov- 5. amieridan qarTl-kaxeTis samefo samu-
nas (sigels) qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis damod ruseTis imperatoris mpyrobelobaSi
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Sesaxeb; 3. (mflobelobaSi) iqneboda (dedanSi: `da amiT
giorgi XII mosaxleobas gamoucxadebda, rom vacxadebT Cvenis imperatorebiTis sityviT,
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTis imperiis qve- romel SeerTebuli samefo qarTlisa sauku-
SevrdomobaSi Sevida. cxadia, ruseTisaTvis nosa Jamamde mpyrobelobasa qveSe Cvensa“);
xelsayreli iyo, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ru- 6. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mosaxleobas
seTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi giorgi XII-is fici unda daedo ruseTis imperatoris erT-
sicocxleSive Sesuliyo da qveSevrdomobaSi gulebaze da Seuryevlad daecva igi (dedanSi:
Sesvlis Txovnaze (sigelze) xeli kanonier `...axalni ese ymani Cvenni da STamomavloba
monarqs moewera. giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis maTi daificavs Seuryevlad erTgulebasa
Semdeg peterburgidan karl knorings ubr- Cvensa da memkvidreTa CvenTasa da hyofs gu-
Zanes, rom manifesti qarTl-kaxeTis samefos lismodginebiT sargeblobasa saimperatorosa
ruseTTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb jerjerobiT ar Cvenisasa...“).
gamoeqveynebina. 5. ruseTis saimperatoro karis politika
4.. 1801 wlis 18 dekembris manifestis gamo- 1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifestis gamoqvey-
qveyneba.. 1801 wlis 18 dekembris manifestis
qveyneba nebis Semdeg.
Semdeg. marTalia, pavel I-is manifesti
gamoqveynebis gadadeba viTarebas ar cvlida. 1801 wlis 18 ianvars, e.i. Tbilisidan peter-
ruseTis saimperatoro kars dawyebuli saqme burgSi giorgi avaliSvilisa da elizbar fa-
bolomde unda mieyvana. 1801 wlis 18 ianvars lavandiSvilis Casvlamde gamoqveynda, magram
peterburgSi gamoqveynda ruseTis imperator peterburgSi mainc elodnen qarTl-kaxeTis
pavel I-is mier 1800 wlis 18 dekembers xel- samefos elCebis Casvlas. gauqmebuli qarTl-
mowerili manifesti qarTl-kaxeTis samefos kaxeTis samefos mmarTvelobis mowyobis Ses-
gauqmebisa da misi ruseTTan SeerTebis Ses- axeb rusuli mxare (fiodor rostopCini da
axeb. 1800 welsve manifestis rusul teqstTan sergei laSqarevi) azrs uziarebda peter-
erTad damzadda misi qarTuli Targmanic. burgSi myof garsevan WavWavaZes.
manifestis saTaurSic da teqstSic qarTl- 1801 wlis 19 ianvars fiodor rostop-
kaxeTis samefos nacvlad iseve, rogorc im- Cinma karl knorings daavala saswrafod gae-
droindel oficialur rusul dokumentebSi, gzavna peterburgSi qarTl-kaxeTis deputa-
saqarTvelos samefo an saqarTveloa naxmari. cia. deputaciis Casvlis daCqarebis mizezi
manifestis Sinaarsi aseTia: iyo is, rom pavel I Tavdapirvelad Tavs ika-
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vebda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos dauyovnebliv nen, rom taxtis maZiebeli ori dajgufebidan
SeerTebisagan, magram saxelmwifo sabWos romelimes iranis daxmarebiT ar ecada miz-
gadawyvetilebis Semdeg procesis daCqareba nis miRweva
miRweva.. roca TbilisSi ivan lazarevma
moiTxova da lamis ocnebad eqca qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebi ver Seariga, pavel I-ma
samefos gauqmeba da misi ruseTTan SeerTeba.
SeerTeba. batoniSvilebi da orive dedofali peter-
1801 wlis 20 ianvars pavel I-ma xeli moawera burgSi miiwvia. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, pe-
brZanebas karl knorringisadmi. imperatori terburgSi miwveva miiRo iranSi myofma ale-
werda: `me msurs, rom saqarTvelo iyos guber- qsandre batoniSvilmac. ruseTis imperatori
nia. axlave dauqvemdebareT igi senats, xolo marto batoniSvilebSi ar eZebda dasayrdens.
sasuliero nawilSi _ sinods, ar SeexoT mis 1801 wlis 19 Tebervlis reskriptiT pavle
privilegiebs. dae, gubernatori iyos samefo I knorings avalebda Seedgina im pirTa sia,
sisxlis, magram Tqvens daqvemdebarebaSi myo- romlebic yvelaze ufro loialurad iyvnen
fi, gubernatori iyos mand myofi husarTa ganwyobilni ruseTisadmi. imperators ganz-
polkis Sefic“. erTi dRiT adre, 1801 wlis raxuli hqonda rusuli orientaciis mxardam-
19 ianvaris reskriptiT, pavel I knorings WerTa nawilisaTvis grafisa da Tavadis wo-
avalebda: qarTvelebis imperatoris qveSevr- deba mieniWebina, xolo nawilisaTvis wmida an-
domobaSi Semosvlisa da ficis dadebis Sem- dria pirvelwodebulis ordeni an kamergeris
deg SeudeqiT qarTvelebisagan husarTa erTi wodeba eboZebina. knoringma imperators upa-
polkis Camoyalibebas, romlis Sefad dasamt- suxa, rom aseTi siis Sedgena Zalze Zneli
kiceblad warmogvidgineT erT-erTi Rirseu- iqneboda misTvis.
li batoniSvili, romelsac general-maioris pavel I-is politikam garkveuli Sedegi
wodebiT miviRebT samsaxurSi, xolo polks gamoiRo. es cxadad dadasturda TbilisSi
misi saxeli mieniWebao. 1801 wlis 20 ianvris giorgi avaliSvilisa da elizbar falavandiS-
reskriptiT knoringma imperatorisagan sxva vilis dabrunebis Semdeg. diplomatebi dab-
davalebac miiRo. kavkasiis xazis mTavarsar- rundnen Tu ara, lazarevma samefo saxlis,
dals molaparakeba unda daewyo aleqsandre samRvdeloebisa da gavleniani Tavadebis
batoniSvilTan Semdegi pirobiT: imperatori Sekreba daniSna. giorgi avaliSvilma, elizbar
aleqsandre batoniSvils warsul qmedebebs falavandiSvilma da ivan lazarevma weriliT
apatiebda, Tu igi Tavs daanebebda ruseTis mimarTes iulon, vaxtang, mirian da farnavaz
winaaRmdeg brZolas da sxva batoniSvilebTan batoniSvilebs da isini Sekrebaze miiwvies.
erTad peterburgSi gaemgzavreboda. impera- iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebma mimarTvas
tori ar malavda, rom aleqsandre batoniS- ar upasuxes, SekrebaSi monawileoba ar miiRes
vilis Serigeba mas politikuri miznisaTvis da amave dros yovelnairad uSlidnen xels
sWirdeboda: pavel I-s ar surda, rom Seqmnili- Sekrebaze miwveuli Tavadebis TbilisSi gamg-
yo iseTi STabeWdileba, TiTqos qarTl-kaxeTis zavrebas. vaxtang da mirian batoniSvileb-
samefos ruseTTan SeerTeba surda samefo sax- ma lazarevs acnobes, rom Tbilisidan Sors
lis ramdenime wevrs da ara mTlianad samefo imyofebodnen, ris gamoc Sekrebas ver daes-
saxls. amave mizans emsaxureboda pavel I-is 18 wrebodnen. imavdroulad vaxtang da mirian
ianvris reskripti daviT batoniSvilisadmi, batoniSvilebma rCevisaTvis iulon batoniS-
romelSic gamoTqmuli iyo imperatoris survils mimarTes. 1801 wlis 28 ianvars laza-
vili ezruna piradad daviT batoniSvilze, revma sagangaSo cnoba miiRo. batoniSvilebma
saerTod, qarTl-kaxeTze. 1801 wlis 19 ian- iulonma, vaxtangma, farnavazma da mirianma
vars daviT batoniSvils weriliT mimarTa TavianTi momxreebi (700 kaci) Sekribes da
fiodor rostopCinma, romelmac mas samefo muxranSi gamarTes TaTbiri. TaTbirze gadawy-
saxlSi mSvidobis SenarCunebisken mouwoda da da daewyoT qarTlisa da kaxeTis mosaxleobis
amasTan erTad, peterburgSi qarTl-kaxeTis iulon erekles Zis erTgulebaze daficeba.
deputaciis gagzavnis daCqareba sTxova. Sekrebilebma gadawyvites mosaxleobisaTvis
ruseTis imperatori pavel I cdilobda daemalaT ruseTis imperatoris reskripti,
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ise SeeerTebina, rom romelic axali mefis taxtze asvlas krZala-
saqme omamde ar misuliyo. samefo ojaxSi vda da romlis Sinaarsi maT lazarevma gaan-
mSvidobis Camogdebac amave mizniT surda do. lazarevma muxranSi ruseTis imperatoris
imperators. peterburgSi SiSs gamoTqvamd- zemoT xsenebuli reskriptis teqstiT Stabs-
62
vaxtang guruli
kapitani piotr kotliarevski gagzavna. pavel 1801 wlis 7 Tebervals gavidnen. isini peter-
I-is reskriptis Sinaarsis gacnobis Semdeg burgSi moskovis gavliT miemgzavrebodnen.
muxranSi Sekrebili Tavadebi orad gaiyvnen. moskovidan peterburgisaken avadmyofobis
Tavadebis nawils Sekrebis datoveba surda, gamo gza veRar gaagrZeles iagor avaliSvilma
magram amas batoniSvilebis SiSiT ver bedavd- da elizbar falavandiSvilma, maTTan darC-
nen. piotr kotliarevskim scada gamolapara- nen ori msaxuri da nikolai petrovi. elCebs
keboda Tavadebs, magram batoniSvilebma amis Tan mihqondaT qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadebis, azn-
saSualeba ar misces. muxranidan Zmebma weri- aurebis, samRvdeloebis, batoniSvil daviT
li gaugzavnes TbilisSi myof darejan dedo- giorgis Zis, Tbilisis moqalaqeebis, Tbilis-
fals. male Tbilisidan muxranSi samwuxaro Si mcxovrebi sparselebis werilebi ruseTis
ambavi Seityves. dedofali batoniSvilebs imperator pavel I-sadmi. werilebi 1801 wlis
swerda, rom kaxeTSi ruseTis jari gaigzavna. 18 ianvars daiwera TbilisSi. danamdvilebiT
amrigad, batoniSvilebis kaxeTSi gamgzavreba ar dgindeba, isini TbilisSive iTargmna Tu
da iulon erekles Zis erTgulebaze mosaxle- peterburgSi. ufro savaraudoa, rom peter-
obis daficeba SeuZlebeli gaxda. burgSi. Targmani Sesrulebulia meSvide kla-
TbilisSi ivan lazarevis iniciativiT sis mrCevlis mirza abuTurab nasirovis mier.
gamarTul Sekrebaze gadawyda: giorgi avaliS- qarTveli Tavadebi, aznaurebi, samRvdeloeba
vili da elizbar falavandiSvili peterburgSi da Tbilisis moqalaqeebi madlobas uxdid-
gamgzavrebuliyvnen da ruseTis imperatori- nen ruseTis imperators ``qveSevrdomobasa
qveSevrdomobasa
saTvis emcnoT, rom qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadebi, da umaRles mfarvelobaSi“(rusul
mfarvelobaSi“(rusul TargmanSi:
samRvdeloeba da mosaxleoba erTsulovnad uW- в подданство и высочайшее покровительство“)
`в покровительство“)
erda mxars ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebisaTvis. werilebis dedani xelmoweriTa
Sesvlas. samRvdeloeba, Tavadebi da Tbilisis da beWdebiT iyo damowmebuli. Tbiliseli
mosaxleoba lazarevis rezidenciaSi Seikriba sparselebis werilis rusul TargmanSi aRniS-
da xeli moawera pavel I-dmi mimarTul samad- nulia, rom sparselebs surT iyvnen ruseTis
lobel werils. 1801 wlis 16 ianvars samadlo- imperatoris maRali mfarvelobis qveS (rusul
beli werilis SedgeniT ivan lazarevi kmayo- TargmanSi: ``... под высоким покровительством
...под
fili iyo, momxdari mas Tavis damsaxurebad русскаго Императора~).
Императора ).
miaCnda. generali karl knorings moaxsenebda: daviT batoniSvilis werilic 1801 wlis
werilze xelmomwerTa saxeebze „madliereba 18 ianvars daiwera TbilisSi. werilis dedani
da sixaruli“ iyo aRbeWdilio. kavkasiis xazis SemorCenili ar aris. rusulad isic mirza
mTavarsardals SeiZleba arc sjeroda, rom abuTurab nasirovma Targmna. daviT batoniS-
samefos gauqmebas TbilisSi sixaruliTa da vili pavel I-s madlobas uxdida imisaTvis,
madlierebiT Sexvdnen, magram lazarevis mox- rom man aRasrula giorgi XII-is saTxovari.
senebis es nawili masac xels aZlevda. werilSi aRniSnulia, rom taxtis memkvidre
6.. qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadebis, aznaurebis, daviT batoniSvili peterburgSi impera-
samRvdeloebis, batoniSvil daviT giorgis Zis, tor pavel I-Tan agzavnida elCebs. batoniS-
Tbilisis moqalaqeebis, TbilisSi mcxovrebi vili adasturebda, rom garsevan WavWavaZe,
sparselebis werilebi ruseTis imperator pav- giorgi avaliSvili da elizbar falavandiS-
el I-sadmi. 1801 wlis 18 ianvars giorgi avaliS- vili sruluflebiani elCebi iyvnen da moq-
vili da elizbar falavandiSvili Tbilisidan medebdnen misi saxeliT. batoniSvili pavel
mozdokis gavliT peterburgSi gaemgzavrnen. I-s sTxovda, daemtkicebina qarTl-kaxeTis
maTTan erTad imperiis dedaqalaqSi gaemgza- Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobasa da
vra qarTl-kaxeTis deputacia, Tavadebi: ivane подданство и
mfarvelobaSi (rusul TargmanSi: „„подданство
avaliSvili,, grigol erisTavi,
avaliSvili erisTavi, iagor TumaniS- покровительство~).
покровительство ~). daviT batoniSvili pirobas
vili,, oTar qobuliSvili,
vili qobuliSvili, dimitri vaxvaxiSvi- debda, rom usityvod Seasrulebda (rusul
li,, abesalom bebuTaSvili,
li bebuTaSvili, ivane maRalaSvili, ... без прекословно исполнять
TargmanSi: „„... исполнять~)
~) ru-
luarsab sumbaTaSvili,
sumbaTaSvili, aznauri pavle winamZ- seTis imperatoris nebas da daadasturebda
RvriSvili da rva msaxuri, sul 17 kaci. depu- garsevan WavWavaZis, giorgi avaliSvilisa da
tacias acilebda feldeigeri nikolai petro- elizbar falavandiSvilis an erT-erTi maT-
vi.. didTovlobis gamo elCebi da deputacia
vi ganis xelmoweril dokuments.
gzaSi Seferxdnen da mozdokidan mxolod peterburgSi qarTl-kaxeTis elCebisa da
63
deputaciis Casvlamde SeudgeniaT ruseTis mefe giorgi XII-m da misma xalxma xsna ruseTis
imperator pavel I-Tan qarTvelebis audien- imperatoris mfarvelobaSi SesvlaSi dainax-
ciis proeqti. igi aseTi Sinaarsisa iyo: es (rusul dedanSi: „... прибегнуть под покров
„...прибегнуть
1. peterburgSi imperatoris sasaxlis win Е.. И.. В.. Государя Императора Всероссийскаго и
moedanze ganlagdeboda gvardiuli polkis идти в вечное и потомственное подданство Империи
erTi batalioni, danarCeni gvardiuli polke- Российской~);
Российской ~); 3. ruseTis imperiis Semadgenlo-
bi ganlagebuli iqnebodnen qalaqis quCebSi; baSi qarTl-kaxeTi keTildReobisa da aRmav-
2. sasaxleSi ceremonialze dasaswrebad lobis gzas daadgeboda.
sagangebo mosawvevi daigzavneboda; 7.. brZola taxtisaTvis 1800 wlis 18 de-
3. audiencia Sedgeboda im darbazSi, sa- kembris manifestis gamoqveynebis SemdegSemdeg.. da-
dac imperatoris taxti idga; viT batoniSvilma, rogorc ki oficialurad
4. imperatori darbazSi SebrZandeboda Seityo imperator pavel I-is 1800 wlis 18 de-
da taxtze dabrZandeboda; kembris manifestis Sesaxeb, maSinve Seadgina
5. didi mTavrebi taxtis garSemo dadge- mimarTva qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobisadmi.
bodnen; daviT giorgis Ze werda, rom man memkvidre-
6. erT-erTi feldmarSali, romelic obiT miiRo xelisufleba da Seudga qveynis
imperatoris marjvniv iqneboda, Caibarebda marTvas.. mimarTvaSi aRniSnuli iyo: damna-
imperatoris xmals; grafi fiodor rostop- Saveni Sewynarebuli iqnebodnen, xolo axali
Cini imperatoris marcxniv dadgeboda, igi danaSaulebani ganisjeboda rusuli kanonebis
waikiTxavda ruseTis imperiasTan qarTl-kaxe- mixedviT.
Tis samefos SeerTebis Sesaxeb pavel I-is mani- mosaxleobisadmi mimarTvis Semdeg da-
fests; viT batoniSvilma 1801 wlis 18 ianvars wer-
7. manifestis wakiTxvis Semdeg ruse- ili gaugzavna kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal
Tis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis wevri general-leitenant karl knorings. daviT ba-
waikiTxavda im ficis teqsts, romelic qa- toniSvili generals sTxovda, rom daeCqare-
rTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebs da mo- bina elCebis gamgzavreba peterburgSi, raTa
saxleobas unda daedoT (imJamad fics qarTl- mas ruseTis imperatorisagan oficialurad
kaxeTis saxeliT dadebdnen elCebi da depu- mieRo taxtze asvlis dasturi.
tacia). ficis teqstis wakiTxvisas imperato- yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan cxadi xdeba,
ri xmals gadascemda feldmarSals. qarTveli rom daviT batoniSvilma ver aRiqva (an ar un-
elCebi da deputacia fics fexze mdgomareni doda, rom aReqva) ruseTis imperator pavel
dadebdnen, xolo sxvebi _ muxlmoyrilebi. I-is 1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifesti, romlis
8. ficis teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg isini, ZaliTac qarTl-kaxeTis samefo gauqmda. ivan
visac fici unda daedoT, mividodnen magidas- lazarevma saWirod ar miiCnia daviT batoniS-
Tan, emTxveodnen jer magidaze dabrZanebul vilisaTvis ganmartebebis micema, radgan
saxarebas, xolo Semdeg _ imperatoris xmals, pavel I, grafi fiodor rostopCini da karl
romelic feldmarSals unda sWeroda xelSi; knorringi daviT giorgis Zes ise epyrobod-
9. imperatoris saxeliT, samadlobel si- nen, rogorc qveynis pirvel pirs. arada, aSka-
tyvas warmoTqvamda grafi fiodor rostop- ra iyo: daviT batoniSvilis moqmedeba ewinaaR-
Cini; mdegeboda 1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifests.
10. qarTveli elCebisa da deputaci- generalma lazarevma Semdeg inana, rom ufro
isaTvis sasaxleSi sagangebo sufra iqneboda aqtiuri pozicia ar daikava. 1801 wlis 18
gaSlili; ianvars qarTveli elCebis peterburgSi gamg-
11. sasaxlis ezo ganaTebuli iqneboda, zavrebam Zalze gaaRiziana iulon, vaxtang,
gaimarTeboda maskaradi. farnavaz da mirian batoniSvilebi _ isini
imperatori qarTvel elCebsa da deputa- politikuri procesidan gariyuli aRmoCnd-
cias mixeilis sasaxleSi miiRebda da warmoTq- nen. iulon batoniSvilma Tavis saufliswu-
vamda sityvas. audienciis proeqtSi Setanili loSi laSqari Sekriba da Tavis erTgulebaze
sityva aseTi Sinaarsisaa: 1. qarTl-kaxeTis qarTlis mosaxleobis daficeba daiwyo. im
samefo msxverpli gaxda mtrebis Tavdasx- soflebs, romelTa mosaxleoba batoniSvil
mebisa da SinaaSlilobisa; 2. qarTl-kaxeTis iulons ar Sehficavda, sastikad arbevdnen.
samefo mieqaneboda gardauvali daRupvisaken. iulon batoniSvils aqtiurad uWerdnen mx-
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vaxtang guruli
ars Zmebi. farnavaz batoniSvilma ramdenime darbevas Tavi daanebon, winaaRmdeg SemTx-
Tavadi aiZula iulonis erTgulebaze dae- vevaSi ruseTis jari maT, rogorc mters, ise
fica. vaxtang da mirian batoniSvilebma du- moepyrobao. batoniSvilebma lazarevis Txov-
SeTSi gza gadaketes da saqarTvelodan ru- na arc amjerad gaiTvaliswines da arc saqme-
seTSi aravis atarebdnen, Cxrekdnen yvelas, Si ruseTis jaris Carevas SeuSindnen. ufro
arTmevdnen werilebs, xolo urCebs sapyrob- metic, iulon batoniSvilma xma gaavrcela,
ileSi yridnen. vaxtang batoniSvilis erT- rom mcxeTaSi Sevidoda da sveticxovelSi
gulma osebma mTiuleTSi, aragvze, xuTi xidi mefed ekurTxeboda. lazarevi SeSinda. gen-
daangries. gavrcelebuli xmebis mixedviT, am eralma Tbilisidan qveiTi jaris ori aseuli
droisaTvis aleqsandre batoniSvili SuSidan mcxeTaSi gagzavna, xolo sami aseuli pavel
yazaxSi Cavida, raTa Zmebs SeerTeboda. dare- kariaginis meTaurobiT _ siRnaRSi
siRnaRSi.. kariagins
jan dedofalma batoniSvil bagrat giorgis ebrZana ar daeSva omar xanis SemoWra qiziySi.
Zes general ivan lazarevTan uCivla, TiTqos mogvianebiT ivan lazarevma gadawyvetileba
batoniSvilma kaxeTSi dedoflis soflebis Secvala da ori aseuli mcxeTaSi ar gaaCera,_
darbeva daiwyo. rogorc lazarevis moxsene- duSeTSi gagzavna. generalma gadawyvita du-
baSia aRniSnuli, darbevis faqtebi ar da- SeTSi myofi vaxtang batoniSvili aeZulebina
dasturda. amis Semdeg darejan dedofalma ruseTSi mimavali gza gaexsna. cota mogvi-
lazarevs sTxova taxtze iulon batoniSvili anebiT lazarevma qveiTi jaris erTi aseuli
aeyvana. batoniSvilebi iuloni da farnavazi gorSi gagzavna, raTa iq batoniSvilebis Ses-
agrZelebdnen urCi soflebis darbevas, yur- vla aecilebina Tavidan. 1801 wlis 1 Teber-
adRebas ar aqcevdnen darbeulTa arc wode- vals knorringi pavel I-s moaxsenebda, rom
bas da arc Tanamdebobas. lazarevma iulon 1801 wlis 20 ianvars lazarevma ruseTis jaris
batoniSvils laSqris daSla da soflebis oTxi aseuli general-maior vasili guliako-
darbevis Sewyveta sTxova da Tan urCia, ruse- vis meTaurobiT da qarTuli jari batoniSvil
Tis imperatoris gadawyvetilebas dalodebo- ioane giorgis Zis meTaurobiT sofel mar-
da. 1801 wlis 20 ianvars iulon batoniSvilma tyofSi gagzavna, sadac, gavrcelebuli xmebis
lazarevs acnoba, rom igi sakmaod didxans iT- mixedviT, iulon, vaxtang, farnavaz da mirian
menda da amjerad gadawyvetili hqonda daeka- batoniSvilebi unda Sekrebiliyvnen. vasili
vebina taxti, romelic erekle II-is anderZis guliakovs batoniSvilebisaTvis unda gadaeca
mixedviT, giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg Semdegi: qarTl-kaxeTs mefe ara hyavs da ba-
mas ekuTvnoda. laSqris daSlazec iulon ba- toniSvili daviT giorgis Ze mxolod marTavs
toniSvilma uari ganacxada da generals ac- qveynaso. mogvianebiT gairkva, rom martyof-
noba, rom mas laSqari ar hyavs da masTan mx- Si mxolod mirian batoniSvili imyofeboda.
olod Tavadebi da aznaurebi arian, romelbic iulon da vaxtang batoniSvilebs ruseTis
aravis gaZarcvas ar apirebeno. miuxedavad jaris moaxloebisTanave martyofi dautove-
amisa, iulon batoniSvilis laSqarma qarTlSi biaT. isini aprotestebdnen maT winaaRmdeg
daarbia Tavad amilaxvris mamuli, tyved ai- ruseTis jaris gamoyenebas. batoniSvilebma
yvana Tavadis meuRle, romelmac iulons ar 1801 wlis 26 ianvars werili gaugzavnes knor-
Sehfica. amilaxvris mamulis gaZarcvis meore ings, romelSic werdnen, rom martyofSi isini
mizezi is iyo, rom Tavadi TbilisSi iyo wasu- piradi saqmeebis gamo ikribebodnen da ara
li ruseTis imperator pavel I-is manifestis samefo taxtis xelSi Cagdebis mizniT. iulo-
mosasmenad. lazarevis 1801 wlis 20 ianvris ni da vaxtangi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamdnen
moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom iulon batoniS- lazarevis moqmedebis gamo da knorings acno-
vilis brZanebiT, aseve Seipyres Tavad Tamaz bebdnen, rom ramdenjerme mimarTes generals
TumaniSvilis meuRle, Tavad orbelianis maTi devnis Sewyvetis mizniT, magram uSede-
colisda da qarTlis Tavadebi, romelTa mam- god.
ulebi daarbies, dazaralebulebi daxmarebas martyofidan iulon da vaxtang batoniS-
lazarevs sTxovdnen. generalma aqtiuri moq- vilebi qiziySi gadavidnen, sadac ori sofeli
medebebisagan Tavi Seikava da rCevisaTvis ka- daafices iulonis erTgulebaze. farnavaz
vkasiis xazis mTavarsardal knorings mimarTa. batoniSvili qarTlSi gaemgzavra, raTa mo-
am ukanasknelma lazarevs moswera: batoniS- saxleobis daficeba gaegrZelebina. mirian
vilebs urCie laSqari daSalon da soflebis batoniSvilma martyofSi gadawyvita Ramis
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gaTeva. martyofSi Sesuli vasili guliako- gaerTianeba SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. ivan laza-
vi batoniSvils Sexvda da urCia Tavi Seeka- revisa da daviT batoniSvilis gatarebuli
vebina mosaxleobis daficebisa da soflebis RonisZiebebis Sedegad 1801 wlis gazafxulze
darbevisaagan, anu iulon batoniSvilis mx- iulon da aleqsandre batoniSvilebma ruse-
ardaWerisagan. mirian batoniSvilma gener- Tis jaris winaaRmdeg brZolis dawyeba ver
als uari ganucxada. guliakovma ganaiaraRa moaxerxes. ivan lazarevma da daviT batoniS-
da daapatimra mirian batoniSvilis mTeli vilma vasili guliakovs daavales iulonis
amala _ aznaurebi da glexebi. martyofidan momxre Tavadebisa da mosaxleobis gadabireba,
generalma lazarevs acnoba, rom igi qiziySi winaaRmdegobis SemTxvevaSi generals ufleba
iulon da vaxtang batoniSvilebTan Sesaxve- hqonda isini daepatimrebina. ivan lazarevma
drad miemgzavreboda da Tan damatebiTi jari yazaxis muslim mosaxleobas werili gaugza-
iTxova. guliakovis mier lazarevisaTvis 1800 vna da urCia mxari ar daeWiraT aleqsandre
wlis 25 ianvars wardgenil moxsenebaSi aRniS- batoniSvilisaTvis. werilma Sedegi gamoiRo:
nulia, rom iulon da vaxtang batoniSvilebi yazaxis TaTrebma aleqsandre batoniSvils
qiziyis ori soflis daficebis Semdeg sofel zurgi aqcies. 1801 wlis 26 ianvars lazarev-
maCxaanSi Sevidnen, Semdeg mdinare iori gad- ma mimarTva gaugzavna qarTlis Tavadebsa da
molaxes da qarTlSi, sofel muxranSi
muxranSi,, dab- mosaxleobas. generali werda: `Cemda samwux-
rundneno. iulon da vaxtang batoniSvilebma arod Sevityve, rom qarTlis Tavadebis nawili
maCxaani datoves Tu ara, sul cota xanSi ar asrulebs imperator pavel I-is survils.
sofelSi Sevida aleqsandre batoniSvili yaz- samRvdeloeba emorCileba mefes, romelic
axSi Sekrebil 500 muslim mebrZolTan erTad. jerjerobiT ar arsebobs, radgan xelmwife
batoniSvilis razmis wevrebma, rogorc ki imperators mefed jer aravin daumtkicebia.
gaiges, rom qiziyisaken general guliakovis winadadebas gaZlevT Tavi daaneboT Tavxe-
razmi miemarTeboda, batoniSvili miatoves da dur saqciels, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba wes-
yazaxSi dabrundnen. aleqsandre 20 SeiaraReb- rigis damyarebas da daubrundeT morCilebas.
uli mcvelis amara darCa, amitom iyo, rom man winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi aucileblad miviCnev
maCxaani saswrafod datova da daviT garejis ZaliT mogiyvanoT morCilebaSi. werilebs,
monasters Seafara Tavi, saidanac ZmebTan ga- romlebic ar ekuTvnis taxtis memkvidres, me-
davida muxranSi. muxranidan vaxtang batoniS- fis Ze daviTs da me, ar erwmunoT“.arevis mier
vili duSeTSi gaemgzavra, iulon da aleqsan- daviT batoniSvilis taxtis memkvidred mox-
dre batoniSvilebi _sofel koSkSi
koSkSi.. koSkidan seniebam imereTSi gadaxvewili batoniSvilebi
batoniSvilebi qsnis erisTavebis mamulSi ga- kidev ufro aRaSfoTa. dedofali darejani,
davidnen. `maspinZlebma~ safrTxe igrZnes da vaxtang, aleqsandre, mirian da farnavaz ba-
SeiaraRebuli razmi daaxvedres maT. Setakeba toniSvilebi kvlav cdilobdnen iulonis tax-
mcire xans gagrZelda, batoniSvilebma ukan tze ayvanas. giorgi XII-is qvrivi dedofali
daixies, jer cxinvals Seafares Tavi, xolo mariami, ioane batoniSvili da maTi momxre Ta-
Semdeg imereTSi gadavidnen. vadebi daviT batoniSvilis gamefebas uWerd-
imereTSi TavSefarebulma batoniSvileb- nen mxars. orive dajgufeba ukidures zomebs
ma 1800 wlis ianvarSi daxmareba sTxoves sol- mimarTavda, oRond ki miznisaTvis mieRwia.
omon II-sa da omar xans.
xans. aleqsandre batoniS- 1801 wlis 21 ianvars darejan dedofali
vilma daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa ganjisa da ivan lazarevs werda, rom qarTlis, kaxeTis,
Semaxiis xanebs. imereTSi gadasul batoniSvi- TuSeTis, fSavis mosaxleobam, yazaxisa da
lebs Tvalyurs adevnebda ivan lazarevi. 1801 SamSadilus TaTrebma ukve Sehfices batoniS-
wlis 2 Tebervals lazarevi knorings moax- vil iulons. dedofali generals sTxovda,
senebda, rom iulon, vaxtang da aleqsandre rom Seewyvita misi Svilebis devna. werilis
batoniSvilebma daxmarebisaTvis mimarTes bolos darejan dedofali generals sak-
iranis Sah feThi alis
alis.. batoniSvilebi varau- maod uxerxul kiTxvas usvamda: ratom unda
dobdnen, rom 1801 wlis gazafxulze qarTlsa iyvnen mefe erekles Svilebze did pativSi
da kaxeTSi jars Sekrebdnen, miimxrobdnen mo- mefe giorgis Svilebi? rusma generalma kiTx-
sazRvre iranis xanebs da lekebs. am samxedro vaze pirdapir ar upasuxa, Tumca dedofals
ZaliT maT saqarTvelodan ruseTis jari unda miswera: cnobilia, Tu ra RonisZiebebi tar-
ganedevnaT. ruseTis winaaRmdeg mokavSireTa deba qarTl-kaxeTis keTildReobisaTvis da
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vaxtang guruli
ise nu giWiravT Tavi, TiTqos ar icodeT ra batoniSvilebs veravin aiZulebso. daviT ba-
xdeba qveyanaSio. 1801 wlis 29 ianvars karl toniSvilma dedofals urCia kidev dafiqre-
knorringi ivan lazarevs swerda: darejan buliyo da saboloo pasuxisaTvis sami dRis
dedofals gadaeciT, rom Tavisi saqcieliT vada misca. darejan dedofalma daviT ba-
eWvebs aRZravs, radgan ewinaaRmdegeba qveynis toniSvils ganucxada, rom ruseTis impera-
sakeTildReod gatarebul RonisZiebebso. toris yvela sigeli da werili, romelic mis
darejan dedofali brZolis Sewyvetas taxtis memkvidreobas adasturebda, gamogo-
mainc ar apirebda. dedofali daviT batoniS- nili da yalbi iyo. amasobaSi darejan dedo-
vils yoveldRiur sarCod 30 maneTis daniSvnas fals acnobes, rom lazarevi jariT gorisaken
sTxovda. 1801 wlis 20 ianvars daviT batoniS- daiZra. gavida Tu ara jari Tbilisidan, laz-
vili ivan lazarevs, xolo 21 ianvars dare- arevma miiRo cnoba, rom iulon batoniSvilma
jan dedofals werda, rom dedofali purs, liaxvis xeobis soflebi daikava da isini Ta-
xorcs, Rvinos, kvercxs, rZes, zeTs da sxva vis siZes Tavad revaz erisTavs gadasca. revaz
produqts misi kuTvnili soflebidan iReb- erisTavi iulon batoniSvils dahpirda, zemo
da, xolo weliwadSi misi fuladi Semosavali imereTidan qarTlisaken Tavad elizbar eri-
4.000 maneTs udrida. werilis miRebis Semdeg sTavis sardlobiT daZruli laSqari mis mier
darejan dedofalma daviT batoniSvils laz- liaxvis xeobaSi Sekrebil laSqars SeuerT-
arevTan uCivla. saCivarSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom deboda, amas miemateboda qarTlis mTianeT-
misi soflebidan miRebuli produqtis ra- Si Sekrebili Zalebic, ris Semdegac daiwye-
odenoba gazviadebuli iyo, xolo wliuri fu- boda qarTlis mosaxleobis daficeba iulon
ladi Semosavali ara 4.000 maneTs, aramed 170 batoniSvilis erTgulebaze. 1801 wlis 9
maneTs udrida. 1801 wlis 24 ianvars darejan TebervlisaTvis daviT batoniSvilsac gaego,
dedofalma daviT batoniSvils miswera: ``yve-
yve- rom iulon batoniSvilma liaxvis xeoba revaz
la rom motyuvdes, RmerTs ver moatyueb“
moatyueb“. erisTavs Caabara da ZmebTan, aleqsandresTan
iuloni da sxva batoniSvilebi qarTlisa da farnavazTan, erTad imereTSi gadasasvle-
da kaxeTis Zarcvas agrZelebdnen. mosaxleo- lad emzadeboda. daviT batoniSvili biZebs
ba soflebidan TbilisSi Camosvlas ver be- sTxovda ar gadasuliyvnen imereTSi, magram
davda. 1801 wlis 2 Tebervals ivan lazarevi am ukanasknelTa Txovna ar gaiTvaliswines.
karl knorings moaxsenebda, rom goris mo- gorisaken jariT daZruli lazarevi Tbilis-
saxleoba daviT batoniSvilsa da mas gorSi Si dabrunda. qarTlSi simSvide ki Camovarda,
Casvlas sTxovda, raTa batoniSvil daviTi- magram cxadi iyo, rom es simSvide didxans ar
saTvis SeeficaT. lazarevi knorings imasac gagrZeldeboda.
moaxsenebda, rom Seqmnil viTarebaSi man ja- 8.. 1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifestis ga-
ris TanxlebiT gorSi gamgzavreba gadawyvita. mocxadeba TbilisSi. kavkasiis xazis mTa-
darejan dedofalma gaigo Tu ara lazare- varsardalma general-leitenantma karl
vis ganzraxva, sTxova Tavi Seekavebina gorSi knoringma Tavisi sagangebo warmomadgeneli
jarTan erTad gamgzavrebisagan. dedofali g.. zolotariovi TbilisSi gamoagzavna. g. zo-
generals Sehpirda, rom batoniSvilebi gors lotariovs Tan mohqonda pavel I-is 1800 wlis
datovebdnen. lazarevma dedofals Txovnis 18 dekembris manifesti, romelic ivan laza-
Sesruleba aRuTqva, oRond Semdegi pirobiT: revs TbilisSi da Semdeg qarTlsa da kaxeTSi
1. batoniSvilebs Tavi unda daenebebinaT so- unda gamoecxadebina. 1801 wlis 16 Tebervals,
flebis darbevisa da batoniSvil iulonis SabaTs, diliT, TbilisSi, sionis sakaTedro
erTgulebaze mosaxleobis daficebisaTvis; taZarSi wirva daiwyo. wirvis dasrulebis
2. daviT batoniSvilis nebarTvis gareSe maT Semdeg saqarTveloSi myofi ruseTis jaris
jari aRar unda SeekribaT; 3. iulon batoniS- meTauris general-maior ivan lazarevis br-
vils Tavi aRar unda moexseniebina taxtis mem- Zanebis Tanaxmad, taZarSi SekrebilT jer ru-
kvidred; 4. yvela batoniSvili da maTi Svilebi sul, xolo Semdeg qarTul enaze waukiTxes
TbilisSi unda dabrunebuliyvnen. lazarevis ruseTis imperator pavel I-is 1800 wlis 18
mier wamoyenebuli pirobebis pirvel punqts dekembris manifesti qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
darejan dedofalma sicrue uwoda, meore da gauqmebisa da misi ruseTTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb.
mesame punqti ar miiRo, meoTxe punqtis Ses- kaTolikos-patriarqma anton II-m samadlo-
axeb ki ganacxada, rom TbilisSi cxovrebas beli paraklisi gadaixada. Tbilisis yvela
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eklesiis samreklodan mTeli dRe rekdnen zali, kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II umaRlesi
li,
rebi. meore dRes, 1801 wlis 17 Tebervals, samRvdeloebiTurT, Tavadebi. liturRiis
kviras, 1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifesti damTavrebis Semdeg patriarqi iosebi taZri-
waikiTxes Tbiliseli somxebisaTvis. somexTa dan gamovida da SekrebilT mimarTa. patri-
patriarqi ioseb arRuTinski-dolgorukovi arqma maT ruseTis taxtisa da imperatoris
eCmiaZinidan am dRisaTvis sagangebod iyo erTgulebisaken mouwoda. patriarqis sityvis
Camosuli TbilisSi. nariyalas cixis gala- Semdeg wakiTxul iqna 1800 wlis 18 dekembris
vanTan, qvemo kalaSi, Seikriba somexi sam- manifesti rusul, somxur da qarTul enebze.
Rvdeloeba da sazeimo msvlelobiT gaemarTa imave dRes, 17 Tebervals, rusi oficeri, kapi-
qalaqis gareubanSi (dRevandeli orbelia- tani taganovi 24 kazakis TanxlebiT Tbilisis
nis moedani) mdebare vanqis taZrisaken. msv- quCebSi dadioda da rusul, qarTul, somxur
lelobis monawileebs xelT epyraT jvrebi, da TaTrul enebze kiTxulobda manifests.
saeklesio droSebi da anTebuli sanTlebi. 1801 wlis 21 Tebervals lazarevma knorings
msvlelobas win miuZRoda ormwkrivad mima- dawvrilebiT moaxsena TbilisSi 1801 wlis 16-
vali 74 mRvdeli, maT mosdevda 8 arqimandri- 17 Tebervals ganviTarebuli movlenebis Ses-
ti, xolo arqimandritebis ukan modioda sami axeb.
diakoni didi vercxlis jvriTa da anTebuli 9.. samefo saxlis wevrebis gawveva ruseT-
sanTlebiT. diakvnebis ukan or Tbilisel Si.. 1801 wlis TebervalSi, rogorc aRvniSneT,
Si
somexs mohqonda imperator pavel I-is por- TbilisSi Camovida g. zolotariovi, romel-
treti. imperatoris portretis ukan, odnav mac pavel I-is 1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifes-
moSorebiT, modioda somexi mitropoliti mi- ti Camoitana. manifestTan erTad g. zolo-
tris gareSe. mas Tavs zemoT eWira vercxlis tariovma Camoitana werilebi qarTl-kaxeTis
langari, romelzec dasvenebuli iyo wiTeli samefo saxlis wevrebisadmi. batoniSvilebs,
xaverdiT morTuli pavel I-is 1800 wlis 18 rogorc mamakacebs, ise qalebs, imperatori
dekembris manifesti. mitropolitis ukan mo- peterburgSi iwvevda. qalebs imperatori
maval erT diakvans mohqonda mitra, xolo srul materialur uzrunvelyofas hpird-
meores _ kverTxi. diakvnebis ukan modioda eboda, xolo mamakacebs _ jildoebisa da
Tbiliseli somxebis mTavarepiskoposi sergi
sergi,, soflebis boZebas. batoniSvilebs, romlebic
romelsac xel epyra jvari. vanqis taZri- samxedro samsaxurSi Sesvlas isurvebdnen,
saken mimaval procesias SeuerTda daviT ba- mieniWebodaT TavianTi mdgomareobis Se-
toniSvili Zmebisa da Tavadebis TanxlebiT, sabamisi wodeba. giorgi XII-is Svilebma: ioa-
general-maiori ivan lazarevi da general- nem,, bagratma
nem bagratma,, mixeilma da sxvebma maSinve
maiori vasili guliakovi rus oficrebTan gamoTqves peterburgSi gamgzavrebis sur-
erTad. vanqis taZris karibWesTan procesias vili. isini Tbilisidan gavidnen 1801 wlis 9
daxvda somexTa patriarqi ioseb arRuTinski- marts. 15 marts Tbilisidan peterburgSi gae-
dolgorukovi oTxi mTavarepiskoposiTa da mgzavra mirian batoniSvili. kavkasiis xazze
oTxi arqimandritiT. patriarqma jvari da misvlis Semdeg batoniSvilebi georgievskSi
kverTxi erT-erT arqimandrits gadasca, mi- Sexvdnen kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal gen-
uaxlovda imperator pavel I-s portrets, eral-leitenant karl knorings da sTxoves,
jvari gadasaxa mas, muxli moidrika da emTx- rom maTTvis xeluxleblad daetovebinaT qa-
via. amis Semdeg patriarqma langaridan aiRo rTlsa da kaxeTSi arsebuli saufliswulo
manifesti da Tavze daido igi da warmoTqva: mamulebi. 1801 wlis 12 marts knoringma laz-
`yovlad wmidao samebao, dae amaRldes da ga- arevs ubrZana Tvalyuri edevnebina batoniS-
Zlierdes didi pavles samefo, rogorc mze vilebis mamulebisaTvis. 1801 wlis 23 marts
da mTvare...“. amis Semdeg procesia Sevida van- batoniSvilebi georgievskidan gaemgzavrnen
qis taZarSi, sakurTxevlis win magidaze moaT- da 12 maiss peterburgSi Cavidnen.
avses manifesti da pavel I-is portreti. saRv- 10.. general-maior ivan lazarevis mo-
10
To liturRias, romelic patriarqma iosebma laparakeba darejan dedofalsa da batoniS-
aRasrula, rusi generlebis, oficrebis, so- vilebTan. g. zolotariovis TbilisSi Camos-
mexi samRvdeloebis da Tbilisis somexi mo- vlis droisaTvis (1801 wlis Tebervali) er-
saxleobis garda daeswrnen: daviT batoniS- ekle mefisa da darejan dedoflis Svilebi,
vili da sxva batoniSvilebi, darejan dedofa- iuloni, vaxtangi, aleqsandre da Teimurazi
Teimurazi,,
68
vaxtang guruli
TbilisSi ar imyofebodnen: vaxtang batoniS- TavisTan ixmo Tavadi maCabeli da ganucxada:

vili duSeTSi, xolo Teimuraz batoniSvili me arasdros mimiwvevia batoniSvilebi imer-
gorSi cxovrobda, xolo iulon da aleqsan- eTSi, magram roca isini CemTan, uaxloes na-
dre batoniSvilebi imereTs afarebdnen Tavs. TesavTan, movidnen, valdebuli viyavi saa-
imereTSi gadasul batoniSvilebs Tan axldaT rsebo saSualeba gameCina maTTviso. Tavad
didi amala _ 296 kaci. vaxtang batoniSvilma maCablisa da batoniSvilebis molaparakeba
1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifesti garegnu- gaWianurda. rogorc lazarevis moxsenebaSia
lad sixaruliT miiRo, Tumca, cxadia, same- aRniSnuli, batoniSvilebis saboloo pasuxi
fos gauqmebiT igi kmayofili ver iqneboda. aseTi iyo: ruseTSi gamgzavrebas imereTSi
vaxtang batoniSvilma da darejan dedofalma sikvdili gvirCevniao. iulon batoniSvilma
weriliT mimarTes imereTSi myof batoniSvi- Tavad maCabels daavala daviT batoniSvil-
lebs da TavianT mamulebSi dabrunebisaken isaTvis gadaeca: Tavs nu isuleleb, xarob
mouwodes. vaxtang batoniSvilma Segnebulad taxtis memkvidris tituliT da samefos ki kar-
ar acnoba Zmebs peterburgSi miwvevis Taoba- gavo. iuloni daviTs afrTxilebda: amjerad
ze, rasac Tavisi mizezi hqonda. batoniSvili Cven gvaiZuleben peterburgSi gavemgzavroT,
brZolisaTvis emzadeboda. 1801 wlis 8 marts magram dadgeba dro, Senc imaves gaiZulebeno.
ivan lazarevi karl knorings moaxsenebda, qarTlsa da kaxeTSi SfoTis Camogdebis
rom vaxtang batoniSvili cdilobda ruseTSi TvalsazrisiT darejan dedofals, iulon, iulon,
gamgzavreba 1801 wlis gazafxulamde gaeWi- vaxtang da aleqsandre batoniSvilebs ar
anurebina, xolo gazafxulze iranis xanebisa Camouvardeboda daviT batoniSvili. man
da daRestnis mflobelTa daxmarebiT daewyo lazarevisagan farulad mamulebi CamoarTva
brZola ruseTis jaris gandevnisaTvis. 1801 Tavadebs da isini Tavis momxreebs gadasca.
wlis martSi lazarevma iulon, farnavaz da daviT batoniSvilma Seaviwrova qvrivi dedo-
aleqsandre batoniSvilebs peterburgSi mi- fali, dedinacvali mariami
mariami,, xolo muxranel
wvevis Taobaze werilebi gaugzavna. Tavadma bagrationebs waarTva wilknis saepiskoposo.
maCabelma, romelsac rusma generalma wer- daviT batoniSvilma miiTvisa gardacvlili
ilebi gadasca, batoniSvilebi sofel WalaSi somexi mTavarepiskoposis qonebis nawilic. sx-
(gorTan) ipova. meore dRes isini quTais- visi qonebis miTvisebasTan erTad man ruseTis
Si gasamgzavreblad emzadebodnen. sofel mTavrobisaTvis arasasurveli RonisZiebebis
WalaSi batoniSvilebTan erTad imyofeboda gatarebac daiwyo. batoniSvili Tavadebs ai-
imereTis mefe solomon II. batoniSvilebi sa- Zulebda pavel I-Tvis gaegzavnaT Txovna,
gangebo banakSi cxovrobdnen, maT Tan 300 rom qarTl-kaxeTSi axali mmarTvelobis Se-
kaci axldaT. araviTari saxsari ojaxisa da moRebisTanave igi qarTl-kaxeTis mefed dae-
amalis gamosakvebad maT ar gaaCndaT, amitom mtkicebinaT. Tavadebis gadmobirebis mizniT,
iyo, rom daxmarebisaTvis mimarTes imereTis ivan lazarevTan SeTanxmebis gareSe daviT
mefe solomon II-s. es ukanaskneli iZulebuli batoniSvili maT urigebda biZebis, imereTSi
gaxda samefoSi specialuri gadasaxadi daew- gadaxvewili batoniSvilebis, kuTvnil sof-
esebina: yovel komls unda gaeRo ori fuTi lebs. daviT batoniSvili varaudobda, rom
puri da Rvino. Tavad maCablis mier gadacemu- mas SeiZleba ruseTTan urTierToba gar-
li werilis wakiTxvis Semdeg batoniSvilebma Tuleboda da am SemTxvevisaTvis sagangebod
gadawyvites werilis Sinaarsi TavianTi Tanx- emzadeboda. 1801 wlis 24 marts lazarevi
mlebi pirebisaTvis ar gaendoT. isini amalis knorings moaxsenebda: daviT batoniSvili
wevrebs eubneodnen, rac qarTlsa da kaxeTSi saCuqrebiT lekebis mosyidvas cdilobs, raTa
xdeba, yvelaferi lazarevis bralia da amis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daRestans Seafaros
Sesaxeb imperatorma araferi iciso. sofel Tavio. daviT batoniSvilis qmedebebi imde-
WalaSi Tavad maCablis misiis Sedegebis Ses- nad saxifaTo gaxda, rom saqmeSi lazarevi
axeb 1801 wlis 21 Tebervals lazarevma Caeria. generalTan saubrisas batoniSvilma
dawvrilebiTi moxseneba gaugzavna knor- yvelaferi uaryo. piriqiT, man lazarevs us-
ings. moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom imereTis ayvedura, rom ruseTis mTavroba giorgi XII-
mefem, rogorc ki lazarevis werilis Sinaar- isaTvis micemul dapirebebs ar asrulebda.
si Seityo, batoniSvilebis banaki datova da batoniSvili generals daemuqra: Tu qarTl-
quTaisSi gaemgzavra. wasvlis win solomon II-m kaxeTis mefe iuloni gaxdeba, me osmaleTSi
69
gaviqcevio. daviT batoniSvilis garemocva rigSi saqarTvelos samefos saxeliT. general-

kargad xedavda, rom rusebi mas Zalauflebas gubernatorad unda daniSnuliyo ruseTis
didxans aRar SeunarCunebdnen. medroveebi samxedro samsaxurSi myofi daviT batoniS-
cdilobdnen daviTis xasiaTiT esargeblaT da vili, romlisTvisac unda SeenarCunebinaT
rac SeiZleba meti qoneba daegrovebinaT. mefis tituli. qarTl-kaxeTis teritoriaze
11. ruseTis imperator pavel I-is 1801 iqmnboda provincia _ qarTlisa da kaxeTisa
kaxeTisa.. am
wlis 6 martis brZaneba senatisadmi.
senatisadmi. viTare- or administraciul erTeuls Soris sazRvari
ba sagangaSo iyo. pirvel rigSi, es exeboda mdinare iori unda yofiliyo. qarTlis admin-
sagareo safrTxes. ruseTis damkvidrebas istraciuli centri _ TbilisiTbilisi,, xolo kaxeTi-
qarTl-kaxeTSi ver Seeguebodnen verc ira- sa _ Telavi iqneboda. qarTli unda gayofili-
ni, verc osmaleTi da verc Crdilo kavka- yo eqvs okrugad (mazrad), romelTa centrebi
siis muslimi mflobelebi. marTalia, daviT iqneboda: TbilisSi
TbilisSi,, duSeTSi
duSeTSi,, gorSi
gorSi,, suramSi
suramSi,,
batoniSvili ivan lazarevs arwmunebda, rom loreSi da kaikulSi
kaikulSi(dRevandeli
(dRevandeli RazanCi Sir-
50.000 mebrZolis Sekrebas SeZlebda, magram aqSi). kaxeTSi ori okrugis (mazris) Seqmna iyo
generalma kargad icoda, rom es cifri arar- gaTvaliswinebuli, romelTa centrebi unda
ealuri iyo, xolo qarTuli jaris SeiaraReba yofiliyo Telavi da siRnaRi siRnaRi.. saqarTvelos
_ cudi. lazarevi fiqrobda, rom qveyanaSi gubernia (saqarTvelos samefo) unda ganego
wesrigis damyareba mniSvnelovnad ver gaaum- general-gubernators (mefes), xolo qarTli
jobesebda mis samxedro potencials, sagareo da kaxeTi _ vice-gubernatorebs. qarTlis
safrTxec kvlav darCeboda. amitom iyo, rom vice-gubernatoris rezidencia TbilisSi
generali dabejiTebiT moiTxovda qarTl- unda yofiliyo, iqve ganlagdeboda qarTlis
kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebas da guberniis mmarTveloba da guberniis kancel-
jaris damatebiTi kontingentis gamogzavnas. aria.. kaxeTis vice-gubernatoris reziden-
aria
saqarTveloSi rusuli jaris damatebiTi cia TelavSi unda yofiliyo, iqve iqneboda
kontingentis gamogzavnas aferxebda sirTu- kaxeTis guberniis mmarTveloba da guberniis
leebi sursaTiT momaragebaSi. kavkasiis xazi- kancelaria.. qarTlisa da kaxeTis kancelar-
kancelaria
dan daZrul ruseTis jars ar SeeZlo ramden- iebSi unda Seqmniliyo ori departamenti: 1.
ime Tvis, miT umetes, zamTrisaTvis aucile- sasamarTlo saqmeTa;
saqmeTa; 2. kameralur
kameralur,, anu saxazi-
beli maragis wamoReba, qarTlsa da kaxeTSi ki no saqmeTa.
saqmeTa. qarTlisa da kaxeTis kancelariebs
jaris gamokvebisaTvis aucilebeli sursaTis unda damorCileboda samazro sasamarTloebi
Tundac Sesyidva SeuZlebeli iyo. aseve Zne- da saerobo policia. yvela samazro qalaqSi
lad saSovneli iyo furaJi cxenebisaTvis. unda Seqmniliyo saqalaqo magistratebi,
magistratebi, xolo
1801 wlis martSi ivan lazarevi karl mazris teritoriaze arsebul sxva patara qa-
knorings werda, rom qarTl-kaxeTSi sas- laqebSi (magaliTad: ananurSi, axalgorSi,
wrafod unda damyarebuliyo rusuli mmarT- wilkanSi da sxv.) _ saqalaqo ratuSebi. fio-
veloba, raTa Sewyvetiliyo Zarcva-gleja da dor rostopCinma garsevan WavWavaZes acnoba,
yvelas SeenarCunebina is qoneba, rasac kanon- rom TbilisSi ruseTis imperiis senatis de-
ierad flobda. 1801 wlis 16 marts lazarevi partamentis an sabWos uflebiT daarsdeboda
kvlav iTxovda rusuli mmarTvelobis Se- mTavari sasamarTlo,
sasamarTlo, xolo mazrebSi _ dabali
moRebis daCqarebas. saqmes iseTi piri uCanda, instanciis sasamarTloebi. sasamarTlos Seqm-
rom qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis Se- nis mizniT TbilisSi unda Camosuliyo namd-
moRebamde ruseTis jaris didi kontingentis vili saidumlo mrCeveli sergei laSqarevi.
gamogzavnis sakiTxi ar gadawydeboda. 1801 wlis 11-12 marts RamiT SeTqmuleb-
pavel I-ma 1801 wlis 6 marts brZaneba ma mokles ruseTis imperatori pavel I. im-
gaugzavna mmarTvel senats. brZanebis ZaliT, peratoris mkvlelobam garkveuli droiT
yofili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos teritoria Seaferxa rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba
saqarTvelos guberniis saxiT Sevida ruseTis qarTl-kaxeTSi da sabolood arc fiodor
imperiis SemadgenlobaSi. brZanebis proeqti rostopCinisa da sergei laSqarevis proeqti
SemuSavebuli iqna fiodor rostopCinisa da ganxorcielebula.
sergei laSqarevis moxsenebebis mixedviT. gau- 12.. ruseTis jaris damatebiTi kontingen-
12
qmebuli qarTl-kaxeTis samefos teritoria tis Semosvla TbilisSi (1801 wlis 28 marti).marti).
unda Caricxuliyo rusuli guberniebis Tan- karl knorings ukve miRebuli hqonda pavel
70
vaxtang guruli
I-is reskripti saqarTveloSi jaris gamogzav- gaaCnda 41 sxvadasxva saxis transporti.

nis Sesaxeb. man ise, rom arc icoda imperato- sergei tuCkovis grenaderTa polki ma-
ris mkvlelobis ambavi, gamoiZaxa polkovniki Sinve gaemgzavra dislokaciis adgilze. ivan
sergei tuCkovi,
tuCkovi, romelsac pavel I-is mier lazarevi 1801 wli 7 da 26 aprils karl knor-
nabrZanebi hqonda grenaderTa polkiT saqa- ings moaxsenebda: polkis erTi batalioni 2
rTveloSi gamgzavreba. knoringma sergei zarbazniT gorSi dadga, meore batalioni
tuCkovs pavel I-is reskripti gaacno da ubr- 1 zarbazniT _ suramSi
suramSi,, mesame batalioni 1
Zana Tavisi polkiT saswrafod daZruliyo zarbazniT __cxinvalSi
cxinvalSi.. jaris aseTi ganlage-
Tbilisisaken. 1801 wlis 16 marts tuCkovma biT lazarevma iulon, vaxtang, aleqsandre
mozdokTan Tergi gadalaxa, gamoiara vla- da farnavaz batoniSvilebs qarTlSi fexis
dikavkazi da ramdenime dReSi osebis sofel mokidebis saSualeba mouspo. 1801 wlis maisSi
balTas moaRwia. balTidan iwyeboda saqa- TbilisSi polkovnik aleqsei leontievis muS-
rTvelosaken momavali gzis urTulesi mon- keterTa polki Semovida. muSketerTa polkis
akveTi. gzaze jer kidev Tovli ido. gan- nawilic qarTlis strategiul punqtebSi gan-
sakuTrebiT Wirda eqvsi Tormetfuntiani lagda. sul 1801 wlis gazafxulze saqarT-
zarbaznebis tareba. jari moZraobda Zalian veloSi Semosul ruseTis jaris grenaderTa
nela, dReSi gadiodnen daaxloebiT sam verss. erT da muSketerTa or polks SeiaraRebaze
Zalze CamorCa aRali. rogorc iqna, moaRwies gaaCnda 18 qvemexi.
darials.. tuCkovma aq jari SeaCera da aRals
darials ivan lazarevma kaxeTSi poziciebis
daeloda. darialSi banakad mdgar sergei gamagrebazec izruna. muSketerTa polkis
tuCkovs karl knoringma sagangebo Sikrikis erTi batalioni siRnaRidan alaznis dinebis
meSveobiT pavel I-is sikvdilisa da taxtze mimarTulebiT 15 versis manZilze mdebare
aleqsandr I-is asvlis ambavi amcno. tuCkovma soflebSi ganlagda
ganlagda.. War-belaqnis sazR-
da jarma Sehfices axal imperators da sofel varze cxenosan kazakTa piketebi moawyves,
stefanwmindisaken ganagrZes gza. stefanwmin- raTa Tvalyuri edevnebinaT lekTa razmebis
daSi jari SeCerda. sergei tuCkovi polkovnik gadaadgilebisaTvis. Tu lekebi cxenosan ka-
fiodor simonoviCisa da ramdenime oficris zakTa piketebs dausxltebodnen, maT winaaR-
TanxlebiT gergetis samebaSi avida da monas- mdeg unda daZruliyo sofel martyofsa da
teri moinaxula. amis Semdeg rusebi sofel sofel kakabeTSi ganlagebuli muSketerTa
sionSi Sevidnen. tuCkovi eloda cnobas imis batalioni. amrigad, lekebs SeezRudaT ara
Sesaxeb, rodis gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli uRel- marto kaxeTis darbevis, aramed kaxeTidan qa-
texilze gadmosvla. xuTi dRis Semdeg rusebs rTlSi gaWris saSualebac. miuxedavad gatare-
acnobes, rom SeiZleboda gzis gawmendiTi sa- buli RonisZiebisa, lekTa SemoWris saSiSroe-
muSaoebis dawyeba. sami dRis ganmavlobaSi ba mainc arsebobda. lekebs SeeZloT gverdi
rvaasi osi wmendda gzas, ris Semdegac grenad- aeqciaT tradiciuli gzisaTvis, gadaelaxaT
erTa polki nawil-nawil daZra duSeTisaken
duSeTisaken.. alazani da mtkvari, gahyolodnen ganjisa da
sofel kobSi darCenili polkis nawili kidev erevnis saxanoebis CrdiloeT sazRvars da
ori dRe Seferxda, radgan gza isev gasawmendi CaeRwiaT axalcixemde
axalcixemde,, saidanac SemoiWrebod-
gaxda. sofel kaiSaurSi tuCkovma jari daas- nen qarTlsa da kaxeTSi. generalma lazarevma
vena, Semdeg gza ganagrZo da ananuris
ananuris,, duSe- lekTa moTareSe razmebs es gzac gadauketa.
Tisa da mcxeTis gavliT 1801 wlis 28 marts erTi batalioni da cxenosan kazakTa piketebi
TbilisSi Camovida. TbilisSi polkovnik ser- Tbilisidan samxreTiT bambakis provinciaSi
gei tuCkovis grenaderTa polki aseTi Semad- iqna dislocirebuli. Tu lekebi mainc moax-
genlobiT Semovida: Stabis oficeri _ 3, erxebdnen axalcixeSi Casvlas da mtkvris xeo-
ufrosi oficeri _ 22, umcrosi oficeri _ 54, biT qarTlSi SemoWras, maT winaaRmdeg unda
sxvadasxva daniSnulebis samxedro mosamsax- gamoeyenebinaT suramSi mdgari grenaderTa
ure _ 4, polkis orkestri _ 24, rigiTi _ 616, batalionis 1 aseuli da gorSi myofi gre-
arasamwyobro momzadebis mqone _ 105. polks naderTa batalionis 2 aseuli. SamSadilus
SeiaraRebaze gaaCnda 4 zarbazani, romlebsac mxridan ganjis xanis SemoWris SemTxvevaSi
emsaxureboda 2 ufrosi oficeri, 10 umcrosi brZolaSi unda Cabmuliyo borCaloSi ganla-
oficeri, 62 mezarbazne da 42 arasamwyobro gebuli egerTa polkis 1 batalioni.
momzadebis mqone. polks hyavda 162 cxeni, ruseTis jaris nawili, grenaderTa pol-
71
kis 1 batalionis 2 aseuli, duSeTSi idga, dr I-is reskriptSi saxelmwifo sabWosadmi

raTa kavkasiis xazTan mudmivi kavSiri uz- aRniSnuli iyo, rom sabWos pasuxi unda gaeca
runveleyo. grenaderTa polkis batalionis 3 kiTxvaze: qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTTan
aseuli ganlagda mcxeTidan duSeTSi mimavali SeerTeba xom ar iqneboda usamarTloba same-
gzis gaswvriv. fos taxtis memkvidreTa mimarT? saxelmwifo
kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma general- sabWoSi ruseTis imperiasTan qarTl-kaxeTis
leitenentma karl knoringma da saqarTvelo- samefos SeerTebis sakiTxis ganxilva 1801
Si dislocirebuli ruseTis jaris meTaurma wlis 11 aprils daiwyo. sabWos sxdomis oqmSi
general-maiorma ivan lazarevma jari ise aRniSnulia, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ru-
ganalages, rom dasawyisSive aRekveTaT le- seTTan samudamod SeerTebis sakiTxis dasma
kTa da iranelTa laSqris SemoWra qarTlsa ganapiroba Semdegma mizezebma; 1. saidumlo
da kaxeTSi. ruseTis jaris amgvari ganlageba mrCevel apolos musin-puSkinis moxsenebam,
gamoricxavda iulon, vaxtang, aleqsandre, romlis mixedviTac qarTl-kaxeTSi iyo mad-
farnavaz batoniSvilebisa da maTi momxre Ta- nebis didi maragi da romlis ruseTisaTvis ga-
vadebis Tavisufal gadaadgilebisa da anti- dacema giorgi XII-m isurva; 2. gardacvalebis
rusuli qmedebebis SesaZleblobas. win qarTl-kaxeTis mefe giorgi XII-m iTxova
13. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis samefos ruseTis imperiis „uSualo qveSevr-
sakiTxi ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo sabWoSi. domobaSi“ (` Непосредственное подданство
(`Непосредственное подданство~)
~) miRe-
ruseTis imperatori pavel I 1801 wlis 11- ba. giorgi XII-is Txovna imperatorma Seiwyn-
12 marts mokles SeTqmulebma. taxtze avida ara da peterburgidan TbilisSi gaigzavnen
mokluli imperatoris ufrosi vaJi ale- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos elCebi giorgi aval-
qsandr I (1801-1825). daviT batoniSvili da iSvili da elizbar falavandiSvili, raTa
darejan dedofali cdilobdnen axali im- giorgi XII-s piradad misi da xalxis saxeliT
peratoris mxardaWeris mopovebas. 1801 wlis axali Txovna gaegzavna ruseTis imperato-
8 ianvars daviT batoniSvilma werili gaug- risaTvis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Taobaze.
zavna imperators da qarTl-kaxeTis mefed Tbilisidan petarburgSi gaemgzavrnen elCebi
damtkiceba sTxova. 15 aprils aleqsandr I-s da deputacia, romelTac Caitanes es Txovna.
werili gaugzavna darejan dedofalma da ba- 1800 wlis 18 dekembers ruseTis imperatorma
toniSvil iulonis mefed damtkiceba iTxova. pavel I-ma xeli moawera manifests ruseTis im-
daviT batoniSvili Tavis upiratesobas tax- periasTan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos SeerTebis
tze imiT amtkicebda, rom igi taxtis memkvi- Sesaxeb, romelic gamoqveynda TbilisSi.
dred jer kidev mamis, mefe giorgi XII-is, si- saxelmwifo sabWos sxdomaze aRiniSna,
cocxleSi, 1799 wels, daamtkica imperatorma rom sabWo pativiscemiT moekida imperatoris
pavel I-ma. darejan dedofali Tavis preten- eWvs imis Taobaze, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
zias erekle II-is mier Secvlili taxtis mem- gauqmeba xom ar iqneboda danaSauli samefos
kvidreobis wesiT asabuTebda. batoniSvilma taxtis memkvidreebis mimarT . amasTan erTad,
daviTma imperatorisaTvis werilis gadacema sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sabWos angarebiT ar
kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal karl knorings uxelmZRvanelebia (igulisxmeboda madnebi-
sTxova, darejan dedofalma ki werili sankt- dan miRebuli Semosavali _ v. g.). saxelmwifo
peterburgSi mimaval Tavis vaJs, batoniSvil sabWom aucileblad cno qarTl-kaxeTis same-
mirians, gaatana. darejan dedofali taxtze fos ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTeba da Tavisi
iulon batoniSvilis damtkicebis garda, da- gadawyvetileba Semdegi mizezebiT axsna: 1.
viT batoniSvilis Zalmomreobisagan dacvasac giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg samefo
iTxovda. dedofali werda, rom mas germa, da- saxlSi Camovarda uTanxmoeba, SinaaSliloba
viT batoniSvilma, CamoarTva mamulis didi ki daRupviT emuqreboda isedac sust samefos;
nawili da saerTod usaxsrod datova. 2. ruseTis imperiis Rirseba iTxovda gadaer-
aleqsandr I-ma Seiswavla qarTl-kaxeTis Cina da SeenarCunebina qarTl-kaxeTis samefo;
samefoSi Seqmnili viTareba da gadawyvita: 3. ruseTis imperiis sazRvrebi daculi iqne-
taxtis maZiebelTagan piradad arcerTisaTvis boda kavkasiis mTielTa Tavdasxmebisagan.
ar daeWira mxari
mxari.. imperatorma qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo sabWos wevrebma gaixsenes
samefos sakiTxi gansaxilvelad gadasca ru- imperator ekaterina II-is mier 1796 wels
seTis imperiis saxelmwifo sabWos
sabWos.. aleqsan- iranSi dawyebuli laSqroba, es SemTxveviT
72
vaxtang guruli
ar momxdara: Tu iranis winaaRmdeg axali omi Tis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla surda
daiwyeboda, cxadia, umjobesi iqneboda, qarTl- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mosaxleobas (xalxs);
kaxeTis samefo am droisaTvis ruseTis Semad- 2. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo unda darCeniliyo im
genlobaSi yofiliyo.
yofiliyo. gamomdinare zemoT mdgomareobaSi, romelSic imyofeboda giorgi
Tqmulidan, saxelmwifo sabWo miiCnevda: 1. qa- XII-is gadracvalebamde. saxelmwifo sabWos
rTl-kaxeTSi daetovebinaT ruseTis jari; 2. xalxis survilis pirvel mizezad gamotana
general-leitenant karl knorringis xelmZR- imisTvis sWirdebda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis same-
vanelobiT Seqmniliyo qarTl-kaxeTis droe- fos gauqmeba usamarTlobad ar Seracxuliyo.
biTi mmarTveloba; qveyana gayofiliyo Svid qarTl-kaxeTis samefos imave mdgomareobaSi
mazrad; knorringi gamgzavrebuliyo saqarT- datoveba, romelSic igi giorgi XII-is gar-
veloSi.; knorringisaTvis daevalebinaT cno- dacvalebamde imyofeboda, imas niSnavda, rom
bebis Sekreba qarTuli samarTlisa da adaT- saqarTveloSi mudmivad darCeboda im raode-
wesebis Sesaxeb, rac gaTvaliswinebuli unda nobis jari, ramdensac ruseTis imperatori
yofiliyo droebiTi mmarTvelobis mowyobi- moisurvebda. Crdilo kavkasiidan weliwadis
sas ; 3. karl knorringis saqarTveloSi gamg- yvela dros saqarTveloSi jaris uswrafesad
zavreba aucilebels xdida, daeniSnaT mis gamogzavna SeuZlebeli iyo. jaris gadmosvla
nacvlad kavkasiis xazis axali mTavarsardali. kavkasiis mTebze araTu zamTarSi, zafxulSic
samoqalaqo saqmeebis marTvisaTvis saqarT- ki ferxdeboda, amitom iyo, rom qarTlsa da
veloSi gagzavniliyo gubernatori, romelic kaxeTSi mudmivad unda mdgariyo seriozuli
knorringis peterburgSi dabrunebis Semdeg samxedro Zala. cxadia, ruseTis mTavroba am
samxedro saqmeebsac SeiTavsebda. saxelmwifo samxedro Zalas gamoiyenebda rogorc iranis,
sabWom mxari dauWira winadadebas, romlis osmaleTis da kavkasiis mTielebis (lekebis)
mixedviTac qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi yofnisas winaaRmdeg, ise qveynis SigniT wesrigis dasa-
gaweuli mniSvnelovani samuSaosaTvis apolos myareblad. saxelmwifo sabWo ar gamoricxavda
musin-puSkini 13 aTasi maneTiT unda dajil- imasac, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi qarTl-kaxe-
doebuliyo. Tis samefo saxlis warmomadgenlebs, Tavadebs,
1801 wlis 15 aprils ruseTis imperiis aznaurebs da, saerTod, qveynis mosaxleobas,
generalur prokuror aleqsandr bekleSo- osmaleTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla moesurve-
vis iniciativiT, saxelmwifo sabWo kvlav mi- bina. am SemTxvevisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTSi ruse-
ubrunda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis im- Tis jaris yofna proosmaluri orientaciis
periasTan SeerTebis sakiTxs. ufro zustad, aRkveTisTvis iyo aucilebeli.
aleqsandr bekleSovi aq arafer SuaSi iyo. gen- saxelmwifo sabWom daadastura, rom
eraluri prokurori saxelmwifo sabWos moax- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba da misi ru-
senebda imperatoris ukidurasad uaryofiTi seTis imperiasTan SeerTeba sasargeblo iyo
(`о крайнем отвращении
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb (`о orive mxarisaTvis. sabWo imasac aRiarebda,
Его Императорскаго Величества
Величества~)
~) qarTl-kaxe- rom qarTl-kaxeTSi mosagvarebeli iyo mTeli
Tis samefos gauqmebisadmi, radgan usamarT- rigi sakiTxebi, risTvisac aucileblad iqna
lod miiCnevda sxvisi teritoriis SeerTebas miCneuli: 1. kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardali
почитая не справедливым присвоение чужой
(„…почитая
(„… general-leintenanti karl knorringi dauy-
земли~).
земли ~). aleqsandr bekleSovis gamosvlis ovneblad unda gamgzavrebuliyo saqarT-
Semdeg saxelmwifo sabWom kidev erTxel ga- veloSi da adgilze mTeli sizustiTa da mi-
nixila qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis im- ukerZoeblobiT gamoerkvia, SeZlebda Tu ara
periasTan SeerTebis sakiTxi da ZalaSi da- qarTl-kaxeTi, darCeniliyo damoukidebel
tova 11 aprils miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ samefod. saxelmwifo sabWos konkretulad
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTis imperias unda ainteresebda, SesaZlebeli iyo Tu ara samefo
SeeerTebina.. 15 aprils miRebuli dadge-
SeeerTebina saxlSi arsebuli dapirispirebiT gamowveu-
nileba, marTalia, adasturebda qarTl-kax- li SinaaSlilobis dasruleba da mSvidobis
eTis samefos ruseTis imperiis Semadgenlo- damyareba, aseve, SesaZlebeli iqneboda Tu
baSi Sesvlis aucileblobas, magram amjerad ara sxva saxelmwifoTa agresiis mogerieba; 2.
araferi iyo naTqvami qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi umkacresi samarTlianobiT unda dadgenili-
rusuli droebiTi mmarTvelobis SemoRebis yo, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebidan,
Sesaxeb. dadgenileba orpunqtiania: 1. ruse- Tavadebidan, aznaurebidan, samRvdeloebidan
73
da, saerTod, samefos mosaxleobidan ra ra- xelSeuxeblobas“. imperatori acxadebda, rom

odenobas surda ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi xsenebuli principidan gamomdinare, mas sur-
Sesvla, mis nawils Tu yvelas. Tu ruseTis da gaerkvia:
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis survils pirveli.. namdvilad ar SeeZlo qarTl-
pirveli
yvela gamoTqvamda, maSin qarTuli samar- kaxeTis samefos, rom win aRdgomoda iranis
Tlisa da adaT-wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda agresias, moegeriebina kavkasiis mTielTa
momzadebuliyo masala qarTl-kaxeTis mo- Tavdasxmebi, daeZlia SinaaSlilobis gamo
mavali mTavrobis Sesaqmnelad. Tu ruseTis mosalodneli omebi da iyo Tu ara imis Ses-
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla mxolod aZlebloba, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos da-
xalxis nawilis survili iqneboda, maSin unda moukideblad earseba?
garkveuliyo sakiTxi: qarTveli elCebisa da meore.. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxli, Ta-
meore
deputaciis mier ruseTis imperatorisadmi vadebi da aznaurebi, mosaxeloba, Tanaxma iyo
mirTmeuli Txovna SeerTebis Sesaxeb mTeli Tu ara samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTTan
xalxis survili iyo Tu erTi kerZo jgufisa. SeerTebisa?
1801 wlis 22 aprils saxelmwifo sabWom imperatori karl knorings avalebda mi-
moismina karl knorringis moxseneba. kavka- ukerZoveblad epasuxa zemoT dasmul kiTx-
siis xazis mTavarsardali aRniSnavda, rom vebze da pasuxisas gaeTvaliswinebina, rom
ver xerxdeboda qarTl-kaxeTSi gagzavnil qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTs uerTdeboda
polkovnik semion portniaginis dragunTa ara imperiis interesebidan gamomdinare, ar-
polkis sursaTiTa da furaJiT momarageba. amed samefoSi mSvidobis damyarebisa da misi
garda amisa, knorings afiqrebda is, rom kavka- usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT (,,... не для Росии
siis xazze polkovnik portniaginis dragun- присоединяется сей народ к Империи, но собствинно
Ta polkis mier datovebuli poziciebi jer для него; что не наших польз мы всем ищем, но
kidev ar daekavebina donis kazakTa polkebs. единственно его покоя и безопасности…~).
безопасности… ).
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, knor- aleqsandr I-is 1801 wlis 19 aprilis
ringi werda, rom 1801 wlis seqtembramde reskriptis Sesrulebis Semdeg knorringi
saqarTveloSi jaris damatebiTi kontingen- peterburgSi unda dabrunebuliyo da mox-
tis gagzavna SeuZlebeli iqneboda. kavkasiis seneba waredgina imperatorisaTvis. mis dab-
xazis mTavarsardlis moxsenebis ganxilvis runebamde qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis
Semdeg saxelmwifo sabWom daadgina: 1. kavka- imperiasTan SeerTebis sakiTxi ar iqneboda
siis xazze polkovnik semion portniaginis gadawyvetili. sakiTxis gadawyveta verc iman
dragunTa polki Canacvlebuli iqnas donis daaCqara, rom peterburgSi Cavidnen qarTl-
kazakTa polkiT. 2. saqarTveloSi aRar gaig- kaxeTis samefos elCebi da axali Txovna mi-
zavnos cxenosani jari _ dragunTa polkebi, arTves aleqsandr I-s. TxovnaSi aRniSnuli iyo
isini Caanacvlon kazakTa cxenosani jariT. Semdegi: 1. imperator pavel I-is 1800 wlis 18
14. aleqsandr I-is 1801 wlis 19 aprilis dekemberis manifestiT qarTl-kaxeTis samefo
reskripti. aleqsandr I-is brZanebis Tanax- ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sevida, qveSevrdo-
mad, kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardali gener- moba iyo mudmivi (,,навечныя времена~);
времена ); 2. pavel
al-leitenanti karl knorringi peterbur- I-is dapirebis Tanaxmad, ruseTis imperiasa da
gidan TbilisSi gamoemgzavra. generals Tan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Soris unda gafor-
mohqonda imperatoris mier 1801 wlis 19 mebuliyo ormxirvi xelSekruleba, romelic
aprils xelmowerili reskripti. aleqsandr jer-jerobiT ar iyo dadebuli; 3. qarTl-kax-
I werda, rom taxtze asvlisas mas ukve xel- eTis samefosaTvis ruseTis imperators unda
mowerili daxvda aqti qarTl-kaxeTis samefos eboZebina igive uflebani da upiratesobani,
gauqmebisa da ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTebis riTac sargeblobdnen imperiis qveSevdomo-
Sesaxeb (igulisxmeboda pavel I-is 1800 wlis baSi myofi xalxebi; 4. ruseTs qarTl-kaxeTi
18 dekembris manifesti _v. g.), Tumca impera- unda daecva SinaaSlilobisa da mezobeli
tori „arss ar gansazRvravda mxolod da mx- xalxebisa da saxelmwifoebis Tavdasxmebisa-
olod sargeblobis motanis TvalsazrisiT da gan; 5. qarTl-kaxeTi pirnaTlad Seasrulebda
amitom ar SeeZlo es aqti Zalmosilad ecno“. yvela im valdebulebas, romelsac imperato-
reskriptSi aRniSnulia, rom aleqsandr I aRi- ri, rogorc qveSevrdoms, daakisrebda.
arebda „samarTlianobas
„samarTlianobas da xalxis uflebis 15. qarTveli elCebis 1801 wlis aprilis
74
vaxtang guruli
nota. 1801 wlis aprilSi qarTl-kaxeTis same-

nota. fisnacvlis rusi TanaSemwe da sami qarTveli
fos sruluflebianma elCebma giorgi avaliS- Tavadi da aznauri, qarTl-kaxeTSi myofi ru-
vilma da elizbar falavandiSvilma ruseTis seTis jaris meTauri, aseve ramdenime qarTve-
imperiis xelisuflebas warudgines nota, roli da rusi moxele. ruseTis mefinacvlis anu
melic oci punqtisagan Sedgeboda.. SemorCe- qarTl-kaxeTis mefis Semdeg xelisuflebis
nilia notis dedanic _ qarTuli teqsti. nota ierarqiaSi meore piri iqneba qarTl-kaxeTis
warmoadgens qarTveli elCebis Txovnas ruse- samefos mmarTveli
mmarTveli;
Tis imperatorisadmi. masSi Camoyalibebulia 3. qalaq TbilisSi daarsdes policia,
qarTl-kaxeTSi gasatarebeli sxvadasxva saxis ober-policmeisterad dainiSnos qarTveli
gadaudebeli RonisZiebisa da reformis Si- Tavadi. garda zemoxsenebuli ruseTis im-
naarsi. maTi ganxorcieleba ruseTis impera- periis senatis departamentisa, TbilisSi
toris TanxmobiT unda momxdariyo. aSkaraa, daarsdes kidev erTi sasamarTlo, e.w. ``ze-
ze-
rom notis zogierTi punqti ruseTis xelisu- piri sasamarTlo~ („словесный суд“),
суд“) romlis
flebis mier iyo nakarnaxevi. qarTveli el- Tavmjdomarec qarTveli aznauri iqneba. es
Cebis saTxovari aseTi iyo: sasamarTlo ganixilavs zepiri gancxadebiT
1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa da ruseTis Semosul saqmeebs da imave dRes gamoitans
imperias Soris daidos ormxrivi xelSekrule- gadawyvetilebas. Tu zepiri sasamarTlo
ba (aqti), romlis ZaliTac ruseTi izrunebs gadawyvetilebis gamotanas ver SeZlebs, saqme
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sazRvrebis dacvasa gadaigzavneba qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mmarT-
da SinaaSlilobis daSoSminebaze; velobaSi an policiaSi;
2. imperator pavel I-is dapirebidan 4. TbilisSi daarsdes sabaJo, romlis di-
gamomdinare (es dapireba imperatoris sax- reqtoric qarTveli Tavadi iqneba, xolo misi
eliT qarTl-kaxeTis samefos elCebisaTvis moadgileebi _ qarTveli aznauri da rusi
fiodor rostopCins gadaucia), dainiSnos moxele;
„mmarTvelad saqarTvelosa samefod erTad 5. qarTveli batoniSvilebis, Tavadebisa
romelime mefis-ZeTagani, igi iwodebodes im- da aznaurebis uZravi da moZravi qoneba rCeba
peratorisa moadgiled da ixseniebodes mefed maTsave kanonier mflobelobaSi. Tu rome-
saqarTvelosad“. imperatoris moadgiled lime batoniSvili, Tavadi an aznauri sxvis
(mefisnacvlad _ v.g.) daniSnul batoniS- qonebas miisakuTrebs, miTvisebul qonebas mas
vils eyoleba rusi TanaSemwe. mefisnacvals CamoarTmeven da daubruneben kanonier mflo-
ar eqneba ufleba damoukideblad gamosces bels;
gankargulebebi, brZanebebi da kanonebi. mis 6. qvriv dedoflebs (igulisxmeba dare-
mier gamocemul brZanebebsa da sxva aqte- jan da mariam dedoflebi _ v. g.), aseve ba-
bze jer xeli rusma TanaSemwem unda moawe- toniSvilebis qvrivebs da im mandilosan ba-
ros. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mmarTvelobaSi toniSvilebs, romelTa daqorwineba asakis
yvela xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobas daikaveben gamo ukve SeuZlebelia, ruseTis mTavrobam
rusebi. qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi unda Seiqm- misces miwa ruseTis soflebSi da gauCi-
nas axali sasamarTlo sistema: ``xolo
xolo sim- nos sxva Semosavali. is batoniSvilebi, maTi
cirisaTvis adgilTa saqarTveloisa davsdebT Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, romlebic susti
esreT, romel sakmao iqmnebis xuTni sasamarT- janmrTelobis gamo ver gaemgzavrebian ru-
loni adgilni, romelTaganica pirveli iwode- seTSi da darCebian saqarTveloSi, unda Sevi-
bodes esreT, viTarca keTilmnebebel iqmnebis, dnen saxelmwifo samsaxurSi;
_ sovetad anu departamentad senatisa.“ e. i. 7. kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s darCes
sul sasamarTloebi Seiqmneboda xuT qalaq- Tavisi uflebebi, TavianTi uflebebi Seunar-
Si. mTavari sasamarTlo, romlisTvisac unda CundeT eparqiebis mmarTvel mitropolitebs,
ewodebinaT ruseTis imperiis senatis sabWo an mTavarepiskoposebsa da episkoposebs, aseve
senatis departamenti, dafuZndeboda Tbilis- arqimandritebs, iRumenebs, dekanozebs, mRvd-
Si. danarCen sasamarTloebs, romlebic sx- lebs, diakvnebsa da eklesiis sxva msaxurebs.
vadasxva qalaqSi dafuZndeba, ewodos samazro Tu eparqiebis mmarTvel mitropolitebs, mTa-
(“uezdni“)sasamarTloebi.. ruseTis imperiis
(“uezdni“)sasamarTloebi varepiskoposebsa da episkoposebs gauCndebaT
senatis depatamentis wevrebi iqnebian ruse- vakansiebi, maT Seavseben ruseTis saeklesio
Tis mefisnacvali anu qarTl-kaxeTis mefe, me- xelisuflebasTan SeTanxmebiT. Tu eklesiis
75
msaxurebi (arqimandritebi, iRumenebi, dekano- ma, anu qarTl-kaxeTis mefem;

zebi da sxvebi,) vakansiebis gareSe darCebian, 12. winaT qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi
maT daeniSnoT mcire pensia; mcxovrebi sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgen-
8. saqarTveloSi ZvelTaganve arsebobda lebi amJamad imyofebian iranSi, osmaleTsa da
wesi, romlis mixedviTac mefes, yvela ba- sxva adgilebSi. xom ar inebebda ruseTis im-
toniSvilsa da Tavads, aseve eklesias hyavda peratori gaeca nebarTva maTi qarTl-kaxeTSi
Tavisi aznaurebi. es aznaurebi flobdnen mi- dabrunebis Sesaxeb, xolo dabrunebulebisaT-
wasa da glexebs. aznaurebi saxelmwifo sam- vis miecaT ufleba TviTon aerCiaT, romel
saxurSi gamosadegni arian, upiratesad ki uwyebaSi Caricxuliyvnen _ saxelmwifoSi Tu
samxedro samsaxurSi. mefis, batoniSvilebis, saTavadoSi. qarTveli glexebis gadasvla
Tavadebisa da saeklesio aznaurebi „CamoerT- erTi uwyebidan meoreSi aikrZalos, aseve
vaT yovelTa maT mebatoneTa da aRiracxen igini aikrZalos Tavadebisa da aznaurebis mier
saeroTa aznaurTa wesTa Sina“. saero katego- glexebis gayidva. Tu qarTvelebs iranisa da
riaSi Caricxul aznaurebs mieceT mamulebi osmaleTis tyveobidan, aseve sxva xalxebis ty-
da gamoiyenon imperatoris samsaxurSi; veobidan ruseTis jari gaaTavisuflebs, maT
9. qarTl-kaxeTSi arsebuli oqros, ver- unda moepyran tyveobidan gaTavisuflebuli
cxlisa da sxva liTonebis sabadoebis dasa- rusebis msgavsad. Tu vinme tyve qarTvels
muSaveblad, imperatoris brZanebiT, gamoig- gamoisyidis da tyvis sakuTrebaSi dabrunebas
zavnon mcodne specialistebi. sabadoebze moiTxovs misi Zveli mflobeli, mxolod mas
imuSavebs adgilobrivi xalxi, romelsac Semdeg daubruneben, rac gamosasyid Tanxas
miecema fuladi anazRaureba; gadaixdis. Tanxis gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi
10. qarTl-kaxeTSi myofi ruseTis jaris yofili tyve rCeba gamomsyidvelis sakuTre-
raodenoba gaizardos, xolo jaris meTaurs baSi. axal mflobels SeeZleba misi gayidva an
mieces brZaneba sursaTi jarisaTvis da fur- gaCuqeba, oRond qarTl-kaxeTis sazRvrebSi;
aJi cxenebisaTvis sabazro fasebSi Seisyidos; 13. samefo saxlis wevrebs, maT Svileb-
11. qarTl-kaxeTSi Seiqmnas regularuli sa da SviliSvilebs SeunarCundeT TavianTi
jari, romlis raodenoba gansazRvros ruse- uflebebi. Tavadebma da aznaurebma isarge-
Tis mTavrobam. jari gawvrTnan saqmis mcodne blebon ruseTis Tavadaznaurobis uflebe-
rusma oficrebma. qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleoba biT, miRebuli iqnebian ruseTis imperato-
ruseTis jarSi rekrutis wesiT ar gaiwvion, ris samsaxurSi maTi Sesabamisi wodebebiT.
xolo regularuli qarTuli jari kavkasiis qarTveli samRvdeloeba isargeblebs rusi
mTebs gadaRma ar gadaiyvanon da ar ganalagon samRdeloebis uflebebiT;
SvedeTis, prusiisa da ruseTis mezobeli sxva 14. vaWrebs, meSCanebsa da xelosnebs Seu-
saxelmwifoebis sazRvrebTan. qarTuli jari narCundeT komerciuli Semosavali, mieniWoT
kavkasiis mTebs gadaRma klimaturi pirobebis Tavisufali vaWrobis, uZrav-moZravi qonebis
gamo versad ver imsaxurebs, misi gamoyeneba survilisamebr gamoyenebis ufleba. mosaxle-
upriani iqneba qarTl-kaxeTSi myofi ruseTis obis am fenebs SeumsubuqdeT is gadasaxadebi,
jaris SemadgenlobaSi osmaleTis, iranisa da romlebic dawesda mtrebis Semosevis piro-
kavkasiis mTielTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. bebSi;
qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis Svilebs 15. saxazino uwyebaSi Caricxul glexebs
mieniWoT ufrosi da umcrosi oficrebis da imaT, romlebic momavalSi Caericxebian
wodebebi, samefo ojaxis wevrTa Svilebs _ saxazino uwyebaSi, Tavadebisa da aznaurebis
Stabis oficris Cini. Stabis, ufros da um- glexebs dauwesdeT saxazino gadasaxadi, isini
cros oficrebs Semdgomi wodebebi mieniWoT ganTavisufldnen jaris Sesanaxi gadasaxadis-
ruseTis imperiis moqmedi kanonmdeblobiTa agan. jarSi gawveulTa ojaxebs Tavadebma,
da debulebiT. qarTuli regularuli jaris aznaurebma, aseve samRvdeloebam gadasaxadis
rigiTebi imsaxureben 10-15 weli, ris Semdeg akrefisas SeRavaTi miscen;
daubrundebian TavianT ojaxebs. Tu regu- 16. saxelmwifo samsaxurSi myof batoniS-
larul qarTul jarTan erTad aucilebeli vilebs, qarTvel da rus moxeleebs saxelm-
gaxdeba araregularuli qarTuli jaris Se- wifo Semosavlebidan mieceT maTi Rirsebisa
qmnac, misi raodenoba, ganlageba da sxva da Tanamdebobis Sesaferisi anazRaureba;
sakiTxebi gadawyvitos ruseTis mefis nacval- 17. qarTvel Tavadebsa da aznaurebs,
76
vaxtang guruli
romlebic winaT imyofebodnen mefis samsax- aznaurebi da samRvdeloeba Sekriba. Tavi-

urSi da amjerad asakisa Tu sxva mizezis gamo danve cxadi iyo, rom, imperatoris brZanebis
aRar surT samsaxuris gagrZeleba, Seunar- miuxedavad, knorringi qarTl-kaxeTis mTeli
CundeT wodeba da isargeblon imave pativiT, mosaxleobis azrs ar gamoikiTxavda da ale-
romliTac sargebloben imperatoris samsax- qsandr I-is mier dasmul kiTxvebs ivan laza-
urSi myofi Tavadebi da aznaurebi; revis mier Sekrebil TavadebTan, aznaurebTan
18. qarTl-kaxeTis usafrTxoebisaTvis, da samRvdeloebasTan gasaubrebis Semdeg upa-
upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia War-be- suxebda.
laqansa da kaxeTs Soris arsebuli sazRvris TbilisSi karl knorringis CamosvlisTa-
dacva. Waris mosaxleoba islamis rjulze mo- nave daviT batoniSvilma misgan moiTxova
qceuli qarTvelebia. WarSi Cadian da iqidan ganmarteba, Tu ra ufleba hqonda mas qarTl-
kaxeTsa da qarTls Tavs esxmian lekebi. sazR- kaxeTis samefo taxtze. 1801 wlis 27 maiss da-
vari Warsa da kaxeTs Soris mdinare alazanze viT batoniSvili generals swerda: mamaCemma,
gadis, kaxeTisa da Waris soflebi erTmaneTi- mefe giorgim, samefo ruseTis imperator
sagan erTi dRis savalze arian daSorebuli. pavels Seswira im ganzraxviTa da TxovniT,
Wari mudam warmoadgenda lekebis TavSeyris rom mis Semdeg samefo taxtze kanonieri
adgils, romlebic aqedan Tavs esxmodnen kax- memkvidre avidoda. daviT batoniSvili knor-
eTsa da qarTls. Waridan SemoWrili lekebi ings sTxovda, peterburgSi Tavisi warmomad-
nadavlianad WarSi ki aRar brundebodnen, ar- genlis gagzavnis ufleba mieca, raTa ale-
amed axalcixeSi Cadiodnen; qsandr I-Tvis Txovna mierTmia da amave dros
19. qarTl-kaxeTis dacvisaTvis aucile- gaerkvia, ra Sinaarsis Txovna (igulisxmeba
belia WarSi mcxovrebi islamis aRmsarebeli zemoT ganxiluli 1801 wlis aprilis nota _
qarTvelebi qarTl-kaxeTis sxvadasxva raion- v. g.) waradgines qarTvelma elCebma ruseTis
Si gadmoasaxlon, xolo maT adgalas qris- mTavrobaSi. knoringma SeuZleblad miiCnia da-
tiani qarTvelebi Caasaxlon; viT batoniSvilis Txovnis dakmayofileba da
20. qarTl-kaxeTSi ar icnoben ruseTis gadawyvita batoniSvili saerTod CamoeSore-
imperiis kanonebs da rusul Cveulebebs, rac bina qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mmarTvelobisaT-
xels uSlis ruseTis imperatorisadmi erT- vis. cota mogvianebiT daviT batoniSvilma
gul samsaxurs. mainc gagzavna Tavisi warmomadgeneli peter-
qarTveli elCebis notas peterburgSi burgSi. 1801 wlis 4 ivniss saxelmwifo sabWom
yuradRebiT moekidnen. notis zogierTi punq- miiRo daviT batoniSvilis Txovna, romelic
ti, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, rusuli mxaris misTvis samefo taxtis SenarCunebas exeboda.
mier iyo nakarnaxevi da amdenad, savsebiT mis- sabWom daadgina, knorringis saqarTvelodan
aRebi iyo ruseTis saimperatoro karisaTvis. dabrunebamde am sakiTxze ar emsjela.
notis danarCeni punqtebi da maTi miReba- 1801 wlis 2 ivniss karl knoringma qa-
armiRebis sakiTxi imperatorsa da saxelm- rTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobas mimarTa. mimarT-
wifo sabWos unda gadaewyvita. vaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom igi qarTl-kaxeTis
16. karl knorringis misia TbilisSi
TbilisSi. qa- samefoSi Camovida ruseTis imperatoris
rTl-kaxeTis droebiTi mTavrobis Seqmna. pe- brZanebiT, raTa Seeswavla arsebuli mdgo-
terburgidan saqarTveloSi momavali kavkasi- mareoba. knorringi sayvedurs gamoTqvamda
is xazis mTavarsardali general-leitenanti imis gamo, rom qveyanaSi ar sruldeboda im-
karl knorringi mozdokSi SeCerda, saidanac perator pavel I-is 1800 wlis 18 dekembris
1801 wlis 15 maiss Tbilisisaken gamoemgza- manifesti da aseve imperatoris sxva brZanebe-
vra. mosaxleobam araferi uwyoda im cvli- bi. generali aRniSnavda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis
lebebis Sesaxeb, rac ruseTis saimperatoro samefoSi damkvidrda uwesrigoba. knorringi
karze da saxelmwifo sabWoSi qarTl-kaxeTis acxadebda, rom Tavis movaleobad Tvlida
samefos bedTan dakavSirebiT moxda pavel I-is zedmiwevniT zustad Seesrulebina ruseTis
gardacvalebis Semdeg. es kargad igrZno karl imperatoris is brZanebebi, romlebic qarTl-
knoringmac. kaxeTis samefos exeboda. mimarTvaSi aRniS-
Seityo Tu ara knorringis Tbilisi- nuli iyo, rom sanam ruseTis imperatori
saken gamomgzavreba, general-maiorma ivan saboloo gadawyvetilebas miiRebda, qarTl-
lazarevma TbilisSi qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadebi, kaxeTis samefoSi yvelaferi rCeboda ise, ro-
77
gorc iyo giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis drois- SemadgenlobiTac. 1801 wlis ivnisSi daviT
aTvis. knorringi mosaxleobas acnobebda, rom batoniSvili Tavad beglar orbelians swer-
man Seqmna qarTl-kaxeTis droebiTi mTavroba da:: òTxi
da oTxi gaiZvera“ da èrTi
erTi suleli“ marTavs
general-maior ivan lazarevis Tavmjdomareo- qveyanaso.. sulelad daviT batoniSvili ivan
qveyanaso
biT. droebiT mTavrobaSi Sevidnen Tavadebi: lazarevs miiCnevda, xolo gaiZverebs zaal
zaal baraTaSvili,
baraTaSvili, egnate TumaniSvili
TumaniSvili,, ioane baraTaSvils, egnate TumaniSvils, ioane
ColoyaSvili,, sulxan TumaniSvili da Tbili-
ColoyaSvili ColoyaSvils da sulxan TumaniSvils eZaxda.
sis ober-policmaisteri meliqi darCo bebu- imave werilSi daviT batoniSvili CamoTvlida
Tovi.. mTavrobas unda ganexila da gadaewyvita
Tovi rusebis mier Cadenil kanondarRvevebs.
yvela is sakiTxi, romlebsac winaT ixilavda daviT batoniSvili xmebs avrcelebda,
da wyvetda qarTl-kaxeTis mefe. rom man TiTqos peterburgidan miiRo impera-
1801 wlis 2 ivniss karl knoringma ivan tor aleqsandr I-is werili misi qarTl-kaxe-
lazarevs misca miTiTeba: 1. qarTl-kaxeTis Tis mefed damtkicebis Sesaxeb, xolo karl
mTavrobas saufliswulo mamulebi unda Camo- knorringis 1801 wlis 2 ivnisis mimarTva mo-
erTmia im batoniSvilebisaTvis, romelTac saxleobisadmi ewinaaRmdegeboda imperatoris
ruseTis mTavrobisadmi protestis niSnad survils. daviT batoniSvili imuqreboda, rom
Tavi imereTis samefos Seafares; 2. mTavro- gamefebis Semdeg dasjida yvelas, vinc mas ar
bas mamulebi unda CamoerTmia im Tavadebi- emorCileboda. mosaxleobis daSinebis mizniT
sTvisac, romelTac es mamulebi daviT ba- igi avrcelebda cru xmebs lekebis mier ru-
toniSvilis brZanebiT miiRes bolo xanebSi; sis jaris amowyvetis Sesaxeb. aSkara iyo, rom
3. imereTSi gaxiznuli batoniSvilebis mam- Tavdapirvelad rusuli orientaciis daviT ba-
ulebidan miRebuli Semosavali xazinaSi toniSvili ruseTis mteri gaxda. batoniSvili
aRiricxeboda sagangebo muxliT da batoniS- knorings brals sdebda imaSi, rom man taxtis
vilebs daubrundebodaT ruseTis mTavro- kanonieri memkvidre qveynis marTvas Camoa-
basTan Serigebis Semdeg; 4. giorgi XII-is im Sora. lazarevs batoniSvili brals sdebda
Svilebs, romelTac mamulebi da Semosavali qarTl-kaxeTis gaCanagebasa da gaZarcvaSi.
ar gaaCndaT, yovelTviurad unda mieRoT 100 ufro seriozuli iyo lazarevisaTvis way-
maneTi. daviT batoniSvils, romelsac mamu- enebuli meore braldeba. daviT batoniSvili
lidan mcire Semosavali hqonda, TveSi unda amtkicebda, rom lazarevi erevnis saxanoSi
mieRo 500 maneTi. darejan dedofals daeniS- TiTqos imitom gaemgzavra, rom qarTl-kaxe-
neboda pensia TveSi 300 maneTis odenobiT. Tis samefos winaaRmdeg osmalebi, sparselebi
ivan lazarevma TbilisSi wesrigis dacva da lekebi aemxedrebina. daviT batoniSvilis
jaris nacvlad policias daavala. qalaqi gai- mier 1801 wlis 5 ivniss nikoloz onikovisaT-
yo sam ubnad: pirveli da meore ubani moicav- vis gagzavnili werilidan irkveva, rom mas
da qalaqis ZiriTad nawils, mesame _ gare- jer kidev hqonda qarTl-kaxeTis droebiTi
Tubans. avlabarSi, imis gamo, rom igi darejan mTavrobis wevrad gaxdomis imedi.
dedofals ekuTvnoda, policia ar Seuyva- daviT batoniSvilma ukidures zomebs
niaT. knoringma lazarevs daavala, darejan mimarTa. igi Tavis momxreebs da mosaxleobas
dedofali Tanaxmobis SemTxvevaSi sapolicio arwmunebda, aleqsandr I-ma gaauqma pavel I-is
ubani avlabarSic Seeqmna. policiis funq- 1800 wlis 18 dekembris manifesti qarTl-kax-
cias Seadgenda: 1. zusti cnoba hqonoda qa- eTis gauqmebisa da misi ruseTTan SeerTebis
laqSi saxlebisa da mcxovrebTa raodenobis Sesaxeb, magram lazarevi am faqts malavso.
Sesaxeb; 2. mosaxleobis religiuri aRmsare- 1801 wlis 6 agvistos lazarevi knorings
blobis Sesaxeb; 3. mosaxleobis wodebrivi md- werda, rom Tu bagrationTa samefo saxlis
gomareobis Sesaxeb; 4. qalaqSi SemomsvlelTa wevrebi ruseTSi ar gaiwvies, qarTl-kaxeTSi
da qalaqidan gasulTa Sesaxeb; 5. mosaxleobis uwesrigobas bolo ar moeRebao.
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. 18. erevnis xanis Careva qarTl-kaxeTis sa-
17. daviT batoniSvilis brZola taxtis Sinao saqmeebSi
saqmeebSi.. qarTl-kaxeTSi arsebuli daZ-
memkvidris uflebis aRdgenisaTvis.
aRdgenisaTvis daviT ba- abuli politikuri viTareba, batoniSvilebis
toniSvili Zalze ukmayofilo iyo rogorc brZola samefos gadarCenisaTvis, cxadia,
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mmarTvelobidan Ca- cnobili iyo erevnis, ganjisa da sxva xanebi-
mocilebis gamo, aseve droebiTi mTavrobis saTvis, aseve lekebisaTvis. mosalodneli
78
vaxtang guruli
areulobis Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli xmebi Za- qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobis usafrTxoeba.

bavda viTarebas yazaxis, SamSadilusa da bor- generals xanisaTvis urCevia Tavi Seekavebina
Calos muslim mosaxleobaSi. Seqmnili rTu- bambakSi SeWrisagan. lazarevi jariT bambakSi
li viTarebis gamoyeneba scada erevnis xanma Sevida da 1801 wlis 11 ivliss adgilobriv
mehmedma.. mehmed xanma bambakis mosaxleobas
mehmedma mosaxleobas mowodebiT mimarTa. generali
mouwoda uari eTqva qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sastiki sasjeliT emuqreboda maT, vinc bam-
qveSevrdomobaze da erevnis xanis uzenae- bakSi ar dabrundeboda. muqaram Tavisi Sedegi
soba eRiarebinaT. bambakelebma erevnis xa- gamoiRo. 1801 wlis 15 ivliss lazarevi knor-
nis SemoTavazeba miiRes. 1801 wlis 10 ivniss ings moaxsenebda, rom erevnis saxanoSi gax-
lazarevi knorings moaxsenebda, rom bambakSi iznuli bambakis 14 soflidan xuTi soflis
Semovida erevnis xanis laSqari (400 mebrZo- mosaxleoba ukanve dabrunda. rogorc gener-
li) da erevnis saxanoSi gaiyvana bambakis 14 lis moxsenebaSia aRniSnuli, erevnis saxanoSi
soflis daaxloebiT 6.000 mcxovrebi. garda darCenili 9 soflis mosaxleobis waqezebis
mehmed xanis mowodebisa, bambakis mosaxleo- mizniT rusTa da qarTvelTa jari erevnis
bis erevnis saxanoSi gadasvlis mizezad laz- saxanos sazRvars miuaxlovda. 1801 wlis 15
arevi bambakis mouravis Tavad orbelianis ivliss lazarevma knorings moaxsena: CemTan
mier adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Seviwroebas gamocxadda mehmed xanis warmomadgeneli, ro-
miiCnevda. Tavadi orbeliani bambaks mas Sem- melic irwmuneboda, rom erevnis xans ruseT-
deg ganagebda, rac mouravi Tavadi ciciS- Tan mSvidobiani urTierTobis damyareba sur-
vili peterburgSi gaemgzavra. lazarevma da. rogorc moxsenebidan irkveva, lazarevs
Seityo Tu ara bambakSi dawyebuli areulo- erevanSi Tavadi TarxniSvili gaugzavnia da
bis Sesaxeb, maSinve werili gaugzavna erevnis xanisaTvis bambakis im 9 soflis mosaxleobis
xans da mouwoda xeli aeRo Tavisi gegmebis dabruneba mouTxovia, romlebic jer kidev
ganxorcielebaze. cxadia, lazarevma icoda, erevnis saxanoSi rCebodnen. erevnis xans bam-
rom erevnis xani mis moTxovnas ar gaiTval- bakis mosaxleobis dabrunebaze Tanxmoba ga-
iswinebda. 1801 wlis 30 ivniss ivan lazarevi nucxadebia, Tumca Tavad TarxniSvilisaTvis
egerTa polkis 1 batalioniT, aleqsei le- kvlav gaumeorebia, rom bambaki mas aRa mah-
ontievis muSketerTa polkis 1 batalioniT, mad xanisagan hqonda naboZebi. mehmed xans
100 kazakiT, ivane orbelianis 500 qarTveli TarxniSvilisaTvis sxvaTa Soris uTqvams, rom
cxenosniT, egerTa polkis 3 msubuqi zarba- SeiZleboda bambaki qarTvel batoniSvilebs
zniT Tbilisidan gavida da erevnisaken da- daekavebinaT. 1801 wlis 4 agvistos lazarevi
iZra. erevnisa da naxWevnis xanebma TaTbiri knorings moaxsenebda, rom daviT batoniS-
gamarTes da daadgines, rusTa da qarTvelTa vils bambaki erevnis xanisaTvis dauTmia im
jari bambakis teritoriaze ar SeeSvaT. saxa- pirobiT, rom xani iq ruseTis jars ar SeuS-
noebSi laSqris Sekreba daiwyo. marTalia, vebda. daviT, vaxtang, iulon da aleqsandre
erevnis da naxWevnis xanebma brZolis daw- batoniSvilebi ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
yebis gadawyvetileba miiRes, magram mehmed erevnis xans sTxovdnen daxmarebas. batoniS-
xanma scada saqme omis gareSe moegvarebina. vilebi erevnis xans aimedebdnen, rom maT dax-
man Tavisi warmomadgeneli gagzavna general marebas aRmouCendnen imereTis mefe solomon
lazarevTan da acnoba, rom bambaki aRa mahmad II da axalcixis faSa Serifi
Serifi,, aseve lekebi. da-
xanma erevnis xans uboZa da amdenad, igi ukve viT batoniSvili erevnis xans urCevda ar Ses-
aRar ekuTvnoda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos. xanis uliyo ruseTis mfarvelobaSi. ruseTis jaris
warmomadgenelma generals ganucxada: mehmed miaxloebam erevnis saxanos sazRvrebTan mehm-
xans ruseTTan omi ar surs, piriqiT, ruse- ed xani aiZula uari eTqva batoniSvilebisT-
Tis imperatoris mfarvelobas eZiebso. erev- vis daxmarebaze da bambakzec xeli aeRo. ivan
nis xani lazarevs arCevanis winaSe ayenebda: lazarevma muSketerTa 1 batalioni, egerTa
ruseTisaTvis ra iyo umjobesi, erevnis xanis 1 aseuli, kazakebi da artileria yarayalisSi
mier bambakis dakaveba, Tu erevnis saxanos datova, xolo danarCeni jariT borCalosa da
mfarvelobaSi miReba. lazarevi 1801 wlis 13 yazaxis gavliT TbilisSi dabrunda. 1801 wlis
ivliss knorings swerda, rom erevnis xans man 18 ivliss igi karl knorings moaxsenebda, rom
aseTi pasuxi gasca: ruseTis jari sazRvri- ganjis xani SamSadilus muslim mosaxleobas
saken (bambakisaken) miemarTeboda, rom daecva ruseTis winaaRmdeg amxedrebda. generals
79
gadauwyvetia SamSadiluSi Tavad WavWavaZisa veliscixes, magram verc alafis aReba da verc
da Tavad avaliSvilis sardlobiT yazaxis tyvis ayvana ver SeZles.
muslimi mosaxleobis laSqari gaegzavna. 1801 wlis 20 ivniss ivan lazarevma miiRo
19. lekTa Semosevebi 1801 wlis zafxulSi
zafxulSi.. cnoba, rom axalcixis mxridan mtkvris xeo-
qarTl-kaxeTSi Seqmnili daZabuli viTarebis biT lekebi kvlav SemoiWrnen qarTlSi da Tavs
Tavis sasargeblod gamoyenebas cdilobda iyridnen sofel axalqalaqTan . qarTlisa da
osmaleTic. 1801 wlis 19 marts karl knor- imereTis sazRvarze mdgomi ruseTis jaris
ringi imperator aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda, meTaurma podpolkovnikma fiodor simonoviC-
rom martSi axalcixidan gaaZeves sabud faSafaSa.. ma erTi aseuli sofel breTidan sofel qa-
gaZevebis mizezi is iyo, rom faSa ruseTisadmi relisaken gagzavna, xolo meore _ goridan
loialurad iyo ganwyobili da lekebs ufle- sofel doesisaken
doesisaken.. 1801 wlis 28 ivniss fio-
bas ar aZlevda axalcixidan qarTlSi SeWril- dor simonoviCi ivan lazarevs moaxsenebda,
iyvnen. axalcixis faSa gaxda Serifi
Serifi.. sabud rom man 79 grenaderiT, 48 egeriT, 22 kazakiT
faSam arzrums Seafara Tavi, saidanac daviT da 100 qarTveli mebrZoliT mTebi gadalaxa
batoniSvils sTxovda daxmareba aRmoeCina da gujareTis (mdinare mtkvris marjvena Sena-
axalcixidan Serif faSas gaZevebaSi. daviT kadi) xeobaSi gadavida, raTa gza moeWra ukan-
batoniSvilma sabud faSas gaugzavna yazaxis daxeuli lekebisaTvis. simonoviCma erTi
muslimi mosaxleobis laSqari meliq abovis aseuli kapitan reihis meTaurobiT sofel ax-
meTaurobiT. ivan lazarevma daviT batoniS- alqalaqis dasacavad datova. simonoviCma gai-
vils ubrZana ukan gamoexmo yazaxis laSqari ara mdinare gujareTis xeoba, gverdi auqcia
da amieridan osmaleTis saqmeebSi aRar Ca- osmaleTis sazRvars da Sevida mdinare qciis
reuliyo. amis Semdeg sabud faSam lazarevTan xeobaSi. rogorc moxsenebidan Cans, qciis na-
pirispir Sexvedra iTxova. 1801 wlis 12 iv- piras simonoviCi Sexvda axalcixeSi mimaval
liss lazarevi knorings moaxsenebda, rom igi lekTa razms (760 mebrZols). lekebma Tavis
11 ivliss sabud faSas Sexvda. faSa generals daRweva scades da mdinaris napirs gauyvnen.
arwmunebda ruseTisadmi keTilganwyobaSi. ruseTis jari lekebs daedevna, magram Semdeg
amave dros man knorings uCvena osmaleTis simonoviCma devna Sewyvita, daikava strate-
sulTnis firmani, romelic sabud faSas Ser- giuli adgili Tbilisidan, mcxeTidan, sofle-
if faSas Tavis gagzavnas ubrZanebda. sabud bidan manglisidan, axalqalaqidan da xovledan
faSa lazarevs axalcixeSi dabrunebisaTvis momavali gzebis Sesayarze. simonoviCma rom
brZolaSi daxmarebas sTxovda. sabolood devna Sewyvita, es lekebma rusebis damar-
faSa axalcixeSi ver dabrunda, rac ruseTi- cxebad miiCnies da Setevaze gadmovidnen. le-
saTvis, cxadia, sasurveli ar iyo. kebi damarcxdnen da axalcixisaken daixies.
axalcixidan sabud faSas gaZevebam xel- ivan lazarevi Serif faSas sTxovda Tavi
fexi gauxsna lekebs. maT Serif faSa qarTl- Seekavebina lekebis mxardaWerisagan. 1801
kaxeTis darbevaSi Tanadgomas pirdeboda. wlis 20 seqtembers lazarevi knorings moax-
1801 wlis 31 maiss kapitani savelievi karl senebda, rom Serif faSam gamosca ramdenime
knorings moaxsenebda: 29 maiss lekebma daar- brZaneba, romlebic lekebs ukrZalavda axal-
bies Tbilisis maxloblad, mtkvris marjvena cixis safaSodan qarTlSi SeWras. amave dros
sanapiroze mdebare soflebi, tyved aiyvanes faSa lekebisagan yidulobda qarTvel tyvee-
80 adamiani, garekes jogi (300 suli piru- bs da proviantiT amaragebda lekTa razmebs.
tyvi); 6 ivniss lekebma garekes ruseTis jaris faSa lekTa beladebs saCuqrebsac ugzavnida,
(kazakebis) kuTvnili cxenebi (orive SemTx- raTa am ukanasknelT qarTl-kaxeTze Tavdasx-
vevaSi ruseTis jari lekebs daewia da tyveebi mebi gaegrZelebinaT. Serif faSas ar surda
da nadavli daatovebina). 6 ivliss lekebma sabolood gaefuWebina urTierToba ruseT-
alazani gadmolaxes, tyis masivebiT 5 versze Tan, amitom iyo, rom Tavis marTlebas mihyo
miuaxlovdnen sofel veliscixes da ruseTis xeli. 1801 wlis 5 agvistos lazarevi knor-
jaris yabardos muSketerTa polkis cxenebis ings swerda faSas orpirobis Sesaxeb. Serif
gataceba scades, magram uSedegod, lekebi mi- faSa lazarevs arwmunebda, rom lekebi man ax-
imalnen da Semdeg meored moindomes cxenebis alcixidan gaaZeva, magram maTi nawili yarsis
gataceba, Tumca isev uSedegod; 8 ivliss le- faSam Seifara da TiTqos swored isini esx-
kebi (400 mebrZoli) isev miuaxlovdnen sofel modnen Tavs qarTlsa da kaxeTs.
80
vaxtang guruli
lekebi qarTl-kaxeTis ZarcvasTan er- momavalma sagareo saqmeTa ministrma grafma

Tad ruseTis imperatoris mfarvelobaSi Ses- viqtor koCubeim imperator aleqsandr I-s mi-
vlasac cdilobdnen. 1801 wlis seqtemberSi arTves moxseneba ruseTis imperiasTan qarTl-
lekebma ramdenjerme mimarTes TxovniT ivan kaxeTis samefos SeerTebis mizanSeuwonlobis
lazarevs, raTa am ukanasknels ruseTis im- Sesaxeb. imperatori moxsenebas gaecno da igi
peratorTan eSuamdgomla daRestnis mfarv- saxelmwifo sabWos gadasca. moxseneba vrce-
elobaSi miRebis Taobaze. bolos kaxeTSi myof lia, masSi dasabuTebulia, Tu ratom ar unda
lazarevs lekebma Waridan ori warmomadgene- gauqmdes mefoba qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi da
li gamougzavnes da sTxoves werilobiTi pa- ratom ar unda SeuerTdes igi ruseTis impe-
suxi gaeca daRestnis ruseTis imperatoris rias. moxsenebis avtorebi aRniSnavdnen:
mfarvelobaSi SesvlasTan dakavSirebiT. gen- 1. imperator ekaterina II-s, rodesac qa-
eralma werilobiTi pasuxisagan Tavi Seikava rTl-kaxeTis samefos mfarvelobaSi iRebda,
da Tavisi azri mxolod zepirad gamoTqva. Semdegi miznebi amoZravebda: a) aziis am re-
lekebis warmomadgenlebs ar surdaT werilo- gionSi (samxreT kavkasiaSi _ v. g.) gavlenis
biTi pasuxis miRebis gareSe ukan dabruneba. mopoveba; b) erTmorwmune xalxis mxardaWera;
lazarevma werili dawera, romelSic aRniS- g)regionSi osmaleTis gabatonebis Tavidan
nuli iyo, rom lekebs TavianTi erTgulebis acileba; 2. arasworia is mosazreba, TiTqos
dasamtkiceblad mZevlebi unda miecaT ruse- grigori potiomkinis rCeviT, ekaterina II re-
TisaTvis. WarSi myofma lekma beladebma es gionidan Savi zRvis sanapiros gavliT kon-
werili rom waikiTxes, aRSfoTdnen, werili stantinepolze apirebda Setevas. vinc topo-
nakuwebad aqcies, lazarevisagan dabrunebuli grafiul rukas icnobs, advilad darwmunde-
orive warmomadgenlis saxli gadawves, xolo ba, rom regionidan konstantinepolze Seteva
erT-erTi maTgani mokles. male daRestnelma SeuZlebeli iyo; 3. imperatorma ekaterina II-m
beladebma yarabaRis, Semaxiisa da sxva xanebis aRa mahmad xanis winaaRmdeg iransa da saqarT-
mxardaWera miiRes. lekebma naZarcvi qonebis veloSi jari gagzavna (igulisxmeboda vale-
didi nawili daRestanSi gagzavnes, nawili rian zubovis sardlobiT 1796 wels samxreT-
gadamales da kvlav brZolisaTvis moemzad- aRmosavleT kavkasiasa da iranSi dawyebuli
nen. lazarevi yuradRebiT adevnebda Tvaly- laSqroba _ v. g.), magram pavel I-ma es laSqro-
urs WarSi mokalaTebul lekebs. 1801 wlis 19 ba Sewyvita da 1798 wels qarTl-kaxeTis same-
noembers igi knorings War-belaqanSi jariT foSi ruseTis jaris ori batalioni gaigzavna;
SeWris uflebas sTxovda. knoringma lazarevs 4. 1800 wlis 15 noembers sagareo saqmeTa ko-
amis ufleba ar misca da Tan ubrZana, rom le- legiam ruseTis imperator pavel I-s miarTva
kebisaTvis ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi moxseneba, romlis mixedviT, qarTl-kaxeTis
Sesvla aRar SeeTavazebina. samefoSi 800.000 suli cxovrobda da SesaZle-
ruseTis saimperatoro kari cdilobda beli iyo 25.000-iani jaris gamoyvana. karl
gavlena moexdina osmaleTze. aleqsandr I-ma knorringis cnobiT, es cifrebi Zalze gaz-
osmaleTis sulTans sTxova, rom mas axalcix- viadebulia: qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi 40.000
is faSasaTvis lekebis mfarveloba aekrZala komlia aRricxuli da qveynis mosaxleoba
da Serif faSasaTvis TviTneburi moqmedebis 160.000 suls Seadgens (aleqsandr voroncovi
ufleba ar mieca. imavdroulad imperatori da viqtor koCubei aRniSnavdnen, rom knor-
qarTl-kaxeTSi myofi ruseTis jaris sard- ringi mis mier moyvanili cifrebis sizustis
lobas ubrZanebda, rom lekebis mxridan Tav- garantias ver iZleodnen da qarTl-kaxeTis
dasxmis ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi Suri eZiaT mosaxleoba SeiZleboda ufro naklebic yo-
maTze. filiyo); 5. aRniSnaven, rom TiTqos qarTl-
20. aleqsandr voroncovisa da viqtor kaxeTis mTel mosaxeobas surda ruseTTan
koCubeis moxseneba aleqsandr I-s qarTl-kax- SeerTeba. qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleoba gafan-
eTis samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTis impe- tulia patara soflebSi, xolo Tavadebi da
riasTan SeerTebis mizanSeuwonlobis Sesaxeb. aznaurebi ramdenime partiad arian dayofili.
1801 wlis 24 ivliss ruseTis imperiis vece- am SemTxvevaSi, qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobam
kanclerma, namdvilma saidumlo mrCevelma, erTsulovnad rogor dauWira mxari ruseT-
grafma aleqsandr voroncovma da ruseTis im- Tan SeerTebas? 6. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo sax-
periis saidumlo komitetis wevrma, imperiis lis im wevrebma, romelTac mefobis kanon-
81
ieri ufleba hqondaT, rogor dauWires mxari gavrcelebuli movlenaa;

mefobis gauqmebas da ruseTis imperiasTan meore.. qarTl-kaxeTSi mefis mxardasaW-
meore
qarTl-kaxeTis SeerTebas? 7. qarTl-kaxeTis erad unda darCes ruseTis jaris garkveuli
samefos ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTebas amar- raodenoba, jaris raodenoba gansazRvros ka-
Tleben iq arsebuli sabadoebidan mosalodne- vkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma. mefis arCevis
li mogebiT. arc erT saxelmwifos, romelic Semdeg ruseTis jaris ori batalioni mudmi-
mogebas sxva qveynis teritoriaze arsebuli vad unda imyofebodes qarTl-kaxeTis same-
foSi;
mesame.. gauqmdes ruseTis imperator pav-
mesame
el I-isadmi qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobis mier
micemuli fici. axalma imperatorma manifes-
tiT gamoacxados, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefo
rCeba ruseTis imperiis vasalad da rom im-
peratori qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mudam gauw-
evs mfarvelobas. ruseTis imperatorisadmi
micemuli ficis gauqmeba aRiqmeba Cveulebriv
movlenad, radgan saqarTveloSi ficis gatexa
aravis ukvirs. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos bevr
regionSi qristianuli rwmena sustia, mefeebi
da Tavadebi xSirad Tmobdnen qristianobas
da islamis aRmsareblebi xdebodnen. saxelm-
wifo sabWoSi gamoiTqva azri, rom qarTl-kax-
eTis samefoze Surs iZiebdnen osmaleTi da
irani. osmaleTi imdenad dasustebulia, rom
ruseTis mimarT urCobas ver gamoiCens, rac
Seexeba irans, qarTl-kaxeTSi ruseTis jaris
datovebis SemTxvevaSi Tavdasxmas veRar gabe-
davs. 1795 wels aRa mahmad xani qarTl-kaxeTis
samefos Tavs imitom daesxa, rom iq ruseTis
viqtor koCubei Tundac mcirericxovani jari ar imyofeboda;
meoTxe.. qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi gaigzav-
meoTxe
sabadoebidan eloda, imedi ar gamarTlebia. nos miukerZoebeli samxedro meTauri, mieces
qarTl-kaxeTis sabadoebis damuSaveba ruseTs mas dawvrilebiTi instruqcia imis Sesaxeb, Tu
iq mefobis gauqmebisa da samefos SeerTebis rogor unda Seasrulos zemoT CamoTvlili
gareSec SeuZlia; 8. dausabuTebelia mt- winadadebebi. samxedro meTauris garda, qa-
kiceba, rom TiTqos qarTl-kaxeTis samefos rTl-kaxeTis samefo karze dainiSnos ruseTis
SeerTeba da regionSi reseTis ganmtkiceba imperiis ministri, romelmac Tvalyuri unda
imperias samxreTidan kavkasiis mTielTa Tav- adevnos saqarTvelosa da iranSi ganviTare-
dasxmas aacilebda. Tu kavkasiis mTielebi qa- bul movlenebs. ministrma unda dauyvaos ru-
rTl-kaxeTis samefos gaanadgurebdnen, isini seTis orientaciis iranel xanebs da daiyo-
ruseTs samxreTidan safrTxes mxolod maSin lios isini qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan mego-
Seuqmnidnen, Tu gaerTianebas moaxerxebdnen, bruli urTierTobis damyarebaze;
am xalxebis gaerTieneba ki jer-jerobiT ara- mexuTe.. kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardals
mexuTe
realuria. da qarTl-kaxeTis samefo karze ruseTis impe-
aleqsandr voroncovi da viqtor koCu- riis ministrs daevalos, daxmareba aRmouCi-
bei ruseTis imperators sTavazobdnen: nos, waaxalisos qarTvelebi, somxebi da sxva
pirveli.. memkvidreobis wesis dacviTa,
pirveli xalxebi, raTa maT Cagvrisagan Tavis dacvisa
piradi Tvisebisa da politikuri orientaciis da usafrTxo cxovrebis garantia ruseTSi
gaTvaliswinebiT qarTl-kaxeTis mefobis ori eZion. es xalxebi SeiZleba gansaxldnen ast-
kandidatidan SerCeuli iqnas erTi. mefobis raxanis guberniis sxvadasxva raionSi, kerZod,
kandidati unda SeirCes an SeTanxmebis safuZ- sakuTriv astraxanSi, yizlarsa da mozdokSi;
velze an kenWisyriT, kenWisyra aziaSi sakmaod meeqvse.. ruseTSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefo
meeqvse
82
vaxtang guruli
saxlis wevrebis _ batoniSvilebis _ Senaxva ropaSi imperias Rirseba Seelaxeboda im Sem-

iafi ar dajdeba. Tu romelime batoniSvi- TxvevaSi, Tu ruseTi qarTl-kaxeTs datovebda.
li samefoSi dabrunebas moiTxovs, mas unda knorringis moxsenebidan saxelmwifo sabWo
gamoeyos seriozuli qoneba da mieces us- gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda im adg-
afrTxoebis garantia. maTi usafrTxoeba unda ils, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom qarTl-kaxe-
uzrunvelyos kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardalma Tis mosaxleoba sixaruliT xvdeboda samefos
da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi myofma ruseTis gauqmebas. saxelmwifo sabWos wevrebi arc ki
imperiis ministrma. maTve daevalos, rom ar dainteresebulan, ris safuZvelze akeTebda
dauSvan batoniSvilebis urCoba qarTl-kaxe- karl knorringi aseT daskvnas, sasurveli in-
Tis mefisadmi. formacia maT WeSmaritebad miiCnies. sabWo
aleqsandr voroncovisa da viqtor ko- aseve did mniSvnelobas aniWebda generlis
Cubeis moxseneba seriozuli dokumenti iyo. moxsenebis im nawils, sadac aRniSnuli iyo,
igi Seqmnili viTarebis Rrma da safuZvlian Tu qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleoba rogori sixa-
analizs emyareboda. moxsenebis avtorebi ruliT Sexvda piradad mis Sesvlas TbilisSi,
Soreul perspeqtivaze gaTvlil ruseTis im- rogori sixaruliT monawileobda xalxi ru-
periis axali kavkasiuri politikis princi- seTis imperatorisadmi ficis dadebaSi: karl
pebs ayalibebdnen, regionSi ruseTis damkvi- knoringma kargad icoda, rom saxelmwifo
drebis tradiciul (dapyrobiT) strategiul sabWo am sicruesac WeSmaritebad miiCnevda.
kursis ufro loialuri politikiT Secvlas knorringi Tavis moxsenebaSi arc imas malav-
cdilobdnen. ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo da, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis calkeu-
sabWom, romlis wevrTa umravlesoba konser- li wevri da TavadTa nawili ewinaaRmdegeboda
vatorulad azrovnebda da siaxles eWviT uy- ruseTTan SeerTebas.
SeerTebas. saxelmwifo sabWos karl
urebda, aleqsandr voroncovisa da viqtor knorringis moxsenebis am nawilisaTvis yur-
koCubeis Sexedulebebs mxari ar dauWira. adReba ar miuqcevia.
21. ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo sabWos kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardali aRniSnav-
1801 wlis 8 agvistos sxdoma.
sxdoma. aleqsandr vo- da, rom qarTl-kaxeTSi im droisaTvis (1801
roncovisa da viqtor koCubeis moxseneba, wlis zafxuli _ v. g.) arsebuli jaris mud-
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aleqsandr I-ma sax- mivad Senaxva ruseTisaTvis usargeblo da
elmwifo sabWos gadasca. 1801 wlis 8 agvis- mxolod zaralis momtani iqneboda. jaris es
tos ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo sabWom odenoba qveyanaSi SinaaSlilobisa da mezo-
kvlav ganixila qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruse- beli saxelmwifoebis Tavdasxmebis aRsakve-
Tis imperiasTan SeerTebis mizanSewonilobis Tad ar ikmarebda. karl knorringi sagange-
sakiTxi. sabWos wevrebma moismines ori mox- bod Cerdeboda samefo taxtis maZieblebze.
seneba: 1. kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal gen- generali aRniSnavda, rom mefobaze preten-
eral-leitenant karl knorringisa _ qarTl- zias acxadebda erekle II-is vaJi batoniSvili
kaxeTis samefoSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb; iuloni da giorgi XII-is vaJi batoniSvili da-
2. ruseTis imperator aleqsandr I-Tvis 1801 viTi. mefe erekles anderZis mixedviT, taxti
wlis 24 ivliss aleqsandr voroncovisa da iulon batoniSvils ekuTvnoda, magram jer
viqtor koCubeis mier wardgenili moxseneba kidev giorgi XII-is sicocxleSi pavel I-is
ruseTis imperiasTan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mier taxtis memkvidred daviT batoniSvili
SeerTebis mizanSeuwonlobis Sesaxeb. iyo damtkicebuli. knorringis azriT, mefo-
karl knorringis moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli bis ori kandidatidan nebismieris mxardaWera
iyo: Tu qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTi ar Sei- imas niSnavda, rom qveyanaSi SfoTi da SinaaSli-
erTebda, igi daiRupeboda samefo saxlSi ar- loba gagrZeldeboda. yovelive zemoRqmuli-
sebuli dapirispirebiT, SinaaSlilobiTa da dan gammomdinare, karl knorringi askvnida:
mezobeli mtacebeli xalxebisa da saxelmwi- qarTl-kaxeTs daRupvisagan mxolod ruseTTan
foebis TavdasxmebiT. knorringi Tvlida, rom SeerTeba ixsnida, xolo TviT SeerTebis faqtSi
samefo saxli mosaxleobis nebis winaaRmdeg usamarTlo araferi iyo.
moqmedebda, radgan am ukanasknels ruseTTan saxelmwifo sabWom mousmina ruseTis im-
SeerTeba surda. generali sagangebod aRniS- periis vice-kancler aleqsandr voroncovs.
navda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos SeerTebiT misi gamosvla emyareboda 1801 wlis 24 iv-
ar Seilaxeboda ruseTis Rirseba, aziasa da ev- liss imperatorisaTvis mirTmeul moxsenebas.
83
gamosvlis daskvniT nawilSi vice-kanclerma boda. jaris dislokacia aseTi iyo:

aRniSna, rom miuReblad miiCnevda qarTl- 1. kavkasiis grenaderTa polkis 1
kaxeTis samefos ruseTTan SeerTebas Semde- batalioni (3 aseuli) idga TbilisSi TbilisSi,, 1
gi mizezebis gamo: 1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos batalioni (3 aseuli, 1 zarbazani) _ gorSigorSi,, 1
SeerTebis xarjze ruseTis imperiis terito- aseuli _ suramSi
suramSi,, 1 aseuli _ cxinvalSi
cxinvalSi.. sur-
riis gazrda momgebianad ver miiCneoda, radgan amSi myof aseuls hqonda 1 savele zarbazani;
imperia isedac uzarmazar teritorias flob- 2. Tbilisis muSketerTa polkis 1 aseuli
da; 2. mefobis gauqmeba qarTl-kaxeTSi ar Sei- idga sofel sagarejoSi
sagarejoSi,, 1 aseuli _ sofel
Zleboda, radgan samefo sagvareulo arCeviTi xaSmSi,, 1 aseuli _ sofel patarZeulSi
xaSmSi patarZeulSi,, 1
ki ar iyo, aramed _ memkvidreobiTi, ris gamoc aseuli _ sofel martyofSi
martyofSi,, 1 aseuli _
mefobis gauqmeba samefo saxlis uflebis Se- sofel manavSi
manavSi,, 1 batalioni _ borCalosa da
laxva, anu usamarTloba, iqneboda. zemoTqmu- Sulavris soflebSi;
lidan gamomdinare, aleqsandr voroncovi 3. yabardos muSketerTa polkis 1 aseu-
saxelmwifo sabWos sTavazobda: 1. qarTl- li (1 zarbazniT) idga TelavSi
TelavSi,, 1 aseuli _
kaxeTis samefo unda darCes ruseTis imperiis sofel veliscixeSi
veliscixeSi,, 1 aseuli (1 zarbazniT) _
vasalad im pirobiT, romliTac ekaterina II-is sofel yvarelSi
yvarelSi,, 1 aseuli _ sofel SildaSi
SildaSi,,
dros igi gaxda ruseTis vasali (igulisxmeba 1 aseuli (1 zarbazniT) _ sofel jugaanSi jugaanSi,,
1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatis pirobe- 1 aseuli (1 zarbazniT) _ sofel anagasa da
bi. _ v. g.); 2. qarTl-kaxeTSi myofi ruseTis sofel kardenaxSi
kardenaxSi;
jari unda icavdes wesrigs qveyanaSi, da mis 4. egerTa me-17 polkis 1 batalioni (2
daniSnulebas ar Seadgens mezobeli saxelm- zarbazniT) idga TbilisSi
TbilisSi,, 2 aseuli _ du-
wifoebisa da xalxebis Tavdasxmebis aRkveTa; SeTSi,, 1 aseuli _ sofel qarelSi
SeTSi qarelSi,, 1 aseuli (1
3. ruseTis saimperatoro kars TbilisSi unda zarbazniT) _ sofel kodaSi
kodaSi;
hyavdes Tavisi sruluflebiani warmomad- 5. donis kazakTa jaris me-2 polki,
geneli, romelic iqneba qarTl-kaxeTSi myofi 10-40-kacian jgufebad ganawilebuli, iyo
ruseTis jaris meTauri, amave dros, xels imave soflebsa da qalaqebSi, sadac dislo-
Seuwyobs samefo saxlis wevrebis Serigebas cirebuli iyo ruseTis qveiTi jaris zemoT
da daicavs mosaxleobas Zalmomreobisagan; 4. CamoTvlili batalionebi da aseulebi;
daviT batoniSvilsa da mis biZebs Soris ar- 23. aleqsandr I-is 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris
sebuli mtroba unda moispos erekle II-is an- manifesti. ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo sab-
manifesti
derZis safuZvelze. Wos 1801 wlis 8 agvistos gadawyvetilebis
ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo sabWom 1801 Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebasTan
wlis 8 agvistos mxari dauWira qarTl-kaxeTis dakavSirebiT momzadda ramdenime dokumen-
samefos gauqmebasa da ruseTis imperiasTan ti. umTavresi iyo ruseTis imperatoris 1801
SeerTebas.. winaaRmdegi gamovidnen impera-
SeerTebas wlis 12 seqtembris manifesti qarTl-kaxeTis
tor aleqsandre I-is uaxloesi megobrebi da samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTis imperia-
favoritebi aleqsandr voroncovi,
voroncovi, viqtor sTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb. manifestis teqstis
koCubei da adam Cartoriski.
Cartoriski. saxelmwifo sab- proeqti moamzada platon zubovma.zubovma. doku-
Wom ufro dasabuTebulad cno kavkasiis xa- ments aleqsandr I-ma xeli moawera moskovSi.
zis mTavarsardal general-leitenant karl igi maSinve iTargmna qarTul enaze.
knorringis mosazreba da ar gaiziara ale- manifestis pirvel nawilSi aleqsandr
qsandr voroncovisa da viqtor koCubeis mox- I cdilobda daesabuTebina ruseTisaTvis
senebaSi moyvanili sayuradRebo dasabuTebe- politikuri TvalsazrisiT momgebiani de-
bi, aseve adam Cartoriskis argumentebi. ale- buleba imis Taobaze, rom qarTl-kaxeTis
qsandr I saxelmwifo sabWos daeTanxma. samefos gauqmeba ganpirobebuli iyo imiT,
22. qarTl-kaxeTSi ruseTis jaris raode- rom samefos damoukideblad arsebobis ara-
nobis gazrda.
gazrda. karl knoringma Tbilisi 1801 nairi SesaZlebloba aRar hqonda. qarTl-kaxe-
wlis ivnisSi datova, 15 ivniss igi ukve kavka- Tis samefos dasustebis mizezad manifestSi
siis xazze imyofeboda, saidanac maleve gae- dasaxelebulia islamis aRmsarebeli saxelm-
mgzavra peterburgSi. knorringis Tbilisidan wifoebisa da xalxebis ganuwyveteli Tavdasx-
gamgzavrebis droisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTSi ru- mebi da samefoSi Camovardnili uTanxmoeba,
seTis jaris seriozuli kontingenti imyofe- SuRli da mtroba. aleqsandr I-is azriT,
84
vaxtang guruli
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gardauvali daRupva moT Tqmuls, roca amtkicebda, „SeWrvebulTa

eloda: ``SeerTebiTa
SeerTebiTa yovlisa mis borotebisaTa vedrebam“ aiZula igi qarTl-kaxeTSi mefoba
ara Tu oden eri, aramed TiTqmis saxeliTa qa- gaeuqmebina da rusuli mmarTveloba SemoeRo.
rTlosanTa, pirvelve gulovnobiTa didebuli imperatori darwmunebuli iyo, rom rusul
yovelsa aziasa Sina, aRifxvreboda pirisagan mmarTvelobas „eZlosca damyareba marTlmsa-
qveyanisa“. manifesti qarTvelebs Seaxsenebda, julebisa, nivTisa da saqonlisa uSiSroebisa,
rom ufskrulis piras mdgarT mravaljer da micemad TviToeulisa dacva sjulisasa.“
uTxoviaT Svela ruseTisaTvis : `mdgomelni mdgomelni aleqsandr I mosaxleobas acnobebda, rom man
ufskrulsa Sina araerTgzis uwoddiT Tqven qarTl-kaxeTis „upirates mmarTebelad“ dan-
mfarvelobasa rossiisasa“. aleqsandr I sa- iSna da sagangebo uflebebiT aRWurva gener-
gangebod aRniSnavda, rom taxtze asvlisas al-leitenanti karl knorringi. kidev erTi
mas xelmowerili daxvda manifesti qarTl- dapireba, romliTac imperatori qarTl-kax-
kaxeTis samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseT- eTis mosaxleobis gulis mogebas cdilobda
cdilobda::
Tan SeerTebis Sesaxeb, romelic 1801 wlis 18 „vsasoebT, viTarmed Tqven, morwmuneni mmarTe-
ianvars gamocxadda kidec. miuxedavad amisa, blobisa amis, ueWvelad sagrilisa qveSe mis da-
imperators gamoukvlevia, SeiZleboda Tu ara sabamsave moipovebT gansvenebasa da uSiSroe-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo Zveli mmarTvelobis basa da Semdgomad keTildReobasa da uxvebasa.“
Seucvlelad darCeniliyo ruseTis mfarv- cxadia, aleqsandr I-ma icoda, samefos
elobaSi. manifestSi aRniSnulia, rom qarTl- gauqmeba da rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoReba
kaxeTSi arsebuli SinaaSlilobis pirobebSi sruliad bunebriv SiSsa da undoblobas gaa-
samefoSi arsebuli mmarTvelobis SenarCuneba Cenda mosaxleobis sxvadasxva fenaSi. saWiro
aRar SeiZleboda, radgan qveyana ufskru- iyo garkveuli garantiebis micema. mani-
lis piras idga da misi xsna mxolod Zlier festSi vkiTxulobT: „TviToeuli darCebis
xelmwifes SeeZlo : `pirispir,
pirispir, esoden gzis mig- upiratesobasa Tana mdgomareobisa TvisisaTa,
zidnaT Tqven fskersa Sina borotebisasa, rom- Tavisuflad da Seuxebelad sarwmunoebisa da
lisa kiudursa zedaca dRes sdgexarT Tqven, sakuTarisa Tvisisa Tana.“ manifesti mamulisa
da romelsa Sinaca yovelTa gamoxatvaTamebr da qonebis xelSeuxeblobas aRuTqvamda ba-
gSvenisT Tqven STacvivna, ukeTu Zlieri xeli toniSvilebs, Tu isini ruseTis imperato-
marTlisa xelmwifebisa ara SegipyrobsT Tqven ris erTgulebaze daificebdnen da fics ar
dacemisa amisagan.“ aleqsandr I acxadebda, rom daarRvevdnen. imperatori iTxovda damt-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos umZimesma mdgomareo- kicebuli ficis nimuSis mixedviT qarTl-
bam gadaawyvetina mas, marTlmadidebeli eri kaxeTis mosaxleobas misTvis erTguleba
gansacdelSi ar mietovebina: „... „...ara
ara dauteoT da Seefica. daficeba evaleboda samRvdeloebas,
ara mivsceT msxverplad gansacdelisa ena erT- romelsac mrevlisaTvis piradad unda mieca
morwmuneTa, momcemelTa xvedrisa Tvisisa did magaliTi: „samRvdeloTa, viTarca mwyemsTa
sulisa ruseTsa safarvelisadmi.“ am Sesavlis sulisa Tana, pirvelad SvenisT micema magali-
Semdeg imperatori qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Tisa.“
mosaxleobas hpirdeboda
hpirdeboda:: `ganRviZebuli
ganRviZebuli imedi manifestis dasasruls aleqsandr I cdi-
Tqveni ara iqmnebis motyuebuli amgzis.“ zemoT lobda dapirebebiT moexibla qarTl-kaxeTis
aRvniSneT, aleqsandr I amtkicebda, rom igi mosaxleoba: „ukanasknel, raTa scnaT Tqven
upiratesad qarTl-kaxeTis samefos intere- fasi mmarTeblobisa, raTa daeSenos Soris
sebidan gamomdinare moqmedebda. imaves imeo- Tqvensa mSvidoba, marTlmsajuleba, rwmuneba,
rebda imperatori manifestis meore nawilSi: viTarca nivTTa, esreTve saqonlisaca, raTa
„ara aRirZinebisaTvis ZalTa, ara nivTTaTvis, moispos TviTmmarTeblobai da mxecebrivi
ara ganvrcelebisaTvis sazRvarTa, da esreTca uTanxmoeba, raTa iqceodes TviToeuli um-
ukve vrcelisa qveyanasa zeda imperiasa Sina, jobesTa sargebelTa TvisTa da sazogadoebi-
miviRebT CvenTvis zeda tvirTsa saqarTvelos sadmi Tavisuflad daubrkolebelad, Sromis
samefosa marTebelobisasa
marTebelobisasa.“ .“ aleqsandr I aRniS- moyvarebdes miwisa muSakobasa, ganzraxvaTa,
navda, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gadarCena vaWrobaTa da xelTsaqmeTa Sina, sagrilsa qveSe
misi saRvTo vali iyo iyo:: `mxolod
mxolod pativi da ka- sjulTa, yovelTa Tanaswor mfarvelTasa.“
cobrioba sdeben Cvenzeda saRmrTosa valsa“. im dapirebebis fonze, romlebic uxvad
imperatori isev imeorebda nawilobriv ze- gasca imperatorma, komikuric ki Canda ale-
85
qsandr I-is TiTqosda mokrZlalebuli si- foebs (qarTul samefo-samTavroebs) mospo-

tyvebi: „naSTi da keTildReoba Tqveni iqmnebis bdnen, maSin Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebs Zlieri
mxolod jildod CvenTvis.“ zurgi eqmnebodaT da iran-osmaleTis mxridan
24. 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestis daxmarebas ufro efeqturad miiRebdnen. ase
Sefaseba. ruseTis imperator ekaterina II-is rom, samxreT kavkasiis qristianuli saxelmwi-
mier 1783 wels qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ru- foebis SenarCuneba xels Seuwyobda ruseTis
seTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi miReba ar yo- warmatebas Crdilo kavkasiaSi. cxadia, yove-
fila erekle II-is xangrZlivi da mravalgzi- live es kargad esmodaT iransa da osmaleTSi.
si Txovnis Sedegi. georgievskis traqtatis sakiTxi ase idga: vin moipovebda poziciebs
dadebis droisaTvis ruseTs ukve seriozuli samxreT kavkasiaSi _ iran-osmaleTi Tu ru-
poziciebi hqonda mopovebuli CrdiloeT Sav- seTi? dasustebuli, Zlier centralur xe-
izRvispireTSi. damarcxebuli osmaleTi, cxa- lisuflebas moklebuli da, faqtobrivad,
dia, ar epueboda CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTSi saxanoebad daSlili irani uaxloes xanebSi
poziciebis Sesustebas, gansakuTrebiT ru- ruseTs konkurencias ver gauwevda. samagi-
seTis mier yirimis saxanos dapyrobas. ekat- erod, saSiSi iyo osmaleTi, romelic imere-
erina II cdilobda ara marto mopovebuli Tis samefos Tavis savasalod miiCnevda da
warmatebis SenarCunebas, aramed osmaleTis ar iyo gamoricxuli, iranis dasustebis pi-
CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTidan savsebiT gan- robebSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Tavis sava-
devnas da niadagis momzadebas balkaneTSi salod gadaqcevaze ezruna, es ki seriozuli
SeWrisaTvis. yovelive es imas niSnavda, rom dartyma iqneboda ruseTisaTvis. 1772 wels
ruseT-osmaleTis morigi omis dawyeba Sors erekle II-m oficialurad iTxova ruseTis im-
aRar iyo. aseT viTarebaSi ruseTs didi periis mfarvelobaSi Sesvla, magram aTi wlis
Tavsatexi gauCina Crdilo kavkasiis islamis ganmavlobaSi amaod eloda Txovnis dakmayo-
aRmsarebeli xalxebis brZolam damoukide- filebas. aTi wlis Semdeg Seqmnilma viTare-
blobis SenarCunebisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad bam ekaterina II aiZula TviTon daeCqarebina
SeiZleba ruseTis saimperatoro kars arcTu qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis imperiis
ise Znelad miaCnda Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebis mfarvelobaSi miReba. osmaleTisa da iranis
damorCileba. ganvlilma aTwleulebma daa- mxridan samxreT kavkasiis dapyrobis realuri
dastura, rom es varaudi swori ar iyo, re- safrTxe rom ar yofiliyo, rac gaarTulebda
gionis dasapyrobad saWiro gaxda xangrZlivi ruseTis brZolas Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebis
omis warmoeba. osmaleTTan omis momlodine dasamorCileblad, ekaterina II qarTl-kaxeTis
ruseTs Crdilo kavkasiis mTiswineTsa da samefos mfarvelobaSi miRebas kidev didi xniT
mTebSi didi omis wamowyeba ar SeeZlo. azo- gadadebda. meore mizezi, ramac ruseTis im-
vis zRvidan (azovis simagridan) kaspiis zR- perators qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseTis
vamde (astraxanis simagremde) ruseTma Seqmna mfarvelobaSi miReba gadaawyvetina, iyo is,
gamagrebuli xazi _ kavkasiis xazi. kavkasiis rom Crdilo kavkasiis damorCilebis Semdeg
xazis mTavarsardals evaleboda periodu- ruseTs iranisa da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg efeq-
lad samxedro eqspediciebis mowyoba Crdilo turi brZolisa da maxlobel aRmosavleTSi
kavkasiis im xalxebis winaaRmdeg, romelTac poziciebis mopovebisaTvis samxreT kavkasiaSi
ruseTis mfarvelobasa Tu qveSevrdomo- placdarmi sWirdeboda. Tu osmaleTis daSla-
baSi Sesvla ar surdaT. kavkasiis xazze ru- danawilebis proeqtis (saberZneTis proeqtis)
seTis jaris raodenoba icvleboda, magram, realizeba daiwyeboda, ruseTi Seecdeboda
mTlianobaSi, ruseTs aq seriozuli samxedro samxreT kavkasiis qristianuli saxelmwifoebi-
Zala arasodes hyolia da igi 20 aTasidan 30 sa (qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis) da xalxebis
aTasamde meryeobda. CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi (somxebis, asirielebis) osmaleTis winaaRmdeg
winsvlis Seferxeba, cxadia, arasasiamovno brZolaSi gamoyenebas.
iyo ruseTisaTvis. viTarebas amZimebda is, rom georgievskis traqtatiT nakisri valde-
ruseTis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli Crdilo kavka- bulebis Sesruleba ruseTisaTvis advili ar
siis islamis aRmsarebeli xalxebis bunebrivi iyo. pirvel rigSi, es exeba qarTl-kaxeTis
mokavSireebi iyvnen osmaleTi da irani. Tu samefoSi jaris gamogzavnas, mis Sesanax xar-
osmaleTi da irani samxreT kavkasias daipy- jebsa da jaris usafrTxoebas. rusuli mxare
robdnen da regionis qristianul saxelmwi- yvelanairad ecada qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi
86
vaxtang guruli
gamosagzavni samxedro kontingentis raode- kidev erTxel dairRva georgievskis traqtati

noba minimumamde Seemcirebina. qveiTi jaris _ aRa mahmad xanis winaaRmdeg ruseTma qarTl-
or batalionsa da oTx savale (msubuq) zarba- kaxeTis samefos jari ar moaSvela, riTac
zans mxolod simboluri mniSvneloba hqonda mfarvelobaSi miRebuli qveyana gawira.
da veranairad ver aZlierebda qarTl-kaxeTis 1796 wlis gazafxulidan ekaterina II
samefos samxedro potencials. realurad, iranis daSla-danawilebis gegmis realizebas
erekle II-s ruseTis jaris bevrad meti raode- Seudga. qarTl-kaxeTis samefom kvlav moipova
noba, 10-12.000 oficeri da jariskaci (qvei- funqcia ruseTis aRmosavlur politikaSi.
Ti jari da kavaleria), aseve saalyo (mZime) ruseTis jari samxreT-aRmosavleT kavkasiis
zarbaznebi sWirdeboda. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT gavliT iranSi SeiWra, misi nawili ki erekle
imas, rom kavkasiis xazze ruseTs arcTu ise II-is dasaxmareblad gamoigzavna. 1796 wlis
didi jari (20.000-30.000 oficeri da jariska- noemberSi ekaterina II gardaicvala. impera-
ci) hyavda, cxadia, did samxedro kontingents torma pavel I-ma iranis winaaRmdeg laSqroba
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi ver ganalagebda. ja- Sewyvita da jari kavkasiis xazze daabruna.
ris gamogzavnasTan erTad, gadasaWreli iyo qarTl-kaxeTis samefom ruseTis aRmosavlur
ori mniSvnelovani problema: ruseTis jaris politikaSi funqcia isev dakarga.
Sesanaxi xarjebis gaRebis aranairi SesaZle- 1785 wels omar xanis laSqrobam da 1795
bloba erekle II-s ar gaaCnda. rusuli mxare wels aRa mahmad xanis Semosevam qarTl-kax-
ori batalionis Sesanax xarjebs Zlivs audio- eTis samefo umZimes mdgomareobaSi Caagdo.
da da, cxadia, didi samxedro kontingentis mterma daxoca an tyved waiyvana uamravi ada-
saqarTveloSi Senaxvas ruseTis imperatori miani, aranaklebi Seewira momdevno wlebSi
ar daeTanxmeboda. meorec, Crdilo kavka- gavrcelebul Savi Wiris epidemias; moiSala
siis xazidan saqarTveloSi ruseTis jaris qveynis ekonomika, Semosavlis ararsebobis
gadmoyvanas didad aferxebda da xSirad Seu- pirobebSi dacarielda xazina; dauZlurda
Zlebels xdida cudi gzebi da mkacri klima- qarTuli jari, romlis brZolisunariano-
turi pirobebi, aseve, CeCnebisa da inguSebis bis aRdgena veRar xerxdeboda. yovelive amas
mier gzis garkveul monakveTze drodadro zed erTvoda erekle II-is sicocxlis bolo
kontrolis daweseba. 1783-1787 wlebSi qa- wlebSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlSi Cam-
rTl-kaxeTis samefoSi myofma ruseTis jaris ovardnili uTanxmoeba, dapirispireba samefo
orma batalionma Tavisi misia ver Seasrula saxlis wevrebs Soris. 1798 wlis ianvarSi er-
_ miuxedavad ramdenime gamarjvebisa, qveyana ekle II gardaicvala. qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi
lekTa gamanadgurebeli Semosevebisagan ver daiwyo xelisuflebisaTvis brZola, romelic
daicva. mas Semdeg, rac osmaleTis daSla- samefos gauqmebamde ar Sewyvetila. ukve se-
danawilebis proeqtis (saberZneTis proeqtis) riozulad avadmyofi giorgi XII samefoSi
forsirebulad ganxorcieleba mizanSeuwon- wesrigis aRdgenas veRar axerxebda. qveyanaSi
lad iqna miCneuli, qarTl-kaxeTis samefom daisadgura ukanonobam da Zaladobam, moiSa-
ruseTis aRmosavlur politikaSi funqcia da- la centraluri da adgilobrivi mmarTvelo-
karga. amas daemata is, rom moaxloebul omSi ba, sasamarTlo sistema, kidev ufro daeca
ruseTma samxreT kavkasiidan osmaleTis wi- qarTuli jaris brZolisunarianoba. yove-
naaRmdeg seriozul sabrZolo moqmedebebze live es xdeboda iranis mxridan mosalodneli
uari Tqva. aseT viTarebaSi ekaterina II-m aRar agresiis pirobebSi.
isurva qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi ruseTis ja- ruseTis saimperatoro kari yuradRebiT
ris mcire kontingentis Senaxvac ki da 1787 akvirdeboda mimdinare movlenebs
movlenebs.. qarTl-
wels orive rusuli batalioni kavkasiis xaz- kaxeTis samefos ruseTis aRmosavlur poli-
ze daabruna. qarTl-kaxeTidan ruseTis jaris tikaSi aranairi funqcia aRar gaaCnda da arc
gayvaniT, faqtobrivad, dairRva georgievskis Sansi arsebobda amgvari funqciis mopovebisa.
traqtatis (1783 w.) erT-erTi umTavresi piroba.
piroba. ruseTis saimperatoro karze kargad uwyod-
miuxedavad amisa, ekaterina II qarTl-kaxeTis nen, rom georgievskis traqtatis pirobebis
samefos gauqmebasa da mis ruseTTan SeerTe- mravalgzis darRvevisa da aRa mahmad xanis
bas ar apirebda, Tumca qarTl-kaxeTSi geor- Semosevis dros mfarvelobaSi miRebuli qvey-
gievskis traqtatiT gaTvaliswinebuli jaris nis mitovebis gamo TbilisSi sul ufro Zli-
gamogzavnisaganac Tavs ikavebda. 1795 wels erdeboda rusuli orientaciis uaryofisa da
87
osmaleTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis miswrafeba. xelSekrulebis dadebasac xels aRaraferi

aseT viTarebaSi ruseTis imperator pavel I-s uSlida, imperatorma 1800 wlis 18 dekembers,
an georgievskis traqtatis pirobebi unda Sees- e. i. giorgi XII-is gardacvalebamde aTi dRiT
rulebina, an osmaleTisaTvis daeswro da qa- adre, xeli moawera manifests qarTl-kaxeTis
rTl-kaxeTis samefo SeeerTebina.
SeeerTebina. ase nel-nela samefos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTis imperia-
momwifda azri qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gau- sTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb. 1801 wlis 18 ianvars
qmebisa da misi ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTebis manifesti gamoqveynda peterburgSi, xolo 16
Sesaxeb. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis Tebervals _ TbilisSi. 1801 wlis 11-12 marts,
gzaze pavel I-Tvis mniSvnelovan dabrkolebas RamiT, SeTqmulebma pavel I mokles, ris gamoc
warmoadgenda georievskis traqtati. kavkasi- qarTl-kaxeTSi manifestiT gaTvaliswinebuli
is xazis mTavarsardalma general-leitenent- rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoReba Seferxda.
ma karl knoringma, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo aleqsandr I, pavel I-gan gansxvavebiT,ufro
karze ruseTis imperiis sruluflebianma war- seriozulad miudga qarTl-kaxeTis same-
momadgenelma (ministrma) piotr kovalenskim fos gauqmebis sakiTxs. misTvis, politikuri
da qarTl-kaxeTSi ganlagebuli ruseTis ja- TvalsazrisiT, savsebiT misaRebi iyo 1800
ris meTaurma general-maiorma ivan lazarevma wlis 18 dekembris manifesti, axal impera-
miiRes saidumlo miTiTeba, rom avadmyofo- tors mxolod am manifestis samarTlebrivi
bisagan ukiduresad dauZlurebuli, darejan mxare afiqrebda. Seqmnil viTarebaSi qarTl-
dedofalTan da ZmebTan dapirispirebiT daR- kaxeTis samefosTan georgievskis traqtatis
lili giorgi XII georgievskis traqtatis Sem- Semcvleli xelSekrulebis dadebaze fiqric ar
cvleli axali xelSekrulebis dadebaze dae- SeiZleboda, radgan qarTl-kaxeTs ukve monarqi
TanxmebinaT. axali xelSekrulebiT, „mfarv-
„mfarv- aRar hyavda. maSasadame, qarTl-kaxeTis same-
eloba““ „qveSevrdomobiT“
eloba „qveSevrdomobiT“unda
unda Secvliliyo. fos ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomad miReba
mfarveloba suverenitetis umTavresi niSnebis veRar moxerxdeboda, imperatori Cixidan
SenarCunebas iTvaliswinebda, xolo qveSevr- sxva gziT unda gamosuliyo. aleqsandr I-ma
domoba TiTqmis mTlianad gamoricxavda suve- xeli daibana da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos bedis
renitets. rusebma miaRwies imas, rom giorgi gadawyveta saxelmwifo sabWos miando. impera-
XII-m qveSevrdomoba iTxova, magram 1800 wlis torma SesaniSnavad icoda, rom saxelmwifo
28 dekembers mefis gardacvalebam ruseTis sabWos wevrTa absoluturi umravlesoba ka-
imperiasa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Soris vkasiis xazis mTavarsardal general-leiten-
axali xelSekrulebis dadeba SeuZlebeli ant karl knorringis azrs iziarebda, rac qa-
gaxada. georgievskis traqtati ZalaSi darCa. rTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebas gulisxmobda.
giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTl- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos SeerTebis mowinaaRm-
kaxeTis samefo taxtze misi ufrosi vaJi davi- degeni, aleqsandr voroncovi, viqtor koCu-
Ti unda asuliyo. ruseTis saimperatoro kar- bei da adam Cartoriski, saxelmwifo sabWos
ma daviT giorgis Zis gamefeba ar dauSva. 1800 gadawyvetilebaze gavlenas ver moaxdend-
wlis 28 dekembridan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos nen. sabWos ramdenime sxdomam 1801 wlis 11
legitimuri umaRlesi xelisufali ar hyolia. aprils, 15 aprils, 22 aprilsa da 8 agvistos
realurad samefos kavkasiis xazis mTavarsar- xangrZliv da cxare kamaTSi Caiara. saxelm-
dali general-leitenanti karl knorringi da wifo sabWoze, martivad rom vTqvaT, sakiTxi
ruseTis jaris meTauri general-maiori ivan ase dadga, _ Tu ruseTi uars ityoda qarTl-
lazarevi ganagebdnen. aseT viTarebaSi br- kaxeTis samefos SeerTebaze, saxelmwifo sabWo
Zola samefo taxtis dauflebisaTvis kidev aseT perspeqtivas xedavda: 1. qarTl-kaxeTs
ufro gaZlierda. viTarebas arTulebda is, SeierTebda an osmaleTi, an irani; 2. samxreT
rom pavel I-is mier jer kidev giorgi XII-is kavkasiaSi iranisa da osmaleTis gabatonebis
sicocxleSi taxtis memkvidred daviT gior- SemTxvevaSi gaZneldeboda Crdilo kavkasiis
gis Zeiyo damtkicebuli, xolo erekle II-is xalxebis damorCileba; 3. ruseTi kargavda
anderZis mixedviT, taxtze iulon erekles Ze iranisa da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolve-
unda asuliyo. lad da maxlobel aRmosavleTSi gasaWrelad
pavel I aCqarda. radgan peterburgSi mniSvnelovan placdarms. cxadia, movlenaTa
ukve miRebuli hqondaT giorgi XII-is Txovna aseTi ganviTareba miuRebeli iyo saxelmwifo
qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Taobaze da axali sabWosaTvis. amitom iyo, rom sabWom qarTl-
88
vaxtang guruli
kaxeTis samefos SeerTebas dauWira mxari. aR- mzaddeboda ori monarqis, ori samefo saxlis
aravis gaxsenebia aleqsandr voroncovis, viq- xangrZlivi urTierTobiT, igi momzadda da
tor koCubeisa da adam Cartoriskis argumen- daido im dros saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi
tirebuli pozicia. es moRvaweebi imperators arsebuli yvela wesis dacviT. ruseTis imper-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebasa da mis ru- atorma ekaterina II-m da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe
seTTan SeerTebas ar urCevdnen. saxelmwifo erekle II-m moaxdines traqtatis ratifikacia
sabWos 1801 wlis 8 agvistos gadawyvetile- da stamburad dabeWdili traqtatis teqsti
bas imperatori daeTanxma. ase momzadda 1801 ruseTis saimperatoro karma oficialurad
wlis 12 seqtembris manifesti. gadasca im saxelmwifoebis elCebs, romlebT-
ruseTis imperator aleqsandr I-is 1801 anac ruseTs diplomatiuri urTierToba
wlis 12 seqtembris manifesti, iseve, rogorc hqonda.. yovelive es ekaterina II-is Svils, im-
hqonda
imperator pavel I-is 1800 wlis 18 dekembris perator pavel I-s, da SviliSvil aleqsandr I-s,
manifesti, warmoadgenda erTi monarqis mier rogorc monarqebs, avaldebulebda daecvaT
meore monarqis, erTi samefo dinastiis mier maTi winamorbedi monarqis (dedis, bebiis) mier
meore samefo dinastiis uflebis Selaxvas, dadebuli xelSekruleba. aRarafers vambobT
danaSauls.. ruseTis imperatorebis mier Ca-
danaSauls imaze, rom ruseTis orive monarqi, pavel I da
denili danaSauli kidev ufro mZimdeboda aleqsandr I, valdebuli iyo ar Seelaxa mis
imiT, rom qmedeba Cadenili iyo erTmorwmune, mfarvelobaSi nebayoflobiT Sesuli monar-
marTlmadidebeli samefo saxlisa da eris qebis, erekle II-isa da giorgi XII-is, uflebe-
winaaRmdeg. danaSauls amZimebda isic, rom bi, ar gaeuqmebina uZvelesi samefo dinastia.
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo 1783 wlidan ormxri- yovelive es pavel I-sa da aleqsandr I-s ar
vi xelSekrulebis (georgievskis traqtatis) gauTvaliswinebiaT da qarTl-kaxeTis same-
ZaliT ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi imy- fos gauqmebisa da misi ruseTTan SeerTebis
ofeboda. traqtatis meeqvse muxlis ZaliT, sakiTxi gadawyvites ruseTis imperiis kavka-
qarTl-kaxeTSi erekle II-isa da misi STamoma- siuri da zogadad, aRmosavluri politikis
vlobis mefoba „ucualeblad
„ucualeblad““ unda yofil- konteqstSi.
iyo SenarCunebuli. georgievskis traqtati
89
Tavi III. rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba qarTl-kaxeTSi (1802 w.)
§1. dokumentebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebi, orive
rusuli mmarTvelobiss damyarebas qarTl-kax- dedofali da batoniSvilebi, gansakuTrebiT
eTSi SfoTis Camomgdebi batoniSvilebi, unda dae-
TanxmebinaT ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze, ruseTSi
1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestTan Casvlis Semdeg maT SeunarCundebodaT Rirse-
erTad ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandr I-ma ba da daeniSnebodaT samemkvidreo pensia;
imave dRes xeli moawera kidev sam dokuments: 4. saxelmwifo xazinis Semosavlebi, gan-
1. reskripts saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis sakuTrebiT isini, romlebic winaT samefo
general-leitenant karl knorringisadmi; 2. saxls ekuTvnoda, naturiT miRebuli xor-
umaRlesad damtkicebul mowodebas qarTveli blis Semosavlis garda, unda moxmareboda
xalxisadmi; 3. umaRlesad damtkicebul dad- xorblis Sesyidvas, Sesyiduli xorblidan
genilebas saqarTvelos Sinagani mmarTvelo- unda gamokvebuliyo qarTl-kaxeTSi ganlage-
bis Sesaxeb. mogvianebiT Sedga kidev erTi buli ruseTis jari, xolo darCenili nawili
dokumenti _ `ganmarteba saqarTvelos mmarT- gaeyidaT da fuladi SemosavlebisaTvis mie-
velobis Sesaxeb general-leitenant karl matebinaT;
knorringisadmi micemuli umaRlesad damt- 5. xazinis Semosavlebi unda gazrdili-
kicebuli dadgenilebis Sesasruleblad“. yo, oRond ara mosaxleobis valdebulebis
es dokumentebi daedo safuZvlad rusuli damZimebisa da Seviwroebis xarjze, aramed _
mmarTvelobis damyarebas yofili qarTl-kax- vaWrobiT, xelosnobiT, miwaTmoqmedebisa da
eTis samefos teritoriaze, ris gamoc oTxive mecxoveleobis ganviTarebiT;
dokumentis dawvrilebiT ganxilva aucilebe- 6. qarTl-kaxeTis mazrebad dayofisas
lia. unda gaeTvaliswinebinaT adgilobrivi Ta-
I. aleqsandr I-is 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris viseburebani; mazrebs Soris teritoriis
reskriptSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardal gener- gamijvnis Semdeg Sedgenili ruka dasamtkice-
al-leitenant karl knorringisadmi. impera- blad waredginaT imperatorisaTvis; karl
tori generals Semdeg miTiTebebs aZlevda: knorings piradad unda moenaxulebina saqa-
1. qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTv- rTvelos sazRvrebi da qarTvelebTan erTad
elobis mowyobisas yvela SemTxvevaSi anga- gadaewyvita, sad da rogor moewyoT sabaJoebi
riSi unda gaewiaT qarTveli xalxis zneo- da karantinebi;
bis, wes-Cveulebebisa da ganmsjelobisaTvis 7. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miq-
(“умоначертанием~);
(“умоначертанием~); ceoda samTamadno saqmis ganviTarebas, ro-
2. samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis mowyobasTan melic umaRles doneze unda asuliyo didi
erTad aucilebeli iyo, sasuliero sferos kapitalis dabandebis gziT. samTamadno
mowesrigebac, rac sasuliero saswavleblebis mrewvelobis ganviTareba, aseve monetebis
gaxsnasa da saxalxo ganaTlebis organizebaSi moWra davalebuli hqonda graf apolos
gamoixateboda; warmarTi mTielebis gaqris- musin-puSkins;
tianebis mizniT mTaSi unda gagzavniliyvnen 8. didi yuradReba unda daTmoboda
misionerebi, umjobesi iqneboda, gaegzavnaT ucxoeTidan saqarTveloSi xalxis gadmo-
qarTveli misionerebi, vidre ruseTidan Camo- saxlebas, pirvel rigSi _ qristianebisa; gad-
sulebi; mosaxlebulTa waxalisebis mizniT maTTvis
3. marTalia, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos yve- unda gamoeyoT miwebi da miniWebodaT sxva
la mcxovrebs unda SenarCuneboda uflebebi upiratesobani;
da upiratesobebi, Tumca, isic cxadi iyo, 9. qarTl-kaxeTis usafrTxoebis dac-
rom, rusuli mmarTvelobis mowyobasTan er- vis mizniT unda gazrdiliyo ruseTis jaris
Tad unda gauqmebuliyo yvela memkvidreobiTi raodenoba, kavkasiis xazidan qarTl-kaxeTSi
wodeba da Tanamdeboba, xolo isini, vinc mem- unda SemoeyvanaT sakavalerio nawilebi; unda
kvidreobiTi wodeba da Tanamdeboba dakarga, mowesrigebuliyo kavkasiis xazidan saqarT-
unda waredginaT pensiaze; unda momxdariyo veloSi momavali gza, romelic mudmivad
saeklesio mamulebisa da Semosavlebis aR- daculi unda yofiliyo mTielTa Tavdasx-
wera; qveyanaSi mSvidobis damyarebis mizniT mebisagan; unda gatarebuliyo RonisZiebani
90
vaxtang guruli
lekTa Semosevebisagan qarTl-kaxeTis dacvis yofiliyo rusi moxele, mas eyoleboda oTxi
mizniT. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos sazRvrebis mrCeveli (mdivanbegi), ori qarTleli da ori
gaswvriv unda Seqmniliyo iseTi dasaxlebebi, kaxeli Tavadi. eqspedicias aseve eyoleboda
rogorebic kazakebisagan Seiqmna kavkasiis xa- sagubernio xazinadari; g) sisxlis samarT-
zze; lis saqmeTa
saqmeTa.. eqspediciis Tavmjdomared rusi
10. unda gatarebuliyo RonisZiebani moxele dainiSneboda, mas eyoleboda oTxi
iranis saxanoebSi rusuli orientaciis ga- mrCeveli (mdivanbegi) qarTvel TavadTagan; d)
Zlierebis mizniT, pirvel rigSi, yuradReba samoqalaqo saqmeTa
saqmeTa.. eqspediciis Tavmjdomare
unda miqceoda urTierTobis gaumjobesebas iqneboda rusi moxele, mas eyoleboda oTxi
erevnis, ganjis, Saqis, Sirvanis, baqosa da sxva mrCeveli (mdivanbegi) qarTvel TavadTagan.
saxanoebTan; yuradReba unda miqceoda im sam- saqarTvelos mmarTveli, oTxive eqspedi-
dinaro gzis amoqmedebas, romelic imereTSi ciis Tavmjdomare da mrCevlebi Seadgendnen
rionze iwyeboda da Sav zRvamde grZeldebo- saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobas.
mTavrobas. saqarTvelos
da; uzenaesi mTavrobis saerTo krebis Tavmjdo-
11.. imereTis mefesa da samegrelos mTa-
11 mare unda yofiliyo saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
varTan unda damyarebuliyo mWirdo urTier- dali,, xolo misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi - saqa-
dali
Toba ise, rom ar gaeRizianebinaT osmaleTi, rTvelos mmarTveli.
mmarTveli. saqarTvelos uzenaesi
romelic am mxaris patronad Tvlida Tavs. mTavrobis saerTo krebas gansaxilvelad
IIII.. 1801 wlis 12 seqtembers umaRlesad unda mieRo iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic eqs-
damtkicebuli mowodeba qarTveli xalxisadmi pediciebSi ver gadawydeboda da gamoetana
iuwyeboda, rom, imperatoris nebis Tanaxmad dadgenileba xmebis umravlesobiT, risi ga-
TbilisSi daarsdeboda saqarTvelos uzen- saCivrebac aRar SeiZleboda. calkeul eqs-
aesi mTavroba. mowodebaSi agreTve aRniSnuli pediciaSi Sesuli sakiTxebidan saqarTvelos
iyo, rom imperatorma daamtkica dadgenileba mTavarsardalsa da saqarTvelos mmarTvels
qarTl-kaxeTis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb. impera- ufleba hqondaT SeerCiaT umniSvnelovanesi
tori imeds gamoTqvamda, rom rusuli mmarT- sakiTxebi da isini gadawyvetilebis misaRebad
veloba iqneboda samarTliani, xolo qarTl- imperatorisTvis waredginaT. sisxlis samarT-
kaxeTSi arsebuli ubedureba da ganukiTxaoba lis eqspediciaSi unda Sesuliyo saqmeebi, ro-
male mogonebad iqceoda. melic exeboda qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznau-
III. 1801 wlis 12 seqtembers umaRlesad rebis sikvdiliT dasjas an maTTvis Rirsebis
damtkicebuli dadgenileba saqarTvelos Sina- ayras. Semdeg saqme unda gadascemoda saqarT-
gani mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb iuwyeboda: velos mTavarsardals, romelsac TavisTavad
1. qarTl-kaxeTSi unda Seqmniliyo xuTi saqme imperatorisaTvis unda waredgina.
mazra, maTgan qarTlSi _ gorisgoris,, loresa da yvela mazraSi unda Seqmniliyo samazro
duSeTis mazrebi, kaxeTSi _ Telavisa da siR- sasamarTlo.. samazro sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-
sasamarTlo
naRis mazrebi; mareobda mazris mosamarTle,
mosamarTle, romelic rusi
2. qarTl-kaxeTis mmarTvelobas ganax- moxele unda yofiliyo. sasamarTlos Semad-
orcielebda saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba genlobaSi unda Sesuliyo ori wevri (msajuli)
Верховное Грузинское Правительство
(Верховное Правительство),
), romlis imave mazris qarTvel aznaurTagan. samazro
adgil-samyofeli iyo qalaqi Tbilisi. gaT- sasamarTlos ganaCeni unda gamoetana rusuli
valiswinebuli iyo Semdegi Tanamdebobebis Se- kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze, ganaCenis ga-
Главнокомандующий))
moReba: a) mTavarsardali (Главнокомандующий saCivreba SesaZlebeli iqneboda saqarTvelos
anu saqarTvelos mTavarsardali b) mmarTveli uzenaesi mTavrobis Sesabamis eqspediciaSi.
Правитель)) anu saqarTvelos mmarTveli;
(Правитель mazrebSi unda Seqmniliyo saerobo poli-
3. saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobaSi unda ciis mmarTveloba
mmarTveloba,, romlis Tavmjdomare unda
Seqmniliyo oTxi eqspedicia (departamenti): yofiliyo rusi kapitan-ispravniki
kapitan-ispravniki,, mmarTv-
a) mmarTvelobisa da aRmasrulebel saqmeTa.saqmeTa. elobaSi unda Sesuliyo ori wevri (esauli)
eqspediciis Tavmjdomare unda yofiliyo mazris qarTvel aznaurTagan. mazris saerobo
saqarTvelos mmarTveli, mas eyoleboda ori policiis mmarTvelobas unda emoqmeda pirve-
mrCevli (mdivanbegi), erTi rusi moxele da li instanciis saerobo sasamarTloebis Ses-
erTi qarTveli Tavadi; b) saxazino da ekonomi- axeb ruseTis imperiis kanonis mixedviT.
kur saqmeTa
saqmeTa.. eqspediciis Tavmjdomare unda saqarTvelos mTavarsardals ufleba
91
hqonda, Tuki amis saWiroeba iqneboda, saqarT- riaze unda aRkveTiliyo yovelgvari borot-
velos mmarTvelTan erTad imperatorisaTvis moqmedeba, usamarTloba, Cagvra, Zarcva da
dasamtkiceblad waredgina dadgenileba saqa- mkvleloba.
laqo magistratis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. IV. ganmarteba saqarTvelos mmarTvelo-
qarTl-kaxeTSi unda Seqmniliyo samedi- bis Sesaxeb general-leitenant karl knorrin-
cino mmarTveloba.
mmarTveloba. mmarTvelobas unda earse- gisadmi micemuli umaRlesad damtkicebuli
ba imave wesiT, rogoriTac arsebobda ruse- dadgenilebis Sesasruleblad Semdegi Sinaar-
Tis imperiis guberniebis samedicino mmarT- sisa iyo. 1801 wlis 12 seqtembers umaRlesad
velobebi. damtkicebuli dadgenileba saqarTvelos Sin-
TbilisSi, gorSi, loreSi, duSeTSi, agani mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb rom zustad da
TelavSi, siRnaRSi qarTvel aznaurTagan unda droulad Sesrulebuliyo, amisaTvis aucile-
daniSnuliyo TiTo xazinadari
xazinadari. blad iqna miCneuli:
TbilisSi, gorSi, loreSi, duSeTSi, 1. saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobas unda
TelavSi, siRnaRSi rus oficerTagan unda Seegrovebina cnobebi qarTveli samRvdeloe-
daniSnuliyo komendanti
komendanti,, romlis TanaSemwe bis Sesaxeb, rac momavalSi ukeTesi wesrigis
iqneboda policmaisteri (nacvali) qarTvel dasamyareblad iyo aucilebeli;
TavadTagan. 2. im moxeleTa didi nawili, romelTac
yazaxSi, borCalosa da bambakSi, sadac Tanamdebobebi ekavaT saqarTvelos uzenaesi
cxovrobdnen TaTrebi, qarTvel TavadTagan mTavrobis dafuZnebamde unda daetovebinaT
unda daniSnuliyvnen pristavebi (mouravebi
(mouravebi)) _ saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobaSi samuSaod;
TiTo pristavi (mouravi) yazaxis, borCalosa TavianT Tanamdebobebze unda daetovebinaT
da bambakisaTvis. xevsureTSi, fSavsa da Tu- mouravebi; bagrationTa samefo saxlis im
SeTSi aseve unda daniSnuliyvnen qarTveli wevrebs, romlebic ruseTSi sacxovreblad
pristavebi (mouravebi), romelTa moadgile wasvlas ar moisurvebdnen, pensiebi unda dan-
unda yofiliyo rusi moxele. yarabaRis sax- iSvnodaT saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis
anodan qarTl-kaxeTis teritoriaze Semosu- Semosavlidan;
li somxebi, rogorc winaT, amjeradac unda 3. saxelmwifo xazinas gadasaxadebi unda
damorCilebodnen TavianT meliqebs. aeRo im nixriT, ra nixriTac ikribeboda ga-
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis Seqm- dasaxadebi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos arsebobis
nidan erTi wlis Semdeg unda gamarTuliyo dros;
eqspediciebis mrCevelTa da sxva moxeleebis 4. yofili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos teri-
arCevnebi. Tanamdebobebze SeiZleba kvlav toria unda gayofiliyo: lores
lores,, goris
goris,, duSe-
aerCiaT qarTveli Tavadebi da aznaurebi, Tis,, Telavis da siRnaRis mazrebad. imis gamo,
Tis
oRond maTi kandidatebi saqarTvelos mTa- rom lore qalaqi ar iyo, lores mazris cen-
varsardlisa da saqarTvelos mmarTvelis tri iqneboda Tbilisi. xuTi mazris Seqmnis
wardginebiT unda daemtkicebina imperators. safuZvlad unda aRebuliyo administraciuli
sasamarTloebSi samoqalaqo saqmeebze ga- dayofis is principi, romelic qarTl-kaxeTis
naCeni unda gamoetanaT vaxtang VI-is samarT- mefeebis dros arsebobda: qarTli iyofoda
lis mixedviT. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalsa sam regionad (zemo qarTli, Sida qarTli, qve-
da saqarTvelos mmarTvels ufleba hqondaT mo qarTli), xolo kaxeTi _ or regionad (Sida
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi vaxtang VI-is samarT- kaxeTi da gare kaxeTi);
lis zogierTi muxli ruseTis imperiis kan- 5. qarTl-kaxeTSi samTo saqme unda gane-
onis muxlebiT SeecvalaT. sisxlis samarTlis go apolos musin-puSkins;
saqmeebze ganaCeni unda gamoetanaT ruseTis 6. unda Sedgeniliyo saqarTvelos (qa-
imperiis kanonebiT. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- rTl-kaxeTis) topografiuli ruka. qarTl-
dalsa da saqarTvelos mmarTvels ufleba kaxeTSi ganlagebul ruseTis jarebs unda
hqondaT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ganaCenis damateboda: donis kazakTa 2 polki, grenad-
gamotanamde gaeTvaliswinebinaT mosaxleobis erTa 6 aseuli da 2 qvemexi;
adaT-wesebi, magram daSvebuli gamonaklisi 7. qarTl-kaxeTis mosazRvre erevnis,
dasamtkiceblad unda waredginaT imperato- ganjis, Saqisa da Sirvanis xanebis winaaRmdeg,
risaTvis. romlebic ruseTis mimarT keTilganwyobile-
qarTl-kaxeTis yofili samefos terito- bas ar amJRavneben da iranis mbrZanebel Sah
92
vaxtang guruli
feThi alis (baba xanis) mtrul miswrafebebs nate TumaniSvili da oman xerxeuliZe. eqspedi-
iziarebdnen, unda gatarebuliyo Sesabami- ciis mrCevlebis anu mdivan-begebis xelfasi
si RonisZiebebi. iseTive RonisZiebebi unda Seadgenda 750 maneTs.
gatarebuliyo imereTis samefos winaaRmdeg,
sadac TavSefarebuli iyvnen Tbilisidan gaq-
ceuli batoniSvilebi;
8. saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobas si- §2. 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestis gamocxa-
frTxile unda gamoeCina imereTis mefesa da
deba TbilisSi
samegrelos mTavarTan urTierTobaSi.
ruseTi imperator aleqsandr I-is 1812 1802 wlis 9 aprils, vnebis Svideulis
wlis 12 seqtembris reskriptiT kavkasiis xa- oTxSabaTs, karl knorringi piotr kovalen-
zis mTavarsardali general-leitenanti karl skis,, mravalricxovani rusi moxeleebisa da
skis
knorigni dainiSna saqarTvelos samxedro gu- jaris TanxlebiT TbilisSi Semovida. rusebs
bernatorad,, faqtobrivad, yofili qarTl-
bernatorad win mouZRoda wminda ninos jvari. es jvari
kaxeTis samefos terotoriis samxedro gu- XIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi mtris Semosavebs
bernatorad. 1801-1802 wlebSi praqtikulad gaarides da ananuris eklesiaSi daabrZanes.
saqarTvelos gubernia ar Seqmnila da cxadia, ananuridan mitropolitma timoTem wm. ninos
karl knoringsac saqarTvelos samxedro gu- jvari moskovSi gadaabrZana da vaxtang VI-
bernatoris movaleoba arasdros Seusrule- is vaJs, baqar batoniSvils,
batoniSvils, miarTva. ekat-
bia. saqarTvelos samxedro gubernatorad erina II-sa da pavel I-s erekle II-m da dare-
daniSvnis Semdegac knorringi darCa kavkasiis jan dedofalma ramdenjerme sTxoves jvris
xazis mTavarsardlad.
mTavarsardlad 1801 wlis 12 seqtembers saqarTveloSi dabruneba, magram amaod. 1801
umaRlesad damtkicebuli dadgenilebiT saqa- wels baqar batoniSvilis SviliSvilma giorgi
rTvelos Sinagani mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb qa- aleqsandres Zem wm. ninos jvari ruseTis im-
rTl-kaxeTSi umaRlesi xelisufleba hqonda perator aleqsandr I-s miarTva. imperatorma
saqarTvelos mTavarsardals. es Tanamdebobac jvris saqarTveloSi dabruneba gadawyvita da
karl knoringma SeiTavsa. amrigad, general- am misiis Sesruleba karl knorings daavala.
leitenanti karl knorringi iyo kavkasiis xazis cxadia, aleqsandr I mxolod samarTlianobis
mTavarsardali, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aRdgenaze ar fiqrobda, mas qarTvelebis gu-
da saqarTvelos samxedro gubernatori. 1801 lis mogeba surda. imperators politikur-
wlis 12 seqtembers umaRlesad damtkicebuli ma alRom ar umtyuna: Tbilisis mosaxleoba
dadgenilebiT saqarTvelos Sinagani mmarTv- didi aRfrTovanebiT Sexvda wm. ninos jvris
elobis Sesaxeb gaTvaliswinebul saqarTvelos dabrunebas. jvari sionis taZarSi daabrZanes.
mmarTvelis Tanamdebobaze dainiSna namd- karl knoringma 1801 wlis 12 seqtem-
vili saxelmwifo mrCeveli piotr kovalen- bris manifestis gamocxadebis dRed 1802
ski.. rusi moxeleebi dainiSnen eqspediciebis
ski wlis 12 aprili, vnebis Svideulis didi Sa-
ufrosebad. saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis baTi daniSna. manifesti sionis sakaTedro
eqspediciis ufrosebsa da sxva TanamSrom- taZarSi unda waekiTxaT. imavdroulad mani-
lebs daeniSnaT sakmaod seriozuli anazRa- festi unda wakiTxuliyo Tbilisis yvela mar-
ureba: eqspediciis ufrosebs _ 1350 maneTi, Tlmadideblur (qarTul) eklesiaSi, aseve _
samazro sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareebs _ 450 grigorianul (somxur) da kaTolikur ekle-
maneTi, samazro sasamarTloebis msajulebs siebSi, meCeTebSi. manifestis wakiTxvis Semdeg
_ 375 maneTi, mazrebis kapitan-ispravnikebs mosaxleobas ruseTis imperatoris erTgule-
_ 375 maneTi, samazro qalaqebis komendan- baze unda daefica. ficis teqsti manifestis
tebs _ 450 maneTi, yazaxis, SamSadilusa da teqstTan erTad Camoitanes TbilisSi.
borCalos mouravebs _ 600 maneTi, xolo maT 1802 wlis 12 aprils, SabaTs, Tbilisis
TanaSemweebs _ 300 maneTi. saqarTvelos uzen- sionis taZarSi Seikribnen qarTveli Tavadebi
aes mTavrobaSi (eqspediciebSi) mrCevlebad da aznaurebi, samRvdeloeba, Tbilisis mo-
anu mdivan-begebad dainiSnen Tavadebi: ioane qalaqeebi. knoringma lazarevs ubrZana, mas
muxranbatoni, estate ciciSvili, aleqsandre Semdeg, rac xalxi sionis taZarSi Sevidoda
mayaSvili, ioane ColoyaSvili, daviT abaSiZe, da manifestis kiTxva daiwyeboda, jars taZ-
qaixosro ColoyaSvili, zaal baraTaSvili, eg- risaTvis alya Semoertya. taZarSi misulTa
93
absoluturma umravlesobam manifestis Si- moqmedebam Tbilisis mosaxleobis sayovel-

naarsi ar icoda, anu ar icoda, rom qarTl- Tao aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia.
kaxeTSi mefoba gauqmda da qveyanaSi rusuli 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestiT uk-
mmarTveloba unda damyarebuliyo. knorringi mayofilebas gamoTqvamdnen knorringisa da
SiSobda, rom manifestis teqstis gamoqveyneba lazarevis politikiT isedac ukmayofilo
protests gamoiwvevda da ruseTis imperato- daviT da vaxtang batoniSvilebi. maT ukmay-
ris erTgulebaze daficeba CaiSleboda. ru- ofilebas sababi misca SedarebiT umniSvne-
seTis jaris gamoCena sionis taZarTan sru- lo faqtma. jer kidev 1801 wlis noemberSi
liad moulodneli iyo qarTvelebisaTvis. knoringma daviT batoniSvils acnoba, rom
rusi istorikosi nikolai dubrovini werda: mas imperatorma wm. aleqsandr nevelis or-
„xalxi, romelic TviTon eZiebda mfarvelobas deni uboZa, magram daviTs ordeni ar miuRia.
da iTxovda qveSevrdomobas, sagonebelSi Ca- male daviT batoniSvili ruseTis jaridan
varda mTavarsardlis aseTi utaqtobis gamo“.
gamo“. TadarigSi gauSves mundiris tarebis uflebis
manifestis wakiTxvis Semdeg ficis dadebis gareSe, ramac igi Zalze gaanawyena. knoringma
dawyebamde samocze metma qarTvelma Tavadma vaxtang batoniSvils acnoba, rom mas impera-
da aznaurma protestis niSnad taZari datova. torma wm. anas ordeni uboZa. peterburgidan
ramdenime Tavadi rusebma daapatimres, Tum- gamogzavnili sigelis mixedviT, vaxtang ba-
ca maTma umravlesobam ruseTis jaris alyis toniSvili wm. aleqsandr nevelis ordeniT
garRveva moaxerxa da kaxeTSi, TavianT mamu- iyo dajildovebuli. knoringma batoniSvils
lebSi, dabrundnen. sigeli gamoarTva da dahpirda, rom Secdomas
sionis taZarSi ficis dadebis ceremo- gaasworebda. vaxtang batoniSvilma es Seura-
niali mainc Sedga, Tumca xalxis aRSfoTebas cxyofad miiRo. ordenebiT dajildoebisas
sazRvari ar hqonda. taZridan gamosulebs momxdari gaugebrobis gamo gaRizianebuli
saxeze wuxili da imedgacrueba aRbeWdvodaT. daviT da vaxtang batoniSvilebi kidev ufro
knoringma ficis dadebisaken mouwoda dedof- aRaSfoTa 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifes-
lebs, darejansa da mariams. orive dedofal- tis Sinaarsma. 12 aprilis momdevno dReebSi
ma aSkarad gamoxata ukmayofileba da knor- TbilisSi sul ufro da ufro matulobda
ringis saqcieli gakicxa. knorringi dedo- ukmayofileba.. gavrcelda xmebi, rom 1801 wlis
ukmayofileba
flebis damSvidebas Seecada da maT dahpirda, 12 seqtembris manifesti karl knorringis
rom ruseTis imperatori samefo Rirsebas gamogonili iyo. ukmayofilo qarTvelebis
SeunarCunebda yvelas, visac ki es Rirseba erTma jgufma peterburgSi myof garsevan
kanonierad ekuTvnoda. darejan dedofalma WavWavaZes werili gaugzavna. werilis avtore-
karl knorings ganucxada, rom mefobis gauqmebi qarTvel diplomats sTxovdnen saswarfod
ba ukanono iyo da erekle II-is anderZis mixed- daedgina, knorringi TviTnebobda, Tu aseTi
viT taxtze iulon batoniSvili unda asuliyo. iyo ruseTis imperatoris neba, adgan Seqmnil
mariam dedofali acxadebda, rom imperator viTarebaSi yofna maTTvis autaneli iyo.
pavel I-ma taxtis memkvidred daviT batoniS- peterburgidan garsevan WavWavaZis pa-
vili daamtkica da mefec is unda gamxdariyo.
gamxdariyo. suxis miRebamde knorringi da lazarevi ru-
mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnilma knoringma seTis imperatoris erTgulebaze mosaxleobis
dedoflebs ganucxada, rom mefoba qarTl- daficebas ganagrZobdnen. ficis micemis ukeT
kaxeTSi gauqmda qarTveli elCebis, giorgi organizebisa da daCqarebis mizniT qarTl-
avaliSvilisa da elizbar falavandiSvilis, kaxeTi daiyo ramdenime eparqiad. yovel epar-
notis safuZvelze, xolo uSualod wardgine- qiaSi gaigzavnen rusi Cinovnikebi. manifestis
ba imperators namdvilma saidumlo mrCevelma wakiTxvis Semdeg eklesiebSi debdnen fics.
sergei laSqarevma gaukeTa. bolos knoringma 1801 wlis 16 aprils karl knoringma
dedoflebs ganucxada, rom igi mxolod im- werili gaugzavna imereTis mefe solomon
peratoris davalebas asrulebda. II-s da axalcixis faSas, xolo 18 aprils _
TbilisSi xma gavrcelda, rom knorrin- ganjis xansa da War-belaqneli lekebis mama-
gis brZanebiT, general-maiori sergei tuCko- saxlisebs. generalma maT acnoba, rom 1802
vi mariam dedofalTan gamocxadda da mas wlis 12 aprils TbilisSi gamocxadda impera-
giorgi XII-is samefo regaliebi CamoarTva. tor aleqsandr I-is 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris
rusi generlebis, knorringisa da tuCkovis, manifesti. knoringma yvelas mouwoda Seen-
94
vaxtang guruli
arCunebinaT simSvide da Tu ruseTis mimarT mendanti qalaqis policmaisterTan erTad,

keTilganwyobas gamoiCendnen, imperatori maT maT Semdeg or rigad midiodnen policiis
saTanadod miagebda. War-belaqnel lekebs moxeleebi da Tormeti qarTveli Tavadi da
knoringma TbilisSi TavianTi mamasaxlisebis aznauri. qarTlel Tavad ioane orbelians da
gamogzavna mosTxova, raTa maTTvis „zogier- kaxel Tavad andronikaSvils mihqondaT far-
Ti mSvidobismoyvare winadadeba“ mieca. Cis baliSebze dasvenebuli 1801 wlis 12 se-
qtembris manifesti da saqarTveloSi rusul
mmarTvelobis mowyobasTan dakavSirebuli
§3. saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis dafuZneba
aleqsandr I-is mier 1801 wlis 12 seqtembers
Tbilissa da qarTl-kaxeTSi 1801 wlis xelmowerili sxva dokumentebi. oTx Tavads
12 seqtembris manifestis gamocxadebisa da baliSebis yurebisTvis CaeWida xeli. Semdeg
ficis dadebis Semdeg, 1802 wlis aprilSi, modiodnen generlebi: karl knorringi,
knorringi, ivan
karl knorringi qarTl-kaxeTis yofili same- lazarevi,, sergei tuCkovi,
lazarevi tuCkovi, vasili guliakovi
fos sazRvrebis dasaTvaliereblad gaemarTa. da saqarTvelos mmarTveli piotr kovalen-
generals, upirveles yovlisa, ainteresebda ski,, aseve, rusi moxeleebi, batoniSvilebi,
ski
sazRvari iranTan, konkretulad, _ erevnis Tavadebi, aznaurebi da Tbilisis mcxovrebni.
saxanosTan. TbilisSi darCenil piotr kova- procesias boloSi mihyveboda rusuli jari.
lenskis knoringma daavala daeCqarebina saqa- sionis taZris karibWeSi sazeimo procesias
rTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis SeqmnisaTvis Seegeba qarTveli samRvdeloeba. orma epis-
aucilebeli mosamzadebeli samuSao. kova- koposma Tavad ioane orbeliansa da Tavad
lenskim dakisrebuli movaleobas warmate- andronikaSvils CamoarTva farCis baliSebi
biT gaarTva Tavi. 1802 wlis 7 maiss Tbili- da maTze dasvenebul dokumentebTan erTad
sis komendantma qalaqis moednebsa da quCebSi taZarSi Seitana. baliSebi cal-calke daas-
barabnebis cemisa da samxedro orkestris venes sakurTxevlis karis majvniv da marcxniv
TanxlebiT gamoacxada, rom meore dRes, 8 farCagadafarebul magidebze. Tbilelma mit-
maiss, 7 saaTze, muSaobas daiwyebda saqarT- ropolitma arsenim saRvTo liturRia aRas-
velos uzenaesi mTavroba. komendanti mTavro- rula. LliturRiis dasrulebis Semdeg orma
bis pirveli sxdomis sazeimo gaxsnaze iwvevda moxelem, erTma rusulad, meorem _ qarTulad,
yvela qarTvel batoniSvils da rus moxeles. waikiTxa knorringis mimarTva, romelSic igi
1802 wlis 8 maiss, dilis 7 saaTze ocdaaTwu- mosaxleobas acnobebda saqarTvelosuzenaesi
Tiani intervaliT samjer gaisroles zarba- mTavrobis Seqmnas da iZleoda dapirebebs:
znidan. mesame gasrolisTanave, 8 saaTsa da 1. qarTl-kaxeTi daculi iqneboda Semo-
30 wuTze, Tbilisis yvela eklesiaSi sazeimo sevebisagan;
RvTismsaxureba daiwyo, romelic saqarT- 2. daculi iqneboda mosaxleobis piradi
velos uzenaesi mTavrobis pirveli sxdomis usafrTxoeba da qoneba;
gaxsnamde gagrZelda. mTavrobis rezidenciad 3. Zlieri mmarTveloba uzrunvelyofda
SerCeul SenobaSi Tavi sxvadasxva wodebis simSvides;
uamravma adamianma moiyara. kavkasiis xa- 4. Seuracxyofilebi da damcirebulebi
zis mTavarsardal general-leitenant karl ipovidnen samarTals;
knorings ezosa da Senobis darbazebSi miegeb- 5. udanaSaulo daculi iqneboda, xolo
nen rusi Cinovnikebi da qarTveli Tavadebi. damnaSave _ daisjeboda.
knorringi miujda magidas, romelzedac ido knorringis mimarTvis Semdeg waikiTxes
1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifesti da qarTl- saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis wevrTa sia.
kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis mowyobasTan mTavrobis wevrebma dades fici. samadlo-
dakavSirebuli sxva dokumentebi. Sekrebilebs beli locvis Semdeg, romelsac Tan axlda
sityviT mimarTa knoringma, sapasuxo sityva zarebis reka, micemuli iqna saluti zarba-
warmoTqva Tavadma ioane orbelianma.
orbelianma. waikiTx- znebidan 101 gasroliT. sionis taZridan pro-
es im moxeleebis sia, romlebsac Tanamdebobe- cesia gaemarTa im Senobisaken, romelSic unda
bi unda daekavibinaT mTavrobaSi. amis Semdeg gamarTuliyo saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavro-
mTavrobis rezidenciidan sazeimo procesia bis sxdomebi. samadlobeli locvis Semdeg
sionis sakaTedro taZrisaken daiZra. sxdomisaTvis gankuTvnil darbazSi gaixsna
procesias win miuZRoda Tbilisis ko- saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis pirveli
95
sxdoma. imave dRes gaimarTa oTxive eqspedi- erlis winadadeba ar miiRo. rusuli mmarT-
ciis pirveli sxdoma. sazeimo dRe dasrulda velobiT aranakleb ukmayofiloni iyvnen
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis mier gamarTuli qarTlsa da kaxeTSi darCenili batoniSvile-
sadiliT, baliTa da vaxSmiT. bic. ruseTis imperator aleqsandr I-is 1802
1802 wlis maisis ganmavlobaSi sakrebu- wlis 5 agvistos reskriptiT knorringisadmi
loebi gaixsna gorSi
gorSi,, siRnaRSi
siRnaRSi,, TelavSi
TelavSi,, lo- ganisazRvra qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis
resa da duSeTSi
duSeTSi.. sakrebuloebi warmoadgenda wevrTa pensiebi. ruseTSi gawveuli batoniS-
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis adgilobriv vilebs daeniSnaT yovelwliuri pensia 10.000
organoebs. vercxlis maneTis odenobiT. dedofal mari-
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis da- amis wliuri pensia Seadgenda 18.000 vercxlis
fuZnebis dResve, 1802 wlis 8 maiss, ocdacxra maneTs. dedofali darejani TveSi iRebda 500
qarTvelma Tavadma knorings mimarTa da pe- vercxlis maneTs, mefis asulebi, sofio da
terburgSi imperatorTan madlobis mosax- rifsime, _ 100 vercxlis maneTs TiToeuli,
seneblad deputaciis gagzavnis nebarTva gaiane da nino _ 75 vercxlis maneTs TiToeu-
iTxova. deputaciaSi ori Tavadi iyo gaT- li. rusi istorikosi nikolai dubrovini
valiswinebuli, ioane orbeliani da solomon iziarebs graf apolos musin-puSkinis 1802
Tarxan-mouravi..
Tarxan-mouravi wlis 20 agvistos werilSi gamoTqmul mo-
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis da- sazrebas da wers: „rusulma fulma ar iqonia
fuZnebis Semdeg karl knorringi kavkasiis iseTi moqmedeba, rogorsac elodnen. oqroTi
xazze, georgievskSi, gaemgzavra. qarTl-kax- ver CaaxSes pativmoyvareoba da xelisuflebis
eTSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebis sardlo- wyurvili. samefo saxlis wevrebi usaqmod ver
ba man general-maior ivan lazarevs Caabara, darCebodnen. isini nanobdnen, rom bagration-
xolo samoqalaqo saqmeebis marTva-gamgeoba Ta saxlma samefo gvirgvini dakarga da mTeli
_ saqarTvelos mmarTvel piotr kovalenskis
kovalenskis.. ZalebiT, maT xelT arsebuli yvela saSuale-
qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis Se- biT cdilobdnen gvirgvinis dabrunebas.“ apo-
moRebis Semdgom qarTvelebSi Seqmnil ganwyo- los musin-puSkins vaxtang batoniSvilisaTvis
bilebas rusi istorikosi nikolai dubrovini ukiTxavs: „SegiZliaT Tu ara Tqven dedasTan
ase axasiaTebs: „knorringis moqmedebiTa da erTad sazeimod daadasturoT, rom ar nanobT
axali mmarTvelobis damkvidrebiT, romelsac bagrationTa samefo saxlis mier gvirgvinis
mohyva saqmis warmoebis sruliad ucxo wesebis dakargvas? miTxariT me gulaxdilad, rogorc
SemoReba, xalxi darCa damcirebuli“. aseT vi- megobars.“ vaxtang batoniSvils aseTi pa-
TarebaSi nikolai dubrovini miiCnevda rom suxi gaucia: „ar SemiZlia! vnanob da Zalianac
„axal
axal mTavrobas, pirvel rigSi, unda gaerkvia, vnanob. sinanuli rom ar arsebobdes, Rirsni
ras warmoadgenda saqarTvelo; rogori iyo viqnebodiT, SeSlilebi ewodebinaT CvenTvis“.
qveynis mosaxleobis xasiaTi; rogori iyo
xalxis sazogadoebrivi, zneobrivi da samarT-
lebrivi normebi“.
normebi“. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos
uzenaes mTavrobas am sakiTxebis garkvevis §4. rusuli mmarTvelobis pirveli xanebi qa-
survili ar gasCenia, ramac male uaryofiTi rTl-kaxeTSi
Sedegi gamoiRo.
rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebiT qarTl- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalsa da saqa-
kaxeTis samefo saxli sabolood CamoaSores rTvelos mmarTvels ufleba hqondaT Tavi-
qveynis marTva-gamgeobas. batoniSvilebis anTi Sexedulebisamebr SeecvalaT is wesebi
nawili ruseTSi gaiwvies, nawili dromde saqa- da instruqciebi, romlebiTac unda emoqme-
rTveloSi rCeboda. saqarTveloSi darCeni- daT saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis eqs-
lebs qarTl-kaxeTSi aRar daedgomebodaT. ba- pediciebs. aman ganapiroba qarTl-kaxeTis ru-
toniSvilebma iulonma da farnavazma imereTs sul mmarTvelobaSi yvela is uwesrigoba da
Seafares Tavi, xolo aleqsandre iranis erTi Zalauflebis borotad gamoyeneba, sabolood
saxanodan meoreSi gadadioda. knorringi ki _ mTeli mmarTvelobis garyvna, rac kidev
iulon, farnavaz da aleqsandre batoniSvi- ufro naTlad gamoikveTa momdevno periodSi.
lebs Serigebis SemTxvevaSi mamulebis dab- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma karl knor-
runebas hpirdeboda. arc erTma maTganma gen- ingma male saerTod aarida Tavi qarTl-kaxe-
Tis mmarTvelobas da yvelaferi saqarTvelos
96
vaxtang guruli
mmarTvel piotr kovalenskis gadaabara. kova- ar adasturebda aznaurebis keTilganwyo-

lenskim dauyovnebliv isargebla miniWebuli bilebas rusuli mmarTvelobis mimarT. saqa-
uflebiT. man saqarTveloSi Camoiyvana Ta- rTvelos mmarTveli kaxeTis mouravebs amS-
visi naTesavebi da am naTesavebis axloblebi. videbda, rom mouraoba aravis gauuqmebia,
saqarTvelos mmarTvelis TviTnebobas saz- yvela mouravi rCeboda Tavis Tanamdebobaze
Rvari ar hqonda: Tanamdebobebze daniSvnebi da miiRebda dadgenil gasamrjelos, xolo
TviTneburad, yovelgvari principis dacvis is mouravebi, romelTa Tanamdeboba gauqmda
gareSe xdeboda; moxeleebi dausabuTeblad ga- samefo xelisuflebasTan erTad, miiRebdnen
dahyavdaT erTi Tanamdebobidan meoreze; Tan- Sesabamis kompensacias. amrigad, mouravebi
daTan Zlierdeboda korufcia. xSirad adgili darCnen TavianT Tanamdebobebze da Seinar-
hqonda erTi SexedviT warmoudgenel faqteb- Cunes gasamrjeloc. aRsaniSnavia, rom mova-
sac. ruseTis imperiis mmarTveli senatis leoba, romelsac mouravebi asrulebdnen, ka-
brZanebiT, saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis noniT samazro mmarTvelobis sxva moxeleebs
saxazino saqmeTa eqspediciis ufrosad kole- evalebodaT. am kanondarRvevas knorringi da
giis mrCeveli tarasovi dainiSna, Tumca es kovalenski yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen.
Tanamdeboba piotr kovalenskis Zmas ergo, sul ufro da ufro cxadi xdeboda, rom
xolo tarasovi sisxlis samarTlis eqspedi- saqarTvelos mTavarsardal knorings gac-
ciis ufrosad ganamweses. kidev ufro didi nobierebuli ar hqonda is didi pasuxismge-
TviTneboba vlindeboda Tanamdebobebze qa- bloba, romelic imperatorma mas daakisra.
rTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis daniSvni- karl knorringi qarTvelebs ruseTis qveSevr-
sas. ruseTis imperatorma saqarTvelos uzen- domebadac ki ar Tvlida.
Tvlida. erTxel man SeniS-
aes mTavrobaSi qarTvelebis daniSvna poli- vna misca ivan lazarevs imis gamo, rom am
tikuri mizniT gadawyvita. es kargad icoda ukanasknelma qarTvelebi Tavis moxsenebaSi
kovalenskimac. miuxedavad amisa, saqarT- ruseTis qveSevrdomebad moixsenia. lazarevi
velos mmarTvelma qarTvelebis umravlesoba iZulebuli gaxda 1800 wlis 18 dekembrisa da
saerTod Camoacila xelisuflebas, datova 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestebisa da ru-
mxolod isini, romlebic TviTnebobasa da ga- seTis imperatoris xelmowerili sxva doku-
nukiTxaobas eguebodnen. yazaxis, SamSadilusa mentebis moSveliebiT daemtkicebina, rom qa-
da borCalos pristavebis TanaSemweebad dain- rTvelebi ruseTis qveSevrdomebi iyvnen. cxa-
iSnen saxelgatexili qarTvelebi, rasac am re- dia, knorings ar SeeZlo unarianad gaZRolo-
gionis muslimi mosaxleoba ver urigdeboda. da saqarTvelos mTavrobis muSaobas. misi
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba cdi- gulgrilobisa da arakompetenturobis mizez-
lobda Tavi aeridebina umniSvnelovane- iT uwesrigoba saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi 1802
si sakiTxebis mogvarebisTvisac ki. aseT wlis maisidanve daiwyo. ruseTis imperatoris
sakiTxTa Soris iyo mouraobis instituti.
instituti. reskriptebisa da brZanebebis Sesruleba Wi-
mouraobis instituti didi xnidan arsebob- anurdeboda. amas adasturebs qvemoT moyvani-
da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi, magram rusuli li magaliTi: aleqsandr I-is brZanebiT, Tavad
mmarTvelobis SemoRebis Semdeg gaurkveve- abaSiZes eboZa sami sofeli. TbilisSi brZane-
li darCa misi funqcia. qarTlisa da kaxeTis ba miiRes, magram ramdenime Tvis Semdegac ki,
mouravebma ramdenjerme, xan cal-calke, xan 1802 wlis oqtombrisaTvis, brZaneba Sesrule-
jgufurad SekiTxviT mimarTes knoringsa da buli ar iyo. Tavadma abaSiZem imperatorTan
kovalenskis. orive rusi moxele Tavs arideb- iCivla, magram uSedegod. imis gamo, rom saqa-
da kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas. arada, rusuli rTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba qarTvelTaTvis
mmarTvelobis SemoRebis Semdeg mouravebi xelisuflebis umaRlesi organo iyo, yvela
praqtikulad ufunqciod darCnen. Seqmnilma saCivari TbilisSive rCeboda gansaxilvelad.
viTarebam gansakuTrebiT didi aRSfoTeba rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, sisxlis samarTlis
gamoiwvia kaxeTSi. kaxeTis ocdasamma mourav- saqmeebs ruseTis kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze
ma weriliT mimarTa kovalenskis. 1802 wlis ixilavda da ganaCeni gamohqonda saqarTvelos
25 ivniss kovalenskim werilobiTi pasuxi uzenaesi mTavrobis sisxlis samarTlis saqme-
gasca kaxeTis mouravebis Txovnas. kovalen- Ta eqspedicias. Tu momCivani ukmayofilo iyo,
ski aRniSnavda, rom kaxeTis mouravebis saCi- mas SeeZlo saqme mxolod saqarTvelos uzenaes
varSi dasmuli sakiTxebi gamogonili iyo da mTavrobaSi gaesaCivrebina da ar hqonda ufleba
97
ruseTis imperiis senatisaTvis miemarTa. praq- iyo: 1. kerZo piris winaaRmdeg Cadenili sisx-
tikulad, saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba qalis samarTlis danaSauli: mkvleloba, dasax-
rTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobisaTvis igive iyo, rac iCreba, daWra, qonebis Zarcva da gataceba; 2.
ruseTis mosaxleobisaTvis _ senati (uzenaesi mosaxleobis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSauli:
sasamarTlo). Seiqmna aseTi aranormaluri vi- gadawva, qurdoba, SeRweva; 3. sakuTrebis xe-
Tareba: ruseTis qveSevrdomi rusi TavadisaT- lyofa: qurdoba, qurdoba-Zarcva, qurdoba-
vis uzenaesi sasamarTlo iyo ruseTis imperiis TaRliToba, boroti ganzraxviT miyenebuli
senati, ruseTis qveSevrdomi qarTleli an ziani; 4. motyuebiT Cadenili danaSauli: si-
kaxeli TavadisaTvis _ saqarTvelos uzenaesi tyvieri sicrue, cru qmedeba; 5. danaSauli
mTavroba. cxadia, ruseTis imperiis senati marTlmsajulebis winaaRmdeg: kanonisadmi wi-
dainteresebuli iyo, rom qarTl-kaxeTic mis naaRmdegoba, Tanamdebobis pirisadmi winaaRm-
iurisdiqciaSi yofiliyo. miuxedavad amisa, degoba, Tanamdebobis piris mier Cadenili da-
knoringma da kovalenskim imperatorisagan naSauli, qrTamis aReba, cixeSi SeRweva, patim-
miiRes ufleba saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavro- robidan an gadasaxlebidan gaqceva, badra-
bas angariSi ar waredgina senatisaTvis. ufro girebisas gaqceva, moparuli nivTis SeZena,
metic, saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba qarTl- sasamarTlo warmoebisaTvis aucilebeli do-
kaxeTSi umaRles saxelmwifo da sasamarTlo kumentisa da beWdis damalva, sasamarTloze
xelisuflebas ise flobda, rom prokurori ar yalbi dokumentebis wardgena da gamoyeneba,
hyavda. ruseTis kanonmdeblobiT, prokurori salanZRavi werilis an Txzulebis dawera,
valdebuli iyo, kontroli gaewia rogorc sisxlis samarTlis damnaSavis Sefareba; 6.
saxelmwifo, ise sasamarTlo xelisuflebis danaSauli sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dar-
moqmedebisaTvis. prokurori TbilisSi mx- Rvevis mizniT: saeWvo Sekreba, msvlelobis
olod 1803 wlis 19 ivliss dainiSna. proku- dros adamianebis daSineba, muqaris werilis
roris Tanamdebobis ararsebobis pirobebSi gagzavna, Robis Semtvreva, orTabrZolebisa
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba umetes Sem- da Cxubis mowyoba, winaswar SeuTanxmeblad
TxvevaSi gadawyvetilebas iRebda ruseTis im- danaSaulebrivi jgufis Seqmna, Txovnis an
periis kanonebis darRveviT da dauyovnebliv saCivris dawera winaswar SeuTanxmeblad an Se-
aRasrulebda mas aRmasrulebel saqmeTa eqs- TanxmebiT jgufis mier, uZravi qonebis ZaliT
pediciis meSveobiT. aRmasrulebel saqmeTa daufleba, sicruis an Woris gavrceleba; 7.
eqspediciaSi wydeboda iseTi saqmeebi, romle- danaSauli sazogadoebrivi vaWrobis winaaRm-
bic ar SeiZleboda sasamarTloSi davis sagani deg: akrZaluli saqonlis Semotana an gatana,
gamxdariyo. aseT saqmeebs ganekuTvneboda: saqonlis ubaJod Semotana an gatana, gaday-
veqsilis gaformeba, kontraqtis dadeba da idva; 8. danaSauli sazogadoebis janmrTelo-
sxv. bis winaaRmdeg: gadamdebi senis gavrceleba,
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa eqspedicia- kvebisaTvis uvargisi produqtiT vaWroba.
sa da saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobas sisx- knorringis mier Sedgenil danaSaule-
lis samarTlis saqmeebze ganaCeni rusuli baTa nusxaSi sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulebani
kanonebis mixedviT gamohqonda, Tanac proku- erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad ar iyo gamijnuli,
roris monawileobis gareSe. unda aRiniSnos, rac saSualebas aZlevda mosamarTles mZime
rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa warmoeba danaSauli msubuqad Seefasebina an piriqiT.
ruseTis imperiaSic ar iyo mowesrigebuli. kerZod, ZarcvaTa umravlesobisTvis mosamar-
mosamarTleebi sargeblobdnen ruseTis mefis Tles SeeZlo TaRliTobis kvalifikacia
aleqsi mixeilis Zis 1649 wlis ZeglisdebiT mieca. ZarcvisaTvis ki, naZarcvis fasis miuxe-
da piotr I-is samxedro artikuliT. saqarT- davad, kanoni iTvaliswinebda garozgvas an
veloSi knoringma am ori sakanonmdeblo aqtis katorRas.
gamoyeneba praqtikulad akrZala da sasamarT- saqarTvelosaTvis sruliad miuRebeli
los piradad misca CamonaTvali, Tu ra unda iyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvra dazara-
CaTvliliyo sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad, lebulis gancxadebis gareSe. rusuli mmarT-
anu, ganisazRvra is qmedebebi, romlebic ar velobis damyarebis Semdeg damkvidrda praq-
unda CaTvliliyo samoqalaqo samarTaldar- tika, romlis mixedviTac saqmis aRZvrisaT-
Rvevad da ar unda gansjiliyo vaxtang VI-is vis dazaralebulis gancxadeba aucilebeli
samarTliT. knorringis CamonaTvali aseTi ar iyo. policia TviTon aRZravda saqmes da
98
vaxtang guruli
cdilobda gaerkvia: vis mimarT iqna Cadenili arCevda. viTareba imdenad garTulda, rom se-
danaSauli, ra danaSauli iqna Cadenili, ro- riozulad daiZaba urTierToba saqarTvelos
dis iqna danaSauli Cadenili, sad iqna dana- mmarTvel piotr kovalenskisa da qarTl-
Sauli Cadenili, rogor iqna danaSauli Cad- kaxeTSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris meTaur
enili, vis mier iqna danaSauli Cadenili. am general-maior ivan lazarevs Soris. isedac
sakiTxebis garkvevis Semdeg iwyeboda damnaSa- mZime urTierToba moulodnelad kidev ufro
vis dakiTxva, misi patimrobaSi ayvana da Sem- daiZaba erTi SemTxvevis gamo.
deg sasamarTloSi gagzavna. yarsis faSam ivan lazarevs Tavisi war-
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis aRmas- momadgenlis xeliT werilebi gaugzavna, rom-
rulebel saqmeTa eqspedicia regionebSi Ta- lebic xelSi Cauvarda kovalenskis. erT-erTi
vis uflebamosilebas ganaxorcielebda samaz- werili, romelic piradad lazarevs gamoug-
ro sasamarTloebis, mazris saerobo poli- zavna faSam, kovalenskim adresats gadasca,
ciis, qalaqebis komendantebisa da mouravebis xolo danarCenebi TavisTan daitova. wer-
meSveobiT. mazris saerobo policiis mmarT- ilebis Targmnis Semdeg gairkva, rom faSa
veloba, romelsac rusi erovnebis kapitan- Tavis warmomadgenels lazarevTan pirispir
ispravniki edga saTaveSi, valdebuli iyo kon- Sexvedrasa da molaparakebas avalebda. Tu
troli daewesebina vaWrobaze, konkretulad raze unda molaparakebuliyvnen, amaze weri-
ki, fasebze. misi movaleoba iyo aseve, mazris lebSi araferi iyo naTqvami. kovalenskisTan
teritoriaze mawanwalebis dakaveba. samazro Sexvedrisas lazarevs eWvi gauCnda, rom yove-
qalaqebis komendantebi rusi oficrebi iyvnen. live es SeiZleba provokacia yofiliyo. gen-
aravin uwyoda maTi ufleba-movaleoba da eralma yarsis faSasTan Sexvedra moiTxova.
saerTod, am Tanamdebobis SemoRebis mizani. gairkva, rom kovalenskis yarsis faSas war-
kapitan-ispravnikebisa da komendantebisaTvis momadgeneli ukanve gaebrunebina. lazarevma
micemuli instruqcia TiTqmis mTlianad em- brZaneba gasca, qalaqis karibWeebSi mdgar
Txveoda erTmaneTs, ris gamoc es ori mox- yaraulTa razmebTan gamoerkviaT, Semovida
ele erTi da igive saqmis keTebiT iyo daka- Tu ara TbilisSi ucxoeli, romelsac werile-
vebuli. gansxvaveba mxolod is iyo, rom kobi mihqonda ruseTis jaris meTaurTan da, Tu
mendants metwilad mxolod qalaqis saqmeebi ucxoeli namdvilad Semovida qalaqSi, ratom
exeboda, kapitan-ispravniks _ mTeli mazrisa. ar warudgines igi jaris meTaurs. kovalens-
gaurkveveli iyo is, Tu ra uflebebi hqon- kim es brZaneba ukanonod miiCnia da lazarevs
da kapitan-ispravniks sakuTriv qalaqSi. vi- knoringTan uCivla. knoringma, romelic brmad
Tareba imdenad garTulda, rom lazarevma endoboda kovalenskis, sayveduri gamoucxada
TxovniT mimarTa knorings ganemarta misTvis lazarevs da Tanac ganumarta, TbilisSi Se-
qalaqis komendantis uflebebi. lazarevi imis mosuli yvela ucxoeli unda gamocxaddes
garkvevasac iTxovda, rogori urTierToba qalaqis komendantTan, romelic uSualod
unda daemyarebinaT qalaqebis komendantebTan emorCileba saqarTvelos mmarTvelso. laza-
ruseTis jaris meTaurebs. saqarTvelos mTa- revisadmi gamogzavnili mowerilobis asli
varsardalma lazarevs acnoba, rom qalaqebis knoringma kovalenskis gaugzavna, romelmac
komendantebi dainiSnen ara samxedro, aramed es moweriloba yvela qalaqis komendantsa da
politikuri mosazrebiT da ruseTis jaris yvela mazris saerobo policiis mmarTvelo-
meTaurebs isini verafriT ver SezRudavdnen. bas (kapitan-ispravnikebs) daugzavna. yovelive
miuxedavad am ganmartebisa, qalaqebis komen- es ivan lazarevma pirad Seuracxyofad miiRo.
dantebisa da ruseTis jaris urTierTobaSi samoqalaqo da samxedro xelisuflebas Soris
bevri ram bundovani darCa. qalaqis komen- sastiki dapirispireba daiwyo. aseT pirobeb-
dantebi uSualod saqarTvelos mmarTvels Si kidev ufro imata Zalauflebis borotad
emorCilebodnen da valdebuli iyvnen saqarT- gamoyenebam da qaosma. lazarevma saidanRac
velos uzenaesi mTavrobis gadawyvetilebebi Seityo, rom darejan dedofali erevanSi
SeesrulebinaT. saqarTvelos mmarTvelis myof aleqsandre batoniSvilTan 1.000 mane-
damatebiTma instruqciam saqmeSi kidev ufro Tis tansacmlisa da werilis gagzavnas apir-
didi gaugebroba Seitana. magaliTad, Tbili- ebda. generalma darejan dedoflis Sikri-
sis komendantad daniSnuli piotr kovalen- kis dapatimreba da masTan miyvana moiTxova.
skis uaxloesi naTesavi veqsilebis saqmes Tbilisis komendantma, ramdenime dRis lodi-
99
nis miuxedavad, Sikriki lazarevs ar warud- aRricxva evaleboda. eqspedicias mrCevlad

gina, xolo ganmeorebiTi moTxovnis Semdeg ori qarTveli Tavadi hyavda, romelTagan
lazarevs acnoba, rom darejan dedoflis erTi avadmyofobis gamo samsaxurSi saerTod
Sikriki kovalenskis nebarTviT erevanSi gamg- ar cxaddeboda, xolo meore axalgazrda iyo
zavrebuliyo. daZabuli urTierToba saqarT- da eqspedicias axlos ar ekareboda.
velos mmarTvelsa da ruseTis jaris sardals rusuli mmarTvelobis pirvel xanebs
Soris gagrZelda. daemTxva fasebis zrda produqtsa da sxva
rusuli mmarTveloba qarTl-kaxeTSi saqonelze, daeca oqros kursi, xolo vercx-
SemoiRes erTbaSad, mosaxleobis winaswari lis fulma saerTod dakarga msyidvelobiTi
Semzadebis gareSe. saqarTvelos uzenaesi unari. mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda rusuli
mTavrobisa da eqspediciebis gaxsnisas aravi- jari. jars xelfass CervoneciT unazRau-
Tari RonisZieba ar gatarebula im mizniT, rom rebdnen. erTi Cervoneci udrida 4 maneTsa da
xalxs gaecno xelisuflebis axali daweseb- 80 kapiks. radgan erTi Cervonecis Rirebule-
ulebebi. arc erTma ganaTlebulma qarTvel- ba TbilisSi 13 abazamde daeca, CervonecSi
mac ki ar icoda, Tavisi saqmisaTvis visTvis an ukve ara 4 maneTsa da 80 kapiks, aramed 2 ma-
sad miemarTa. es siZnele miT ufro sagrZnobi neTsa da 60 kapiks iZleodnen. sanam Cervone-
iyo, rom saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobas eva- cis vercxlis fulze gadacvla SeiZleboda,
leboda qarTvelTa qonebasTan dakavSirebuli ukmayofilebac naklebad igrZnoboda, Tum-
sakiTxebis garkveva.
garkveva. didi areuloba da gauge- ca gadamcvleli, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, yovel
broba gamoiwvia ruseTis kanonebis amoqmede- Cervonecze 80 kapiks mainc kargavda. mRel-
bam. ruseTis kanonebi ise Sevida ZalaSi, rom vareba maSin daiwyo, roca Cervonecis vercx-
aravin uwyoda moxeleebis uflebamosilebis lis fulze gadacvla saerTod Sewyda. rus
sazRvrebi; Tavadebma da aznaurebma ar icodnen, jariskacs, romelsac mxolod CervoneciT
ra uflebebi hqondaT glexebze; glexebma ar uxdidnen gasamrjelos, Tbilisis bazarze
icodnen, ra damokidebulebaSi imyofebodnen arafris yidva aRar SeeZlo. vaWrebi, Tu Cer-
isini TavadebTan da aznaurebTan. samarTal- vonecs aiRebdnen, jariskacebs xurdas ar
warmoebas Zalze aferxebda is, rom ruseTis ubrunebdnen, xolo protestis SemTxvevaSi
kanonebi ar Targmnes qarTul enaze. Txovne- myidvels SeZenil saqonels arTmevdnen da
bi, saCivrebi da sxva dokumentebi wardgenili Cervonecs ukan ubrunebdnen. ukeTes mdgo-
unda yofiliyo rusulad. saqarTvelos uzen- mareobaSi arc samoqalaqo moxeleebi iyvnen,
aes mTavrobasa da mis eqspediciebSi ar iyo romlebic gasamrjelos vercxlis fuliT
mTargmnelis Tanamdeboba, moxele da mTxovne- iRebdnen. moxeleebis nawils xelfass Tveo-
li erTmaneTs ver ugebdnen. am mdgomareo- biT ugvianebdnen, garda amisa, kovalenskis
bidan Tavis daRwevis mcdelobisas xelisu- gankargulebiT, saqarTveloSi momuSave rusi
fleba meore ukiduresobaSi Cavarda: miiRes moxeleebis xelfasi ruseTis Sida guber-
dadgenileba imis Taobaze, rom mTxovnels niebSi momuSave moxeleebis anazRaurebaze
zepirad, yovelgvari Secdomis gareSe, unda gacilebiT dabali iyo. xelfasis simcirem
gadmoeca Tavisi saTxovari, winaaRmdeg Sem- da dagvianebam rusi moxeleebis nawili imde-
TxvevaSi, igi sarCelis Setanis uflebas kar- nad gaaRataka, rom sakvebis, tansacmlisa da
gavda. eqspediciebis ufrosebi da rusi mox- fexsacmlis SesaZeni fulic ki ar hqondaT.
eleebi verafers ugebdnen maTTan mrCevlad amis gamo masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo moxeleTa
momuSave qarTvel Tavadebs da amdenad, arc samsaxurSi gamoucxadeblobam. saqarTvelo-
maT azrs iTvaliswinebdnen. Si momuSave rus moxeleebs kreditis aRebis
saqarTvelos mmarTveli ar iyo valde- uflebac ki ar hqondaT. Seqmnili viTarebis
buli saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis re- gamosworeba kovalenskim imiT scada, rom mox-
zidenciaSi gamocxadebuliyo, amitom igi eleebs xelfasis nacvlad mauds urigebdnen.
Tavis sacxovrebel binaSi muSaobda.
muSaobda. saqa- moxele bednierad Tvlida Tavs, Tu miRebul
rTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis sabWo mxolod mauds Tundac mesamed fasad gayidda.
formalurad arsebobda. ar iyo srulyofili saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis mTel
eqspediciebis struqtura. magaliTad, aR- biujets piotr kovalenski gankargavda da
masrulebel eqspediciaSi ar iyo moxele, Tanac ise, rom biujetis arc Semosavlisa da
romelsac Txovnebisa da saCivrebis miReba da arc xarjviTi nawilis Sesaxeb angariSs ara-
100
vaxtang guruli
vis abarebda. bunebrivia, Semosavlisa da xar- kovalenskim daviT batoniSvils ganucxada,

jviTi nawilis aRricxva wesis darRveviT xde- rom man sasaxlis dangrevis nebarTva knor-
boda, magaliTad, kancelariis moxeleTa xel- ringisagan miiRo. kovalenski imiT dakmayo-
fasisaTvis gamoyofili 10.000 maneTis Sesaxeb filda, rom daviT batoniSvils ganumarta:
finansur dokumentSi aRniSnulia: daixarja sasaxlis kedlebs imitom angreven, arsebobs
moxeleTa xelfasis asanazRaureblad 1 no- maTi Camoqcevis saSiSroeba, rac safrTxes
embris CaTvliT. araviTari konkretuli do- uqmnis mimdebare quCaso.
kumenti 10.000 maneTis gankvargvasTan da- xazinis qurdoba da korufcia sabolood
kavSirebiT saqmeSi ar moipoveba. saxazino mZime tvirTad awva qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleo-
eqspediciaSi arasdros Catarebula revizia. bas. Tanamedrovis mogonebebSi aRniSnulia:
xazinaSi Sesuli Tanxa eqspediciaSi ki ar qarTvelebs mravalricxovani samefo saxlis
inaxeboda, aramed _ xazinadris sacxovrebel Senaxva imaze bevrad ufro iafi ujdebodaT, vi-
binaSi yovelgvari dacvis gareSe. sisxlis dre piotr kovalenskisa da sxva rusi didmox-
samarTlis saqmeTa eqspedicias, mravalgzis eleebis xarjebi. amas Tan erTvoda ukanonoba,
Txovnisa da saCivris miuxedavad, saxsrebi ar Zalmomreoba da ganukiTxaoba.
gamoeyo. samagierod, fufunebiT cxovrobda ase darCa motyuebuli qarTveli eri,
kovalenski. mis mier piradi saWiroebisaT- axsovda ki gamwarebul, gaubedurebul xalxs
vis daxarjuli Tanxa finansur dokumentSi imperator aleqsandr I-is 1801 wlis 12 se-
aRiricxeboda, rogorc Tbilisis SemogarenSi qtembris manifestis cru dapireba: am nabi-
qurdebisa da yaCaRebis devnaze gamoyenebu- js vdgamT, „raTa scnaT Tqven fasi keTilad
li. arada, Tbilisis SemogarenSi rusuli ja- mmarTeblobisa, raTa daeSenos Soris Tqven-
ris ramdenime batalioni iyo ganlagebuli, sa mSvidoba, marTlmsajuleba, rwmuneba, vi-
ris gamoc iq qurdebisa da yaCaRebis bande- Tarca nivTTa, esreTve saqonlisaca, raTa
bis Tavmoyra warmoudgeneli iyo da, amdenad, moispos TviTmmarTeblobai da mxecebrivi
policia im adgilebSi arasodes gamoCnde- uTanxmoeba, raTa iqceodes TviToeuli um-
boda. xazinis qurdoba imdenad daufaravad jobesTa sargebelTa TvisTa da sazogadoebi-
mimdinareobda, rom igi Tbiliselebis gan- sadmi daubrkolebelad, Sromismoyvareobdes
sjis sagnad iqca. qalaqSi xmebi dadioda, rom miwisa muSakobasa, ganzraxvaTa, vaWrobaTa da
vaWari begTabegovi
begTabegovi,, romelic kovalenskim xelsaqmeTa Sina, sagrilsa qveSe sjulTa, yov-
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis xazinadrad elTa Tanaswor mfarvelTasa“?..
daniSna, binZur garigebaSi iyo saqarTvelos rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg
mmarTvelTan. kovalenskisa da begTabegovis qarTl-kaxeTSi Seqmnili umZimesi viTareba,
sacxovrebel binebSi yvelas Tvalwin mimdin- sxva mizezebTan erTad, karl knorringisa da
areobda xazinaSi gadasaxadis saxiT Semsuli piotr kovalenski mier qarTuli tradiciebi-
vercxlis fulis gadaxurdaveba. kovalenskim sa da adaT-wesebis sruli ignorirebiT, qa-
saqarTvelos mmarTvelad daniSvnidan sul rTveli eris yvela socialuri fenis abuCad
male Seisyida qarTl-kaxeTSi arsebuli mTeli agdebiTa da TviTnebobiT iyo gamowveuli.
cxvris matyli. gaqnili moxele varaudobda, yovelive es cnobili gaxda ruseTis impera-
rom matyls gadaamuSavebda TbilisSi mSene- tor aleqsandr I-Tvis. 1802 wels TbilisSi
bare maudis fabrikaSi. maudis fabrika xazi- Camovida ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa
nis xarjiT xazinisave kuTvnil miwaze Send- saministros saidumlo agenti da imperatoris
eboda. xarjebis dazogvis mizniT mSeneblebma ndobiT aRWurvili piri, kolegiis asesori
gamoiyenes aRa mahmad xanis mier gadamwvari aleqsandr sokolovi
sokolovi.. sokolovma peter-
erekle II-is sasaxlis nangrevebidan amoRe- burgs obieqturi informacia miawoda qarTl-
buli qva da sxva samSeneblo masala. rusuli kaxeTSi Seqmnili umZimesi viTarebis Sesaxeb.
mmarTvelobisaTvis kargad iyo cnobili, rom 1802 wlis 8 seqtembers aleqsandr I-ma saqa-
sasaxlis nangrevebi daviT batoniSvilis sa- rTvelos mTavarsardali general-leitenan-
kuTreba iyo, xolo mis gamoyenebaze batoniS- ti knorringi Tanamdebobidan gadaayena da
vils nebarTva ar miucia. daviT batoniSvilma 11 seqtembers saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad
kovalenskisTan iCivla, Tumca erekle II-is sa- daniSna general-leitenanti pavel cicianovi
saxlis kedlebis dangreva mainc gagrZelda. (1802-1806).
101
Tavi IV. dakarguli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis

dasawyisi. politikuri gamosvla kaxeTSi 1802 wels
§1. pirveli nabijebi saxelmwifoebriobis aR- sevan WavWavaZis ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg
dgenisaTvis brZolis gzaze yazaxSi ukmayofileba daiwyo, magram TaTrebi
erekle mefem daarwmuna, rom axali mouravi
qarTl-kaxeTTis yofili samefos teri-
maT sazianod arafers moimoqmedebda. ru-
toriaze rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis
seTidan dabrunebis Semdeg garsevan WavWavaZe
pirveli xanebidanve, 1802 wlis gazafxuli-
isev Seudga mouravis movaleobis Sesrulebas.
danve, cxadi gaxda, rom saqarTvelos uzen-
saqarTvelos mmarTvel kovalenskis garsevan
aesi mTavroba da mas daqvemdebarebuli ad-
WavWavaZe ar uyvarda da yazaxis mouraobidan
gilobrivi (samazro) xelisuflebis orga-
mis gadayenebas cdilobda. rusma moxelem
noebi yvela socialuri fenis ukmayofilebas
amisaTvis mzakvruli gza airCia. kovalens-
gamoiwvevda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
kim TavisTan daibara yazaxis mamasaxlisebi
general-leitenanti karl knorringi, saqa-
da maT daavala, garsevan WavWavaZis gaday-
rTvelos mmarTveli piotr kovalenski da
enebis Taobaze Txovna daeweraT. TaTrebma
rusi moxeleebi TiTqmis arafers akeTebdnen
uari ganacxades da aseTi piroba wamoayenes:
mmarTvelobis centraluri da adgilobrivi
Tu garsevan WavWavaZes yazaxis mouraobidan
organoebis Camoyalibebisa da normalurad
gadaayenebdnen, isini aiyrebodnen da saqa-
funqcionirebisaTvis. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
rTvelos teritorias datovebdnen. etyoba,
arsebobis bolo xanebSi qveyanaSi damkvidre-
viTareba imdenad daiZaba, rom 1802 wlis 9
buli anarqia, Zalmomreoba da usamarTloba qa-
ivliss sergei laSqarevma ruseTis imperiis
rTvelebisaTvis bevrad ufro advilad asatani
vice-kanclers yazaxis TaTrebSi dawyebuli
iyo, vidre rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis
mRelvarebis Sesaxeb moaxsena. kovalenskis
Semdeg Seqmnili viTareba _ ganukiTxaoba,
TviTnebobis Sesaxeb 1802 wlis ivlisSi ruse-
abuCad agdeba, damcireba, Zalmomreoba da us-
Tis imperator aleqsandr I-s piradad garse-
amarTloba. yovelive amas Tan erTvoda qa-
van WavWavaZemac acnoba.
rTuli tradiciebisa da erovnuli Rireb-
knoringma da kovalenskim gadasaxadebi
ulebebis abuCad agdeba, enobrivi barieris
gauzardes Tbilisel vaWrebs. gamwarebulma
arsebobiT gamowveuli sirTuleebi. rusuli
vaWrebma knorringis Tbilisidan gamgzavrebis
mmarTveloba erTnairad autaneli aRmoCnda
dRes protestis niSnad duqnebi daketes da
rogorc samefo saxlis wevrebis, Tavadebis,
vaWroba Sewyvites. mdgomareoba seriozu-
aznaurebis, samRvdeloebis, ise glexobisa da
lad daiZaba. apolos musin-puSkinma general
qalaqis mosaxleobisaTvis
mosaxleobisaTvis.. rusuli mmarTv-
lazarevs sTxova saswrafod dabrunebuliyo
eloba seriozul ukmayofilebas iwvevda mus-
TbilisSi da vaWrebi daemSvidebina. musin-
lim mosaxleobaSi _ yazaxSi, SamSadilusa da
puSkini lazarevs acnobebda, rom qarTveli
borCaloSi.
Tavadebic ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamdnen.
axali mmarTvelobiT ukmayofilo kax-
male TbilisSi sayovelTao mRelvareba
eTis Tavadebis nawili 1802 wels erevnis sax-
daiwyo. qalaqis mosaxleoba rusul mmarTv-
anoSi gaiqca, sadac aleqsandre batoniSvili
elobaSi dasaqmebul qarTvelebs pretenziebs
afarebda Tavs. qarTl-kaxeTSi ganlagebuli
uyenebda, xSirad saqme fizikur dapirisp-
ruseTis jaris meTauri general-maiori ivan
irebamdec midioda. darejan dedofalma
lazarevi saqarTvelos mTavarsardal gen-
TbilisSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb erevanSi
eral-leitenant karl knorings moaxsenebda,
myof aleqsandre batoniSvils acnoba da Tan
rom qarTlis TavadebSic didi mRelvareba
1.000 maneTi gaugzavna. duSeTSi myofma vax-
iyo. sagangaSo viTareba iyo yazaxsa da Sam-
tang batoniSvilma mosaxleobas mouwoda, ar
SadiluSi: TaTrebi iranis saxanoebis teri-
damorCilebodnen duSeTis mazris kapitan-
toriaze gadasvlas apirebdnen. erekle II-is
ispravniks. quTaisidan farnavaz batoniS-
dros yazaxs qarTl-kaxeTis mefis mier daniS-
vilma TbilisSi werili gamogzavna da Tavis
nuli mouravi ganagebda. yazaxis mouravi ru-
momxreebs acnoba, rom male imerlebis, le-
seTSi gamgzavrebamde iyo garsevan WavWavaZe,
kebisa da osmalebis laSqarTan erTad Tbili-
romelsac TaTrebi did pativs scemdnen. gar-
sisaken daiZvreboda. farnavaz batoniSvili
102
vaxtang guruli
mosaxleobas daumorCileblobisaken mouwo- apirebdnen borCalos TaTrebic. 1802 wlis

debda. daviT batoniSvili viTomda vercxli 29 ivniss kapitani bartenevi ityobineboda,
sabados damuSavebis mizniT muSebs krefda, rom suramSi myofi Teimuraz batoniSvili Ta-
sinamdvileSi ki sabrZolo razmebs agroveb- vadebsa da mosaxleobas rusebis winaaRmdeg
da. man ganacxada, rom vercxlis sabados daz- amxedrebda. Teimuraz batoniSvilis erTgul
vervis mizniT Tbilisidan borCaloSi miemg- Tavad abaSiZes imereTSi werili gaugzavnia da
zavreboda. rusebisaTvis Tvalis asaxvevad batoniSvilis saxeliT jariT Semweoba uTxo-
daviT batoniSvilma saqmis kursSi Caayena apo- via. kapitan bartenevs Tavis moxsenebaSi sity-
los musin-puSkini. rogorc Cans, rusi mox- va-sityviT mohyavs Teimuraz batoniSvilsa da
ele daviT batoniSvils ganzraxvas miuxvda, vinme xadirbekovs Soris gamarTuli saubris
ris gamoc werilze pasuxi daugviana, bolos Sinaarsi:
ki borCaloSi gamgzavrebis gadadeba urCia. Teimuraz batoniSvili: ratom ar modixad
daviT batoniSvili mainc gaemgzavra. amjerad CemTan? etyoba, rusebis erTguli xar.
wasvlis mizezad avadmyofobis Semdeg gankur- xadirbekovi: erTguli var, imitom, rom
nebisaTvis aucilebeli borCalos hava daas- davifice.
axela. borCaloSi Casvlas gegmavdnen ale- Teimuraz batoniSvili: me SemiZlia vace-
qsandre da sxva batoniSvilebic. kaTolikos- mino Seni Tavi da daviT batoniSvilsac vac-
patriarqi anton II rom darejan dedofalsa nobo Sen Sesaxeb. is Sen cixeSi Cagsvams, kapit-
da batoniSvilebs uWerda mxars, amis Sesaxeb nisa (bartenevisa _ v. g.) da rusebis imedad
TbilisSi sagangebo misiiT Camosulma rusma nu iqnebi. oci dRis Semdeg aq rusebi aRar
moxele aleqsandr sokolovma peterburgSi iqnebian.
gagzavnil moxsenebaSi aRniSna. xadirbekovi: sadac rusebi iqnebian, mec
darejan dedofali Tavis momxre Ta- iq viqnebi.
vadebs da, saerTod, mosaxleobas arwmunebda, kapitan bartenevs 1802 wlis 29 ivni-
rom rusebis damarcxeba SesaZlebeli iyo. sis moxsenebaSi imis aRniSvnac ar daviwyebia,
amave dros, dedofali emuqreboda rusul rom suramis eklesiebSi wirvaze ruseTis im-
mmarTvelobaSi dasaqmebul qarTvel Tavadeb- perators ki ar ixseniebdnen, aramed _ daviT
sa da aznaurebs, saerTod yvelas, vinc ru- da Teimuraz batoniSvilebs. meore moxsene-
seTisadmi keTilganwyobas iCenda. dedofali baSi kapitani wers, rom 1802 wlis 5 ivliss
cdilobda Tavad ioane orbelianis gadmobi- suramis mcxovrebma nikoloz WubaZem (rusul
rebas, am mizniT mas rusebis mier CamorT- dedanSi: Николай Чубадзе
Чубадзе)) kapitan bartenevs
meuli qonebis dabrunebas hpirdeboda. io- acnoba, rom Teimuraz batoniSvilma Tbili-
ane orbelianma werilobiTi garantiis micema sidan da imereTidan werilebi miiRo. wer-
moiTxova. dedofali Tanaxma iyo, TavadisaT- ilebis wakiTxvis Semdeg batoniSvils Tavad
vis werilobiTi garantia mieca mxolod im abaSiZisaTvis uTqvams, bambakSi ganlagebul
SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi erTgulebis fics dadeb- rusebis razms iranelebi amowyveteno. 1802
da. ioane orbelianma dedoflis erTgulebaze wlis 2 da 5 ivliss kapitanma bartenevma
daficeba ar isurva da, amdenad, verc sasur- polkovnik fiodor simonoviCs moaxsena, rom
veli dokumenti miiRo. rusebs SeumCneveli Tavadi abaSiZe Taimuraz batoniSvils axal-
ar darCeniaT didi xnis ganmavlobaSi Tavis cixis faSasTan dakavSirebaSi exmareboda.
gerTan, daviT batoniSvilTan, dapirispire- imave Tavad abaSiZes, rogorc ivan lazarevi
buli mariam dedofali rogor Seurigda am moaxsenebda pavel cicianovs 1803 wlis 18
ukanasknels da xSirad stumrobda mas. ruseb- Tebervals gagzavnil werilSi, gauvrcelebia
ma sando wyarodan Seityves im werilebis Si- Wori, Tbilisidan georgievskSi mimavali karl
naarsi, romelTac 1802 wels aleqsandre ba- knorringi mTielebma mokles, aseve mTlianad
toniSvili ugzavnida yazaxis TaTrebs. igi gawyvites misi gamcilebeli kazakTa razmio.
Tavis momxreebs hpirdeboda, rom male ja- knorringis daRupvis ambavi duSeTis mazris
riT movidoda, magram ara qveynis awiokebis, mosamarTlesTan saubarSi daudasturebia
aramed rusebis gandevnis mizniT. werilebis vaxtang batoniSvilsac.
miRebis Semdeg TaTrebi erevanSi eaxlnen ale-
qsandre batoniSvils da saCuqrebi miarTves.
aleqsandre batoniSvilTan gamocxadebas
103
§2. ruseTis xelisuflebis RonisZiebani vi- vils urCies rusebisaTvis Tvalis axvevis
Tarebis gansamuxtavad mizniT xma gaevrcelebina, rom jars viTomda
lekebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad krebda.
Teimuraz batoniSvilis qmedebebs sur-
vaxtangi molaparakebas awarmoebda osebTan,
amSi Zalze SeuSfoTebia ivan lazarevi. gen-
raTa am ukanasknelT Tagauris xeobaSi gama-
erals piotr kovalenskisaTvis uTxovia, rom
vali gza gadaeketaT.
yvela batoniSvili, pirvel rigSi, Teimurazi,
mRelvareba yvelaze metad TbilisSi
TbilisSi daebarebina. kovalenskisagan pa-
igrZnoboda. qalaqis mosaxleoba batoniS-
suxis miRebamde lazarevi viTarebis adgil-
vilebis Tavdasxmis molodinSi iyo. xma
ze gasarkvevad suramSi gamgzavrebula. 1802
gavrcelda, rom TbilisSi ganlagebuli ru-
wlis 13 ivliss suramSi mimavali lazarevi
seTis jari brZolaSi ar Caembeboda, Tu ba-
gzaSi Teimuraz batoniSvils Sexvedria. ba-
toniSvilebi mas samSobloSi uvneblad dab-
toniSvils, rodesac generlis suramSi gamg-
runebis garantias miscemdnen. batoniSvilebi
zavrebis ambavi Seutyvia, Sexvedris Tavidan
Tbiliselebs arwmunebdnen: ruseTis jari
acilebis mizniT gorSi wasvla gadauwyvetia.
saswrafod datovebda Tbiliss, raTa manam
orivesaTvis arasasiamovno Sexvedra SemTx-
gaeRwia saqarTvelodan, sanam aragvis xeobis
veviT mainc Sedga. batoniSvilsa da rus gen-
mosaxleoba gzas gadaketavda. Tbilisidan
erals ar usaubriaT, ise dascildnen erT-
ruseTis jaris gasvlas mosaxleoba miesalme-
maneTs. suramSi Casulma lazarevma dakiTxa
boda, magram yvelas afiqrebda lekebis Semose-
Tavadi abaSiZe. 1802 wlis 18 ivlisiT aris
vis Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli xmebi. Tbiliselebis
daTariRebuli moxseneba, romelic lazarevma
gamxnevebis mizniT darejan dedofalma avla-
knorings gaugzavna, moviyvanT fragments am
bris xidi daawvevina, raTa am mxridan qalaqSi
dakiTxvidan:
lekTa SeWris safrTxe Tavidan aecilebina.
ivan lazarevi: ram gaiZulaT iseTi qmede-
dedoflis davalebiT Tbilisis SemogarenSi
ba, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba Tqven mier xelm-
ramdenjerme gaisroles zarbaznidan, xolo
wife imperatorisadmi micemul fics?
meore diliT xma gaavrceles, rom ruseTis
Tavadi abaSiZe:
abaSiZe: ar vici, ra qmedebebis
jarma lekebs saTanado winaaRmdegoba ver
Sesaxeb saubrobT.
gauwia, ris gamoc mteri qalaqs Seuferxeblad
ivan lazarevi: ratom ar daemorCileT sa-
mouaxlovdao. sinamdvileSi, lekebi Tbilisze
samarTlos?
Tavdasxmas arc apirebdnen. yovelive es (xi-
Tavadi abaSiZe: imitom, rom Cven glexebT-
dis dawva da zarbaznebidan gasrola) ruseTis
an gagvaTanabres.
xelisuflebis ususurobis demonstrirebi-
lazarevi knorings moaxsenebda, Tavadi
saTvis keTdeboda. rusebisadmi undobloba
abaSiZe da misi momxreebi davapatimre, Teimu-
dRiTidRe izrdeboda.
izrdeboda. 1802 wlis 20 ivliss
raz batoniSvili dromde SeiZleba gorSi
lazarevi kronings moaxsenebda, Tavadebsa da
darCeso.
aznaurebs Soris ruseTis erTgulTa ricxvi
lazarevis SeSfoTeba imiTac iyo
sagrZnoblad Semcirdao. generali werda:
gamowveuli, rom batoniSvilebis gaaqtiure-
yazaxisa da borCalos mosaxleobis da saer-
bas daerTo lekTa Semosevebi. generals eWvi
Tod TaTrebis ndoba ar SeiZleba, isini ru-
hqonda, rom lekebs darejan dedofali da
seTis winaaRmdeg arian ganwyobili da ganjis
batoniSvilebi aqezebdnen. lazarevi daaskvn-
xanis daxmarebis imedi aqvTo. lazarevi miiC-
ida, rom samefo saxlis wevrebs erTaderTi
nevda, erevnis xanis neitraliteti didxans ar
mizani amoZravebdaT: mosaxleoba rusuli
gastans da isic ganjis xans miemxrobao.
mmarTvelobis ususurobaSi unda darwmunebu-
Seqmnil viTarebaSi Tbilisis mosaxleo-
liyo.. 1802 wlis 20 ivliss lazarevi knorings
liyo
bis ndobis mopoveba rusebs mxolod mizan-
swerda: darejan dedofali da batoniSvilebi
dasaxuli da energiuli moqmedebiT SeeZloT.
mosaxleobas ruseTis winaaRmdeg ajanyebi-
pirvel rigSi, aucilebeli iyo qarTl-kaxeTis
saTvis amzadebeno.
samxreT sazRvrebis dacva, saidanac ganjisa
imereTSi TavSefarebul batoniSvilebs
da erevnis xanebis Semoseva iyo mosalod-
Zalze sWirdebodaT duSeTSi myofi vaxtang
neli, aseve lekTa moTareSe razmebis alag-
batoniSvilis daxmareba, romelsac ruseTis
mva. ivan lazarevma ganjisa da erevnis saxa-
winaaRmdeg aragvis xeobis mosaxleobis am-
nosTan arsebuli sazRvrebi moinaxula, iyo
boxeba SeeZlo. quTaisidan vaxtang batoniS-
104
vaxtang guruli
bambakSi, yazaxsa da borCaloSi, xolo Semdeg polki, donis kazakTa 2 polki. ruseTis ja-
Sulaveris SemogarenSi. generali yvelgan ris saerTo raodenoba daaxloebiT 7.000
erTsa da imave suraTs xedavda: ganuwyveteli oficriT, jariskaciTa da damxmare person-
Tavdasxmebisagan soflebi gaZarcvuli iyo, aliT ganisazRvreboda. debulebiT qveiTTa
gansakuTrebiT es exeboda ganjisa da erevnis polkSi 8.064 oficeri da jariskaci unda yo-
saxanoebis momijnave raionebs. bambakisa da filiyo, grenaderTa da muSketerTa polkSi
SamSadilus mosaxleobam lazarevs moZalede- _ 2.160, egerTa polkSi _ 1.584. saqarTveloSi
Tagan dacva mosTxova. bambakSi ruseTis ja- gamogzavnili polkebi bolomde ar iyo da-
ris muSketerTa 2 da egerTa 1 aseuli iyo gan- kompleqtebuli. 1802 wlis 26 marts saqarT-
lagebuli, samive aseuls mxolod erTi zarba- velos mTavarsardali karl kroningi impera-
zani gaaCnda. Tavdapirvelad SamSadiluSi ru- tor aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda, rom saqarT-
seTis jari saerTod ar idga. TbilisSi yof- veloSi ganlagebul jars sxvadasxva juris
nis dros 1802 wels kroningma brZaneba gasca mZarcvelTa devna tyeebsa da xeobebSi uxde-
bambakSi damatebiT gaegzavnaT egerTa kidev 1 boda, ris gamoc vadaze adre cvdeboda fex-
aseuli da 80 cxenosani kazaki, xolo iq gan- sacmeli (Ceqma). generali imperators sTxov-
lagebuli jarebis saerTo meTaurad daniSna da jarisaTvis damatebiT gamoeyo fexsacmeli
egerTa me-17 polkis meTauri polkovniki pav- im gaangariSebiT, rom 7.000 oficridan da
el kariagini.
kariagini. SamSadilus mxridan sazRvris jariskacidan yovelwliurad naxevars (3.500
dacvis mizniT iq muSketerTa 1 aseuli, eger- kacs) mainc mieRo axali Ceqma. imperatorma
Ta 8 aseuli da 70 cxenosani kazaki gaigza- Txovna daakmayofila.
vna. SamSadiluSi gadatanili iqna 3 zarbazani. mRelvareba Tbilissa da qarTl-kaxeTSi
SamSadilus mxridan sazRvris dacva imdenad sul ufro da ufro matulobda. ivan laza-
mniSvnelovani iyo, rom iq ganlagebuli ruse- revi TandaTan rwmundeboda, rom mas arasa-
Tis jaris saerTo sardloba general-maior surveli gadawyvetilebis miReba mouwevda,
ivan lazarevs daevala. sazRvaris dasaca- rac bolomde daukompleqtebeli da cudad
vad gamiznuli jaris gaZlierebas knorringi Cacmuli polkebis mcire razmebad daSla-
mogvianebiT apirebda. jaris damatebiTi sa da sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT gagzavnaSi
nawilebis ganlageba aucilebeli iyo qarTl- gamoixateboda. 1802 wlis 20 agvistos apolos
kaxeTis Sida raionebSic, raTa mosaxleobis musin-puSkini peterburgSi gagzavnil mox-
mRelvarebis SemTxvevaSi xelisufleba mzad senebSi werda, rom saqarTveloSi myofi ruse-
yofiliyo dauyonebliv CaexSo igi. Tis jari mZime mdgomareobaSi iyo: TbilisSi
qarTl-kaxeTSi ganlagebuli ruseTis mdgar grenaderTa da egerTa polkebs araTu
jari sakmarisi ar iqneboda iranis Semosevis yovelkvireulad, aramed yoveldRiurad ux-
mosagerieblad, es kargad uwyodnen rogorc debodaT lekTa Tu adgilobriv mZarcvelTa
karl knoringma, ise ivan lazarevma. SemuSave- razmebis devna. musin-puSkini aRniSnavda: dev-
buli iqna sagangebo gegma: Tu iranis Sahi na xSirad warumateblad mTavrdeba, radgan
feThi ali qarTl-kaxeTis sazRvrebSi Semoi- qveiT grenaderebsa da egerebs cxenosani
Wreboda, generali lazarevi ruseTis jaris razmebis devna ar SeuZliaTo.
ZiriTadi ZalebiT erevnis mimarTulebiT saqarTvelos rusul mmarTvelobas le-
unda daZruliyo. imavdroulad saqarTvelos kTa Temebis mamasaxlisebma qarTl-kaxeTSi
mmarTvel piotr kovalenskis qiziySi, yazaxsa Semosvlisa da vaWrobis ufleba sTxoves.
da bambakSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobidan jari rusebma CaTvales, rom vaWroba xels Seuwy-
unda Seekriba. gadawyda iranis laSqars saz- obda lekTa Tavdasxmebis Tu aRkveTas ara,
RvarTan ki ar dalodebodnen, aramed erevnis Semcirebas mainc. Tbiliseli vaWrebic imave
saxanos teritoriaze. am gadawyvetilebas ar azrisani iyvnen. 1802 wlis 15 maiss karl kro-
eTanxmeboda lazarevi, radgan mcire jarebiT ningma lekebis mamasaxlisebs acnoba rom,
erevnis saxanos teritoriaze SeWra sariskod maTi Txovna daakmayofila. saqarTvelosTan
miaCnda. vaWrobis dawyebisaTvis lek mamasaxlisebs
1802 wlis zafxulisaTvis qarTlsa da xelSekrulebaze unda moeweraT xeli da Tan
kaxeTSi sul ganlagebuli iyo: kavkasiis gre- TbilisSi TavianTi mZevlebi gamoegzavnaT.
naderTa polki, Tbilisis muSketerTa polki, xelSekruleba xelmoweril iqna, Tumca le-
yabardos muSketerTa polki, egerTa me-17 kebma mZevlebi ar gamoagzavnes. 1802 wlis
105
ivlisSi lekebis pirvelma qaravanma kaxeTis TeTo. rusi Cinovniki cinikurad acxadebda,
sazRvari gadmokveTa. saqarTvelosTan mSvi- rom Txovnisa da sCivris dakmayofileba-ar-
dobian urTierTobas lekebis yvela Temi ar dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas pi-
emxroboda, ris gamoc lazarevi kvlav ruse- radad miiRebda.
Tis jaris raodenobis gazrdas moiTxovda. es 1802 wlis 20 ivlisis meore naxevridan
miT ufro aucilebeli iyo, rom iranis laSqa- kaxeTSi viTareba dRiTidRe iZabeboda:
ri naxWevanidan 60 versis moSorebiT idga, 1. piotr kovalenski ivan lazarevs swer-
xolo daRestnidan Warsa da belaqanSi Tavs da: kaxeTSi darRveulia mSvidoba da Tavadebi
iyridnen lekTa razmebi. ganjis xani aSkarad rusuli mmarTvelobis dasamxobad emzadebia-
uWerda mxars ruseTis yvela mters. jer- no. lazarevi saswrafod gamocxadda kovalen-
jerobiT neitralitets inarCunebda erevnis skisTan da kaxeTSi mRelvarebis jaris gamoy-
xani. rusebi Tavdasxmas elodnen imereTis enebiT CaxSoba SesTavaza, magram saqarTvelos
samefos mxridanac. mmarTvelma samxedro Zalis gamoyenebisagan
YTavi Seikava da Tavisi gadawyvetileba laza-
revs ase ganumarta: umjobesia movicadoT,
§3. politikuri gamosvla kaxeTSi 1802 wels dae, mRelvareba ajanyebaSi gadaizardos, Cven
1802 wels qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarT- ki ajanyebis CaxSobisaTvis jildos davimsax-
velobis SemoRebis Semdeg, rogorc aRvniS- urebTo.
neT, saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma karl 2. kavkasiis xazze, georgievskSi, myofi
knoringma Tbilisi datova da georgievskSi kavkasiis xazisa da saqarTvelos mTavarsarda-
gaemgzavra. amis Semdeg igi TbilisSi aRar dali karl knorringi TbilisSi myof kovalen-
brunebula. mTeli Zalaufleba saqarTvelos skis werda: Cemamde movida xmebi, rom samefo
mmarTvel piotr kovalenskis xelSi gadavida. saxlis wevrebi kaxeTSi mosaxleobis amboxebas
qarTl-kaxeTSi ganlagebuli jaris saerTo cdiloben, maT kavSiri aqvT aleqsandre ba-
meTauri general-maiori ivan lazarevi iyo. toniSvilTano. kroningma kovalenskis acnoba,
kovalenskis mmarTvelobam male sayovelTao rom man lazarevs saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi am-
ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. boxebis CasaxSobad jaris gamoyenebis ufleba
1. mRelvarebis dasawyisi kaxeTSi. 1802 misca.
wlis ivlisis bolos kaxeTSi mRelvareba dai- 3. kaxeTSi myofi general-maiori ale-
wyo. mosaxleobaSi gavrcelda xmebi, rom male qsei leontievi ivan lazarevs moaxsenebda:
yvela kaxel Tavads ruseTSi gaiwvevdnen, qa- yabardos muSketerTa polkis meTaurma pod-
rTvelebs cimbirSi gadaasaxlebdnen da maT polkovnikma karl soleniusma siRnaRis maz-
adgilze kazakebs Camoasaxlebdnen. SeiZleba ris kapitan-ispravnik sokolonskis moxsene-
cimbirSi gadasaxlebis saSiSroeba yvelas rebaze dayrdnobiT macnoba, rom aleqsandre
alurad arc ki eCveneboda, magram mosaxleoba batoniSvili didi jariT belaqanSi Cavida da
Zalze SeSinda, roca gavrcelda xmebi axal- qarTl-kaxeTSi SemosaWrelad emzadebao. ale-
gazrdobis ruseTis jarSi gawvevis Sesaxeb. qsei leontievi imave karl soleniusis moax-
Relavda samRvdeloebac. mRelvarebis mizezi senebaze dayrdnobiT, ivan lazarevs acmo-
is iyo, rom gavrcelebuli xmebis mixedviT, bebda: kaxeTis amboxebuli Tavadebi apireben
qarTvelebs uZrav qonebas CamoarTmevdnen. soflebSi ganlagebul ruseTis jars am so-
mRelvarebam kulminacias miaRwia mas Semdeg, flebis datovebisaken mouwodon da Tu uars
rac gavrcelda xma, rom male mosaxleobas miiReben, Tavs daesxneno.
ori wlis gadasaxads erTbaSad mosTxovdnen. 2. kaxeTis Tavadebis Txovna ruseTis im-
kaxeTSi mRelvarebis dawyebis sababad perators.. 1802 wlis zafxulSi kaxeTidan
perators
iqca Telavis mazris kapitan-ispravnikis TbilisSi Camoitanes ruseTis imperator ale-
gancxadeba kaxeTSi mouraobis gauqmebis Ses- qsandr I-is saxelze Sedgenili Txovna. kavkasi-
axeb. is kaxeli Tavadebi, romelTa ZiriTad is arqeografiuli komisiis aqtebSi gamoqvey-
Semosavals mouravis sargo warmoadgenda, nebul am dokuments TariRi ar uzis. CvenT-
ukiduresad aRSfoTdnen. Telavis kapitan- vis ucnobia dedans ar hqonda TariRi, Tu igi
ispravniki sofel-sofel daidoda da mo- gamomcemlebs gamorCaT. adolf berJes es do-
saxleobas auwyebda: amieridan Tqveni mouravi kumenti 1802 wlis 21 ivlisiT daTariRebuli
me var da TxovniTa da saCivriTac me mommar- dokumentis (kaxeli Tavadebis werili gener-
106
vaxtang guruli
al-maior vasili guliakovs) win mouTavsebia ès

es franciulT msgavsi respublikaoba iqnebo-
krebulSi. Sinaarsobrivadac aleqsandr I-is da Cvengan. Cuens batonebs ra dauSavebiaT Cven-
saxelze Sedgenili Txovna 1802 wlis ivlisis zeda, rom uar vyoT? aTas ori weli meti aris,
meore naxevars unda ganekuTvnebodes. Txov- rom bagratovanni memkvidreoben da egreTve
nas xels awerda 69 kaci, Tavadebi: revaz an- qristesTvis da CvenTvis sisxli dauTxeviaT
dronikaSvili, Tavadi svimon andronikaSvili, da Cuenc amaT win amowyvetil-varT mravalni~.
mravalni
Tavadi solomon andronikaSvili, Tavadi dimi- imperatorisadmi TavianT Txovnas kaxeTis Ta-
tri andronikaSvili, Tavadi luarsab vaCnaZe, vadebi ase ayalibebdnen: `.. mefis iraklis an-
Tavadi revaz beburiSvili, Tavadi daviT aba- derZi dagvimtkicoT da im anderZis wesiT mefe
SiZe, Tavadi adam andronikaSvili, Tavadi ioseb dagvisvaT da Cvenis mefiT Tqvens mfarvelobas
andronikaSvili, Tavadi ivane andronikaSvili, qveS gvamyofoT da raoden Cveni SeZleba iyos,
Tavadi giorgi ColoyaSvili, nekreseli mit- ise gvimsaxuroT~.
gvimsaxuroT
ropoliti, Tavadi revaz vaxvaxiSvili, dimi- ruseTis imperatorisadmi Txovnis
tri ColoyaSvili, Tavadi durmiSxan ColoyaS- daweris Semdeg kaxelma Tavadebma TbilisSi
vili, Tavadi daviT qobuliSvili, Tavadi svi- myof garsevan WavWavaZes acnobes, rom ale-
mon qobuliSvili, ivane WavWavaZe, Tavadi merab qsandr I-s erekle II-is anderZis damtkiceba
WavWavaZe, Tavadi ioseb WavWavaZe, Tavadi revaz da mefed iulon batoniSvilis gamocxadeba
jandieri, paata zaraspis Ze sulxaniSvili, da- sTxoves. Tavadebi garsevan WavWavaZes werd-
viT mayaSvili, aslan vaCnaZe, Tavadi aidemur nen: Sen TviTon gadawyvite, SemogvierTdebi
vaCnaZe, Tavadi solomon vaCnaZe, Tavadi svi- Tu dumils arCevo.
mon vaCnaZe, Tavadi solomon vaCnaZe, Tavadi 3. xelisuflebis RonisZiebani mRelva-
ioseb vaCnaZe, Tavadi paata evgenis Ze abaSiZe, rebis CaxSobis mizniT. 1802 wlis 22 ivliss
Tavadi giorgi jorjaZe, Tavadi grigol jor- TelavSi myofi general-maiori vasili gu-
jaZe, xarWaSneli mitropoliti (ColoyaSvili), liakovi ivan lazarevs moaxsenebda: ruseTis
arqimandriti iovakime, Tavadi zurab jorjaZe, winaaRmdeg dawyebul amboxebaSi monawile
eniselis mouravi Tavadi dimitri jorjaZe, kaxeli Tavadebis dapatimreba da TelavSi
giorgi WavWavaZe, kirile avaliSvili, Tavadi moyvanis brZaneba gavecio. generali verafers
fridon jandieri, Tavadi zaqaria vaCnaZe, Ta- ambobda imis Sesaxeb, Tu rodis Sesruldebo-
vadi ivane afxazi.
afxazi. 69 xelismomwers Soris 9 da mis mier gacemuli brZaneba. imave dRes, 22
kaci ase awers xels
xels:: zaqaria mouravis-Svili ivliss, guliakovi lazarevs meore moxsenebas
Tavadi abel, jandieris-Svili daviT, Tavadi ugzavnis, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom kaxeT-
martyofis mouravi iovane, Tavadi ivane eras- Si dawyebuli amboxebis organizatorebi Ta-
tis-Svili, Tavadi kalauris mouravi jandier- vadebi svimon da daviT qobuliSvilebi,
qobuliSvilebi, xolo
is-Svili oman, Tavadi grigolis-Svili ninia, maTi Tanamoazreebi Tavadi ioseb WavWavaZe da
konstantines Ze ioseb, luarsab Tarxani, jand- arqimandriti elefTeri (zukakiSvili) iyvnen.
ieris-Svili farsadan. aRsaniSnavia, rom ram- moxsenebidan irkveva, rom ioseb WavWavaZe da
denime xelismomwers (dimitri ColoyaSvils, arqimandriti elefTeri generals daupatim-
ivane WavWavaZes, paata zaraspis Ze sulxaniS- rebia. ioseb WavWavaZes bralad edeboda kax-
vils, daviT mayaSvils, aslan vaCnaZes, giorgi eTSi mowodebebis dagzavna da mefobis aRsad-
WavWavaZes, kirile avaliSvils xelmowerisas genad xelmowerebis Segroveba.
socialuri wodeba ar miuniSnebiaT). kavkasiis 1802 wlis 22 ivliss piotr kovalenski
arqeografiuli komisiis aqtebSi dabeWdil ivan lazarevs swerda, rom kaxeTis amboxebaSi
dokuments 69 xelmoweris nacvlad 55 xel- monawileobdnen Tavadebi: giorgi ColoyaS-
mowera erTvis, rogorc Cans, 14 xelmowera vili, dimitri ColoyaSvili,, daviT ColoyaS-
raime mizeziT dokumentis gamocemisas gamor- vili, svimon qobuliSvili, daviT qobuliSvi-
CaT an gamotoves. li, Tarxani, luarsab jandieri, oman jandieri,
kaxeli Tavadebis Txovna ruseTis imper- ioseb WavWavaZe, ninia WavWavaZe, revaz vaCnaZe
atorisadmi Zalze saintereso dokumentia. da arqimandriti elefTeri (zukakiSvili)
(zukakiSvili)..
rogorc Cans, rusebi xmas avrcelebdnen, rom 1802 wlis 22 ivliss kovalenski meore wer-
qarTvelebma TviTon iTxoves qarTl-kaxeTSi ils ugzavnis lazarevs. werilSi aRniSnulia,
mefobis gauqmeba. werilze xelis momwerni rom aucilebeli iyo samefo saxlis wevrebze
amas kategoriulad uaryofen da acxadeben: mkacri meTvalyureobis daweseba. saqarT-
107
velos mmarTveli gansakuTrebiT gamoyofda bilebTan molaparakeba ucdia. mas qelmen-

TbilisSi myof darejan dedofals,
dedofals, duSeTSi Curze 100 kaci daxvedria, maT Soris bodbeli
myof vaxtang da borCaloSi myof daviT ba- mitropoliti ioane. soleniusi aRniSnavs, rom
toniSvilebs..
toniSvilebs Sekrebilebs misTvis Seuracxyofa miuyenebi-
1802 wlis 24 ivliss generali vasili gu- aT, bolos igi lazarevs acnobebda, rom qel-
liakovi kovalenskis moaxsenebda, rom adre menCurze SekrebilTa dasaSlelad mas mzad
dapatimrebulTa garda man daapatimra: aznau- hyavda batalioni. podpolkovniki generals
ri daviT aleqsiSvili,
aleqsiSvili, Tavad svimon qobuliS- sTxovda, amboxebulebTan mosalaparakeblad
vilis vaJi Tamazi
Tamazi,, dekanozi xelaSvili
xelaSvili. SeerCia masze wodebiT ufro maRali moxele
4. Sekreba qelmenCurze. 1802 wlis 25 iv- im imediT, rom Sekrebilebi mas mousmendnen.
liss kaxeTis Tavadebma da mosaxleobam we- marTalia, karl soleniuss batalionisaTvis
riliT mimarTes Sida qarTlis Tavadebsa da mouyria Tavi, magram siRnaRSi damatebiTi ja-
mosaxleobas. werilSi aRniSnulia: kaxeTis ris gagzavnas mainc iTxovda, jari cxenosani
Tavadebi, aznaurebi da mosaxleoba 25 ivliss unda yofiliyo, radgan amboxebulebi xSirad
qelmenCurze Seikrebnen da mefe iulonis gadadiodnen erTi adgilidan meoreze.
erTgulebaze daifices. qelmenCurze Sekre- 1802 wlis 26 ivliss general-maiori
bilebs Tavs dasxmia podpolkovniki (doku- vasili guliakovi ivan lazarevs moaxsenebda:
mentSi gvari miTiTebuli ar aris, es iyo pod- kaxeTis Tavadebs surT Cem mier dapatimre-
polkovniki karl soleniusi _ v. g.) jariTa buli SeTqmulebis organizatorebis gaTavi-
da artileriiT, magram qarTvelebic medgrad sufleba. Tavadebi jerjerobiT amas ver be-
daxvedrian da momxduri ukuugdiaT. werili daven, magram cdiloben Canafiqri xalxis xe-
moklea, ris gamoc vvaraudobT, Sida qarTlis liT ganaxorcielono. guliakovs Tavadebica
TavadebisaTvis kaxeTSi mimdinare movlenebis da xalxic zepirad da werilobiT gaufrTx-
Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT unda ecnobebina weri- ilebia, xeli aeRoT ganzraxvaze. moxseneba-
lis mimtan vinme luarsabs
luarsabs.. kaxeli Tavadebi Si aRniSnulia, rom amboxebulebi jgufebad
Sida qarTlis Tavadebs sTxovdnen 25 ivliss daSlilan, dRisiT tyes afarebdnen Tavs,
qelmenCurze gamarTuli Sekrebisa da mefe RamiT ki soflebSi brundebodnen. guliakovi
iulonis erTgulebaze ficis dadebis Sesaxeb lazarevs sTxovda, ecnobebina, rogor mo-
yvelasaTvis ecnobebinaT, xalxi gaemxnevebi- qceuliyo, daepatimrebina Tu ara amboxebis
naT da mefe iulonis erTgulebaze daefice- sxva moTaveebi.
binaT. werilis bolos aRniSnulia, rom wer- qelmenCuris SekrebaSi monawileobisaT-
ili Tavadebis: mayaSvilebis, ColoyaSvilebis, vis rusebma bodbeli mitropoliti ioane
jandierebis, andronikaSvilebis, vaCnaZeebis, TbilisSi daibares da braldeba wauyenes, cxa-
bodbel mitropolit ioanes, nekreseli mit- dia, mis dasjas apirebdnen. 1802 wlis 27 iv-
ropolitis, daviTgarejis monastris winamZ- liss kaxeTis Tavadebma werili misweres ivan
Rvris, aseve gavazelTa, yvarlelTa, eniselTa lazarevs. Tavadebis werili bodbeli mit-
da qiziyelTa _ saxeliT igzavneboda. ropolitisaTvis sasjelis acilebis mcdelo-
1802 wlis 26 ivniss kaxeTSi myofi pod- biT iwyeba: `...bodbels, ioanes, ara scodnia
polkovniki karl soleniusi general ivan laz- ra, Tvinier amis meti: Cven, kaxeTis TavadT,
arevs 25 ivliss qelmenCuris Sekrebis Sesaxeb erTobiT piroba gvqonda, xelmwifisaTvis
moaxsenebda: qelmenCurSi Seikribnen mTeli arzi migverTmia da Cveni memkvidre batoni (ig-
kaxeTis Tavadebi, TuSeTisa da qiziyis TemTa ulisxmeba batoniSvili ioane _ v. g.) gveTxov-
mamasaxlisebi, SekrebilebTan erTad yofila na. lakbezed SeviyareniT, bodbeli Cven da-
bodbeli mitropoliti ioane. Sekrebis orga- vibareT, movida, ara icoda ra.~ garda amisa,
nizatorebi RamiT qiziyis soflebSi dadiod- werilis avtorebi lazarevs arwmunebdnen,
nen da xalxs qelmenCuris Sekrebaze misasvle- rom bodbeli mitropoliti araTu damnaSave
lad mouwodebdnen, sadac maT daxvdebodaT ar iyo, aramed Cvenc danaSaulis Cadenisagan
iulon batoniSvili, romelic qarTl-kaxeTis gvixsnao. bodbelis dacvis sakmaod kargad
mefe gaxdeboda. podpolkovniki soleniusi mofiqrebuli ambis gadmocemis Semdeg kaxeTis
Tavis moxsenebaSi sagangebod aRniSnavda, Tavadebi qelmenCurze Sekrebis mizezs ase
rom ruseTis jaris ganadgureba mzaddeboda. ganmartaven: `jer xelmwifis (aleqsandr I-is _
podpolkovnik soleniuss qelmenCurSi Sekre- v. g.) erTgulebaze davificeT, mere Cvens mem-
108
vaxtang guruli
kvidres batonis Txovnazed, rom mefeT iulon vedria.

gveTxovna yovlad-mowyalis xelmwifisaTvis.~ 1802 wlis 29 ivliss kaxeTidan miRebuli
werils xels awerdnen Tavadebi: mouravi cnobebis gaanalizebis Semdeg ivan lazarevma
revaz andronikaSvili,
andronikaSvili, svimon andronikaS- karl knorings acnoba, rom amboxebis CaxSobis
vili, zaal andronikaSvili(SvilebiTurT),
andronikaSvili(SvilebiTurT), mizniT Tavisi polkiT Tbilisidan kaxeTisak-
luarsab vaCnaZe(SvilebiTurT),
vaCnaZe(SvilebiTurT), dimitri en daZrula. TbilisSic mRelvareba igrZno-
andronikaSvili(ZmiTa
andronikaSvili (ZmiTa da biZaSvilebiTurT), boda, ris gamoc lazarevs podpolkovnik li-
adam andronikaSvili(SviliTurT),
andronikaSvili(SviliTurT), solomon axovis meTaurobiT mdinare algeTze mdgari
andronikaSvili,, svimon beburiSvili, ioane
andronikaSvili batalioni TbilisSi gadmouyvania da qalaqis
beburiSvili, zaqaria beburiSvili, aidemuri misadgomebTan, avlabarSi, ganulagebia.
(SviliTurT), solomon beburiSvili, ioane af- 1802 wlis 29 ivlissve lazarevma knor-
xazi, ioseb beburiSvili, ioseb andronikaSvi- ings meore, gacilebiT vrceli, moxseneba
li, ninia andronikaSvili, luarsab jandieri, gaugzavna. moxsenebaSi Tavmoyrilia mTeli
roseb jandieri, kikola jandieri, qiziyis mox- informacia kaxeTSi mimdinare movlenebis
eleni, msaxurni kacni, TavadTa msaxurni. Sesaxeb. amave dros, moxsenebis avtori Ta-
5. mRelvarebis gaZliereba da xelisu- vis daskvnebsac sTavazobs saqarTvelos mTa-
flebis RonisZiebani. 1802 wlis 28 ivliss gen- varsardals:
eral-maiori aleqsei leontievi ivan lazarevs 1. aleqsandre batoniSvili jariT kax-
sofel manavSi ganlagebul ruseTis jaris eTSi apirebda SeWras, xolo Semdeg _ kaxeTis
aseulis meTauris kapitan krivonosovis mox- Tavadebis mxardaWeriT Tbilisze galaSqre-
senebaze dayrdnobiT acnobebda: manavis Ta- bas;
vadebi yoveldRiurad ikribebian mTis gadaR- 2. general-maoirma vasili guliakovma
ma da elodebian jariT aleqsandre batoniS- 1802 wlis 24 ivliss amboxebis monawile kax-
vilis gamoCenas, raTa erToblivi ZalebiT eli Tavadebi daapatimra da Telavis cixeSi
Tavs daesxnen ruseTis jaris kordons manavSi moaTavsa;
da Semdeg sxva soflebSi. leontievs krivo- 3. kaxeTis Tavadebis amboxebis moTaveebi
nosovisaTvis ubrZanebia, winaaRmdegobis gaw- iyvnen: Tavadebi svimon da daviT qobuliS-
evis SemTxvevaSi Tavadebi daepatimrebina. le- vilebi,, Tavadi ioseb WavWavaZe da arqimandri-
vilebi
ontievs gadawyvetileba miuRia, 1802 wlis 29 ti elefTeri
elefTeri.. daviT qobuliSvili agzavnida
ivliss manavis Tavadebisa da aleqsandre ba- mowodebebs da iulon batoniSvilis mefed
toniSvilis savaraudo Sexvedris adgilisaken gamocxadebisaTvis xelmowerebs agrovebda.
daZruliyo jariT. ioseb WavWavaZe da arqimandriti elefTeri
1802 wlis 29 ivliss generali leon- daviT qobuliSvils exmarebodnen. Tavadebis
tievi imave krivonosovis moxsenebaze dayrd- dapatimrebis Semdeg kaxeTSi mowodebebis
nobiT ivan lazarevs acnobebda: manavis Ta- dagzavna da xelmowerebis Segroveba Sewyda;
vadebi sofel ToxliaurSi Sekrebilan. kapi- 4. 1802 wlis 25 ivliss general gulia-
tan krivonosovs ToxliaurSi kaci gaugzavnia kovs amboxebis kidev ramdenime monawile
da mouravi TavisTan daubarebia, mouravi daupatimrebia, maT Soris: aznauri daviT ale-
kapitanTan ar gamocxadebula. krivonosovi qsiSvili,, Tavad svimon qobuliSvilis vaJi
qsiSvili
Tbilisis muSketerTa polkis aseuliT sofel Tamazi,, dekanoz nikolozis vaJi da somexi
Tamazi
Toxliaurisaken daZrula da Tavadebi ninia vinme kazari
kazari.. svimon qobuliSvilis meore vaJi
da konstantine CerqeziSvilebis dapatimre- aleqsandre batoniSvilTan imyofeboda, ro-
ba ucdia, Tavadebi rus oficers ar damor- melic somexi kazaris meSveobiT werilebs ug-
Cilebian, iaraRi moumarjvebiaT da tyisaken zavnida mamas;
gaqceulan, Tumca orive maleve SeupyriaT. 5. sofel yvarelSi mcxovrebi grigol da
oTxi Tavadi, maT Soris, mouravebi nikolozi paata WavWavaZeebi mimalulan ise, rom rusebs
da solomoni
solomoni,, gaqceulan. gaqceulebs srola maTi adgil-samyofeli ver daudgeniaT;
autexiaT rusebisaTvis da erTi jariskacic 6. generalGguliakovis mier Tavadebis
mouklavT. krivonosovs daudgenia tyeSi is ori jgufis dapatimrebis Semdeg kaxeTis Ta-
adgili, sadac gaqceuli Tavadebi imalebod- vadebi ramdenjerme Sekrebilan da dapatimre-
nen. RamiT am adgilisaTvis alya Semourtyams bulebis Zalis gamoyenebiT gaTavisuflebis
rusebis jaris aseuls, magram iq aravin dax- Sesaxeb umsjeliaT;
109
7. is Tavadebi, romlebic dapatimre- sergei tuCkovTan da saqarTvelos mmarT-

bas elodnen, dRisiT tyeSi imalebodnen da vel piotr kovalenkisTan molaparakebis
sofelSi mxolod RamiT brundebodnen; Semdeg mitropoliti Tavis sacxoverebel
8. kaxeTis Tavadebi ukve aSkarad il- binaSi gadauyvania da yaraulic miuCenia.
aSqrebdnen ruseTis winaaRmdeg. es cxadad yarauli miuCenia mitropolitis Tanmxlebi
igrZnoboda Telavisa da siRnaRis mazrebSi. mRvdlisTvisac, xolo mitropolitis gam-
mdgomareobis kidev ufro gamwvavebis Tavi- cilebeli razmi ukanve gaubrunebia. Tbili-
dan acilebis mizniT, ivan lazarevis azriT, sis komendants daukiTxavs mRvdeli, xolo
dapatimrebebi unda gagrZelebuliyo didi si- bodbeli mitropolitisaTvis piradad laza-
frTxiliT, ise, rom udanaSaulo Tavadebi ar revs CamourTmevia axsna-ganmarteba;
SeepyroT; 15. sul kaxeTSi gasagzavnad general
9. ivan lazarevis azriT, aucilebeli iyo lazarevs mobilizebuli hyolia: egerTa me-17
ubralo xalxis (glexobis) mimxroba da maTi polki da Tbilisis muSketerTa polki;
Tavadebis winaaRmdeg gamoyeneba; 16. dedofali darejani
darejani,, batoniSvilebi
10. Tavadi luarsab orbeliani,
orbeliani, romelic vaxtang erekles Ze da daviT giorgis Ze kvlav
qelmenCurze Sekrebas eswreboda, ivan laza- agrZelebdnen ruseTis xelisuflebis sawi-
revTan gamocxadebula da Sekrebis Sesaxeb naaRmdego moqmedebas. batoniSvili Teimuraz
generlisTvis werilobiT mouxsenebia. weri- giorgis Ze,
Ze, romelsac amboxebis warmatebis
lis wakiTxvis Semdeg lazarevs aseTi daskvna imedi ar hqonda, TbilisSi dabrunebula. am-
gaukeTebia: kaxeTSi ruseTis winaaRmdeg am- boxebulebTan kavSirSi SemCneuli yofila
boxeba mzaddeboda. generlis azri amboxebis kaTalikos-patriarqi anton II. ivan lazarevs
Taobaze mas Semdeg kidev ufro ganmtkicebu- garkveuli RonisZiebebi gautarebia: darejan
la, rac siRnaRis mazris kapitan-ispravnikma dedoflisaTvis miuCenia 12-kaciani yarauli,
mazraSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb moax- duSeTSi vaxtang batoniSvilis Tvalyuris
sena; sadevneblad gaugzavnia kavkasiis grenader-
11. dawyebuli amboxebis aRkveTis mizniT Ta polkis naxevari aseuli kapitan aleqsan-
lazarevs general guliakovisaTvis jaris drovis meTaurobiT, aseulis meore naxevari
gamoyenebiT kaxeTSi mimdinare Sekrebebis RarTiskarSi, mcxeTasTan, idga. garda amisa,
monawileTa dapatimreba ubrZanebia; lazarevs kovalenskisaTvis uTxovia bor-
12. luarsab orbelians pirveli werilis CaloSi myofi daviT batoniSvili TbilisSi
wardgenis Semdeg lazarevisaTvis kidev ori daebrunebina. lazarevi aucileblad miiCnev-
werili miurTmevia da generlisaTvis sityvi- da darejan dedoflis da vaxtang batoniSvi-
eradac ucnobebia: kaxel Tavadebs werili lis dapatimrebas.
gaugzavniaT duSeTSi myofi vaxtang batoniS- 17. naxWevanidan 60 versis moSorebiT
vilisaTvis da ruseTidan saqarTveloSi mo- Tavs iyrida iranis laSqari, romelic imere-
mavali jarisaTvis gzis gadaketva uTxoviaT. Tis mefisa da axalcixis faSas laSqarTan er-
orbelianma generals aseve acnoba, rom kax- Tad aleqsandre batoniSvils unda daxmare-
eli Tavadebi aleqsandre batoniSvilsa da boda. aleqsandre batoniSvilis daxmarebis
yazaxis TaTrebTan apirebdnen werilis gagza- mizniT lekebi Tavs iyrida belaqanSi, ganjis
vnas. gaigzavna Tu ara es werilebi, orbeli- xanis mtruli ganwyobileba aSkara iyo, xolo
anma ar icoda; erevnis xani jer-jerobiT Tavs ikavebda.
13. ivan lazarevs afiqrebda is, rom kax- 18. ivan lazarevi dabejiTebiT ver amt-
eTSi amboxeba daiwyo garTulebuli sagareo kicebda, aleqsandre batoniSvili kaxeTSi
mdgomareobis fonze: lekebi gamudmebiT Tavs SeWras Tu apirebda, an ra Zalebs mouyrida
esxmodnen qarTl-kaxeTs, iranic omisaTvis igi Tavs.
emzadeboda. Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdin- 6. bodbeli mitropolitisa da kaxeli Ta-
are, generali aucileblad Tvlida Tbilisis vadebis werili xelisuflebas.
xelisuflebas. 1802 wlis 29
SemogarenSi (avlabarSi) ganlagebuli egerTa ivliss Telavidan general-maiori vasili gu-
me-17 polkis kaxeTSi gadasrolas; liakovi ivan lazarevs moaxsenebda, rom mas-
14. TbilisSi Casul bodbel mitropolit Tan gamocxadda Tavadi merab WavWavaZe weril-
ioanes ivan lazarevisaTvis gadaucia kaxeli iT. es werili 25 ivlisiT aris daTariRebuli
Tavadebis werili. lazarevs general-maior da masze xels aweren: ``bodbeli
bodbeli mitropoliti
110
vaxtang guruli
ioane, erTobiT endronikaSvilebi da vaCnaZee- wlis 31 ivliss saqarTvelos mmarTveli pi-

bi da erTobiT qiziyis moxeleni da qiziyelni“. otr kovalenski general lazarevs acnobebda,
werilSi aRniSnulia, rom general guliako- rom man kaxeTSi gagzavna Tavisi warmomadgene-
vis mier Sepyrobili Tavadebi udanaSauloni li. saqarTvelos mmarTvelis warmomadgenels
iyvnen. werilSi ganmartebulia, Tu ratom kaxeTis Tavadebi da mosaxleoba unda daerw-
daifices kaxelma Tavadebma iulon erekles munebina, rom xeli aeRoT amboxze. kovalen-
Zis erTgulebaze: `Cvenma
`Cvenma didaT moWirnax- ski cdilobda bodbeli mitropoliti ioanesa
ulem mefem iraklim anderZi bZana da dafice- da Tavad aleqsandre mayaSvilis daxmarebiT,
bulnic varT, rom mefis giorgis Semdgomad kaxeTis TavadebisaTvis CamoerTmia werilo-
mefeT iulon yofiliyo. Cven am ficzed da imis biT gaformebuli piroba amboxis Sewyvetis
anderZzed vdgevarT“. werilze xelis momw- Taobaze.
erni adasturebdnen ruseTis imperatori- 1802 wlis 2 agvistos gorSi myof pod-
sadmi erTgulebas, magram iulonis mefobasac polkovnik fiodor simonoviCs kovalenskim
aucileblad miiCnevdnen. `...rom
`...rom iulon mefed ubrZana, rom yoveli Rone exmara, raTa qa-
gvijdes da xelmwifis (ruseTis imperatoris _ rTlSi simSvide SeenarCunebina. saqarTvelos
v.g) da xelmwifis erTgulni viyvneT. rac xelm- mmarTveli Zalze SeuSinebia im faqts, rom
wifes Cvengan samsaxuri enebebodes, Cvens mefes duSeTidan gaqceuli batoniSvili vaxtang er-
ubrZanos da Cvenma mefem Cven gvibrZanos da ise ekles Ze qsnisa da aragvis xeobebSi amboxebis
Cvenis SeZlebiT xelmwifes vmsaxuroT“. amas- amas- wamowyebas cdilobda. kovalenski simonoviCs
Tan erTad, werilis Semdgenlebi guliakovs acnobebda, rom mas daxmarebas aRmouCenda
afrTxilebdnen, rom udanaSauloTa dapatim- Tavadi giorgi amilaxvari.
amilaxvari
rebebiT xalxs aimxedrebdnen: ` daudanaSave- 1802 wlis 1 agvistos ivan lazarevi
blad nurc Tavads da nurc glexs nu daiWerT, amboxebis sabolood likvidaciis mizniT
es xalxi ubralod xelmwifis winaaRmdegs rusebis erTgul Tavad aleqsandre mayaS-
saqmeSi ar SeiyvanoT“. werilze xelis momwerni vilTan erTad kaxeTSi gaemgzavra. 2 agvistos
guliakovs acnobebdnen, rom ruseTis impera- generali siRnaRamde 15 versis moSorebiT
torisaTvis Txovnis gagzavnas apirebdnen: SeCerebula, sadac Seutyvia, rom iqve axlos
`Cven
Cven amazed xelmwifes arzas mivarTmevT. ma- kaxeli Tavadebis Sekreba mimdinareobda. 3
namdis xelmwifis mowyaleba dagvemarTebodes, agvistos Sekrebis monawile TavadebisaTvis
bevri Wori ismis, rom xalxi ar SefrTxes. es aleqsandre mayaSvilis xeliT lazarevs weri-
xalxi dasakargavi ar aris. pirvelad xelmwifis li gaugzavnia da 5 agvistos siRnaRSi masTan
erTgulebazed dagvificavs, mere Cvens memkvi- nebayoflobiT gamocxadeba ubrZanebia. siR-
dres batonzed“. werili mTavrdeba TxovniT naRSi bodbel mitropolit ioanes Tavadebi
general guliakovisadmi: `... `...amas
amas mogaxsenebT imperatoris erTgulebaze unda daeficebi-
qristes gulisaTvis rom Cvenc erTs ubedure- na. siRnaRSi Cavida saqarTvelos mmarTvel-
baSi ar migvceT da xelmwifis muxanaTobaSi ar ic piotr kovalenski. 1802 wlis 3 agvistos
SegviyvanoT. didaT muxl-dayriT gevedrebiT lazarevma siRnaRidan mowodeba gaavrcela,
da neba Senia amasac gevedrebiT, rom eg Cveni romelSic aRniSnulia: 1. TbilisSi Casulma
Zmani daWerilni auSvaT, rom Cveni guli damS- bodbelma mitropolitma ioanem gulwrfe-
viddes da xalxisac“. lad moinania Tavisi danaSauli; 2. monaniebis
1802 wlis 29-30 ivliss dakiTxes dapatim- SemTxvevaSi amboxebis monawileni Sewyaleb-
rebuli kaxeli Tavadebi: svimon qobuliSvi- ulni iqnebian ruseTis imperatoris mier; 3.
li, daviT qobuliSvili, merab WavWavaZe, ioseb amboxebis monawileebma daarRvies ruseTis
WavWavaZe, revaz beburiSvili, Tamaz qobuliS- imperatorisadmi micemuli fici; 4. ficis
vili, aznaurebi nikoloz mixelaSvili da da- damrRvevebi 1802 wlis 5 agvistos siRnaRSi
viT aleqsiSvili, arqimandriti elefTer zu- lazarevTan unda gamocxadebuliyvnen. isini,
kakiSvili. dakiTxulebis Cvenebidan irkveva, vinc Sors imyofebodnen da 5 agvistos ver
rom isini ruseTis imperatoris erTgulni moaxerxebdnen siRnaRSi Casvlas, generals 7
iyvnen, magram amave dros qarTl-kaxeTSi me- agvistos unda xlebodnen. 5 agvistos laza-
fobis aRdgenas da mefed iulon erekles Zis revTan siRnaRSi gamocxadebulan: bodbeli
damtkicebas moiTxovdnen. mitropoliti ioane
ioane,, Tavadi svimon mayaS-
7. politikuri gamosvlis CaxSoba. 1802 vili da kidev ramdenime Tavadi. imave dRes
111
Tavadebi xelaxla daafices ruseTis impera- Tanamonawile iyo; 3. mtruli moqmedebebiT

toris erTgulebaze. momdevno dReebSi ru- gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeodnen batoniSvilebi
seTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daifices vaxtang erekles Ze da daviT giorgis Ze; 4. qa-
kidev sxva Tavadebma. daficebasTan erTad Ta- rTl-kaxeTis mosaxleoba ruseTis imperato-
vadebma xelwerilic dades. es dokumenti 1802 ris erTguli darCa, ramac gaaborota ficis
wlis agvistos damlevs (,,mariamobis damdegs damrRvevi Tavadebi; 5. TbilisSi mRelvarebis
1802 welsa“) aris Sedgenili. xelis momwerTa Tavidan asacileblad qalaqSi ganlagebul ka-
Soris iyvnen: bodbeli mitropoliti ioane ioane,, vkasiis grenaderTa polkis batalions unda
Tavadebi: revaz andronikaSvili,
andronikaSvili, zaqaria an- daematos egerTa me-17 polkis 1 batalioni;
dronikaSvili, svimon andronikaSvili (svimon 6. saqarTveloze salaSqrod gamzadebuli
mayaSvilis magivrad xeli bodbelma mitropo- iranelebisa da lekebis TavSeyris adgili
litma moawera), luarsab vaCnaZe, aidemur vaC- iqneba ukve ara erevani, aramed belaqani, aseve
naZe (aidemur vaCnaZis nacvlad xeli bodbelma ganja da axalcixe; 7. belaqnidan Tavdasxmis
mitropolitma moawera), adam andronikaSvili, mosagerieblad kaxeTisa da belaqnis sazR-
ioane andronikaSvili, ioseb andronikaSvili varze unda ganlagdes kavkasiis grenaderTa
(ioseb andronikaSvilis nacvlad xeli moawera polkis 1 batalioni, yabardos muSketerTa
bodbelma mitropolitma), dimitri androni- polkis 10 aseuli da egerTa me-17 polkis 1
kaSvili, daviT abaSiZe, ioseb vaCnaZe, ioseb mim- batalioni; 8. ganjis saxanos sazRvari unda
baSi (ioseb mimbaSis magivrad xeli moawera daikavos Tbilisis muSketerTa polkis 6 da
daviT abaSiZem), ioane afxazi, svimon vaCnaZe, egerTa polkis 2 aseulma; 9. axalcixis safa-
ioseb vaCnaZe, gurgen vaCnaZe, solomon vaCnaZe, Sosa da imereTis samefos mxridan mosalod-
ioseb vaCnaZe, ninia vaCnaZe, zaqaria vaCnaZe, neli Tavdasxmis aRsakveTad qarTlis samxreT
aslan vaCnaZe, solomon andronikaSvili, ioane da dasavleT sazRvarze unda ganlagdes kavka-
CerqeziSvili nikoloz CerqeziSvili, solo- siis grenaderTa polkis 1 batalioni, Tbili-
mon CerqeziSvili, ramaz CerqeziSvili, givi sis muSketerTa polkis 2 aseuli da egerTa
CerqeziSvili, ninia CerqeziSvili, konstantine me-17 polkis 2 aseuli. belaqnis, ganjis saxa-
CerqeziSvili, konstantine jorjaZe, zurab nos, axalcixis safaSosa da imereTis same-
jorjaZe, oman jandieri, luarsab jandieri, fos sazRvrebTan ganlagebuli ruseTis jari
roseb jandieri, efrem jandieri, zaal andron- unda gaZlierdes zarbaznebiT da rusebis
ikaSvili, abel andronikaSvili, ivane androni- erTguli qarTvelebis laSqriT; 10. Tbilisis
kaSvili, ioseb andronikaSvili, paata WavWavaZe, citadelis garnizoni da aseve sxva strate-
yaflan vaCnaZe, ioseb vaCnaZe, dimitri vaCnaZe, giuli punqtebi sagangebod unda gaZlierdes;
baram andronikaSvili, erasti andronikaSvili 11. bambakis provinciaSi unda darCes imave
daviT vaCnaZe. radgan wera-kiTxva ar icodnen, raodenobis jari, romlis gaZliereba mogvi-
bodbelma mitropolitma moawera xeli: ivane anebiT igegmeba; 12. vladikavkazis simagridan
vaCnaZis, omar jandieris, luarsab jandieris, TbilisSi gamoigzavneboda qveiTi jaris 6
grigol WavWavaZis da zaal andronikaSvilis aseuli 2 qvemexiT, xolo kavkasiis xazidan _
nacvlad. donis kazakTa jaris 1 polki;
8. mRelvarebis qarTlSi gavrcelebis sa- 1802 wlis 12 agvistos piotr kovalenski
SiSroeba da xelisuflebis RonisZiebani. 1802 karl kronings moaxsenebda: ruseTidan saqa-
wlis 9 agvistos saqarTvelos mTavarsar- rTveloSi momavali gzis gadaketvis mizniT
dalma general-leitenantma karl knoringma, osebis amboxebas cdilobda vaxtang batoniS-
romelic kvlav kavkasiis xazze imyofeboda, vilis Tanamoazre, duSeTis mazris aznauri
moxseneba gaugzavna ruseTis imperator ale- glaxa WilaZe.
WilaZe. moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom
qsandr I-s. moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia: 1. kaxeT- Tavadebi garsevan WavWavaZe da solomon aval-
Si amboxis dawyebis oraganizatorebi iyvnen iSvili sxvadasxva gziT cdilobdnen xalxSi
darejan dedofali da batoniSvilebi. isini ukmayofilebis gamowvevas. es dasturde-
iranelebsa da daRestnelebs arwmunebdnen, boda Tavadebis ioane orbelianis, solomon
rom saqarTveloSi ruseTis mxolod mcire TarxniSvilis, aleqsandre mayaSvilis, aseve
jaria ganlagebuli da amdenad, Tbilisis da- darCo bebuTovis CvenebebiT. kovalenski
kaveba did siZneles ar warmoadgenso; 2. dare- aRniSnavda, rom es Cvenebebi maT kidev erTxel
jan dedofali yvela mniSvnelovani movlenis gaimeores apolos musin-puSkinis, general-
112
vaxtang guruli
maior ivan lazarevisa da general-maior ser- tuCkovma duSeTidan TbilisSi Camoiyvana, ma-
gei tuCkovis TandaswrebiT. kovalenski wer- gram cixeSi ar mouTavsebiaT da Tavisuflad
da, rom garsevan WavWavaZes bralad edeboda cxovrobda.
cru xmebis gavrceleba, rom TiTqos rusebi 1802 wlis 3 oqtombers ivan lazarevi
qarTvelebis cimbirSi gasaxlebas apirebdnen, karl kronings qarTl-kaxeTSi Seqmnili viTa-
masve braldeboda aseve Tbilisis mosaxleo- rebis Sesaxeb Semdegs moaxsenebda:
baSi dawyebuli mRelvareba. 1. ganjaSi myofi aleqsandre batoniS-
1802 wlis 12 agvistos generali sergei vili daRestnelebisa da yazax-SamSadilus
tuCkovi kovalenskis moaxsenebda, rom man TaTrebis mimxrobas cdilobda. aleqsandre
duSeTidan TbilisSi Camoiyvana batoniSvili batoniSvili kvlav ganagrZobda werilebis
vaxtang erekles Ze, ris Semdegac qarTlSi gagzavnas kaxeTSi;
sruli simSvide damyarebula. generali erT- 2. darejan dedofalma aleqsandre ba-
guli samsaxurisaTvis Tavadebis mixeil da toniSvils acnoba, rom kaxeTis Tavadebi ba-
SanSe erisTavebis, solomon TarxniSvilisa da toniSvils mxars uWerdnen. imereTis mefe,
dimitri ColoyaSvilis dajildoebas iTxov- iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebi aleqsan-
da. sergei tuCkovis optimizmi naadrevi aR- dre batoniSvilis kaxeTSi SeWras elodnen,
moCnda: qarTlSi, gansakuTrebiT ki argvis ris Semdegadac isini qarTls daikavebdnen;
xeobaSi, mRelvareba kvlav grZeldeboda. 3. darejan dedofals Seukrebia sabWo
kaxeTSi Tavadebis amboxebis dasrulebis (kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II, vaxtang ba-
momlodine ivan lazarevma 1802 wlis 15 agvis- toniSvili, konstantine batoniSvili, Tavade-
tos siRnaRidan SemaSfoTebeli cnoba miiRo. bi qaixosro ColoyaSvili, ivane ColoyaSvi-
belaqnidan dabrunebul eqvs siRnaRel so- li, zaal baraTaSvili) da samomavlo gegmebi
mexs karl soleniusisaTvis ucnobebia, rom ganuxilavT;
belaqanSi maT naxes kaxeli Tavadebi adam da 4. iranis Sah feThi alis (baba xans) daRes-
kiko beburiSvilebi,
beburiSvilebi, aseve sofel martyofi- tanSi werili gaugzavnia da qarTl-kaxeTze
dan Casuli qarTveli. maT belaqanSi Casvlis laSqrobisas daxmareba uTxovia;
Semdeg mounaxulebiaT erevnis, naxWevnis, gan- 5. imereTis mefes solomon II-s axalcixis
jis, SuSisa da nuxis xanebi. somxebis cnobiT, faSasaTvis imereTSi lekebis razmis gagzavna
adam beburiSvili, kiko beburiSvili da mar- uTxovia. mefe dRe-dReze eloda 600 lekis
tyofeli qarTveli male aleqsandre batoniS- gamoCenas.
vilTan Sesaxvedrad gaemgzavrebodnen. rusebis SiSi saqarTvelos SigniT da mis
ivan lazarevs afiqrebda quTaisSi myofi garSemo mdgomareobis garTulebis Sesaxeb ar
iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebis mxridan gamarTlda.
mosalodneli Tavdasxma. 1802 wlis 20 agvis-
tos lazarevi kronings moaxsenebda, rom
imereTis mefe solomon II-m jari Sekriba da §4. vaxtang batoniSvilis dapatimreba
qarTlis sazRvrebidan 30 versis moSore- general-maiori ivan lazarevi kaxeTidan
biT sofel WalaSi (gorTan) dabanakda. Wala- TbilisSi 1802 wlis 12 agvistos dabrunda.
Si imereTis laSqars axalcixis faSas mier 12 agvistos, rogorc aRvniSneT, general-
gamogzavnili lekebi SeerTebian, qarTvelTa maiorma sergei tuCkovma duSeTidan Tbilis-
da lekTa gaerTianebuli jaris raodenoba, Si Camoiyvana batoniSvili vaxtang erekles
lazarevis cnobiT 3.000 mebrZols Seadgen- Ze, romelic darejan dedoflis sasaxleSi
da. sofel WalaSi imereTis mefesTan erTad cxovrobda. vaxtang batoniSvili TbilisSi
imyofebodnen iulon da farnavaz batoniS- amgvarad Camoiyvanes. darejan dedofalsa da
vilebi. sofel WalaSi Casvlamde iulon da mis Tanamoazreebs eWvi rom ar aeRoT, Tavad
farnavaz batoniSvilebs sofel sveridan qar- ioane orbelianis saxlSi, romelic qalaqis
Tlis Tavadebisa da aragvis xeobis osebisaT- gareubanSi mdebareobda, saRamos wveuleba
vis werilebi gaugzavniaT. lazarevi kronings gaimarTa. sxvebTan erTad miwveuli iyo gen-
werda, rom Seqmnil viTarebaSi aucilebeli eral-maiori sergei tuCkovi
tuCkovi.. gvian saRamos
iyo darejan dedoflis dapatimreba. genera- generali SeumCnevlad gavida ioane orbe-
li vaxtang batoniSvilis Sepyrobasac iTxov- lianis saxlidan. misi gamcilebeli kazakebis
da, romelic, marTalia, generalma sergei razmi dRis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva dros da
113
sxvadasxva karibWidan mcire jgufebad gavida xolo TviTon kazakebis razmTan erTad gaq-
qalaqidan da generals Tbilisidan moSore- ceuls daedevna. male sergei tuCkovma SeniS-
biT tyeSi elodeboda. 1802 wlis 1 agvistos na, rom vaxtang batoniSvili erTi cxenosnis
tuCkovi kazakTa razmiT duSeTSi Sevida. vax- TanxlebiT duSeTidan sami versis moSorebiT
tang batoniSvils eWvi ver unda aeRo, radgan mdgar aznaur glaxa WilaZis cixe-koSkisaken
duSeTSi tuCkovis polkis erTi aseuli idga miemarTeboda. batoniSvilma cixe-koSkSi Sea-
da generali arcTu ise iSviaTad Cadioda iq swro, kazakebma karibWe Seamtvries, magram
aseulis sabrZolo mzadyofnis Sesamowme- Cxrekisas iq veravin ipoves. eWvis aRmZvreli
blad. diliTve sergei tuCkovma vaxtang ba- iyo is, rom oTaxebSi aRmoCnda produqtis
maragi, iaraRi da tyvia-wamali. cixe-koSkSi
darCenili erTaderTi mandilosnis dakiTxvis
Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom vaxtang batoniSvili
tyeSi gamavali gvirabiT gaparuliyo. rogorc
Semdeg gairkva, batoniSvils mTiuleTisaTvis
Seufarebia Tavi. generali tuCkovi duSeTSi
dabrunda, batoniSvilis axloblebi dakiTxa,
magram uSedegod.
duSeTSi dabrunebulma sergei tuCkovma
Seityo, rom 10 SeiaraRebuli qarTveli cx-
enosani Sekrebisa da SeiaraRebisaken mouwo-
debda xalxs. mogvianebiT gairkva, rom isini
vaxtang batoniSvilis axloblebi iyvnen. du-
SeTSi sul grenaderTa polkis 1 aseuli, ^60
grenaderi da generlis gamcilebeli 50 kaza-
ki iyo. marTalia, Tbilisidan duSeTamde mg-
zavrobiT kazakTa razmi daRlili iyo, magram
tuCkovi iZulebuli gaxda, kazakebisaTvis
sakmaod rTuli da saxifaTo davaleba mieca,
maT qarTvel cxenosanTa razmi soflebamde
ar unda mieSvaT, raTa mowodebebiT xalx-
Si mRelvareba ar gamoewvia. amasTan erTad,
RarTiskarSi ganlagebulma egerTa aseulma
da TbilisSi myofma grenaderTa 2 aseulma
vaxtang batoniSvili
duSeTis Sesvlis brZaneba miiRo. kazakeb-
ma qarTvelebis aTkaciani razmi gafantes,
toniSvilTan kaci gagzavna da miReba iTxova. xolo erT-erTi maTgani, TianeTis mouravi,
generals SemouTvales, rom batoniSvils jer Seipyres da generals mihgvares. tuCkovma
kidev eZina. amis Semdeg tuCkovma batoniSvils duSeTisa da goris mazrebis mosaxleobas
kidev samjer sTxova miReba, magram samjerve mimarTa: vinc vaxtang batoniSvils daxmarebas
sxvadasxva mizeziT miReba gadaido. vaxtang aRmouCenda, sastikad daisjeboda. xevsurebs,
batoniSvilis sasaxles Soridan uTvalTva- fSavlebsa da TuSebs mouwodes, rom vaxtang
lebdnen kazakebi. moulodnelad sasaxlidan batoniSvilisaTvis Tanadgoma ar aRmoeCinaT.
gamovida SeiaraRebuli qarTveli mxedari, ltolvil batoniSvils saufliswulo mamuli
romlis dakaveba kazakebma scades. mxedari CamoerTva. sergei tuCkovma TavisTan daibara
rusebs dausxltaT, Tumca daedevnen da ma- batoniSvilis erTguli aznauri murvaZe
murvaZe.. gen-
leve Seipyres. generalma dakavebulis dakiTx- eralma aznaurs vaxtang batoniSvilisaTvis
va brZana, TviTon ki vaxtang batoniSvilis sa- werilis gadacema ubrZana, winaaRmdeg SemTx-
saxlisaken gaemarTa. batoniSvilTan mimaval vevaSi, ojaxis dawiokebiT daemuqra. murvaZem
tuCkovs oficeri daewia da moaxsena, rom vax- generals vaxtang batoniSvilis pasuxi 24 saa-
tang batoniSvili sasaxlis ukana karibWidan TSi moutana. tuCkovma murvaZes hkiTxa, Tu
gaqceuliyo. generalma grenaderebis aseuls sad imyofeboda batoniSvili. murvaZis pasuxi
batoniSvilis sasaxlis dakaveba ubrZana, aseTi iyo: batoniSvils duSeTidan 40 ver-
114
vaxtang guruli
sis moSorebiT tyeSi Sevxdio. manve dasZina, morCilebas iTxovdnen. generali batoniSvils
rom batoniSvili yovel or saaTSi icvlida arwmunebda, rom imperatori mis mimarT did-
adgils. yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, generalma sulovnebas gamoiCenda. tuCkovma batoniS-
murvaZis miTiTebul adgilas kazakTa razmi vili da misi amala Sesaferisi pativiT jer
gagzavna, magram uSedegod. sergei tuCkovs duSeTamde miacila, xolo Semdeg TbilisSi
isRa darCenoda, rom vaxtang batoniSvilTan Camoiyvana. TbilisSi vaxtang batoniSvili
mimowera gaegrZelebina da igi duSeTSi dab- dedamisTan, darejan dedofalTan, dasaxlda.
runebaze daeTanxmebina. batoniSvili duSeT- misi Camosvlis Semdeg derejanis sasaxlis
Si dabrunebaze uars acxadebda. dacva kidev ufro gaZlierda. vaxtang ba-
RarTiskaridan da Tbilisidan damate- toniSvils aekrZala qalaqidan gasvla, marTa-
biTi Zalebis miRebis Semdeg sergei tuCkovma
duSeTidan stefanwmindaSi kazakTa da qarT-
velTa oTxmockaciani razmi gagzavna. razms
vaxtang batoniSvili mTiuleTSi ar unda
SeeSva. male generals mzveravTa razmebma am-
bavi moutanes, rom batoniSvili gudamayars
afarebda Tavs, saidanac igi xevsurebs, fSav-
lebsa da TuSebs ukavSirdeboda. 1802 wlis 8
agvistos tuCkovs acnobes, rom vaxtang ba-
toniSvils mTiuleTSi gadasvla hqonda gan-
zraxuli. duSeTis mazris kapitan-ispravniki
pereiaslavcevi kazakTa razmiT sofel ko-
bisaken gaemarTa, raTa batoniSvilisaTvis
gza gadaeWra. tuCkovma mTavari ZalebiT gu-
damayris xeobis Sesasvleli Caketa. vaxtang
batoniSvilma saqarTvelos mTavarsardal
general-leitenant karl knorings werili
gaugzavna da tuCkovs brali dasdo udana-
Saulod devnaSi. knoringma batoniSvils
TbilisSi dabruneba da Tavis marTleba ur-
Cia. amis Semdeg vaxtang batoniSvilma weri-
li gaugzavna saqarTvelos mmarTvel piotr
kovalenskis da TbilisSi dabruneba Semdegi sergei tuCkovi
pirobiT aRuTqva: 1. batoniSvilisaTvis unda
daebrunebinaT CamorTmeuli mamulebi da lia, batoniSvils saufliswulo mamuli ukve
miecaT misi damoukideblad marTvis ufleba; CamorTmeuli hqonda, magram mamulis Semosav-
2. batoniSvili sacxovreblad unda daetove- liT sargeblobis ufleba daubrunes.
binaT saqarTveloSi; 3. TbilisSi dabrunebis marTalia, kaxeTSi mRelvareba Cacxra, ma-
Semdeg arc batoniSvilisa da arc misi amalis gram rogorc ivan lazarevis, piotr kovalen-
wevrebisaTvis Seuracxyofa ar unda miey- skis, apolos musin-puSkinisa da karl knor-
enebinaT. vaxtang batoniSvils am pirobebze ringis 1802 wlis moxsenebebidan Cans, axali
Tanxmoba ar miuRia, mas, ubralod, TbilisSi mRelvareba mosalodneli iyo da es saSiSroe-
dabruneba SesTavazes. ba iqneboda manam, vidre bagrationTa samefo
gudamayris xeobaSi myofi vaxtang ba- saxlis wevrebi saqarTveloSi iqnebodnen.
toniSvili xeobis Sesasvlelisaken daiZra. yvela moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom bagra-
eqvsi versiT win midioda misi warmomadgene- tionTa samefo saxls saqarTvelo samudamod
li, romelic general-maior sergei tuCkovs unda daetovebina. knoringma aleqsandr I-s
eaxla da moaxsena, batoniSvilic male movao. ramdenjerme sTxova bagrationTa ruseTSi
1802 wlis 10 agvistos ockaciani amaliT vax- gasaxlebis nebarTva. imperatorma Txovna
tang batoniSvili generalTan gamocxadda da ar daakmayofila, radgan aseTi gadamWreli
danebda. tuCkovma batoniSvili daarwmuna, RonisZiebis gatarebis safuZvels ver xedav-
rom misgan mxolod TbilisSi gamocxadebas da da. piriqiT, imperatorma ruseTSi myof ba-
115
toniSvilebs neba darTo, Tu moisurvebdnen, terburgSi fici erTxel ukve dadebuli hqon-
saqarTveloSi dabrunebuliyvnen. 1802 wlis 20 da, aRmasrulebel eqspediciaSi gamocxadda
agvistos knorringis kidev erT Txovnas wers da fici meored dado.
bagrationTa ruseTSi gasaxlebis Sesaxeb. pa- garsevan WavWavaZis ruseTidan dab-
suxad imperatorma brZana: bagrationebis gas- runebis Semdeg kaxeTidan TbilisSi Camovid-
axleba ruseTSi moxdes TviTeul maTganTan nen misi naTesavi Tavadebi: luarsab vaCnaZe,
nebayoflobiTi SeTanxmebis Semdeg. samefo ioseb jandieri, dimitri andronikaSvili da
saxlis wevrTa ZaldatanebiTi gasaxleba im- adam andronikaSvili. Tavadebis Camosvlis
perators `Zalze ukiduresad miaCnda“ da igi mizezi mxolod didi xnis unaxav naTesavTan
mxolod aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi unda yo- Sexvedra iyo. TbilisSi CamosvlisTanave Ta-
filiyo gamoyenebuli. lazarevma da kovalan- vadebi kovalenskisTan gamocxadden, magram,
skim vaxtang batoniSvili ruseTSi gamgzavre- xangrZlivi lodinis miuxedavad, saqarT-
baze ver daiTanxmes, rasac Zalze mtkivneu- velos mmarTvelma isini ar miiRo. amis Sem-
lad aRiqvamda rusuli mmarTveloba. amas zed deg Tavadebi garsevan WavWavaZisken gaemarT-
daerTo xmebis gavrceleba imis Taobaze, rom nen da iq isadiles. saRamos kaxeTidan Camo-
male ruseTSi myofi qarTveli batoniSvilebi suli Tavadebi kovalenskim TavisTan daibara,
dabrundebodnen. am xmebma darejan dedofa- Tbilisis komendantma maT xmlebi CamoarTva,
li gaamxneva. daapatimra da haubtvaxtSi moaTavsa. Ta-
vadebis dapatimrebam TbilisSi mRelvareba
gamoiwvia. ori dRis Semdeg Tavadebi gaaTa-
visufles. Seuracxyofili garsevan WavWavaZe
§5. garsevan WavWavaZis dabruneba ruseTidan
TavadebTan erTad kovalenskisTan gamocxad-
1802 wlis oqtomberSi ruseTidan saqa- da da momxdaris ganmarteba mosTxova. gar-
rTveloSi dabrunda qarTveli elCi garsevan sevan WavWavaZesa da kovalenskis Soris aseTi
WavWavaZe.. garsevan WavWavaZe da mTeli misi
WavWavaZe saubari Sedga:
sagvareulo samSobloSi didi pativiT sarge- garsevan WavWavaZe: Tu Tavadebs raime da-
blobda. ruseTSi gamgzavrebamde garsevan naSauli aqvT Cadenili, maSin isini sasamarT-
WavWavaZe, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, yazaxis los winaSe unda warsdgnen.
mouravi iyo da iqaur muslim mosaxleoba- piotr kovalenski: Tavadebs araviTari
Sic didi siyvaruli daeTesa. yazaxis didka- danaSauli ar CaudeniaT, garda imisa, rom
cobam gadawyvita stefanwmindaSi migebeboda TqvenTan mosvlamde CemTan unda gamocxadebu-
garsevan WavWavaZes. garsevanis Svili ale- liyvnen, me isini mxolod amitom davapatimre.
qsandre ivan lazarevTan gamocxadda da Ta- Seuracxyofilma Tavadebma aleqsandr
Trebis razmTan erTad stefanwmindaSi gamg- I-is saxelze saCivari daweres da igi TbilisSi
zavrebis ufleba iTxova. generalma sakiTxi myof rus moxele aleqsandr sokolovs ga-
ver gadawyvita da aleqsandre WavWavaZes ur- dasces. sokolovisaTvis saCivris gadacema
Cia kovalenskisaTvis miekiTxa. kovalenskim Seityo Tu ara, 1802 wlis 10 noembers kova-
TaTrebs stefanwmindaSi gamgzavrebis ufleba lenskim mowodebiT mimarTa `ùpatiosnes
upatiosnes
misca, magram imave dRes Tavisi gadawyvetileba samRvdeloebas“,
samRvdeloebas “, `sapativcemulo
`sapativcemulo Tavadebs“,
gaauqma. aleqsandre WavWavaZe piotr kovalen- aznaurebs, moqalaqeebs da qarTvel xalxs.
skisTan gamocxadda da TaTrebis stefanwmin- mowodebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom TbilisSi
daSi gamgzavrebis nebarTva mainc miiRo. yaza- wesrigisa da simSvidis darRvevas cdiloben
xis TaTrebis didkacoba garsevan WavWavaZes mTavrobis mowinaaRmdege adamianebi. isini
stefanwmindaSi miegeba da 200-ma cxenosanma awyobdnen Tavyrilobebsa da TaTbirebs. saqa-
igi didi pativiT Camoacila TbilisSi. rusu- rTvelos mmarTveli mosaxleobas afrTxileb-
li mmarTvelobisaTvis esec Zalze usiamov- da, rom igi aRkveTda yovelgvar uwesrigobas,
no faqts warmoadgenda. TbilisSi Camosvlis aseve ar dauSvebda dadgenili wesis gverdis
Semdeg kovalenskim garsevan WavWavaZes saqa- avliT Txovnebisa da saCivrebis gagzavnas.
rTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis aRmasrulebel kovalenskim Tbilisis komendants daavala
eqspediciaSi gamocxadeba da ruseTis impera- mowodebis teqsti piradad gaecno garse-
toris erTgulebaze ficis dadeba mosTxova. van WavWavaZis naTesavi TavadebisaTvis da
miuxedavad imisa, rom garsevan WavWavaZes pe- misi gacnobis damadasturebeli xelwerilic
116
vaxtang guruli
CamoerTmia maTTvis. komendanti gamocxadda dadebaze daiTanxma Tavadebi: ivane orbeli-

garsevan WavWavaZesTan, magram man uari Tqva ani,, TarxniSvili da mayaSvili.
ani mayaSvili.
xelwerilis micemaze, xelwirilis micemaze garsevan WavWavaZis TbilisSi dabruneba
im droisaTvis did movlenad iqca, Tavadebi
xSirad ikribebodnen masTan, raTa axali am-
bebi SeetyoT. am Sexvedrebis Semdeg TbilisSi
aTasi Wori da marTali vrceldeboda. amiT
isargebla kovalenskim da knorringisaTvis
gagzavnil moxsenebaSi garsevan WavWavaZes
TbilisSi mRelvarebis gamowvevis mcdeloba
dasdo bralad. am ukanasknelma kovalenskis
informaciaze dayrdnobiT 1802 wlis 30 noem-
bers imperators WavWavaZisa da sxva qarTveli
Tavadebis arakeTilsaimedoobis Sesaxeb moax-
sena. knorringi garsevan WavWavaZesa da sxva
qarTvel Tavadebs xalxis mRelvarebis daw-
yebis mcdelobaSi sdebda brals. moxsenebaSi
ufro konkretul braldebebzec iyo saubari.
kerZod, Tavadebs brali edebodaT qveynis ga-
reT werilebis gagzavnaSi da xelisuflebi-
sadmi daumorCileblobaSi. amjerad kovalen-
skim Tavisi ver gaitana. saqarTveloSi impera-
toris sagangebo davalebiT Camosuli moxele
aleqsandr sokolovi 1802 wlis 1 noembers
ruseTis imperiis vice-kancler aleqsandr
voroncovisadmi wardgenil moxsenebaSi se-
garsevan WavWavaZe riozul braldebebs uyenebda kovalenskis.
kovalenskis sazianod moqmedebda isic, rom
uari ganacxades aseve Tavadma ivane orbeli- garsevan WavWavaZes peterburgSi sakmaod kar-
anma, Tavadma TarxniSvilma da sxvebma. amis gi avtoriteti hqonda.
sapasuxod kovalenskim Tavadebi cal-calke karl knorringisa da piotr kovalenskis
gamoiZaxa TavisTan da xelwerilis dadeba xanmokle mmarTveloba, romelmac bevri ube-
mosTxova. Tavadebma saqarTvelos mmarTvels dureba moutana qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobis
ganucxades, rom isini kaxeTidan Camosuli yvela socialur fenas, sabolood maTi ga-
Tavadebis Tanxmobis Semdeg dadebdnen xel- dayenebiT damTavrda.
werils. kovalenskim moaxerxa da xelwerilis
117
Tavi V. saqarTvelo pavel cicianovis mmarTvelobis periodSi

(1802-1806 ww.)
general-leitenanti pavel cicianovi, falTan urTierTobis mogvareba. jer kidev

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos mTa- 1802 wlis 30 agvistos darejan dedofalma
varsardlad 1802 wlis 11 seqtembers daini- imperatorTan iCivla, rom mas ruseTSi gamg-
Sa. cicianovis saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad zavreba surda, magram amis saSualebas ar
daniSvnis Semdeg ruseTis imperatorma Crdi- aZlevdnen. ruseTSi gamgzavrebaSi daxmarebis
lo kavkasiis administraciul-teritoriul TxovniT darejan dedofalma ruseTis dedo-
dayofaSi cvlilebebi Seitana. ruseTis impe- falsac mimarTa. ruseTis imperiis Sina-
riis sagareo saqmeTa saministros 1802 wlis gan saqmeTa ministrma viqtor koCubeim 1802
17 oqtombris brZanebiT kavkasiis momTabare wlis 21 dekembers pavel cicianovs werili
xalxebi uSualod pavel cicianovs daeqvem- gaugzavna da darejan dedoflisaTvis dax-
debarnen. 1802 wlis noemberSi aleqsandr I-is marebis aRmoCena sTxova. 1802 wlis 27 dekem-
brZanebiT astraxanis gubernia
gubernia,, romelic cxra bers cicianovi darejan dedofals swerda,
mazrisagan Sedgeboda, astraxanisa da kavka- rom man lazarevsa da kovalenskis ruseTSi
siis guberniad gaiyo. astraxanis guberniaSi misi gamgzavrebis organizeba daavala, xolo
Sedioda: astraxanis
astraxanis,, enotaevskis
enotaevskis,, krasnoia- TviTon georgievskSi elodeboda dedo-
riskisa da Cernoiarskis mazrebi, xolo kavka- fals. marTalia, cicianovs eWvi epareboda
siis guberniaSi _ yizlaris
yizlaris,, mozdokis
mozdokis,, geor- darejan dedoflis gulwrfelobaSi, magram
gievskis, aleqsandrovskis da stavropolis dapirebisamebr mas mainc elodeboda geor-
mazrebi. orive guberniis umaRles samxedro gievskSi. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis eWvi
da samoqalaqo moxeled iTvleboda kavkasiis gamarTlda. 1803 wlis 1 ianvars kovalenski
xazisa da saqarTvelos mTavarsardali. kavka- darejan dedofals eaxla da cicianovis wer-
siis xazis mTavarsardlis rezidencia geor- ilebi gadasca. dedofalma werilebi maSinve
gievskSi unda yofiliyo. georgievski iTvle- waikiTxa. kovalenskis kiTxvas, Tu rodis ine-
boda kavkasiis guberniis centradac. pavel bebda ruseTSi gamgzavrebas, ase upasuxa: axla
cicianovs orive guberniaSi hyavda TanaSem- dResaswaulia da me ar SemiZlia saswrafod
weebi _ samoqalaqo gubernatorebi.
gubernatorebi. ruseTis gipasuxoT. gTxovT, saRamos CemTan mobrZan-
imperatoris brZanebiT, kavkasiis xazis gasa- deT, manmade ki me werilebs kidev erTxel
Zliereblad pavel cicianovis gankarguleba- yuradRebiT wavikiTxavo. pasuxis dagvianebis
Si gadavida saratovis muSketerTa da egere- mizezad dedofalma werilebis rusulidan
Ta me-9 polkebi. qarTulze Targmna moimizeza. saRamos mas-
Tan misul kovalenskis ki ganucxada, rom
erTi Tvis avadmyofobis Semdeg Tavs sustad
grZnobda, ris gamoc zamTarSi Soreuli mgza-
§1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebis ga- vrobisagan Tavi unda Seekavebina. dedofals
dasaxleba ruseTSi gamgzavrebis konkretuli TariRi ar dausax-
elebia. 1803 wlis 2 ianvars kovalenskim
1. darejan dedoflis ruseTSi ga-
darejan dedoflis pasuxi cicianovs acnoba.
dasaxlebis mcdeloba.
mcdeloba. pavel cicianovi
2 ianvarsve cicianovs darejan dedofalmac
TbilisSi 1803 wlis 1 Tebervals Camovida.
gaugzavna werili. dedofali saqarTvelos
mas, upirveles yovlisa, unda daeZlia karl
mTavarsardals swerda, rom avadmyofobis
knorringisa da piotr kovalenskis mmarT-
gamo ruseTSi ver gaemgzavreboda da amde-
velobiT gamowveuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi
nad, cicianovi mas georgievskSi aRar unda
da moegvarebina urTierToba bagrationTa
dalodeboda. 1803 wlis 2 ianvars Tbilis-
samefo saxlis wevrebTan. pavel cicianovs
Si myofi apolos musin-puSkini cicianovs
TbilisSi Camosvlis pirvel xanebSive ru-
swerda, ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze uaris Tqmis
suli mmarTvelobisagan Seuracxyofilma da
mizezi avadmyofoba ar iyo, dedofali ukve
daCagrulma mosaxleobam uamravi Txovna da
janmrTeladaa, magram gamgzavrebisagan mainc
saCivari miarTva, maTi ganxilva did drosa da
Tavs ikavebso. musin-puSkini aRniSnavda, rom
energias iTxovda.
cicianovis TbilisSi Camosvlas SeiZleboda
gansakuTrebiT Zneli iyo darejan dedo-
118
vaxtang guruli
dedoflis ruseTSi gamgzavreba daeCqarebina. saqarTvelos mmarTvel piotr kovalenskis

musin-puSkinma vaxtang batoniSvils SesTava- gadayenebiT daiwyo. saqarTvelos mmarTve-
za, darejan dedofali Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi lad general-maiori sergei tuCkovi dainiSna.
piradad miecilebina igi ruseTis sazRvramde. cicianovs kargad esmoda, rom gamocdili da
roca vaxtang batoniSvilisgan uari miiRo, mamaci generlis samoqalaqo Tanamdebobaze
musin-puSkinma darejan dedofalTan Sexvedra daniSvna didi danaklisi iqneboda jarisTvis.
moisurva. 1803 wlis 10 ianvars igi cicianovs amitom iyo, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
moaxsenebda, rom misi TbilisSi Camosvlis ga- ruseTidan mcodne da keTilsindisieri mox-
reSe darejan dedoflisa da batoniSvilebis eleebis gamogzavnas iTxovda. 1803 wlis 27
ruseTSi gamgzavreba ar moxerxdeboda. Tebervals man ruseTis imperiis Sinagan saqme-
2. daviT batoniSvilisa da vaxtang ba- Ta ministr viqtor koCubeis rusul mmarTv-
toniSvilis gadasaxleba ruseTSi. saqarT- elobaSi arsebuli korufciis, usamarTlo-
velos mTavarsardali pavel cicianovi, ro- bisa da borotmoqmedebis Sesaxeb acnoba. ra
gorc aRvniSneT, TbilisSi 1803 wlis 1 Teber- mdgomareoba Seqmniliyo saqarTveloSi, Zneli
warmosadgeni ar iqneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,
rom cicianovma Wkviani da patiosani moxelee-
bis gamogzavna TviT ruseTis imperators
sTxova 27 Tebervals gagzavnil moxsenebaSi.
saqarTvelos mTavrsardlis Txovna Sewynare-
bul iqna. 1803 wlis 3 ivliss ruseTis imperi-
is Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma viqtor koCubeim
saqarTveloSi gasagzavni moxeleebis mkacrad
SerCevis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gasca.
TbilisSi CamosvlisTanave pavel cici-
anovma qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevre-
bi TavisTan miiwvia. dedofalma darejanma
maspinZels ganucxada: mas marTlac hqon-
da ruseTSi gamgzavrebis survili, radgan
fiqrobda, rom ruseTSi mxolod mas iwvevd-
nen. dedofals azri mas Semdeg Seucvlia,
roca gaugia, rom mTeli samefo saxlis ru-
seTSi gadasaxleba iyo ganzraxuli. bolos
darejan dedofalma mainc Tanxmoba ganacxada
ruseTSi wasvlaze, magram gamgzavreba 1803
wlis aprilamde gadado. amasTan erTad, dedo-
falma gamgzavrebis mosamzadeblad 10.000 ma-
neTi iTxova. dedofali aseve iTxovda, rom
mas ruseTSi ormocdaaTkaciani amala unda
pavel cicianovi gahyoloda.
pavel cicianovTan Sexvedrisas batoniS-
vals Camovida. mas SiSiTa da imediT elodnen vilma daviT giorgis Zem ruseTSi gamgza-
borotmoqmedebaSi SemCneuli rusuli mmarT- vrebaze uari ganacxada, mas mibaZa batoniS-
velobis moxeleebi. bagrationTa samefo sax- vilma vaxtang erekles Zem.
Zem. cicianovma am
lis wevrebi ki fiqrobdnen, rom warmoSobiT ukanasknels acnoba, rom bagrationTa samefo
qarTveli cicianovis (ciciSvilis) TbilisSi saxlis Tbilisidan gasaxleba ruseTis impera-
Camosvla maT Svebas moutanda. samefo saxlis toris survili iyo. batoniSvili am cnobam
wevrebs mefobis aRdgenis imedic ki CaesaxaT. Zalze daamwuxra da gacxada: ruseTSi was-
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sruliad gansx- vlas mirCevnia saqarTveloSi miwis muSad
vavebuli mosazreba hqonda pavel cicianovs: davrCeo. darejan dedofalTan da batoniS-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardals yvela bagratio- vilebTan Sexvedris Semdeg, cicianovi 1803
nis ruseTSi gadasaxleba hqonda gadawyvetili. wlis TebervalSi peterburgSi gagzavnil
pavel cicianovma Tavisi moRvaweoba moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda: dedoflisa da ba-
119
toniSvilebis Seupovroba mafiqrebinebs, rom dawerili darejan dedoflis werili (Tekla

1803 wlis gazafxulze iranis Sah feThi alisa dedoflisa da kovalenskis Sexvedras eswre-
da lekebis jaris daxmarebiT batoniSvilebi boda), romelic adasturebda, rom kovalens-
aleqsandre erekles Ze, iulon erekles Ze da kis darejan dedoflisaTvis cicianovis moq-
erekles Ze qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis aRdgenas medebis usamarTlobis Sesaxeb araferi uTq-
Seecdebiano. vams. am werilze kovalenskis TxovniT Tekla
da qeTevan batoniSvilebs dausvamT dedoflis
beWedi. arc werilis daweris da arc masze
beWdis dasmis Sesaxeb darejan dedoflma
araferi icoda. diliT darejan dedofalma
beWedi ver ipova, Tumca maleve Seityo misi
gauCinarebis mizezi. imave dRes, 1803 wlis 28
aprils, dedofalma werili gaugzavna cici-
anovs da kidev erTxel daadastura misTvis
kovalenskis mier naTqvami sityvebi.
TbilisSi Camosvlis Semdeg pavel ci-
cianovma Seityo, rom viRac cru xmebs
avrcelebda, TiTqos saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
dals bagrationTa samefo saxlis wevrebis
Tanxmobis gareSe maTi ruseTSi gasaxleba ar
SeeZlo. 1803 wlis 19 Tebervals cicianovma
aleqsandr I-s bagrationTa samefo saxlis ru-
seTSi Zalis gamoyenebiT gasaxlebis ufleba
sTxova. 1803 wlis 7 marts imperatorma saqa-
rTvelos mTavarsardals ufleba misca Ta-
visi Sexedulebisamebr emoqmeda. cicianovma
imperatoris Tanxmobis miRebamde batoniS-
vilebi daviT giorgis Ze da vaxtang erekles
Ze ruseTSi gagzavna. sasabad gamoyenebuli
iqna TbilisSi gavrcelebuli xmebi, rom 1803
wlis 10 marts Tbiliss lekebi da kavkasiis
sxva mTielebi daesxmebodnen Tavs. gavrcele-
darejan dedofali buli xmebis mixedviT, lekebma da kavkasiis
sxva mTielebma aleqsandre batoniSvilis
pavel cicianovis mier gadayenebuli dasaxmareblad 7.000 aTasi mebrZoli Sekribes
kovalenski jer kidev TbilisSi imyofeboda da sofel gavazsa da sofel yvarelze apir-
da wylis amRvrevas cdilobda. igi dare- ebdnen Tavdasxmas. es xmebi sinamdviles ar
jan dedofals eaxla da ganucxada: Tqveni Seefereboda. aleqsandre batoniSvils lekTa
nebis winaaRmdeg veravin ruseTSi ver gagas- am raodenobis jari arasodes ar hyolia, ris
axlebTo. dedoflisa da kovalenskis Sexve- gamoc igi Tbilisze laSqrobas ver bedavda.
dris ambavi gaxmaurda. viRac mizandasaxulad jer kidev 1802 wlis dekemberSi, e.i roca ci-
avrcelebda xmebs: cicianovi dedofals ru- cianovi jer kidev georgievskSi iyofeboda,
seTSi gamgzavrebas aiZulebs, xolo kovalen- aleqsandre batoniSvilma masTan molaparake-
ski amtkicebs, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsar- ba gadawyvita da Suamavlad garsevan WavWavaZe
dals amis ufleba ara aqvso. cicianovma SearCia. 1802 wlis 5 dekembers aleqsandre ba-
darejan dedofals kovalenskisTan saubris toniSvili garsevan WavWavaZes avalebda cici-
Sinaarsis werilobiTi dadastureba moTxova, anovTan samefo saxlis wevrTa bedi gaerkvia.
rac dedofalma Seasrula kidec. kovalenski cicianovma aleqsandre batoniSvils peter-
yvelafers uaryofda. mogvianebiT 1803 wlis burgSi gamgzavreba SeTavaza, sadac igi imper-
23 aprils kovalenskim ruseTis imperiis Sina- atoris survils piradad Seityobda. batoniS-
gan saqmeTa ministrTan Tavi imarTla. man min- vilma ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze uari ganacxada
istrs warudgina batoniSvil Teklas xeliT da Tavisi erTguli 115 qarTveliTa da lekTa
120
vaxtang guruli
mcire razmiT ukeTes dros daeloda. ale- zavna da qarTl-kaxeTis mefed damtkicebSi
qsandre batoniSvili rusTa winaaRmdeg ja- Semweoba sTxova. magram 1803 wlis Teberval-
riT daxmarebis saTxovnelad TeiranSi apir- martSi TbilisSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma
ebda gamgzavrebas. cicianovi darwmunebuli quTaisSi myofi iulon batoniSvili daarwmu-
iyo, rom irani batoniSvils ar daexmareboda, na, rom igi qarTl-kaxeTis mefe veRarasdros
magram mas Zalze afiqrebda is, rom bagra- gaxdeboda. cicianovi cdilobda iulon ba-
tionTa samefo saxlis wevrebi didi imediT toniSvilze gavlena misi meuRlis meSveobiT
elodebodnen 1803 wlis 10 marts. cicianovis moexdina. warumatebeli aRmoCnda ciciano-
eWvi gaaZliera imanac, rom daviT batoniSvil- vis davalebiT Tavad daviT abaSiZis vizitebi
ma ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze Tanxmoba ganacxada, quTaisSi. iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebs
magram gamgzavreba 1803 wlis martis bolo- TbilisSi dabrunebas urCevdnen quTaTeli
saTvis gadado. cicianovma movlenebis ganvi- mitropoliti dosiTeozi (wereTeli
(wereTeli),
), saxl-
Tarebas daaswro da 1803 wlis 19 Tebervals Tuxucesi Tavadi zurab wereTeli
wereTeli,, Tavadebi
daviT da vaxtang batoniSvilebi Tbilisidan qaixosro wereTeli, giorgi wulukiZe
wulukiZe,, daviT
ruseTSi gagzavna. batoniSvilebis vladika- wulukiZe da sxvebi. yovelgvari mcdelobis
vkazis simagremde gacileba general-maior miuxedavad, iulon da farnavaz batoniSvile-
ivan lazarevs daevala. vladikavkazSi laza- bi TbilisSi ar brundebodnen.
revs batoniSvilebi mozdokis komendat pro-
topopovisaTvis unda Caebarebina, romelic
maT mozdokamde miacilebda.
daviT da vaxtang batoniSvilebis Semdeg §2 mariam dedoflisa da misi Svilebis gadasax-
ruseTSi gadaasaxles erekle II-is ufrosi Svi- leba ruseTSi. general ivan lazarevis mkvlel-
lis, axalgazrda asakSi gardacvlili vaxtan- oba.
gis (“vaxtang kargis~) qvrivi qeTevani (erTi
1803 wlis aprilSi giorgi XII-is qvriv-
cnobiT yaflaniSvili, meore cnobiT mxeiZe
ma dedofalma mariamma Tbilisidan TianeTSi
_ v. g). qeTevans daeniSna qvrivis sargo _
gadasvla gadawyvita. igi varaudobda, rom
150 maneTi TveSi. daviT da vaxtang batoniS-
TianeTSi ori Tve darCeboda. dedoflis
vilebis ruseTSi gadasaxlebam Zalze cudad
TianeTSi gamgzavrebis oficialuri mizezi
imoqmeda samefo saxlis ganwyobilebaze. 1803
laSarisa da gudanis jvrebis molocva iyo.
wlis 27 Tebervals darejan dedofalma ru-
sinamdvileSi, dedofals surda, rogorme
seTis imperiis dedofalTan iCivla. cici-
Tavidan aecilebina ruseTSi gadasaxleba.
anovma piradad inaxula darejan dedofali
mariam dedofali TianeTidanve apirebda ru-
da darwmunda, rom misi Tbilisidan gamgza-
seTis imperatorisaTvis misi saqarTveloSi
vrebis konkretuli dro ver dainiSneboda
datovebis Sesaxeb Txovnis gagzavnas. dedo-
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo. 1803 wlis
falma TianeTis mourav daviT ColoyaSvils
25 Tebervals Tbilisidan gaqceva moaxerxa
werili gaugzavna, masSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom
batoniSvilma Teimuraz giorgis ZemZem,, romel-
mouravi jildod 1.000 maneTs miiRebda, Tu
mac TbilisSi datova meuRle. 1803 wlis 26
Tbilisidan gasvlis Semdeg mis Sesaxvedrad,
Tebervals cicianovma proklamacia gaavrce-
rac SeiZleba, did razms gamogzavnida. dedo-
la, romlis mizani ruseTSi daviT da vaxtang
fali razmis TiToeul wevrs fulad jildos
batoniSvilebis gasaxlebiTa da Tbilisidan
hpirdeboda. daviT ColoyaSvilTan werili
Teimuraz batoniSvilis gaqceviT aRelvebuli
aznaurma zurab ivangulaSvilma waiRo. azn-
mosaxleobis damSvideba iyo. imavdroulad
auri SeSinda, werili dawva, dedofals ki
saqarTvelos mTavarmarTebelma Teimuraz ba-
moaxsena, rom daviT ColoyaSvilma TianeTSi
toniSvilis Zebna gamoacxada.
Tqvens miRebaze uari ganacxadao. dedofals
batoniSvili iulon erekles Ze warmoSo-
ivangulaSvilis erTgulebaSi eWvi ar epare-
biT qarTveli pavel cicianovis saqarTvelos
boda, amitom masve daavala, TianeTis aTi-
mTavarsardlad daniSvnas miesalma da mas
Tormeti soflis mamasaxlisTan molapara-
knorringis ukanono qmedebebis Sesaxeb saCi-
keba, raTa maT dedoflisaTvis TavSesafari
varic miarTva. batoniSvils samefos aRdge-
moemzadebinaT. ivangulaSvilma amjeradac
nis imedic ki mieca. 1803 wlis 16 Tebervals
icrua da dedofals moaxsena, rom mamasax-
iulon batoniSvilma cicianovs werili gaug-
lisebmac daxmarebaze uari Tqveso. 1803 wlis
121
16 aprils dedofalma ivangulaSvils gaando, karTan mdgari yarauli cxenebis qalaqSi

rom xevsureTSi gadawyvita gaqceva da daav- Semoyvanis uflebas ar iZleoda. cxadi gax-
ala, oTxi cxeni moemzadebina, radgan Svidi da, rom dedoflis ganzraxva rusebisaTvis
cxeni mas ukve mzad hyavda, xolo eqvss Tavadi ukve cnobili iyo. mansurovma ivangulaSvils
aslan orbeliani mouyvanda. dedoflis erT- uTxra: `wadi axla da im ZaRliSvils uTxari,
gulma amalis wevrebma, rogorc Cans, ivangu- ras apirebs~. dedoflis amgvarad moxsenie-
laSvilSi eWvi Seitanes, ris gamoc mas mariam bidan cxadi iyo, Tu ras warmoadgenda man-
dedoflis erTgulebaze daficeba mosTxoves. surovi da rogor uerTgulebda igi dedo-
moRalatem fici dado. daficebis Semdeg fals gaWirvebis Jams. mariam dedofalma mas-
zurab ivangulaSvils dedofalma ZmasTan, Tan cudi ambiT misuli zurab ivangulaSvili
daviT ciciSvilTan,
ciciSvilTan, werili gaatana da Tanac galanZRa. miuxedavad Seqmnili viTarebisa,
mariami Tbilisidan gaqcevis imeds ar kargav-
da. amalis wevrebis nawilma misi gegma saSiSad
miiCnia da Camoscilda. gaqcevaze xelis aRe-
bas urCevda dedofals misi naTesavi Tavadi
aslan orbeliani
orbeliani.. mariam dedofali aravis
rCevas ar iRebda da gaqcevisTvis emzadeboda.
am dros masTan mivida zurab ivangulaSvili
da gulaxdilad uTxra, rom is da mansurovi
dedofals atyuebdnen da rom gaqcevisaTvis
arc erTi cxeni ar iyo mzad. oTaxSi Semovida
aslan orbelianic, dedofalsa da mosuls So-
ris saubari gaimarTa:
aslan orbeliani: ratom amzadebT bargs?
mariam dedofali: fSavSi minda wasvla.
aslan orbeliani: Tqven sustad xarT,
wasvlas ver SeZlebT, an visTan erTad unda
waxvideT, vin gagiSvebT?
mariam dedofali: oTxi kaci Tanaxmaa Cem-
Tan erTad wamovides, wamodiT Tqvenc.
aslan orbeliani: rodis midixarT?
mariam dedofali: amaRam.
aslan orbeliani: Tqveni wasvla arafriT
ar SeiZleba, arc me var Tanaxma.
mariam dedofali aRelvebuli mariam dedofali Tavisas
ar iSlida, aRelda aslan orbelianic. sau-
saxarjod 600 maneTi misca. mariam dedofali bari ase gagrZelda:
Zmas swerda, rom ivangulaSvilis yvela Txov- aslan orbeliani: ra gindaT Cvengan? ra-
na Seesrulebina. am ukanasknels daviT ciciS- tom gindaT gadagvCexoT ubedurebaSi? ras
vilisaTvis sityvierad unda gadaeca, rom mas akeTebT, sad midixarT?
dis gasacileblad, rac SeiZleba, didi razmi mariam dedofali: ratom gindaT, rom Cemi
gamoeyo, xolo Tavad suramSi daxvedroda. Svilebi meored moxvdnen tyveobaSi? aiReT
rogorc Cans, dedofalma xevsureTSi gamg- xanjali, damartyiT an mesroleT Tofi!
zavrebis gegma Secvala. 1803 wlis 17 aprils mariam dedofali (zurab ivangulaSvils):
mariam dedofalma masTan daaxloebul mans- waiyvaneT Cemi vaJebi, jibraili da ilia, da-
urovs ubrZana, rom Tbilisidan gasasvlelad maleT Tqvens saxlSi, viTareba Seicvleba da
cxenebi moemzadebina. mansurovma dedofals SesaZlebeli gaxdeba maTi sadme gagzavna.
moaxsena, rom cxenebi ukve ganjis karTan hy- zurab ivangulaSvili: Tqven gindaT, rom
avda mzad. dedofalma mas ubrZana, rom cx- sabolood damRupoT?
enebi ganjis karidan avlabris karTan gadae- gamwarebuli dedofali ivangulaSvils
yvana. moulodnelad mansurovTan gamocxadda sTxovda 2.000 maneTis jildos sanacvlod ba-
cxenebis mwyemsi biWi da acnoba, rom ganjis toniSvilebi sadme daemala. uarma dedofali
122
vaxtang guruli
sasowarkveTilebaSi Caagdo. am dros oTaxSi saxlSi Sevida. dedofals lazarevTan cudi

Semovida diakvan egnates mier gamogzavnili urTierToba hqonda da, rogorc sergei
msaxuri da dedofali saRamos locvaze mi- tuCkovi wers, amis mizezic gaaCnda: genera-
iwvia. dedofalma xmamaRla warmoTqva: àxla li dedofals xSirad ayenebda Seuracxyofas.
me locvis Tavi ar maqvs, me daviRupe, daiR- viTareba imdenad daiZaba, rom mariam dedo-
upnen Cemi Svilebic! fSavSi wasvla mindoda, falma lazarevs ramdenjerme uCivla cici-
magram amala ar damemorCila!~ odnav mogvi- anovTan. cxadia, generlis vizitma mariam
anebiT dedofals ganzraxva arc diakvanma dedofali cud xasiaTze daayena. oficialuri
mouwona. pasuxad mariam dedofalma ganacxa- rusuli dokumentebis mixedviT, movlenebi
da: fSavSi wasvla imitom mindoda, rom iqidan ase ganviTarda: generali lazarevi ramdenime
imperatorisaTvis werili gamegzavna da saqa- oficris TanxlebiT dedoflis sawolSi Sevi-
rTveloSi darCenis nebarTva meTxova. isedac da da ojaxTan erTad Tbilisidan gasaxlebis
imedgacruebul da sasowarkveTil dedofals Sesaxeb acnoba. dedofali generals civad
aslan orbelianma hkiTxa: Tu mTel samefo Sexvda da ganucxada: ~umal Tavs moviklav,
saxls aqedan waiyvanen, raRa azri eqneba vidre peterburgSi gamgzavrebaze davTanx-
Tqvens saqarTveloSi cxovrebas? gabrazeb- mdebi!~ lazarevma dedoflis dayoliebis
ulma dedofalma aslan orbelians oTaxis da- mizniT oTaxSi qarTulis mcodne ruseTis
toveba ubrZana. jaris kvartermaisteri surokovi datova,
naTesavebisagan mitovebulma dedofalma xolo TviTon generali sawolidan gamovida,
aznaur nikoloz ximSiaSvils uxmo da fSavSi raTa gamgzavrebasTan dakavSirebiT aucile-
gaqcevaSi daxmareba sTxova. am ukanasknelma beli brZanebebi gaeca. rogorc ki surokovi
dedofals daxmareba aRuTqva, magram aR- dedofals miuaxlovda, batoniSvilebma ji-
moCnda, rom man fSavis gza ar icoda. dedo- brailma da Tamarma tansacmlis qveS damal-
fali fiqrobda, rom megzurs ipovida, Tumca uli xanjlebi iSiSvles da surokovsa da sxva
es arc ise advili aRmoCnda. oficrebs daesxnen Tavs. xmaurze oTaxSi da-
dedoflis Tbilisidan gaqcevis ganzrax- brunda lazarevi da sawolze mjdom mariam
va ukve mTelma qalaqma Seityo. pavel cici- dedofals Svilebis dawynareba urCia. dedo-
anovs moaxsenes, rom dedofali 1803 wlis 18 falma moulodnelad sawolSi damalul xan-
aprilis RamiT SvilTan, bagrat batoniSvilT- jals staca xeli da marcxena neknebis mxri-
an, da mTel Tavis ojaxTan erTad Tbilisidan dan generals mTeli ZaliT Caartya. xanjali
avlabris kariT apirebda gaparvas. qalaqis imdenad Zlierad iyo dartymuli, rom laza-
komendaturidan cicianovs acnobes, rom bar- revma karis zRurblamde Zlivs miaRwia da
giT datvirTuli cxenebi SeamCnies. male saqa- iqve usulod daeca. mkvlelobis ambavi maS-
rTvelos mTavarsardalma meore cnoba miiRo: inve Seatyobines cicianovsa da qalaqis komen-
dedofalma mariamma ori umcrosi Svilis, ji- dants. yvela samxedro da samoqalaqo Tanam-
brailisa da ilias
ilias,, qalaqidan gapareba sca- debobis piri dedoflis saxlTan gamocxadda,
da, magram avlabris karTan mdgarma yaraul- ar misula mxolod cicianovi. aslan orbe-
ma isini daakava. cicianovma general-maior liani dedofals urCevda xanjali daegdo,
ivan lazarevs ubrZana, ar daeSva dedoflis magram amaod. maSin qalaqis policmaisterma
Tbilisidan gaqceva. imavdroulad general- mikirtum surgunovma xelze boxoxi daixvia
maiorma sergei tuCkovma bagrat batoniSvilis da ise gamoglija dedofals xanjali. amis
dakavebis brZaneba miiRo. tuCkovi bagrat ba- Semyure batoniSvili Tamari surgunovs Tavs
toniSvilTan erTad mcxeTaSi unda Casuliyo daesxa, magram moqneuli xanjali policmaist-
da iq dalodeboda lazarevs, romelic mariam ers ascda da dedofals moxvda mxarSi. dedo-
dedofalsa da mis ojaxs mcxeTamde Caacileb- falma batoniSvil Tamars xanjali xelidan
da. 1803 wlis 18 aprils, saRamos, pavel ci- gamoglija, raTa, rogorc Semdeg ganacxada,
cianovma mariam dedoflis saxlTan yaraulis ganzraxuli hqonda jer surgunovi, xolo
dayeneba brZana, xolo dedofals acnoba, rom Semdeg Tavi moekla. mariami imwamsve ganaiara-
19 aprilis diliT gamgzavrebisaTvis mzad Res, ganaiaraRes jibrail batoniSvilic.
yofiliyo. mariam dedoflis mier general-maior
1803 wlis 19 aprils dilis 6 saaTze gen- ivan lazarevis mkvlelobis zemoT motanil
eral-maiori ivan lazarevi mariam dedoflis versias 1803 wlidan ucvlelad imeorebs ru-
123
suli istoriografia. mkvlelobis es versia nikoloz ximSiaSvilma mokla. sityvebi, `xeli

rusebisaTvis misaRebi iyo. dedoflis mier dedofals?!~, romelic dedoflis sawolSi
generlis mokvla gamoyenebuli iqna bagra- myofT savsebiT garkveviT gaigones, swored
tionTa samefo saxlis wevrebis ruseTSi ga- nikoloz ximSiaSvils ekuTvnoda. generlis
dasaxlebis dasaCqareblad. mokvlis Semdeg nikoloz ximSiaSvili fan-
arsebobs ivan lazarevis mkvlelobis jridan gadaxta da Tbilisi datova. nikoloz
meore versiac, _mariam dedofliseuli. mar- ximSiaSvili rom general lazarevis mkvleli
iam dedoflis micemuli Cvenebis mixedviT, iyo, adasturebda samegrelos dedofali nino
movlenebi ase ganviTarebula: 1803 wlis 19 (giorgi XII-is asuli) 1817 wels saqarTvelos
aprils, diliT, dedofalTan mivida gener- mTavarsardal aleqsei ermolovisaTvis gag-
al-maiori ivan lazarevi oficrebisa da ka- zavnil werilSi. dedofali nino aRniSnavda,
zakebis TanxlebiT. generali dedfoflis sa- rom sikvdilis win nikoloz ximSiaSvils misT-
wolSi Sevida da mas gaacno pavel cicianovis vis uTqvams, ivan lazarevi me movkalio. 1818
gankarguleba misi da misi Svilebis ruseTSi wels arqiepiskoposi pafnutic nikoloz xim-
saswrafod gagzavnis Sesaxeb. dedofalma SiaSvils lazarevis mkvlelad moixseniebda.
iTxova, erTi saaTi mainc damacadeT, bavS- nikoloz ximSiaSvils lazarevis mkvlelad
vebma gaiRviZon da mec gamovalo. lazarevi miiCnevda aleqsandre orbeliani.
orbeliani.
gabrazda da kazakebs ubrZana sawolidan gad- ivan lazarevis mkvlelobis ambavi elvis
moeyvanaT dedofali da batoniSvili Tamari
Tamari.. siswrafiT gavrcelda TbilisSi. xma dairxa,
TviTon lazarevma dedoflis sawoli datova. rom imperatori qalaqis darbevisa da misi
oficrebma da kazakebma dedofals xeli sta- mcxovreblebis dasjis brZanebas gascemda.
ces da sawolidan CamoTreva moundomes. ma- pavel cicianovs didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda
Sin xanjalmomarjvebulma jibrail batoniS- imisaTvis, rom xalxi daewynarebina.
vilma SesZaxa: sanam cocxali var, dedaCems mariam dedofali, rogorc aRvniSneT,
ar gaTrevinebTo. Tamar batoniSvilmac Tax- im dResve, 1802 wlis 19 aprils, gaamgzavres
Cidan xanjali CamoiRo, moimarjva da muqa- Tbilisidan. oficialuri versiiT, dedoflis
riT mimarTa rusebs. xmaurze lazarevi xmal- saxlis gaCxrekisas rusebma ipoves gadamalu-
amoRebuli SeiWra dedoflis sawolSi. mariam li Tofebi da dambaCebi. sergei tuCkovi 1802
dedofalma xanjals xeli staca. es rom laz- wlis 19 aprils, adre diliT, Seudga cicia-
arevma dainaxa, dedofals xmali mouqnia da novis brZanebis Sesrulebas. bagrat batoniS-
mxarSi daWra. dedofals meore Wriloba gen- vilTan erTad Tbilisidan gasuli generali
erlis Tanmxlebma kaWkaWovma miayena. dedo- mcxeTaSi Cavida. gzaSi tuCkovs lazarevis
fals aRar axsovs, vin miayena marcxena xelis mkvlelobis ambavi acnobes. kidev ramdenime
zurgze mesame Wriloba, radgan goneba dakar- saaTic da aslan orbelianma mcxeTaSi Caiyvana
ga. igi Tbilisis policmaisterma surgunovma mariam dedofali SvilebiTurT. Rirsebaay-
moasuliera, xolo aslan orbelianma sabanze ril dedofals, rogorc mkvlels, voroneJSi
daawvenina da gareT gaayvanina. sabanSi gax- gadasaxleba miusajes. cicianovma brZaneba
veuli daWrili dedofali did yuTSi moaT- gasca, rom mariam dedoflisaTvis dana ar
avses da yuTi rusma jariskacebma qalaqis miecaT sadilis drosac ki. cicianovma mcx-
gasasvlelisaken waiRes. veris xidTan daWril eTaSi erTi RamiT SeCerebul general tuCkovs
dedofalsa da mis gamcilebel razms somexi Tavisive polkidan erTi batalioni gamouyo.
eqimi TaTula wamoewia, romelmac dedofals rusebs cnoba hqondaT, rom mariam dedofal-
Wrilobebi Seuxvia. mariam dedofali 1803 ma gaqcevis mcdelobis win Tagauris xeobis
wlis 16 ivniss ruseTis imperiis sinodisadmi osebs 1.000 maneTi gaugzavna da misi ruseTSi
gagzavnil TxovnaSi aRniSnavda, rom general gadasaxlebis SemTxvevaSi gzis Caketva sTxova.
lazarevis mkvlelobis ambavi man veres xidTan 1803 wlis 4 maiss duSeTis mazris kapitan-is-
eqim TaTulasagan Seityo. rogorc Cans, ufro pravniki cicianovs moaxsenebda, rom aznaurma
sando mariam dedoflis versia unda iyos _ giorgi yazbegma mas aseTi ram uTxra: `Cvenma
dedofals ivan lazarevi ar mouklavs, gener- dedofalma Tqveni generali mokla, ori dRis
ali arc romelime batoniSvilis moklulia. Semdeg arc Sen iqnebi cocxali!~ miuxedavad
Tanamedroveebma, qarTvelebmac da rusebmac, amgvari ganwyobisa, giorgi yazbegs dedoflis
kargad icodnen, rom ivan lazarevi aznaurma gaTavisufleba ar ucdia.
124
vaxtang guruli
1802 wlis 20 aprils general-maiori ime Tavadi ruseTis imperatorTan Txovnis

sergei tuCkovi mcxeTidan gavida, duSeTi da gagzavnas apirebdnen. Txovnis Sinaarsi aseTi
ananuri gaiara, kavkasiis mTavari qedi gada- iyo: unda momxdariyo saqarTvelos uzenaesi
laxa da stefanwmindaSi Cavida, sadac erTi mTavrobis reorganizacia da axal mTavrobaSi
dRe Seisvenes. gamcilebelTa razms 30 kaza- unda Sesuliyo mxolod oTxi qarTveli Tava-
ki SeuerTda. kazakebma ambavi moitanes, rom di da erTi rusi moxele, romelic mTavrobis
darialis xeobaSi SeiZleba Casafrebas wasw- Tavmjdomarec iqneboda. cxadia, cicianovs
ydomodnen. meore dRes tuCkovma swrafi mar- Tavadebis Txovnis peterburgSi gagzavna xels
SiT iara, xolo mesame dRes, diliT, darialis ar aZlevda. man Tavadebis gasagonad ganacxa-
xeobaSi Sevida. tuCkovma razmi mzadyofnaSi da, rom imperatorisaTvis Txovnis gagzavna
moiyvana, xolo mebarabneebs sabrZolo mar- SesaZlebeli iqneboda mas Semdeg, rac gamgza-
Sis Sesruleba ubrZana. Casafrebuli osebi vnelebs eqnebodaT mTxovnelTa werilobiTi
aCqardnen da rusuli sabrZolo marSis gag- mindobiloba imis axsna-ganmartebiT, vin da
onebisTanave cecxli gaxsnes. tuCkovisaTvis ra mizniT agzavnida Txovnas. imavdroulad
cnobili gaxda, Tu saidan isrodnen. Tergze cicianovis brZanebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos
arsebul orive xidTan rusebi Zlier Casafre- uzenaesi mTavrobis aRmasrulebelma eqspedi-
bas waawydnen, Tumca Sejaxebis Semdeg maT gza ciam mosaxleobas amcno, rom erT Txovnaze
gaikvlies da imave dRes sofel balTas miaR- ramdenime kacis xelmowera dauSvebeli iyo.
wies. meore dRes dedofali mariami Svile- imperatorTan Txovnis gagzavnis garSe-
biTurT vladikavkazis simagreSi Caiyvanes, mo atexili miTqma-moTqma jer Camcxrali
sadac isini mozdokis komendantma protopop- ar iyo, rodesac darejan dedofalma pavel
ovma gadaibara. cicianovs Tbilisidan sofel muxranSi gaS-
voroneJSi Casvlis Semdeg mariam dedo- vebis nebarTva sTxova, sadac igi muxraneli
fali monasterSi gamoketes. rva wlis Semdeg bagrationebis mamulSi Tavis SviliSvilTan
mas ufleba misces, rom moskovSi gadasuliyo apirebda cxovrebas. wasvlis mizezad dedo-
sacxovreblad. falma Savi Wiris safrTxe daasaxela. cici-
anovma kargad icoda, rom Savi Wiri mxolod
mogonili mizezi iyo, magram dedofals
§3. darejan dedoflis gadasaxleba ruseTSi muxranSi wasvlis nebarTva mainc mica. Tavis
mariam dedoflis ruseTSi gdaasaxlebis dazRvevis mizniT saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
Semdeg pavel cicianovi darejan dedoflis dalma muxranSi ganlagebul narvis dragun-
saqarTveloSi droebiT datovebas dasTanx- Ta polkis eskadronis meTaurs, polkovnik
mda. amis mizezi dedoflis Seryeuli janmrT- umancevs ubrZana Tvalyuri edevnebina dare-
eloba iyo. miuxedavad avadmyofobisa, darejan dedoflisaTvis. Cavida Tu ara muxran-
jan dedofali ar wyvetda ruseTis xelisu- Si, darejan dedofalma qarTlis Tavadebis
flebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebas. mis garSe- gadabireba daiwyo. man Tavadebs amcno, rom
mo Tavs iyridnen rusuli mmarTvelobiT uk- male saqarTveloze gamoilaSqrebda iranis
mayofilo Tavadebi, maT Soris gamoirCeodnen Sahi, xolo lekTa xuTaskaciani razmi muxran-
Tavadi ioane orbeliani da misi siZe Tavadi Si SemoiWreboda da mas kavkasiis mTianeTSi
solomon TarxniSvili.
TarxniSvili. solomon TarxniSvili gaiyvanda. dedoflis davalebiT imave xmebs
cicianoviT ukmayofilo iyo imis gamo, rom am avrcelebdnen quTaisSi myofi misi vaJebi,
ukanasknelma Tavadi SamSadilus mouraobidan iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebi. cicianovs
gadaayena. igi arc malavda, rom saqarTvelos moaxsenes, rom Tavadi amirejibi SvilTan er-
mTavarsardlis dauZinebeli mteri iyo. sol- Tad darejan dedofals iulon da farnavaz
omon TarxniSvili sargeblobda Tavisi si- batoniSvilebTan akavSirebda. amirejibsa da
mamris avtoritetiT da rusuli mmarTvelo- misi Svilze meTvalyureoba dawesda, magram
bisadmi mtrulad ganwyobil Zalebs uyrida orivem gaqceva moaswro. darejan dedoflis
Tavs. cicianovi grZnobda, rom mis winaaRmdeg mier qarTlis Tavadebis mimxrobis mcdelo-
organizebuli Zala moqmedebda. male saqa- bam cicianovi daarwmuna imaSi, rom dedofa-
rTvelos mTavarsardlis eWvi dadasturda. li ruseTSi aucileblad unda gaesaxlebinaT.
cicianovs Seatyobines, rom ioane orbeli- Tavisi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
ani, solomon TarxniSvili da kidev ramden- mTavarsardali ukve Riad saubrobda. male
125
cicianovs acnobes, rom peterburgSi myofma tos werili aleqsandre batoniSvilTan azn-
mirian batoniSvilma saqarTvelodan sparsul aurma zaqaria jorjaZem waiRo. gzis fulad
enaze dawerili anonimi avtoris werili mi- mas 100 maneTi misces. mogvianebiT gairkva,
iRo. anonimi avtori mirian batoniSvils ac- rom zaqaria jorjaZes winaT iranidan ale-
nobebda, rom dedamisi, darejan dedofali qsandre da Teimuraz batoniSvilis werilebi
avad iyo da ruseTSi gamgzavreba ar SeeZlo. mohqonda darejan dedofalTan. amjeradac
werilis avtori mirian batoniSvils sTxovda aleqsandre batoniSvilma mas darejan dedo-
yoveli Rone exmara dedoflis saqarTveloSi falTan oTxi werili gamoatana. erTgul azn-
dasarCenad. werilis bolos, TiTqos sxvaTa aurs werilebis dedoflisaTvis gadacema ar
Soris, aRniSnuli iyo, rom cicianovis mxri- dascalda. isini rusebs CauvardaT xelSi.
dan devnis gamo batoniSvili Teimuraz gior- aleqsandre da Teimuraz batoniSvilebis wer-
gis Ze xuTas momxresTan erTad saqarTvelo- ilebis wakiTxvis Semdeg cicianovma darejan
dan iranSi gadaixvewa. dedoflis ruseTSi dauyonebliv gadasaxleba
iranSi myofi aleqsandre batoniSvili gadawyvita. 1803 wlis 10 seqtembers saqarT-
aseve cdilobda win aRdgomoda darejan velos mTavarsardalma darejan dedofals
dedoflis ruseTSi gadasaxlebas. batoniS- acnoba, rom 15 seqtembrisaTvis mdinare
vils kargad esmoda, rom Tu darejan dedo- Tergze xidebi aRdgenili iqneboda. ciciano-
fali samSoblos datovebda, qarTl-kaxeTSi vi dedofals sTxovda ruseTSi gamgzavrebis
mefobis aRdgenis idea samudamod dasamarde- konkretuli TariRi daesaxelebina. mogvi-
boda. 1803 wlis 1 ivliss aleqsandre batoniS- anebiT, 1803 wlis 5 oqtombers, cicianovi
vilma Tavrizidan werili gaugzavna ruseTis ruseTis imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa ministr viq-
imperator aleqsandr I-s da dedoflis saqa- tor koCubeis werda: àseTi simkacre CemTvi-
rTveloSi datoveba sTxova. 1803 wlis 10 sac da misTvisac (darejan dedoflisaTvis _
ivliss aleqsandre batoniSvilma ukve cici- v. g.) usiamovnoa, magram aucilebelia~. 1803
anovsac gaugzavna werili. batoniSvili saqa- wlis 11 seqtembers darejan dedofali cici-
rTvelos mTavarsardals werda, rom Tbilis- anovs muxranidan werda, rom avad iyo da sa-
Si dabrunebaze Tanaxma iyo, magram imitom ar wolidan adgoma ar SeeZlo. male saqarTvelos
brundeboda, rom ar icoda, ra bedi eweoda mTavarsardals Seatyobines, rom dedofali
mas. aleqsandre batoniSvili cicianovs brals ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze arc ki fiqrobda. am
sdebda imaSi, rom misTvis werilis gagzavna cnobis miRebis Semdeg, 1803 wlis 16 oqtomb-
piradad ar ikadra da werili Tavad erisTavs ers pavel cicianovma general-maior dimitri
daawerina. batoniSvili aRniSnavda, rom igi orbelians ubrZana muxranSi Casuliyo da
ruseTSi wasvlazec Tanaxma iyo, magram karl dedofali Zalis gamoyenebiT gaemgzavrebina
knorringis, viqtor koCubeisa da pavel ci- ruseTSi. dimitri orbeliani SiSobda, rom
cianovis saqcielma gadaafiqrebina. darejan dedoflis SviliSvilebi muxranba-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aleqsan- tonis sasaxlidan dedoflis gamoyvanas ar
dre batoniSvilTan urTierTobis mogvarebas daanebebdnen da winaaRmdegobas gauwevdnen.
jer kidev manamde cdilobda, vidre batoniS- amitom iyo, rom Tbilisidan muxranSi gaigzav-
vili ruseTis imperatorsa da piradad mas na egerTa me-17 polkis ori aseuli, romelsac
mimarTavda. 1803 wlis 31 agvistos ciciano- muxranbatonTa cixe-koSkisa da sasaxlisaTvis
vi aleqsandre batoniSvils swerda, rom Tu alya unda Semoertya. sasaxlis ezoSi pirveli
batoniSvili ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze Tanaxma Sevidnen egerTa da dragunTa polkebis um-
iqneboda, mas iq Sesaferi pativiT miiRebdnen. crosi oficrebi ufrosi oficris meTauro-
cicianovi aleqsandre batoniSvilis Tan- biT. oficrebi darwmundnen, rom sasaxleSi
mxleb Tavadebsa da aznaurebs hpirdeboda, SeiaraRebuli xalxi ar imyofeboda. dimitri
rom saqarTveloSi dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi orbeliani dedofals eaxla da urCia winaaR-
imperatoris winaSe uSuamdgomlebda, raTa mdegoba ar gaewia. generlisa da egerTa ori
es ukanasknelni Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis aseulis muxranSi Casvlam dedofali daar-
ar dasjiliyvnen. im Tavadebsa da aznaurebs, wmuna, rom brZolas azri aRar hqonda. 1803
romlebic iranSi darCebodnen, saqarTvelos wlis 25 oqtombers darejan dedofali ru-
mTavarsardali mamulebis CamorTmeviT seTSi gaemgzavra.
emuqreboda. cicianovis 1803 wlis 31 agvis- 1803 wlis 3 noembers pavel cicianovi
126
vaxtang guruli
ruseTis imperators moaxsenebda, rom dare- li. bavSvebs, romlebsac aranairi dawyebiTi
jan dedofalis ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg ganaTleba ar hqondaT miRebuli, erTdrou-
kidev ramdenime Tavadi imereTSi iulon da lad aswavlidnen rusul anbansa da gramati-
farnavaz batoniSvilebTan gaiqca. cicianovi kas, geometrias, geografias, istorias da sxva
varaudobda, rom gaqceul Tavadebs mimdevre- sagnebs. maswavleblebi ZiriTadad kancel-
bi gamouCndebodnen. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- ariis moxeleni iyvnen. moswavleTa dones Tu
dali ipmerators sTxovda am TavadebisaTvis gaviTvaliswinebT, maT mxolod rusuli an-
mamulebis CamorTmevis ufleba mieca. banisa da gramatikis Seswavla Tu SeeZloT.
danarCen sagnebs, gansakuTrebiT geometrias,
isini uazrod izepirebdnen. sul mcire xanSi
§4. pavel cicianovis ekonomikuri, socialuri saswavlebeli daixura. cicianovis TbilisSi
da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo politika Camosvlis droisaTvis saswavlebeli ukve
aRar arsebobda.
pavel cicianovma qarTl-kaxeTi umZimes
pirvel warumateblobas saqarTvelos
mdgomareobaSi Caibara. karl knorringisa da
mTavarsardali ar SeuSinda da seriozulad
piotr kovalenskis moRvaweobis Sedegad qvey-
mohkida xeli ganaTlebis saqmes. misi azriT,
anSi damkvidrda usamarTloba, Zalmomreoba,
skolaSi pirvel rigSi aznauris Svilebi unda
korufcia. rusuli mmarTveloba Segnebulad
miezidaT. pavel cicianovma ruseTis impe-
ugulelyofda qarTul tradiciebsa da adaT-
riis saxalxo ganaTlebis ministrs TbilisSi
wesebs, angariSs ar uwevda saukuneebis gan-
rusuli enis ori maswavleblisa da saxelmZ-
mavlobaSi Camoyalibebul qarTul erovnul
Rvaneloebis gamogzavna sTxova, xolo 1803
cnobierebas. yovelive amas Tan erTvoda
wlis 27 ivniss ruseTis imperators _ mos-
ekonomikuri siduxWire. cxadia, cicianovis
kovis universitetis pansionSi 8 qarTveli
mmarTvelobis xanmokle periodi (1802-1806
axalgazrdis gagzavna. peterburgidan ne-
ww.), rusuli mmarTvelobis uaryofiTi Sede-
barTvis miRebamde man TbilisSi saswavle-
gebis dasaZlevad srulebiT ar iyo sakmarisi.
blis dasaarseblad saqarTvelos uzenaesi
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali saqarTvelo-
mTavrobis Semosavlebidan Tanxa gamoyo. 1803
sa da saerTod samxreT kavkasiaSi sami miz-
wlis 8 agvistos peterburgSi saswavleblis
nis miRwevas cdilobda: 1. ruseTis imperiis
daarsebis idea moiwones da 1804 wlis 21 maiss
samflobeloebis gazrda; 2. mosaxleobis ra-
saswavlebeli gaixsna kidec. saswavlebeli im-
odenobis gazrda iranidan da osmaleTidan
Jamad erekle II-is mefobaSi agebul stambis
qristianuli aRmsareblobis xalxebis gadmo-
SenobaSi moTavsda. 1804 wels samegrelos sam-
saxlebiT; 3. mrewvelobis, vaWrobisa da gana-
TavroSi imyofeboda profesori ungreTidan
Tlebis ganviTareba.
samuil martini.
martini. cicianovma ucxoeli profe-
1. ganaTleba. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
sori Tbilisis saswavlebelSi laTinuri da
arsebobis ukanasknel xanebSi saganaTleblo
germanuli enebis maswavleblad moiwvia. 1805
sistema moiSala. saqarTveloSi Camosvlis
wlis 31 maiss samuil martini Tbilisis sas-
Semdeg pavel cicianovma SeamCnia, rom qa-
wavlebelSi moRvaweobas Seudga. imJamad sas-
rTvelebi rus eqimebs ar endobodnen. 1803
wavlebelSi mxolod 18 moswavle iricxeboda.
wlis 19 Tebervals saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
1805 wlis 28 noembers cicianovma ruseTis
dalma ruseTis imperators moskovis univer-
imperiis saxalxo ganaTlebis ministr piotr
sitetSi samedicino ganaTlebis misaRebad ga-
zavadovskis TbilisSi gimnaziis daarsebis
Raribebuli qarTveli aznaurebis Svilebisa
ufleba sTxova. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
da somexi erovnebis axalgazrdebis (sul 12
Txovnas imiT asabuTebda, rom qarTveli Ta-
axalgazrdis) gagzavnis nebarTva sTxova. 1803
vadebi da aznaurebi ruseTis gimnaziebsa da
wlis 14 aprils pavel cicianovma imperator-
universitetebSi Svilebis gagzavnis winaaRm-
ma dasturi miiRo.
degni iyvnen.
1802 wlis 22 seqtembers TbilisSi gaixsna
pavel cicianovi aucileblad Tvlida qa-
saswavlebeli.. swavlis msurveli 45 vaJi aR-
saswavlebeli
rTveli aznaurebis samxedro samsaxurisaTvis
moCnda. piotr kovalenskim piradad Seadgina
momzadebas. qarTvelebis samxedro samsaxuri-
saswavleblis wesdeba, romelic 26 punqtisa-
saTvis momzadebas ruseTis xelisufleba ci-
gan Sedgeboda. saswavleblis programa meTo-
cianovamdec uWerda mxars. ruseTis impera-
duri TvalsazrisiT sworad ar iyo Sedgeni-
127
torma pavel I-ma TbilisSi general-maior ivan gadawyvetileba ZalaSi 1803 wlis bolomde
lazarevis polkis Semosvlis Semdeg brZana, ver Sevidoda. aleqsandr I-is 1804 wlis 4 mar-
rom polkSi iunkerebad da praporSCikebad qa- tis brZanebiT Sida baJi gauqmda, xolo axlad
rTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis ojaxebidan Seqmnili oTxi sabaJodan miRebuli Semosava-
aTi axalgazrda CaericxaT. am RonisZiebam sali saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis Semosav-
surveli Sedegi ver gamoiRo, radgan qarTve- lebs miemateboda.
lebs jarSi samsaxuri arcTu ise mowondaT. 3. mrewvelobis ganviTareba.
ganviTareba. XIX saukunis
Secdoma dauSva lazarevmac, roca polkSi damdegisaTvis saqarTveloSi fabrikebi da
iunkrebad da praporSCikebad cnobili sagva- qarxnebi ar arsebobda, samrewvelo produq-
reuloebis warmomadgenlebi ar Caricxa. ti ucxoeTidan SemohqondaT. saqarTveloSi
miuxedavad warumatebeli mcdelobisa, cicia- ganlagebuli ruseTis jari sxvadasxva saxis
novi polkSi iunkerebad da praporSCikebad iseT saqonels iTxovda, romelic saqarT-
qarTvelebis Caricxvas mainc uWerda mxars im veloSi ar mzaddeboda, xolo kavkasiis xazi-
pirobiT, rom Casaricxi kandidatebi cnobili dan am saqonlis Semotana Zalze Zviri jde-
sagvareuloebis ojaxebidan unda SeerCiaT. boda da xSirad gviandeboda kidec. pavel
1804 wlis 25 aprils cicianovi ruseTis im- cicianovma gadawyvita TbilisSi maudisa da
perators moaxsenebda, rom man Tavadi ami- tyavis fabrikebis daarseba. fabrikebSi dasa-
laxvari da Tavadi ciciSvili aiZula Svilebi dgmeli dazgebi TbilisSi unda daemzade-
samxedro samsaxurSi SeeyvanaT. ruseTis im- binaT, mxolod zogierTi nawili ruseTidan
peratoris 1805 wlis 31 maiss brZanebiT, qa- unda SemoetanaT. pirvel xanebSi fabrikebSi
rTvel Tavadebsa da aznaurebs Svilebis ru- ruseTidan Camoyvanil ostatebs unda emuSa-
seTis kadetTa korpusSi Caricxvis ufleba vaT, romlebic qarTvelebs xelobas Seaswav-
miecaT. lidnen. saqarTveloSi cxvris matyli Zalze
2. sabaJo da sagadasaxado politika. sa- iafi Rirda, ris gamoc cxvris matylidan
baJo da sagadasaxado saqmis Seswavlis Semdeg maudis damzadeba iafi dajdeboda da jaris
pavel cicianovi im daskvnamde mivida, rom tansacmliT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxic gadai-
aucilebeli iyo gzabze sabaJo da sakarantino Wreboda. cicianovis azriT tyavis fabrikis
saguSagoebis daweseba. es exeboda Savi zRvis daarseba maudis fabrikis daarsebaze kidev
sanapirodan da iranidan Tbilisisaken momaval ufro advili iqneboda, radgan saqarTvelo-
gzebs. ruseTis imperiis senatis 1803 wlis 23 Si mecxoveleoba kargad iyo ganviTarebuli
oqtombris brZanebis Tanaxmad, pirvel xanebSi da amdenad nedleulic iafi iqneboda. saqa-
oTxi sabaJo unda Seqmniliyo: suramSi (imere- rTvelos mTavarsardlis ganzraxva TbilisSi
Tis samefos sazRvarze); walkaSi (axalqalaqi- maudisa da tyavis fabrikebis daarsebis Ses-
dan da axalcixidan momaval gzaze); bambakSi
bambakSi,, axeb ver ganxorcielda da gaurkveveli vadiT
sofel karakilisSi (yarsidan da erevnidan gadaido.
momaval gzaze); SamSadiluSi (ganjidan moma- 4. gzebis mSenebloba. pavel cicianovi
val gzaze). ruseTidan saqarTveloSi momaval did mniSvnelobas aniWebda Crdilo kavkasi-
gzaze mozdokis sabaJo da sakarantino saguS- idan (kavkasiis xazidan) saqarTveloSi mo-
ago gauqmda, radgan es saguSago ukve ruseTis mavali gzis wesrigSi moyvanasa da misi us-
sazRvarze aRar mdebareobda da rogorc qvey- afrTxoebis dacvas. gzis keTilmowyoba
nis SigniT arsebuli, mTielebis saqarTvelo- gaaiafebda tvirTis gadazidvis Rirebule-
sTan vaWrobas aferxebda. samagierod sabaJo bas, xolo gzis usafrTxoebis dacva gazr-
da sakarantino saguSago dawesda anapidan dida vaWrebis dainteresebas. yovelive es
CrdiloeT kavkasiis xazisaken mimaval gzaze, kargad esmodaT peterburgSic, magram finan-
proCno-okofskis simagreSi. sabJoebis dawesebis ukmarisobis gamo pavel cicianovs gze-
seba aucilebels xdida saqarTvelos SigniT bis keTilmowyobisaTvis Tanxa ar gamouyves.
saqonlis gadatanisaTvis dawesebuli baJis mozdoki-Tbilisis gzis keTilmowyoba 1805
gauqmebas. Sida baJidan miRebuli Semosavali, wlamde gadaido. cicianovi saqarTvelos
mxolod 45.019 maneTs udrida. amave dros, uzenaesi mTavrobis Semosavlebis imedad dar-
Sida baJi xels uSlida vaWrobis ganviTare- Ca. erTaderTi, rac saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
bas. Sida baJis gauqmeba gadawyvetili iyo, dals SeeZlo, iyo gzis usafrTxoebis dacva
magram garkveuli obieqturi mizezebis gamo rogorc stiqiisagan, ise mZarcvelebisagan.
128
vaxtang guruli
qaravnebis stiqiisagan dacvis mizniT kavka- medikamentebis Setana Zalze ferxdeboda. pav-
siis mTebze gadmomaval gzaze cicianovis br- el cicianovma gadawyvita TbilisSi daearse-
ZanebiT moZraoba weliwadSi mxolod orjer bina botanikuri baRi, romelSic gamoiyvand-
iyo nebadarTuli: 1 maisidan 15 maisamde da nen samxreTis qveynebSi arsebul samkurnalo
15 seqtembridan 1 oqtombramde. jars cicia- mcenareebs. aleqsandr I-ma TbilisSi botani-
novi marto gzis usafrTxoebis dasacavad ar kuri baRisa da saxazino afTiaqis daarsebi-
iyenebda, jari da adgilobrivi mosaxleoba saTvis 10.000 vercxlis maneTi gamoyo. botan-
drodadro gzis calkeuli monakveTisa da da- ikuri baRi wavkisis xevSi dedofal mariamis
zianebuli xidebis aRdgenaze muSaobda. cici- kuTvnil miwaze unda gaSenebuliyo. ciciano-
anovma Tagauris xeobis os mamasaxlis mehmed vis brZanebiT daarsda saqarTvelos `saeqimo
dudarovs sofeli larsi daaTmobina. larsis mmarTveloba~.
sanacvlod mamasaxlisma kavkasiis xazze Tavi- 6. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis kuTvnili
sianebis dasasaxleblad miwa da 350 maneTis qonebis bedi. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gau-
odenobis wliuri pensia iTxova. mehmed duda- qmebis Semdeg gaurkveveli rCeboda samefo
rovis pirobebis Sesaxeb cicianovma 1804 wlis saxlis wevrTa kuTvnili qonebis bedi. es
20 ianvars imperators moaxsena. aleqsandr sakiTxi Zalze mwvaved daisva pavel ciciano-
I larsis xelSi CagdebiT iseTi gaxarebuli vis mmarTvelobis wlebSi. aleqsandr I-is 1804
iyo, rom pirobas daeTanxma da mehmed dud- wlis 23 seqtembris brZanebiT, samefo saxlis
arovs kapitnis Cinic uboZa. imavdroulad wevrTa kuTvnili mamulebi ruseTis xazinis
imperatorma pavel cicianovs daavala Seed- sakuTrebad gamocxadda, xolom am mamulebi-
gina samxreT kavkasiis gzebis ruka,
ruka, romelzec dan miRebuli Semosavali saqarTvelos uzen-
unda aRniSnuliyo gzebi, romlebic aRdgenas aesi mTavrobis Semosavals unda mimateboda.
eqvemdebareboda da gzebi, romelTa xelaxla es brZaneba Seexo qarTl-kaxeTis samefodan
gayvana iyo saWiro. imperatoris brZanebis gaqceul erekle II-is Svilebsa da SviliSvi-
miRebisTanave, cicianovi samxreT kavkasiis lebs. im batoniSvilebs (qalebs), romelTa
gzebis gegmis damuSavebas Seudga. pirvel meuRleebi gaiqcnen, daeniSnaT yovelwliuri
rigSi, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali Tbili- pensia 1.200 maneTis odenobiT. sul wliurad
sidan ganjamde gzis gayvanas fiqrobda. man ruseTis imperiis xazina batoniSvilebis pen-
imperators saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis siisaTvis xarjavda 59.0654 maneTs. ruseTis
Semosavlebidan xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gze- imperiis saxelmwifo sabWom umjobesad CaTva-
bis mSeneblobisaTvis yovelwliurad 6.000 mala, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebisaT-
neTis daxarjvis ufleba sTxova. samegrelos vis ruseTSi mamulebi SeeZina, ris Semdegac
samTavrosa da imereTis samefos ruseTis im- maTTvis pensiis micema Sewydeboda. 1804 wlis
periis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg pavel 22 agvistos saxelmwifo sabWom gadawyvita: 1.
cicianovma Savi zRvis sanapirodan, (mdinare batoniSvil daviT giorgis ZisaTvis SeZenil
xobis SesarTavidan) quTaisamde da quTaisi- iqnas mamuli 2000 glexiT; 2. batoniSvilebis
batoniSvilebis::
dan suramamde samxedro gzis mSenebloba, vaxtang erekles Zis, mirian erekles Zis, io-
aseve mdinare rionis sanaosno gzis amoq- ane giorgis Zisa da bagrat giorgis ZisaTvis _
medeba gadawyvita. rionis sanaosno gzis amo- mamuli 1.000-1.000 glexiT; 3. giorgi XII-isa
qmedebas xels uSlida is, rom foTi osmaleTs da mariam dedoflis eqvsi Svilidan ufro-
ekuTvnoda. pavel cicianovma es sakiTxi Sem- sis, mixeilisaTvis _ mamuli 1.000 glexiT,
degnairad gadaWra: rionidan mdinare civamde xolo danarCeni xuTi SvilisaTvis _ mamulebi
arxi unda gaeyvanaT, civi mdinare xobSi Cae- 600-600 glexiT; 4. dedofal darejans
darejans,, ro-
dineboda, xolo xobi _ Sav zRvaSi
zRvaSi.. xobis Sav melic iRebda yovelwliur pensias 27.375 ma-
zRvaSi Cadinebis adgilas rusebi navmisadgo- neTis odenobiT, daeniSnos pensia 30.000 ma-
mis agebas apirebdnen (momavali redut-kale _ neTi; dedofal mariamis pensia darCes igive
yulevi). 1805 wlis agvistoSi redut-kaleSi _ 13.790 maneTi; 5. saqarTveloSi mcxovreb
yirimidan mariliT datvirTuli pirveli gemi vaxtang, daviT, ioane da Teimuraz batoniS-
movida. vilebis meuRleebs daeniSnoT wliuri pensia
5. samedicino momsaxurebis gaumjobe- 1.200 maneTi TiToeuls; 6. qveynidan gaqceuli
sebis mcdeloba. ruseTis jarisa da rusi mox- batoniSvilebis kuTvnili mamulebis sakiTxi
eleebisaTvis kavkasiis xazidan samkurnalo sabolood gadawydes maTi dabrunebis Sem-
129
deg; 7. qveynidan gaqceuli batoniSvilebis misi Semcvleli beWeddasmuli qaRaldis SeZe-

mamulebi maT dabrunebamde gadavides xazinis na ufaso unda gamxdariyo.
gankargulebaSi da miRebuli Semosavali dae- 1805 wlis 13 maiss pavel cicianovis mier
matos saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis Semo- wardgenili saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis
savlebs. aleqsandr I-ma daamtkica saxelmwifo gardaqmnis proeqti damtkicda. ufro adre
sabWos 1804 wlis 8 agvistos dadgenileba da cicianovma miaRwia imas, rom aleqsandr I-is
1804 wlis 23 seqtembers Sesabamisi brZaneba 1803 wlis 31 martis brZanebiT, saqarTveloSi
gaegzavna pavel cicianovs. gasamarTlebuli damnaSave sasjels cimbiris
7. rusuli mmarTvelobis mowesrigebis nacvlad saqarTvelos samTamadno mrewvelo-
mcdeloba. pavel cicianovma jer kidev bis maRaroebSi moixdida.
TbilisSi Camosvlamde kargad icoda im se- sasamarTloebSi bevri borotmoqmedebis
riozuli naklovanebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Cadena SesaZlebeli xdeboda imis gamo, rom
TbilisSi rusuli mmarTvelobis daarsebis mTxovnelma da momCivanma rusuli ena da ru-
dRidan sul ufro da ufro cxadi xdeboda. suli kanonebi ar icoda. am borotebis winaaR-
rusuli mmarTvelobis am formiT funqcioni- mdeg cicianovma veraferi gaawyo. aleqsandr
reba 1803 wlisaTvis ukve seriozul safrTxes I-is 1805 wlis 28 ianvris brZaneba sasamarTlo
uqmnida ruseTis saxelmwifo interesebs. mo- warmoebas ucvlelad, rusul enaze, tovebda.
saxleobis gansakuTrebiT did ukmayofilebas pavel cicianovi cdilobda saqarTvelo-
iwvevda rusuli kanonmdebloba da sasamarT- Si mcodne da patiosani samoqalaqo moxelee-
lo sistema.
sistema. samazro mmarTvelobebsa da saqa- bis mozidvas. es arcTu ise advili aRmoCnda.
rTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis eqspediciebSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis azriT, saqarT-
saqmis ganxilva warmoudgenlad Wianurdebo- veloSi Camosuli moxeleebisaTvis xelsayre-
da. momCivansa da mTxovnels sabolood saqa- li pirobebi unda SeeTavazebinaT: 1. Tanam-
rTvelos mTavarsardalTan uxdebodaT simar- debobaze daniSvnisTanave unda mieniWebinaT
Tlis Zieba. cicianovma imperators warudgi- morigi wodeba; 2. morigi wodebis miniWebis
na rusuli mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis proeqti, Semdeg moxeles saqarTveloSi erTi weli
romelic iTvaliswinebda cvlilebebs rogorc mainc unda emsaxura; 3. Tu morigi wodebis
saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobaSi, ise mazris miniWebis Semdeg moxele erT welze adre da-
mmarTvelobaSi. proeqtis mixedviT, mazris tovebda Tanamdebobas, mas miniWebuli wodeba
marTva-gamgeobis saTaveSi unda yofiliyo CamoerTmeoda.; 4. Tu moxele oTxi weli im-
okrugis ufrosi.
ufrosi. mazris yvela Tanamdebobis saxurebda da Semdeg gadadgomas moindomeb-
piri okrugis ufross unda daqvemdebareboda da, mas dauyovneblad unda miniWeboda morigi
da misi yvela brZaneba usityvod Seesrule- wodeba; 5. Tu moxele oTxi weli imsaxurebda
bina. Tu mazraSi Tanamdebobis romelime piri da kvlav gamoTqvamda samsaxuris gagrZelebis
okrugis ufrosis brZanebas ar Seasrulebda, survils, sapensio asakamde darCenili dro
am ukanasknels ufleba hqonda saqarTvelos gaunaxevrdeboda da pensiaze yvela uflebis
uzenaes mTavrobis an uSualod saqarTvelos SenarCunebiT gavidoda.
mTavarsardlisTvis misi Tanamdebobidan saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobaSi Sem-
gadayeneba eTxova. okrugis ufross unda dgomi cvlilebebis gatarebis Sesaxeb pavel
daqvemdebareboda qalaqebis komendantebi
komendantebi.. cicianovma 1805 wlis 28 Tebervals moaxse-
okrugis ufrosis gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre- na imperators. moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom
ba saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobasa da saqa- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma Tanamdebobaze
rTvelos mTavarsardalTan SeiZleboda. saqa- daniSvnisas iTxova samoqalaqo da samxedro
rTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis sisxlis samar- xelisuflebis gaerTianeba, magram Semdeg
Tlisa da samoqalaqo saqmeTa eqspediciebi darwmunda, rom es gamarTlebuli ar iyo. ci-
unda gaerTianebuliyo sasamarTlo da aRmas- cianovi werda, rom qarTvelebi kanons ki ar
rulebel eqspediciad
eqspediciad.. yazaxis, SamSadilusa emorCilebian, aramed _ xelisufals.
xelisufals. es ki,
da borCalos mouravebisaTvis TanaSemweebis saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis azriT, samo-
nacvlad unda daeniSnaT erTi mTargmneli. qalaqo da samxedro saqmeebis gayofasa da
rusulis armcodneT ufleba unda hqonodaT saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelis
saCivari da Txovna dadgenili formis mixed- Tanamdebobis SemoRebas moiTxovda.
viT mSobliur enaze waredginaT. gerbiani an pavel cicianovma, miuxedavad didi mcd-
130
vaxtang guruli
elobisa, saqarTveloSi ganaTlebuli da pa- mebdnen, yarabaRze gamavali SemovliTi gziT

tiosani moxeleebis sakmarisi raodenobiT unda esargeblaT. Tu guliakovs lekebTan Se-
Camoyvana ver moaxerxa. qarTl-kaxeTis xuT brZoleba mouxdeboda da maT damarcxebas Se-
mazraSi mas xuTi okrugis ufrosi unda dae- Zlebda, lekTa mamasaxlisebisaTvis aleqsan-
niSna, Tumca okrugis ufrosi saqarTvelos dre batoniSvilis gadacema unda moeTxova.
mTavarsardalma mxolod goris mazraSi dan- 1803 wlis 21 Tebervals cicianovi guliakovs
iSna. danarCen mazrebSi okrugis ufrosebi werda, rom lekebis damarcxebis Semdeg Warsa
ar dainiSnen imis gamo, rom cicianovma pe- da belaqanSi rusuli garnizonebi unda Caey-
terburgidan gamogzavnili kandidatebi enebina.
uRirsebad miiCnia. 1803 wlis 2 marts general-maiori vasili
guliakovi qveiTi jaris 3 batalioniTa (1.482
oficeri da jariskaci) da kazakTa 2 aseuliT
§5. general vasili guliakovis samxedro eqs- siRnaRidan Warisaken daiZra. rusebis mTavari
pediciebi War-belaqanSi (1803-1084 ww.) SeiaraReba iyo 8 savele qvemexi. ruseTis jar-
Tan erTad Warisaken daiZra qiziyis laSqari
1. pirveli samxedro eqspedicia (1803
(4.500 mebrZoli). sul 1803 wlis 2 martisaT-
w). qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis
vis general guliakovis gankargulebaSi iyo:
damyarebis Semdeg (1802 wlis april-maisi) le-
1.482 rusi qveiTi, 210 kazaki, 113 arasamwyo-
kTa TareSi ar Sewyvetila. 1803 wlis ianvar-
bro momzadebis rigiTi, 500 qarTveli cxeno-
Si lekTa axal Tavdasxmebs elodnen. Semdeg
sani, 4.000 qarTveli qveiTi, 8 savele zarba-
gairkva, rom lekebis Tavdasxma daRestnidan
zani. polkebisa da batalionebis mixedviT
axali Zalebis mosvlamde, 1803 wlis gazafx-
guliakovis sardlobiT Warisaken daZruli
ulamde, gadaido. vidre lekebi emzadebodnen,
jaris Semadgenloba aseT suraTs iZleoda:
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali pavel cicianovi
1. yabardos muSketerTa polkis 2 batalioni
cdilobda imis garkvevas, Tu rodis da ra
(Stabis oficeri 4, ufrosi oficeri 27, um-
mimarTulebiT daiwyebdnen lekebi Setevas.
crosi oficeri 57, rigiTi 798, arasamwyobro
cnobebi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego iyo. siR-
momzadebis rigiTi 36); 2. Tbilisis muSket-
naRis mazris kapitan-ispravnikma cicianovs
erTa polkis grenaderTa batalioni (gener-
acnoba, rom Wareli lekebis mamasaxlisebi
ali 1, Stabis oficeri 1, ufrosi oficeri
ruseTis mimarT keTilganwyobilebas iCendnen
12, umcrosi oficeri 20, rigiTi 333); 3. me-9
da mzad iyvnen aleqsandre batoniSvilic ki
saartilerio batalioni (Stabis oficeri 1,
gadaecaT rusebisaTvis. sawinaaRmdegos amt-
ufrosi oficeri 1, feierverkis momwyobni 11,
kicebda siRnaRSi ganlagebuli batalionis
rigiTi 17, gotlangeri 25; 4. donis kazakTa
meTauri podpolkovniki karl soleniusi
soleniusi,, ro-
polki (Stabis oficeri 7, ufrosi oficeri
melic miiCnevda, rom Wareli lekebi kaxeTze
4, uriadniki 4, rigiTi 179). pavel cicianovi
TavdasxmisaTvis emzadebodnen. kaxeTSi myofi
vasili guliakovs afrTxilebda, rom qarTul
general-maiorma vasili guliakovma orgzis,
jarSi saTanado disciplina ar iqneboda, rac
1803 wlis 16 da 17 Tebervals, moaxsena ci-
laSqrobisa da brZolis dros aucileblad
cianovs, rom kaxeTSi gavrcelda aleqsandre
unda gaeTvaliswinebina.
batoniSvilis mowodebebi. batoniSvili mo-
siRnaRidan Warisaken daZrul rusTa da
saxleobas lekTa Tanadgomisaken mouwodeb-
qarTvelTa jars cudi amindi daeswro, sami
da. generlis moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom
dRe gadauReblad wvimda, drodadro Tovda
kaxeTidan bevri Tavadi da aznauri belaqanSi
kidec. 1803 wlis 4 marts jari alaznis mar-
myof aleqsandre batoniSvilTan gaiqca. le-
jvena napiras, urdos fonidan sami versis
kTa gegmebis amocnobis mizniT saqarTvelos
moSorebiT, dabanakda. vasili guliakovma
mTavarsardalma general guliakovs ubrZana
polkovniki maqsim drevniakini kazakebisa da
jariT alaznisaken daZruliyo da urdos fon-
qarTvel cxenosan razmTan erTad urdos
Tan redutis (simagris) asagebad adgili Seer-
fonis mimarTulebiT dazvervaze gagzavna.
Cia. redutis agebis SemTxvevaSi lekebi alaz-
aRmoCnda, rom lekebi brZolisaTvis kargad
nis fonze Tavisuflad veRar gadmovidodnen.
iyvnen momzadebulni. maT saTofurebiani mi-
Tu alazanze lekTa gadmosvla aRikveTeboda,
wuris agebac ki moeswroT. lekebma Zlieri
maSin maT axalcixisaken gza aRar eqnebodaT
cecxli gaxsnes. guliakovi yabardos muS-
da Tu axalcixeSi Casvlas mainc moindo-
131
keterTa polkis erTi batalioniT, qarTveli devnisas, romelic 2 saaTze met xans gagrZel-
cxenosnebiT, qveiTebiTa da sami zarbazaniT da, rusebma da qarTvelebma moklulTa saxiT
urdos fons miuaxlovda da lekTa poziciebs 7 da daWrilTa saxiT 33 mebrZoli dakarges,
zarbaznebidan cecxli gauxsna. yumbarebma lekebma _ 500. daatyveves aleqsandre ba-
lekTa miwuri daangria da lekebic iZuleb- toniSvilis TanamebrZoli 2 qarTveli Tavadi
uli gaxdnen ukan daexiaT. 1804 wlis 4 marts da 136 leki (44 mamakaci, 92 qali). sofeli be-
urdos fonTan brZolaSi daiRupa 1 qarTveli, laqani rusTa da qarTvelTa jarma daikava.
daiWra 5 qarTveli da 6 rusi. ver aiRes mxolod qvisagan nagebi da qvisave
xangrZlivi wvimebis gamo alazani mo- galavniT garSemortymuli ramdenime saxli.
didebuli iyo, amitom rusTa da qarTvelTa pavel cicianovma, rogorc zemoT
jarma urdos foniT ver isargebla da mdi- aRvniSneT, vasili guliakovs ubrZana lekebis
naris marcxena napirze ver gadavida. gener- damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi Warsa da belaqa-
alma guliakovma alazanze sxva gadasasvle- nSi rusuli garnizonebi Caeyenebina. gamar-
lis moZebna gadawyvita da banakSi dabrunda. jvebis Semdeg saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
generals qarTvelma Tavadebma urCies, rom moTxovnebi daamZima. 1803 wlis 12 marts man
mdinare alazanze sofel anagasTan SeiZlebo- vasili guliakovs ubrZana, rom lekebisaT-
da gadasvla. 1804 wlis 9 marts gamTeniisas, vis aseTi pirobebi waeyenebina: 1. Warisa da
guliakovi belaqnisaken daiZra. win mimaval- belaqnis lekTa Tavisufali Temebis mamasax-
ma polkovnik drevniakinis mzveravTa razmma lisebi ruseTis imperatoris qveSevrdomo-
tyeSi lekebis mier agebuli simagreebi SeniS- baze unda daeficebinaT; 2. ruseTis imperiis
na, romelic 200-300 metris sigrZisa iqne- qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg ucvlelad
boda. amasTan erTad simagreebi flangebidan darCeboda Warisa da belaqnis lekTa Tavisu-
daculi iyo WaobiTa da lelianiT. gamagre- fali Temebis Sinauri mmarTveloba; 3. War-
buli xazis ukan lekTa laSqari, daaxloebiT isa da belaqnis mosaxleobas unda gadaexada
1.000 mebrZoli, idga. lekTa laSqarSi imyofe- xarki iseve, rogorc winaT uxdidnen qarTvel
bodnen batoniSvilebi aleqsandre erekles mefeebs; 4. lekebs aleqsandre batoniSvili
Ze da Teimuraz giorgis Ze.
Ze. lekTa simagrisa ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis unda gadaecaT.
da adgilmdebareobis daTvalierebis Semdeg lekebis mokavSire nuxis xanma mehmed
vasili guliakovma simagridan moSorebiT le- hasanma,, rogorc ki ruseTis jaris mier sofel
hasanma
kTa laSqris gamosvlis aRkveTis mizniT qa- belaqnis dakavebis ambavi Seityo, cicianovs
rTveli cxenosnebi datova. jaris nawils gen- werili miswera da War-belaqnis ruseTis im-
eralma lekebis flangebis Semovla ubrZana, periis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Taobaze
ZiriTadi Zalebi ki SetevisaTvis moamzada. molaparakebebisas Suamavlis roli ikisra.
rusTa da qarTvelTa Setevas lekebma Zl- male Warelebma da belaqnelebma general gu-
ieri cecxliT upasuxes, magram xelCarTuli liakovs acnobes, rom ruseTis imperiis qve-
brZolis Semdeg iZulebuli gaxdnen simagre SevrdomobaSi Sesvlaze Tanaxmani iyvnen. 1803
mietovebinaT. rusTa da qarTvelTa jarma le- wlis 21 marts Warelebisa da belaqnelebis-
kebs sofel belaqnamde misdia. gan miRebuli Tanxmobis Sesaxeb guliakovma
sofeli belaqani kargad iyo gamagre- saqarTvelos mTavarsardals moaxsena. imis
buli, faqtobrivad, cixe-simagres warmoad- sanacvlod, rom War-belaqnis lekTa Tavi-
genda. qvis galavniT garSemortymuli yoveli sufali Temebis Sinaur mmarTvelobaSi ar
saxli damoukidebeli simagre iyo. kazakebi da Caereoda cicianovi moiTxovda, rom lekebs
qarTveli cxenosnebi ise swrafad daedevnen aleqsandre batoniSvilisaTvis Warsa da be-
lekebs, rom belaqanSi gamagrebis saSualeba laqanSi TavSesafari ar miecaT. lekebisaTvis
ar misces. lekebi iZulebuli gaxdnen gafan- miuRebeli aRmoCnda Warsa da belaqanSi ru-
tuliyvnen. generalma guliakovma yabardos suli garnizonebis Cayeneba da xarkis gadax-
muSketerTa polkis batalioni maior aleqsee- da. nuxis xanis daxmarebis imedad Warelma le-
vis meTaurobiT sofel belaqnidan marjvniv kebma rusuli garnizonis Cayenebasa da xarkis
mdebare xeobaSi Segzavna, raTa lekebisaTvis gadaxdaze uari ganacxades. vasili guliakovi
ukan dasaxevi gza moeWra. maiorma aleqseevma Warisaken daiZra. gazafxulis wvimebis gamo
lekebs TovliT dafarul mTebamde misdia. gzebi gauvali gaxda, iwureboda sursaTis
mowinaaRmdegis simagris aRebisas da Semdeg maragic. 1803 wlis 24 marts guliakovi cici-
132
vaxtang guruli
anovs moaxsenebda, rom WarSi Sesvla droebiT agoze _ 2 aseuli. alaznis marcxena napirze
gadado da alazanze urdos fonTan redutis datovebul iqna Tbilisis muSketerTa polkis
agebas Seudga. 1803 wlis 25 marts cicianovma 1 batalioni.
Warze laSqroba aucileblad miiCnia, Tumca War-belaqanze laSqrobas, alazanze
Seqmnil viTarebaSi zedmeti msxverplis Tavi- redutis mSeneblobas, dedofliswyarosTan
dan acilebis mizniT sabrZolo moqmedebebis da yaraRajTan ruseTis saguSagoebis mowyo-
droebiT SeCerebas daeTanxma. imavdroulad bas didi mniSvneloba hqonda kaxeTsa da qa-
mTavarsardalma general guliakovis jari- rTlSi lekTa TareSis aRkveTisaTvis. lekebi,
saTvis sursaTis maragis Sevseba ubrZana. miuxedavad damarcxebisa da ruseTis qveSevr-
general-maiorma vasili guliakovma domobaSi Sesvlisa, garkveuli periodis gan-
polkovnik maqsim drevniakins alazanze ur- mavlobaSi kvlav agrZelebdnen saqarTveloSi
dos fonTan gadasasvlelis momzadeba ubr- SemoWras, soflebis dawiokebasa da adamianebis
Zana da Warze salaSqrod daiZra. 1803 wlis 27 gatacebas..
gatacebas
marts rusebi sofel katexs miuaxlovdnen da 2. meore samxedro eqspedicia (1804 w.). gen-
lekebTan mcire Setakebis Semdeg sofeli dai- eral-maior vasili guliakovis sardlobiT
kaves. nuxis xani mehmed hasani Tavisi laSqri- War-belaqanSi 1803 wels ganxorcielebuli
Ta da 2 zarbazniT Warelebis dasaxmareblad warmatebuli samxedro eqspediciis miuxe-
iyo mosuli, magram rogorc ki ruseTis jaris davad, lekebi ar damSvidebulan. 1803 wlis
mier sofel katexis dakavebis ambavi Seityo, 30 dekembers guliakovma qiziyelebisagan
ukan gabrunda. nuxelebma ukan daxevisas Waris Seityo, rom yaziyumuxis xani surhai 6.000 me-
soflebi gaZarcves. sabolood nuxis xanisa- brZoliT aleqsandres redutidan 40 versis
gan mitovebulma Warelebma damorCileba moSorebiT alaznis marjvena napirze gadmov-
gadawyvites da guliakovs eaxlnen. 1803 wlis ida. 31 dekembers guliakovi yabardos muS-
29 marts rusebma sofeli Wari daikaves. imave keterTa polkis 10 aseuliT, Tbilisis gre-
dRes generals Waris mamasaxlisebi eaxlnen naderTa polkis 1 batalioniT, egerTa me-15
da Waris lekTa Tavisufali Temebis ruseTis polkis 2 aseuliT, donis kazakTa razmiTa da
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla iTxoves. 5 zarbazniT surhai xans daedevna. male mz-
vasili guliakovi sofel WarSi 1803 wlis 31 veravTa razmma generals acnoba, rom surhai
martamde darCa da Semdeg alazanze, urdos xani alaznis marjvena napirze banakad idga.
fonTan dabrunda, sadac redutis mSenebloba erTi mxridan banaks alazani icavda, xolo
mimdinareobda. meore mxridan ki xSiri tye. guliakovma 1804
1803 wlis 12 aprils TbilisSi vasili gu- wlis 3 ianvars yabardos muSketerTa polkis
liakovma pavel cicianovs warudgina lekTa 240 msroleli, Tbilisis gerenaderTa pol-
Tavisufali Temebis deputacia 9 kacis Semad- kis 80 qveiTi, grenaderTa me-15 polkis 1
genlobiT. xelmowerili iqna War-belaqnis aseuli da kazakTa razmi podpolkovnik eri-
ruseTis imperiis samudamo qveSevrdomobaSi sTavis meTaurobiT mowinaaRmdegis banakze
Sesvlis pirobebi. qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis TavdasxmisaTvis gagzavna. surhai xanis banaki-
Semdeg lekebs unda gadaexadaT xarki _ 220 dan rusebs Zlieri cecxli gauxsnes. pod-
fuTi abreSumi yovelwliurad. polkovnikma erisTavma xelCarTuli brZoliT
pavel cicianovma kargad icoda, rom le- samjer scada banakSi SeWra. qveiTebis Setevas
kebis mier qveSevrdomobis Taobaze xelSek- mxars uWerda zarbaznebis kargad organizeb-
rulebis dadeba arafers niSnavda, Tu War- uli cecxli. surhai xani rusebis yvela Sete-
belaqanSi ruseTi seriozulad ar moikideb- vis dros ukan ixevda, magram ukandaxevis Sem-
da fexs. swored am mizniT alazanze urdos deg axal Tavdacvis zRudes awyobda. xelCar-
fonTan erTi batalionisaTvis simagre aSen- Tul brZolaSi rusma qveiTebma imZlavres da
da, romelsac àleqsandres
àleqsandres reduti~
reduti~ ewoda. surhai xanis laSqari alaznis marcxena napir-
redutis dacva kavkasiis grenaderTa polkis ze gadarekes. dasrulda Tu ara mowinaaRmde-
batalions evaleboda. garda amisa, cicia- gis alaznis marcxena napirze gandevna, pod-
novis brZanebiT ruseTis jaris saguSagoebi polkovnikma erisTavma SeniSna, rom mTebidan
Seiqmna alazanze dedofliswyarsTan da yara- Camovida da vakeze gaiSala 3.000 cxenosani.
RajTan . dedofliswyaros saguSagoze unda guliakovma gadawyvita mowinaaRmdegis cx-
ganlagebuliyo 2 aseuli, yaraRajis saguS- enosnebisaTvis Tavad Seetia. rusebma lekebs
133
mdinare alazanze gadmosvlis saSualeba ar pavel cicianovma dimitri orbelians weri-

misces da ukan daaxevines. 1804 wlis 3 ianvars li miswera: Tu Warelebi morCilebas ar ga-
alaznis napirze gamarTul brZolaSi rusebma moacxadeben, samudamod gamoemSvidobebian
moklulTa saxiT 1 oficeri da 17 rigiTi da- Waris miwa-wyalso. lekebma dimitri orbeli-
karges, daiWra 2 oficeri da 69 rigiTi. ans oTxi mZevali misces. 30 ianvars general
1804 wlis 9-10 ianvars, RamiT, gener- orbelianTan gamocxaddnen Wareli lekebis
al-maiori vasili guliakovi àleqsandres mamasaxlisebi, xolo 31 ianvars _ belaqne-
redutTan~ agebuli xidiT alaznis marcxena li lekebis sami mamasaxlisi. Warel mamasax-
napirze gadavida da 13 ianvars sofel Wari- lisebs generalma 1803 wlis gadauxdeli xar-
saken daiZra. soflisaken mimaval gzaze lekis gadaxda mosTxova. dimitri orbelianma
kebis ramdenime aTaskaciani razmi Tavs daesxa Warelebis mamasaxlisebidan erTi TavisTan
rusebs. rusebma Zlieri cecxli gaxsnes da daitova, danarCenebi ki TavianT soflebSi
lekebs 100 mebrZoli moukles. mowinaaRmdegem gagzavna da ruseTis imperatoris erTgule-
ukan daixia da ruseTis jari mosaxleobisagan baze mosaxleobis xelaxla daficeba mosTxo-
daclil sofel WarSi Sevida, xolo Semdeg va. 1804 wlis 11 Tebervals Waris lekTa
aseve mosaxleobisagan daclili sxva sofle- Temebis 23 mamasaxlisi general orbelianTan
bic daikava. 1804 wlis 15 ianvars guliakovi gamocxadda. generalma mamasaxlisebs oTxi
zaqaTalis xeobaSi Sevida. jari Semdegnairad dRis ganmavlobaSi 1803 wlis xarkis gadaxda
moZraobda: win midiodnen qarTveli cxenos- da lekebis mier gatacebuli 211 cxenis dab-
nebi da qveiTebi, Semdeg kazaki cxenosnebi, runeba ubrZana. mamasaxlisebi am moTxovnebs
egerTa me-15 polkis 140 msroleli 1 zarba- dasTanxmdnen, Tumca misi SesrulebisaTvis 10
zniT (msrolelebTan erTad imyofeboda gen- dRe iTxoves, razec Tanxmoba miiRes. lekebis
eral-maiori vasili guliakovic), yabardos mamasaxlisebTan molaparakeba jer kidev
muSketerTa polkis batalioni, Tbilisis gre- grZeldeboda, rodesac dimitri orbelianma
naderTa polkis batalioni. jaris moZraobas cicianovis werili miiRo. saqarTvelos mTa-
zurgidan icavda egerTa me-15 polki. rogorc varsardali generals ubrZanebda: Tu Wareli
ki rusTa da qarTvelTa jari zaqaTalis xeo- lekebi maTTvis wayenebul pirobebs ar Seas-
baSi Sevida, lekebis jarma (7.000 mebrZoli) rulebdnen, dimitri orbelians unda gaeCexa
Casafrebidan Zlieri cecxli gaxsna, brZolis tye àleqsandres redutidan~ sofel katex-
dasawyisSive mokles general-maiori vasili amde gzis orive mxares, daaxloebiT 500-600
guliakovi. brZolam 8 saaTs gastana. didi metriani zoli. tyis gaCexis samuSaoebi unda
iyo rusTa da qarTvelTa danakargi, lekebma Seesrulebina qiziyis mosaxleobas. aTdRiani
moklulTa saxiT 1.000 mebrZoli dakarges. vadis amowurvis Semdeg lekebma xarkis nawili
general-maior vasili guliakovis da- gadaixades da ruseTis imperatoris erT-
Rupvis Semdeg sardloba general-maiorma gulebazec xelaxla daifices.
dimitri zaqarias Ze orbelianma miiRo. 1804 Waridan da belaqnidan lekebis Semoseva,
wlis 17 ianvars rusTa da qarTvelTa jarma marTalia, Semcirda, magram momdevno wlebSi
zaqaTalis xeobidan da Waridan ukan daixia. mainc grZeldeboda.
134
vaxtang guruli
Tavi VI. ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 wlebis omi da saqarTvelo
§1. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1804-1805 wlebSi momzadda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals sev-

astopolis muSketerTa polkis sabrZolo ga-
general-maior vasili guliakovis eqs-
mocdileba ar akmayofilebda. 1803 wlis 17 no-
pedicia War-belaqanSi da lekTa Tavisufa-
embers cicianovi ruseTis imperiis kanclers
li Temebis ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Zal-
moaxsenebda, rom sevastopolis polkis Sefis
datanebiT miReba ruseTis imperiis mier
gancxadebiT polkis jariskacebs jerjero-
iranis interesebis uxeS xelyofas niSnavda.
biT denTis suni ar egrZnoT, da maT 15 versis
XVII saukunis damdegidan War-belaqani Sahma
gavlac ar SeeZloT. garda amisa, polks aklda
kaxeTis mefes CamoarTva da uSualod irans
600 kaci, xolo jariskacTa nawili avadmyo-
SeuerTa. am droidan saqarTvelos isto-
fobda. sabolood saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
riuli teritoriis (hereTis) es nawili arc
dalma ganjaze salaSqrod Tavi mouyara
kaxeTis da arc qarTl-kaxeTis mefeTa iuris-
qveiTTa 6 batalions da cxenosanTa 3 eskad-
diqcias aRar eqvemdebareboda. viTareba ar
rons. brZolisaTvis mzad iyo: sevastopolis
Secvlila 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifesti-
muSketerTa polkis 2 batalioni, egerTa me-
sa da qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis
17 polkis 2 batalioni, kavkasiis grenaderTa
damyarebis Semdegac (1802 w.). ase rom, 1803
polkis 1 batalioni, narvis dragunTa pol-
wlis martSi rusTa da qarTvelTa jarma ira-
kis 3 eskadroni, egerTa me-17 saSefo polkis 2
nis teritoriaze ilaSqra da 1803 wlis april-
batalioni. saSefo batalionis kidev 2 aseuli
Si iranis saxelmwifos nawili iqna miRebuli
vladikavkazis simagridan Camosvlis Semdeg
ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi. es omisaTvis sak-
SeuerTdeboda mTavar Zalebs.
maoze met mizezs warmoadgenda, Tumca iranis
1803 wlis 20 noembers ganjaze salaSqrod
Sahi feThi ali dasavleT evropis saxelmwi-
gamzadebuli jaris ZiriTadma nawilma Tbili-
foebis mxardaWeris gareSe ruseTTan oms ver
sidan 15 versze sofel soRanluRTan moiyara
bedavda. es kargad uwyoda saqarTvelos mTa-
Tavi. cicianovis brZanebiT, 21 noembers jarma
varsardalma pavel cicianovma da iranisaTvis
daisvena, xolo 22 noembers diliT salaSqrod
axali teritoriebis warTmevas gegmavda.
daiZra. eqvsi Sesvenebis Semdeg ruseTis jar-
1. ganjis saxanos dapyroba. 1803 wlis
ma SamSadilus sofel zagialas miaRwia, sa-
martSi general-maior vasili guliakovis
dac mas egerTa me-17 polkis 2 batalioni
War-belaqanze laSqrobam da Semdeg alaznis
SeuerTda. 1803 wlis 29 noembers ruseTis
orive napirze ruseTis jarebis datovebam
jari sofel SamqorSi Sevida, saidanac cici-
pavel cicianovs ganjis saxanoze laSqroba
anovma imave dRes ganjis xan javads ultima-
garkveuli xniT gadaadebina. cicianovi mouT-
tumi gaugzavna da cixis Cabareba mosTxova.
menlad eloda saqarTveloSi sevastopolis
cicianovi javad xans ganjis saxanoSi ruseTis
muSketerTa polkisa da egerTa me-15 polkis
jaris Sesvlis mizezs ase ganumartavda:
Camosvlas. 1803 wlis 11 noembers sevastoplis
,,pirveli
,,pirveli da mTavari is aris, rom ganja
muSketerTa polki Tbiliss mouaxlovda da
da misi okrugi Tamar mefis droidan saqa-
qalaqidan 10 versis moSorebiT mcxeTasTan,
rTvelos ekuTvnoda da Semdeg igi mefeTa
RarTiskarSi, ganlagda. egerTa me-15 polki
sisustis gamo saqarTvelos CamoaSores. ru-
1803 wlis 12 noembrisaTvis Tbilisidan 70
seTis imperias, romelmac saqarTvelo Tavis
versis moSorebiT aragvis xeobaSi idga. 1803
mfarvelobasa da qveSevrdomobaSi miiRo, ar
wlis 17 noembers cicianovi ruseTis impera-
SeuZlia gulgrilad uyuros saqarTvelos
tors moaxsenebda: egerTa polkis oficrebi
danawilebas da ver daeTanxmeba... ganjis, ro-
da jariskacebi kavkasionis mTebze gadmosv-
gorc saqarTvelos monapovrisa da Rirsebis,
lisas imdenad qancganwyvetilni iyvnen, rom
mitovebas. meore. saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTa-
maTi ganjaze salaSqrod wayvana ar SeiZle-
nave me Tqvens maRal Rirsebas gamovugzavne
boda. TiTqmis iseTive mdgomareobaSi iyo
werili da Tqveni Svilis mZevlad gamogzavna
sevastopolis muSketerTa polkic. kavkasio-
moviTxove. Tqven mipasuxeT, rom iranis mbr-
nis mTebze gadmosvlisas polkma cxenebis
Zaneblis geSinodaT, magram amave dros daga-
umetesoba dakarga, amitom iyo, rom ganjaze
viwydaT, rom eqvsi wlis win Tqven ruseTis
salaSqrod polkis mxolod 2 batalioni
qveSevrdomi iyaviT da ganjis cixeSic ruse-
135
Tis jari idga. mesame. Tqveni xalxis mier gaZ- ganjis xani javadi pavel cicianovisaT-
arcvuli Tbiliseli vaWrebi ukmayofiloe- vis gamogzavnil werilSi uaryofda, rom gan-
bi iyvnen Tqveni maRalRirsebiT. ai, am sami ja odesme saqarTvelos mefeebs ekuTvnodaT,
mizezis gamo me qalaqis asaRebad jariT move- piriqiT, ganjis xanebi marTavdnen saqarT-
di. evropuli wesidan da Cemi aRmsareblobi- veloso. javad xanis werili ase mTavrdebo-
dan gamomdinare, vidre adamianebis sisxlis- da: `Tqven mxolod Tqveni brZolebi ixileT,
Rvras daviwyebde, movaled vTvli Tavs qa- sparselebis brZolebi ki ar ginaxavT, Sen mwer,
laqis Cabareba SemogTavazoT da Tqvengan mo- rom brZolisaTvis movemzado? me brZolisaT-
viTxovo pasuxi ori sityviT macnoboT: diax vis mas Semdeg var mzad, rac Sen SamSadiluSi
an ara.
ara. anu, nebdebiT an ar nebdebiT
nebdebiT“.
“. moxvedi da misi mosaxleoba daimorCile. Tu
ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 ww. omi
garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, pavel cicia- omi gsurs, viomoT. Seni winadadebis miuRe-
novi javad xans swerda, rom uamindobaSi jar- blobis SemTxvevaSi ubedurebiT memuqrebi, me
Tan erTad ganjis saxanoSi imitom ar iyo mi- ki vfiqrob, rom peterburgidan aq Camosvlis
suli, raime molaparakeba ewarmoebina, ganja Semdeg ubedureba Sen gdevs Tan. momavali
upirobod unda danebebuliyo, xolo ganjis gviCvenebs, Cven Soris vin darCeba ubeduri“.
xani ruseTis imperatoris gulmowyaleobis ganjis xani javadi tyuilad ikvexnida.
imedad unda darCeniliyo. saqarTvelos mTa- cixis garnizonma rusebis ieriSs bolomde
varsardali javad xans emuqreboda, rom gan- ver gauZlo. alya erTi Tve grZeldeboda.
jas ruseTis jari iseTive ubedurebas daa- mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnil xans cici-
texda Tavs, rogoric daatexa izmailisa da anovma xuTjer SesTavaza cixis Cabareba, ma-
oCakovis simagreebs, qalaq varSavas da sxva gram uSedegod. cixis ieriSi did msxverpls
simagreebsa da qalaqebs. ultimatumis dro moiTxovda. miuxedavad amisa, cicianovis mier
1803 wlis 30 noembris SuadRisas iwureboda. mowveulma sabWom Setevis dawyeba gadawyvita.
136
vaxtang guruli
1804 wlis 3 ianvars, diliT, ganjis cixeSi batalioniT elizavetopolSi idga da mwyobr-
ruseTis jari Sevida. ganjis xanma brZolaSi Si mxolod 582 oficeri da jariskaci hyavda,
moklulTa saxiT 1.500 da tyved CavardnilTa sevastopolis muSketerTa polkis kidev erTi
saxiT 8.500 mebrZoli dakarga. rusebma tyved batalioni dauqvemdebares. polkovnik pavel
aiyvanes 8.639 qali. ruseTis jaris danakargi kariagins daevala SamSadilueli TaTrebisa-
aseTi iyo; daiRupa 3 ufrosi oficeri da 35 gan cxenosani razmebis Seqmna. yvelaze didi
rigiTi jariskaci; daiWra: Stabis 12 oficeri safrTxe elizavetopols emuqreboda. cici-
da ufrosi oficeri, 192 rigiTi jariskaci. anovma brZana qalaqidan oficerTa da mox-
ganjis cixis aRebisaTvis brZolaSi gamo- eleTa col-Svili SamSadiluSi gaexiznaT.
Cenili mamacobisaTvis aleqsandr I-ma gener- ruseTis jaris iranis sazRvrisaken gadaadg-
al-leitenant pavel cicianovs infanteriis ileba SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT erevnisa da
generlis wodeba mianiWa. cicianovi wminda naxWevnis xanebs.
giorgis II xarisxis ordeniT dajildoebasac pavel cicianovma Tbilisidan erevnis
eloda da roca jildo ver miiRo, gadadgoma xan mehmeds Semdegi moTxovnebi wauyena: 1.
iTxova. imperatorma gadadgoma ar miiRo. erevnis cixeSi unda ganlagebuliyo ruseTis
ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 da ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 ww. omebi
qalaq ganjas saxeli Seecvala da eliza- jari, erevnis xans SeeZlo darCeniliyo cixe-
vetopoli ewoda. Si, an sacxovreblad sxva adgili aerCia; 2.
2. laSqroba erevnis saxanoze. ganjis sax- erevnis xans ruseTis imperatori Tavis xelm-
anos dapyrobam ukiduresad daZaba ruseT- wifed unda eRiarebina da misi erTgulebis
iranis urTierToba, Tumca irani ruseTi- fici mieRo; 3. erevnis xans ruseTisaTvis
saTvis omis gamocxadebisagan jer kidev Tavs yovel wels unda mieca xarki 80.000 maneTis
ikavebda. miuxedavad amisa, iranSi omisaTvis odenobiT. cicianovi pirobas debda, rom am
samzadisi mimdinareobda. pavel cicianovma moTxovnebis miRebis Semdeg erevnis xani Zvel
qalaq Tavrizis midamoebSi iranis jarebis pativSi darCeboda. mehmed xanma saqarTvelos
Tavmoyris ambavi Seityo da maSinve omisaTvis mTavarsardlis moTxovnebi ar miiRo. omi
samzadiss Seudga. Tbilisis muSketerTa pol- gardauvali gaxda.
ki qvemo qarTlSi, iranis sazRvarTan axlos, 1804 wlis 31 maiss sofel soRanluRTan
ganlagda. general-maiorma aleqsei leon- Tavi moiyara erevanze salaSqrod gamzadeb-
tievma erTi batalioniT bambakSi
bambakSi,, iranis saz- ulma jarebma: kavkasiis grenaderTa polkma,
polkma,
RvarTan daikava poziciebi. polkovnik pavel saratovis muSketerTa polkma,
polkma, narvis dragun-
kariagins,, romelic egerTa me-17 polkis ori
kariagins Ta polkis 3 eskadronma da 300-ma kazakma. sul
137
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma 4.080 oficrisa buli gaxada erevnis cixis dakavebis gegmaSi
da jariskacis Tavmoyra SeZlo (3.413 qveiTi, cvlilebebi Seetana. erevnis garSemo baRebSi
667 kavaleristi). jaris artileria 12 zarba- abas mirzas jarebis seriozuli Zalebi iyo
znisagan Sedgeboda. ruseTis jars SeuerTda Tavmoyrili, rac cixeze Setevis SemTxvevaSi
qarTvel cxenosanTa razmi _ 300 Tavadi da rusebs did msxverpls moutanda.
aznauri. cicianovis gegmis Tanaxmad, laSqro- 1804 wlis 30 ivniss RamiT pavel cici-
bis dawyebamde ori dRiT adre erevnisaken anovma mowinave razmiT gogCis tbidan gamoma-
unda daZruliyo kavkasiis grenaderTa polki vali mdinare zanga gadalaxa. mowinave razms
general-maior sergei tuCkovis meTaurobiT. mihyva ruseTis jaris ZiriTadi Zalebic. ci-
erevnis saxanos teritoriaze Sesul tuCkovs cianovs gadawyvetili hqonda erevnis cixidan
somxebma acnobes, rom mis winaaRmdeg moe- 7 versiT moSorebuli iranelTa banakisaTvis
marTeboda iranelTa 8.000 rCeuli cxenosani. Seetia. cxare brZolaSi iranelebi damarcxd-
somxebma generals aseve acnobes, rom iranel- nen, banaki miatoves da erevnis cixes Seafares
Ta laSqarSi imyofebodnen batoniSvilebi Tavi, xolo Semdeg mdinare araqsis marjvena
aleqsandre erekles Ze da Teimuraz giorgis napirze gadavidnen. rusebma mowinaaRmdegis
Ze.. tuCkovma gadawyvita, rom moulodnelad
Ze danakargi ver daadgines, radgan iranelebma
Seetia mtrisaTvis. RamiT tuCkovma Tavisi gvamebi Tan waiRes. rusebma brZolaSi da-
banaki gaamagra da mis dasacavad 400 qveiTi da karges 1 rigiTi, daiWra 4 ufrosi oficeri,
2 zarbazani datova. 1804 wlis 10 ivniss dil- 27 umcrosi oficeri da rigiTi. cicianovma
iT sergei tuCkovma 1.800 rusi oficeri da gadawyvita abas mirzas laSqris damarcxe-
jariskaci, kazakTa da qarTvelTa cxenosani biT esargebla da dauyonebliv Seetia erev-
razmebi 8 zarbazniT or kolonad moawyo da nis cixisaTvis, magram jaris daRlilobis
Setevaze gadavida. gaimarTa cxare brZola, gamo Seteva gadado. ruseTis jaris ZiriTadi
romelic gardamavali upiratesobiT mimdin- nawili erevnis cixis axlos mdinare yirxbu-
areobda. 1804 wlis 12 ivniss cicianovi ja- laxis napirze dabanakda. 1804 wlis 3 ivniss
ris ZiriTadi ZalebiT giumrs miuaxlovda da erevnis xanma cicianovs werili gaugzavna.
tuCkovis razms SeuerTda. pavel cicianovma xani werda, rom mas jer kidev 1797 wels sur-
ruseTis jaris avangardSi general-maior da ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvla. xani cici-
sergei tuCkovis razmi Caayena, xolo arier- anovs arwmunebda, rom erevnis cixidan ruse-
gardSi _ general-maior aleqsei leontievisa
leontievisa.. Tis jaris mimarT ganxorcielebuli srola
giumris banakSi myof cicianovs Tbilisidan masTan ar yofila SeTanxmebuli.
acnobes, rom 1804 wlis 10 ivniss iranma omi 1804 wlis 2 ivliss ganTiadisas mdinare
gamoucxada ruseTs. yirxbulaxis napirze arsebuli banakidan pav-
pavel cicianovi 1804 wlis 15 ivniss gi- el cicianovi erevnis cixisaken daiZra. cixes
umris banakidan erevnisaken daiZra. 19 ivniss sakmaod Zlieri galavani hqonda da kargadac
rusebma eCmiaZins miaRwies. erevanTan miax- iyo gamagrebuli. cixes 7.000 mebrZoli icav-
loebisas rusebs zarebis rekis xma SemoesmaT, da, mis koSkebsa da kedlebze 60 zarbazani
rac cicianovma somxebis mxridan misalmebad iyo ganlagebuli. 1804 wlis 5 ivliss rusebma
miiRo. aRmoCnda, rom eCmiaZinis monasterSi mdinare zangaze xidi aages da meore napirze
400 sparseli mebrZoli iyo gamagrebuli. mon- gadavidnen, saidanac erevnis cixis dabombva
asterTan miaxloebisas qarTvel cxenosnebsa daiwyes. iranis Sahma feThi alim saswrafod
da kazakebs Zlieri cecxli dauSines. 20 ivniss Sekriba 15.000 mebrZoli da abas mirzas laSqa-
cicianovma eCmiaZinis monastris ukan maR- rTan SesaerTeblad gaemarTa. iranelTa ori
lobebze iranelTa mravalricxovani razmebi laSqari 14 ivliss gaerTianda. Seityo Tu ara
SeniSna. es iyo, iranis taxtis memkvidre abas abas mirzas da feThi alis laSqris gaerTiane-
mirzas laSqris avangardi (20.000 cxenosani ba, cicianovma erevnis cixis alyaze mdgari
artileriiT), romelic rusebze adre misuli- jari Setevis mosagerieblad moamzada. 1804
yo erevanTan. abas mirzas ganzraxuli hqonda wlis 16 ivliss saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
Tvali edevnebina ruseTis jaris gadaadg- aleqsandr I-s werda, rom mas ganzraxuli
ilebisaTvis da Tu aucilebeli gaxdeboda, hqonda iranelTa laSqari erevnis cixeze aly-
erevnis xans cixis dacvaSi daxmareboda. abas is mouxsnelad moegeriebina. 1804 wlis 16 iv-
mirzas erevanTan gamoCenam cicianovi iZule- liss naSuadRevs iranelTa laSqris avangardi
138
vaxtang guruli
erevnis cixes miuaxlovda. male cixis midam- Tbiliss. RarTiskaris saguSagos mniSvneloba
oebSi iranelTa ZiriTadi laSqari (30.000 me- imaSi mdgomareobda, rom iq ruseTidan (Crdi-
brZoli) gamoCnda. erevnis cixisaTvis gamar- lo kavkasiidan) da Savi zRvidan (dasavleT
Tul brZolaSi iranelebma 800 kaci dakarges. saqarTvelodan) momavali gzebi ikveTeboda.
rusebis danakargi Seadgenda 2 moklulsa da am gzebze TareSobdnen lekebi, osebi da Crdi-
62 daWrils. ruseTis jarma brZolaSi daxar- lo kavkasiis sxva xalxebi. soRanluRis sa-
ja 10.203 vazna da 76 saartilerio yumbara. guSagos mniSvnelobas gansazRvravda is, rom
1804 wlis 24 ivlisidan 2 seqtembramde ganjis mxridan lekTa moTareSe razmebs uke-
ruseTis jari erevnis cixesTan idga. 2 seqtem- tavda gzas. sevastopolis muSketerTa pol-
bers sursaTisa da sabrZolo masalis defi- kis 2 aseuli ananurSi idga, romelsac Tu-
citis, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi SeTSi, fSavsa da xevsureTSi simSvidis dacva
mimdinare ajanyebis gamo pavel cicianovi evaleboda. kaxeTSi, alaznis gaswvriv, ganla-
iZulebuli gaxda erevnis cixisTvis alya mogebuli iyo egerTa me-15 polki da yabardos
exsna da ukan daexia. muSketerTa polkis 2 batalioni zarbaznebiT.
3. iranis laSqris saqarTveloSi SemoWris kaxeTis soflebSi: gavazSi, yvarelSi
yvarelSi,, fSavel-
saSiSroeba. YruseT-iranis 1804-1813 wlebis Si, matansa da madnisxevis SesasvlelTan gan-
omis dawyebis Semdeg (1804 wlis 10 ivnisi) lagebuli iyo yabardos muSketerTa polkis
pavel cicianovs ara marto erevnis saxanosa batalioni 1 zarbazniT.
da sxva saxanoebis dapyrobaze unda ezruna, iranis Sahi feThi ali acxadebda, rom 1804
aramed _ qarTlisa da kaxeTis teritoriis wlis 10 aprils Teiranidan gamovidoda da gan-
dacvaze. ruseT-iranis omis dawyebis drois- ja-Tbilisis mimarTulebiT Seutevda. somxebma
aTvis samxreT kavkasiaSi ruseTis jaris Sem- moaxloebuli safrTxe igrZnes, Tavi mouyares
degi nawilebi iyo ganlagebuli: kavkasiis mTel qonebasa da saqonels da 1804 wlis maisSi
grenaderTa polki, egerTa me-9 polki, egerTa meliqebis ovanesisa da isaakis winamZRolobiT
me-15 polki, egerTa me-17 polki, Tbilisis muS- ruseTis sazRvrisaken daiZrnen. somxebs erev-
keterTa polki, yabardos muSketerTa polki, nis xanisagan akrZaluli hqondaT ruseTis saz-
saratovis muSketerTa polki, sevastopolis RvarTan miaxloeba, magram ovanesma da isaakma
muSketerTa polki, narvis dragunTa polki, sazRvari mainc gadmolaxes da bambakSi SeCerd-
donis kazakTa polki. yvela polks erTad Sei- nen. somex ltolvilebs bambakSi iranis laSqa-
araRebaze hqonda 24 zarbazani. es polkebi ric Semohyva. somxebma Tavi miuval adgilebs
Semdegnairad iyo ganlagebuli: Sida da qvemo Seafares, qonebis didi nawili ki dakarges.
qarTli unda daecva egerTa me-9 polks; ax- 2.000 gawamebulma somexma Tbiliss mxolod
alcixis mxridan qvemo qarTli unda daecva 1804 wlis 10 seqtembers moaRwia.
walkaSi ganlagebul Tbilisis muSketerTa pavel cicianovma sxvadasxva wyarodan
polkis 1 batalions, romelsac SeiaraRebaze miRebuli cnobebis SejerebiT daaskvna, rom
hqonda 2 qvemexi; Tbilisis muSketerTa pol- iranis Sahi sakmaod mravalricxovan laSqa-
kis 1 batalioni erevnis mxridan icavda bam- rs krebda. iranis jaris ZiriTad Zalebs,
baks;; Tbilisis muSketerTa polkis 3 aseuli
baks 60.000 mebrZols, piradad Sahi sardlobda.
erTi qvemexiT icavda borCalos
borCalos;; Tbilisis saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma zustad ver
muSketerTa 1 aseuli dmanisSi idga, romelsac daadgina, romeli mimarTulebiT Seutevda
dmanisis garSemo soflebis dacva evaleboda; feThi ali. rusebs xelSi CauvardaT aleqsan-
egerTa me-17 polki 3 qvemexiT elizavetopo- dre da Teimuraz batoniSvilebis werilebi.
lis (ganjis) cixeSi idga da Tbilisis mimar- batoniSvilebi mosaxleobas mouwodebdnen
Tulebas icavda. 1804 wlis aprilis bolos sparselebisa da lekebisaTvis winaaRmdegoba
cicianovma miiRo cnoba, rom mdinare araqsis ar gaewiaT. abas mirzam, romlis banakSic ale-
marjvena napirze iranis laSqari iyrida Tavs. qsandre da Teimuraz batoniSvilebi imyofe-
elizavetopolis garnizonis gasaZliereblad bodnen, yazaxis muslim mosaxleobas rusebis
saswrafod gaigzavna sevastopolis muSketer- winaaRmdeg brZolisaken mouwoda.
Ta polkis 1 batalioni 2 qvemexiT. sevastop- pavel cicianovis laSqrobam erevnis
olis muSketerTa polkis saSefo batalioni saxanoze da erevnis cixisaTvis brZolebma
da 2 aseuli TbilisSi iyo ganlagebuli da (1804 wlis gazafxuli-zafxuli) iranis Sahs
RarTiskarisa da soRanluRis mxridan icavda Tbilisze gamolaSqrebis saSualeba ar misca.
139
§2. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1805 wels to ganjas gaaTavisuflebda, aramed Tbiliss,

yizlarsa da astraxansac daikavebda. Sahi
1804 wlis bolos iranis Sahma feThi
yabardoelebs aimedebda, rom male taxtis
alim, aleqsandre batoniSvilis rCeviT, gav-
memkvidre abas mirza 50.000 mebrZoliT saqa-
lenian qarTvel Tavadebs, yabardoelebs, os-
rTveloSi SeiWreboda, sul male ki 100.000
ebs, daRestnelebsa da sxva xalxebs firmanebi
mebrZoliTa da 400 zarbazniT TviTonac daiZ-
daugzavna. Sahma saqarTvelodan ruseTis jar-
vreboda salaSqrod. feThi alim ruseTis wi-
ebis gandevnis mizniT Crdilo kavkasiis yvela
naaRmdeg Crdilo kavkasiis muslimi mosaxle-
muslimi xalxis darazmva scada. man gaaTavi-
obis darazmva ver moaxerxa. tarkis Samxalma
sufla erevnis alyis dros tyved Cavardnili
misi firmani cicianovs gaugzavna. derbentisa
10 osi, TiToeul maTgans cxeni da 100 ver-
(darubandisa) da yubis xanma Seix alim ruse-
cxlis maneTi uboZa da ruseTis winaaRmdeg
Tis winaaRmdeg brZolisaken mouwoda Saqis
aragvis xeobis mosaxleobis ajanyeba daavala.
xan selims
selims,, romelmac Seix alis werili ci-
Sahma werilebi gamougzavna os mamasaxlisebs
cianovs gaugzavna. yarabaRis xani ibrahimi
ibrahimi,,
da rusebis winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZola
rogorc ki iranis jaris moaxloebis ambavi
SesTavaza. werilebis nawili xelSi CauvardaT
Sietyo, Sahs gadaudga.
rusebs. ase Seityo pavel cicianovma, Tu
jer kidev 1804 wlis aprilis damdegs,
romeli batoniSvilebisa Tu Tavadebis gad-
rogorc ki TavrizSi iranis mravalricxovani
abirebas cdilobda iranis Sahi. 1805 wlis 29
laSqris Sekrebis ambavi Seityo, cicianovma
ianvars cicianovi aleqsandr I-s
I-s moaxsenebda:
Tbilisis muSketerTa polkis 2 batalioni
iranis Sahi imuqreba, rom navrozobis dResas-
elizavetopolis garnizonis gasaZliere-
waulisaTvis saqarTveloSi, yizlarsa da ast-
blad gagzavna. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals
raxanSi iranis jarebis sabrZolo sayvirebis
afiqrebda is, rom evropaSi Seqmnili rTuli
xmas gaigonebeno. cicianovma kargad icoda,
samxedro-politikuri viTarebis gamo ru-
rom Sahi rusebis daSinebas cdilobda. ira-
seTidan igi daxmarebas ver miiRebda. cicia-
nis jari ruseTis jarTan SedarebiT susti
novis gankargulebaSi rCeboda 6.810 qveiTi
iyo. iraneli mebrZoli SeiareRebuli iyo us-
da 1.400 cxenosani. marTalia, samxreT kavka-
asxleto TofiT, Tofis wamali fiTilze ce-
siaSi ruseTis jaris 9 polki (27 batalioni)
cxlis mokidebis Semdeg feTqdeboda. arasax-
da donis kazakTa jaris 5 polki idga, magram
arbielo mdgomareobaSi iyo kavaleria. jars
polkebis umravlesoba srulad dakompleqte-
saerTod ar gaaCnda proviantis maragi.
buli ar iyo, ris gamoc polkebs aklda 2.554
iranelTa tyveobidan gamoqceulma qa-
oficeri da jariskaci, xolo 665 mebrZoli
rTvelma Tavadebma cicianovs acnobes, rom
avadmyofobda. cicianovs gansakuTrebiT
TeiranSi yabardos elCebi Cavidnen. am cnobam
afiqrebda zarbaznebis nakleboba. es imas niS-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali SeaSfoTa. ci-
navda, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis md-
cianovma brZana, saswrafod SeeqmnaT faruli
gomareoba arcTu ise saxarbielo iyo. 1805
saguSagoebi Teiranidan ukan dabrunebuli
wlis 10 ivliss cicianovi adam Cartoriskis
yabardos elCebis Sepyrobis mizniT. tarkis
swerda, rom 6.810 qveiTiT, 1.400 cxenosniTa
Samxalma cicianovs didi samsaxuri gauwia,
da 9 zarbazniT mas iranis jaris winaaRmdeg
roca iranidan yabardoSi mimavali Sikrikebi
unda gaelaSqra, romelic 40.000 mebrZols
Seipyro. gaCxrekisas maT iranis Sahis, abas
iTvlida da ZiriTadad kavaleriisagan Sedge-
mirzas, aleqsandre batoniSvilisa da iranis
boda.
didmoxeleTa 36 werili upoves. werilebi
Teiranidan iranis jaris ZiriTadi Za-
Crdilo kavkasiis mTielebisaTvis iyo gankuT-
lebi iranis Sah feThi alis sardlobiT
vnili. tarkis Samxalma werilebica da maTi
Tavrizisaken daiZra, xolo abas mirzam
momtanebic yizlaris komendants gaugzavna.
yarabaRze gailaSqra. sanam yarabaRis saxanos
cicianovi werilebis wakiTxvis Semdeg mixvda,
teritoriaze Sevidoda, abas mirzam jari or
Tu ratom gaZlierda bolo xanebSi mTielTa
nawilad gayo, romelTagan erTi erevnisaken
Tavdasxmebi kavkasiis xazze. werilebidan
daiZra. erevnis xanma mehmedma iranelebs erev-
aseve irkveoda, rom Sahs surda ruseTis wi-
nis cixis dakaveba SesTavaza. marTalia, cici-
naaRmdeg sabrZolvelad SeeiaraRebina mus-
anovs aleqsandr I-ma ubrZana, rom iranelTa
limi xalxebi Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde.
winaaRmdeg brZola rogorme aecilebina Ta-
Sahi yabardoelebs hpirdeboda, rom ara mar-
140
vaxtang guruli
vidan, magram saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma astopolis muSketerTa polki (779 oficeri

TavdacviT brZolebs Seteva amjobina. cicia- da jariskaci), egerTa me-9 polkis 6 aseuli
novi grZnobda, rom iranis Sahi yarabaRis sax- (290 oficeri da jariskaci), Tbilisis muSket-
anos dabrunebas Seecdeboda, amitom iyo, rom erTa polkis nawili (128 oficeri da jaris-
man egerTa me-17 polkis 6 aseuli da 30 ka- kaci), 187 kazaki, 151 yazaxeli TaTari. 1805
zaki maior dimitri lisaneviCis meTaurobiT wlis 30 noembers cicianovma mingenCaurTan
SuSis cixis dasacavad gagzavna. lisaneviCs 3 mtkvari gadalaxa da Saqis saxanos terito-
zarbazanic gamouyves. rusTa mcirericxovani riaze Sevida. 1806 wlis 30 ianvars ruseTis
razmis (300 oficeri da jariskaci) SuSis kar- jari baqos miuaxlovda. pavel cicianovma
gad gamagrebul cixeSi Sesvla iranis Sahisa baqos xan husein yulis usityvo kapitula-
da aleqsandre batoniSvilisaTvis cudis mo- cia mosTxova. husein yuli xanma saqarTvelos
maswavebeli iyo. aleqsandre batoniSvils mTavarsardals acnoba, rom baqos Caabareb-
ver aexsna, ram aiZula yarabaRis xani ibra- da da piradad is da mTeli saxano ruseTis
himi,, romelic iranis Sahis karze didi pati-
himi mudmiv qveSevrdomobaSi Sevidoda. xani imeds
viT sargeblobda, rusebisaTvis nebayoflo- gamoTqvamda, rom ruseTis imperatori mas ar
biT Caebarebina SuSis cixe. cicianovma maior dauviwyebda im damsaxurebas, romelic xanma
lisaneviCs mdinare araqsis marjvena napirze ruseTis jars 1796 wels aRmouCina. ruseTis
gadasvla aukrZala, Tu mowinaaRmdegis sru- jaris mier 1796 wels iranSi general-poruCik
lad ganadgurebis imedi ar eqneboda. Seityo valerian zubovis sardlobiT ganxorciele-
Tu ara araqsis marjvena napirze iranelTa bul samxedro eqspediciaSi general-maiori
Zlieri razmis gamoCena, cicianovma lisanevi- pavel cicianovic monawileobda, jer rogorc
Cis dasaxmareblad polkovnik pavel kariagi- kavkasiis korpusis sardali, xolo Semdeg,
nis egerTa batalioni (400 mebrZoli) da 2 rogorc baqos komendanti. cicianovi kargad
qvemexi gagzavna. Tu kariagini da lisaneviCi icnobda husein yuli xans. saqarTvelos mTa-
iranelebis Semotevas ver SeaCerebdnen, maT varsardalma baqos xans acnoba, rom ruseTis
dasaxmareblad Tbilisis muSketerTa pol- imperatori mas Zvel pativSi datovebda da
kis 2 batalioniT piradad saqarTvelos mTa- saxanos marTva-gamgeobasac SeunarCunebda,
varsardali daiZvreboda. 1805 wlis ivnis- xolo baqos xanebi momavalSic husein yuli
ivlisSi maiorma lisaneviCma da polkovnikma xanis STamomavlebi iqnebodnen. husein yuli
kariaginma erevnisa da yarabaRis saxanoebis xanma pavel cicianovTan Sesaxvdrad abdul
teritoriaze calkeul brZolaSi imdenad mo- husein bei gamogzavna, romelmac saqarTvelos
qances abas mirzas laSqari, rom iranelebma mTavarsardals acnoba, rom xanma mis mier
saqarTveloze ganzraxuli Seteva veRar daiw- wayenebuli pirobebi miiRo da meore dRes,
yes. samagierod, ruseTis jarma warumateblo- 1806 wlis 8 Tebervals, baqos cixis gasaRebs
ba ganicada baqosaTvis brZolaSi, iranelTa Caabarebda.
xelSi rCeboda erevanic
erevanic.. 1806 wlis 8 Tebervals, diliT, pavel
cicianovi egerTa me-16 polkis oficrebisa
da jariskacebis TanxlebiT (sul 200 kaci)
baqos cixis galavans miuaxlovda. 10 saaTze
§3. pavel cicianovis mkvleloba
pavel cicianovi generlebis irinarx zavali-
baqos saxanos dapyrobas da baqos cixis Sinis da gavrila gurievis TanxlebiT baqos
dauflebas pavel cicianovi did mniSvnelobas deputacias Sexvda, romelTac mas baqos cixis
aniWebda. 1805 wlis zafxulSi ruseTis jaris gasaRebi gadasces. gasaRebis gadacemisas dep-
marcxma baqosaTvis brZolaSi politikuri vi- utaciis xelmZRvanelma ganacxada: xanma ver-
Tareba iranis saxanoebSi ruseTis sazianod cxlisagan gasaRebis damzadeba ver moaswro,
Secvala. 1805 wlis noembris bolos 1.663 xolo Tavad SexvedrisTvis mzad ar aris da
qveiTiTa da mxedriT, 10 zarbaznis Tanxle- amitom audienciis gadadebas iTxovso. pavel
biT cicianovi elizavetopolidan baqosaken cicianovma audienciis gadadebaze uari Tqva
daiZra. rogorc cicianovis mier aleqsandr da deputacias ase mimarTa: `me movedi ara
I-isaTvis 1805 wlis 27 noembris moxsenebidan imitom, rom ukan gavbrunde da Tu amas mainc
Cans, saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis daqvemde- gavakeTeb, meored ukve kibeebiT moval~ (kib-
barebaSi iyo Semdegi samxedro nawilebi: sev- eebs, rogorc cnobilia, cixis kedlebis ga-
141
dasalaxavad iyenebdnen, ase rom, cicianovi gaeSura.

xans omiT daemuqra). generalma baqos xanTan ruseTis jarma baqodan ukan daixia. pav-
mosalaparakeblad cixeSi Tavadi elizbar el cicianovis cxedari baqos galavanTan da-
erisTavi Segzavna, romelic cixidan xanis krZales. ruseTis jarma 1806 wlis 2 ivniss
deputaciis TanxlebiT dabrunda. deputaciam baqo mainc aiRo, oRond general aleqsandr
saqarTvelos mTavarsardals sTxova damS- bulgakovis sardlobiT. pavel cicianovis
videbuliyo da xanisaTvis Cadenili saqcieli cxedari saflavidan amoiRes da baqos somxur
epatiebina. pavel cicianovma husein yuli xan- eklesias gadasces. somxebma cxedari kuboSi
Tan Sexvedra gadawyvita da deputacias ukan Caasvenes da kubo fisis sqeli feniT dafares.
gaatana cixis gasaRebi, romelic misTvis pi- ase inaxeboda cxedari somxur eklesiaSi 1811
radad baqos xans unda gadaeca. wlamde. 1811 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos
husein yuli xani baqos cixidan gamovida. mTavarsardalma filip pauluCim pavel cici-
igi pavel cicianovs Sexvda, rogorc Zveli anovis cxedari baqodan TbilisSi gadmoasvena
megobari da cixis gasaRebic gadasca. saqarT- da sionis taZarSi dakrZala.
velos mTavarsardlis win idga ori sparseli, pavel cicianovis mkvlelobis Semdeg
xolo mis zurgs ukan _ xanis amalis wevri ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandr I-ma saqarT-
ibrahim bei.
bei. moulodnelad ibrahim beim pav- velos mTavarsardlad general-feldmarSali
el cicianovs zurgSi esrola da adgilzeve ivan gudoviCi (1806-1809) daniSna.
mokla. meore gasroliT mokles Tavadi eliz- ruseT-iranis omi ki grZeldeboda da igi
bar erisTavi
erisTavi.. ibrahim beim cicianovs Tavi da mxolod 1813 wels dasrulda.
xelebi mohkveTa da TavrizSi abas mirzasTan
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vaxtang guruli
Tavi VII. 1804 wlis ajanyeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi
1802 wlis politikurma gamosvlam kax- li 1.500 yabardoeli SeniSnes. im dRes ruseb-
eTSi naTlad daadastura qarTveli eris ma yabardoelTa damarcxeba moaxerxes, magram
yvelaze Segnebuli da ganaTlebuli nawilis es sulac ar iyo sakmarisi. 14 maiss glaze-
(samRvdeloebis, Tavadebis, aznaurebis) didi napi yabardos Sida raionebisaken daiZra. amis
ukmayofileba qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis gauqme- Semdeg, yabardoelebma rusebs morCileba
biTa da rusuli mmarTvelobis moRvaweobiT. gamoucxades, magram droebiT. rogorc ki ru-
am gamosvlas imdenad seriozuli mizezebi sis jari yabardos datovebda kvlav iwyeboda
gaaCnda, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardlisa da daumorCilebloba.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis Tavmjdo- 1804 wlis gazafxulze aRmosavleT saqa-
maris general-leitenant karl knorringisa rTvelos mTianeTSi mRelvareba daiwyo, rac
da saqarTvelos mmarTvel piotr kovalenskis sul male rusebis winaaRmdeg did ajanyebaSi
gadayeneba ukmayofilobis mizezs ver mospo- gadaizarda.
bda. cxadi iyo, rom brZola qarTl-kaxeTis
samefos aRdgenisaTvis gagrZeldeboda.
ruseTis imperiam samxreT kavkasiaSi fexi §1 ajanyebis mizezebi da dasawyisi
ise Semodga da agresiis obieqti gaafarTo-
1. ajanyebis mizezebi.
mizezebi. 1804 wlis ajanyeba
va, rom Crdilo kavkasiaSi (mdinare yubanis
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi ganapir-
SesarTavidan mdinare Tergis SesarTavamde)
oba erTma umTavresma mizezma
mizezma:: qarTl-kaxeTis
damkvidreba ver moaswro. Crdilo kavkasiis
samefos gauqmebam da rusuli mmarTvelobis
mTielebi, gansakuTrebiT Crdilo-dasavleT
damyarebam. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiane-
kavkasiis aborigeni mosaxleoba, samkvdro-
Ti, konkretulad aragvis xeoba, qarTl-kax-
sasicocxlo omSi iyo Cambuli ruseTTan.
eTis samefos arsebobis ukanasknel periodSi
ruseTis saimperatoro kari varaudobda,
vaxtang batoniSvilis saufliswulos war-
rom yirimis saxanos gauqmebisa da Crdilo-
moadgenda. duSeTSi myofi vaxtang batoniS-
aRmosavleT Savi zRvispireTidan osmaleTis
vili Tavis saufliswulos qarTuli samarT-
gandevnis Semdeg yubanispireTs sabolood
lis normebisa da yvela xeobisaTvis damaxa-
daipyrobda, rac mTielTa brZolas Seasus-
siaTebeli adaT-wesebis dacviT ganagebda. es
tebda. ruseTma 1783 wels yirimis saxano
exeboda ara marto qarTvelebs, aramed re-
daipyro, 1787-1791 wlebis omSi osmaleTi
gionSi mcxovreb osebsac, romlebic qarTl-
daamarcxa, magram Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiis
kaxeTis mefis qveSevrdomebi iyvnen. qarTlisa
mosaxleoba mainc ver daimorCila. kavkasiis
da kaxeTis baris raionebisagan gansxvavebiT,
xazze myofi ruseTis jarebi mudmiv sabr-
vaxtang batoniSvilis saufliswulos marTva-
Zolo mzadyofnaSi iyvnen. 1803 wlis 13 no-
gamgeobaSi mTavar rols xevisberebi da xe-
embers kavkasiis xazis mTavarsrdlad gener-
visTavebi,, xolo osTa TemebSi mamasaxlisebi
visTavebi
al-maior grigori glazenapi dainiSna. axali
asrulebdnen. qarTlis mTianeTSi sxvadasxva
mTavarsardali movaleobis Sesrulebas 1804
mizeziT aRmocenebuli daZabuloba adgilo-
wlis 29 marts Seudga. glazenaps ukve hqonda
brivi adaT-wesebis safuZvelze gvardeboda,
brZaneba, rom sastikad daesaja yabardo
yabardo,, ro-
im adaT-wesebisa, romelTac usityvod emor-
melic mudmivad eurCeboda ruseTs. pavel ci-
Cileboda yvela mTieli. qarTl-kaxeTis same-
cianovi yabardoelebis winaaRmdeg brZolis
fos gauqmebis Semdeg vaxtang batoniSvilis
win glazenaps ase arigebda: `ùnda
unda Caunergo
saufliswulo duSeTis (ananuris) mazraSi
SiSi, mxolod zaralis miyeneba ar kmara. SiSis
Sevida da rus oficers _ kapitan-ispravniks
Canergva ruseTis uZleveli mxedrobis saqmea.
daeqvemdebara. kapitan-ispravnikTan erTad
azieli mtaceblebi sabrZolo didebas ki ar
mazris marTva-gamgeobas axorcielebda samaz-
eZeben, aramed nadavls“.
ro sasamarTlo da samazro policia
policia.. rusuli
1804 wlis 9 maiss general-maiori glaze-
mmarTvelobis damyarebas mohyva qarTuli
napi 1.750 oficriTa da jariskaciT, kazakTa
samarTlis normebisa da adgilobrivi adaT-
razmis TanxlebiT mdinare baqsanis marcxena
wesebis sruli ugulebelyofa. ruseTidan
napiridan marjvena napirze gadavida. rusebma
Camosuli samxedro da samoqalaqo moxeleebi
dabanakebac ver moaswres, rom maTken momava-
qarTvelebs uyurebdnen, rogorc velur azie-
143
lebs da mosaxleobaSi SiSis danergvas cdi- tanad unda miecaT cxenebi da urmebi. meur-
lobdnen. adgilobrivi tradiciis armcodne meebad da tvirTis gamyolebad isev soflis
rusi moxeleebi xSirad iseT Seuracxyofas mosaxleobas iyenebdnen. qarTvelebs TavianTi
ayenebdnen Tavisuflebis moyvare mTielebs, transportiT unda gadaeyvanaT daWrili da
risTvisac mTaSi erTaderTi sasjeliT _ avadmyofi jariskacebi, xolo gzis dazianebis
sikvdiliT uswordebodnen. duSeTis (anan- SemTxvevaSi zurgiT gadaetanaT fosta;
uris) mazris kapitan-ispravnikis, samzro sa- 3. samxedro gzis mSenebloba ZiriTadad
samarTlosa da samazro policiis TviTneboba zafxulSi mimdinareobda. gviani Semodgomi-
da Zalmomreoba, rasac Tan erTvoda aragvis dan adre gazafxulamde aucilebeli xdeboda
xeobaSi xanmokle Tu xangrZlivi vadiT Cay- gzis Camowolili zvavebisagan gawmenda da
enebuli ruseTis jaris oficrebisa da jaris- dazianebuli monakveTebis SekeTeba. Tovlsa
kacebis Tavgasuloba, qarTvelebs aiZulebda da gausaZlis yinvaSi soflebis mosaxleo-
rusebi mtrad Seeracxa da ZalmomreobisaTvis bas, rogorc qarTvelebs, ise osebs, dRe da
Zalmomreoba daepirispirebina. isedac daZ- Rame amuSavebdnen. daRlil-daqancul muSebs
abul viTarebas kidev ufro amZimebda rusebis normalur sakvebsac ki ar aZlevdnen;
mier dawesebuli begara-gadasaxadebi, ramac 4. zafxulobiT samxedro gzis mSene-
mosaxleoba umZimes mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. ai, blobaSi, xolo zamTrobiT gzis gawmendasa
am umTavresma mizezma ganapiroba 1804 wlis da aRdgeniT samuSaoebSi monawileobis gamo
gazafxulze qarTlis mTianeTSi jer mRelva- fSavis, gudamayris, mTiuleTisa da xevis mo-
rebis, Semdeg ki ajanyebis dawyeba. saxleoba mTlianad mowyda saxl-kars. mouvle-
garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, ajanyebas li rCeboda saxnav-saTesi, saTibi da saqoneli.
hqonda sxva konkretuli mizezebi, romleb- ojaxSi mTeli simZime qalebs daawvaT, Tumca
mac daaCqara da Taviseburi xasiaTi misca mas. umetes SemTxvevaSi mZime samuSaoze qals ma-
mizezebidan SeiZleba gamovyoT ramdenime: makacis Secvla ar SeeZlo. gzis mSeneblobasa
1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos dapyrobis da gawmendaze bevri adamiani daiRupa, ufro
Semdeg didi mniSvneloba mieniWa Crdilo ka- meti dasaxiCrda da samudamod xeibrad iqca.
vkasiidan saqarTveloSi momaval gzas (moz- ojaxebi marCenalis gareSe darCnen, mTel rig
doki-balTa-larsi-stefanwminda-kobi-kaiSau- soflebSi SimSilma daisadgura;
ri-ananuri-duSeTi). am gzaze Seuferxeblad 5. rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Sem-
unda emoZrava ruseTis jars da samxedro deg duSeTis (ananuris) mazris (fSavi, mTiu-
tvirTs, aseve vaWarTa qaravnebs. 1803 wels leTi, xevi, gudamayari, xevsureTi) mosaxleo-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma pavel cici- ba samarTals eZiebda, magram uSedegod. du-
anovma ruseTis imperators warudgina moz- SeTis mazris kapitan-ispravnikTan an mazris
doki-duSeTis gzis SekeTebisa da gamagrebis sasamarTloSi misul momCivans abuCad ig-
proeqti. proeqtis savaraudo Rirebuleba debdnen da kidev ufro amcirebdnen. saqarT-
200.000 vercxlis maneTi iyo. aleqsandr I-ma velos mTavarsardalTan calkeuli rusi samx-
cicianovis proeqti daamtkica. saqarTvelos edro da samoqalaqo moxelis usamarTlobisa
samxedro gzis mSeneblobaze yovelwliurad da Zalmomreobis Taobaze Sesuli saCivrebi
seriozuli Tanxa unda gamoyofiliyo. gzis umetes SemTxvevaSi reagirebis gareSe rCebo-
aRdgena da gamagreba Zalze Zviri jdeboda. da. Tu vinme mainc daisjeboda, mis nacvlad
gadawyda mSeneblobaze gamoeyenebinaT adgil- kidev ufro uxeSi da usamarTlo iniSneboda;
obrivi mosaxleoba da rusi jariskacebi. samx- 6. 1804 wels, ruseT-iranis omis dawyebis
edro gzis mSeneblobaSi monawileoba mZime Semdeg, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis
tvirTad daawva gzis orive mxares mdebare mosaxleobis mdgomareoba kidev ufro gau-
qarTuli da osuri soflebis mosaxleobas; aresda. iranis winaaRmdeg omisaTvis pavel
2. gzis mSeneblobaSi monawileobis gar- cicianovs sakmarisi jari ar hyavda. evropaSi
da, qarTvelebs samxedro gzis dasacavad daZabuli viTarebis gamo ruseTs samxreT ka-
daarsebuli saguSagoebi xangrZlivi zamTris vkasiaSi jarebis raodenobis gazrda ar See-
ganmavlobaSi SeSiT unda uzrunveleyoT. Zlo. cicianovma gadawyvita adgilobrivi
saqarTvelos samxedro gzaze mimavali cxeno- mosaxleobisagan saxalxo laSqari Seekriba
sani jarisaTvis soflebis mosaxleobas unda da igi iranis winaaRmdeg omSi gamoeyenebina.
miewodebina Tiva, samxedro tvirTis gadasa- 1804 wlis maisSi cicianovi erevnis saxanoze
144
vaxtang guruli
salaSqrod emzadeboda. misi brZanebiT arag- baze miiwvia. Sekrebas daeswro kaxeli Tavadi
vis xeobaSi saxalxo laSqris Sekreba unda gorjasp naTaliSvili.
naTaliSvili. malxaz andronikaS-
dawyebuliyo. am brZanebiT cicianovma cecx- vilma da gorjasp naTaliSvilma solomon
lze navTi daasxa. saxalxo laSqris Sekrebis amirejibs acnobes, rom isini imereTSi myo-
brZanebas mosaxleobis mxridan sayovelTao fi batoniSvilebis iulon erekles Zisa da
ukmayofileba, xolo Semdeg ajanyebis dawyeba farnavaz erekles Zis saxeliT moqmedebdnen.
mohyva. solomon amirejibi batoniSvilebis weril-
ai, am mizezebma ganapiroba 1804 wels aR- iT Tavad solomon da tetia TarxniSvilebs
mosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi ajanyebis unda swveoda. malxaz andronikaSvilma solo-
dawyeba. mon amirejibs cxeni misca da Tavad TarxniS-
rusi samxedro da samoqalaqo moxeleebi vilebis mamulisaken gaistumra. Tavadebs lu-
da is qarTveli moxeleebi, romlebic erTgu- arsab amirejibs, solomon TarxniSvils, revaz
lad emsaxurebodnen ruseTs, ver xvdebod- TarxniSvils, tetia TarxniSvils da giorgi
nen, rom erT dRes mosaxleobis moTminebis amilaxvars iulon da farnavaz batoniSvile-
fiala aivseboda da gaborotebuli adamian- bi rusebis winaaRmdeg ajanyebaSi daxmarebas
ebis risxva maT daatydebodaT Tavs. ai, erTi sTxovdnen da Tanac afrTxilebdnen, rom
damaxasiaTebeli magaliTi rusi moxelis ara- yovelive saidumlod unda yofiliyo dacu-
adamianuri saqcielisa. ruseTis samsaxurSi li. solomon amirejibma dakisrebuli misia
myofi qarTveli Tavadi solomon erisTavi Seasrula da imave dRes dedaberas mTaze da-
ase aRgviwers sofel JamurSi momxdar ambavs: brunda. malxaz andronikaSvilma solomon
1804 wlis 27 marts sofel JamurSi ananuri- amirejibi maSinve batoniSvilebis weriliT
dan avida kapitan-ispravniki, osebi gabawra giorgi amilaxvarTan da Teimuraz muxranba-
da ZaRlebisaTvis gankuTvnil gobSi Casxmuli tonTan, xolo misi biZaSvili aslan amirejibi
salafavi ZaliT aWama. salafavi kapitan-ip- Tavad maCablebTan da xerxeuliZeebTan gag-
ravnikma Semdegnairad moamzada: gobSi Caasxa zavna. davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg solo-
Srati (rZidan yvelis amoyvanis Semdeg dar- mon amirejibi giorgi amilaxvarTan erTad
Cenili siTxe), SratSi Cayara danawevrebuli sofel axrisSi gadavida. meore dRes axrisSi
katis xorci da yovelive es adamianis ganav- mividnen Tavadebi ioseb bebuTiSvili,
bebuTiSvili, sulxan
liT Seazava. gacofebuli rusi moxele amasac TumaniSvili,, daviT jimSeriSvili,
TumaniSvili jimSeriSvili, zaqaria
ar dasjerda, osebs 8 saxli gadauwva, sadac TumaniSvili,, birTvel TumaniSvili da cota
TumaniSvili
daiwva 300 kodi qeri. gaborotebulma osebma mogvianebiT _ Teimuraz muxranbatoni.
muxranbatoni. sadi-
kapitan-ispravniki niCbebiT aCexes. lis Semdeg Tavadebi da Teimuraz muxranba-
rusebi Wkuas ver moegnen mas Semdegac ki, toni sofel xelTubanSi gadavidnen. Sin da-
rac ukmayofileba da mRelvareba ajanyebaSi brunebuli solomon amirejibi kazakTa razm-
gadaizarda. ma daapatimra. patimari saqarTvelos mTa-
2. mzadeba ajanyebisaTvis. zemoT aRvniS- varsardlis moTxovniT TbilisSi gadaiyvanes
neT, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba da da cixeSi Casves. sami dRis Semdeg solomon
rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba warmoad- amirejibi cixidan gaiqca da imereTSi gadavi-
genda 1804 wels aRmosavleT saqarTvelos da, sadac mas qarTlidan dabrunebuli malxaz
mTianeTSi dawyebuli ajanyebis umTavres andronikaSvili daxvda. solomon amirejibis
mizezs. isic cxadia, rom ajanyeba am umTavre- quTaisSi Casvlis Semdeg iulon da farnavaz
si da zogadi mizezis garda, sxva konkretul- batoniSvilebs iranidan batoniSvil aleqsan-
ma mizezebmac ganapiroba. axla unda SevexoT dre erekles Zis xeliT gamogzavnili iranis
kidev erT sakiTxs _ qarTveli batoniSvilebis Sah feThi ali werili miuRiaT. aleqsandre
rols 1804 wlis ajanyebis momzadebasa da mo- batoniSvili Zmebs atyobinebda, rom irani
saxleobis darazmvaSi 1803 welsa da 1804 wlis saqarTveloSi SemosaWrelad jars amzadebda,
dasawyisSi. ai, ramdenime magaliTi qarTveli raTa aq myofi ruseTis jarebi gaenadgure-
batoniSvilebis moRvaweobidan: bina. aleqsandre Zmebs sTxovda qarTlis Ta-
1. 1803 wlis oqtomberSi qarTleli Ta- vadebi ruseTis jaris winaaRmdeg brZolisaT-
vadi solomon amirejibi kaxelma Tavadma vis moemzadebina. TavadebisaTvis gadasacemad
malxaz andronikaSvilma qarTlSi, WeraTxevis aleqsandre batoniSvils 20 werili gamougza-
xeobaSi, dedaberas mTaze, saidumlo Sekre- vnia;
145
2. 1803 wels imereTSi gadasul iulon da velodan ruseTis jaris gandevnas gegmavdnen.
farnavaz batoniSvilebTan erTad quTaisSi farnavaz batoniSvilTan quTaisSi myofi
cxovrobda aznauri Teodosi xirseli.
xirseli. misi aznauri giorgi saakaZe sityva-sityviT adas-
quTaisSi yofnis dros iulon da farnavaz ba- turebs solomon amirejibis, feodosi xirse-
toniSvilebma aleqsandre batoniSvilis wer- lis, giorgi qarumiZisa da glaxa abeliSvilis
ilebi miiRes. Tavis mxriv, batoniSvilebma naambobs.
werilebi misweres qarTlisa da kaxeTis Ta- zemoT motanili masala ueWvelad adas-
vadebs. Teodosi xirselma werilebis adre- turebs, rom 1802 wlis kaxeTis politikuri
satebidan mxolod ramdenimes vinaoba icoda. gamosvlis damarcxebis Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis
eseni iyvnen Tavadebi: luarsab maCabeli,
maCabeli, le- samefo saxlis warmomadgenlebs, iulon, ale-
van abaSiZe da tetia TarxniSvili.
TarxniSvili. 1803 wlis qsandre da farnavaz batoniSvilebs, brZola
Semodgomaze quTaisSi iulon da farnavaz ba- ar SeuwyvetiaT,metic, farulad aqtiurad
toniSvilebTan qarTlidan Cavida xuTi Tava- moqmedebdnen da yovel Rones xmarobdnen ru-
di: revaz TarxniSvili, luarsab TarxniSvili,
TarxniSvili, seTis winaaRmdeg ajanyebis organizebisaTvis.
aslan amirejibi, solomon amirejibi da tetia 3.. qarTlisa da kaxeTis Tavadebis
TarxniSvili.. es ukanaskneli quTaisSi darCa,
TarxniSvili damokidebuleba ajanyebis ideisadmi. kaxeli
raTa batoniSvilebi iranSi gadaeyvana. ale- Tavadebis absoluturi umravlesoba ajanyebis
qsandre batoniSvilma Zmebs samgzavro Tanxa ideas uWerda mxars, maT Soris iseTebic, rom-
ver gamougzavna, amitom maTi iranSi wasvla lebic ruseTis samxedro an samoqalaqo sam-
gadaido. 1803 wels quTaisidan regularulad saxurSi imyofebodnen. qarTlis Tavadebis
igzavnebodnen Sikrikebi qarTlsa da kaxeTSi. mxolod nawili iyo ajanyebis ideis momxre.
3. aznauri giorgi qarumiZe iulon da qarTlSi, kaxeTTan SedarebiT, batoniSvilebs
farnavaz batoniSvilebs quTaisSi Tavidanve naklebi momxre hyavdaT da es moulodneli ar
gahyva da maTTan erTad cxovrobda mudmivad. iyo. qarTlis Tavadebi jer kidev erekle II-is
giorgi qarumiZe mowme iyo imisa, rom 1804 sicocxleSi sajarod acxadebdnen, rom qar-
wlis ivnisis damdegs batoniSvilebTan saTaT- Tlis taxti kaxeTis bagrationebs ukanonod
birod Casuli Tavadebi tetia TarxniSvili
TarxniSvili,, hqondaT mitacebuli. ruseTSi gadaxvewili
luarsab maCabeli, levan abaSiZe, gorjasp na- muxraneli bagrationebis qarTlSi dabruneba
TaliSvili da grigol naTaliSvili quTaisi- SeuZlebeli gaxda, magram qarTlis Tavadebi
dan qarTlSi gadavidnen, cota xans qarelTan Seqmnil viTarebas ar Serigebian da erekle II-
tyeSi SeCerdnen da Semdeg aragvis xeobaSi gais winaaRmdeg brZolas agrZelebdnen. swored
dasvlas Seecadnen. giorgi qarumiZe irwmune- amis gamoxatuleba iyo is, rom qarTlis Ta-
boda, rom Tavadebis nawili aragvis xeobaSi vadebis mniSvnelovanma nawilma iulon da
unda darCeniliyo. farnavaz batoniSvilebs mxari ar dauWira.
4. aznauri glaxa abeliSvili Tavidanve ruseTis saimperatoro kars erTgulad emsax-
gahyva aleqsandre batoniSvils imereTSi, urebodnen aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebi da es
xolo misi iranSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg iulon erTguleba maT 1804 wlis ajanyebis drosac
da farnavaz batoniSvilebTan erTad darCa daadastures.. Tu rogor damokidebulebaSi
daadastures
quTaisSi. glaxa abeliSvilis cnobiT, 1803 iyvnen erT dros erekle II-is mier dasjili
wlis zafxulSi iulon da farnavaz batoniS- aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebis STamomavlebi
vilebma werili gaugzavnes osmaleTis sul- ruseTis winaaRmdeg qarTl-kaxeTis samefo
Tans da qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis aRdgenasa saxlis wevrebis brZolis mimarT, kargad Cans
da iulon batoniSvilis gamefebaSi daxmare- qvemoT moyvanil dokumentSi.
ba sTxoves. batoniSvilebi mudmiv kavSirSi 1804 wlis 14 maiss cimbiridan, irtiSis mx-
iyvnen qarTlis TavadebTan: ioane orbelian- aris ust-kamenogorskis simagridan, general-
Tan, giorgi amilaxvarTan
amilaxvarTan,, aseve maCablebTan
maCablebTan,, leitenant Tavad erisTavis qvrivma mariamma
TarxniSvilebTan, xerxeuliZeebTan. quTaisSi werili gaugzavna saqarTvelos mTavarsardal
batoniSvilebTan xSirad Cadiodnen Tavadebi: pavel cicianovs. erisTavis qvrivi cicianovs
tetia TarxniSvili, levan abaSiZe, aslan amire- swerda: Cemma meuRlem, general-leitenantma
jibi, luarsab TarxniSvili, revaz TarxniS- erisTavma, TxovniT mimarTa ruseTis imperiis
vili.. glaxa abeliSvili adasturebs, rom ba-
vili Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs viqtor koCubeis,
toniSvilebi iranisa da lekTa jariT saqarT- raTa es ukanaskneli daxmareboda qarTl-kaxe-
146
vaxtang guruli
Tis mefe erekle II-is mier CamorTmeuli arag- Tad bolomde ebrZodnen aragvis erisTavebi:
vis saerisTaos dabrunebaSi. mariam erisTavs Tornike,, SanSe da elizbari
Tornike elizbari;; qsnis erisTavebi:
kCubeisaTvis isic ucnobebia, rom gauqmebuli mixeili, mirmanozi da solomoni
solomoni.. Tornike eri-
aragvis saerisTaos samflobeloebi qarTl- sTavs maioris samxedro wodeba hqonda, SanSe
kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebs aqvT naboZe- da mixeil erisTavebs _ podpolkovnikisa.
bio. mariam erisTavi miiCnevda, rom misi qmari unda aRiniSnos, rom ruseTis jaris erevanze
iyo aragvis saerisTaos kanonieri mflobeli. laSqrobis gamo pavel cicianovma da misma xe-
werilidan irkveva, rom general-leitenenti lqveiTebma ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg mxolod
erisTavi 43 wlis samxedro samsaxuris Semdeg 400-500 oficrisa da jariskacis mobilizeba
1804 wlis 24 ianvars gardacvlila. generals SeZles, maSin, rodesac qsnis xeobis soflebi-
oTxi mcirewlovani Svili darCenia, romelTa dan erisTavebma ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg 1.500
rCena, aRzrda da ganaTlebis micema dedas kaci gamoiyvanes. qarTlis Tavadebidan rusebs
xelmokleobis gamo ar SeeZlo. mariam eri- erTgulad emsaxurebodnen: general-maiori
sTavi cicianovs arwmunebda, rom generlis dimitri orbeliani,
orbeliani, zurab orbeliani
orbeliani,, ioseb
ufrosi vaJi, romelic imxanad 12 wlisa iyo, meliqiSvili,, Teimuraz muxranbatoni, luars-
meliqiSvili
aragvis saerisTaos erTaderTi kanonieri mem- ab sumbaTaSvili, petre orbeliani. imereTi-
kvidre iyo. Semdeg mariam erisTavi cicianovs dan qarTlSi gadmosulma iulon da farnavaz
aragvis erisTavTa saxlis warsuls acnobda: batoniSvilebma 1804 wlis 18 ivniss werili
1724 wels vaxtang VI-s ruseTSi gahyolia gaugzavnes giorgi amilaxvars.
amilaxvars. batoniSvileb-
general-leitenant erisTavis mama Tavadi dama mas acnobes, rom imereTidan qarTlSi gad-
viT erisTavi
erisTavi,, romelic aragvis saerisTaos movidnen, magram mtkvris marjvena napirze
erTaderTi kanonieri mflobeli iyo. daviT gadasvla ver moaxerxes da isev imereTisaken
erisTavis Svili, mariamis meuRle, ruseTis gaemarTnen. batoniSvilebma giorgi amilax-
imperatoris samsaxurSi Sesula da 43 weli vars TavianTi samoqmedo gegma gaacvnes, rac
umsaxuria. mariam erisTavi agrZelebs: nadir- imis mauwuebelia, rom isini uaxloes da san-
Sahis mier qarTl-kaxeTidan osmalebis gan- do adamianad Tvlidnen mas. batoniSvilebma
devnis Semdeg Sahma qarTlis taxti kaxeTis giorgi amilaxvars sTxoves, mtkvris marjvena
samefo saxlis warmomadgenel Teimurazs napirze (sacicianoSi) gadasvlaSi daxmarebo-
uboZa, aragvis saerisTaoc qarTlTan erTad da maT. daxmarebis nacvlad giorgi amilax-
Teimuraz II-s ergo. nadir-Sahis gardacva- varma 1804 wlis 21 ivniss werili gaugzavna
lebis Semdeg Teimuraz II Zalis gamoyenebiT saqarTvelos mmarTvel dimitri volkonskis,
volkonskis,
inarCunebda aragvis saerisTaos, romelic 500 werils Tan daurTo batoniSvilebis 1804
wlis ganmavlobaSi aragvis erisTavTa sagva- wlis 18 ivnisis werilis rusuli Targmani.
reulos ekuTvnoda. erisTavis qvrivi saqarT- giorgi amilaxvarma volkonskis acnoba ba-
velos mTavarsardals imasac acnobebda, rom toniSvilebis moZraobis savaraudo marSruti
Teimurazis gardacvalebis Semdeg aragvis da Tanac daaimeda, rom yornisisaken mimaval
saerisTaoSi erekle mefem Tavis Svilebs sau- batoniSvilebs elizbar erisTavis daxmarebiT
fliswulo mamulebi gamouyo. Semdeg werilSi xurvaleTTan Sevipyrobo. moRalate Tavadi
vkiTxulobT: general-leitenantma erisTavma volkonskis sTxovda, 100 vercxlis maneTi
Tavisi kanonieri ufleba aragvis saerisTaoze momaSvele, yorniseli osebi rom movisyidoo.
ver daibruna, radgan mudmivad ruseTSi msax- ufro didi Ralati Caidina Tavadma iagor
urobda. saqarTveloSi imyofeboda erTad- amirejibma.. man ruseTis jari tyeSi mZinare
amirejibma
erTi kanonieri memkvidre beJan erisTavi.
erisTavi. mas batoniSvilebs, iulonsa da farnavazs, Ral-
Semdeg, rac erekle II-m qarTlis taxti miita- atiT daayena Tavze. iuloni sikvdils Zlivs
ca, beJan erisTavis brZolam saerisTaos aRd- gadaurCa, igi rusebma Seipyres. rusebis ty-
genisaTvis azri dakarga. mariam erisTavi pav- veobas gadarCenili farnavaz batoniSvili
el cicianovs saerisTaos aRdgenas sTxovda. mogvianebiT ruseTis jaris samsaxurSi myof-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis mimarT ma Tavadma Tamaz orbelianma Seipyro. Tamaz
boRmam da zizRma aragvisa da qsnis erisTave- orbeliani imereTis dedofal anas Zma da
bi samSoblos Ralatamde miiyvana. 1804 wlis farnavaz batoniSvilis axlo naTesavi iyo. qa-
ajanyebis CaxSobaSi ruseTs didi samsaxuri rTlis Tavadebis nawils ajanyebulTa winaaR-
gauwies da qarTvelebs ruseTis jarTan er- mdeg iaraRiT xelSi ar ubrZolia, magram sxva
147
mxriv Caidines miutevebeli Ralati. Tavadeb- rodesac Tqveni imperatorobiTi udidebule-

ma ivane orbelianma da giorgi amilaxvarma,
amilaxvarma, sobis wyalobiT daubrundaT maT 4.000 komli
aseve, Tavadebma muxranbatonTa, maCabelTa, xe- glexi da mamuli, romelic mefeebma (igulisx-
rxeuliZeTa da TarxniSvilebis sagvareuloe- meba Teimuraz II da erekle II _ v. g.) Camo-
bidan iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebs Seu- arTves. warmosadgenadac ki Znelia, rom eri-
Tvales: Tu sakmao jari geyolebaT rusebis sTavni ase umadurni aRmoCndebian. erisTavebi
winaaRmdeg, mxolod maSin dagexmarebiTo. erTaderTi gvaria, romelsac iseve vendobi,
qarTlis Tavadebis nawili meryeobda, rogorc rusebs. maTi gadasaxleba ruseTSi
dros eloda. Tu ajanyeba daiwyeboda da igi vnebas moutans saqarTvelos, radgan mTeli
qarTvelTa gamarjvebebiT warimarTeboda, qarTli am sagvareulos ndobiT uyurebs“.
cxadia, qarTlel TavadTa meryeobas bolo amrigad, ajanyebis idea kaxeTisa da qarT-
moeReboda da isinic ajanyebas SeuerTdebod- lis masStabiTac ki ver gaxda sayovelTao. Ta-
nen. qarTlSi iyvnen iseTi Tavdebic, romle- vidanve cxadi iyo, rom qarTlis Tavadebis didi
bic nebismier viTarebaSi ruseTis erTgulebi nawili ajanyebas mxars ar dauWerda, nawili
darCebodnen da ajanyebas arasgziT ar miemxro- meryeobas daiwyebda, xolo nawili ajanyebaSi
bodnen. pirvel rigSi, es iTqmis aragvisa da Caebmeboda..
Caebmeboda
qsnis erisTavebis sagvareuloebze. movitanT 4. ajanyebis dasawyisi. aragvis xeobis mo-
erTi saintereso dokumentis Sinaarss. ru- saxleobis moTminebas bolo mouRo pavel ci-
seTSi gadasaxlebuli qarTl-kaxeTis taxtis cianovis brZanebam saxalxo laSqris Sekrebisa
memkvidre daviT batoniSvili male darwmunda misi erevnis saxanoSi sabrZolvelad gagza-
da, rom mefe veRarasdros gaxdeboda. ga- vnis Sesaxeb. 1804 wlis 8 maiss ananuris maz-
borotebulma batoniSvilma werili gaugza- ris marSali, Tavadi maiori Tornike erisTavi
vna ruseTis xelisuflebas, romelSic CamoT- jer kidev TbilisSi myof cicianovs moax-
vala bevri adamiani, romlebic, misi azriT, senebda: Tqveni brZanebis Tanaxmad, ananurSi
xels uSlidnen qarTl-kaxeTis dawynarebas. cxenosani da qveiTi jari Sevkribe, sofel
praqtikulad, daviT batoniSvilma daasaxela kaiSaurSi davbanakdi, raTa xevSi jaris Sekre-
ruseTis mowinaaRmdege, ruseTisaTvis saba gamegrZelebinao. sofel almasianSi misul
SiSi sxvadasxva wodebis warmomadgenlebi. am Tornike erisTavs sagangaSo ambavi Seutyvia.
siaSi moxvda podpolkovniki SanSe erisTavi sagangaSo ambavi ki is iyo, rom xevSi jaris
da mirmanoz erisTavi.
erisTavi. daviT batoniSvilis Sekrebis mizniT gagzavnili moxeleebi mox-
mier miwodebuli sia ruseTis Sinagan saqme- eveebs lamis dauxocavT. Tornike erisTavs
Ta ministris moadgilem adam Cartoriskim viTarebis gasarkvevad xevSi ori aznauri,
saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel cicianovs faremuz WilaZe da beJan kobiaSvili
kobiaSvili,, gaugza-
gamougzavna da siaSi moxsenebulebze Tvaly- vnia. moxeveebs maTTvis aseTi pasuxi gauciaT:
uris devneba daavala. amis Semdeg Sinagan xevSi ver SegiSvebT da jaris Sekrebis ufle-
saqmeTa ministrma viqtor koCubeim cicianovs bas ver mocgemTo. uarTan erTad moxeveebs
moswera: Tqveni azri SegvatyobineT daviT SemouTvliaT: sofel kaiSaurSi da sofel
batoniSvilis siaSi moxseniebulTa Sesaxebo. cixisZirSi,, aseve ananurSi ganlagebul rusebs
cixisZirSi
cicianovma isini sam jgufad dayo: pirvel gavwyvetTo. Tornike erisTavis moxsenebaSi
jgufSi Semavalni ruseTisaTvis saSiSad mi- aRniSnulia, rom moxeveebis muqaris Semdeg
iCnia, meore jgufSi SemavalT saqarTvelos jaris SekrebisaTvis gagzavnilebi gaqceulan
mTavrsardali aseve saSiSad miiCnevda, magram da ramdenime moxelesTan erTad sofel ste-
iqve aRniSnavda, maT aranairi vnebis motana ar fanwmindisaTvis SeufarebiaT Tavi. Tornike
SeuZliaTo. mesame jgufSi pavel cicianovma erisTavTan mxolod ramdenime aznauri darCe-
isini gaaerTiana, romlebic ruseTis imperato- nila. Tornike erisTavs imedi hqonia, rom mas
ris erTgulebiT gamoirCeodnen.
gamoirCeodnen. mesame jguf- daicavda maiori gabriel yazbegi, romelic
Si moxvdnen aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebic. xevSi didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda.
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ruseTis impera- Tornike erisTavis 1804 wlis 8 maisis
tors swerda: èrisTavni imdenad erTgulni moxsenebis Semdeg pavel cicianovisaTvis
arian, ramdenadac me SemiZlia Tavi moviwono cxadi gaxda, rom moxeveebma ajanyeba daiwyes.
Cemi erTgulebiT. an ki ra mosafiqrebelia, cicianovs mTiuleTsa da xevSi regularuli
rom erisTavebis gulSi Ralatma daibudos, jaris seriozuli raodenobis gagzavnis sa-
148
vaxtang guruli
Sualeba ar hqonda, radgan erevnis saxanoze ivniss maiori mella ruseTis qveiTi jaris
salaSqrod gamzadebuls jari isedac ar hyof- 1 batalioniT da 1 mZime zarbazniT stefan-
nida. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals 1804 wlis wmindisaken daiZra; 1 ivniss kobSi qsnis xeo-
maisis dasasrulisaTvis Tavis gankargulebaSi baSi Sekrebili jariT (612 mebrZoliT) SanSe
hyavda qveiTi jaris 3.421 jariskaci da ofi- erisTavi Cavida; Tornike erisTavma aragvis
ceri, 400 cxenosani, 440 doneli kazaki, 300 xeobaSi Sekrebili jari kaiSaurTan dato-
cxenosani qarTveli Tavadi da aznauri, sul va da 1 ivniss RamiT farulad Cavida kobSi,
4.561 qveiTi da cxenosani. es jari Tbilisis raTa jaris Sekreba gaegrZelebina; SanSe da
maxloblad soRanluRSi iyrida Tavs. jer elizbar erisTavebma kaiSauridan da kobidan
kidev TbilisSi myof salaSqrod gamzadebul molaparakeba daiwyes ajanyebul mTiulebTan,
cicianovs ambavi miuvida, rom mdinare arezis maT imedi hqondaT, rom saqme brZolis gareSe
sanapiroze iranis didi laSqari ikribeboda dasruldeboda. moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom
da dRe-dReze erevnis saxanoSi SeWras apir- 1804 wlis 2 ivniss elizbar erisTavma aragvis
ebda. 1804 wlis ivnisis damdegs cicianovi erisTavTa aznaurebi faremuz WilaZe da beJan
soRanluRidan erevnisaken daiZra. mZime md- kobiaSvili ajanyebul moxeveebTan gagzavna
gomareobaSi Cavardnilma saqarTvelos mTa- mosalaparakeblad. elizbar erisTavs surda
varsardalma ajanyebis CaxSoba aragvisa da gaego: moxeveebi TviTon ajanydnen Tu sxva
qsnis erisTavebs daavala. erisTavebs mTiu- vinme aqezebdaT. elizbar erisTavma moxeveebs
leTsa da xevSi didi avtoriteti hqondaT, isic SeuTvala, rom Tu ar dawynardebodnen,
maT pativs scemdnen aragvisa da qsnis xeobis dedabudianad gaJletda. moxeveebma elizbar
osebic. radgan cicianovs qsnisa da aragvis erisTavs ajanyebis mizezi ase ganumartes:
erisTavebisaTvis ruseTis regularuli ja- rusebma metismetad Segvawuxes, uzomod
ris mxolod mcire nawilis gamoyofa SeeZlo, dagvbegres da metis moTmenas aRar vapirebTo.
vapirebTo.
erisTavebi iZulebulni gaxdnen mTiuleTsa moxeveebma ruseTis erTgul msaxurs aseve ac-
da xevSi ajanyeba TavianTi aznaurebiTa da nobes, rom ruseTidan saqarTveloSi momaval
glexebis ZalebiT CaexSoT. es ki imas niSnavda, jars xevze aRar gaatarebdnen. sagulisxmoa
rom aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebma ZmaTamkvle- isic, rom ajanyebul moxeveebs ar daumalavT
li omi wamoiwyes. da elizbar erisTavs SeuTvales: saSvelad
pavel cicianovi erisTavebs bolomde moviwvieT TuSebi, fSavlebi da xevsurebi,
endoboda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma mociqulni gavgzavneT osebTan da imereTSi
Tornike erisTavs aseTi brZaneba gaugzavna: myof iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebTano.
`maxviliT
maxviliT akafeT, lukma-lukma aCexeT da aku- elizbar erisTavis azriT, ajanyebulebs le-
weT meamboxeni. nu daindobT, nu SeibralebT van nazRaiZe da vinme samuka winamZRolobdnen.
mag avazakebsa da barbarosebs. cecxliT SanSe da elizbar erisTavebi darwmund-
gadaubugeT saxl-kari, brZolis dros Tqven- nen, rom ajanyebul moxeveebTan molaparake-
gan gansdevneT Sebralebisa da Sewyalebis bas azri ar hqonda. Seiqmna Zalze saSiSi vi-
yovelgvari azri“. Tornike erisTavTan er- Tareba: moxeveebi saqarTvelos samxedro gzas
Tad am brZanebis Sesruleba evalebodaT: ketavdnen, iranTan mimdinare omis pirobebSi
elizbar erisTavs, SanSe erisTavsa da mixeil ki gzaze jarisa da samxedro tvirTis moZrao-
erisTavs.. erisTavebi mudmiv kavSirSi imyofe-
erisTavs bis didi xniT Seferxeba Zalze saSiSi iyo.
bodnen saqarTvelos mmarTvel dimitri vol- ufro metic, moxeveebma samxedro gza Zlier
konskisTan. ajanyebulebis mier SeSinebulni daazianes, romlis aRdgenasac didi dro da
saqarTvelos mmarTvels swerdnen: ruseTis saxsrebi dasWirdeboda. male mTeli gza anan-
jari mogvaSveleT, radgan Cveni ymebi sandoni uridan kaiSauramde ajanyebulebma daazianes,
ar ariano. xidebi daangries da gzis calkeuli mon-
1804 wlis 3 ivniss stefanwmindidan eliz- akveTebi qviTa da kldis natexebiT Caxerges.
bar erisTavi jer kidev soRanluRis banakSi cxadi gaxda, rom saqarTvelos samxedro gza
myof pavel cicianovs moaxsenebda: 22 maiss didi xniT Caiketa.
ananuris mazris marSali Tornike erisTavi ajanyebuli moxeveebi da mTiulebi
aragvis xeobaSi jaris Sekreba Seudga; 22 mais- fSavelTa, xevsurTa da TuSTa razmebis,
save SanSe erisTavma da mixeil erisTavma qsnis aseve osebis razmis gamoCenas elodnen. rac
xeobidan, iq Sekrebili laSqari gamoixmes; 1 mTavaria, isini imedis TvaliT Sehyurebdnen
149
imereTidan iulon da farnavaz batoniS- gaSo iyo 1804 wlis 5 ivniss ananuris mazris
vilebis Camosvlas, romelTac maTi meTau- kapitan-ispravnikis movaleobis Semsrule-
roba unda ekisraT. ajanyebulebma wm. giorgis blis mier saqarTvelos mmarTvel dimitri
xatze daifices, rom bolo moeRoT ruseTis volkonskisaTvis gagzavnili moxseneba: anan-
batonobisaTvis, Tundac brZolaSi yvelani urTan gamoCnda ajanyebulTa laSqari (4.000
daxociliyvnen. xevisa da mTiuleTis yvela mebrZoli); ananuridan 5 versis moSorebiT
sofeli ajanyebaSi Caeba. ruseTis erTguli ajanyebulebma samxedro gza gadaketes, xolo
darCa stefanwmindis mflobeli, ruseTis 3 versis moSorebiT saguSago Seqmneso. rusi
jaris maiori gabriel yazbegi. igi 300 mebr- oficeri saqarTvelos mmarTvels moaxseneb-
ZoliT Tavis mamulSi idga. da, rom mis gankargulebaSi myofi sevastopo-
samxedro gzis gadaketvas mozdokTan da lis muSketereTa polkis erTi aseuliT (50
TbilisTan safosto kavSiris Sewyveta mohyva. mebrZoli) ajanyebulTaTvis winaaRmdegobis
Tornike, SanSe da mixeil erisTavebis mier gawevas ver SeZlebda. 1804 wlis 5 ivniss anan-
TbilisSi gagzavnili moxsenebebi ajanyeb- uris mazris kapitan-ispravnikis movaleobis
ulTa razmebs uvardebodaT xelSi. TbilisSi Semsrulebelma meore moxsenebac gaugzavna
werilebis Camotana rusma kazakebma da somxeb- volkonskis. moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli iyo: go-
ma ikisres. isini Ram-RamobiT gadaadgilde- ris mazris marSlis, maior Tornike erisTavis
bodnen. ajanyebulTa saguSago razmebma bevri mier mazraSi Sekrebili laSqari kobSi Cavi-
maTgani daxoca, ramdenime kazaki da ori so- da; Seumowmebeli cnobiT ajanyebulebTan
mexi cemiT gamoasalmes sicocxles. SesaerTeblad daZruli fSavisa da xevsure-
1804 wlis 4 ivniss elizbar erisTavma Tis laSqari ukan gabrunebula; erisTavebis
soRanluRis banakSi myof cicianovs moax- ymebis erTi razmi stefanwmindaSi Casula da
sena: kobSi ajanyebul mTiulTa didi razmi iq mdgom sevastopolis muSketerTa polkis
(1.000 mebrZoli) Sevida, romelTac Trusos aseuls SeerTebia.
xeobidan mosuli 100 osi mebrZoli SeuerTda; 1804 wlis mais-ivnisSi ajanyebulebs
maiorma gabriel yazbegma SeZlo, rom ajanye- aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebis laSqarTan da
bul mTiulebs moxeveebi ar SeerTenbodnen; rusis jarTan mxolod mcire Sejaxebebi hqon-
kobSi mTiulebma xelSi Caigdes ruseTis ja- da. 1804 wlis ivnisidan seriozuli brZolebi
ris provianti, rkinisa da tyviis maragi. daiwyo.
Tornike erisTavi bodiSs uxdida cicianovs, 5.. iulon da franaoz batoniSvilebis ga-
rom ramdenjerme sTxova jariT daxmareba, dasvla imereTidan qarTlSi. quTaisSi myo-
radgan aragvis xeobaSi Sekrebili laSqari ar fi iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebi 1804
eimedeboda. wlis gazafxulze mTiuleTsa da xevSi mim-
erevnis saxanoze salaSqrod gamzadebul, dinare movlenebs yuradRebiT adevnebdnen
soRanluRis banakSi myof cicianovs arasasia- Tvals. ajanyebulebma batoniSvilebs qarTl-
movno da SemaSfoTebeli cnobebi misdioda. Si dabruneba da ajanyebis saTaveSi Cadgoma
1804 wlis 4 ivniss saqarTvelos uzenaesi sTxoves. 1804 wlis 3 ivniss iulon da far-
mTavrobis aRmasrulebeli eqspediciis ufro- navaz batoniSvilebma quTaisi datoves da qa-
si saqarTvelos mTavarsardals moaxsenebda: rTlisaken daiZrnen.
ananuris mazris ajanyebuli mTiulebi War- ajanyebamde erTi wliT adre iulon ba-
Tlis,, gudamayrisa da xandos xeobis ajanye-
Tlis toniSvilma kidev erTxel scada saqarTvelos
bulebTan erTad ananurze Tavdasxmas apir- mTavarsardali pavel cicianovi daerwmunebi-
eben; samxedro gza ananuridan kaiSauramde na imaSi, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ukanon-
dazianebuli da bevrgan Caxergilia; gzaze od iqna gauqmebuli da rom samarTlianoba
mimaval kurierebs ajanyebulebi aCereben moiTxovda mefobis aRdgenas. iulonma 1803
da xocaveno. 1804 wlis 5 ivniss goris maz- wlis 16 Tebervals werili gaugzavna cici-
ris ufrosi podpolkovniki mixeil erisTavi anovs, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom qarTl-kax-
pavel cicianovs aseve sagangaSo cnobas awv- eTis samefo gauqmda georgievskis traqtatis
dida: duSeTis komendants 1804 wlis 4 ivniss darRveviT, samefo saxlisa da qarTvelebis
mixeil erisTavisaTvis ucnobebia, rom mazris azri samefos aucileblad SenarCunebis
osuri soflebis mosaxleoba aragvis xeobis Taobaze ucnobi darCa ruseTis imperator
ajanyebulebs mimxrobia. kidev ufro sagan- aleqsandr I-Tvis: `safuZveli ubedurobisa
150
vaxtang guruli
Cvenisa aRSenebul iqmna amas zeda, romeli cicianovma sapasuxo werili gaugzavna iulon
WeSmariteba Cveni da yovlisa saqarTvelosa batoniSvils. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
azri SeerTebuli ver miwevnil iqmna umaRle- batoniSvils peterburgSi gamgzavrebas ur-
sisa karisadmi“. zemoaRniSnulSi batoniSvili Cevda, sadac igi ruseTis imperatorisagan
kavkasiis xazis maSindel mTavarsardal karl did wyalobas miiRebda. 1803 wlis 9 marts
knorings adanaSaulebs: `pirvelad yofasave iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebi pavel ci-
Cvensa saqarTvelosa Sina warvgzavneT arzi cianovisadmi sapasuxo werilSi aRniSnavdnen:
didebulebisa xelmwifisa da misTana mujal- batoniSvilebi daviT giorgis Ze da vaxtang
ama, yovlisa saqarTvelosagan xelmowerili erekles Ze, rogorc damnaSaveni, pativay-
rilebi waiyvanes ruseTSi, ris gamoc Cven ar
vapirebT peterburgSi gamgzavrebaso. 1803
wlis 20 marts cicianovma iulon batoniSvils
miswera: Tqven ruseTSi wasvla ara gsurT, me
ki, rogorc ruseTis imperatoris erTgul
qveSevrdoms, ar SemiZlia fici gavtexo da im-
peratoris gadawyvetilebebi ganvsajoo. (ci-
cianovi gulisxmobda 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris
manifestis gadasinjvas). 1803 wlis 22 marts
cicianovma iulon batoniSvils kidev erTi
werili miswera, romelSic aRniSnulia: Tqven
usamarTlod madanaSaulebT me vaxtang da
daviT batoniSvilebisadmi mkacrad mopyrob-
aSi, isini saqarTvelodan saswrafod imitom
waiyvanes, rom ewinaaRmdegebodnen Cems Txov-
nas ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Taobazeo. cicia-
novi pirobas debda, rom iulon da farnavaz
batoniSvilebs, Tu isini ruseTSi gamgzavre-
bas gadawyvetdnen, Sesaferisi RirsebiT mi-
iRebdnen. cicianovma batoniSvilebi ruseTSi
gamgzavrebaze ver daiTanxma, ramac igi uki-
duresad aRaSfoTa.
iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebi 1804
wlis 3 ivniss, rogorc aRvniSneT, imereTi-
dan qarTlisaken daiZrnen. erevnis saxanoze
iulon batoniSvili salaSqrod mimavali pavel cicianovi jer
kidev saqarTvelos sazRvrebs ar gascile-
memkvidreobisa Cemisa, romelica karl fe- boda, rodesac mas Seatyobines, rom iulon
odoroviCman inspeqtorman dabrkolebul hyo da farnavaz batoniSvilebi imereTidan qar-
igi da ver miwevnil iqmna WeSmariteba Cveni Tlisaken moemarTebodnen, saidanac didi li-
umaRlesisa karisadmi“. iulon batoniSvili axvis, xolo iqidan aragvis xeobaSi apireben
ase mimarTavs cicianovs: èse ars vedreba gadasvlaso. cicianovma saswarfod acnoba
Cveni, keTil-mzrunvelo mamao da ufalo, vi- goris mazris marSal podpolkovnik SanSe eri-
Tarca Tvalman xelmwifisagan gamoiZie ese. sTavs:: didi sifrTxile gamoiCineT, ar dauS-
sTavs
ara ars RaRadeba erisa, arca ganxeTqileba So- vaT batoniSvilebis Semosvla goris mazraSi,
ris Cvensa da yovelni xelismoweriT aRiare- raTa ar dairRves myudroeba da mSvidoba,
ben memkvidreobasa Cemsa. maqvs werili mamisa ar moxdes SfoTi da areuloba. saqarTvelos
mefisagan, Zmisa mefisagan, daviT careviCisa mTavarsardali goris mazris marSals ubr-
da yovelTa ZmaTagan, yovlisa saqarTvelosa Zanebda: werilis miRebisTanave dauyovnebliv
da kaxeTisagan da erTbamaT yovelTa erT- gadadiT didi liaxvis xeobaSi, Tan waiyvaneT
gulebasa Sina imperatorebisa maTisasa gvaqvs Tavadebi revaz da zaza maCablebi da ecadeT
msxverplad saxli Cveni SeuZvrelobisaTvis batoniSvilebi SeipyroTo. cicianovi pirobas
samefosa saxlisa“. 1803 wlis 26 Tebervals iZleoda, rom Tu jerovnad gairjebodnen,
151
revaz da zaza maCablebs imperatori daajil- Sida qarTlSi, sofel yornisSi, unda asuliyo
dovebda. qarTli, aragvis, liaxvisa da qsnis da didi liaxvis xeobaSi SeCerebuliyo; meore
xeobebi cicianovma sam mazrad dayo: qsnis aragvis xeobaSi unda Sesuliyo, saidanac mTi-
xeoba da sakuTriv qarTli podpolkovnik mix- uleTSi gadavidoda. Tu ajanyeba damarcxde-
eil erisTavs Caabara, patara liaxvis xeoba _ boda, Zmebi iranSi aleqsandre batoniSvilTan
elizbar erisTavs,
erisTavs, aragvis xeoba _ Tornike gaixiznebodnen.
erisTavs.. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi isini erT-
erisTavs 1804 wlis 8 ivnissve RamiT iulon da
maneTs unda daxmarebodnen. werilis bolos farnavaz batoniSvilebi Tavad abaSiZeebis
cicianovi ase mimarTavda SanSe erisTavs: eWvi daxmarebiT mtkvris marjvena napirze gadas-
ar mepareba, rom Cems ndobas gaamarTlebT, vlas cdilobdnen, magram ver moaxerxes, isev
radgan, jer erTi, Tqveni gvari ruseTis tax- xeobaSi darCnen da Tavi gogias cixes (dRe-
tis erTgulebiTaa ganTqmuli, meorec, is, vandel borjomSi) Seafares. gogias cixeSi ba-
rom Cemi davalebis Sesruleba Tqvens sam-
Soblos moutans sargeblobaso. saqarTvelos
mTavarsardlis werilma mixeil, elizbar da
Tornike erisTavebi ise gaaTamama, rom araTu
ajanyebulebs, aramed batoniSvilebis erT-
gulebaSi SemCneul qarTlis Tavadebsac aRar
indobdnen. mZime mdgomareobaSi Cacvivdnen
cxramuxeli abaSiZeni, tetia TarxniSvili da
kidev ramdenime qarTleli Tavadi da aznau-
ri. da es maSin, roca imereTidan qarTlisaken
wamosul iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebs
Tan mxolod 55 Tavadi da aznauri axlda.
1804 wlis 3 ivniss quTaisidan gamo-
suli iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebi,
romelTac Tan axldnen iulonis ori Svi-
li, levani da luarsabi
luarsabi,, amalasTan erTad 8
ivniss imereTidan mtkvris xeobaSi gadmovid-
nen. batoniSvilebi mtkvris xeobaSi mdinare
likanis (mtkvris marvxena Senakadi) xeobiT
unda Semosuliyvnen. es batoniSvilebisaT-
vis yvelaze moxerxebuli gza iyo imereTidan
qarTlSi gadmosasvlelad. iyo meore gzac, farnavaz batoniSvili
zemo imereTidan WeraTxevis xeobiT, romelic
sofel alis gavliT dRevandel sofel gom- toniSvilebma sami dRe-Rame gaatares. amaso-
Tan gamodioda. am gziT batoniSvilebi ver baSi abaSiZeebma tivi Sekres, magram mdinareze
isargeblebdnen, radgan gorsa da suramSi ru- gadasvlisas tivi daiSala da gadasvlac ver
seTis jari idga da qarTlis es nawili mud- moxerxda. didi xniT mtkvris xeobaSi darCena
mivad kontroldeboda. iulon da farnavaz suramSi mdgari ruseTis jaris gamo saSiSi
batoniSvilebi mtkvris marjvena napirze gaiyo. batoniSvilebi SiSobdnen, rom rusebi
dasvlas apirebdnen, raTa ciciSvilebis saTa- agenturis wyalobiT maT adgil-samyofels
vados gavliT Tavad TarxniSvilebis mamulSi daagdendnen. amitom iyo, rom batoniSvilebi
misuliyvnen. batoniSvilebma aseTi arCevani gogias cixeSi met xans aRar gaCerebulan.
imitom gaakeTes, rom qarTlis es nawili, mt- iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebma daa-
kvris marjvena mxares mdebare saciciano
saciciano,, sa- pires frones xeobas ahyolodnen, raTa Semdeg
TarxniSvilo da sajavaxiSvilo
sajavaxiSvilo,, ruseTis ja- sofel TiRvasa da sofel yornisis gavliT
ris mier ver kontroldeboda da amave dros daba cxinvalSi Casuliyvnen. cxinvalidan ba-
sruliad Tavisufali iyo qsnisa da aragvis toniSvilebi didi da patara liaxvis saTavee-
erisTavebis gavlenisagan. iulon da farnavaz bisaken apirebdnen wasvlas, saidanac qsnisa da
batoniSvilebis samoqmedo gegma aseTi iyo: aragvis xeobaSi gadavidodnen, raTa rac Sei-
erT-erTi maTgani TarxniSvilebis mamulidan Zleba swrafad mTiuleTSi asuliyvnen. SanSe
152
vaxtang guruli
erisTavi, zaza da revaz maCablebi, giorgi ulufa dauniSna.

amilaxvari TavianT saTavadoebSi Sekrebili batoniSvil iulonis dapatimrebis ambavi
laSqriT da qalaq goris komendanti reihi qarTlsa da kaxeTs uceb moedo. megobrebs
gafacicebiT adevnebdnen Tvalyurs batoniS- Tavzari daecaT, mtrebma gaixares. pavel ci-
vilebis moZraobas. 1804 wlis 24 ivniss sofel cianovi ruseTis imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa min-
abisSi mivida cxinvalidan 40 egeriT wamosu- istr viqtor koCubeis swerda: umagresi da
li Stabs-kapitani novicki
novicki.. imave dRes abisSi miuvali cixe rom ameRo da dameqcia, ise ar
kazakebis razmiT Sevida esauli kondraSevi
kondraSevi.. gamixardeboda, rogorc iulonis Sepyroba.
jaris Tavmoyra batoniSvilebs ar gaugiaT. vidre am aspitebis (samefo saxlis wevrebis _
24 ivniss maT uRran tyeSi gadawyvites Ra- v.g.) Tesli saqarTvelos axlomaxlo iqneba,
mis gaTeva. adgils, sadac batoniSvilebma qarTvelebis Tavqarianobis gamo aq mSvidoba
banaki dasces, sawurblie erqva. es adgili da myudroeba ar Camovardebao. rogorc Cans,
soflebidan didi manZiliT iyo mocilebuli cicianovi imdenad iyo gaxarebuli, rom viq-
da mdevari Znelad ieWvebda, rom iseT uRran tor koCubeis aseT raimes uyveboda: esauli
tyeSi batoniSvilebis banaki iqneboda. iulon kondraSevi ise ibereba da iWimeba, iseTi ki-
da farnavaz batoniSvilebis gadaadgilebas, loTi wers relacias, rom, gegonebaT, swored
rogorc Cans, farulad adevnebda Tvals qa- am kazak oficers an napoleoni daumarcxebia,
rTleli Tavadi iagor amirejibi
amirejibi.. moRalatem an kidev aleqsandre makedoneliviT sparse-
Stabs-kapitan novickisa da esaul kondra- Tis Zveli monarqia daumxia da monarqi col-
Sevis razmebi mZinar batoniSvilebs daayena SviliT tyved wauyvaniao.
Tavze. atyda saSineli xelCarTuli brZola. esaulma kondraSevma saqarTvelos
rusebma moulodnelobiT isargebles da ba- mmarTvel dimitri volkonskis moxseneba mi-
toniSvilebis mZinare amalis nawili daxoces. arTva, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom masa da
qarTvelTagan Sejaxebisas 20 kaci daiRupa, Stabs-kapitan novickis iulon batoniSvilis
maT Soris tetia TarxniSvili da firan Cer- Sepyrobisas gverdidan ar moscilebian Ta-
qeziSvili. rusebs moukles erTi egeri, xolo vadebi iagor amirejibi da nikoloz musxeliS-
erTi kazaki daiWra. egerebma iulon batoniS- vili.. sofel abisSi Casuli SanSe erisTavi ise
vili
vilic kinaRam mokles, cotac da, batoniS- gaxarebuli yofila, rom esaul kondraSevis
vils xiStze aagebdnen, rom Stabs-kapitan moxseneba daudasturebia da abisidanve gaug-
novickis ar ecno igi da misi datyvevebis br- zavnia cicianovisaTvis, romelic imxanad
Zaneba ar gaeca. sikvdilsa da tyveobas gadau- erevnis cixis aRebisaTvis brZolas xelmZR-
rCnen farnavaz batoniSvili da iulonis vaJi vanelobda. cicianovma Tavad SanSe erisTavis
levani. maT sibneliT isargebles da uRran Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze batoniSvil
tyes Seafares Tavi. iulonis Sepyrobis monawileni uxvad daajil-
gabawruli iulon batoniSvili sawur- dova: Stabs-kapitan novickis kapitnis Cini da
bliidan sofel breTSi miiyvanes. breTidan mesame xarisxis jvari eboZa, esaul kondra-
tyvem werili miswera Tavis meuRle salomes: Sevs _ oqros medali, iagor amirejibs _poru-
bedma mimuxTla, rusebma Semipyres, Tqvenc Cikis Cini da misi Sesabamisi jamagiri, egereb-
damorCildiT beds, modiT da erTad avi- sa da kazakebs (sul 100 kaci) _ or-ori maneTi
tanoT ubedurebao. werilis wamRebi iulonis TiToeuls.
erTguli msaxuri aznauri abazaZe arc TviTon iulon batoniSvili erTxans Tbilisis
dabrunebula da arc araviTari pasuxi Seu- cixeSi imyofeboda, 1805 wlis gazafxulze ki
tyobinebia batoniSvilisaTvis. Cans, iulonis ruseTSi gadaasaxles.
meuRlem pasuxis gagzavnisagan Tavi Seikava: farnavaz batoniSvilis gza-kvals ruseb-
qmars uari ver Sehbeda, magram arc rusebis ma karga xans ver miakvlies. man irans Seafara
xelSi Cavardna surda. kondraSevsa da novick- Tavi da roca viTareba odnav ganimuxta, bor-
is lodini mobezrdaT da iulon batoniSvilis Calos gavliT saqarTveloSi dabrunda. 1804
TbilisSi gadayvana daaCqares. Tbilisis cixe- wlis 18 ivliss borCalos distanciis boqau-
Si iulon batoniSvils Cveulebrivi tusaRis lis TanaSemwem praporSCikma qananovma pavel
ulufa, dReSi 25 kapikis sazrdo, dauniSnes. cicianovs moaxsena: farnavaz batoniSvili
pavel cicianovma es gadawyvetileba Secvala demurCasalos maxloblad Sabluxs dgas 600
da batoniSvils dReSi 10 maneTad Rirebuli lekiT da TuSebis, fSavlebis, xevsurebisa da
153
osebis laSqars elodebao. batoniSvils de- meTaurobiT, magram jaris simciris gamo qa-
murCasaloeli TaTrebisaTvis jaris Sesanaxi laqidan gasvlas mainc ver vbedav; 10 kazaki
sursaT-sanovage uTxovia. praporSCiki qana- gavgzavne ananuris Semogarenis dasazverad,
novi imdenad gaTavxedebula, rom moxseneba romelTac macnobes, rom qalaqidan 3 versis
pirdapir erevnis cixesTan mdgari cicianovi- moSorebiT gza yvelgan gadaketilia, marTa-
saTvis gaugzavnia da Tan moxsenebis bolos lia, ajanyebulebma kazakebs srola autexes,
rCevac ukiTxavs generlisaTvis: 8 leki myavs magram aravin dazaralebula; ajanyebulebma
tyved, Tu maT gavaTavisufleb, mpirdebian sofel cixisZiridan ori kaci gamogzavnes da
farnavaz batoniSvils xel-fexSekruls mog- SemomiTvales, rom Tu jarTan erTad anan-
gvriT, ar vici, gavcvalo Tu ara lekebi ba- urs ar davtovebdi, dResve RamiT qalaqs
toniSvilSio. etyoba, cicianovi seriozulad Tavs daesxmodnen; ajanyebulebs SeuerTd-
gaabraza praporSCikis Tavxedobam da pasuxad nen fSavidan da xevsureTidan mosuli mebr-
aseTi ram moswera: me raRas mekiTxebi, aiRe Zolebi. ananuris komendanti dawvrilebiT
da gacvale lekebi batoniSvilzeo. Tanac gadmogvcems moxeveTa mier 1804 wlis 4 ivniss
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali qananovs afrTx- kaiSauris kazakTa saguSagos ganadgurebis
ilebda, lekebma ar mogatyuono. cxadia, qana- ambavs. moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom kaiSau-
novi eSmakobda, magram is ki veRar gaTvala, ris kazakTa saguSagoze samsaxurs 17 kazaki
rom cicianovs ver gaacurebda: praporSCik eweoda. ajanyebulebs 15 maTgani dauxocavT,
qananovs misdami daqvemdebarebuli mcire gadarCenilebidan erTs _ vlas borisovs 4
razmiT farnavaz batoniSvili rogor unda ivniss, Ramis 11 saaTze, perangis amara miuR-
Seepyro, Tu mas 600 leki icavda, an ajanye- wevia ananurisaTvis, xolo meore, sava nexle-
buli TuSebi, fSavlebi da xevsurebi rogor baevi, sruliad SiSveli naSuaRamevis 2 saaTze
unda Casuliyvnen borCaloSi, ruseT-iranis misula ananurSi. ananuris komendanti vol-
omis frontispira raionSi! ase Tu ise, qa- konskis sTxovda damatebiTi jaris gagzavnas.
nanovma farnavaz batoniSvili ver Seipyro. podpolkovnik mixeil erisTavs maior poka-
rogorc Cans, mas arc batoniSvili da arc taevisaTvis ucnobinebia, rom kaiSauris sa-
600 leki TvaliT ar unaxavs. qananovma albaT guSagos damrbevi ajanyebulebis dasasjelad
saidanRac Seityo, rom iranidan momavalma daZrula.
batoniSvilma mtkvari demurCasalos foniT 1804 wlis 6 ivniss, uSualod erevnis
gadalaxa da gaurkveveli mimarTulebiT saxanos winaaRmdeg laSqrobis dawyebis win,
gauCinarda. farnavaz batoniSvils arc 600 dimitri volkonskim soRanluRis banakSi
leki eyoleboda, esec qananovis Tavis maar- myof pavel cicianovs moxseneba gaugzavna.
Tlebis mizniT SeTxzuls hgavs, veravin mis- moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia: ajanyeba sul ufro
ayvedurebs, batoniSvili rogor dagisxlta Zlierdeba, gadavwyvite ananurSi gamgzavreba,
xelidano. general-maior fiodor talizins vubrZane
1804 wlis 10 seqtembers farnavaz ba- Tbilisidan ananurisaken daiZraso. 7 ivniss
toniSvili kaxeTSi Cavida, saidanac jer anan- pavel cicianovma podpolkovnik mixeil eri-
urSi,, xolo Semdeg mTiuleTSi
urSi mTiuleTSi,, aqedan ki xe- sTavisagan kidev ufro sagangaSo cnoba miiRo,
vSi avida da ajanyebulebs SeuerTda. rom xevsurebi, fSavlebi da TuSebi ajanyebu-
lebs SeerTebodnen. 1804 wlis 7 ivniss vol-
konski cicianovs mis mier dasaxul gegmas ac-
§2. ajanyebis msvleloba 1804 wlis zafxulsa da nobda: ananuris garSemo viTarebis dawynareba
Semodgomaze general-maior dimitri orbelians hqonda
1. brZolebi ajanyebulebsa da ruseTis davalebuli; ruseTis jaris qveiTTa aseu-
jars Soris. pirveli seriozuli brZola li zarbazniT da 40 egeri mixeil erisTavis
ajanyebulebsa da rusis jars Soris 1804 dasaxmareblad igzavneboda qsanSi
qsanSi;; xolo,
wlis ivnisis damdegs moxda sofel kaiSaur- qveiTi jaris 2 aseuli _ ananurSi
ananurSi.. 7 ivnisi-
Tan.. 1804 wlis 5 ivniss ananuris komendanti
Tan saTvis volkonskis aranairi cnoba elizbar
maiori pokataevi saqarTvelos mmarTvel da SanSe erisTavebisagan ar hqonda miRebuli.
dimitri volkonskis moaxsenebda: ananurSi erevanze salaSqrod daZruli pavel cicia-
movida sevastopolis muSketerTa polkis novisaTvis Zalze SemaSfoTebeli iyo maior
50 rigiTi erTi zarbazniT kapitan komnenos mellas mier stefanwmindididan gagzavnili
154
vaxtang guruli
moxseneba, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: arag- saqarTvelos mTavarsardals acnobebda, rom

vis xeobis mosaxleoba uars ambobda laSqris Tu mTiuleTSi ajanyeba ar Sewyda, WarTlis
Sekrebaze, xolo kaiSauris kazakTa saguSagos xeobaSi jari unda Seviyvanoo. volkonskim
ganadgurebis Semdeg ajanyebulebi ananursa moxsenebas daurTo mTiulebis mier misTvis
da duSeTze apireben Tavdasxmaso. strategi- gadacemuli saCivris sruli teqsti, ai es do-
uli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, didi mniS- kumentic:
vneloba qonda larsis saguSagos dacvas. ,,1) kacisagan TiTqmis mouTmenels
1804 wlis 9 ivniss larsis saguSagos ufrosi siciveSi stefanwmindidam ananuramden saSine-
Sigolevi stefanwmindaSi myof maior gabri- li Tovli gvaxvetines da gza gavswmindeT.
el yazbegs moaxsenebda: 4 ivnisidan saguSa- 2) Cvengan gakeTebuls amav gzaze wvimisa-
go proviantis gareSea darCenili, samxedro gan Seiqmna talaxi, gvaWrevines fiCxi da ta-
mosamsaxureebi SimSilma daasusta; Tagauris laxSi gvayrevines; am dafenils fiCxSi yazaxis
xeobaSi mcxovrebi osebi larsis saguSagoze cxens fexi Cauarda, mogvdgnen da maTraxis
Tavdasxmas apirebeno. radgan larsSi sursa- cemiT ori kaci mokles. erTi gudamayreli
Tis Sesyidva SeuZlebeli iyo, Sigolevi sami Coxeli da erTic lagaTxeveli jaunaris Ze.
dRis Semdeg saguSagos datovebas apirebda. 3) movida Tovli da aRmoivso Cvenganve
1804 wlis ivnisis damdegs erTmaneTis gakeTebuli gza; aseTs dros migviyvanes sa-
miyolebiT ajanyda mTiuleTis, WarTlis
WarTlis,, gu- keTeblad, rom zvavi modioda da sikvdils ar
damayrisaa da xandos xeobaTa mosaxleoba.
damayris dagvrides; wamovida zvavi da cotas movrCiT,
ajanyebulebs xelmZRvanelobdnen: Sio bur- rom qveS ar dagvitana, kidev timoTem xmlis
duli, levan nazRaiZe, TaTara Cqareuli, papuna cemiT migvyara, wamovida zvavi da SiSiT erT-
Cebolauri, ninia bedoiZe, eman bedoiZe, ninia maneTs rom veceniT, timoTe da sami Cveni kaci
benianiZe da sxv. 1804 wlis 9 ivniss saqarT- iq gaiWylita.
velos mmarTveli volkonski ananuridan pav- 4) movidnen oTxmoci saldaTi da Tor-
el cicianovs moaxsenebda: jarebs jerjero- meti cxeniani yazaxi. amaT undebodaT dReSi
biT vtoveb imave adgilze, sadac aqamde iyvnen saldaTs aTi saklavi da yazaxT ori saklavi;
ganlagebuli; xval vapireb mosaxleobas Sevx- qaTams, yvels da erbos vin iangariSebs.
vde, maTi saCivrebi movismino da gzebis gaw- 5) cxensa da xars bargis zidviT tyavi
mendaze daviyolio; elizbar da SanSe eri- aRar SerCaT da ar mouciaT qira; erTjer
sTavebidan araviTari cnoba ara maqvs, magram mogvces TiTo maneTi, esec moviTmineT.
gavrcelebuli xmebis mixedviT, isini stefan- 6) orni dedakacni uRelSi Seabes, marxi-
wmindaSi arian alyaSemortymulni Tagauris li moubes da saldaTebi ukan dedakacebs ma-
xeobidan mosuli osebis mier; elizbar da TraxiTa scemdnen.
SanSe erisTavebs mixeil erisTavis meSveobiT 7) gvibrZanes da oTxi sakire davswviT,
SevuTvale stefanwmindidan lomisisa da gud- erTi zaqaTkars, meore burduliskars, mesame
auris gavliT qsnis xeobisaken scadon gaWrao. nadibaZis karze da meoTxe amiriZis karze.
dimitri volkonskim ajanyebuli so- 8) Tavadma erisTavma Tornikem jars rom
flebis mosaxleobasTan Sexvedrebi da dauZaxa, Cven gamogvicxades erTobiT jarSi
saCivrebis mosmena daiwyo. 1804 wlis 11 unda waxvideTo, da iqidam gavigoneT, win Cven
ivniss volkonski ananuridan cicianovs moax- unda waveyvaneT, CvenTan modevnebiT qsnis
senebda: aragvis xeobis mosaxleobam CemTan jari da Cvens ukan saldaTi da Sewyvdeulni
Sesaxvedrad warmoamadgenlebi ar gamogzavna; cemiT ruseTs unda gadaverekeniT. dedakacni
Tornike erisTavma macnoba, rom TiTqos qsnis da romelnic wvrilni Sin darCebian, xidebis
xeobis mosaxleoba Tanaxmaa gzebi gawmindos; sakeTeblad kiri imaT unda vazvidinoTo, es-
general-maiorma fiodor talizinma samxedro eebi imaTgan gavigoneT.
gzis gawmenda daiwyo, Casafrebulma ajanyeb- 9) dagvidves ficiT Svidis wlis siTar-
ulebma mTebidan cecxli gaxsnes, sabolood xne, arc erTi weli dagvacales wels cxvrisa,
maT ukan daixies, Sejaxebisas daiRupa 2 gre- Toxlisa, erbosa da sxvisac debulebisa magi-
naderi da 2 kazaki, daiWra kazakTa razmis erad sul TeTri gamogvarTves oris wlisa,
polkovniki tarasovi
tarasovi,, 10 grenaderi da 2 ka- romelic Cvengan SesaZlebeli ar iyo, da
zaki, ajanyebulebma mxolod moklulTa saxiT versad viSoveT da Cvenis eklesiebidam gamog-
daaxloebiT 100 kaci dakargeso. volkonski vatanines TeTri da waiRes. gamogvarTves cx-
155
varzed xuTi abazi, Toxlze oTxi abazi, er- 12 ivniss Zmebi Tornike, SanSe da elizbar
boze oTxi abazi, Tivaze xuTi litra, qerze erisTavebi lomisasTan SeCerdnen jariT.
da erT purze gamogvarTves xuTi abazi. diliT adre maT ajanyebulebi daesxnen Tavs,
10) visac TiTo kodi qeri hqonda da Tiva, brZolam 6 saaTs gastana. ajanyebulebma se-
ufasod wagvarTves, romelic Cvens moxele- riozuli zarali ganicades _ daiRupa 40
Tac ara hkiTxes. mebrZoli, daRupulTa Soris iyo ajanyebis
11) brZaneba iyo, romelnic yazaxni adg- erT-erTi moTave Sio burduli
burduli.. Sio burduls
il da adgil idgnen, qeri da Tiva fasiT didi wvlili miuZRoda Tagauris xeobidan xe-
unda eyidnaT; Cafaric TavianTi cxeniT unda vsa da mTiuleTSi osTa razmis SemoyvanaSi.
mieyvanaT da moeyvanaT, qersa da Tivas ufa- brZolaSi daiRupa 3 rusi jariskaci, xolo 7
sod gvarTmevdnen da cxensac uqiraod da ku- daiWra, daiWra erisTavebis laSqarSi myofi 2
rielic Cvenis cxeniT dahyvandaT. aznauri da 1 glexi. 14 ivniss lomisasTan kv-
Cven am zemo xsenebulis mwuxarebi- lav gaimarTa brZola, romelmac oTx saaTze
sagan, romelnic yovlad-mowyalis xelmwifis met xans gastana. ajanyebulebma warmatebas
uZlevelis jaris saqarTveloSi gaZlierebas ver miaRwies. rusebma brZolaSi dakarges 1
RmerTsa vsTxovdiT, axla amas viTxovT, rom umcrosi oficeri da 2 jariskaci, 2 jaris-
mswraflis gansacdeliT erTobiT davinTqeT, kaci daiWra.
Cven Zals ar viqadiT, rom rusT vebrZodeT, ananuridan aragvis xeobaSi brZoliT
Cven erTobiT es aw virCieT, Tu sxva ara ikafavda gzas generali talizini
talizini.. rusebma
mogvevlina ra gansacdeli, am mouTmenelis Seityves, rom ajanyebulebs sofel cixisZir-
mwuxarebisagan Cvenis xeliT Cvens saxls ce- Tan saguSago gaumarTavT. generali maSinve
cxli unda moukidoT, col-Svili Sig Sevyar- cixisZirisaken gaemarTa. talizinis gankar-
oT, Cvenc Sig SevideT da daviwvneT. am tanj- gulebaSi 90 grenaderi, 50 muSketeri, 46 ka-
vas da maTraxiT sikvdils da Cvenis colebi- zaki da 60 qarTveli mebrZoli iyo. cixisZir-
sas uwesos saqmiT danaxvas es gvirCevnia, rom Tan daaxloebiT 1.000 ajanyebuli iyo Tavmoy-
ase davixocneT, _ marto mTiuleTSi cemiT rili. marTalia, talizinis jari arcTu ise
ocda sami kaci momkvdara sxvas garda. didi iyo, magram mas ajanyebulebis laSqarTan
Tqvens brwyinvalebas vsTxovT, radgan SedarebiT upiratesobas aZlevda 2 zarbazani.
Cvenis saqmis Sesatyoblad saqarTvelos 11 ivniss, naSuadRevis or saaTze, talizini
mmarTebelisagan warmogzavnili brZandebiT, sofel cixisZirs miuaxlovda. brZola maS-
es Cveni werili maTsve brwyinvalebas wa- inve daiwyo, romelic saRamos cxra saaTamde
rudginoT. ar Sewyvetila. rusebis zarbaznebi advilad
erTobiT mTiulTagan warmogzavnilni angrevda ajanyebulTa mier adre agebul si-
mociqulni, romelTac erTobis piriT es wer- magreebs. daRamda Tu ara, ajanyebulebma go-
ili mogvces, saxeliT arian eseni: dareTis mimarTulebiT ukan daixies da mTis
burduli, mRvdeli aTanase, nazRaiZis Ziras SeCerdnen. talizini ajanyebulebs dae-
saxelo beri, burdulis saxelo, buCuquri, devna da kvlav daamarcxa. 12 ivniss brZola
fadiuri, nazRaiZe daTuna, cixis Tavis Svili aRar gamarTula. 13 ivniss talizinma kvlav
giorgi, beniaZe gamaxare“. Seutia ajanyebulebs, romlebic iZulebul-
saCivarSi aRwerili ambebi erTeul Sem- ni gaxdnen WarTlis xeobisaken daexiaT. mi-
Txvevas ar warmoadgenda, msgavsi xdeboda atanes Tu ara WarTlis xeobis kars, ajanye-
mTel mTiuleTSi da saerTod samxedro gzis bulebs xeobis Sesasvleli Cauketa ruseTis
orive mxares mdebare soflebSi. jarma Stabs-kapitan kitkeviCis meTaurobiT.
ajanyebulebsa da ruseTis jars Soris xeobaSi Sesvla ajanyebulebs aRar ucdiaT,
mcire Tu didi Setakebebi grZeldeboda. 1804 radgan xeoba viwro iyo da rusebi advilad
wlis 10 ivniss, jvris uReltexilis axlos, xa- SeZlebdnen gzis gadaketvas. or cecxls Sua
das mindorze, ruseTis jaris qveiTTa erTi moqceuli ajanyebulebi ukan gamobrundnen
aseuliTa da qsnis xeobis qarTvelTa laSqriT da ramdenime Sejaxebis Semdeg sxvadasxva
gamagrebul Tornike erisTavs ajanyebulebi mimarTulebiT gaifantnen. talizinma gafan-
daesxnen Tavs. ajanyebulebma uceb Sewyvites tul ajanyebulebs Tavadi petre orbeliani
brZola. rusebs danaklisi ar ganucdiaT, qs- daadevna, romelmac 13-14 ivniss bevri ajanye-
nis xeobis laSqridan ori qarTveli daiWra. buli daxoca, miwasTan gaaswora maT mier age-
156
vaxtang guruli
buli TiTqmis yvela simagre. zarbaznebidan lekebs cecxli gauxsna, ris

1804 wlis 11 ivnissa da 13-14 ivniss br- Semdegac Tavdamsxmelebi orad gaiyvnen, erT-
ZolebSi bevri mTiuli daiRupa, rusebs ki ma nawilma sofel xovlesaken daixia, xolo
mxolod 4 kaci moukles, daiWra 17 jaris- meore walkisaken gaemarTa. cicianovi gor-
kaci. daWrilTa Soris iyvnen kazakTa jaris Tan lekebis didi razmis gamoCenaze SemTxve-
ufrosi tarasovi da podporuCiki markovi
markovi.. viT ar amaxvilebda yuradRebas. saqarTvelos
ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg samdRiani brZolebi mTavarsardals eSinoda, lekTa razmebi aragvis
aRwerilia general-maior fiodor talizinis an qsnis xeobaSi ar Sesuliyvnen da ajanyebu-
mier 1804 wlis 15 ivniss daweril moxsenebaSi. lebs ar SeerTebodnen
SeerTebodnen.. safrTxe iranis mxri-
moxsenebidan irkveva, rom brZolebSi monaw- danac iyo mosalodneli. saqarTvelos samx-
ileoba miiRes Tavadebma: general-maiorma edro gzis Caketva xels aZlevda ruseTTan
dimitri orbelianma, zurab orbelianma, ioseb omSi Cabmul irans. 1804 wlis 15 ivniss anan-
meliqiSvilma.. talizini qeba-didebiT ixse-
meliqiSvilma urSi myofi volkonski cicianovs moaxseneb-
niebs Tavad Teimuraz muxranbatonsa da Ta- da: SemaxaSi Cavida 8.000 iraneli mebrZoli,
vad luarsab sumbaTaSvils
sumbaTaSvils,, azanaurebs: Sabur romelTac SeuerTdnen Semaxis xanis laSqari
SaburiSvils, yaraman joraSvils, aTanase ber- da lekebi, iranelTa da lekTa laSqari kax-
ZeniSvils.. rusi generali aRniSnavs, ajanye-
ZeniSvils eTSi SeWras apirebso. SemdegSi iranelebma
bulTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi Tavi Tavadma pe- kaxeTSi SeWra gadaifiqres. viTarebas ram-
tre orbelianma gamoiCina. denadme amZimebda is, rom alazanze ganla-
1804 wlis 13-14 ivnisis brZolebSi gebuli ruseTis jari iranelTa seriozul
gancdilma marcxma mTiuleTSi ajanyeba ver Zalas ver gaumklavdeboda. marTlac, male
CaaxSo. 1804 wlis 13 ivniss dimitri volkon- lekTa didma razmma (1000 mebrZoli) alazani
ski ananuridan pavel cicianovs moaxsenebda: gadmolaxa da kaxeTis darbevas Seudga, ram-
ajanyebulebi ar nebdebian, gzebis aRdgenaze denime dReis Semdeg ki Tbilisis maxloblad
uars amboben da didi laSqris Sekrebas cdi- soflebi diRomi da TeleTi aiklo. 1804 wlis
loben; WarTlis xeobaSi jaris Sesvlis Semdeg 19 ivniss volkonski cicianovs moaxsenebda,
ajanyebulebma mTebs Seafares Tavi; general rom 14 ivniss walkidan Tbilisisaken momaval
talizins vubrZane TbilisSi dabrundes; War- gzaze isev SeniSnes lekTa didi razmi. 1804
Tlis xeobidan dabrunebuli aseuli kaiSau- wlis 6 ivlisis moxsenebaSi volkonski cici-
ris mimarTulebiT gzis gasawmendad gavgzavne; anovs isev lekebis Semosevis Sesaxeb auwyeb-
elizbar da mixeil erisTavebs vubrZane lomis- da. lekTa didi razmi (300 mebrZoli) mtkvris
adan stefanwmindaSi dabrundnen, raTa Tagau- xeobiT qarTlSi SemoWrila, tyve auyvania da,
ris xeobidan Semosuli osebi gandevnono. radgan mtkvris meore napirze gadasvla ver
1804 wlis 15 ivniss pavel cicianovma SeZlo, sacicianos mTebSi mimalula. rogorc
ajanyebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb moxseneba Cans, cicianovis SiSi usafuZvlo iyo, lekTa
gaugzavna ruseTis imperator aleqsandr I-s. razmebi Cveulebriv TareSs ganagrZnobdnen da
moxsenebaSi asaxva hpova yvela im movlenam, ajanyebulebTan SeTanxmebiT ar moqmedebdnen.
romelTa Sesaxebac Cven zemoT gvqonda sau- Tumca es damSvidebis saSualebas ar iZleoda.
bari. xsenebul ambebTan erTad saqarTvelos sacicianos mTebidan gadmosuli lekebi Tavs
mTavarsardali sxva saintereso cnobebsac daesxnen saTibSi momuSave rus jariskacebs,
awvdida imperators: 1804 wlis 1 ivniss qa- 2 maTgani mokles, xolo 19 tyved waiyvanes.
rTlSi, atenis xeobaSi, ganlagebuli egerTa volkonski kvlav SiSma Seipyro da lekebis
me-9 polkis kapitanma firsovma Seityo, rom winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad ganjidan ruseTis
yarsidan Semosuli lekebis razmi (300 me- jaris 1 aseuli gamoiZaxa.
brZoli), romelic adre walkis midamoebSi erevnis cixesTan alyaze mdgari ruseTis
daexeteboda, 1-2 ivnisis RamiT, daaxloebiT jari Zlieri sicxis gamo mZime mdgomareobaSi
naSuaRamevis 2 saaTze, mtkvris marjvena na- aRmoCnda. amas Tan erTvoda sursaTis nak-
pirze qalaq goris pirdapir mdebare sofel leboba. aleqsandre batoniSvili iranelTa
xidisTavSi SeiWra, sadac ramdenime mamaka- cxenosani jariT mudmivad arbevda Tbili-
ci da qali tyved aiyvana; kapitan firsovis sidan erevnisaken mimaval aRals, romelsac
aseulma lekebs brZola gaumarTa da ramden- sursaTi da sabrZolo saWurveli gadahqon-
ime tyvis gaTavisufleba SeZlo; firsovma da. 1804 wlis ivlisSi aleqsandre batoniS-
157
vili sofel karaklisTan Tavs daesxa rusebis lomisasTan mdebare rusebis saguSagos xelSi
aRals, romelsac maior montrezoris meTau- Cagdebas ajanyebulebisaTvis didi mniSvnelo-
robiT 350 oficeri da jariskaci acilebda. ba hqonda. saguSagos xelSi Cagdebis Semdeg
rusebs Tan hqondaT 3 mZime zarbazani. maior- ajanyebulebs SeeZloT qsnis xeobaSi gadasvla
ma montrezorma Zlieri winaaRmdegoba gauwia da saerTod, qarTlis raionebTan dakavSireba.
aleqsandre batoniSvils. brZolaSi daiRupa rusebi lomisis saguSagos SenarCunebas
montrezori da TiTqmis mTeli razmi. aRali Zlivs axerxebdnen, mTiulebi SurisZiebiT
iranelebs darCaT. emuqrebodnen rusebis erTgul maior ga-
ananurSi myofi saqarTvelos mmarTveli briel yazbegs, lekebi qarTlsa da kaxeTs
dimitri volkonski kvlav cdilobda ajanyeb- arbevdnen. rusebisaTvis am mZime viTarebaSi
ulebTan molaparakebas. 1804 wlis 15 ivniss, 1804 wlis 9 ivliss fSav-xevsureTis mouravma
saRamos, volkonskisTan gamocxadebulan mTi- Tavadma durmiSxan ColoyaSvilma volkonskis
ulebis mier SerCeuli Suamavlebi, Tavadebi: acnoba, rom xevsurebi da fSavlebi ajanyebas
revaz erisTavi, giorgi amilaxvari,
amilaxvari, Teimuraz apirebdnen. volkonskim am ukanasknelTa dasa-
muxranbatoni da kavTisxevis monastris arqi- SoSmineblad molaparakebaze Tavadebi ale-
mandriti dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi.. ajanyebulebi iTxovdnen qsandre mayaSvili da daviT qobuliSvili gag-
samxedro gzis mSeneblobaze gaweuli Sromis zavna. Sexvedram uSedegod Caiara. 1804 wlis
anazRaurebas. rogorc volkonskis Seutyvia, 11 ivliss ananuris komendantma dimitri vol-
mTiulebi ruseTis jarSi gawvevazec (rek- konskis acnoba, 10 ivliss 800 xevsuri Tavs
rutis micemaze) uars ityodnen. volkonski daesxa duSeTso.
mTiulebs dahpirebia, rom saqmes gamoiZiebda 1804 wlis 14 ivliss SanSe da elizbar eri-
da gaweuli Sromis anazRaurebac gaicemoda. sTavebi volkonskis atyobinebdnen, rom mTi-
samagierod, saqarTvelos mmarTveli iTxovda: ulebi saSinlad iyvnen gabrazebulni maior
ajanyebulTa laSqris dauyovnebliv daSlas, gabriel yazbegze rusebisadmi erTgulebis
samxedro gzis gawmendas da aRdgenas, Tagau- gamo. ajanyebulebi gabriel yazbegs ojaxis
ris xeobis osebis daSoSminebaSi daxmarebas. amowyvetiTa da saxl-karis gadawviT emuqre-
molaparakebam Sedegi ar gamoiRo. bodnen. erisTavebi volkonskis saswrafod 1
1804 wlis 20 ivniss mTiulebma lomisas- aseulisa da 1 zarbaznis miSvelebas sTxovd-
Tan dabanakebul Tornike erisTavs Suamavlebi nen, raTa gabriel yazbegi SurisZiebisagan
gaugzavnes. SuamavalTagan erT-erTma mTi- daecvaT. sinamdvileSi, lomisis saguSagoze
ulebis saxeliT Tornike erisTavs ganucxada: maior mellasTan erTad mdgar erisTavebs
„SerigebiT ver SevurigdebiT xelmwife im- TavianTi bedi awuxebdaT
awuxebdaT.. ajanyebulebs gabri-
peratorsa da rusebs. Tagauridan ukve miveR- el yazbegze metad Tornike, SanSe, elizbar da
eT farnavaz batoniSvilis werilebi, wyalo- mixeil erisTavebi ezizRebodaT. amaze metyve-
bis werilebi miiRes TuSebma da fSavlebmac. lebs is, rom ajanyebulebi qsnis xeobaSi Sei-
gagvecaleT lomisadan, mogvSordiT Tavidan Wrnen da erisTavebis samflobeloebi aikles.
da ficsa da sityvas gaZlevT, rom arafers meamboxeebma erisTavebis samflobeloebi ad-
gavnebT, Tu arada, gagimetebT da aRar dag- vilad imitom daarbies, rom erisTavebs qsnis
zogavT“. Tornike erisTavma mokle pasuxi xeobis soflebidan 1.500 glexi laSqarSi hyav-
gasca mTiulebs: „xelmwifes ver vuRalatebT, daT gayvanili, soflebi praqtikulad mamak-
esec ar iyos, am adgilis datovebis brZanebac acebi gareSe iyo mitovebuli. sagonebelSi Ca-
ara gvaqvs.“ vardnil dimitri volkonskis erTi sasiamov-
lomisasTan banakad idga maior mellas no ambavic moutanes: oseTis mTavris Zmiswu-
erTi aseuli zarbazniT. 1804 wlis 4 ivliss li duda mansurovi 60 kaciT gabriel yazbegs
mellas aseuls gars Semoertya 3.000 mTi- xlebia da erTguleba Seuficavs. igi gabriel
uli. gaimarTa cxare brZola. ajanyebulebi yazbegs dahpirebia, rom yovel Rones ixmarda,
rusebs aucileblad amoJletdnen, magram raTa xevsurebi da fSavlebi ajanyebulebs ar
mellas lukianoviCis meTaurobiT rusTa SeerTebodnen. duda mansurovma danapirebi
razmi mieSvela. mella ajanyebulebs xelidan ver Seasrula, rogorc aRvniSneT, xevsurebi
dausxlta, xolo lukianoviCma ananurs Sea- 1804 wlis 10 ivliss duSeTs daesxnen Tavs da
fara Tavi. ajanyebulebma brZolaSi mokles 1 amrigad, ajanyebaSi Caebnen.
rusi oficeri da 13 jariskaci, daiWra _ 13. aSkara iyo, rom dimitri volkonski Tavs
158
vaxtang guruli
ver arTmevda ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg brZo- gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 1804 wlis 11 ivliss
las. pavel cicianovi imdenad ukmayofilo xevsurebi duSeTs daesxnen Tavs. sul duSeTze
iyo saqarTvelos mmarTvel volkonskisa da salaSqrod 800 xevsuri iyo gamzadebuli, ma-
general talizinis moqmedebiT, rom erevni- gram rusTa razmebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
dan ruseTis imperatorisaTvis gagzavnil mxolod 500 mebrZoli monawileobda. ajanye-
werilSiac ki ar malavda Tavis aRSfoTebas: bulebma araqarTveli mosaxleobis mimxrobac
mTiuleTSi ajanyeba grZeldeba, volkonski scades, kerZod, isini daukavSirdnen Trusosa
da talizini TbilisSi sxedan da kaiSaurTan da Tagauris xeobebSi, aseve samaCablos, qs-
samxedro gzis gaxsnasac ki ver axerxebeno. nis xeobasa da didi da patara liaxvis xeo-
erevanTan myofi cicianovi erTi-meoreze baSi mcxovreb osebs. marTalia, aragvisa da
ufro arasasiamovno cnobebs Rebulobda. qsnis xeobidan erisTavebma TavianTi glexebi
1804 wlis 17 ivliss volkonski maior mel- rusebis dasaxmareblad laSqarSi gaiwvies,
lasa da elizbar erisTavis moxsenebebis magram orive xeobidan ajanyebulebs uamravi
safuZvelze cicianovs acnobebda: 12 ivliss adamiani SeuerTda. aragvelebis laSqars sa-
maior gabriel yazbegze ganawyenebuli mTi- TaveSi edgnen: goSpar kobiaSvili, dimitri
ulebi stefanwmindisaken daiZrnen; maiori kobiaSvili, durmiSxan kobiaSvili da grigol
mella Tavisi aseuliT da elizbar erisTavi yarangoziSvili. ajanyebis dasawyisSi oTxiveni
200 qarTveli molaSqriT sofel mleTamde rusebma Seipyres, magram male isini ananuris
mihyvnen mTiulebs, raTa stefanwmindaze maTi cixidan gaiqcnen da ajanyebulebs SeuerTdnen.
Tavdasxma ar daeSvaT, magram lomisis saguSa- 1804 wlis 22 ivliss polkovnikma maqsim
gos dasustebis SiSiT Semdeg devna Seyviteso. dreniakinma stefanwmindidan moxseneba gaug-
maior mellasa da elizbar erisTavs volkon- zavna erevanTan myof pavel cicianovs. mox-
skisaTvis aseve ucnobebiaT, fSavlebi da xev- senebis dasawyisSi aRniSnulia, rom maiori
surebi yovelnairad cdiloben mTiulebs dax- gabriel yazbegi, saqarTvelos mmarTveli
mareba aRmouCinono. dimitri volkonski da piradad polkovniki
moxeveebi da xevsurebi, iseve, rogorc maqsim dreniakini mas regularulad ugza-
Tagauris xeobis osebi, garkveul periodamde vnidnen moxsenebebs, magram ar icodnen, am
Tavs ikavebdnen ajanyebaSi Cabmisagan. es nawi- moxsenebebma miaRwies Tu ara saqarTvelos
lobriv ganpirobebuli iyo mTaSi Zalze popu- mTavarsardlamde, radgan kurierebs gzaSi
laruli pirovnebis gabriel yazbegis pozi- ajanyebulebi akavebdnen. amitom iyo, rom
ciiT. XVIII saukunis miwurulidan kavkasiis xa- dreniakins gadauwyvetia adre gagzavnili
zidan saqarTveloSi ruseTis jaris Semosvla moxsenebebi gaeerTianebina, daematebnia bolo
bevrad iyo damokidebuli gabriel yazbegis movlenebi da 1804 wlis 9 ivlisidan 22 iv-
keTilganwyobaze, radgan jars mis samflo- lisamde momxdari ambebi dawvrilebiT euwyeb-
beloze unda gaevlo. erekle II, giorgi XII da nia cicianovisaTvis. polkovnik dreniakinis
duSeT-ananuris saufliswulos mflobeli moxsenebaSi zogierTi iseTi ambavia gadmoce-
vaxtang batoniSvili ruseTis jaris Semosv- muli, romelzec Cven ukve gvqonda saubari.
lis win yovelTvis gabriel yazbegs eTaTbi- amasTan erTad, moxsenebaSi aris iseTi masa-
rebodnen. xidebis gamarTva Tergze da gzis lac, romlis gacnoba aucilebelia ajanyebis
SekeTeba gabriel yazbegs hqonda Cabarebuli. msvlelobis gaSuqebisaTvis:
masve evaleboda molaparakeba mTiulebTan, 1804 wlis 9 ivlisi. Tagauris xeobaSi
raTa rusis jari daubrkoleblad gaetarebi- mcxovrebma osebma iranidan aleqsandre ba-
naT Tbilisisaken. gabriel yazbegs, moxevee- toniSvilis werili miiRes. batoniSvili os-
bis, mTiulebis, xevsurebisa da fSavlebis ebs sTxovda darialis xeobaSi ar gaetare-
garda, didi pativs scemdnen osebi, CeCnebi, in- binaT ruseTidan saqarTvelosaken momavali
guSebi. ajanyebis dawyebis Semdeg gabriel yaz- jarebi. igive Sinaarsis werili miiRes mTi-
begi ruseTis imperatorisadmi micemuli ficis ulebmac. orive werili 1804 wlis martSi iyo
erTguli darCa.
darCa. cxadia, mTaSi popularuli dawerili, magram daniSnulebis adgilze mx-
adamianis poziciam, pirvel rigSi, moxeveebi, olod ivlisSi Cavida.
aseve xevsurebi sagonebelSi Caagdo: ver ga- 1804 wlis 13 ivlisi. ajanyebuli mTi-
daewyvitaT, mimxrobodnen Tu ara ajanyebu- ulebi stefanwmindisaken daiZrnen da misgan
lebs. xevsurebis yoymans bolo moeRo da ro- sami versis moSorebiT SeCerdnen. mTiulebs
159
sofelSi SeWra Semdegi mizezis gamo surdaT: SeiWra da, gabriel yazbegis kuTvnili sami
stefanwmindaSi cxovrobdnen gzis SekeTe- saxlis garda, mTeli sofeli daikava. stefan-
baze momuSave rusebi, romelTac Tan hqon- wmindaSi srola ramdenime saaTis ganmavloba-
daT garkveuli Tanxa. ajanyebulebs swored Si grZeldeboda. brZolis dros 12 ajanye-
am fulis xelSi Cagdeba undodaT. stefanw- buli daiWra, gabriel yazbegis mebrZolebi-
mindis misadgomebTan dabanakebul mTiulebs dan 2 mZimed, xolo 8 msubuqad iqna daWrili,
SeuerTdnen moxeveebi, gudamayrelebi da ram- daiWra 1 rusi jariskacic. soflis dakavebis
denime osuri soflis mcxovrebni. ajanyebu- Semdeg gabriel yazbegsa da ajanyebulebs So-
lebs ar SeerTebia mosaxleoba xevis Semdegi ris molaparakeba gagrZelda. amboxebulTa
soflebidan: stefanwminda, gergeti, kobi, yano- pirobebi ucvleli iyo. maT gabriel yazbegs
bi, aCxoti, arSa. xevsurebma rogorc ki Seityves mofiqrebisaTvis dro 16 ivlisis dilamde
mTiulebis laSqrobis ambavi, didi razmiT misces. gabriel yazbegi poziciis Secvlas ar
(700 mebrZoli) stefanwmindisaken daiZrnen. apirebda, amitom mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi
1804 wlis 14 ivlisi. stefanwmindis mis- brZolisaTvis emzadeboda.
adgomebTan dabanakebulma ajanyebulebma ga- 1804 wlis 16 ivlisi. diliT ajanyebu-
briel yazbegTan mosalaparakeblad gagzavnes lebs 300 osi da CeCeni SeuerTda da amrigad,
TavianTi warmomadgenlebi: TaTara Cqareuli gabriel yazbegi 3.000 ajanyebulis alyaSi aR-
(xevidan), papuna Cebolauri (gudamayridan), moCnda. naSuadRevs mTiulebma da Tagauris
ninia bedoiZe, eman bedoiZe da ninia benianiZe xeobidan mosulma osebma rusebis winaaRmdeg
(mTiuleTidan). ajanyebulebis moTxovnebi erTobliv brZolaze daifices. aqamde ganze
aseTi iyo: 1. gabriel yazbegi ajanyebulTa mx- mdgomi xevsurebic brZolisaTvis moemzadnen.
areze unda gadasuliyo da Tavis Tavze aeRo ajanyebulebis moTxovnaze samgzis uaris Tqmis
ajanyebis xelmZRvaneloba; 2. gabriel yaz- Semdeg gabriel yazbegma xevsurebTan daiwyo
begs ajanyebulebisaTvis unda gadaeca masTan molaparakeba, raTa saCuqrebis (fulis) dapir-
myofi rusi gzis mSeneblebi da gzis mSene- ebiT isini ajanyebulebTan daepirispirebina.
blobisaTvis gamoyofili fuli; 3. Tu gabri- gabriel yazbegma xevsurebi ver daiyolia, ris
el yazbegi am moTxovnebs ar daakmayobilebda, Semdegadac daTmobaze wasvla arCia.
ajanyebulebi Zalis gamoyenebiT imuqrebod- 1804 wlis 17 ivlisi. naSuadRevs xev-
nen. gabriel yazbegma Suamavlebs mousmina surebma, mTiulebma, gudamayrelebma da os-
da aseTi pasuxi gasca: 1. ruseTis imperato- ebma stefanwmindaSi arsebuli rusebis mTeli
risadmi micemul fics ver gavtex da amitom qoneba, maT Soris fulic da gabriel yazbegis
ajanyebas saTaveSi ver Cavudgebi; 2. CemTan qonebac, gainawiles.
myof rus gzis mSeneblebs ver gadmogcemT; 3. 1804 wlis 18 ivlisi. ajanyebulebsa da
rusebs CemTvis gzis mSeneblobisaTvis gamo- gabriel yazbegs Soris molaparakeba ganaxl-
yofili fuli Sesanaxavad ar gadmouciaTo. da. meamboxeebi gabriel yazbegisagan iTxovd-
bolos gabriel yazbegma mociqulebs ajanye- nen xeobis rusebisagan daclas. mTiulebs
bulebTan daabara: Tqveni moTxovnebis Ses- rusebis Tbilisisaken gaSveba undodaT, os-
rulebas sikvdili mirCevniao. ebi moiTxovdnen, rom rusebi vladikavkazis
1804 wlis 15 ivlisi. xevsurebma ro- gavliT dabrunebuliyvnen samSobloSi. ga-
gorc ki gaiges, rom rusi gzis mSeneblebi- briel yazbegma Seityo, rom Tagauris xeo-
saTvis warTmeuli fulidan Tavis wils ver baSi mcxovrebi osebi vladikavkazis mimavali
miiRebdnen, stefanwmindaze laSqroba ga- rusebis gzaSi amowyvetas gegmavdnen. xocva-
daifiqres, Tumca mTiulebisaTvis sxva mxriv Jletis Tavidan acilebis mizniT gabriel yaz-
xeli ar SeuSliaT. amis Semdeg mTiulebi or begma xevsurebs sTxova, rom rusebi Tbili-
nawilad gaiyvnen, erTi nawili sofel gerge- sisaken gaecilebinaT, razec xevsurebma maS-
tis,, xolo meore sofel aCxotis dasakave-
tis inve Tanxmoba ganacxades. xevsurebs rusebi
blad gaemarTa. aCxotisaken mimaval ajanye- ananurisaken mimaval gzaze, rusTa pirvel
bulebs gvian RamiT Casafrebidan cecxli saguSagomde unda miecilebinaT. imave dRes
gauxsnes rusebma. CasafrebaSi 20 rusis garda inJiner-poruCiki laSqarevi da podporuCiki
imyofebodnen gabriel yazbegis 60 erTguli lesnikovi 29 jariskacisa da 4 kazakis Tanx-
qarTveli mebrZoli da ramdenime aTeuli osi. lebiT stefanwmindidan ananurisaken daiZ-
ajanyebulTa mTavari Zala stefanwmindaSi rnen. rogorc ki rusebma mdinare snosa da
160
vaxtang guruli
Tergis SesarTavTan arsebul xevsurTa banaks mxridan moklulTa da daWrilTa Sesaxeb

miaRwies, xevsurebma da mTiulebma rusebi talizini arafers ityobineboda.
jer daatyveves da Semdeg datyvevebulebi 1804 wlis 9 agvistos lomisasTan da-
orad gaiyves. 18 ivlissve xevsurebma tyvee- banakebul general-maior talizins Tavs
bis nawili, maT Soris laSqarevi da lesnikovi, dasxmian mTiulebi, xevsurebi, gudamayrele-
rusebis pirvel saguSagomde miaciles, xolo bi da osebi
osebi.. ajanyebulebs daxmarebia qsnis
meore nawili, 17 kaci, mTiulebma ojaxebSi xeobidan mosuli razmi. mTiulebsa da qs-
daanawiles, ramdenime tyve gudamayrelebsac nis xeobelebs ukan dasaxevi gza mouWriaT
gadasces. rusebisaTvis, xelSi CaugdiaT provianti.
stefanwmindaze Tavdasxmis Semdgom gan- talizini aRniSnavda, rom lomisis saguSagos
viTarebul movlenebs SeiZleba Tvali ga- dacva SeuZlebeli gaxda xeobaSi dawyebuli
vadevnoT saqarTvelos mmarTvel dimitri ajanyebis Semdeg. male talizins daqvemde-
volkonskis mier 1804 wlis 26 ivliss pav- barebaSi myofi ruseTis jari da SanSe eri-
el cicianovisadmi gagzavnili moxsenebis sTavis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi qarTvelTa
mixedviT. 1804 wlis 26 ivliss volkonskis laSqari ajanyebulebma lomisis mTasTan
ukve hqonia Semowmebuli cnoba imis Tao- yvela mxridan alyaSi moaqcies. SanSe eri-
baze, rom mTiulebi da xevsurebi axalgoris sTavisa da talizinis cdebi, gaerRviaT alya,
gavliT qsnis xeobaSi apirebdnen gaWras. ima- warumateblad damTavrda. talizinma miiRo
vdroulad mTiulebisa da xevsurebis meore gadawyvetileba saguSago gadaewva da xelCar-
razmi ananurze TavdasxmisaTvis emzadeboda. Tuli brZoliT gaekvlia gza. RamiT man jari
mTiulebTan mosalaparakeblad volkonskis sam nawilad gayo. pirveli nawili talizinis
nekreseli mTavarepiskoposi ambrosi gaugzav- meTaurobiT Setevaze gadavida da lomisis
nia, romelic 18 weli mTiuleTSi msaxurobda taZrisaken daiZra. male talizins meore da
da kargad icnobda iqaurebs. mTavarepiskop- mesame nawilebic mihyvnen. mTiulebi fexda-
oss Tan gahyolia revaz erisTavi.
erisTavi. mogvianebiT fex misdevdnen rusebs, magram talizinma mox-
cnobili gaxda, rom arqiepiskopos ambrosis erxebuli manevri Caatara da ajanyebulebi
misia warumateblad damTavrda. goris komen- ukan Camoitova. rusebma brZolaSi moklulTa
dants voklkonskisaTvis ucnobebia, rom mt- da ukvalod dakargulTa saxiT dakarges: sev-
kvris xeobaSi, sofel cixisjvarTan
cixisjvarTan,, farnavaz astopolis muSketerTa polkis 1 oficeri, 1
batoniSvili gamoCenila, romelsac Tan 500 umcrosi oficeri, 23 rigiTi; saratovis muS-
leki mebrZoli xlebia. 26 ivliss volkonskis keterTa polkis 3 rigiTi, egerTa me-9 polkis
kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal general-maior 7 rigiTi, 7 mezarbazne; sevastopolis muSket-
grigori glazenapisaTvis jariT daxmareba erTa polkis 5 rigiTi, egerTa me-9 polkis _ 1
uTxovia. oficeri da 1 rigiTi.
dimitri volkonskim general-maiori pavel cicianovi saqarTvelodan miRe-
fiodor talizini Tbilisidan kvlav aragvis bul moxsenebebs aanalizebda da erevnidan
xeobaSi gagzavna. talizinma mTiulebTan mo- Tavis mxriv moxsenebas ugzavnida ruseTis
laparakeba arqimandrit pafnutis sTxova. ar- imperator aleqsandr I-s. erT-erTi aseTi
qimendriti mTiulebs daukavebiaT da gener- moxseneba saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma 1804
lisaTvis SemouTvliaT: lomisis saguSagodan wlis 15 agvistos gagzavna peterburgSi. mox-
jari gaiyvane, ananurSi dabrundi da Semdeg senebaSi dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili ajanyebis
gavagrZeloT molaparakebao. ultimatumis mimdinareoba, ZiriTadi brZolebi. moxsenebis
miRebis Semdeg talizins 1804 wlis 3 agvis- bolos cicianovi aRniSnavs, rom ajanyebis
tos sofel mleTisaTvis Seutevia. brZola 5 CasaxSobad volkonskis jarebi ar yofnida,
saaTi grZeldeboda. rusi jariskacebi sax- magram, amis miuxedavad, erevnis cixeze alyis
lebSi ucvivdebodnen soflis mcxovrebT da moxsna cicianovs yovlad gaumarTleblad mi-
xiStebze agebdnen. ajanyebulebs brZolaSi aCnda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali Tvlida,
dauWriaT podpolkovniki Tavadi elizbar rom erevnisaTvis alyis moxsna adgilobriv
erisTavi da egerTa me-9 polkis Stabs-kapi- mosaxleobaSi ruseTisadmi pativiscemisa da
tani novicki
novicki.. TavSi daWrili kapitani kitkev- SiSis dakargvas gamoiwvevda. garda amisa, ci-
iCi maleve gardacvlila. oficrebis garda, cianovi darwmunebuli iyo, rom erevnis aReba
brZolaSi daWrila 7 rigiTi. ajanyebulTa damTrgunvelad imoqmedebda ajanyebulebze.
161
2. xelisuflebis RonisZiebani ajanyebis gaugzavna aleqsandr I-s. saqarTvelos mTa-

CaxSobis mizniT. ruseTis imperatorma ale- varsardali imperators mis mier gatarebuli
qsandr I-ma saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb acnobebda: 1. aragvis,
cicianovisa da saqarTvelos mmarTvel dimi- didi da mcire liaxvis xeobaSi mcxovreb os-
tri volkonskis moxsenebebis wyalobiT ico- ebs erevnidan cicianovis dabrunebis ambavi
da, Tu rogor viTardeboda movlenebi saqa- rom SeutyviaT, Zalze SeSinebulan; 2. cici-
rTveloSi. imperatorma isic kargad uwyoda, anovs werili gaugzavnia mirmanoz da solo-
rom ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mon qsnis erisTavebisTvis, mTiulebisa da
gacilebiT didi jari iyo saWiro. peterburg- farnavaz batoniSvilisaTvis; 3. saqarTvelos
Si gadawyvites, rom gadamWreli RonisZiebebi mTavarsardals mTiulebisTvis ajanyebis mo-
gaetarebinaT ajanyebis saswrafod CaxSobis TaveTa gadmocema, rusi tyveebisa da naZarcvi
mizniT. zamTarSi mozdokidan TbilisSi moma- qonebis dabruneba mouTxovia; 4. saqarTvelos
vali gza didi xniT iketeboda, ruseT-iranis mTavarsardals farnavaz batoniSvilisaTvis
omi ki saqarTvelos samxedro gzaze jarisa monaniebisa da morCilebisaken mouwodebia.
da samxedro tvirTis Seuferxebel moZrao- cicianovi imperators moaxsenebda, rom Tu
bas saWiroebda. ase rom, mozdok-Tbilisis gza misi moTxovnebi ar dakmayofildeboda, ka-
saswrafod unda gaxsniliyo, rac ajanyebis Cax- vkasiis grenaderTa polkiT ananurSi, xolo
Sobis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda. ananuridan cxinvalSi Cavidoda, raTa ajanye-
saqarTvelos mmarTvelma dimitri vol- bulebi daewynarebina.
konskim ruseTis imperator aleqsandr I-is ruseTis imperatoris brZanebis Tanaxmad,
1804 wlis 27 seqtembris reskripti miiRo. saswrafod izrdeboda ruseTis jarebis ra-
reskriptSi ajanyebis CaxSobis mizniT Semde- odenoba saqarTveloSi. 1804 wlis seqtembris
gi RonisZiebebi iyo dasaxuli: 1. Savi zRvis damdegisaTvis saqarTveloSi imyofeboda: nar-
samxedro flotis sardali admirali de-tra- vis dragunTa, kavkasiis grenaderTa, Tbilisis
verse samegrelos sanapiroze (mdinare xobis muSketerTa, saratovis muSketerTa, yabardos
SesarTavTan) gagzavnida 1 polks artileri- muSketerTa, belevskis muSketerTa, egereTa
iT, saidanac ruseTis jaris qarTlSi gaday- me-9, egerTa me-15 da egereTa me-17 polkebi; me-7
vanas samegreloSi myofi rusi moxele piotr saartilerio polkis 1 batalioni da me-6 saar-
litvinovi uzrunvelyofda; 2. kavkasiis xa- tilerio polkis naxevari aseuli 6 zarbazniT,
zis mTavarsardali general-maiori grigori donis kazakTa 3 polki, 420 Crdilokavkasieli
glazenapi mozdok-Tbilisis gzis gasaxsnelad kazaki, vladikavkazis garnizonis 1 batalioni.
gagzavnida dragunTa 1 polks artileriiT da 1804 wlis seqtemberSive saqarTveloSi kidev
donis kazakTa 2 polks; 3. dimitri volkons- gamogzavnes: kazakTa 1 polki da 80 jariskaci
kis Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr SeeZlo gamoey- (rekruti). kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal gen-
enebina dasavleT saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli eral-maior grigori glazenapis 1804 wlis
ruseTis jari, romelsac general-maiori 24 oqtombris moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom
ion rikhofi sardlobda; 4. ajanyebis CaxSo- saqarTveloSi damatebiT gamoigzavna: yazanis
bisaTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda erevnis muSketerTa polkis 6 aseuli, 2 saartilerio
aRebas da jarebis gamoTavisuflebas. amitom aseuli, donis kazakTa 2 polki, 500 jariskaci
iyo, rom imperatori volkonskis avalebda, (rekruti). general glazenapis 1804 wlis 30
Seeqmna Zlieri razmi da saqarTveloSi myofi oqtombris brZanebiT, saqarTveloSi gamoig-
romelime generlis sardlobiT cicianovis zavna: vologdis muSketerTa polkis 3 aseuli
dasaxmareblad gaegzavna. 4 zarbazniT, mozdokis polkis 100 kazaki, 2.500
ruseTis imperatorma zemoT xsenebul jariskaci.. 1804 wlis 8 noembers glazenaps
jariskaci
reskripts, rogorc aRvniSneT, 1804 wlis 27 ubrZanes saqarTveloSi kidev gaegzavna: do-
seqtembers moawera xeli. 27 seqtembrisaT- nis kazakTa 2 polki, cxenosanTa 1 polki, qve-
vis aleqsandr I-ma ar icoda, rom cicianovma iTi jaris 18 aseuli, savele artileriis 6,5
erevnis aRebisaTvis brZola uperspeqtivod aseuli 4 zarbazniT, sagarnizono samsaxuris 1
CaTvala, Tavisi pirvandeli pozicia Secvala, batalioni, araregularuli cxenosanTa jaris
1804 wlis 4 seqtembers erevnidan ukandaxeva 9 aseuli
aseuli.. cxadia, am raodenobis jari mxolod
daiwyo da male TbilisSi dabrunda. 1804 wlis ajanyebis CasaxSobad ar igzavneboda. iranTan
30 seqtembers pavel cicianovma moxseneba mimdinare omi da gansakuTrebiT erevanTan
162
vaxtang guruli
gancdili marcxi samxreT kavkasiaSi didi Za- glaxa kozmanaSvili, givi CerqeziSvili, koxta
lebis Tavmoyras iTxovda. Tumca es imas ar andronikaSvili, glaxa avaliSvili.
avaliSvili
niSnavs, rom Tu saWiro gaxdeboda, cicianovi 1804 wlis 14 seqtembers alaverdidan
regularul jars ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg ar mTiuleTSi wasuli kaxeli Tavadebisa da azn-
gamoiyenebda. aurebis sruli sia moRalate Tavadma daviT
3. farnavaz batoniSvili _ ajanyebis wi- yorCibaSvilma imave dRes gadasca general-
namZRoli. rusebis tyveobas gadarCenili maior ivane orbelians,
orbelians, romelsac kaxeTSi gan-
farnavaz batoniSvili borCalodan Tbilisis lagebuli ruseTis jari eqvemdebareboda. am
gverdis avliT 1804 wlis 10 seqtembers kaxeT- ukanasknelma alaverdSi gamarTuli kaxeli
Si Cavida da male TianeTis gavliT mTiuleTs Tavadebisa da aznaurebis saidumlo Sekrebis
miaSura. kaxeTSi farnavaz batoniSvilis ga- Sesaxeb informacia miawoda saqarTvelos
moCenam sayovelTao aRfrTovaneba gamoiwvia. uzenaes mTavrobas. aRmasrulebelma eqspedi-
kaxeli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis absolutu- ciam gamoZieba daiwyo, romlis Sedegebi 1804
ri umravlesoba batoniSvils TanaugrZnob- wlis 28 oqtombers pavel cicianovs moxsenda.
da, maT Soris, ruseTis samsaxurSi myofnic. 1804 wlis 18 seqtembers farnavaz ba-
Telavis mazris sasamarTlos msajulma, Ta- toniSvili stefanwmindaSi imyofeboda. ba-
vadma svimon qobuliSvilma da samazro poli- toniSvilma, kaxeli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis
ciis sammarTvelos wevrma Tavadma luarsab garda, werilebiT mimarTa qarTlis Tavadebs,
jandierma samsaxuri miatoves da batoniS- mTiulebs, moxeveebs, gudamayrelebs, fSav-
vils gahyvnen. lebs, xevsurebs, TuSebs, Tagaurisa da Trusos
1804 wlis 14 seqtembers, alaverdobas, xeobis osebs
osebs.. farnavaz batoniSvilma savse-
uamravi xalxi Seikriba taZarSi. wina dRes, 13 biT sworad gansazRvra, rom aragvisa da qsnis
seqtembers, RamiT, kaxeTis Tavadebi da aznau- erisTavebis gadmobirebas gadamwyveti mniSvn-
rebi saidumlo TaTbirze Seikribnen. unda mi- eloba hqonda. naTesaobiT daimedebulma ba-
eRoT gadawyvetileba: daxmarebodnen Tu ara toniSvilma 1804 wlis 23 seqtembers werili
mTiuleTSi myof farnavaz batoniSvils. saRa- miswera podpolkovnik mixeil erisTavs da
mos locvis dasrulebis Semdeg Sekrebilebs qsnis saerisTaos mflobels ajanyebulTa mx-
SeuerTda alaverdis monastris arqimandriti areze gadasvla SesTavaza. batoniSvili werda:
besarioni (erisTavi). arqimandriti besarioni `Tu odesme Tqvensa da Cven Soris uTanxmoeba
farnavazis colisZma iyo. Sekrebilebi arqi- yofila, unda daviwyebas mivsceT, dRes gana
mandritis locva-kurTxevas elodnen. arqi- droa warsulis angariSebis gasworebisa? usi-
mandrit besarionis misvlisTanave yvelaferi amovno warsuli gonebidan unda amovfxraT,
swrafad gadawyda. meore dRes, 14 seqtem- radgan dadga Jami saerTo siyvarulisa da
bers, saidumlo krebis yvela monawile axme- Zmuris daxmarebisa.~ farnavaz batoniSvili
tis gziT mTiuleTisaken gaemarTa, maT Soris darwmunebuli iyo, rom erTi weriliT mixeil
iyvnen: arqimandriti besarioni
besarioni,, Tavadebi: svi- erisTavs ver gadmoibirebda, amitom iyo, rom
mon qobuliSvili, luarsab jandieri, dimitri imave 23 seqtembers werili miswera mixeil
vaxvaxiSvili, aleqsandre garsevaniZe, zurab erisTavis meuRles, romelic Tavad abaSiZeTa
WavWavaZe, gogia qobuliSvili, ioseb qobuliS- sagvareulodan iyo. farnavaz batoniSvils
vili, Tamaz qobuliSvili, evgeni qobuliSvili, Tavadis meuRlis imedi hqonda, rom gavlenas
grigol ColoyaSvili, abel ColoyaSvili, dim- moaxdenda qmarze. batoniSvilma kaxel Ta-
itri ColoyaSvili, ioseb ColoyaSvili, oman vadebsac sTxova, werili mieweraT mixeil eri-
ColoyaSvili, dimitri yorCibaSvili, glaxa sTavisaTvis. mixeil erisTavze StabeWdileba
yorCibaSvili, baram yorCibaSvili, spiridon verc kaxeli Tavadebis werilma moaxdina. uy-
jandieri, oman jandieri, grigol jandieri, uradRebod datova mixeil erisTavma arqiman-
biZina jandieri, ivane jandieri, dimitri jand- drit besarionis Txovnac. amrigad, farnavaz
ieri, otia jandieri, svimon jandieri, iase ma- batoniSvilma podpolkovnik mixeil erisTavis
yaSvili, ioseb mayaSvili, grigol vaxvaxiSvi- guli ver moalbo da ruseTis imperatoris
li, giorgi avaliSvili, saxelmwifo mrCeveli erTgulebaze xeli ver aaRebina. mixeil eri-
avaliSvili; aznaurebi
aznaurebi:: paata sulxaniSvili, sTavma farnavaz batoniSvils 1804 wlis 23
gogia andronikaSvili, andronike andronikaS- seqtembris pasuxad acnoba: Tqveni werili
vili, svimon naTaliSvili, beJan taniaSvili, miviRe da yvelaferi Sevityve. mamaTqveni da
163
Tqveni Zmebi gagvirisxdnen, xolo Tqven mudam evnebdnen Tvalyurs rusebi. 1804 wlis 23 se-
Cveni mwyalobeli iyaviT da cdilobdiT aR- qtembers maiori garceviCi sofel muxranidan
gedginaT gawbilebuli da Sercxvenili Cveni volkonskis moaxsenebda: 22 seqtembers far-
saxli. amitomac movaled vTvli Cems Tavs navaz batoniSvili 6.000 mebrZoliT ananuris
sruli WeSmariteba mogaxsenoT da araferi midamoebSi gamoCnda da, rogorc Cans, duSe-
dagimaloT. mtknari sicrue mouxsenebiaT Tze Tavdasxmas apirebso. maiori garceviCi
TqvenTvis, TiTqos mTavarsardali Tavadi muxranSi ganlagebuli yabardos muSketerTa
pavle cicianovi yizilbaSebisagan gaWirvebaSi polkisa da egerTa me-15 polkis ramdenime
iyos Cavadrnili. Tavadi pavle dimitris Ze aseuliT duSeTisaken daZrula, raTa ba-
laSqrobidan gamarjvebuli dabrunda, mters toniSvilisaTvis daeswro.
SiSis zari dasca da ukuaqcia. Sercxvenili
da gawbilebuli yaeni sparseTisa gaiqca, gaq-
ca agreTve Tqveni Zma aleqsandre. batoniS- §3. ajanyebis damarcxeba. ajanyebis mniSvneloba
vilis mxleblebi, adam beburiSvili, vaCnaZe 1. damsjeli eqspediciebis amoqmedeba.
da imereli paata batoniSvils ganSordnen da 1804 wlis 16 oqtombers pavel cicianovi
TbilisSi dabrundnen. dawynardnen da TavinT didi jariT Tbilisidan ananurisaken da-
binaze dabrundnen TaTrebi, mRelvarebis ni- iZra. imavdroulad kavkasiis xazidan dari-
Sani aRarsad Canso. werilis bolos mixeil alis xeobiT saqarTvelosaken wamovida gen-
erisTavma farnavaz batoniSvils pirdapair eral-maiori piotr nesvetaevi qveiTi jariT,
ganucxada: ruseTis imperators erTguleba kazakTa razmebiTa da artileriiT. general
Sevfice, fics ver gavtex da imperatoris Ral- nesvetaevs ukan mohyveboda kavkasiis xazis
atiT sagvareulosa da piradad Cems saxels ver mTavarsardali general-maiori grigori gla-
Sevarcxveno. zenapi qveiTi jariTa da artileriiT. nesve-
farnavaz batoniSvili imeds ar kargav- taevi nela moiwevda win, zarbaznebis cecx-
da. aznaur gogia naTaliSvils ganuwyvetliv liT angrevda ajanyebulTa mier gzaze aRmar-
mihqonda werilebi qarTlisa da kaxeTis Ta- Tul xergilebs, wesrigSi mohyavda gza da
vadebTan. batoniSvili didi taqtiT werda: xidebi mdinare Tergze. ajanyebulebi rusebs
farnavazi zog werilSi oxunjobda, zog Ta- sastik winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen. kazakTa raz-
vads arcxvenda da gaubedaobas ukiJineb- mis meTauri podpolkovniki vasili bixalo-
da, zogs warsulSi Tavdadebul samsaxurs vi yvela simagres mxolod didi brZolebis
uwonebda da zogsac momavalSi mraval wya- Semdeg eufleboda. samkvdro-sasicocxlo
lobas hpirdeboda. magaliTisaTvis mivitanT brZolebi gaimarTa darialSi, larsTan, ste-
erT-erTi mouravisaTvis gagzavnili werilis fanwmindasTan, sionTan
sionTan.. bixalovi cdilobda
Sinaarss: rusebs rom amosgdomixar gverdSi, xelSi Caegdo stefanwmindis cixe, cixeSi myof
netav vicode, ra sikeTe giyves magaT, riT ajanyebulTa dasaxmareblad ki farnavaz ba-
mogxibles an ras gpirdebian, rom adgilidan toniSvili miemarTeboda. polkovnikma bixa-
aRar iZvri? Tu dRes kacad iTvlebi da qvey- lovma daaswro da stefsanwmindis cixe dai-
anaze raime fasi gadevs, es xom Cveni ojaxis kava. batoniSvili iZulebuli gaxda sofel
wyalobiTaa. maS, dauyovnebliv gveaxle, gvem- sionis cixe-koSkebisaTvis Seefarebina Tavi.
saxure da Zveleburad wyalobac ar mogakl- bixalovma sofel sions Seutia da mTiulebs
debao. daaxloebiT imave Sinaarsisaa farnavaz sZlia. brZolaSi 100 ajanyebuli daiRupa, 55
batoniSvilis werili filipe dekanoziSvili- tyved Cavarda. 1804 wlis agvistodan duSeTi
sadmi:: gansvenebul netarxsenebul mamaCvens,
sadmi ajanyebulebis xelSi iyo. ruseTis jarma kap-
erekle mefes, xom Zalian uyvardi, es xom Sen itan matuSeviCis meTaurobiT duSeTi daikava
kargad ici. maS, riT mogajadoves rusebma, da qalaqis maxlobel maRlobze 2.700 ajanye-
iseTs ras dagpirdnen, rom aRar Sordebi? mi- buli sastikad daamarcxa.
iReb Tu ara am baraTs gogias xeliT, dauy- sofel sionsa da duSeTTan gancdili
ovnebliv gamoswie CvenTan. sircxvili da marcxis Semdeg ajanyebulebma Tavi ananur-
Tavze lafis dasxma ar aris, rom Sen CvenTan Tan moiyares. strategiuli TvalsazrisiT
ara xar da Seni naTesavi ki qiziyidan aq amoi- ananurTan myofi ajanyebulebi mZime mdgo-
Wra da CvenTan erTad aTas gaWirvebas itanso. mareobaSi iyvnen. duSeTis dakavebis Semdeg
farnavaz batoniSvils gafacicebiT ad- cicianovs SeeZlo daubrkoleblad mieRwia
164
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ananuramde. CrdiloeTidan momaval general 1804 wlis 24 oqtombers pavel cicianovma

nesvetaevsac aseve daubrkoleblad SeeZlo brZaneba gaugzavna aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
miaxloveboda ananurs. mTianeTis xeobaTa nacvlebs da yvelani isini
general-maior nesvetaevisa da pod- ananurSi daibara. nacvlebs yoveli soflidan
polkovnik bixalovis mier devnil farnavaz or-ori moxuci da sxva sapativcemulo ada-
batoniSvils yuradRebiT adevnebdnen Tvals mianebi unda CaeyvanaT ananurSi. cicianovi
qsnis erisTavebi mirmanozi da solomoni da aRniSnavda: gamogicxadebT da weriliTac
yvelafers dauyonebliv atyobinebdnen cici- gacnobebT, Tu ra xarji da gadasaxadi unda
anovs. batoniSvilma saswrafod datova xevi gaiRoT, ra movaleoba gawevT kiserze. iqve
da Seecada xevsurTa da fSavelTa Zalebis saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aRniSnavda: amis
xelaxal Tavmoyras, magram uSedegod. far- Semdeg veravin gaiZulebT usasyidlod gaake-
navaz batoniSvili kaxeTSi gadavida, saidanac ToT is, rac Tqven ar gevalebaTo. am brZane-
erevanSi apirebda Casvlas. umjobesi iyo ba- bidan ori dRis Semdeg cicianovma mTiulebsa
toniSvili daRestanSi gaxiznuliyo da iqedan da gudamayrelebs acnoba, rom maT mouravad
ecada iranSi gadasvla, radgan kaxeTi ruse- dauniSna patiosani da sanaqebo adamiani _
Tis jariT iyo savse. cicianovi batoniSvi- grigol kobiaSvili
kobiaSvili.. 1804 wlis oqtombrisaT-
lis Sepyrobas swored kaxeTSi gegmavda. man vis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi ase Tu
farnavaz batoniSvilis dakaveba polkovnik ise dawynarda.
semion portniagins ubrZana. batoniSvil far- 2. ajanyebulTa dasja. ajanyebis damar-
navazs TianeTSi eloda yabardos muSketerTa cxebis droisaTvis Tbilisis, goris, Telav-
polkis kapitani konstantine savarsamiZe 2 isa da siRnaRis cixeebi savse iyo sxvadasx-
aseuliTa da zarbaznebiT. gaigo Tu ara ba- va dros dapatimrebuli amboxebulebiT.
toniSvilis kaxeTisaken wasvla, savarsamiZem ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg kidev daapatimres
qveiTebi da zarbaznebi TianeTSi datova da 73 kaci, iZebneboda 260 eWvmitanili. ajanyeb-
kazakTa razmiT farnavazs daedevna, magram ulTa saqmes pavel cicianovis brZanebiT 1805
batoniSvili mdevrebs dausxltda. cicianov- wlis 2 Tebervals Seqmnili saidumlo komisia
ma mas axali razmi daadevna maior gokielis iZiebda. Zieba Zalze gaWianurda, kavkasiis xa-
meTaurobiT, romelsac Tan gaayola brigadi- zis mTavarsardali general-maiori grigori
ri Tamaz orbeliani.
orbeliani. Tavadi Tamaz orbeliani glazenapi peterburgSi gagzavnil moxseneba-
farnavazis axlo naTesavi iyo. 1804 wlis oq- Si aRniSnavda: ajanyebulTa saqmis Zieba saSin-
tomberSi, Tbilisidan 40 versis moSorebiT, lad Wianurdeba, sapyrobileSi bevri udana-
borCaloSi,, mtkvarze arsebul demurCasalos
borCaloSi Saulo adamiani itanjeba, ris gamoc Zieba sas-
fonTan Tamaz orbeliani, maiori gokieli da wrafod unda damTavrdeso. am moxsenebis Sem-
borCalos boqaulis TanaSemwe praporSCiki deg aleqsandr I-ma brZana: Zieba daamTavreT
qananovi farnavaz batoniSvils daewien da da udanaSauloebi saswrafod gaaTavisufleT
Seipyres. 1804 wlis 31 oqtombers gaxarebuli sapatimroebidano.
cicianovi aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda: far- saidumlo komisiis Tavmjdomared pavel
navaz batoniSvili 31-kacian amalasTan erTad cicianovma saqarTvelos mmarTveli tarasovi
SevipyariTo. daniSna. komisiis wevrebi iyvnen saqarTvelos
Tavadma Tamaz orbelianma gabawruli uzenaesi mTavrobis eqspediciebis ufrose-
farnavaz batoniSvili TbilisSi Camoiyvana da bi xorJevski da nageli
nageli.. saidumlo komisiam
cicianovs mihgvara. farnavazi cixeSi Casves saqarTvelos yofili mmarTveli general-
da dRiur ulufad 5 maneTi dauniSnes. man leitenanti dimitri volkonskic ki dakiTxa.
cixeSi 5 Tve gaatara. 1805 wlis 5 aprils pav- muSaobis dawyebis win saidumlo komisiam 73
el cicianovma batoniSvilebi iulon erkles dapatimrebulis Cveneba Caibara, Tavad komi-
Ze da farnavaz erekles Ze ruseTSi gagzavna. sias 260 eWvmitanilisaTvis unda CamoerTmia
iuloni sacxovreblad qalaq tulaSi gaamwe- Cveneba. komisiam dakiTxa uamravi adamiani,
ses, farnavazi _ qalaq voroneJSi
voroneJSi.. iulons maT Soris, Tavadebi: dimitri vaxvaxiSvili,
dRiur xarjad 15 maneTi dauniSnes, farnavazs aleqsandre andronikaSvili, grigol vaxvaxiS-
10 maneTi. orive batoniSvilis ruseTSi gaday- vili, ninia vaCnaZe, ivane jandieri, aleqsandre
vana da maTi dabinaveba ruseTis xazinas 5.116 WavWavaZe, luarsab maCabeli, solomon amireji-
maneTi da 30 kapiki daujda. bi, iostos andronikaSvili (berad aRkvecili),
165
farsadan TumaniSvili, zaqaria beburiSvili, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac daangries ajanyeb-

svimon beburiSvili, giorgi orbeliani; aznau- ulTa mier agebuli TavdacviTi zRudeebi;
rebi:: grigol naTaliSvili, zaal kobiaSvili,
rebi 5. ajanyeba daiwyo aRmosavleT saqarT-
svimon buCiZe, zurab TavyeliSvili, Salva Ju- velos mTianeTSi, igi ver gavrcelda mTel
ruli, grigol qarumiZe, saraTa mamacaSvili, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da miT ufro
iakob baTikaSvili, ioseb zedginiZe. dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rac rusebs samx-
mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos mmarTvelad edro Zalis erTi mimarTulebiT dajgufebis
general-maiori piotr litvinovi daniSnes, saSualebas aZlevda;
saidumlo komisiis muSaobasac is xelmZRvan- 6. ajanyebis msvlelobis periodSi
elobda. litvinovma samarTalSi micemuli gairkva, rom rusebs saqarTveloSi sakmaod
meamboxeebi sam kategoriad dayo: pirvel kat- seriozuli dasayrdeni gaaCndaT. qarTlis
egoriaSi Sevidnen ajanyebis moTaveni; meore Tavadebis umravlesobam miuReblad miiCnia
kategoriaSi _ isini, vinc ruseTis impera- ajanyebis idea da ufro metic, erTguli sam-
tors erTguleba Sefices, Semdeg farnavaz saxuri gauwia ruseTs. es ar iyo marto poli-
batoniSvils miemxrnen, bolos ki moinanies; tikuri mxardaWera, qsnisa da aragvis eri-
mesame kategoriaSi _ isini, visac ruseTis im- sTavebma ruseTis jaris daxmarebis mizniT
peratoris erTgulebis fici jer ar daedo, TavianT soflebSi laSqari Sekribes da faq-
TavianTi nebiT gahyvnen faranavaz batoniS- tobrivad, ZmaTamkvlel omSi Caebnen;
vils da TviTonve Camoscildnen mas. Zieba 7. ajanyebis ideisadmi mxardaWeris
1806 welsac grZeldeboda. 1806 wels ruseTis miuxedavad, pirvel xanebSi garkveuli sir-
imperatorma aleqsandr I-ma yvela msjavrde- Tuleebi Seiqmna mTiulebis, moxeveebis, gu-
buli Seiwyala. damayrelebis, xevsurebis, fSavlebis, TuSebi-
3. ajanyebis damarcxebis mizezebi. sa da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi osebis erTi
ajanyebis ideis Casaxva, misi dawyeba da ram- mizniT gaerTianebis saqmeSi, riTac, cxadia,
denime Tvis manZilze uTanasworo brZolebis kargad isargebla ruseTma.
warmoeba TavisTavad erovnuli moZraobis 8. ajanyebulebma ver Seqmnes erTi
udidesi monapovari iyo. miuxedavad amisa, 1804 centri, romelic samxedro-strategiul
wels aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi sakiTxebs gadawyvetda da ajanyebulebs ux-
dawyebuli ajanyeba saqarTvelodan rusebis elmZRvanelebda.
gandevniT da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aRdge- 4.. 1804 wlis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
niT mainc ver damTavrdeboda. ajanyebis dam- mTianeTis ajanyebis mniSvneloba. ajanyebas,
arcxebis mizezTagan SeiZleba gamovyoT: oms ruseTis winaaRmdeg, miuxedavad gancdi-
1. ruseTis regularuli jari, romelic li marcxisa, udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda sax-
raodenobiT, SeiaraRebiT, ganwvrTnilobiTa elmwifoebriobis aRdegnisaTvis brZolisa da
da discipliniT bevrad aRemateboda ajanye- erovnuli moZraobis istoriaSi. es iyo pro-
bulTa laSqars, Tavdapirvelad gancdili testi, rogorc qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gau-
warumateblobis miuxedavad, mainc SeZlebda qmebis, ise rusuli mmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg.
ajanyebulTa damarcxebas; miuxedavad imisa, rom programa ar Camouyal-
2. rus generlebsa da oficrebs, romelT- ibebiaT, ajanyebulTa moTxovnebidan naTlad
ac didi sabrZolo gamocdileba hqondaT, Canda umTavresi: Seurigebloba saxelmwifoe-
cxadia, ver daupirispirdeboda ajanyebis wi- briobis gauqmebasa da rusul mmarTvelobas-
namZRolTa enTuziazmi da Tavganwirva. pro- Tan.. es ukve didi monapovari iyo da mas ver
Tan
fesional rus samxedroebs mcire Tu did br- gaauferulebs verc ramdenime aTeuli qa-
ZolebSi seriozuli upiratesoba hqondaT. rTvelis mxridan Cadenili Ralati da verc
3. ajanyebulTa Zalebi SezRuduli iyo, sabolood gancdili marcxi. did imperiebTan
ruseTis imperators ki SeeZlo maT winaaRmdeg brZolaSi bevri dapyrobili ricxviT mcire
imdeni jari gamoegzavna, ramdenic ajanyebis eri damarcxebula, Tumca yvela marcxi zr-
dasamarcxeblad iqneboda saWiro; dida zizRsa da Seurigeblobas dampyrobli-
4. ruseTis regularuli jari SeiaraRe- sadmi da amdenad, ers momavali brZolebisaT-
biT bevrad aRemateboda ajanyebulTa laSqa- vis amzadebda.
rs. ramdenime brZolaSi rusebma gamarjvebas
mxolod zarbaznebis gamoyenebiT miaRwies,
166
vaxtang guruli
Tavi VIII. imereTis samefos, samegrelos, guriis, afxazeTisa da svaneTis

samTavroebis Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi (1803-1810 ww.)
§1. samegrelos samTavros Sesvla ruseTis im- ba Camoegdo. dedofalma mizans miaRwia. sxva
periis qveSevrdomobaSi sakiTxebTan erTad solomon II-isa da grigol
dadianis urTierToba leCxumis sakiTxma daZa-
XVIII saukunis miwurulisa da XIX saukunis
ba. grigol dadiani leCxums Tavis samflo-
damdegisaTvis dasavleT saqarTvelos teri-
belod miiCnevda, rac, cxadia, savsebiT mi-
toriaze arsebobda imereTis samefo, samegre-
uRebeli iyo solomon II-saTvis. urTierToba
los samTavro, guriis samTavro, afxazeTis
imdenad daiZaba, rom male mefesa da mTavars
samTavro, svaneTis samTavro. de iure imere-
Soris omi daiwyo. omi met-naklebi intensi-
Tis mefe samegrelos, guriis, afxazeTisa da
vobiT mimdinareobda da ZiriTadad leCxumis
svaneTis samTavroebis uzenaes xelisuflad
cixe-simagreebis dauflebaSi gamoixateboda.
_ monarqad iTvleboda, Tumca praqtikulad
1802 wels omma sakmaod masStaburi xasiaTi
samTavroebi imereTis mefes ar emorCilebod-
miiRo. marTalia, grigol dadianma imereTis
nen da mTavrebi damoukideblad ganagebdnen
mefesTan brZolaSi garkveul warmatebebsac
TavianT samTavroebs. imereTis samefosa da
miaRwia, magram grZnobda, rom imereTis mefe
samTavroebs Soris viTareba xSirad imdenad
leCxums ar daTmobda da xelsayrel momen-
iZabeboda, rom saqme omamde midioda. erTma-
tSi samegrelos mTavris sanimuSod dasjasac
neTis mimarT pretenziebi gaaCndaT samTav-
Seecdeboda. samegrelos mTavarTan omSi Cab-
roebsac. teritoriuli dava ver mogvarda
mul solomon II-s urTierToba daeZaba ruseT-
samegrelosa da guriis, samegrelosa da af-
Tan. solomon II-s taxtis memkvidre vaJi ar
xazeTis mTavrebs Soris. cota mogvianebiT
hyavda. taxtis memkvidred iTvleboda misi wi-
aseTive konfliqti daiwyo imereTis samefosa
namorbedi mefis daviT giorgis Zis vaJi kon-
da samegrelos samTavros Soris. imereTis
stantine.. solomon II-m miiCnia, rom SeiZle-
stantine
samefos, samegrelos, guriisa da afxazeTis
boda konstantine batoniSvili mis winaaRmdeg
samTavroebs Soris arsebul dapirispirebas
gamoeyenebinaT, amitom 1793 wels batoniSvi-
kargad iyenebda ruseTi.
li muxuris cixeSi gamoketa. konstantine ba-
1. imereT-samegrelos omi da grigol da-
toniSvilis deda, dedofali ana (orbeliani),
(orbeliani),
dianis politikuri orientacia. imereTis mefe
1801 wels imereTidan gaiqca, TbilisSi Camov-
solomon II-sa da samegrelos mTavar grigol
ida da general-maior ivan lazarevis meSveo-
dadians Soris Tavdapirvelad kargi urTier-
biT daxmareba da mfarveloba sTxova ruseTis
Toba damyarda. mogvianebiT viTareba Seicv-
imperator aleqsandr I-s. imperatorma 1802
ala. samegrelos mTavarma grigol dadianma
wlis zafxulSi imereTis mefesTan Tavisi
colad SeirTo qarTl-kaxeTis momavali mefis
warmomadgeneli, kolegiis mrCeveli aleqsan-
giorgi XII-is qaliSvili nino
nino.. es grigol da-
dr sokolovi, gagzavna da konstantine ba-
dianis meore qorwineba iyo, xolo giorgi XII
toniSvilis gaTavisufleba sTxova. sokolo-
imxanad jer kidev batoniSvili iyo. es qor-
vis misia warumateblad damTavrda. 1803 wlis
wineba Tavisi interesebis Selaxvad miiCnia
gazafxulze saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
darejan dedofalma,
dedofalma, romelsac Tavisi geris,
pavel cicianovma aleqsandr I-is davalebiT
giorgi batoniSvilis, taxtze asvla ar surda
imereTis mefesTan Tavisi warmomadgeneli,
da iulon batoniSvilis gamefebisaTvis ibrZo-
kancelariis mmarTveli s.. bronevski gagza-
da. giorgi batoniSvilis asulis grigol dadi-
vna. bronevskis imereTSi CasvliT isargebla
anze daqorwineba darejan dedofalma giorgi
grigol dadianma da rus moxeles pavel ci-
batoniSvilis poziciebis gaZlierebad miiCnia.
cianovTan ori werili gamoatana, xolo cota
darejan dedofali varaudobda, rom erekle II-
mogvianebiT, 1803 welsve, Tavisi warmomad-
is gardacvalebis Semdeg imereTis mefe solo-
geneli gamogzavna TbilisSi. samegrelos mTa-
mon II da samegrelos mTavari grigol dadiani
vari ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesv-
giorgi batoniSvilis gamefebas dauWerdnen
las iTxovda.
iTxovda. amasTan erTad, grigol dadi-
mxars.. darejan dedofalma yovelgvar xerxs
mxars
ani acxadebda, rom Tu samegrelos samTavro
mimarTa, raTa solomon II-isa da grigol da-
ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi ar Sevidoda, maSin
dianis urTierToba daeZaba, maT Soris mtro-
imereTis mefisagan Tavis dasacavad mas osma-
167
leTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla mouxdeboda. vis, romlis raodenoba 1.500 kaciT ganisaz-
2.. mzadeba samegrelos samTavros ruse- Rvreboda, daemzadebina 32.625 fuTi fqvili,
Tis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesasvlelad.
Sesasvlelad. garda amisa, unda daemzadebina furaJi (qeri
saTxovari punqtebis SemuSaveba.
SemuSaveba. saqarTvelos da sxv.) cxenebisaTvis. damzadebaSi ar unda
mTavarsardali pavel cicianovi 1803 wlis yofiliyo Seferxeba. rusebi sursaTsa da fu-
17 marts aleqsandr I-saTvis gagzavnil mox- raJs Seisyiddnen winaswar SeTanxmebuli fa-
senebaSi samegrelos samTavros ruseTis im- siT;
periis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas imperiisaT- 3. ruseTis jari samegrelos samTavros
vis metad sasargeblo saqmed miiCnevda. igi dasacavad ibrZolebda sisxlis ukanasknel
imperators swerda, rom samegrelos xel- wveTamde;
sayreli geografiuli mdebareoba aqvs, xolo 4. samegrelos samTavros mmarTveloba
sanaosnod vargisi mdinare rionisa da foTis rCeboda ucvlelad, mTavris Zalaufleba ar
portis daufleba ruseTisaTvis uaRresad izRudeboda garda imisa, rom mas sikvdiliT
xelsayreli iyo. cicianovi sagangebod aRniS- dasjis ufleba aRar eqneboda.
navda, rom samegrelo mdidari iyo gemTmSene- grigol dadianma daviT mamacaSvils
blobisaTvis saWiro xe-tyiT da sabadoebiT. TbilisSi gamoayola Tavisi karis moZRvari
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali miiCnevda, rom svimon asaTiani da aznauri giorgi gegenava.
gegenava.
samegrelos samTavros ruseTis qveSevrdo- samegrelos mTavris warmomadgenlebs Tan mo-
mobaSi SesvliT imperias saSualeba eZleoda hqondaT werili pavel cicianovTan. grigol
daufleboda mTel savaWro gzas Savi zRvidan dadiani cicianovs swerda: rogorc ki gavige
kaspiis zRvamde. miuxedavad imisa, rom cici- daviT mamacaSvilis samegreloSi axalcixis
anovma winaswar ar icoda, gaiziarebda Tu ara gziT gamomgzavrebis ambavi, maSinve gavemarTe
aleqsandr I mis Sexedulebas, grigol dadi- baTumisaken, raTa gzaSi Sevxvedrodi Tqvens
ani mainc daaimeda da Tan urCia Tavi Seeka- warmomadgenelso. Sexvedra ar Semdgara
vebina qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Taobaze os- imis gamo, rom imereTis mefes dauswria da
maleTTan molaparakebisagan. 1803 wlis 23 daviT mamacaSvili osmaleTis sazRvarzeve
maiss aleqsandr I-ma xeli moawera reskripts daupatimrebia, Tumca Semdeg gauTavisufle-
cicianovisadmi. imperatori Tanaxma iyo same- bia. grigol dadiani bodiSs uxdida cicianovs
grelos samTavro mfarvelobaSi mieRo. miiRo imis gamo, rom daviT mamacaSvilis dapatimre-
Tu ara reskripti cicianovma, aznauri daviT bam saSualeba ar misca dauyovnebliv epasuxa
mamacaSvili samegrelos samTavroSi gagza- saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis SeTavazebaze.
vna. daviT mamacaSvili samegreloSi axalcix- grigol dadianis werili cicianovisadmi 1803
is gavliT gaemgzavra, radgan imereTis mefe wlis 21 agvistoTia daTariRebuli. samegre-
solomon II cicianovis warmomadgenels same- los mTavari Tanaxma iyo cicianovis mier
greloSi Casvlis uflebas ar miscemda. da- SemuSavebuli pirobebiT Sesuliyo ruseTis
viT mamacaSvilma grigol dadians warudgina imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi. aseve mzad iyo
cicianovis mier dawerili proeqti, romelic sursaTi da furaJi daemzadebina ruseTis ja-
safuZvlad unda dasdeboda samegrelos risaTvis. sursaTisa da furaJis damzadebaze
mTavris Txovnas ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdo- Tanxmobis Semdeg grigol dadiani cicianovs
mobaSi SesvlasTan dakavSirebiT. cicianovis acnobebda, rom xorbali da qeri bevri iyo
proeqti aseTi Sinaarsisa iyo: leCxumsa da svaneTSi, samegreloSi mxolod
1. samegrelos mTavar grigol dadians Romi da simindi mohyavdaT. samegrelos mTa-
TbilisSi kavkasiis mTavarsardal pavel cici- vari saqarTvelos mTavarsardals hpirde-
anovTan unda gaegzavna Tavisi sruluflebi- boda, rom rusis jars ar moaklebda xorcsa
ani warmomadgeneli. warmomadgenels ufleba da Rvinos. grigol dadiani Tanaxma iyo uari
unda hqonoda ewarmoebina molaparakeba da eTqva sikvdiliT dasjis uflebaze, magram
xeli moewera samegrelos samTavros ruseTis cicianovs ekiTxeboda, Tu ra sasjeli unda
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi SesvlasTan daka- daedoT kacis mkvlelebisaTvis, RvTis mg-
vSirebul dokumentebze, xolo samegrelos mobelebisaTvis, adamianebiT movaWreTaTvis
mTavars es dokumentebi unda daedasturebina; da qurdebisaTvis. cicianovisaTvis werilis
2. samegrelos mTavars valdebuleba unda gamogzavnidan male grigol dadianma mas ac-
aeRo samegreloSi Sesuli ruseTis jarisaT- noba, rom surda TbilisSi mZevlad gamoeg-
168
vaxtang guruli
zavna Tavisi Svili. cicianovi am SemoTava- ceremonialis dasruleba ver moxerxdao.

zebaze Tanaxma iyo, magram uxerxulad eCvena samegrelos mTavari ruseTis imperiis
samegrelos mTavris Svilis TbilisSi mZevlis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas Semdegi pirobebiT
statusiT datoveba, ris gamoc 1803 wlis 23 iTxovda:
oqtombers ruseTis imperators misi peter- 1. samegrelos samTavro mudmivad unda
burgSi gagzavnis ufleba sTxova. oficial- yofiliyo ruseTis qveSevrdomi;
ur mizezad dasaxelebuli iyo samegrelos 2. samegreloSi unda SenarCunebuliyo
taxtis memkvidrisaTvis saWiro ganaTlebis mTavris memkvidreobiTi xelisufleba. mTa-
micema. amrigad, oficialurad samegrelos vari gaxdeboda mTavris ufrosi Svili. same-
mTavris Svili peterburgSi mZevlad ar igza- grelos mTavris taxtis memkvidre unda dae-
vneboda. mtkicebina ruseTis imperators;
3. qveSevrdomobis pirobebi.
pirobebi. 1803 wlis no- 3. sasamarTlo da sasjelaRsrulebis
emberSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma pavel ufleba rCeboda samegrelos mTavrisa da misi
cicianovma Tavisi warmomadgeneli polkovni- memkvidreebis gamgeblobaSi;
ki nikifor mainovi samegreloSi miavlina. 4. samegreloSi samTavros dacvis mizniT
nikifor mainovs grigol dadianTan unda mudmivad unda mdgariyo ruseTis jari;
SeeTanxmebina samegrelos samTavros ruseTis 5. Tu samegrelos samTavroSi daars-
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis pirobebis deboda axali qalaqi, miRebuli Semosavali
saboloo teqsti. 1803 wlis 1 dekembers same- ruseTis imperiis xazinaSi unda Sesuliyo im
grelos sofel WaladidSi rusi polkovniki wesiT, ra wesiTac Sedioda ruseTis qalaqebi-
Sexvda grigol dadians da mas gadasca cicia- dan Semosavali;
novis mier SemuSavebuli im saTxovari pun- 6. Tu samegrelos samTavros teritori-
qtebis teqsti, romelic samegrelos mTavars aze sabadoebis damuSaveba moxdeboda miRe-
unda mierTmia ruseTis imperator aleqsandr buli Semosavlis nawili samegrelos mTavrisa
I-saTvis. grigol dadiani daeTanxma ruseTis unda yofiliyo;
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis yvela pi- 7. samegrelos mTavari unda damorCile-
robas. nikifor mainovma samegrelos mTavars boda ruseTis yvela xelisufals (igulisxme-
sTxova daeniSna ruseTis imperatoris erT- boda saqarTvelos mTavarsardali, saqarT-
gulebaze daficebis dRe. grigol dadianma velos mmarTveli, rusi samoqalaqo da samx-
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis edro moxeleebi _ v. g.);
pirobebs (saTxovar punqtebs) 1803 wlis 1 de- 8. samegrelos samTavroSi ganlagebuli
kembersve moawera xeli, xolo ficis dadebis ruseTis jarisaTvis binebi (yazarmebi) unda
dRed 4 dekemberi daniSna. saTxovar punqte- aego da isini gaTbobiTa da ganaTebiT unda
bze xelmoweris dResve grigol dadianma sam- uzrunveleyo samegrelos mTavars;
Tavros samRvdeloeba, Tavadebi da aznaurebi 9. samegrelos mTavars ruseTis jarisaT-
TavisTan miiwvia. 1803 wlis 4 dekembers same- vis unda miewodebina provianti;
grelos mTavris karze gamocxadda caiSis 10. samegrelos samTavros teritoriaze
episkoposi, romelmac grigol dadiani, misi arsebuli sabadoebis muSaxelisaTvis xelfasi
meuRle, dedofali nino, da ramdenime Tavadi unda aenazRaurebinaT ruseTis samTo warmoe-
ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daafica. bis xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebis mixed-
daficebis Semdeg polkovnikma nikifor main- viT;
ovma grigol dadians wm. aleqsandre nevelis 11. samegrelos mTavars ruseTisaTvis
jvari gadasca. meore dRes, 1803 wlis 5 de- ufasod unda mieca gemTmSeneblobisaTvis
kembers ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze aucilebeli xe-tye;
daifices samegrelos samTavros im Tavadeb- 12. samegrelos samTavroSi Savi zRvis
ma, romlebic grigol dadians mxars uWerd- sanapiroze portis daarsebis SemTxvevaSi
nen imereTis mefis solomon II-is winaaRmdeg igi unda gaTavisuflebuliyo sabaJo ga-
leCxumisaTvis brZolaSi. danarCenma Tavadeb- dasaxadebisagan, yovelgvari gadasaxadisagan
ma Semdeg dReebSi daifices. 1804 wlis 4 ian- unda gaTavisuflebuliyvnen ruseTidan Camo-
vars mainovi cicianovisadmi gagzavnil mox- suli is vaWrebi, romlebic portiT isarge-
senebaSi aRniSnavda, rom daficebis msurveli blebdnen;
imdenad bevri iyo, rom erT dReSi daficebis 13. samegrelos mTavari ruseTis impera-
169
tors sTxovda aziaSi damkvidrebuli wesis ulma dedofalma Seityo, rom qarTlisa da
Tanaxmad qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Semdeg imereTis sazRvarze, suramSi
suramSi,, idga kavka-
misTvis eboZebina xmali da droSa. siis grenaderTa polkis erT-erTi aseuli.
1804 wlis 4 ivliss ruseTis imperatorma ltolvilma dedofalma aseulis meTaurs
aleqsandr I-ma samegrelos mTavar grigol werili gaugzavna da daxmareba sTxova. aseu-
dadians uboZa sigeli, romelic adasturebda lis meTaurma dedofal anas werili polkis
samTavros Sesvlas ruseTis imperiis qveSevr- meTaurs general-maior sergei tuCkovs miawv-
domobaSi. dina, xolo am ukanasknelma werili qarTl-
samegrelos samTavros Sesvla ruseTis kaxeTSi ganlagebul ruseTis jaris meTaurs
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi imereTis mefis general-maior ivan lazarevs aCvena. ivan laz-
solomon II-is marcxs warmoadgenda. 1803-1804 arevma imereTis dedoflisTvis TavSesafris
wlebisaTvis imereTis samefo da samegrelos micema ver gabeda da gadawyvita Seqmnili vi-
samTavro omis mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. Tareba kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal gener-
amieridan imereTis mefis mier omis gagrZeleba al-leitenant karl knorringisaTvis gaecno.
samegrelos mTavris winaaRmdeg niSnavda oms saqmis aseTi gaWianureba dedofal anas xels
ruseTis imperatoris winaaRmdeg. solomon II ar aZlevda, radgan man kargad uwyoda, rom
unda Segueboda im faqts, rom leCxumisaTvis solomon II-s misi dapatimrebis brZaneba
omi misi marcxiT dasruldeboda. hqonda gacemuli da arsebobda realuri sa-
SiSroeba suramis axlos tyeSi TavSefare-
buli dedofali mdevrebs epovaT. ivan laza-
§2. imereTis samefos Sesvla ruseTis imperiis revisagan uaryofiTi pasuxis miRebis Semdeg
qveSevrdomobaSi tuCkovma dedoflis gadarCena Tavis Tavze
aiRo. viTomda grenaderTa polkis sabrZo-
1784 wels gardaicvala imereTis mefe
lo mzadyofnis Semowmebis mizniT generali
solomon I. imereTis taxtisaTvis brZola-
gorsa da suramSi gaemgzavra. suramSi Casul
Si Tavdapirvelad upiratesoba moipova da
tuCkovs grenaderTa polkis aseulis meTau-
imereTis mefe gaxda daviT giorgis Ze Ze.. xan-
rma acnoba, Tu konkretulad sad afarebda
grZlivi da daZabuli Sinadapirispirebis Sem-
Tavs dedofali ana. gairkva, rom dedoflis
deg samefo taxtze avida erekle II-is SviliS-
TavSesafridan sul axlos kazakTa piketi iyo
vili daviT arCilis Ze, romelic solomon
ganlagebuli. tuCkovi winaswar moelaparaka
II-is saxeliT mefobda. imereTis samefoSi Si-
kazakTa piketis meTaurs, romelsac gener-
napolitikuri viTareba Zalze daZabuli iyo,
lisaTvis unda ecnobebina, rom viTomda ka-
ramac saSualeba misca ruseTs samefos saSin-
zakTa piketze Tavdasxmas apirebda lekTa
ao saqmeebSi Careuliyo.
razmi. tuCkovma sabrZolo gangaSi gamoacxa-
1. viTareba imereTis samefoSi XIX sauku-
da da kazakTa piketis dasaxmareblad ufrosi
nis damdegs. ruseTis Careva samefos saSinao
oficris meTaurobiT 50 grenaderi gagzavna.
saqmeebSi. aleqsandr sokolovis misia imer-
imavdroulad tuCkovma ana dedofals ac-
eTSi. solomon II-s, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
noba, rom grenaderTa razmis meTaurTan ga-
taxtis memkvidre vaJi ar hyavda, taxtis mem-
mocxadebuliyo da iqve darCeniliyo. male
kvidred iTvleboda misi winamorbedi mefis,
grenaderTa razmis meTaurma ana dedofali
daviT giorgis Zis, vaJi konstantine
konstantine.. taxtze
general-maior sergei tuCkovs warudgina,
asvlis Semdeg solomon II-s eWvi gauCnda, rom
romelmac igi TbilisSi gaagzavna. ivan laza-
daviT giorgis Zis meuRle, qvrivi dedofali
revma imperatoris Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg
ana(orbeliani) da misi momxre Tavadebi Se-
dedofali ana Tbilisidan peterburgSi gais-
ecdebodnen taxtze konstantine batoniSvi-
tumra.
lis ayvanas. 1793 wels solomon II-m mcirew-
dedofali anna peterburgSi 1802 wlis
lovani konstantine batoniSvili Seapyrobina
damdegs Cavida. dedofalma aleqsandr I-s
da muxuris cixeSi gamoketa. imereTis mefe
mimarTa da tyveobaSi myofi mcirewlovani
dedofal anas da misi momxre Tavadebis mxri-
Svilis gaTavisuflebaSi Semweoba sTxova. im-
dan safrTxes eloda, ris gamoc misi dapatim-
peratoris davalebiT kolegiis mrCeveli ale-
reba gadawyvita. 1801 wels dedofalma anam
qsandr sokolovi imereTSi solomon mefesTan
gaqceva moaxerxa. erTxans igi tyeebsa da
Sesaxvedrad gaemgzavra. sokolovs Tan mi-
mTebSi imaleboda. lixis qeds moaxloeb-
170
vaxtang guruli
solomon II
hqonda aleqsandr I-is werili solomon II-sad- liss sokolovi raWaSi

raWaSi,, sofel RebSi, Cavida.
mi. imperatori mefes konstantine batoniSvi- am droisaTvis solomon II raWaSi, sofel
lis gaTavisuflebas sTxovda. 1802 wlis 28 xvanWkaraSi,, imyofeboda. es is periodi iyo,
xvanWkaraSi
ivniss sokolovi kavkasiis xazze, mozdokSi, rodesac samegrelos samTavrosa da imereTis
gamocxadda da 30 ivniss 90 kazakis Tanxle- samefos Soris leCxumisaTvis omi grZelde-
biT saqarTvelosaken gamoemgzavra. 8 iv- boda. imereTis jarma warumatebloba gani-
171
cada gordisaTvis brZolaSi. solomon II-s ar aleqsandr sokolovi

sokolovi:: Tu Tavadebma Tqven
surda ruseTis imperatoris warmomadgenels sworad mogaxsenes Cem mier naTqvami, unda
damarcxebuli Sexvedroda, amitom sokolovi darwmunebuliyaviT, rom ruseTis imperatori
didxans alodina. 1802 wlis 24 ivliss soko- Tqvendami keTilad aris ganwyobili.
lovi imereTis Tavadebis TanxlebiT mefesTan solomon II (didi xnis dumilis Semdeg):
Sesaxvedrad sofel xvanWkaraSi gaemgzavra. rogorc vxedav, ruseTis imperators imere-
solomon II-sa da aleqsandr sokolovis Sexve- Tis mefis Sesaxeb ukve bevri cudi aqvs mos-
dra 25 ivliss Sedga. mefes gadawyvetilebis menili.
miReba uWirda. TavadebTan beJan avaliSvil- aleqsandr sokolovi
sokolovi:: tyuilad fiqrobT
sa da zurab wereTelTan TaTbiris Semdegac ase, araviTari eWvi ruseTis imperators Tqven
solomon II-m ver gadawyvita ra epasuxa ruse- mimarT ar gasCenia.
Tis imperatorisaTvis. 28 ivliss sokolovTan solomon IIII:: me vici, rom general-leit-
mividnen Tavadebi beJan avaliSvili,
avaliSvili, qaixosro enantma karl knoringma ruseTis imperators
wereTeli da rostom wulukiZe.
wulukiZe. sokolovi moaxsena, rom TiTqos me baba xanTan da sx-
Seecada didebulebi daerwmunebina imaSi, rom vebTan saidumlo kavSiri mqonda da maT qa-
saqme mxolod dedofal anas mier aleqsandr rTl-kaxeTidan ruseTis jaris gandevnisaken
I-dmi mirTmeuli Txovnis dakmayofilebas ar movuwodebdi.
exeboda. rusma moxelem Tavadebs agrZnobina, aleqsandr ssokolovi
okolovi:: general-leiten-
rom solomon II-s unda gadaewyvita, surda anti knorringi kavkasiis xazis mTavarsarda-
Tu ara ruseTis imperatoris keTilganwyobis lia da mis movaleobas Seadgens imperators
mopoveba. Tavadebi sokolovTan Sexvedris moaxsenos ruseTis sazRvrebTan Seqmnili
Semdeg mefesTan gamocxaddnen da yvelaferi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. minda dagarwmunoT,
dawvrilebiT moaxsenes. 29 ivliss Tavadebi rom knorringi sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tqveni
kvlav Sexvdnen sokolovs da ganucxades, rom urTierTobis Sesaxeb imperators ise ar moax-
solomon II mzad iyo imperatoris Txovna dae- senebda, Tu amis mtkicebuleba ar eqneboda.
kmayofilebina, Tumca mefe ramdenime sakiTx- solomon II:
II: asea Tu ise, me vgrZnob, rom
is garkvevas iTxovda. mefis saxeliT Tavadeb- ruseTis imperatoris winaSe damadanaSaules.
ma sokolovs hkiTxes: cnobili iyo Tu ara aleqsandr sokolovi
sokolovi:: raSi unda daedana-
ruseTis imperatorisaTvis im ubedurebebis SaulebineT Tqven?
Sesaxeb, romlebic muxuris cixeSi myofi kon- solomon IIII:: SeiZleba qarTveli batoniS-
stantine batoniSvilis mamam, imereTis mefe vilebis Sefarebis gamo (es sityvebi ise war-
daviTma, SeamTxvia samefos. sokolovma Tanx- moTqva mefem, rom TiTqos arc ki undoda so-
moba ganacxada dawvrilebiT Seetyo es ambebi kolovisaTvis Tavisi azris gamxela). Tqvenc
da Tavadebmac yvelaferi uambes rus moxeles. xom iyaviTYmowmeni (mimarTa mefem beJan aval-
Tavadebma sokolovs meore kiTxvac dausves: iSvilsa da qaixosro wereTels), rom me ba-
cixidan konstantine batoniSvilis gaTavisu- toniSvilebs xSirad veubnebodi damorCile-
fleba xom ar gamoiwvevda imereTis samefoSi bodnen ruseTis imperators da dabrunebu-
misi momxreebis brZolis dawyebas solomon II- liyvnen TavianT mamulebSi (qarTl-kaxeTSi _
is winaaRmdeg batoniSvilis gamefebis mizniT. v. g.), magram maT Cemi rCeva ar miiRes. (beJan
am kiTxvis mosmenis Semdeg sokolovma scada avaliSvilma mefis naTqvami daadastura. qa-
gaerkvia, Tu saidan gauCnda aseTi eWvi imere- ixosro wereTeli dumda da, rogorc Canda,
Tis mefes. Tavadebma upasuxes, rom taxtisaT- mefes ar eTanxmeboda).
vis brZolis magaliTebi bevri iyo rogorc solomon II-m sokolovs damSvidobebi-
iranSi, ise saqarTveloSic. sokolovma Ta- sas uTxra, rom jerjerobiT gadawyvetileba
vadebs ganucxada, rom konstantine batoniS- konstantine batoniSvilis gaTavisuflebis
vili taxtisaTvis brZolas ar daiwyebda, risi Sesaxeb ar miuRia. male erT-erTi qarTveli
garantic ruseTis imperatori iqneboda. Tavadisagan sokolovma Seityo, rom mefe kon-
1802 wlis 30 ivliss aleqsandr soko- stantine batoniSvilis cixidan gaTavisufle-
lovi imereTis mefesTan Sexvedraze miiwvies. basa da mis ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze arc ki
misalmebis Semdeg solomon II-sa da sokolovs fiqrobda.
Soris Semdegi Sinaarsis saubari gaimarTa: 1802 wlis 3 agvistomde solomon II da
solomon IIII:: risi Tqma gsurT? sokolovi molaparakebas Suamavlebis meSveo-
172
vaxtang guruli
biT agrZelebdnen. 3 agvistos, saRamos, mefem solomon II gadawyvetilebis miRebas ar

sokolovi kvlav miiwvia TavisTan. imereTis Cqarobda da Tavis moqmedebas imiT amarTleb-
mefesa da rus moxeles Soris aseTi saubari da, rom samefo divanis wevrTa Camosvlas
gaimarTa: eloda. sokolovma Seityo, rom samefo divani
aleqsandr ssokolovi
okolovi:: xom ar mibrZaneb- sul sami wevrisagan Sedgeboda. divanis erT-
diT raimes, Tqveno umaRlesobav? erTi wevri iyo Tavadi solomon lioniZe
lioniZe.. 1802
solomon II:
II: ara! me Tqven imitom mogiwvi- wlis 7 agvistos mefem solomon lioniZe qaix-
eT, rom minda erTad sasiamovno saRamo gava- osro wereTelTan da beJan avaliSvilTan er-
taroT (am sityvebis warmoTqmis Semdeg mefem Tad sokolovTan mosalaparakeblad gagzavna.
yvelani daiTxova, darCnen mxolod qaixosro Tavadebma sokolovs solomon II-is danabarebi
wereTeli, zurab wereTeli da beJan avaliS- gadasces: mefe mzad iyo ruseTis imperatoris
vili). Txovna Seesrulebina da konstantine batoniS-
aleqsandr sokolovi: gavrcelebuli vili cixidan gaeTavisuflebina, magram SiSob-
xmebis mixedviT, male Tqveni umaRleso- da, rom es samefoSi areulobas gamoiwvevda.
ba salaSqrod mibrZandeba. ukeTesi xom ar sokolovma ikiTxa, Tu saidan mivida mefe aseT
iqneboda salaSqrod wasvlamde batoniSvili daskvnamde, Tavadebma aseTi pasuxi gasces:
konstantine gageTavisuflebinaT, raTa igi imereTis mefes leCxumisaTvis omi aqvs same-
droulad wameyvana TbilisSi? ar minda da- grelos mTavar grigol dadianTan; leCxumis
vigviano, radgan batoniSvili Tbilisidan ru- sami cixe mefem ukve aiRo da bevrma sofelma
seTSi unda gaemgzavros, seqtembris Semdeg ki daifica mis erTgulebaze; mefes asaRebi dar-
kavkasionis mTebze gadasvla gaWirdeba. Ca erTaderTi cixe da radgan omi jer kidev
solomon II: me Sevecdebi Sevasrulo Tqve- grZeldeba, mefe konstantine batoniSvils
ni Txovna, oRond samefo divanis wevrebis mos- ver gaaTavisuflebs; omis damTavrebamde kon-
vlamde mocda mogiwevT. divansac garkveuli stantine batoniSvilis gaTavisufleba CaiTv-
dro dasWirdeba imperatorisadmi misarTmevi leboda ruseTis imperatoris ZaldatanebiT
sigelis mosamzadeblad. miRebul gadawyvetilebad da ara mefis keTil
aleqsandr sokolovi: TqvenTan aTi dRis nebad. sokolovma Tavadebs ganucxada, rom
yofnis ganmavlobaSi me davaskveni, rom ar konstantine batoniSvilis cixidan gaTavi-
gsurT erTi nabijic ki gadadgaT ruseTis im- suflebas imereTSi areuloba ar mohyveboda,
peratoris Txovnis dasakmayofileblad. radgan ruseTis imperatori imereTis mefes
solomon IIII:: me gadawyvetileba jer kidev mfarvelobas sTavazobda da mfarvelobaSi
ar mimiRia. movlen Tu ara samefo divanis myof samefos imperatori yovelTvis daicav-
wevrebi, am saqmes davasruleb. da. saubris dasasruls sokolovma Tavadebs
am sityvebTan erTad mefe wamodga da sTxova mefisaTvis gadaecaT Semdegi: imedia,
saubaric damTavrda. solomon II konstantine batoniSvils gaaTavi-
meore dRes, 1802 wlis 4 agvistos, ale- suflebs da saSualebas miscems TbilisSi gae-
qsandr sokolovma TavisTan miiwvia saxlTux- mgzavroso. Tavadebma solomon II-s danabarebi
ucesi qaixosro wereTeli da beJan avaliSvili
avaliSvili.. moaxsenes da ori dRis Semdeg, 9 agvistos,
sokolovma Tavadebs ganucxada, rom mefem sokolovs pasuxi moutanes: imereTis mefe
wina dRes saubari ise Sewyvita, rom saTqmeli konstantine batoniSvilis gaTavisuflebas-
ar daamTavrebina. rusma moxelem Tavadebs Tan dakavSirebiT kvlav Tavis azrze rCeboda,
sTxova gadaecaT mefisaTvis: mas eWvi ar ep- xolo sokolovs sTavazobda TbilisSi dab-
areboda imaSi, rom solomon II ruseTis im- runebuliyo da solomon II-is pasuxi, sadac
peratoris Txovnas Seasrulebda. amave dros, jer ars, iq ecnobebina. Tu imereTis mefis
sokolovi gakvirvebuli iyo imiT, rom mefes poziciis gacnobis Semdeg aleqsandr I kvlav
muxuris cixidan konstantine batoniSvilis isurvebda konstantine batoniSvilis peter-
gasaTavisufleblad jerac aravin gaegzavna. burgSi gagzavnas, solomon II mas dauyovne-
sokolovma Tavadebs sTxova, solomon II-Tvis bliv gaaTavisuflebda da TbilisSi gagzavn-
gadaecaT Semdegi: imereTis mefes hqonda ru- ida. Tavadebma sokolovs aseve acnobes, rom
seTis imperatoris keTilganwyobis damsax- meore dRes mefe salaSqrod mibrZandeboda,
urebis Sansi. Tavadebma sokolovs aRuTqves, xolo rus moxeles TbilisSi dabrunebas
rom mis danabarebs mefes gadascemdnen. sTavazobda. sokolovs Tan mihqonda solo-
173
moin II-is werili aleqsandr I-dmi. mefe im- rom konstantine batoniSvilis sicocxles
perators swerda, rom konstantine batoniS- safrTxe ar emuqreboda. 1803 wlis 9 aprils
vilis cixidan gaTavisuflebis safuZvels ver cicianovi aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda, rom
xedavda. solomon II imperators hpirdeboda, igi saidumlod daukavSirda Tavad qaixosro
rom konstantine batoniSvils iSvilebda da wereTels da batoniSvilis gaTavisuflebaSi
taxtis memkvidred gamoacxadebda, Tu amis Semweoba sTxova. xangrZlivi molaparakebis
Semdeg ruseTis imperatori moisurvebda ba- Semdeg qaixosro wereTeli 5.000 maneTis
toniSvilis peterburgSi gawvevas, misi sur- sanacvlod cicianovs konstantine batoniS-
vili dauyovneblad Sesruldeboda. 9 agvis- vilis gaTavisuflebas dahpirebia. Tavads
tos saRamos sokolovi mefesTan miiwvies. imis pirobac daudia, rom imereTis samefoSi
mefem rus moxeles moubodiSa, rom ruseTis TavSefarebul iulon da farnavaz batoniS-
imperatoris Txovnas ver asrulebda. soko- vilebs ruseTis xelisuflebas gadascemda.
lovma mefes sTxova, rom gafrTxileboda rogorc Cans, cicianovi daeWvda qaixosro
konstantine batoniSvilis janmrTelobas da wereTlis SesaZleblobebSi, ris gamoc Ta-
imedi gamoTqva, rom solomon II aleqsandr I-is vads aseTi piroba wauyena: im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
Txovnas samomavlod mainc Seasrulebda. qaixosro wereTeli konstantine batoniSvils
1802 wlis 10 agvistos solomon II grigol gaaTavisuflebda, magram ver SeZlebda iulon
dadianis winaaRmdeg salaSqrod daiZra. Ta- da farnavaz batoniSvilebis ruseTis xelisu-
vadi zurab wereTeli mefem sokolovis ga- flebisaTvis gadacemas, igi dapirebuli 5 000
sacileblad datova. 10 agvistosve sokolovi maneTis nacvlad mxolod mesameds miiRebda.
TbilisSi gamoemgzavra. zurab wereTelma qaixosro wereTelTan saidumlo mo-
cxenosanTa askacian razmTan erTad soko- laparakebis paralelurad pavel cicianovma
lovi ara marto qarTlis sazRvramde, aramed oficialuri molaparakeba daiwyo solomon
goramde moacila. gorSi sokolovi 15 agvis- II-Tan. generalma imereTSi miavlina saqarT-
tos Cavida. velos mTavarsardlis kancelariis mmarTve-
aleqsandr sokolovis misia warumate- li, sasamarTlo mrCeveli s. bronevski.
bronevski. ci-
blad damTavrda, konstantine batoniSvili cianovis 1803 wlis 30 aprilis miwerilobis
cixeSi rCeboda. 1802 wlis 6 dekembers peter- mixedviT, bronevskis solomon II-Tvis Semdegi
burgSi myof dedofal anas ruseTis imperiis moTxovnebi unda waeyenebina: 1. muxuris cixi-
kanclerma acnoba, rom solomon II apirebda dan konstantine batoniSvilis gaTavisufleba
konstantine batoniSvili eSvilebina da tax- da misi TbilisSi dedofal anasTan gamogzavna.
gamogzavna.
tis memkvidred gamoecxadebina. amis Semdeg Tu mefe batoniSvilis TbilisSi Ggamogzavnas
1803 wlis 23 ianvars dedofalma anam kvlav SeuZleblad miiCnevda, maSin gaTavisuflebis
mimarTa TxovniT ruseTis imperators. imper- Semdeg mas quTaisSi unda ecxovra; 2. iulon
atoris davalebiT, am Txovnis pasuxad kancl- da farnavaz batoniSvilebis ruseTis xelisu-
erma dedofal anas urCia TbilisSi dabruneb- flebisaTvis gadacema
gadacema.. Tu batoniSvilebi
uliyo da saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel nebayoflobiT ar Cabardebodnen ruseTis
cicianovTan gamocxadebuliyo, romelsac xelisuflebas, maSin bronevskis solomon
imperatorisagan 1803 wlis 23 Tebervlis II unda gamoeyenebina batoniSvilTa winaaR-
reskriptiT davalebuli hqonda konstantine mdeg. Tu saqme Zalis gamoyenebamde mivido-
batoniSvilis gaTavisufleba. dedofalma anam da, imereTis mefes unda uzrunveleyo Sepy-
TbilisSi dabrunebaze Tanxmoba ganacxada. robili batoniSvilebis qarTlis sazRvramde
2.. pavel cicianovis urTierToba solo- moyvana. sazRvarze bronevskis daxvdeboda
mon II-Tan. s. bronevskis misia imereTSi. saqarT- ruseTis jaris ori aseuli, romlis meTauri
velos mTavarsardali pavel cicianovi 1803 Caibarebda batoniSvilebs; 3. bronevskis unda
wlis 23 Tebervlis reskriptis miRebamdec gaerkvia, Tanaxma iyo Tu ara solomon II ru-
solomon II-is gverdis avliT cdilobda muxu- seTisaTvis misaRebi fasiT an saerTod ufasod
ris cixidan konstantine batoniSvilis gaTa- mieca gemTmSeneblobisaTvis saWiro xe-tye
visuflebas. imereTis mefe saguldagulod (5.000 mori).
icavda mcirewlovan tyves, ris gamoc gener- konstantine batoniSvilis cixidan gaTa-
lis mcdelobebi marcxiT damTavrda. cicia- visufleba ar laxavda solomon II-is mefur
novi ar Cqarobda, radgan darwmunebuli iyo, Rirsebas. rac Seexeba pavel cicianovis
174
vaxtang guruli
moTxovnas iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebis nevskis ganucxada, rom konstantine batoniS-

ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis gadacemis Tao- vilis imereTis sazRvarTan axlos cxovreba
baze, Seuracxmyofeli iyo monarqisaTvis. samefoSi areulobis saSiSroebas qmnida. bro-
imereTis mefem kargad uwyoda, rom iulon, nevskisaTvis sruliad moulodnelad ofi-
aleqsandre, farnavaz da sxva batoniSvilebis cialuri audenciis dros solomon II-m ga-
SefarebiT Zalze aRizianebda ruseTs, magram nacxada, rom konstantine batoniSvilis gaTa-
sxvagvarad igi ver moiqceoda.
moiqceoda. roca ruseTis visuflebas mas samefos daTmoba erCia. amas-
moTxovna batoniSvilebis gadacemis Taobaze Tan erTad, mefem mTeli TavdajerebulobiT
kategoriuli gaxda, quTaTeli mitropoli- ganacxada, rom Zalis gamoyenebiT batoniS-
ti dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi,, Tavadebi zurab wereTeli da vils cixidan veravin gaaTavisuflebda. mefis
qaixosro wereTeli da bolos, TviT solo- gancxadebas bronevskim arcTu mokrZalebiT
mon II iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebs ar- upasuxa: ruseTis imperias ar Sehferis Tavisi
wmunebdnen, rom imereTis samefos gadarCena siZlieriT Tavis mowoneba, magram Tu batoniS-
damokidebuli iyo imaze, Seurigdebodnen Tu vilis gaTavisuflebis mizniT meore elCobac
ara batoniSvilebi ruseTis xelisuflebas. warumateblad damTavrdeba, SeiZleba imereTis
solomon II batoniSvilebs arwmunebda, rom mefes ruseTis imperatoris risxva daatydes
ruseTis imperatoris nebis Seusruleblobis Tavso. amasTan erTad, bronevskim ganacxada,
SemTxvevaSi ruseTi jars Seiyvanda imereTSi rom Tu mefis sityva saboloo iyo, igi meore
da, Tu batoniSvilebi datyvevebas gadaurCe- dResve datovebda imereTs. bronevskis bolo
bodnen, maTi imereTidan gaqceva gardauvali gancxadebaze solomons pasuxi ar gaucia, ris
iyo. iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebma rCeva gamoc rusi moxele TbilisSi gamosamgzavre-
ar miiRes, maTTvis warmoudgeneli iyo ru- blad mzadebas Seudga. imave Rames Tavadma
seTis xelisuflebasTan Serigeba. quTaisSi qaixosro wereTelma da quTaTelma mitropo-
myofi s. bronevski ramdenjerme Sexvda ba- litma dosiTeozma bronevskis sTxoves erTi
toniSvilebs, magram erTkvirianma molapara- dRe kidev darCeniliyo quTaisSi, raTa kidev
kebam Sedegi ar gamoiRo, _ iulonsac da far- erTxel ecadaT mefeze zegavlenis moxdena.
navazsac jer kidev ar daekargaT qarTl-kaxe- meore dRes solomon II-m bronevski TavisTan
Tis samefos aRdgenis imedi. miiwvia da ganucxada, rom Tanaxma iyo ba-
iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebTan toniSvilis gaTavisuflebaze. mefem rus mox-
warumatebeli molaparakebis Semdeg s. bro- elesTan saubarSi aRniSna, rom igi aleqsan-
nevskim solomon II-s kategoriulad mosTxova dr I-is dapirebas endoboda da imedi hqonda,
konstantine batoniSvilis gaTavisufleba. ruseTis imperatoris mfarvelobiT imereTis
mefe TiTqos Tanaxma iyo batoniSvilis gaS- samefo SinaaSlilobisagan daculi iqneboda.
vebisa, magram mas aSinebda samefoSi mosa- 1803 wlis maisSi konstantine batoniSvi-
lodneli SinaaSliloba. Tu konstanistine li muxuris cixidan gaaTavisufles, sadac man
batoniSvili ruseTSi gaemgzavreboda, mefe 10 weli gaatara. aRmoCnda, rom konstantines
winaaRmdegi ar iyo misi gaTavisuflebisa, ma- ara Tu batoniSvilis Sesaferisi, aramed Cveu-
gram Tu batoniSvili TbilisSi darCeboda, lebrivi tansacmelic ki ar gaaCnda. ruseTis
solomon II imereTis samefoSi SinaaSlilobis xazinas konstantine batoniSvilis gaTavisu-
dawyebas gardauvlad miiCnevda. solomon II fleba 2.291 maneTi da 173 Cervoneci daujda.
1802 wels aleqsandr I-is mier gamogzavnil rusebs sakmaod dawvrilebiTi angariSi Seud-
werilsa da imperatoris 1803 wlis 23 Teberv- geniaT finansuri danaxarjebis Sesaxeb. muxu-
lis reskripts Soris arsebulma winaaRmde- ridan quTaisSi gasamgzavreblad momzadebasa
gobam SeaSfoTa. 1802 wlis ivlisSi sokolo- da TviT mgzavrobaze 30 Cervoneci daxarju-
vis mier solomon II-Tvis gadacemul werilSi la, quTaisSi _ 70 Cervoneci, quTaisidan sur-
aRniSnuli iyo, rom cixidan gaTavisuflebis amamde batoniSvilisa da s. bronevskis mgza-
Semdeg konstantine batoniSvili ruseTSi vroba amaliTurT _ 23 Cervoneci, suramidan
gaemgzavreboda da samudamod iq darCeboda Tbilisamde _50 maneTi. TbilisSi Camosvlis
sacxovreblad. aleqsandr I-is 1803 wlis 23 Semdeg xarjebi gaizarda. aznauri simon aval-
Tebervlis reskriptSi cicianovisadmi aRniS- iani,, romelic muxuris cixeSi konstantine
iani
nuli iyo, rom batoniSvili dedasTan erTad batoniSvilis janmrTelobaze zrunavda, 50
saqarTveloSi icxovrebda. solomon II-m bro- CervoneciT daajildoves, xolo imerel azn-
175
aur maWavarians
maWavarians,, romelic s. bronevskis Ta- imereTis samefos qveSevrdomobaSi miRebas
visi misiis ganxorcielebaSi exmareboda, 100 siamovnebiT dasTanxmdeboda, magram mfarv-
maneTi uboZes, 100 maneTiT daajildoves azn- elobaSi miRebisagan Tavs Seikavebda. solo-
auri daviT mamacaSvilic.
mamacaSvilic. pavel cicianovisa mon lioniZe mefes arwmunebda, rom ruseTis
da qaixosro wereTlis saidumlo molapara- imperatoris mfarvelobas miaRwevda.
kebis Tanaxmad, am ukanasknelma jildod 1.066 pavel cicianovi 1803 wlis 12 ivniss
maneTi da 66 kapiki miiRo. konstantine ba- aleqsandr I-dmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi aRniS-
toniSvilis samoslis SesaZenad daixarja 224 navda, rom imereTis samefos ruseTis qve-
maneTi da 94 kapiki, xolo misi xmali 150 ma- SevrdomobaSi miReba sasargeblo iqneboda
neTi dajda. imperiisaTvis. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
konstantine batoniSvili TbilisSi 1803 ruseTis imperators Seaxsenebda, rom 30 wlis
wlis 30 maiss Camovida s. bronevskisa da sol- win quCuk-kainarjis traqtatiT (daido 1774
omon lioniZis TanxlebiT. solomon lioni- wels _ v. g.) ruseTma imereTis samefo, is-
Zem Tan Camoitana solomon II-is werili ale- eve, rogorc samegrelosa da guriis samTav-
qsandr I-dmi. imereTis mefis meore werili roebi, osmalTa batonobisagan gaaTavisufla,
pavel cicianovsac gadasces. solomon II saqa- osmaleTis xelSi darCa mxolod Savi zRvis
rTvelos mTavarsardals arwmunebda, rom man sanapiroze mdebare simagreebi. cicianovi im-
yvela Rone ixmara, raTa iulon da farnavaz perators imasac moaxsenebda, rom osmaleTs
batoniSvilebs imereTi daetovebinaT da ru- imereTis samefos mimarT aranairi samar-
seTis xelisuflebas Serigebodnen. imereTis Tliani pretenzia ar SeiZleboda hqonoda.
mefe cicianovs sTxovda, konstantine ba- solomon II-is 1803 wlis 28 maisis werilamde
toniSvilTan erTad solomon lioniZisaTvi- da cicianovis 1803 wlis 12 ivnisis moxsene-
sac mieca peterburgSi gamgzavrebis ufleba. bamdec ruseTis saimperatoro kari ukve se-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma moimizeza, rom riozulad dainteresebuli iyo imereTis
Tergze wyaldidobis Sedegad xidebi iyo samefoSi poziciebis mopovebiT. peterburgSi
dazianebuli, amitom konstantine batoniS- ukve icodnen, rom imereTis tyeebi mdidari
vilisa da solomon lioniZis peterburgSi iyo gemTmSeneblobisTvis aucilebeli sauke-
gamgzavreba 1803 wlis Semodgomamde gadai- Teso xarisxis masaliT, romlis gadatana
do. batoniSvilis peterburgSi gamgzavrebis quTaisidan Savi zRvis sanapiromde mdinare
gadadebas cicianovi imiTac xsnida, rom sul rioniT SeiZleboda. rioni SeiZleboda gamoy-
male peterburgidan TbilisSi dabrundeboda enebuliyo, rogorc mniSvnelovani savaWro
dedofali ana. imperatori ar daeTanxma ci- arteria evropasa da azias Soris. yovelive
cianovs da 1803 wlis 2 agvistos reskriptiT zemoTqmuls emateboda isic, rom Savi zRvis
konstantine batoniSvilis peterburgSi gag- sanapiro zolisa da simagreebis dauflebiT
zavna daavala. imperatori Tvlida, rom es osmaleTTan momaval dapirispirebaSi ruseTi
aucilebeli iyo imereTis mefis dasamSvide- seriozul upiratesobas moipovebda. ruseTis
blad da, amave dros, iqneboda solomon II-dmi saimperatoro karis dainteresebam xel-fexi
madlierebis gamoxatuleba. gauxsna cicianovs, man yoveli Rone ixmara,
3.. solomon lioniZis misia peterburgSi. raTa solomon lioniZis peterburgSi gamg-
solomon lioniZem TbilisSi Tan Camoitana zavreba daeCqarebina. imereTis mefis elCi
imereTis mefe solomon II-is werili ruse- peterburgSi 1803 wlis 5 agvistos Cavida da
Tis imperator aleqsandr I-dmi. werili 1803 aleqsandr I-s mfarvelobaSi SesvlasTan daka-
wlis 22 maiss iyo Sedgenili quTaisSi. cxa- vSirebiT solomon II-is pirobebi (saTxovari
dia, imereTis mefe mixvda, rom samegrelos punqtebi) warudgina.
samTavros ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlam solomon II ruseTis imperiis mfarvelo-
igi mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. samegrelos baSi Sesvlis pirobebad ayenebda: 1. ruseTis
mTavris ukan ukve ruseTis imperatori idga, imperators yvela saxelmwifosaTvis unda
imereTis mefes ki aseTi mfarveli ar hyav- ecnobebina, rom imereTis samefos sazRvrebi
da. solomon II-s raRac unda eRona. bolos ucvleli darCeboda; 2. imereTSi imefebdnen
mefem gadawyvita, rom ruseTis imperatori- solomon II da misi STamomavloba; 3. Tu
saTvis mfarvelobaSi miReba eTxova. solomon solomon II-s vaJi ar eyoleboda, mis Semdeg
II-m, cxadia, icoda, rom ruseTis imperatori taxtze batoniSvili konstantine avidoda;
176
vaxtang guruli
4. imereTis mefes, samegrelos mTavarsa da visi erTguleba daemtkicebina. igi aleqsandr

guriis mTavars Soris arsebuli uTanxmoe- I-s Seaxsenebda ruseTisaTvis adre gaweuli
bis mosagvareblad ruseTis imperators unda samsaxuris Sesaxeb (igulisxmeboda solomon
moevlinebina Suamavali. saTxovari punqtebis II-is moRvaweoba giorgi XII-is mefobis Jams _
wardgenasTan erTad, solomon lioniZem ga- v. g.), qeba-didebas asxamda ruseTis impera-
nacxada: Tu ruseTis imperatori solomon tors da yvela saSualebiT cdilobda raime
II-is SeTavazebul pirobebs miiRebda, mefe jildo mieRo misgan. imereTis mefis elCi
dauyovnebliv daificebda ruseTis imperato- Tavs ise warmoaCenda, TiTqos imereTis samefos
ris erTgulebaze; mefe pirobas debda, rom beds wyvetda ara solomon II, aramed solomon
ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi SesvlisTa- lioniZe, romelsac mefisagan hqonda ganusaz-
nave daiwyebda sabrZolo moqmedebebs afxa- Rvreli rwmunebebi da didi gavlenis moxdena
zeTis SemoerTebisa da foTis dasakaveblad. SeeZlo mefeze.
mefeze...
rogorc lioniZe acxadebda, foTs imereTis 4. solomon II-sa da pavel cicianovis
mefe ruseTs gadascemda. foTs ruseTisaTvis urTierToba. ruseTis saimperatoro karma,
didi mniSvneloba hqonda rogorc samxedro- rusma samxedroebma da diplomatebma Tavi-
strategiuli, ise savaWro TvalsazrisiT. danve SeniSnes, rom ruseTis imperiis mfarv-
amitom iyo, rom solomon II-is SeTavazebas elobaSi Sesvla solomon II-s gulwrfelad ar
peterburgSi didi interesiT moekidnen. ru- surda. mefes es nabiji gadaadgmevina samegre-
seTi dainteresebuli iyo Savi zRvis samxedro los samTavros swrafvam ruseTis imperiis
da savaWro flotis mSeneblobisaTvis imereTi- qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlisaken, rac samegre-
dan xe-tyis gataniT, aseve Savi zRvis sanapiro- los mTavars imereTis mefesTan SedarebiT
dan quTaisamde rionze Tavisufali naosnobiT. garkveul upiratesobas miscemda. solomon
amis sanacvlod solomon II-is elCi iTxovda II grigol dadianis winaaRmdeg leCxumisaTvis
osmaleTTan omis SemTxvevaSi imereTis same- oms veRar gaagrZelebda da mas Tavis qveSevr-
fos dacvas ruseTis jariT. 1803 wlis 9 agvis- domad veRar miiCnevda. Tavis antirusul gan-
tos lioniZem ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa samin- wyobilebas imereTis mefe solomon lioniZis
istroSi waradgina moxseneba. imereTis mefis peterburgSi yofnis periodSic ki ver mala-
elCi werda, rom osmaleTsa da iranTan omis vda. solomon II grigol dadians sTavazobda
SemTxvevaSi imereTis samefos ruseTisaTvis ar eTxova ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomoba
didi strategiuli mniSvneloba eqneboda. da maT Soris arsebuli urTierToba ruseTis
imereTidan ruseTis jari daubrkoleblad mi- gareSe moegvarebinaT. grigol dadians ukve
vidoda Savi zRvis sanapiromde da osmaleTis gadawyvetili hqonda ruseTis qveSevrdomo-
mflobelobaSi arsebul foTis simagremde. baSi Sesvla, amitom imereTis mefis SemoTava-
lioniZe ruseTis dainteresebis mizniT ima- zebas uariT upasuxa.
sac aRniSnavda, rom Savi zRvis sanapirosTan peterburgSi solomon lioniZis gagza-
mdebare paliastomis tbidan, romelic Ses- vnasTan erTad imereTis mefem elCi gagzavna
aniSnavi navTsayudeli iyo, ruseTis xomal- stambolSi.. solomon II osmaleTis sulTans
stambolSi
debs SeeZloT 24 saaTSi mieRwiaT yirimamde, ruseTis mosalodneli agresiisagan dacvas
xolo sam dReSi _ bosforisa da dardane- sTxovda. imereTis mefis elCoba stambolSi
lis sruteebamde. moxsenebaSi aseve aRniSnu- warumateblad dasrulda. ruseTis imperiis
li iyo, rom Savi zRvis sanapiroze arsebul elCi stambolSi andrei italinski saqarT-
tyeebSi izrdeboda gemTmSeneblobisaTvis velos mTavarsardal pavel cicianovs swer-
aucilebeli xeebi, romlis maragsac ruseTi da, rom osmaleTma imereTis mefes ruseTis
ver amowuravda. moxsenebas lioniZe STambeW- imperiis winaaRmdeg daxmarebaze uari uTxra.
davad asrulebda: ruseTisaTvis saqarTvelo- miuxedavad amisa, solomon II antirusul
dan sargebelis miReba damokidebuli iyo politikas ar cvlida
cvlida.. 1803 wlis 31 agvistos
imereTze. cicianovi aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda, rom
solomon lioniZem ruseTis saimperato- imereTis mefe ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesv-
ro karis dainteresebis mizniT iseTi dapir- las imitom iTxovda, rom samegrelos mTavari
ebebi gasca, risi uflebamosilebac solomon grigol dadiani daemorCilebina. generali
II-gan ar hqonda. imereTis mefis elCi cdi- imperators afrTxilebda, rom peterburgSi
lobda ruseTis saimperatoro karisaTvis Ta- myofi solomon lioniZis TxovnisaTvis se-
177
riozuli yuradReba ar mieqcia. cicianovi isaTvis gaugzavnia. amrigad, grigol dadianma

werda, rom solomon II meryevi, aramtkice xa- daviT mamacaSvilis Sepyrobis ambavi icoda,
siaTis mefe iyo, rac qveSevrdomebSi mis av- xolo cicianovs aranairi cnoba ar hqonda.
toritets laxavda. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- grigol dadians moufiqrebia da 1803 wlis
dali ar gamoricxavda, rom mefis avtorite- 31 agvistos momxdaris Sesaxeb weriliT uc-
tis dacemas imereTis samefoSi SeiZleba didi nobebia cicianovisaTvis. saqarTvelos mTa-
ryevebi gamoewvia. varsardalma samegrelos mTavars sapasuxo
ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandr I-ma, werili miswera da igi konspiraciis mizniT
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, samegrelos sam- ara Tavis warmomadgenels, aramed imereTSi
Tavros ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi miReba mimaval Tavad falavandiSvils gaatana. Ta-
gadawyvita da grigol dadianTan uSualo mo- vad falavandiSvils, romelsac imereTSi na-
laparakeba saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel Tesavebi hyavda, cicianovma sTxova quTaisSi
cicianovs daavala. Tavis mxriv, cicianovma Casvlis Semdeg sando kacis xeliT werili
samegrelos mTavarTan mosalaparakeblad grigol dadianisaTvis gaegzavna. imereTis
aznauri daviT mamacaSvili gagzavna. cici- mefis brZanebiT, Tavadi falavandiSvilic
anovma icoda, rom imereTis mefes samegrelos Seipyres da didi xniT Seaferxes misi Tbilis-
samTavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Si dabruneba.
Sesvla ar surda, amitom iyo, rom generalma pavel cicianovi jerjerobiT ar apir-
daviT mamacaSvils ubrZana samegreloSi ax- ebda imereTis mefis moqmedebis aRsakveTad
alcixis gavliT Casuliyo da am gziT Tavi- raime seriozuli RonisZiebis gatarebas, Tum-
dan aecilebina imereTis samefoSi moxvedra. ca solomon II-s agrZnobina, rom yvelaferi
generlis SiSi usafuZvlo ar aRmoCnda. 1803 uwyoda. Tavad falavandiSvilis imereTidan
wlis 31 ivliss cicianovi ruseTis imperiis dabrunebis Semdeg cicianovma werili gaugza-
kanclers moaxsenebda, rom daviT mamacaS- vna solomon II-s. generali mefes swerda, rom
vilis Tbilisidan gamgzavrebis Semdeg sul informirebuli iyo imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
male masTan gamocxaddnen grigol dadianis moepyrnen imereTSi grigol dadianis warmo-
aznaurebi, qaixosro da rostom kvinixiZeebi
kvinixiZeebi.. madgenlebs, qaixosro da konstantine kvinix-
gairkva, rom samegrelos mTavris warmomad- iZeebs, rogor wamebiT mokles erT-erTi maT-
genlebi imereTSi SeupyriaT cicianovisaTvis gani. cicianovi im faqtsac ar tovebda uyu-
gadasacemi werilebi CamourTmeviaT da cixe- radRebod, rom grigol dadianis mier misT-
Si gamouketavT, Tumca ramdenime dRis Sem- vis gamogzavnili werilebi quTaisSi gaxsnes
deg gauTavisuflebiaT. cicianovi 1803 wlis da waikiTxes. werilis bolos saqarTvelos
31 agvistos moxsenebaSi ruseTis imperators mTavarsardali aRniSnavda, rom momxdariT
swerda, rom Tbilisidan samegreloSi dab- imereTis mefem `daarRvia stumarTmoyvare-
runebuli qaixosro da rostom kvinixiZeebi obis wesi, romelic miRebulia yvela qris-
isev SeupyriaT imereTSi. erT-erT maTgans qa- tianul qveyanaSi da saerTod, mTels aziaSi,
rTlis sazRvrebisaken gamoqceva mouxerxebia, veluri xalxic ki icavs elCebis xelSeuxe-
xolo meoresaTvis cicianovis mier grigol blobas“. cicianovi mefes swerda, rom ar Seu-
dadinTan gagzavnili werilebi CamourTmevi- Zlia dafaros is gaoceba da mwuxareba, rac
aT, araadamianurad uwamebiaT da cixis koSki- masSi samegrelos mTavris warmoamdgenlebis
dan rionSi gadaugdiaT. kvinixiZeebis Tanmx- Sepyrobam da wamebam gamoiwvia. es werili
lebi ori msaxuridan erTi mouklavT, xolo cicianovma mefes Tavisi warmomadgenlis xe-
meores gaqceviT uSvelia TavisaTvis. solo- liT ki ar gaugzavna, aramed fostiT. fosta
mon II-s saidanRac Seutyvia Tbilisidan daviT werils suramamde Caitanda, xolo suramidan
mamacaSvilis axalcixis gziT samegreloSi quTaisSi _ kurieri. cicianovi solomon II-s
gamgzavreba. mefes qaixosro gurielisaTvis,
gurielisaTvis, sTxovda, rom sapasuxo werili mis warmomad-
romelic imxanad guriis samTavros ganagebda, genels suramSi Caebarebina ruseTis fosti-
uTxovia axalcixidan guriis teritoriaze Se- saTvis. amiT generalma mefes agrZnobina, rom
mosuli daviT mamacaSvili Seepyro. qaixosro igi werilis dakargvas veRar moimizezebda da
guriels daviT mamacaSvili Seupyria, cicia- amdenad, surda Tu ar surda, cicianovis wer-
novis werili CamourTmevia, werilis dedani ilze pasuxi unda gaeca.
solomon II-Tvis, xolo asli grigol dadian- pavel cicianovi cdilobda imereTis
178
vaxtang guruli
mefe daerwmunebina imaSi, rom samegrelos lmobieri saSualebebiT SeuZlebelia. Tqven

samTavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi uflebamosileba gaqvT imereTis mefe taxti-
Sesvla aranair zians ar moutanda imereTis dan gadaayenoTo
gadaayenoTo.. imavdroulad, 1804 wlis 18
samefos, piriqiT, ruseTi solomon II-sa da ianvars, ruseTis imperiis kancleris davale-
grigol dadians Soris Suamavali iqneboda biT sagareo saqmeTa saministros mrCevelma
da mefesa da mTavars Searigebda. generali tatiSCevma TavisTan miiwvia imereTis mefis
imasac aRniSnavda, rom imereTis samefos ru- elCi solomon lioniZe da gadasca sagareo
seTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg saqmeTa saministros nota. notaSi aRniSnuli
samegrelosa da imereTis urTierToba sab- iyo: 1. imereTis mefe solomon II araadamianu-
olood mogvardeboda. cicianovi imereTis rad moeqca samegrelos mTavar grigol dadi-
mefes sTxovda samegrelos samTavros mimarT anTan saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel cici-
pretenziebisagan Tavi Seekavebina, Tundac anovis wargzavnilebs; 2. maSin, rodesac imere-
solomon lioniZis peterburgidan dabrune- Tis samefos elCi peterburgSia da solomon
bamde. solomon II-m 1803 wlis 1 oqtombers II-is saxeliT ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi
cicianovs acnoba, rom aznauri kvinixiZe misi Sesvlas iTxovs, imereTis mefis meore elCi
nebarTvis gareSe mokles. mefe werda, rom stambolSi Cadis da osmaleTis mfarvelobas
kvinixiZeebma cxenebi moipares, gaqceulebs eZiebs; 3. imereTis mefe agrZelebs Tavdasxmas
cxenebis patroni daewia da erT-erTi maTgani samegrelos samTavroze. erT-erTi laSqro-
mokla. mefe aseve werda, rom Tavadi fala- bis dros man samegrelodan waiyvana 400 tyve,
vandiSvili quTaisSi ki ar SeupyriaT, aramed Tumca kargad icoda, rom samegrelos sam-
avad gaxda da ukan droulad imitom ver gamo- Tavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi iyo
emgzavrao. Sesuli; 4. yovelive zemoT Tqmuli ruseTis
pavel cicianovi, rogorc zemoT aRvniS- mTavrobas aiZulebda Seewyvita molaparakeba
neT, solomon II-s winaaRmdeg jerjerobiT imereTis mefis elCTan. notis Sinaarsis mos-
gadamWreli zomebis miRebas ar apirebda. menis Semdeg solomon lioniZes sxva araferi
male, 1803 wlis 15 oqtombers, ruseTis impe- darCenoda garda imisa, rom tatiSCevi ruse-
riis kanclerma da sagareo saqmeTa ministrma Tisadmi mis pirad erTgulebaSi daerwmune-
aleqsandr voroncovma cicianovs usayvedura bina. Semdeg imereTis mefis elCma tatiSCevs
imis gamo, ratom droulad ar dasaja imere- sTxova neba miecaT misTvis notaze werilo-
Tis mefe da momxdari faqtebi ar gamoiyena biTi pasuxi gaeca. tatiSCevma elCs ganucxada:
imisaTvis, rom quTaisi ruseTis jars daeka- solomon II-is qmedebebi axsna-ganmartebas ar
vebina. aleqsandr voroncovis azriT, solo- moiTxovs, yvelaferi isedac cxadia da amde-
mon II-is Cadenili qmedebebi savsebiT sakmarisi nad, ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri el-
iyo imisaTvis, rom imereTis samefo ruseTs Cisagan aranair axsna-ganmartebas ar miiReb-
iaraRis ZaliT SeeerTebina. miuxedavad imisa, so. mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnilma solo-
rom sanam cicianovs imereTi ar daupyria, mon lioniZem tatiSCevs sTxova zepiri axsna-
voroncovis azriT, imereTis mefis elCis pe- ganmartebis ufleba mainc mieca. tatiSCe-
terburgSi yofnas da molaparakebas azri ar vis Tanxmobis Semdeg lioniZem ganacxada:
hqonda. imperiis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs imereTis samefodan stambolSi mfarvelobis
imedi ar hqonda, rom solomon II im pirobebs saTxovnelad Tu vinme Cavidoda, is iqneboda
daeTanxmeboda, romlebic imereTis mefis ara solomon II-is, aramed imereTSi TavSe-
saxeliT solomon lioniZem molaparakebisas farebuli qarTveli batoniSvilebis warmo-
waradgina. dasasrul, aleqsandr voroncovi madgeneli. cxadia, aseT sicrues tatiSCevi ar
cicianovs acnobebda, rom imereTis samefos- daijerebda. lioniZem imereTis mefis gamar-
Tan molaparakeba laxavda ruseTis imperiis Tleba samegrelos dalaSqvraSic gadawyvita
Rirsebas, ris gamoc aleqsandr I-ma molapara- da tatiSCevs aseTi ganmarteba misca: samegre-
kebis Sewyvetisa da solomon lioniZis peter- lo imereTis nawilia da mefes ufleba hqonda
burgidan gamgzavrebis brZaneba gasca. iq jariT Sesuliyoo, solomon II-s rom scod-
1803 wlis 21 dekembers ruseTis impe- noda samegrelos samTavros ruseTis impe-
riis kancleri da sagareo saqmeTa minis- riis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis ambavi, cxadia,
tri aleqsandr voroncovi pavel cicianovs samegrelos dalaSqvrisagan Tavs Seikavebdao.
swerda: solomon II-is veragobis aRkveTa cxadia, tatiSCevi elCis arc am gancxadebas
179
erwmuna. Sexvedris dasasruls lioniZem imedi vad amisa, imperatori cicianovs ubrZanebda
gamoTqva, rom Tu solomon II Tavis saqciels imereTis samefos dakavebis Semdeg jarebi
moinaniebda, ruseTis imperatori misdami samegrelos samTavroSi Seeyvana.
lmobierebas gamoiCenda. amasTan dakavSire- aleqsandr I-is 1803 wlis 26 oqtombris
biT tatiSCevma elCs ganucxada: ruseTis im- reskriptma, 1804 wlis ianvarSi ruseT-imere-
peratori imereTis mefes monaniebis saSu- Tis molaparakebis Sewyvetam da solomon li-
alebas miscems da gulwrfelad inaniebs Tu oniZis peterburgidan gamostumrebam cici-
ara igi Tavis saqciels, cxadad gamoCndeba im anovs xel-fexi gauxsna. generalma imereTis
molaparakebisas, romelic solomon II-sa da samefoSi jaris SeyvanisaTvis daiwyo mzadeba.
pavel cicianovs Soris unda gaimarToso. imereTis, xolo Semdeg samegrelos dasaka-
ruseTis imperiis kanclerma da sagareo veblad cicianovs, sul mcire, ori polki
saqmeTa ministrma aleqsandr voroncovma 1803 mainc sWirdeboda. saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
wlis 24 dekembers, jer kidev solomon lion- dali mZime mdgomareobaSi iyo, radgan ruse-
iZisa da tatiSCevis Sexvedramde, aleqsandr Tis jaris nawili ganjis saxanos winaaRmdeg
I-s Tavisi mosazreba warudgina imereTis same- gamiznuli eqspediciisaTvis sWirdeboda.
fos mfarvelobaSi miRebasTan dakavSirebiT. 5. molaparakeba qveSevrdomobis pirobe-
kancleri imperators urCevda, im SemTxvevaSi, bze. imereTis samefos ruseTis imperiis qve-
Tu imereTis mefe TxovniT mimarTavda qveSevr- SevrdomobaSi Sesvlis wina xanebSi samxreT
domobaSi Sesvlis Taobaze, Sesabamisi doku- kavkasiaSi mniSvnelovani movlena moxda. 1804
menti dauyovnebliv gaformebuliyo TbilisSi, wlis 3 ianvars pavel cicianovma SturmiT
Tumca ruseTis imperiis kanclerma da sagareo aiRo ganja. ruseTis jaris mier ganjis aRe-
saqmeTa ministrma kargad icoda, rom solo- bam Tavzari dasca iranis saxanoebs. ramdenime
mon II pozicias ar Seicvlida. amave azrisa xanma Tavisi warmomadgeneli gaugzavna cici-
iyo aleqsandr I-c. 1803 wlis 26 oqtombers anovs da mzadyofna gamoTqva ruseTis mTav-
aleqsandr I-ma xeli moawera reskripts pav- robis yvela survili aResrulebina. ciciano-
el cicianovisadmi. imperatori saqarTvelos vis mier ganjis dakavebam sagonebelSi Caagdo
mTavarsardals werda: 1. reskriptis miRebis imereTis mefe solomon II-c. kidev ufro mZime
Semdeg SearCie moxerxebuli dro da dai- mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda mefe mas Semdeg, rac
kave quTaisi da imereTis samefos sxva mniS- gaigo, rom ruseTis jaris kavkasiis grenad-
vnelovani simagreebi; 2. solomon II-is mier erTa polki imereTis sazRvars uaxlovdebo-
Tavisi saqcielis gulwrfelad monaniebis da, xolo saqarTvelos mTavarsardali cicia-
SemTxvevaSic ki jariT imereTis samefos da- novi suramSi apirebda Casvlas. marTalia, ci-
kaveba mainc gaagrZele; 3. mosaxleobas amcne, cianovma suramSi Casvla ver moaxerxa, magram
rom ruseTis jaris Seyvana imereTSi ganapi- es ar aqarwylebda im saSiSroebas, rasac ru-
roba solomon II-is mier ruseTis imperiis qve- seTis jaris imereTis sazRvarTan miaxloeba
SevrdomobaSi Sesuli samegrelos mTavris Se- uqmnida solomon II-s. imereTis samefoSi mTeli
viwroebam. aleqsandr I cicianovs afrTxileb- ZalebiT amoqmedda pavel cicianovis dazverva.
da imereTis samefoSi ruseTis jaris Seyvana mzveravebi yoveldRiur cnobebs awvdidnen
unda iyos ara SurisZieba, aramed imis garan- generals. 1804 wlis 22 Tebervals cicianovi
ti, rom samefoSi moispoba SinaaSliloba da ruseTis imperiis kancler aleqsandr voron-
usamarTloba. imperatori saqarTvelos mTa- covs werda, imereTis mefe Zalze SeSinebu-
varsardals aseve afrTxilebda, rom solo- lia da eZebs iseT adamianebs, romlebic Cem-
mon II-is gadayenebam cixidan gaTavisuflebuli Tan urTierTobis mogvarebaSi daexmarebiano.
konstantine batoniSvilis momxreebs ar unda saqarTvelos mTavarsardali kanclers imasac
gauCinos imedi batoniSvilis gamefebasTan da- acnobebda, rom solomon II-is mcdelobas is
kavSirebiT. ar gamoxmaurebia da mis mier migzavnili ada-
marTalia, samegrelos mTavari grigol mianebi ar miuRia. cicianovi mxolod Tavis
dadiani ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Zvel nacnob Tavad qaixosro wereTels dau-
Sesvlas iTxovda, magram aleqsandr I-is mier kavSirda da 1804 wlis 7 Tebervals sagangebo
1803 wlis 26 oqtombris reskriptis xelmow- weriliT mefesTan daaxloebul moxeles ac-
eris droisaTvis qveSevrdomobis aqti ofi- noba, rom aleqsandr I-ma imereTis samefos
cialurad gaformebuli ar yofila. miuxeda- jariT dakavebis brZaneba gasca. cxadia, ci-
180
vaxtang guruli
cianovi qaixosro wereTels imereTSi moma- voroncovi). mixail voroncovi amalasTan

voroncovi).
vali laSqrobis Sesaxeb saqmis kursSi imitom erTad solomon II-sTan Sesaxvedrad gaemg-
ayenebda, rom solomon II daeTrguna, samefoSi zavra. voroncovs Tan mihqonda im Txovnis
SiSi da panika gamoewvia. generali qaixosro (saTxovari punqtebis) proeqti, romelic
wereTels werda: imereTs CrdiloeTidan qa- imereTis mefes unda gaegzavna ruseTis im-
riSxali moelis, qariSxlis Tavidan acileba peratorisaTvis. cicianovma voroncovs ubr-
solomon II-s mxolod da mxolod morCilebis Zana, solomon II-Tvis saTxovari punqtebis
dadasturebiT SeuZliao. saqarTvelos mTa- proeqtSi erTi sityvis Secvlis uflebac ki
varsardali pirobas debda, rom Tu solomon ar mieca. saTxovari punqtebis Sinaarsi iseTi
II morCilebas gamoiCenda, mefobas mSvidad iyo, rom igi gamoricxavda mfarvelobas da am
gaagrZelebda. punqtebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi imereTis samefo
imereTSi samxedro eqspediciis mzadebis ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomi xdeboda. ci-
periodSic ki molaparakebebi ar Sewyvetila. cianovma mixail voroncovs solomon II-Tan
solomon II-sa da pavel cicianovs Soris mo- mosalaparakeblad Zalze mcire dro, sul 15
laparakeba Tavad giorgi abaSiZis meSveo- dRe misca. TxuTmet dReSi voroncovi unda
biT mimdinareobda. giorgi abaSiZe qaixosro Casuliyo quTaisSi, gaemarTa molaparakeba da
wereTlis simamri iyo da amitom cicianovi araugvianes 1804 wlis 24 martisa dabrunebu-
mas endoboda. molaparakebisas gairkva, rom liyo TbilisSi. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals
imereTis mefe yvela pirobaze Tanaxma iyo, Zalze moswonebia axalgazrda oficeri vo-
oRond misTvis mefoba SeenarCunebinaT. solo- roncovi. adam Cartoriskisadmi gagzavnil
mon II-is am moTxovnas cicianovma ar upasuxa. moxsenebaSi generali mas axasiaTebda, ro-
generalma giorgi abaSiZis meSveobiT mefes gorc Wkvians, keTilSobils, mamacs, erTguls
acnoba, rom misi suramSi Casvlis droisaT- da darwmunebuli iyo, rom mixail voronco-
vis iq unda Casuliyo solomon II-is warmomad- vis misia imereTSi warmatebiT dasruldebo-
geneli Tavadi qaixosro wereTeli, romelsac da. momaval molaparakebaze iyo damokidebu-
mefisagan molaparakebis sawarmoeblad yvela li, Sevidoda Tu ara ruseTis jari imereTis
rwmuneba eqneboda. cicianovi sagangebod samefoSi, Tu yvelaferi mSvidobianad dam-
aRniSnavda, rom molaparakeba gaimarTeboda Tavrdeboda. cicianovis imedebi ar gamarTl-
ara imereTis samefos ruseTis imperiis mfarv- da. 1804 wlis 21 marts voroncovma cicianovs
elobaSi, aramed qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlaze. acnoba, rom igi ramdenjerme Sexvda imereTis
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali qveSevrdomo- mefes, magram uSedegod. 1804 wlis 20 marts
baSi Sesvlis Taobaze yvela pirobis miRebis solomon II-m mixail voroncovs Seatyobina,
SemTxvevaSi solomon II-s mefobis SenarCune- rom saTxovar punqtebze xels ar moawerda.
bas pirdeboda. amrigad, viTareba moulod- 1804 wlis 21 martis moxsenebaSi voroncovi
nelad Seicvala: imereTis jariT dakaveba aRniSnavda, rom solomon II mzad iyo mxolod
SeiZleboda aucilebeli aRar yofiliyo da ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daefica da
yvelaferi molaparakebiT damTavrebuliyo. aranair dokumentze xelmoweras ar apirebda.
1804 wlis 10 marts ruseTis imperiis aSkara iyo, rom imereTis mefe mxolod ru-
sagareo saqmeTa ministr adam CartoriskisaT- seTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlaze iyo
vis gagzavnil werilSi pavel cicianovi Tanaxma da qveSevrdomobis miReba ar surda.
aRniSnavda, rom masTan gamocxaddnen imere- imereTis mefem Suamavals ganucxada, rom Ta-
Tis mefis elCebi Tavadi qaixosro wereTe- vis gadawyvetilebas is werilobiT moaxseneb-
li da Tavadi sexnia wulukiZe
wulukiZe.. elCebi mTa- da cicianovs. voroncovma mefes acnoba, rom
varsardals gorSi Sexvdnen da solomon II-is igi aseT werils saqarTvelos mTavarsardals
saxeliT ganjis aReba miuloces. cicianovi ar gadascemda. solomon II-m mixail voron-
adam Cartoriskis moaxsenebda, rom imereTis covs kidev erTxel gaumeora, rom umZimesi
mefis elCebma mas sTxoves solomon II-Tan mo- viTarebis miuxedavad, igi qveSevrdomobaSi
salaparakeblad maTTvis gaeyolebina rusi Sesvlis Taobaze saTxovar punqtebs xels ar
moxele. cicianovma imereTis mefesTan mo- moawerda da xeli kidec rom moewera, mas ara-
salaparakeblad SearCia leib-gvardiis preo- sodes Seasrulebda.
braJenskis polkis kamergeri voroncovi (ka- mixail voroncovis TbilisSi dabrunebis
vkasiis momavali mefisnacvali grafi mixail Semdeg pavel cicianovma TavisTan daiba-
181
ra peterburgidan TbilisSi dabrunebuli da 50 kapiks.

imereTis mefis elCi solomon lioniZe. mTa- solomon lioniZesTan erTad quTaisSi
varsardals gadawyvetili hqonda imereTSi gaemgzavra Tavadi giorgi abaSiZe
abaSiZe.. mas cici-
jariT SeWramde solomon II-Tan mosalapara- anovma daavala: imereTis is Tavadebi, romle-
keblad amjerad lioniZe gaegzavna. 1804 wlis bic mefes daarwmunebdnen saTxovar punqtebze
23 marts cicianovi adam Cartoriskis werda: xelis moweris aucileblobaSi, miiRebdnen
susti xasiaTis, unebisyofo solomon II-s ar fulad jildos. Tavadma giorgi abaSiZem
SeuZlia Tavadebis winaaRmdegobis daZleva, 10.000 maneTis sanacvlod moisyida solomon
romelTa nawili imereTis samefos ruseTis II-Tan daaxloebuli ramdenime Tavadi. mo-
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis winaaRmde- laparakebis procesSi solomon II gamouval
giao. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali sagareo mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda, rac ganpirobebuli
saqmeTa ministrs moaxsenebda, rom mefes eSin- iyo Semdegi mizezebiT: 1. peterburgSi solo-
ia Tavadebma ar miatovon da saerTod gari- mon lioniZis warumatebeli elCobiT; 2. pavel
yuli ar darCeso. rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos cicianovis umkacresi moTxovnebiT; 3. mosy-
mTavarsardalma kargad icoda imereTis same- iduli Tavadebis daJinebuli TxovniT. 1804
fos ukiduresi ekonomikuri siduxWiris Ses- wlis 6 aprils giorgi abaSiZe da solomon
axeb, samefos xazina dacarielebuli iyo, mefe lioniZe cicianovs moaxsenebdnen, rom imere-
TiTqmis usaxsrod iyo darCenili. cicianovi Tis mefe ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
cdilobda Seqmnili viTareba Tavis sasarge- Sesvlis Taobaze mis mier SeTavazebul saTx-
blod gamoeyenebina. 1804 wlis 23 marts gen- ovar punqtebs dasTanxmda. Tanxmobis Sesaxeb
erali adam Cartoriskis werda, rom imereTSi piradad solomon II-mac acnoba cicianovs.
jaris SeWramde ruseTis momxre Tavadebis 7.. ruseTis jaris Sesvla imereTis same-
mosyidvas apirebda. foSi. solomon II-isa da pavel cicianovis mo-
6.. pavel cicianovis 1804 wlis 30 martis laparakeba sofel elaznaurSi. quTaisidan
nota.. pavel cicianovi mxolod imereTis Ta-
nota miRebuli cnobebis Semdeg cicianovi dauy-
vadebis mosyidvis imedad ar iyo. 1804 wlis 30 ovnebliv gaemarTa sofel vaxanisaken, ro-
marts saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma imereTis melic imereTisa da samcxe-saaTabagos sazR-
mefis elCs, solomon lioniZes gadasca nota, varze mdebareobda. mTavarsardalma brZaneba
romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: 1. imereTis samefos gasca, rom suramidan vaxanisaken daZruliyo
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis egerTa polkis me-9 aseuli 1 savele qvemexiT.
Taobaze solomon II-Tan mixail voroncovis quTaisidan cicianovis Sesaxvedrad gasuli
molaparakebis uSedegod dasrulebis Semdeg solomon II jer sofel CxerSi Cavida, xolo
aucilebeli gaxda imereTSi ruseTis jaris Semdeg sofel leRvanSi SeCerda. cicianovi
Seyvana, jaris gamoyenebiT unda gadaiWras leRvanidan 7 versis moSorebiT idga. 1804
is, risi gadaWrac mSvidobianad SeiZleboda; wlis 16 aprils, naSuadRevs, solomon II da
2. imereTis mefes daRupvisagan ixsnida saTx- cicianovi pirvelad Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. Sex-
ovar punqtebze xelis mowera da imereTis vedra uSedegod damTavrda. meore Sexvedra
samefos ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi 19 aprils gaimarTa sofel elaznaurSi
elaznaurSi.. xan-
Sesvla; 3. imereTis mefe ramdenime TavadTan grZlivi molaparakeba amjeradac uSedegod
erTad samefo sazRvrebs gareT qveSevrdomo- damTavrda. uTanxmoeba gamoiwvia leCxumis
bis Sesaxeb dokumentis gasaformeblad unda sakiTxma. solomon II iTxovda leCxumis imere-
Sexvedroda cicianovs; 4. notaSi dasmul Tis samefos nawilad aRiarebas. garda amisa,
sakiTxebze pasuxis gasacemad imereTis mefes imereTis mefe saboloo gadawyvetilebis
eZleoda 8 dRe, am droSi Sedioda gza Tbili- miRebamde TavadebTan moTaTbirebas apireb-
sidan quTaisamde da quTaisidan Tbilisamde; da. cicianovi Tavadebis sabWos mowvevas dae-
5. Tu imereTis mefe qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Tanxma. molaparakeba droebiT Sewyda. Semdeg
Taobaze saTxovar punqtebs xels moawerda, solomon II molaparakebaze aRar gamocxade-
ruseTis jari imereTSi Sevidoda, solomon bula da Tavis nacvlad Tavadebi rostom wu-
II-s imereTis sazRvarTan ruseTis jarisaTvis lukiZe da qqaixosro
aixosro wereTeli gagzavna. mefis
unda daexvedrebina 200 uremi jaris tvirTis warmomadgenlebma cicianovs leCxumis imere-
gadasatanad. samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg Tis samefos nawilad cnoba mosTxoves. leCx-
TiToeuli meurme miiRebda qiras _ 1 maneTsa umTan dakavSirebiT cicianovma ganacxada:
182
vaxtang guruli
samegrelos samTavros ruseTis imperiis qve- Sexedulebisamebr SeeZlo gadaewyvita saqa-

SevrdomobaSi Sesvlis dros leCxumi samegre- rTvelos mTavarsardals, misi neba iyo, ba-
los samTavros nawilad iqna aRiarebuli, ris toniSvils imereTSi datovebda, Tu Tbilis-
gamoc misi imereTis samefos nawilad aRiareba Si waiyvanda. TbilisSi wayvanis SemTxvevaSi
veRar moxdebao. molaparakebebi isev Sewyda. konstantine batoniSvils imereTSi mamulebi
1804 wlis 25 aprils cicianovi aleqsandr I-s CamoerTmeoda da ukan aRar daubrundeboda.
moaxsenebda, rom gamomSvidobebisas man imere- 1804 wlis 23 aprils sofel elaznaurSi
Tis mefes ganucxada: `samwuxarod, rogorc dainiSna solomon II-sa da pavel cicianovis
Cans, aucilebeli xdeba Cveni sxvagvari Sexve- Sexvedra. imereTis mefes ruseTis qveSevr-
dra, brZolis velze xmliT xelSi“. domoba unda mieRo da ruseTis imperatoris
molaparakebis procesSi 1804 wlis 20 erTgulebis fici mieRo. cicianovma Sexve-
aprils egerTa polkis me-9 aseulma pod- dris win 1804 wlis 22 aprils imereTis mefes
polkovnik erisTavis meTaurobiT sofel acnoba, rom gakvirvebuli iyo mis mier wamoy-
vaxanis SemogarenSi ruseTis imperatoris enebuli moTxovnebiT, gansakuTrebiT leCx-
erTgulebaze daafica mosaxleoba (Tavadebi, umis sakiTxis dasmiT. 1804 wlis 23 aprils
aznaurebi, glexebi). 19 aprils qarTlidan sofel elaznaurSi dawyebuli molaparakeba
imereTSi kavkasiis grenaderTa polkiT gadas- kvlav mZimed mimdinareobda. solomon II-s ar
vla daiwyo general-maiorma sergei tuCkovma. surda leCxumis daTmoba. miuxedavad amisa,
imereTis samefos sazRvrebSi Sesvlis Semdeg mefe mainc dasTanxmda da 1804 wlis 25 aprils
tuCkovmac soflebis mosaxleoba ruseTis im- solomon II da pavel cicianovi kvlav Sexvdnen
peratoris erTgulebaze daafica. mosaxleo- erTmaneTs. solomon II-m xeli moawera imere-
bis daficebisas gansakuTrebiT gamouCenia Tis samefos ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomoba-
Tavi polkovnik kozlovskis
kozlovskis. Si Sesvlis Taobaze saTxovar punqtebs da ru-
sofel elaznauridan quTaisSi gabruneb- seTis imperatoris erTgulebis fici dado.
ulma solomon II-m isev pavel cicianovTan 8.. solomon II-is mier xelmowerili saTx-
molaparakebis ganaxleba gadawyvita. saqarT- ovari punqtebi ruseTis imperators
imperators.. 1804
velos mTavarsardals eaxlnen mefis warmo- wlis 25 aprils sofel elaznaurSi xelmower-
madgenlebi, Tavadebi: giorgi abaSiZe, qaixos- ili saTxovari punqtebi aseTi Sinaarsisa iyo:
ro wereTeli, rostom wulukiZe.
wulukiZe. 1804 wlis 21 1. imereTis mefe acxadebda, rom igi, iseve,
aprils solomon II cicianovs werda, rom mzad rogorc imereTis samefo, Sedioda ruseTis
iyo ruseTis imperatoris qveSevrdomobaSi imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi: `mivscem Tavs Cemsa
Sesuliyo. cicianovisadmi gagzavnil weril- yovlisa Cemisa sjulierisa STamomavlobi-
Si solomon II acxadebda, rom molaparakebis sa Tana da yovlisa STamomavlobisa Tana da
dawyebis wina pirobad miiCnevda Semdegs: 1. yovlisa ruseTis xelmwifebasa, aw bednierad
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis mefed myofsa yovlad uganaTlebulessa ale-
Semdeg imereTSi mefoba ar unda gauqmebuli- qsandre pavles Zesa TviTmpyrobelsa yovlisa
yo; 2. leCxumi manam nu gamocxaddeboda same- ruseTisasa da maRalTa misTa menaculeTa“.
grelos samTavros nawilad, sanam imereTis (rusul TargmanSi: „...предаю себя со всем моим
mefe saqarTvelos mTavarsardals ar warud- законным потомством и со всем моим в вечное рабство
genda imis damadasturebel dokumentebs, rom и подданство Высочайшей Всероссийской державе
leCxumi mudam imereTis samefoSi Sedioda. ныне счастливо царствующему всепресветлейшему
imave werilSi garda zemoT xsnebeulisa, sol- Державнейшему великому Государю Императору
omon II Semdeg pirobebs ayenebda: 1. imereTis Александру Павловичу самодержцу всея России, и
mefes qveyana unda ganego, rogorc SeuzRu- высоким его преемникам~).
преемникам ).
dav monarqs; 2. mefes unda hqonoda umaRlesi saTxovari punqtebis rusulad mTargm-
sasamarTlo da aRmasrulebeli xelisufle- nels pirveli punqtis qvemoT aseTi SeniSvna
ba, qveSevrdomebis dajildoebisa da dasjis gaukeTebia: marTalia, 1786 wlis 11 Tebervlis
ufleba; 3. imereTis samefoSi ganlagebul brZanebulebiT sityvebis „„monisa
monisa““ da „mono-
„mono-
ruseTis jars unda Seesrulebina mefis yvela bis““ xmareba akrZaluli iyo, magram imis gamo,
bis
brZaneba; 4. ruseTis mTavrobis Zalaufleba rom qarTul enaSi ar aris Sesatyvisi ru-
ar unda gavrcelebuliyo guriis samTavroze; верноподданному»,
suli sityvisa „„верноподданному », qarTvelebi
5. konstantine batoniSvilis sakiTxi Tavisi da saerTod, azielebi am sityvis mniSvnelo-
183
bas ver gebuloben, Tu ar ixmares sityvebi 15. taxtis memkvidre, ufliswuli kon-
„mona
mona“da
“da „monoba
„monoba“.
“. mTargmneli aRniSnavs, rom stantine daviTis Ze, solomon II-is gardacva-
amis gamo Seitana man teqstSi es akrZaluli lebamde darCeboda qarTl-kaxeTis terito-
sityvebi; riaze an ruseTSi, raTa mieRo taxtis memkvid-
2. imereTis samefoSi SenarCunebuli unda risaTvis saWiro ganaTleba;
yofiliyo samefo dinastia, rac ruseTis im- 16. ruseTis saqoneli, romelic gadioda
perators sigeliT unda daedasturebina; qarTl-kaxeTidan Savi zRvis navsadgurebisak-
3. sasamarTlo da sasjelis aRsrulebis en da piriqiT, ar unda dabegriliyo;
ufleba imereTis mefis gamgeblobaSi rCebo- 17. ikrZaleboda mosaxleobis gadasvla
da; imereTis samefodan qarTl-kaxeTSi da piriq-
4. imereTis samefoSi ganlagdeboda ru- iT.
seTis jari, romelic daicavda qveyanas gar- solomon II-m saTxovari punqtebis ro-
eSe mtrisagan da uzrunvelyofda Sinagan wes- gorc qarTul dedans, ise mis rusul Targmans
rigs; yoveli punqtis Semdeg cal-calke moawera
5. imereTis samefoSi wiaRiseulis axali xeli, xolo saTxovari punqtebis dasasruls
sabados damuSavebiT miRebuli Semosavlis kidev erTxel dausva xelrTva, e.i. erT do-
nawili ruseTis imperiis xazinaSi unda Sesu- kumentze mefem 18-jer moawera xeli, qarTul
liyo; dedansa da rusul Targmanze erTad ki _ 36-
6. Tu imereTis samefoSi axali qalaqi jer. qarTul dedanze solomon II ase awerda
daarsdeboda, ruseTis imperiis xazina am qa- xels: `mefe imereTisa solomon“, xolo ru-
laqidan iseve miiRebda gadasaxads, rogorc _„Царь Имеретинский Соломон
sul Targmanze _„Царь Соломон~.
~.
iRebda ruseTis sxva qalaqebisgan; es pavel cicianovis principuli moTxovna
7. imereTis mefe ruseTis xelisuflebas iyo. mefis titulaturaSi ar unda asaxuliyo,
unda damorCileboda, rogorc qveSevrdomi rom igi samegrelosa da leCxumis mflobeli
(„...как верноподданный раб~);
раб ); iyo.
8. ruseTis jarisaTvis imereTis mefes ficis teqstsa da saTxovar punqtebze
unda aego Senobebi (yazarmebi) da uzrunve- solomon II-s unda daesva samefo beWedi. im
leyo maTi gaTboba; dRes mefem ukanasknelad scada gabrZoleba
9. imereTis mefes ruseTis jari unda moda Seecada orive dokumentze daesva winas-
emaragebina sursaTiTa da furaJiT misaReb war damzadebuli yalbi samefo beWedi, raTa
fasad; xelsayrel momentSi ganecxadebina, rom do-
10. Tu imereTis samefoSi wiaRiseulis kumentebi nayalbevi iyo. solomon II-is ganz-
axali sabados damuSaveba daiwyeboda, daqi- raxva Sinagamcemis meSveobiT cnobili gaxda
ravebuli muSebisaTvis xelfasi unda aenaz- cicianovisaTvis. mTavarsardalma informa-
RaurebinaT ruseTis Sesabamisi uwyebis mier tori ar gasca, mefes ki ganucxada: saTxovar
dadgenili normis mixedviT; punqtebze erTi xelmowera da erTi beWedi
11. imereTis samefodan ruseTi ufasod sakmarisi ar aris, amitom yovel punqts, ro-
gaitanda gemTmSeneblobisaTvis saWiro xe- gorc qarTulad, ise rusulad, cal-calke
tyes; unda moawero xelio. generlis moTxovniT,
12. samegrelos samTavros mimarT imere- xelmoweras igi piradad unda daswreboda. ase
Tis mefes araviTari pretenzia ar unda rom, solomon II samomavlod ficis teqstisa
hqonoda; imereTis mefes samegrelos mTavri- da saTxovari punqtebis namdvilobas eWvqveS
saTvis unda daebrunebina omis dros dakave- ver daayenebda, radgan ficis teqstze erTx-
buli leCxumis cixeebi da leCxumSi ayvanili el, xolo saTxovar punqtebze 36-jer hqonda
tyveebi; xeli mowerili.
13. imereTis mefes unda moewesrigebi- ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze fi-
na da daecva quTaisidan vaxanis cixemde da cis dadebis Semdeg solomon II-s gadaeca wm.
quTaisidan foTisa da samegrelosaken mima- aleqsandr nevelis ordeni da cicianovis
vali gzebi; saidumlo werili. saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
14. solomon II-is taxtis memkvidris dali imereTis mefes afrTxilebda, rom
ufliswul konstantine daviTis ZisaTvis unda omis dros dakavebuli leCxumis cixeebi mis
mieca Semosavali saufliswulo mamulidan; mflobelobaSi darCeboda manam, sanam ruse-
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vaxtang guruli
Tis xelisufleba solomon II-is mier leCxu- yovelnairad ecdeboda samxedro muqaris pi-
mis flobis damadasturebel dokumentebs ar robebSi iZulebiT xelmowerili saTxovari
Seiswavlida da Tavis msjavrs ar gamoitanda. punqtebi ar Seesrulebina.
mefis damSvidebis mizniT cicianovi werda:
Tu solomon II konstantine batoniSvils tax-
tis memkvidred ar gamoacxadebda, maSin ba-
toniSvilis mamuli imereTis mefis sakuTre- §3. guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis
baSi gadavidoda. qveSevrdomobaSi
1804 wlis 25 aprils sofel elaznaurSi
pavel cicianovma ruseTis imperatorisadmi guriis samTavro de iure imereTis same-
warsadgeni moxseneba dawera. moxsenebidan foSi Sedioda da imereTis mefe samTavros
irkveva, rom molaparakebisa da qveSevrdo- umaRles xelisuflad iTvleboda. miuxeda-
mobis Taobaze dokumentebis gaformebis Sem- vad amisa, guriis mTavrebi xSirad eurCebod-
deg imereTis mefem yvelani daiTxova, kara- nen imereTis mefes, Tumca solomon II-isa da
vSi darCnen mefe da saqarTvelos mTavarsar- guriis mTavrebis urTierToba ise ar daZab-
dali. darCnen Tu ara martoni, solomon II-m ula, rogorc solomon II-isa da grigol da-
pavel cicianovs sTxova, jvarze daficebiT dianisa.
daedasturebina, rom sicocxlis bolomde 1. guriis samTavro XVIII saukunis bolosa
imereTis mefed darCeboda. moxsenebidan ar da XIX saukunis damdegs
damdegs.. XVIII saukunis miwu-
dgindeba, daifica Tu ara saqarTvelos mTa- ruli da XIX saukunis damdegi guriis samTav-
varsardalma, cicianovi mxolod aRniSnavs, roSi Zlieri SinaaSlilobiT aRiniSna. 1792
rom man mefes aRuTqva, qveSevrdomobis Tao- wels gardaicvala mTavari svimon III guri-
baze yvela piroba zustad iqneboda daculi. eli.. taxtis memkvidre mamia sul sami wlisa
eli
uSualod gamomgzavrebis win solomon II-m ci- iyo, riTac isargebla misma biZam vaxtangma
cianovs hkiTxa: eqneboda Tu ara ufleba qveda mTavris taxti daikava. svimon guriels
Sevrdomobis Taobaze saTxovari punqtebidan vaxtangis garda kidev hyavda vaJi qaixosro
qaixosro,,
raime amoeRo an daematebina. cxadia, saqarT- romelic berad iyo aRkvecili gelaTis mon-
velos mTavarsardalma amaze uari ganacxada. asterSi da Semoqmedis eparqiis episkoposad
solomon II-m da grigol dadianma pavel kurTxevisaTvis amzadebdnen. vaxtang guri-
cicianovs peterburgSi ruseTis imperator- eli ver gamodga kargi mmarTveli, rac maSinve
Tan deputaciis gagzavnis nebarTva sTxoves. daetyo samTavros. amitom iyo, rom qaixosro
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma aleqsandr I- gurielma uari Tqva sasuliero karieraze
gan Tanxmoba miiRo. imperatori nebas rTavda da guriaSi dabrunda. 1797 wels qaixosrom
imereTidan xuTi da samegrelos samTavrodan taxtidan gadaayena vaxtangi da svimon guri-
ori deputati Casuliyo peterburgSi. imere- elis qvrivis, dedofal mariamis, TanxmobiT
Tis mefem deputatebad SearCia Tavadebi: arasrulwlovani mamia svimonis Ze gurielis
zurab wereTeli
wereTeli,, qaixosro wereTeli
wereTeli,, sexnia regenti gaxda. qaixosro gurielma Semoqme-
wulukiZe,, solomon lioniZe da quTaTeli
wulukiZe dis cixe gaamagra da Tavis rezidenciad aq-
mitropoliti dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi.. deputacia peter- cia. mTavris taxtidan gadayenebulma vaxtang
burgSi 1804 wlis Semodgomaze unda Casuli- gurielma Tavis colisZmas, Tavad dimitri
yo. orbelians,, sTxova qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
orbelians
1804 wlis 4 ivliss ruseTis imperator- dedofal darejanTan eSuamdgomla, raTa am
ma aleqsandr I-ma imereTis mefe solomon II-s ukanasknels imereTis mefe solomon II-Tvis
uboZa sigeli, romelic adasturebda imere- vaxtang gurielis taxtze dabruneba eTxova.
Tis samefos Sesvlas ruseTis imperiis qve- Txovnam Sedegi ar gamoiRo,
SevrdomobaSi..
SevrdomobaSi qaixosro gurieli ganaTlebuli da bevri
imereTis samefos Sesvla ruseTis im- RirsebiT Semkuli adamiani iyo. svimon guri-
periis qveSevrdomobaSi solomon II-is nebis eli sicocxlis bolo xanebSi avadmyofobda,
sawinaaRmdegod moxda. ruseTis saimperatoro ris gamoc samTavroSi Sinagani wesrigi moiS-
karma kargad isargebla Seqmnili viTarebiT da ala. warmoudgeneli masStabebi miiRo tyvis
imereTis mefe aiZula ruseTis qveSevrdomoba syidvam.. tyved gayidvisagan rom Tavi daexsna,
syidvam
mieRo. imTaviTve cxadi iyo, rom solomon II mosaxleoba imereTis samefosa da samegre-
185
los samTavroSi garboda. qaixosro gurielma seTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla imere-
energiuli zomebi gaatara tyveTa syidvis Tis samefosagan damoukideblad ar momxdari-
akrZalvis mizniT. arasrulwlovani mTavris, yo. solomon II-m cicianovs ganucxada: „guria
mamia V gurielis, saxeliT Sedgenil dokumen- damokidebul ars imereTsa zeda.“ cicianovma
tSi aRniSnulia: „guriaSi didaT tyvis gan- mefis gancxdebis Tavis sasargeblod gamoy-
syidva iyo da mermeT Cven vinebeT da imerni eneba scada. ruseTis xelisuflebas saqme
da gurielni samRvdeloni da saeroni erTad mTavris taxtisaTvis mebrZolma vaxtang gu-
SevkrbiT da kreba vqeniT da tyvis syidva ga- rielma gauadvila. 1804 wlis 3 ianvars vax-
davagdeT.“ qaixosro gurielma krebis dad- tang gurielma werili miswera cicianovs
genileba didi sisastikiT gaatara cxovre- da ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi miReba iTxova.
baSi. tyvis msyidvelebs sajarod wvavdnen mTavris taxtis maZiebeli werda: Savi zRvis
koconze, ar indobdnen arc didgvarovansa navmisadgomebis (sefa, grigoleTi) mflobeli
da arc mdabios. qaixosro gurielma aRkveTa Tavadi nakaSiZeebi me memxrobian da Tu ru-
mTavris moxeleTa TviTneboba. seTi am navmisadgomebs SeiZens, did sarge-
2.. guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis im- blobas naxavso. imxanad Tavadi nakaSiZeebi
periis qveSevrdomobaSi.
qveSevrdomobaSi. qaixosro guriels marTlac vaxtang guriels uWerdnen mxars.
gansakuTrebuli Znelbedobis Jams mouxda amis mizezi ki is iyo, rom qaixosro gurieli
samTavros marTva. samegrelos samTavrosa da cols, nakaSiZis qals, gaeyara da guriis eri-
imereTis samefos ruseTis imperiis qveSevr- sTavTa sajavaxos Stos daumoyvrda _ colad
domobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg osmaleTi yovelnai- SeirTo qaixosro erisTavis asuli elisabedi
elisabedi..
rad cdilobda, guriis samTavro ruseTis gav- cxadia, vaxtang gurielsa da Tavad nakaSiZee-
lenis sferod ar qceuliyo. osmaleTi kargad bs ufleba ar hqondaT samTavros saxeliT
iyenebda samTavroSi mimdinare SinaaSlilo- ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis qveSevrdomobaSi
bas. ar cxreboda qaixisros mier taxtidan ga- Sesvla eTxovaT, magram cicianovi Seqmnil vi-
dayenebuli vaxtang gurieli. vaxtangi Tavisi TarebaSi amas yuradRebas ar aqcevda. marTa-
mcirewlovani Zmis, levanis
levanis,, meurve iyo. levan lia, saqarTvelos mTavarsardals saqmisaTvis
gurieli srulwlovani gaxda, magram vaxtang- msvleloba ar miucia, magram vaxtang guri-
ma mamuli ar daubruna. Zmebs Soris daundo- elisa da Tavad nakaSiZeebisaTvis uaric ar
beli brZola daiwyo. vaxtangma levanis azn- uTqvams da maTi werilic TavisTan daitova.
auri bereJiani Seaguliana, romelmac aWari- qaixosro gurieli mixvda, rom guriis sam-
dan razmi gadmoiyvana da levanis mamulebi Tavros ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla
aaoxra. amis Semdeg vaxtangma sajavaxos TemSi SeiZleboda mis gareSe gadawyvetiliyo. ami-
laSqari Sekriba da levans mTeli mamuli tom iyo, rom qaixosrom mTavris, mamia V guri-
waarTva. qaixosrom da levanma moilaparakes elis,, saxeliT oficialurad iTxova ruseTis
elis
da vaxtangis Sepyroba moaxerxes. vaxtang gu- imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla. es Txovna
riels solomon II gamoesarCla da qaixosro cicianovma kargad gamoiyena da 1804 wlis 25
iZulebuli gaxda Zma cixidan gaeTavisufle- aprils sofel elaznaurSi ruseTis imperiis
bina. vaxtangi axalcixeSi gaiqca. qaixosrom qveSevrdomobaSi imereTis samefos SesvlasTan
axalcixis faSa selim ximSiaSvils vaxtangi dakavSirebiT gaformebuli dokumentis mixed-
Seapyrobina, magram 1804 wlis dasawyisSi viT, guriis samTavro, rogorc imereTis same-
pavel cicianovisa da solomon II-is Txovnis fos nawili, ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
Semdeg selimma vaxtangi gaaTavisufla. vax- Sesulad gamocxadda. cicianovma elaznauris
tang gurieli jer TbilisSi cicianovs eaxla, molaparakebaze pirdapir ganacxada: guriis
xolo Semdeg _ solomon II-s. imereTis mefem samTavro imereTis samefos nawilia, ris ga-
qaixosro gurieli aiZula, vaxtangisaTvis sa- moc masTan calke aqtis gaformeba saWiro
batoniSvilo yma-mamuli mieca. aRar ariso. 1804 wlis 29 maiss cicianovma
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Ses- mamia V guriels oficialurad acnoba, rom
vlis Taobaze solomon II-sa da pavel cici- guriis samTavro, rogorc imereTis samefos
anovs Soris xangrZlivi molaparakebis pro- nawili, ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
cesSi imereTis mefe iTxovda, rom ruseTs iyo Sesuli.
samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebi imereTis me- guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperi-
fis qveSevrdomebad ecno da samTavroebis ru- is SemadgenlobaSi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
186
vaxtang guruli
calke aqtiT ar gaformebula da es sakiTxi kidec osmaleTis qveSevrdomi. qeleS mehmed

guriis xelisuflebasTan (mTavar mamia V gu- bei fiqrobda, rom levan dadianis sanacvlod
rielTan, samTavros faqtobriv gamgebel qa- did gamosasyids miiRebda.
ixosro gurielTan) ar SeTanxmebula, rac 1806 wels ruseT-osmaleTis omi daiwyo.
SemdegSi viTarebis garTulebis mizezad iqca. omma kidev ufro daZaba viTareba afxazeTis
guriis mTavari acxadebda, rom samTavros samTavroSi, rac ganpirobebuli iyo proosm-
damokidebuleba imereTis samefoze Zalado- aluri da prorusuli Zalebis dapirispire-
brivi iyo. amos gamo igi miiCnevda, rom ru- biT. kidev ufro daiZaba viTareba afxazeTis
seTis imperators ar SeeZlo, guria qveSevrdo- mTavar qeleS mehmed beis mkvlelobis Semdeg.
mobaSi miRebulad CaeTvala. 1808 wlis 2 maiss qeleS mehmed bei gvian da-
guriis samTavros qveSevrdomobaSi miReba brunda Sin. mas Tan axlda erT-erTi vaJi
ruseTis saimperatoro karma Seqmnil viTare- baTali bei.
bei. Sevida Tu ara sasaxleSi, qeleS
baSi naCqarevad gadawyvita. qveSevrdomobaSi mehmed beis esrola misma meore Svilma ar-
miReba iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT gaumarTavi slan beim, tyvia mTavars acda, magram mZimed
iyo, rac guriis mTavris samarTlian ukmayo- daWra baTali bei. maSinve qeleS mehmed beis
filebas iwvevda. guriis samTavros ruseTis Casafrebidan oTxjer esroles. erT-erTi
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla mogvianebiT mkvleli beJan ServaSiZe iyo. arslan bei didi
meored moxda. xania, cdilobda mamis mokvlas, magram ram-
denime Tavdasxma warumateblad damTavrda.
warumatebeli Tavdasxmebis Semdeg arslan bei
mamas moCvenebiT Seurigda da axali Tavdasxma
§4. afxazeTis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis im-
moamzada. qeleS mehmed beisTan erTad mokles
periis qveSevrdomobaSi
misi ori vaJic. qeleS mehmed bei grZnobda,
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Ses- rom arslan beis mxridan safrTxe emuqrebo-
vlis win afxazeTSic SinaaSliloba sufevda, da. amitom iyo, rom man adreve taxtis mem-
daZabuli iyo urTierToba samegrelos sam- kvidred gamoacxada Tavisi erT-erTi vaJi se-
TavrosTan. yovelive es kargad gamoiyena ru- fer ali bei.
bei. mamismkvleli arslan bei SeSinda,
seTma. rom sefer ali bei Surs iZiebda da soxumis
1. afxazeTis samTavro XIX saukunis dam- cixes Seafara Tavi. cixeSi osmalTa sakmaod
degs. grigol dadianis gardacvalebam (1804 w.) Zlieri garnizoni idga. sefer ali beis iseTi
samegrelos samTavroSi mRelvarebis dawyebas samxedro Zala ar gaaCnda, rom soxumis cixe
misca dasabami. xelisuflebisaTvis brZola aeRo. afxazeTis mTavris taxtis memkvidrem
daiwyes gardacvlilis Zmebma, gansakuTrebiT ori Txovna dawera: erTi, ruseTis imperator
saeWvod iqceoda manuCar dadiani.
dadiani. pavel ci- aleqsandr I-is saxelze, meore _ saqarTvelos
cianovs mTavris taxtze manuCaris damtkice- mTavarsardal general-anSef ivan gudoviCi-
ba ar surda. grigol dadianis pirdapiri da sa. sefer ali bei ruseTis imperiis qveSevr-
kanonieri memkvidre, levani
levani,, mamis gardacva- domobaSi Sesvlas da osmaleTis agresiisagan
lebis droisaTvis arasrulwlovani iyo. aTi afxazeTis dacvas iTxovda. igi pirobas debda,
wlis levani mamis valis gamo mZevlad iyo rom gaqristiandeboda, iseve, rogorc misi
afxazeTis mTavar qeleS mehmed bei Serva- Tavadebi da, saerTod, afxazeTis mosaxleo-
SiZesTan.. grigol dadianis gardacvalebis
SiZesTan ba. sefer ali beis dapireba gulwrfeli iyo,
Semdeg ruseTis xelisuflebam qeleS mehmed mas didi xania, uyvarda samegrelos mTavris
beis levanis samegreloSi gaSveba sTxova, grigol dadianis da, magram imis gamo, rom se-
razec afxazTa mTavarma uari ganacxada. ci- fer bei muslimi iyo, grigol dadiani am qor-
cianovs afxazeTis mTavarTan urTierTobis winebas sastikad ewinaaRmdegeboda. sefer ali
daZabva ar surda, radgan 1803 wels qeleS beim qristianobis miReba mtkiced gadawyvita.
mehmed beim grigol dadianis meSveobiT ruse- 2.. afxazeTis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis
Tis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla iTxova. imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi.
qveSevrdomobaSi. 1808 wlis 13 ivni-
mogvianebiT gairkva, rom qeleS mehmed bei sis weriliT ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqme-
orpirobda, afxazeTis mTavarma CaTvala, rom Ta ministrma nikolai rumiancevma saqarT-
osmaleTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla ufro velos mTavarsardal ivan gudoviCs acnoba,
sasargeblo iqneboda misTvis da male gaxda rom aleqsandr I-ma sefer ali beisaTvis dax-
187
marebis aRmoCenis brZaneba gasca. imave Sinaar- giorgi ServaSiZe, afxazeTis mTavris
sis werili 1808 wlis 14 ivliss nikolai ru- „Sjulieri memkvidre da mpyrobeli afxaze-
miancevma samegrelos samTavroSi ganlagebul Tisa“, ruseTis imperators sTxovda:
ruseTis jaris meTaur general-maior ion 1. afxazeTis samTavros qveSevrdomobaSi
rikhofsac gaugzavna. gudoviCma sefer ali miRebas („Sevekrav da Semoval monad da msaxu-
bei ServaSiZes ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdo- rad viTarca yma...“);
mobaSi Sesvlis Taobaze saTxovari punqtebis 2. amieridan afxazeTis mTavari da af-
oficialurad wardgena mosTxova. erT- xazeTis samTavro ruseTis imperatorma cnos
gulebis damtkicebis mizniT sefer ali beim qveSevrdomad („mkvidrad ymad da monad tax-
gudoviCs acnoba, rom mZevlad miscemda Tavis tisa...“);
ufros vaJs. gudoviCma samegrelos dedofal 3. afxazeTis mTavars mieces qveSevrdo-
ninos da samegreloSi ganlagebuli ruseTis mobis damadasturebeli dokumenti anu sige-
jaris meTaur general rikhofs neba darTo li („aRminiSnos me niSniTa, viTarca sxvani
sefer ali beis soxumis cixidan arslan beis mTavarni aRniSnuli arian saimperiosa taxti-
gandevnaSi daxmarebodnen. samegrelos sam- sadmi monad“);
Tavros jari afxazeTis teritoriaze Sevida 4. afxazeTis mTavars mieces taxtze mem-
da soxums miuaxlovda. imavdroulad soxums kvidreobis samudamod SenarCunebis damamt-
sami gemiT miuaxlovda foTis bei quCuk Serva- kicebeli sigeli („gardmomeces me memkvidre-
SiZe,, romelsac arslan beisaTvis daxmarebis
SiZe obisa Cemisa damamtkicebeli da damadginebe-
aRmoCena hqonda nabrZanebi. samegrelos jar- li gramata“);
ma gacilebiT mravalricxovan mowinaaRmde- 5. afxazeTis samTavroSi ganlagebuli
gesTan brZolaSi Cabmas Tavi aarida, daiwyo iqnas ruseTis jari („SeizRudos qveyana Cemi
molaparakeba. asrlan-beim, cxadia, soxumis mxedrobiTa... xelmwifisa Cvenisa imperatori-
cixis datovebaze uari ganacxada. samegrelos saTa“);
jari general rikhofis jaris mosvlas dae- 6. afxazeTis mTavari ruseTis impera-
loda da, roca es ukanaskneli ar gamoCnda, tors unda hyavdes iseTsave pativSi, rogor
ukan daixia. generalma rikhofma icoda, rom pativSic iyo mamamisi qeleS mehmed bei („dauk-
soxumis cixe kargad iyo gamagrebuli, gar- lebeli meqmnes me sargebloba da mowyaleba
nizons Zlieri artileria gaaCnda. 1808 wlis ra igi aqunda memkvidresa da mflobelsa af-
10 agvistos moxsenebaSi rikhofi gudoviCs xazeTisa qelaiS ahmad begs, mamasa Cemsa“);
sTavazobda, soxumis cixeze xmeleTidan ieri- 7. afxazeTis mTavari usasyidlod mis-
Si ar daewyoT da qalaqi zRvidan saartile- cemda ruseTs gemTmSeneblobisaTvis saWiro
rio cecxliT gadaewvaT. xe-tyes. samTavros teritoriaze aRmoCenili
1808 wlis 12 agvistos sefer ali bei oqrosa da vercxlis sabadoebidan miRebuli
ServaSiZem, romelmac qristianulad monaTv- Semosavlis nawili ruseTs gadaecemoda;
lis Semdeg miiRo saxeli giorgi
giorgi,, afxazeTis giorgi ServaSiZe ruseTis imperators
TavadebTan erTad xeli moawera ruseTis acnobebda, rom afxazeTis mTavrebi da maTi
imperatorisadmi „uqveSevrdomiles saTxov- qveSevrdomebi winaT qristianebi iyvnen („...wi-
els“.. sainteresoa am dokumentis Seqmnis is-
els“ naparni Cvenni qristianed berZniTave kanoni-
toria. „uqveSevrdomilesi saTxoveli“ dawer- Ta sjulisaTa“).
ilia „saTxovari punqtebis“ saxiT. misi Tavda- arslan beis momxreebi aSkarad sWar-
pirveli teqsti rusul enaze SeudgeniaT ru- bobdnen giorgi ServaSiZisas. afxazeTis mTa-
seTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi. vari iZulebuli gaxda, jer samegrelosaT-
Semdeg dokumenti uTargmniaT qarTulad da vis Seefarebina Tavi, xolo Semdeg quTaisSi
qarTulma teqstma miiRo originalis (dednis) gadasuliyo. movlenebis ganviTareba afxa-
mniSvneloba. qarTul teqstzea giorgi Ser- zeTSi damokidebuli iyo imaze, Tu rogor
vaSiZisa da Tavadebis xelmowera, dasmuli warimarTeboda 1806 wels dawyebuli ruseT-
aqvs mTavris beWedi. xelmoweris Semdeg „uq- osmaleTis omi, kerZod, brZolebi aRmosav-
veSevrdomilesi saTxovelis“ qarTuli dedani leT SavizRvispireTSi. 1808 wels redut-
xelmowerebiTa da beWdiT rusul TargmanTan kaleSi (yulevSi) Cavida general-maiori
erTad gaigzavna peterburgSi. saTxovari pun- dimitri orbeliani da foTidan mosalapara-
qtebi Semdegi Sinaarsisa iyo: keblad miiwvia foTis bei quCuk ServaSiZe
ServaSiZe..
188
vaxtang guruli
dimitri orbelians quCuk beis gadmobirebis oda imperatoris nebasTan, romelic sefer
imedi hqonda. Tu quCuk bei ruseTis qveSevr- ali beis afxazeTis momaval mTavrad moiaz-
domobaze uars ityoda, dimitri orbelians rebda. amitom iyo, rom 1809 wlis 17 ivniss
foTi moulodneli ieriSiT unda aeRo. foTs tormasovi general orbelians ubrZanebda,
ruseTisaTvis didi samxedro-strategiuli rom arslan beis winaaRmdeg yvela misi mteri
mniSvneloba hqonda. foTis navsadguriTa da gaeerTianebina da sefer ali beis daxmarebiT
rioniT SeiZleboda imereTSi, samegrelosa da igi soxumis cixidan gaeZevebina. osmalebma
guriaSi ganlagebuli jarebis Seuferxeblad Seityves arslan beis mier gagzavnili Txov-
momarageba. 1809 wlis 30 maisiT daTariRe- nis Sesaxeb da yovelnairad cdilobdnen Ta-
bul moxsenebaSi generali orbeliani kavka- vidan aecilebinaT movlenaTa maTTvis arasa-
siis xazis mTavarsardalsa da saqarTvelos surveli ganviTareba. Tu arslan bei ruseTis
mTavarsardal infanteriis general aleqsan- qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlaze uars ityoda, os-
dr tormasovs moaxsenebda, rom quCuk beis malebi fulad jildos, mdidrul saCuqrebs
gadmobirebis mizniT man Tavi mouyara yve- da jariT daxmarebasac ki hpirdebodnen. ar-
las, visac ki naTesauri an sxva raime kavSiri slan beis mdgomareoba uimedo gaxada iman,
hqonda foTis beisTan: podpolkovnik Tavad rom 1809 wlis 15 noembers dimitri orbeli-
erisTavs, batoniSvil vaxtang guriels, Tavad anma foTis cixe aiRo.
manuCar ServaSiZes. Suamavlebi dimitri orbe- quTaisSi aleqsandr tormasovisagan
lianma foTSi gagzavna. ruseTis xelisufle- giorgi ServaSiZem Seityo, rom ruseTis im-
ba saCuqrebisaTvis fuls ar iSurebda. 1809 peratorma 1810 wlis 17 Tebervals misi
wlis 17 ivniss aleqsandr tormasovi dimitri saTxovari punqtebi daamtkica da afxazeTis
orbelians avalebda, rom quCuk beisaTvis mTavars qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis damadas-
saCuqrad gaegzavnaT: 1.000 maneTad Rirebuli turebeli sigeli da investitura gamoug-
mdidrulad morTuli xmali; kidev ori xmali, zavna. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma giorgi
TiToeuli 100 maneTis Rirebulebis; 750 ma- ServaSiZes isic acnoba, rom imperatorma igi
neTad Rirebuli Zvirfasi TvlebiT morTuli wm. anas pirveli xarisxis ordeniT daajil-
xanjali; kidev ori xanjali, TiToeuli 80 ma- dova da 2.500 maneTis odenobis wliuri pensia
neTis Rirebulebisa; 3 oqros da 2 vercxlis dauniSna. 1810 wlis 7 ivliss imereTis droe-
medali. biTi mmarTveli fiodor simonoviCi saqarT-
quCuk beim rusebisagan saCuqrebi miiRo, velos mTavarsardals moaxsenebda, rom man
magram arslan beisTan urTierTobas ar wyvet- giorgi ServaSiZes urCia, saswrafod dab-
da. arslan bei darwmunda imaSi, rom xalxis runebuliyo afxazeTSi da ruseTis imperato-
risxvas ver gadaurCeboda, xolo quCuk beis ris sigeli, investitura da wm. anas ordeni
daxmareba mis mdgomareobas ver ixsnida. ar- swored iq mieRo. rogorc moxsebidan Cans,
slan bei iZulebuli gaxda, ruseTisaTvis qve- giorgi ServaSiZe amis winaaRmdegi ar iyo,
Sevdromoba eTxova. TxovnaSi aRniSnuli iyo, magram mas afiqrebda is, rom soxumis cix-
rom piradad arslan bei soxumis cixiTurT esa da praqtikulad, mTel afxazeTs arslan
iTxovda ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas. bei flobda. arslan bei osmaleTis sulTnis
ruseTis xelisuflebam Txovna ar Seiwynara, mier afxazeTis mTavrad iyo damtkicebuli.
arslan beis qveSevrdomobaSi miReba ruseTs giorgi ServaSiZe varaudobda, rom afxazeTSi
saxels gautexda afxazeTis gavlenian xelis- mis dabrunebas samTavroSi osmaleTis jaris
ufalTa Soris. garda amisa, sefer ali beis SemoWra mohyveboda da igi iZulebuli gax-
ukve wardgenili hqonda qveSevrdomobaSi deboda, kvlav daetovebina samTavro. amitom
miRebis Taobaze saTxovari punqtebi. ruse- iyo, rom giorgi ServaSiZe ruseTis imperato-
Tis imperatori sefer ali bei ServaSiZis afris sigelis, investiturisa da wm. anas orde-
xazeTis mTavrad damtkicebas apirebda, xolo nis gadacemis ceremoniis gadadebas iTxovda
samTavros centrs soxumi warmoadgenda, manam, sanam ruseTis jari soxumis cixes ar
romelsac arslan bei droebiT flobda. amave daikavebda.
dros, aleqsandr tormasovi fiqrobda, rom 1810 wlis 9 ivliss ruseTis samxedro es-
arslan beis Txovnis gamoyeneba soxumis cixis kadra kapitan-leitenant p. a. dodtis meTau-
dasakaveblad xelsayreli iyo. saqarTvelos robiT naSuadRevis 3 saaTze soxums miuax-
mTavarsardlis gegma winaaRmegobaSi modi- lovda da eskadris yvela gemidan soxumis
189
cixes Zlieri saartilerio cecxli gauxsna. romelic mdinare enguris zemowelze mde-
ramdenime saaTSi cixis ambrazurebis umrav- bareobda _ Tavisufali svaneTi,
svaneTi, ramdenime
lesoba dangreuli iqna, xolo zarbaznebis sazogadoebad iyofoda da svaneTis mTavars
didi nawili_ mwyobridan gamoyvanili. soxu- ar emorCileboda. enguris qvemowelze (same-
mis cixeSi gamagrebuli osmalTa garnizoni grelos samTavros sazRvramde) mdebareobda
rusebis saartilerio cecxls ukve iSviaTad svaneTis samTavro _ sadadeSqeliano svaneTi
svaneTi,,
pasuxobda. ruseTis samxedro eskadris geme- romelsac dadeSqelianebis sagvareulos war-
bi mTeli Rame bombavdnen soxumis cixes. 10 momadgeneli mTavrebi ganagebdnen. XVIII sau-
ivlisis diliT soxumTan aseTi mdgomareoba kunis miwurulisaTvis svaneTis samTavroSi
iyo: cixis garnizoni praqtikulad aRar ibr- 51 sofeli Sedioda. svaneTis mTavarTan ka-
Zoda, rusebma CaZires reidze mdgari osmale- vSiris damyareba grigol dadianis meSveobiT
Tis yvela gemi, cixis didi nawili dangreuli jer kidev pavel cicianovma scada. 1804 wels
iyo, xolo qalaqSi xanZari mZvinvarebda. kapi- ruseT-iranis omis dawyebam cicianovs saSu-
tan-leitenantma p. a. dodtma soxumSi desanti aleba ar misca svaneTis samTavros ruseTis
gadasxa. 10 ivliss, 11 saaTze, ruseTis jarma qveSevrdomobaSi miRebisaTvis ezruna.
soxumi daikava. rusebs darCaT 60 zarbazani. XVIII saukunis miwuruls svaneTSi cioy
soxumSi Sevida me-4 sazRvao polkis 2 aseuli, dadeSqeliani (,,baba cioyi“) mTavrobda. mis
romelsac Semdeg belevskis polkis 1 aseuli Semdeg mTavris memkvidreebs Soris mtroba
daemata. arslan beim mTebs Seafara Tavi. Camovardnila. Tengiz dadeSqelians Tavi-
ruseTis jaris mier soxumis dakavebis si mowinaaRmdegeebi gaunadgurebia, magram
Semdeg ruseTis sardlobasTan gamocxaddnen cocxali gadarCenila misi umcrosi Zma Ta-
giorgi ServaSiZis Zmebi baTali bei da hasan Taryani.. TaTaryan dadeSqeliani imdenad ga-
Taryani
bei TavianT ojaxis wevrebsa da naTesavebTan Zlierebula, rom Tengiz dadeSqelianis xe-
erTad. soxumSi Sevida giorgi ServaSiZec 100 lisuflebas ar cnobda. svaneTis samTavro
rus qveiTTan erTad. 1810 wlis oqtomberSi faqtobrivad orad gaiyo. 51 soflidan Ten-
giorgi ServaSiZes gadaeca ruseTis qver- giz dadeSqelians 21 sofeli SeunarCunebia,
domobaSi Sesvlis sigeli da investitura TaTaryan dadeSqeliani 30 sofels flobda.
da igi oficialurad gamocxadda afxazeTis svaneTSi didxans SemorCa Zveli gva-
mTavrad. rovnul-Temuri wes-wyobilebisa da warmaT-
afxazeTis samTavros ruseTis imperiis uli sarwmuneobis naSTebi. svaneTs Crdilo-
qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla iseT viTarebaSi mox- dasavleTidan didi xnidan osmaleTis gav-
da, rom ServaSiZeTa sagvareulosa da Tavadebis lenis qveS myofi da islamis aRmsarebeli
didi nawili proosmalur orientacias aRi- Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebi (balyarelebi,
arebda. ZalTa ganlageba samTavroSi aSkarad yaraCaelebi, yabardoelebi da Cerqezebi) es-
ruseTis saziano iyo, rac osmaleTma mxolod azRvreboda. aman ganapiroba svaneTSi isla-
imitom ver gamoiyena, rom ruseT-osmaleTis mis gavlenis gavrceleba, islami gavrcelda
omis (1806-1812) dros kavkasiis frontze br- dadeSqelianTa samTavro saxlSic. miuxedavad
Zolebi ruseTis gamarjvebebiT aRiniSna. aseT amisa, islami svanebis religiad arasdros
viTarebaSi afxazeTis samTavroSi simSvide qceula, meCeTebi da medreseebi svaneTSi ar
ruseTis QqveSevrdomobaSi SesvliTac ver dam- augiaT da miTumetes, SariaTis kanonebs iq
yardeboda, proosmalur da prorusul ZalTa aravin cnobda. svaneTi qristianul samTavrod
dapirispireba gagrZeldeboda. darCa, qristianuli kulturiTa da qristianu-
li RvTismsaxurebiT.
XIX saukunis 20-iani wlebidan ruseTi
kvlav dainteresda svaneTiT. es gamowveuli
§5. svaneTis samTavros (sadadeSqeliano svane-
iyo imiT, rom man Crdilo kavkasiaSi dapyrob-
Tis) Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
iTi omebi daiwyo. Suamavlis rols svaneTsa
samegrelos samTavros ruseTis imperi- da ruseTs Soris samegrelos mTavari levan
is qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg (1804 w.) V dadiani asrulebda. samegrelos mTavari am
mdinare cxeniwylis xeobaSi mdebare svaneTis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad Tavisi interesebidan
teritoria, sadadiano svaneTi,
svaneTi, ruseTis qve- gamomdinare moqmedebda. mas surda sadadiano
SevrdomobaSi aRmoCnda. svaneTis is nawili, svaneTis garda, sadadeSqeliano svaneTzec
190
vaxtang guruli
moepovebina gavlena. 1822 wlis 22 Tebervals kavkasiis damorCilebisaTvis brZolaSi ru-

samegrelos mTavari saqarTvelos mTavarsar- seTis placdarmad qceuliyo. rusi moxele
dal aleqsei ermolovisaTvis gagzavnil wer- kapitani Saxovski SeniSnavda, rom Tu ruseTi
ilSi aRniSnavda, rom man `gadmoibira“ Tengiz svaneTs daimorCilebda, maSin mTlianad dai-
dadeSqeliani da igi ruseTis qveSevrdomo- qvemdebarebda oseTs, imereTis samefos, same-
baSi Sesvlaze daiTanxma. samegrelos mTavari grelosa da afxazeTis samTavroebs. paskeviCi
sagangebod miuTiTebda, rom TiTqos Tengiz miiCnevda, rom svaneTis damorCileba samegre-
dadeSqeliani winaT samegrelos mTavris mor- los samTavrodan yubanispireTisaken mimava-
CilebaSi imyofeboda. Tengiz dadiSqeliani li gzis kontrolisaTvis iyo aucilebeli.
ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis sanacvlod ruseTis saimperatoro kars, cxadia, ara
TaTaryan dadeSqelianis damorCilebas iTxov- marto svaneTis samTavro (sadadeSqeliano
da. samegrelos mTavari ruseTis xelisufle- svaneTi), aramed Tavisufali svaneTic ain-
bas svaneTze gasalaSqreblad jars sTxovda, teresebda. rusebi fiqrobdnen, rom dadeSqe-
raTa TaTaryan dadiSqeliani Tengiz dadeS- lianTa samTavros saxlis orive warmomadgen-
qelianisaTvis daemorCilebina. miuxedavad lis, Tengizisa da TaTaryanis
TaTaryanis,, damorCilebis
imisa, rom 1823 wels isamTavro saxlSi didi Semdeg Tavisufal svaneTsac daimorCilebda.
ganxeTqileba sufevda, aleqsi ermolovma rusebs SeeZloT Tengiz da TaTaryan dadeS-
samegrelos mTavris SemoTavazeba ar miiRo, qelianebs Soris erT-erTi amoerCiaT, magram
rac isev Crdilo kavkasiaSi mimdinare omiT maT orives uflebis aRiareba gadawyvites,
iyo ganpirobebuli. raTa am gziT samTavro saxlSi ganxeTqileba
svaneTis samTavros ruseTis imperiis kidev ufro gaeRrmavebinaT. ruseTis imper-
qveSevrdomobaSi SesvliT imperatori ale- atorma pirvelad qveSevrdomobaSi Tengiz
qsandr I ruseT-iranis 1804-18013 wlebisa da dadeSqelianis Svili cioyi miiRo, cioyma
ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omebSi amiT isargebla da TaTaryanis damorCileba
gamarjvebis Semdeg dainteresda. es dasavleT gadawyvita. im mizezTa Soris, romlebmac
saqarTveloSi poziciebis sabolood ganmt- cioy dadeSqelians ruseTis imperiis qveSevr-
kicebasa da Crdilo kavkasiis dapyrobas uka- domobaSi Sesvla gadaawyvetina, samegrelos
vSirdeboda. 1830 wlis ivlisSi kavkasiis kor- mTavarTan garTulebuli urTierTobac iyo.
pusis mTavarsardalma ivan paskeviCma svaneTSi cioys eSinoda ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Se-
miavlina generali karl hesse. generals dava- suli samegrelos mTavars svaneTis samTavros
lebuli hqonda Seegrovebina saTanado cno- damorCilebaze ar daewyo fiqri.
bebi kavkasiis mTavari qedis orive mxares 1832 wlis dekemberSi cioy dadeSqelianis
mcxovrebi xalxebisa da svaneTidan CrdiloeT bebiam digor xanma yabardoSi ruseTis jaris
kavkasiaSi (mdinare yubanis xeobaSi) gadasasv- sardals general aleqsandr gorixvostovs
leli gzebis Sesaxeb. mas aseve unda gaerkvia, svaneTis samTavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevr-
Tu ramdenad SesaZlebeli iyo svaneTis Sem- domobaSi SesvlaSi Semweoba sTxova da ru-
deg yubanispireTis dapyroba. generali hesse seTis imperatoris erTgulebazec daifica.
1830 wlis 14 ivliss ivan paskeviCs moaxseneb- sainteresoa, rom dokumentSi digor xanma ase
da, rom svanebs daaxloebiT 3.000 mebrZolis moixsenieba: `svaneTis dedofali... mdinaree-
gamoyvana SeeZloT. generali aRniSnavda, rom bis baxsanis (baqsanis _ v. g.), yubanis, dalisa
svaneTis dapyroba misi geografiuli mde- da inguris zemo dinebis mbrZanebeli“. cioy
bareobis gamo Zneli iqneboda. misi azriT, um- dadeSqelianis saTxovari punqtebi, romelTa
jobesi iqneboda rusebs svaneTis gavleniani safuZvelze igi ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi
adamianebi moesyidaT. Sesvlas iTxovda, samegrelos, guriisa da
general karl hesses mogzaurobis Sem- afxazeTis mTavrebis saTxovari punqtebisgan
deg ruseTis saimperatoro kari darwmunda, gansxvavdeboda. es imiT iyo ganpirobebuli,
rom Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiis (yubanispire- rom svaneTis sxva samTavroebTan SedarebiT
Tis) dapyrobisaTvis brZolaSi svaneTs didi Zalze sustad gamoiyureboda. 1833 wlis 9
mniSvneloba eniWeboda. sabrZolo moqmede- dekembers ruseTis imperatorma nikolai I- I-ma
ma
bebis dros SeiZleboda aqtiurad gamoeyenebi- cioy dadeSqelianis `saTxovari punqtebi“
naT svaneTidan yubanispireTSi gadasasvleli daamtkica. svaneTis mTavars mxolod maioris
gzebi. amrigad, svaneTi SeiZleboda Crdilo samxedro wodeba eboZa da `mcire mniSvnelo-
191
bis saqmeTa“ ganmgebloba daevala. saTxovar ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis dam-
punqtebSi igi ixsenieboda, rogorc `svaneTis adasturebeli sigelebi gadaecaT. marTalia,
erTi mflobelTagani“. cioy dadeSqelianis 1833-1834 wlebSi svaneTi ruseTis imperiis
memkvidreebs mTavris taxti unarCundebodaT. qveSevrdomobaSi Sevida, magram svaneTSi ru-
ruseTis xelisufleba TaTaryan dadeS- seTis jari ar Sesula da samTavroSi realu-
qelianis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebasac cdi- rad araferi Secvlila.
lobda, risTvisac aucilebeli iyo saTxovari 1831 welsa da 1834 wels jer samegrelos
punqtebis gaformeba. TaTaryan dadeSqeliani mTavris, levan V dadianis, xolo Semdeg kapi-
moiTxovda cioyi misTvis daeqvemdebarebinaT, tan Saxovskis meSveobiT, ruseTi Tavisufali
xolo mTeli svaneTis mTavrad aRiarebis Sem- svaneTis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebasac Seecada.
deg TaTaryani ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdo- svanebma rusebi dapirebebiT gamoistumres,
mobaSi samegrelos mTavris msgavsad mieRoT. magram ruseTis imperatoris xelisufleba ar
cxadia, es moTxovna ruseTis xelisuflebam aRiares da Tavisufal svaneTSi yvelaferi
ar daakmayofila. 1833 25 dekembers ruseTis Zveleburad darCa. Tavisufali svaneTis faq-
imperatorma nikoloz I-ma TaTaryan dadiSqe- tobrivi damorCileba ruseTma mxolod XIX
lianis `saTxovari punqtebi“ daamtkica. Ta- saukunis 70-ian wlebSi SeZlo.
Taryans igive uflebebi dautoves, rac cioy XIX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi svaneTis
dadiSqelians. ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Ses- samTavros qveSevrdomobaSi miReba-armiRebis
vlis Semdeg cioyica da TaTaryanic gaqris- sakiTxs saqarTveloSi ruseTis poziciebis
tiandnen. cioyma naTlobis saxelad miiRo ganmtkicebisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
nikolozi,, TaTaryanma _ mixeili
nikolozi mixeili.. 1834 wlis ar hqonda. svaneTs ruseTis saimperatoro kari
seqtemberSi kapitan SaxovskisTan Sexvedri- Crdilo kavkasiaSi mimdinare omebSi erT-erT
sas ukmayofileba gamoTqves digor xanma da placdarmad ganixilavda, amitom iyo, rom
cioy dadiSqelianma. ruseTis xelisuflebas, rusebma svaneTSi jasris Seyvanisagan Tavi Sei-
cxadia, svaneTis samTavros gaerTianeba da kaves, riTac antirusuli ganwyobilebis ga-
mTavris xelisuflebis gaZliereba ar surda. Zliereba droebiT aiciles Tavidan.
1834 wels TaTaryan da cioy dadiSqelianebs
192
vaxtang guruli
Tavi IX. imereTis samefo, samegrelosa da guriis samTavroebi ruseTis

imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
§1. imereTis samefo da samegrelos samTavro navsadgomi foTi iyo. foTis navsadguris
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis dauflebis gareSe ruseTi ver gamoiyenebda
pirvel xanebSi (1803-1805 ww.) rionis sanaosno gzas, imereTidan ver gaitan-
da gemTmSeneblobisaTvis saWiro xe-tyes. jer
imereTis samefos, samegrelosa da guri- kidev 1804 wlis 27 ivniss cicianovi aleqsan-
is samTavroebis Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qve- dr I-s werda: ruseTisaTvis foTs samegrelos
SevrdomobaSi ruseTis aRmosavluri politi- samTavroze ufro didi Rirebuleba aqvso.
kis seriozul gamarjvebas moaswavebda. isic ufro adre, 1804 wlis 20 marts ruseTis impe-
cxadi iyo, rom irani da osmaleTi advilad ar riis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile ci-
Seurigdebodnen marcxs. cianovs swerda, rom andrei italinskis mcd-
1. foTis mniSvneloba ruseTisaTvis. fo- eloba osmaleTi foTis daTmobaze daeTanxme-
Tis navsadguris dauflebis mcdeloba. same- bina, jerjerobiT warumateblad mTavrdebao.
grelos samTavrosa da imereTSi poziciebis ruseTs SeeZlo foTis cixe da navsadguri
ganmtkicebam ruseTi daayena foTis navsad- brZoliTac daekavebina, magram iranTan mimdi-
guris dauflebis aucileblobis winaSe. am nare omis gamo osmaleTTan urTierTobis gam-
droisaTvis foTis cixeSi osmaleTis garni- wvavebas, omis dawyebas erideboda. aleqsandr
zoni idga, romelic rionis SesarTavs uwev- I cicianovs werda, rom foTis daufleba mx-
da kontrols. osmaleTis garnizoni ruseTs olod mSvidobiani gziT unda momxdariyo.
rionis sanaosno gzis gamoyenebis saSuale- foTi jer kidev osmaleTis xelSi imy-
bas ar aZlevda. garda amisa, foTis navsad- ofeboda, Tumca yirimidan foTis mimar-
guriT sistematurad sargeblobdnen tyvee- TulebiT proviantiT datvirTuli gemebis
biT movaWreebi. imereTSi, samegrelosa da gamogzavna ar wydeboda. imisaTvis, raTa fo-
guriaSi motacebuli adamianebi osmaleTSi Tis navsadguriT sargeblobis ufleba mo-
ZiriTadad swored foTis navsadguriT ga- epovebinaT, rusebma aseTi gegma SeimuSaves:
hyavdaT. 1804 wlis 12 noembers pavel cici- foTis akvatoriaSi Ria zRvaSi Ruza unda
anovma imereTis samefosa da samegrelos sam- CaeSva yirimidan momaval ruseTis gems; erTi
TavroSi mivlinebul rus moxele piotr lit- oficeri 50 jariskacis TanxlebiT viTomda
vinovs miswera, rom imereTisa da samegrelos saCuqrebis gadasacemad unda xleboda foTis
mosaxleobisaTvis ecnobebina Semdegi: tyvee- beis. oficers misTvis unda eTxova ufleba
biT movaWres sasjelad daedeboda cimbirSi provianti foTis navsadgurSi CamoetvirTaT
katorRul samuSaoze gagzavna. unda iTqvas, da Semdeg rionis sanaosno gziT imereTsa da
rom cicianovis muqaram sasurveli Sedegi ver samegreloSi gaegzavnaT; oficeri da 50 ja-
gamoiRo. riskaci Tanxmobis miRebis SemTxvevaSic fo-
ruseTis imperiis mxridan foTis navsad- Tis navsadgurSi unda darCeniliyvnen, viTom-
guris dauflebis mcdelobas mwvaved aRiq- da samegrelodan yirimSi gasagzavni tvirTis
vavda osmaleTi. 1804 wlis 15 noembers stam- molodinSi, aseve yirimidan samegreloSi
bolSi ruseTis elCis andrei italinskis mox- gamogzavnili tvirTis misRebad. ruseTis
senebis safuZvelze ruseTis imperiis sagareo sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi varaudobdnen,
saqmeTa ministri adam Cartoriski pavel ci- rom yirimidan samegreloSi da samegrelodan
cianovs acnobebda, rom Tu osmaleTi daTmo- yirimSi tvirTis gatarebaze foTis bei uars
baze ar wavidoda da foTis SenarCunebisTvis ar ityoda. marTalia, 1 oficeri da 50 jaris-
ibrZolebda, ruseTi imxanad farTomasStabi- kaci arc Tu ise did Zalas warmoadgenda, ma-
an omSi ver Caebmeboda. es saqarTvelos mTa- gram peterburgSi iTvaliswinebdnen imas, rom
varsardalmac kargad icoda, Tumca isic cxa- foTis cixeSi daaxloebiT amdenive osmalo
di iyo, rom foTis navsadguris dauflebis jariskaci idga. peterburgSi SemuSavebuli
gareSe samegrelosa da imereTSi ruseTis ja- iqna saTadarigo gegmac. pirveli gegmis waru-
ris proviantiT momarageba Zalze garTul- mateblobis SemTxvevaSi rusebs samegrelos
deboda. yirimidan daZruli ruseTis xomal- mTavar grigol dadianis Suamavlobis imedi
debisTvis Savi zRvis sanapiroze erTaderTi hqondaT. samegrelos mTavars unda moesyida
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foTis bei da mTlianad garnizoni. garnizoni solomon II-s ganucxada, rom cicianovisagan
raRac mizeziT cixidan unda gasuliyo, ris mas davalebuli hqonda imereTis mefisa da
Semdegac cixes samegrelos mTavris jari samegrelos mTavris Serigeba. rusma moxelem
daikavebda. grigol dadiani rusebs ufro mefes isic acnoba, rom mcire amaliT igi
martiv gegmas sTavazobda: mas Semdeg, rac quTaisidan grigol dadianTan unda gamgzavre-
ruseTis jari samegrelos samTavros dai- buliyo. litvinovma solomon II-s cicianovis
kavebda, ieriSiT aeRoT foTis cixe. peter- danabarebi gadasca: imereTis mefesa da same-
burgSi grigol dadianis gegmas yuradRebiT grelos mTavars damoukideblad unda Seed-
moekidnen da igi cicianovsac gaacnes. foTis ginaT leCxumSi omis dros tyved ayvanilTa
dakavebis gegmebis SemuSavebisas peterburgSi siebi da igi litvinovisaTvis gadaecaT. mas
mxedvelobidan gamorCaT erTi mniSvnelovani Semdeg, rac solomon II-isa da grigol dadia-
detali: foTis navsadguri, rogorc savaWro nis mier wardgenili dokumentebis Seswavlis
centri, imdenad did Semosavals iZleoda, Sedegad imperatori leCxumis kuTvnilebis
rom foTis beisa da garnizonis mosyidva Za- Taobaze Tavis msjavrs gamoitanda, unda daw-
lze Zneli iqneboda. yebuliyo omis dros ayvanil tyveTa gaTavi-
2.. piotr litvinovis misia imereTis same- sufleba. solomon II-m litvinovs ganucxada,
fosa da samegrelos samTavroSi.
samTavroSi. imereTis rom arc samegrelosa da leCxumis cixeebs da
samefos, samegrelosa da guriis samTavroe- arc tyveebs grigol dadians ar daubruneb-
bis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Semdeg ruseTis da. rus moxeles, cxadia, mefis es gancxadeba
imperators ganzraxuli hqonda iq jarebis ar moewona da solomon II-s pirdapir uTxra,
Seyvana, magram es procesi Seaferxa 1804 wels yvelaferi gadawydeba misi imperatorobiTi
dawyebulma ruseT-iranis omma. saqarTvelos udidebulesobis nebis Tanaxmado. imereTis
mTavarsardalma pavel cicianovma imereTsa mefem mzadyofna gamoTqva SeekeTebina gzebi
da samegreloSi kavkasiis grenaderTa polkis ruseTis jarisaTvis, aego yazarmebi da dae-
gagzavna gadaifiqra. gadawyda, gadaudebel mzadebina provianti. mefe mzad iyo, aseve
saqmeTa mosagvareblad imereTis mefesa da Seesrulebina saTxovari punqtebis is muxli,
samegrelos mTavarTan general-maior ser- romelic konstantine batoniSvils exeboda.
gei tuCkovis gagzavna. tuCkovis avadmyofo- imereTis mefesTan molaparakebis Sem-
bis gamo imereTsa da samegreloSi namdvili deg piotr litvinovi samegreloSi gaemgza-
saxelmwifo mrCeveli piotr litvinovi miav- vra, sadac 1804 wlis 16 ivniss Cavida da imave
lines. rusi moxele dasavleT saqarTveloSi dRes Sexvda grigol dadians. litvinovs Tan
unda darCeniliyo yirimidan Savi zRviT ru- axlda Tavadi qaixosro wereTeli
wereTeli.. samegre-
seTis jaris polkis mosvlamde. cicianovma los mTavarma rus moxeles ganucxada, rom
litvinovs 1804 wlis 18 maiss instruqcia ga- mas imereTis cixeebi ar hqonda dakavebuli
dasca. litvinovs evaleboda, yvela Rone ex- da arc tyveebi auyvania imereTis soflebSi.
mara solomon II-isa da grigol dadianis Ses- litvinovma grigol dadians sTxova, rom
arigeblad. cicianovma rus moxeles solomon ar daekavebina solomon II-is qveSevrdomTa
II-Tvis gadasacemi saidumlo werilic Tan transporti, romliTac sakvebi produqti
gaatana. werilSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom same- gadahqondaT. rogorc litvinovis mier ci-
grelosa da leCxumis cixeebi da soflebi, cianovisadmi 1804 wlis 27 ivniss gagzavnil
romlebic omis dros imereTis jarma daikava, moxsenebaSia aRniSnuli, grigol dadians es
imereTis mefis mflobelobaSi darCeboda ma- Txovna daukmayofilebia da 1804 wlis 17
nam, sanam leCxumis kuTvnilebis Taobaze ru- ivniss Sesabamisi brZanebac gaucia. 1804 wlis
seTis imperatori gadawyvetilebas miiRebda. 21 ivniss grigol dadiani, qaixosro wereTe-
piotr litvinovi quTaisSi 1804 wlis 4 li da piotr litvinovi leCxumSi Cavidnen. 22
ivniss Cavida. 6 ivniss rusi moxele imereTis ivniss isini Sexvdnen leCxumis Tavadebsa da
mefes Sexvda da saqarTvelos mTavarsard- mouravebs. litvinovma grigol dadians sTxo-
lis werilebi gadasca. werilebis gadacemas va, rom ar SewinaaRmdegeboda mas da mxari
uamravi adamiani eswreboda. am viTarebaSi daeWira mis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi-
litvinovma mefesTan molaparakeba ar isurva saTvis. grigol dadianma Tanxmoba ganacxada,
da sTxova Sexvedra sxva dros daeniSna. mefe magram rus moxeles imis garantia ver misca,
rus moxeles imave dRes Sexvda. litvinovma rom Tavadebi da mouravebic iseve moiqceod-
194
vaxtang guruli
nen. samegrelos mTavris naTqvami litvinovs gamocxadda, maTi saxeliT Ciqovanma da axv-
ar gahkvirvebia, radgan savsebiT cxadi iyo, ledianma momxdarisaTvis bodiSi moixades.
rom samegrelos samTavroSi sruli anarqia rusma moxelem SekrebilT kiTxva gaumeora,
sufevda, _ mTavars Tavadebi ki ara, Zmebic Tu ram aiZula isini uareyoT imereTis mefis
ar emorCilebodnen. litvinovma grigol da- qveSevrdomoba da gamxdariyvnen samegrelos
dians urCia, TavadebisaTvis eTxova, rom ru- mTavris qveSevrdomebi. SekiTxvas Tavadma Ci-
seTis imperators mindobodnen da leCxumis qovanma upasuxa: leCxumis Tavadebs yovelTvis
Taobaze saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde hqondaT ufleba TavianTi survilis mixedviT
Tavi SeekavebinaT. dadianma amazec Tanxmoba mieRoT qveSevrdomobao. es iyo leCxumis Ta-
ganacxada. piotr litvinovisa da grigol da- vadebis saerTo azri. litvinovma molapara-
dianis SeTanxmebis Semdeg maT Sexvedraze moi- keba Sewyvita da quTaisSi dabrunda.
wvies Tavadebi Ciqovani da axvlediani
axvlediani.. ori quTaisSi piotr litvinovma solomon
Tavadis nacvlad Sexvedraze ocamde adamiani II-s auwya, rom samegrelos mTavars mefesTan
gamocxadda. litvinovma SekrebilT sTxo- Serigebis gulwrfeli survili hqonda da mis
va, rom Tavadebis Ciqovanisa da axvledianis uzenaesobasac aRiarebda. es sityvebi mefem
garda, molaparakebaze aravin darCeniliyo. civad miiRo, Tumca rus moxeles ganucxada,
rusi moxelis Txovna uaryofili iqna, litvi- rom mzad iyo misi rCevebi gaeTvaliswinebina.
novi iZulebuli gaxda, molaparakeba daewyo. saubris dasasruls solomon II-m litvinovs
man kiTxviT mimarTa leCxumis Tavadebsa da uTxra, rom leCxumis sakiTxs igi saqarT-
mouravebs: ratom gamoxvediT imereTis mefis velos mTavarsardalTan gaarkvevda. mefes-
qveSevrdomobidan, ra mizezi gqondaT amisaT- Tan saubarma litvinovs grigol dadianis
vis? leCxumelebma aseTi pasuxi gasces: ar gafrTxileba gaaxsena: samegrelos mTavari
gvsurda mefis qveSevrdomoba da gavxdiT da- rus moxeles sTxovda, quTaisSi dabrunebaze
dianis qveSevrdomebi! litvinovma aseTi kat- xeli aeRo da masTan darCeniliyo. gakvirve-
egoriuli pasuxis mosmenis Semdeg SekrebilT bul rus moxeles grigol dadianma saidum-
mimarTa: Tqveni qmedeba ewinaaRmdegeba im pi- lod acnoba, rom solomon II quTaisSi myofi
robas, romelic cicianovma imereTis mefes rusebis daxocvas apirebda. eWvebi litvinovs
misca, samarTliani sasjelis Tavidan acilebis kidev ufro gauRrmavda mas Semdeg, rac
mizniT girCevT, solomon mefis qveSevrdomo- quTaisSi Casuls igive Wori daaxvedres.
bas daubrundeTo. Tavadebisagan rusma mox- piotr litvinovma solomon II samegrelos
elem kvlav kategoriuli pasuxi moismina: es mTavarTan Sexvedraze daiTanxma. man grigol
arasdros moxdeba! amis Semdeg litvinovma dadianis biZaSvili gagzavna samegreloSi da
grigol dadians sTxova, Tavisi azri moex- mTavari samegrelosa da imereTis sazRvarze
senebina TavadebisaTvis. samegrelos mTa- solomon II-Tan Sexvedraze miiwvia. grigol
vars sityva damTavrebulic ar hqonda, rom dadiani daTqmul adgilze dauyovnebliv ga-
yvelaze gavlenianma Tavadebma ganacxades: mocxadda, Tavisi Zma, nikolozi, quTaisSi
Tu Tqven ar gsurT iyoT Cveni mbrZanebeli, litvinovTan gagzavna da solomon II-Tan Sex-
Cven gtovebT Tqven, magram movkvdebiT da vedraze mzadyofna ganacxada. mefem Seityo
solomon mefis qveSevrdomebi ar gavxdebi- Tu ara grigol dadianis imereT-samegrelos
To. litvinovis Txovnis miuxedavad, leCxu- sazRvarze misvlis ambavi, saswrafod datova
mis Tavadebis nawilma molaparakeba datova. quTaisi da saTevzaod gaemgzavra. solomon
yovelive amis Semswre qaixosro wereTeli II quTaisSi litvinovis orgzis kategoriuli
darwmunda, rom leCxumis imereTis samefos moTxovnis Semdeg dabrunda. mefe quTaisSi ki
SemadgenlobaSi dabruneba Zalian Zneli iqne- dabrunda, magram grigol dadianTan Sexvedra
boda. qaixosro wereTelTan saubrisas piotr 1804 wlis 15 ivlisamde gadado. litvinovi-
litvinovma mas uTxra: imedi maqvs, solomon saTvis savsebiT cxadi gaxda, rom solomon II
II-s eyofa didsulovneba da moTminebiT dae- grigol dadianTan Sexvedras Tavs aridebda
lodeba imperatoris gadawyvetilebaso. da rusebsac cudi TvaliT uyurebda. qalaqSi
leCxumis TavadebTan molaparakebis xmebi dadioda, rom quTaisSi myofi iulon da
CaSlidan naxevari saaTis Semdeg Tavadebma farnavaz batoniSvilebis Tanmxlebi pirebi,
Ciqovanma da axvledianma litvinovTan Sexve- daaxloebiT 17 kaci, Tofiswamalsa da tyvias
dra iTxoves. sul Sexvedraze aTamde Tavadi yidulobdnen, raTa qalaqSi myofi rusebi
195
daexocaT. litvinovs isic acnobes, rom sol- evnoT, hqonodaT megobruli urTierToba; 3.
omon II-Tan gamocxaddnen arzrumisa da axal- imereTis mefes unda Seewyvita samegrelos
cixis faSaTa elCebi da mefes sTxoves, ru- darbeva da Zarcva; 4. Tu imereTis mefesa da
sis jari quTaisSi ar SemoeSva da saerTod, samegrelos mTavars Soris raime uTanxmoeba
samefos teritoriidan gaeZevebina. rogorc warmoiSoboda, TviTonve unda moegvarebinaT
Cans, litvinovi sakmaod sando wyarodan Re- da Tu ver moagvarebdnen, ruseTis mTavro-
bulobda cnobebs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mas bis waarmomadgeneli unda miewviaT. Tu am pi-
ar unda scodnoda, rom solomon II saTevzaod robebze Tanaxma iqnebodnen, solomon II-s da
Tavad solomon lioniZis rCeviT gaemgzavra, grigol dadians xelSekrulebaze xeli unda
raTa rusebisagan farulad sofel svirSi moeweraT da ficic daedoT.
farnavaz batoniSvils Sexvedroda. svirSi ficis dadebaze solomon II-m uari ga-
mefe konstantine batoniSvilsac Sexvedria. nacxada da es imiT axsna, rom man erTxel
1804 wlis 19 ivliss cicianovisadmi gagza- ukve daifica ruseTis imperatoris erTgule-
vnil moxsenebaSi litvinovi werda, rom sol- baze. piotr litvinovma mefes upasuxa, rom
omon II-m kargad icis qarTlidan gaqceuli araferi samarcxvino ficis meored dadebaSi
konstantine batoniSvilis samyofeli, magram ar iyo. solomon II-m ukan ar daixia da lit-
me mimalavso. vinovs mimarTa: `me mefe var.~ arc litvinov-
solomon II grigol dadianTan Sexvedras ma daixia ukan da maSinve upasuxa: `mefe, ma-
dasTanxmda, Tumca Tavisi piroba wamoayena. gram ruseTis xelmwifis qveSevrdomi~. solo-
mefem litvinovs ganucxada, rom igi winaaR- mon II-s araferi upasuxia, ramac rusi moxele
mdegi iyo, Sexvedra mdinare cxeniswylis na- gaaTamama da mefes ase mimarTa:~ me gTxovT,
piras mdebare sofel xunwSi gamarTuliyo, Tqveno umaRlesobav, am punqtebs xeli moaw-
radgan es sofeli samegrelos mTavars ekuT- eroT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, me Tqven sababs
vnoda. mefe sTavazobda, Sexvedra sofel maZlevT, gavakeTo arasasiamovno daskvnebi.~
saWilaoSi gamarTuliyo, romelic cxeniswyl- am sityvebis Semdeg mefem litvinovi axsna-
is orive napirze mdebareobda da mefes ekuT- ganmartebisaTvis miiwvia. rogorc litvinovi
vnoda. grigol dadiani mefis winadadebas 1804 wlis 27 ivliss cicianovisadmi gagza-
dasTanxmda. solomon II-m amis Semdegac ip- vnil moxsenebaSi aRniSnavs, solomon II-s rusi
ova mizezi molaparakebis gasaWianureblad, moxelisaTvis uTqvams: me ruseTis qveSevrdo-
kerZod, man moiTxova, rom grigol dadiani mobaSi imitom Sevedi, rom leCxumi Cems mflo-
cxeniswylis marjvena napiridan marcxena na- belobaSi darCeniliyo da Tu es ar moxdeba,
pirze gadmosuliyo. grigol dadiani SeSinda, ruseTis imperatoris erTguli ver davrCe-
mdinaris marjvena napirze mdgari samegrelos bio. cxadia, am sityvebma litvinovi SeaSfo-
mTavari litvinovis Tanmxlebi 50 rusi grena- Ta da rusma moxelem mefes hkiTxa, Tu ras
deris imedad iyo, marcxena napirze gadasv- moimoqmedebda SemdegSi. mefes am kiTxvaze pa-
lis Semdeg ki igi SeiZleboda solomon II-is suxi ar gaucia, mxolod Cailaparaka: `me igive
tyveobaSi aRmoCeniliyo. 1804 wlis 27 ivliss ganvucxade Tavad cicianovsac.~ litvinovi
cicianovisadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi litvi- mixvda, rom Sexvedris gagrZelebas azri aRar
novi aRniSnavs, rom man mefe mdinaris marjve- hqonda, magram mefes mainc hkiTxa, Tu riT
na napirze gadasvlaze daiTanxma, magram im pi- apirebda Sexvedris damTavrebas. mefes pasux-
robiT, Tu grigol dadianis amala da litvi- is gacemis droc ar misca, solomon lioniZem
novis grenaderebi im xes sakmao manZilze mo- rusi moxelis kiTxvas ase upasuxa: me davwer
Sordebodnen, romlis CrdilSi molaparakeba punqtebs, romlebSic aisaxeba yvelaferi, rac
unda gamarTuliyo. molaparakeba 1804 wlis 20 Tqvens punqtebSia. gakvirvebulma litvinovma
ivliss gaimarTa. litvonovma solomon II-s da ikiTxa: Tu Cem mier da Tqven mier dawerili
grigol dadians gaacno xelSekrulebis pro- punqtebi erTi da igive iqneba, ratom ar unda
eqti. imereTis mefe da samegrelos mTavari moaweros mefem xeli Cems punqtebs? mefes pa-
valdebulebas iRebdnen: 1. SeesrulebinaT suxi amjeradac lioniZem daaswro: mefe dadi-
ruseTis imperatoris yoveli brZaneba; ruse- anTan erTad erT furcelze xels ar moawers,
Tis mTavrobisaTvis dauyovnebliv ecnobebi- me ki or furcels movamzadebo. lioniZis wi-
naT, Tu Seityobdnen, rom vinme imperatoris nadadeba litvinovs misaRebad moeCvena. mo-
Ralats apirebda; 2. erTmaneTisaTvis araferi laparakeba amiT dasrulda, mefe cxeniswylis
196
vaxtang guruli
marcxena napirze gadavida. seqtembers litvinovi cicianovs moaxseneb-

meore dRes, 1804 wlis 21 ivliss, grigol da: solomon II-is ndoba ar SeiZleba, Tumca
dadianma solomon II-Tan Sexvedra moiTxova. redut-kaleSi ruseTis xomaldebis Semosvlam
mefem cxeniswylis marjvena napirze gadasv- mefe SeaSina da misgan xifaTs aRar unda ve-
laze uari ganacxada, xolo mTavars mdinaris lodeTo. cicianovs da volkonskis afiqreb-
marcxena napirze gadasvla eSinoda. molapara- daT is, rom iranis Sahisagan werilis miRebis
kebac aRar gagrZelebula. 21 ivliss litvi- Semdeg solomon II isev cdilobda leCxumi
novi cxeniswylis napirze aRar yofila, igi samegrelos mTavris winaaRmdeg aemxedrebina.
quTaisSi gaemgzavra. solomon II-m da grigol 1804 wlis 30 seqtembers litvinovi cici-
dadianma xelSekrulebis teqsts, cal-calke anovs moaxsenebda, rom man imereTis samefos
furcelze gadawerils, moaweres xeli. jars leCxumSi, dexviris cixis mimarTulebiT
quTaisSi dabrunebuli piotr litvi- gadaadgileba aukrZala, radgan es cixe same-
novi kmayofili iyo. igi imedovnebda, rom grelos mTavris samflobelodan 10-12 versis
solomon II droebiT mainc damSviddeboda. moSorebiT mdebareobda da grigol dadianic
rusi moxele optimizmiT ganawyo 1804 wlis leCxumisa da samegrelos saszRvarTan axlos
25 ivliss quTaTel mitropolit dosiTeozis cxovrobda.
mier gadaxdilma samadlobelma paraklis- grigol dadianis daSinebis mizniT sol-
ma. litvinovis moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom omon II xmebs avrcelebda, rom pavel cicia-
saeklesio mravalJamieris Sesrulebis dros novis sardlobiT iranSi SeWrili ruseTis
micemul iqna saluti zarbaznidan sami gas- jari damarcxda, jari mTlianad gaanadgures
roliT. RvTismsaxurebis dasrulebis Semdeg sparselebma, xolo cicianovi ki mokleso.
solomon II da Tavadebi litvinovs sadilze grigol dadianma es Wori ar daijera. amis
miuwvevia. puroba xuT saaTs gagrZelebula. Semdeg imereTis mefem samegrelos mTavris
3. solomon II-is mier leCxumisaTvis brZo- winaaRmdeg leCxumis Tavadebisa da saerTod
lis ganaxleba. imereTis mefe verafriT eg- mosaxleobis ajanyeba gadawyvita. ajanyebis
ueboda ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlasa da dawyebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda
leCxumis dakargvas. 1804 wlis 10 seqtembers dexviris cixes, romelic leCxumSi samegre-
saqarTvelos mmarTveli dimitri volkonski los mTavris umTavres dasayrdens warmoad-
pavel cicianovs auwyebda, rom man quTaisi- genda. viTareba daiZaba. 1804 wlis 30 seqtem-
dan solomon II-is werili miiRo. volkonski bers cicianovi solomon II-s werda: gavrcele-
werda, rom solomon II-m mas im werilis Ses- buli xmebi adasturebs Tqvens meryeobas
axeb acnoba, romelic iranis Sah feThi alisa- ruseTisadmi damokidebulebis gansazRvraSi,
gan miuRia. Sahi imereTis mefes ruseTis qve- imedi maqvs, Tqven SeZlebT am xmebis aRkveTas
Sevrdomobisagan gamosvlisaken mouwodebda. Cems quTaisSi Camosvlamdeo. cxadia, cicia-
volkonskis mefisaTvis iranis Sahis elCis novis quTaisSi Casvla saSiSi iyo solomon II-
dapatimreba urCevia, magram elCi quTaisidan Tvis. mefes mxolod is aimedebda, rom ruseT-
ukve wasuli aRmoCnda. rusebs daudgeniaT, iranis omi saqarTvelos mTavarsardals saSu-
rom Sahis elCi quTaisSi axalcixis gavliT alebas ar miscemda male Casuliyo quTaisSi.
Casula da ukanac axalcixis gziT dabrunebu- mefe cdilobda cicianovis Casvlamde leCxu-
la. rusebs daudgeniaT isic, rom Sahi solo- mis problema gadaeWra. am miznis misaRwevad
mon II–s piotr litvinovis mokveTili Tavis solomon II grigol dadianTan molaparakeba-
gagzavnas sTxovda. es ambavi imereTis mefes sac ar moerida. mefe grigol dadians ruseTis
cicianovisaTvis daumalavs. 1804 wlis 10 se- winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZolis sanacvlod
qtembris moxsenebaSi volkonski cicianovs leCxumis cixeebis ukan dabrunebas sTavazob-
werda: osmaleTis sulTans imereTis mefisaT- da. ufro metic, samegrelos mTavris ndoba
vis ruseTis qveSevrdomobis uaryofa da same- rom daemsaxurebina, solomon II-m grigol da-
foSi myofi rusebis gaJleta mouTxovia, wi- dians mZevlebis micemac ki aRuTqva. imereTis
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi jaris gamogzavniTa da mefe samegrelos mTavars sTxovda, rogorme
qveynis darbeviT damuqrebiao. rogorc mox- daerwmunebina litvinovi, rom sofel suju-
senebidan irkveva, solomon II-s sulTnisaTvis nadan quTaisSi, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi, cx-
uari ki ar SeuTvlia, aramed Tavadebi Seukre- eniswyalze dabrunebuliyo. imereTis mefem
bia da maTTvis rCeva ukiTxavs. 1804 wlis 14 samegrelos mTavars acnoba, rom SeTanxmebis
197
detalebis dasazusteblad masTan agzavnida Tan molaparakebis mizniT agzavnida xolme.

Tavadebs sexnia wulukiZesa da jafariZes
jafariZes.. quTaisSi Casuli nikolosaTvis solomon mefes
samegreloSi mimavali Suamavlebi sujunadan dedoflis mkurnaloba uTxovia. mTavris gar-
quTaisSi momaval litvinovs Sexvdnen. 1804 dacvalebis wina dReebSic, mRvdeli nikolo
wlis 12 oqtombers litvinovi cicianovs quTaisSi grigol dadianis nebarTviT wa-
moaxsenebda, rom man imereTis mefis warmo- sula, quTaisSive SeutyobinebiaT misTvis
madgenlebi mkacrad gaafrTxila, raTa solo- mTavris moulodneli avadmyofoba. nikolos
mon II-s xeli aeRoT ruseTis sawinaaRmdego maSinve dautovebia quTaisi, magram grigol
qmedebebze, xolo TviTon quTaisSi aRar Ca- dadiani mis Casvlamde ramdenime saaTiT adre
sula, kvlav sofel sujunaSi gabrunda. 1804 gardacvlila. nikolos mTavris avadmyofo-
wlis 23 oqtombris weriliT cicianovma lit- bisa da gardacvalebis ambavi gamoukiTxavs
vinovs acnoba, rom mis moqmedebas iwonebda. da daudgenia: avad gaxdomis Semdeg mTavars
4. grigol dadianis gardacvaleba. 1804 vinme zeva mkurnalobda, romelsac avadmyofi
wlis 24 oqtombers xanmokle avadmyofobis mTavrisaTvis nikolos daniSnuli wamali miu-
Semdeg moulodnelad gardaicvala samegre- cia; avad gaxdomis wina dRes mTavari savse-
los mTavari grigol dadiani
dadiani.. grogol da- biT janmrTeli yofila da kargadac uvaxS-
dianis gardacvaleba didi dartyma iyo ru- mia, sisuste mxolod vaxSmis Semdeg ugrZvnia,
seTisaTvis. samegrelos mTavris moulodne- male kuWis Zlieri tkivili daswyebia; grigol
li avadmyofobisa da gardacvalebis mizezi dadians meuRlisaTvis nikolos mier damzade-
yvelasaTvis ucnobi iyo. sikvdilamde erTi buli wamali uTxovia, magram am ukanasknels
kviriT adre grigol dadianma piotr lit- opiumi gaugzavnia; Sua Ramisas tkivili sul
vinovs acnoba, rom janmrTelad iyo da male ufro autaneli gamxdara da grigol dadi-
Sexvdeboda mas. rusebma pirvelad eWvi mTavris ans meuRle TavisTan uxmia; dedofal ninos
mkurnal eqimze, kaTolike mRvdel nikoloze mTavrisaTvis uTqvams, rom mas mowamvlis niS-
aiRes. litvinovi grigol dadians urCevda nebi hqonda, amitom aucilebeli iyo nikolos
mRvdeli nikolo mkurnalad ar moewvia, ma- quTaisidan gamoxmoba; mTavris sawolidan ga-
gram mTavarma rCeva ar gaiTvaliswina. lit- sul dedofal ninos iq myofTaTvis aukrZa-
vinovma eWvi mRvdel nikoloze imis gamo mii- lavs grigol dadianis mowamvlis Sesaxeb sau-
tana, rom igi xSirad miemgzavreboda quTaisSi bari. zevas mier micemuli Cvenebis Semdeg,
solomon II-is karze. male gairkva, rom mRvde- mRvdeli nikolo zevasTan erTad dedofal-
li nikolo udanaSaulo iyo. litvinovma eWvi Tan Sesaxvedrad wasula. nikolos dedofli-
ukve solomon II-ze miitana, magram amis damt- saTvis ukiTxavs, Tu ratom daalevina man
kiceba ver SeZlo. cicianovi imdenad SeaSfo- meuRles opiumi. dedofals uRiarebia, rom
Ta grigol dadianis gardacvalebam, rom mzad opiumi man avadmyofs SecdomiT daalevina.
iyo mkvlelis dasadgenad fuladi jildoc ki amis gamgone mRvdel nikolos tirili ver
gaeRo. male saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma Seukavebia. misi damSvideba dedofals Semdegi
Seityo, rom grigol dadianis gardacvalebis sityvebiT ucdia: nu tiriT, male Cemi Svili
Semdeg mRvdeli nikolo quTaisSi gaemgza- levani gaxdeba mTavari da igi kidev ufro
vra. cicianovis brZanebis Tanaxmad, nikolo did wyalobas moiRebso. mRvdel nikolos eWvi
daapatimres, jer gorSi Caiyvanes, xolo Sem- ar epareboda, rom grigol dadiani dedofal-
deg ganjis cixesTan mdgar cicianovs mihgva- ma ninom mowamla. amis Sesaxeb man garkveviT
res. mRvdeli nikolo piradad dakiTxa cici- moaxsena cicianovs, xolo mogvianebiT, 1806
anovma. Cvenebidan irkveva, rom mRvdeli didi wlis 30 seqtembers, _ imperator aleqsandr
pativiT sargeblobda samegrelos mTavris I-s. cicianovs iotisodena eWvic ki aRar dar-
karze, grigol dadiani mas mkurnalobisaTvis Cenia _ samegrelos mTavari dedofalma ninom
uxdida fuls, weliwadSi 300 maneTs. garda mowamla.
amisa, samegrelos mTavars mkurnali eqimi ux- grigol dadianis gardacvalebas samegre-
vad dausaCuqrebia, sxvadasxva dros misTvis los samTavroSi areulobis dawyeba mohyva.
uCuqebia cxeni, saaTi da mTeli sofeli (30 areulobis wamomwyebi mTavris Zmebi iyvnen,
yma glexi). nikolom quTaisSi misi xSiri stum- gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda manuCar dadiani
robis mizezic ganmarta. mRvdlis gancxadeb- da qvrivi dedofali nino nino.. am ukanasknels
iT, grigil dadiani mas quTaisSi solomon II- surda xelSi aeRo samTavros marTva-gamgeo-
198
vaxtang guruli
ba. aSkara iyo, rom manuCar dadiani dedofal leTisa. garda amisa, cxadi gaxda, rom afxaze-
ninos pirvelobas ar dauTmobda da Seecde- Tis mTavari levans didi gamosasyidis gareSe
boda Tavadebi da saerTod xalxi mis winaaR- ar gaaTavisuflebda.
mdeg aemxedrebina. 1804 wlis 25 oqtombers pavel cicianovi cdilobda grigol
litvinovi cicianovs moaxsenebda, rom manu- dadianis gardacvalebis Semdeg dawyebuli
Car dadiani ruseTisadmi cudad iyo ganwyo- areuloba samegrelos samTavroSi droebiTi
bili da misi samegrelos mTavris taxtze as- mmarTvelobis Seqmnis gziT Seewyvita. droe-
vla miuRebeli iyo. ufro SemaSfoTebeli iyo biT mmarTvelobaSi unda Sesuliyvnen same-
litvinovis 1804 wlis 2 noembris moxseneba. grelos Tavadebi. 1804 wlis 12 noembers ci-
rusi moxele cicianovs acnobebda, rom same- cianovi litvinovs werda, rom samegrelos
greloSi dawyebul areulobaSi, grigol da- droebiTi mmarTvelobis saTaveSi unda Caey-
dianis Zmebis garda aqtiurad monawileobda enebinaT gardacvlili mTavris meuRle dedo-
imereTis mefe. Seqmnil viTarebaSi litvinovi fali nino. iqve saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
aucileblad miiCnevda samegreloSi ruseTis litvinovs sTxovda am kandidaturis Sesaxeb
jaris erTi batalionis gagzavnas. amis Ses- Tavisi azri gamoeTqva, radgan mis xelT ar-
axeb litvinovs cicianovTan werilis gamog- sebuli cnobebiT, rogorc gardacvlili
zavnamde ucnobebia belevskis polkis meTau- mTavris meuRle dedofali nino nino,, ise grigol
risaTvis. es polki yirimidan gemiT gadmoi- dadianis deda, dedofali ana, intriganuli
yvanes redut-kaleSi da im droisaTvis mzad bunebiT xasiaTdebodnen. orive dedoflis
iyo dislokaciis adgilisaken daZruliyo. ganeitralebis mizniT cicianovi maTTvis
samegrelos mTavris taxtisaTvis brZolaSi didi pensiis daniSvnas da mamulebis xelux-
Caeba grigol dadianis deda dedofali ana ana.. leblad datovebas apirebda. 1804 wlis 12
1805 wlis 18 ianvars dedofali ana cicianovs dekembers cicianovma imperator aleqsandr
sTxovda mTavris taxtze misi Svili manuCa- I-s levan dadianis samegrelos taxtis memkvi-
ri daemtkicebina. cicianovs imave TxovniT dred damtkiceba sTxova. peterburgidan pa-
mimarTa manuCar dadianmac. saqarTvelos mTa- suxis mosvlamde, cicianovis brZanebis Tanax-
varsardalma aRar daayovna da 1805 wlis 31 mad, litvinovma levan dadiani taxtis memkvi-
marts manuCar dadianisaTvis gagzavnil wer- dred gamoacxada. am aqtma, gansakuTrebiT ki
ilSi mas tyveebiT vaWrobaSi da gardacvlili belevskis polkis Sesvlam samegrelos samTav-
mTavrisadmi mtrul ganwyobaSi dasdo brali. roSi, taxtis maZieblebi daafrTxo. samegre-
cicianovi manuCar dadians urCevda, rom ru- los samTavroSi areulobis Tavidan acilebis
seTisadmi erTguleba sityviT ki ara, saqmiT mizniT belevskis polkis erTi batalioni
daemtkicebina, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas ve- samegreloSive darCa, xolo danarCeni ori
raferi ixsnida. imereTisaken daiZra. imereTis mefis dasaSine-
grigol dadianis ufrosi vaJi levani blad erTi batalioni quTaisSi, xolo meore
mamis gardacvalebis droisaTvis arasrul- qalaqis SemogarenSi unda ganlagebuliyo.
wlovani iyo. aTi wlis levani mamam valis 5. solomon II-is brZola imereTis samefoSi
sanacvlod mZevlad misca afxazeTis mTavars ruseTis jaris Sesvlis Tavidan asacileblad.
qeleS mehmed bei ServaSiZes
ServaSiZes.. grigol dadia- 1804 wlis oqtomberSi pavel cicianovs pe-
nis gardacvalebis Semdeg litvinovma qeleS terburgidan acnobes, rom yirimidan belevs-
mehmed beis werili miswera da levan dadia- kis polki imereTsa da samegreloSi iqneboda
nis samegreloSi dabruneba mosTxova. cici- gadayvanili. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
anovsac imedi hqonda, rom afxazeTis mTavari gadawyvita am polkis TiTo batalioni same-
levanis samegreloSi dabrunebas dasTanxmde- greloSi,, leCxumsa da quTaisSi ganelagebina.
greloSi
boda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis imedi imas cicianovi litvinovs avalebda, imereTis me-
emyareboda, rom 1803 wels qeleS mehmed beim fisa da samegrelos mTavrisaTvis ecnobebina,
grigol dadians ruseTis imperiis qveSevr- rom ruseTis jaris dasabinaveblad yazarmebi
domobaSi SesvlaSi Semweoba sTxova. rogorc moemzadebinaT. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
zemoT aRvniSneT, male cicianovi darwmunda, ar malavda, rom jaris ganlageba samegrelo-
rom qeleS mehmed bei orpirobda da cdilob- Si, imereTsa da leCxumSi mosaxleobaSi ru-
da gaerkvia, ra ufro xelsayreli iyo misTvis seTisadmi erTgulebis ganmtkicebis mizniT
_ ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla Tu osma- xdeboda. ruseTis jaris quTaisSi mosalod-
199
nelma Sesvlam mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo solomon II-s gegmebis Sesaxeb saqmis kursSi
imereTis mefe. solomon II-s rusuli jaris ayenebda cicianovs. 1804 wlis 17 dekembers
qalaqSi gamoCenamdec surda qalaqi daetove- cicianovma sakmaod mkacri toniT dawerili
bina da leCxumSi gadasuliyo. SemdegSi mefem werili gaugzavna imereTis mefes. saqarT-
leCxumSi gamgzavreba gadaifiqra da gadawyvi- velos mTavarsardali werda: me vici, rom
ta, ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZola samegrelos Tqven quTaisSi ara Tu ruseTis jaris erTi
Tavadebis daxmarebiT gaegrZelebina. mefem batalionis, aramed erTi aseulis ganlagebac
Tavadebs SeuTvala, rom male qarTl-kaxeTis ki ar gsurT, ris Sesaxebac movale var movax-
samefo saxlis wevrebis (batoniSvilebis) ms- seno imperators. cicianovi imereTis mefes
gavsad, samegrelos Tavadebsac cimbirSi afrTxilebda, rom igi Tavisi saqcieliT im-
gaasaxlebdnen. am informaciam samegrelos peratoris risxvas daimsaxurebda. werilSi
TavadebSi didi mRelvareba gamoiwvia. lit- cicianovi solomon mefes ganumartavda, rom
vinovma mdgomareoba imiT ganmuxta, rom Ta- quTaissa da qalaqis SemogarenSi ruseTis ja-
vadebis nawili imereTis mefis SemonaTvalis ris ori batalionis ganlageba proviantiT
sicrueSi daarwmuna, xolo nawili daaSina. ukeT momaragebis mizniT iyo gamarTlebuli.
solomon II-m moqmedebis gegma Secvala. man generali imasac dasZenda, rom es qmedeba same-
litvinovs solomon lioniZe miugzavna. 1804 foSi simSvidis damyarebas Seuwyobda xels.
wlis 10 noembris weriliT litvinovi cici- yirimidan redut-kaleSi proviantiT
anovs acnobebda, rom leCxumis dabrunebisaT- datvirTuli ruseTis gemebis Sesvla dagvi-
vis brZolaSi Semweobis sanacvlod solomon II anda, ruseTis jars sursaTi samegrelosa da
mas 7.000 maneTs pirdeboda. rusma moxelem me- imereTSi unda Seesyida. 1804 wlis 2 dekem-
fis winadadeba ar miiRo da solomon II-s ul- bers redut-kaleSi rusuli xomaldi Semov-
timatumis formiT, leCxumis cixeebidan jar- ida. gemze imyofeboda belevskis polkis ori
ebis gamoyvana mosTxova. litvinovi mefisagan aseuli. xomaldi datvirTuli iyo ruseTis
aseve iTxovda: 1. navebisa da urmebis micemas jaris kuTvnili proviantiT. rusebma maS-
redut-kaledan ruseTis jarebisaTvis Camo- inve daiwyes urmebis daqiraveba proviantis
tanili proviantis samegrelosa da imereTSi redut-kaledan rionis SesarTavamde gadasa-
gadasatanad; 2. grigol dadianis Zmebis ru- tanad, raTa rionis sanaosno gziT provianti
seTis erTgulebaze dayoliebas; 3. imereTis samegrelosa da imereTSi SeetanaT. moulod-
samefodan peterburgSi deputaciis gagzavnis nelad 1804 wlis 8 dekembers iseTi qariSxali
daCqarebas; 4. ruseTis jarisaTvis yazarmebis amovarda, rom xomaldi CaiZira, daiRupnen
asagebad xe-tyis damzadebas. litvinovi sol- ekipaJis wevrebi (168 adamiani), ganadgurda
omon II-s pirdeboda, rom am moTxovnebis Ses- proviantis mTeli maragi, gadarCa mxolod
rulebis Semdeg cicianovTan leCxumis dab- fqvilis nawili, romlis gadmotvirTvac
runebis Taobaze uSuamdgomlebda. moaswres. uvneblad gadarCa belevskis pol-
ruseTis jaris ori batalionis quTaisSi kis ori aseulic, romlebic xomaldis CaZir-
Semosvlis ambavma da jarisaTvis yazarmebis vis droisaTvis ukve xmeleTze imyofeboda.
mSeneblobis moTxovnam imereTis mefe cud 1804 wlis 30 dekembers, cicianovi aleqsandr
gunebaze daayena. 1804 wlis dekemberSi mefem I-s werda: noembridan aprilamde samegrelos
piotr litvinovs Tavisi saxlTuxucesi da sanapirosTan gemebiT proviantis mitana ar
solomon lioniZe miugzavna da sTxova, rom SeiZleba, gemebi napirs unda miadgnen mxolod
quTaisSi ruseTis jaris mTeli batalioni zafxulobiT. gemis CaZirvis gamo ruseTis ja-
ar ganelagebina. mefe rus moxeles acnobeb- ris gamokvebis saqme kvlav garTulda.
da, rom jaris quTaisSi ganlagebis cnobam 1804 wlis dekemberSi solomon II-m dedo-
piradad igi da dedofali ise SeaSina, rom falTan erTad quTaisi datova da sofel
gadawyvetili aqvT qalaqi jaris mosvlamde varcixeSi gadavida. rusebs cnoba hqondaT,
datovon. mefe litvinovs sTxovda qalaqSi rom varcixidan axalcixis faSas meSveobiT
mxolod erTi aseuli ganelagebina, xolo imereTis mefe osmaleTTan awarmoebda mo-
danarCeni quTaisidan 40 versis moSorebiT laparakebas. warumatebeli molaparakebisa
rionis napirze, sanavardoSi
sanavardoSi,, gadaeyvana. mefe Tu kidev sxva mizezis gamo male solomon II
pirobas debda, rom sanavardoSi ruseTis quTaisSi dabrunda
jarisaTvis yazarmebsac aagebda. litvinovi 6. ruseTis jaris Semosvla samegrelos
200
vaxtang guruli
samTavrosa da imereTis samefoSi. vidre foTis li gagzavna da sTxova epasuxa kiTxvaze: ras
dakavebis gegma realobad iqceoda, yirimidan emyareboda osmaleTis sulTnis ufleba same-
foTis mimarTulebiT proviantiT datvirTu- grelos samTavroze? 1804 wlis 16 oqtomb-
li gemebi daiZra. erT-erT gemze belevskis ers litvinovi cicianovs moaxsenebda, rom
polkis ramdenime aseuli ganaTavses. gemebi iZulebuli iyo jari xobis SesarTavSi gadae-
foTs mouaxlovdnen Tu ara, foTis cixis sxa da Semdeg rionis napiris gayolebiT gae-
zarbaznebidan gamafrTxilebeli gasrola gagzavna samegrelosa da imereTSi. litvinovi
isma, foTis beim araTu gemebis navsadgurSi proviantis gadatanas cxenebiTa da urmebiT
Sesvlis, aramed Tundac erTi adamianis napir- apirebda, magram urmebis ukmarisobis gamo
ze gadmosvlis nebarTva ar misca. 1804 wlis 18 iZulebuli gamxdara tvirTis gadasazidad
ivliss ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa min- adamianebi gamoeyenebina. 1804 wlis 16 oqtom-
istri adam Cartoriski pavel cicianovs swer- bris werilSi litvinovi metad saintereso
da, rom rionis SesarTavSi sadme, samegrelos ideas sTavazobda cicianovs: rioni arxiT
mTavris mflobelobaSi arsebul teritori- SeerTebinaT mdinare civisaTvis, romelic,
aze, aegoT simagre, romelze dayrdnobiTac Tavis mxriv, mdinare xobs uerTdeboda. amde-
SesaZlebeli iqneboda foTis dakaveba. nad, foTis navsadguris gverdis avliT Savi
vidre foTis sakiTxi gadawydeboda, zRvidan navebi Sevidoda mdinare xobSi, xobi-
rusebi iZulebulni gaxdnen sxva navmisadgomi dan _ mdinare civSi, saidanac arxiT moxvde-
eZebnaT. yvelaze xelsayrel adgilad miCneul boda rionSi. navmisadgomi unda aegoT mdi-
iqna mdinare xobis SesarTavi. 1804 wlis oq- nare xobis SesarTavSi. sakmaod Sromatevadi
tomberSi xobis SesarTavs mouaxlovda sevas- samuSaos Sesasruleblad unda gamoeyenebinaT
topolidan gamosuli ori xomaldi, ``mixaili
mixaili““ jari. rionidan civamde arxis gaTxra sakmaod
da ìsidori
ìsidori“.
“. gemebze belevskis polkis ram- Zviri dajdeboda, magram am arxis amoqmedeba
denime aseuli imyofeboda, romelic samegre- SesaZlebels gaxdida foTis gverdis avliT
losa da imereTSi unda ganlagebuliyo. ruse- gamoeyenebinaT rionis sanaosno gza. cici-
Tis jaris muSketerTa ori aseuli sevasto- anovs idea Zalian moewona da dauyonebliv
polidan adre gamoemgzavra, magram mdinare Seudga arxis gayvanisaTvis mzadebas. 1804
xobis SesarTavTan ar gamoCenila. mesame gemi wlis 29 oqtombers arxis mSeneblobis Taoba-
pirvel ors sevastopolidan gamosvlis Sem- ze man saqmis kursSi Caayena adam Cartoriski,
Cartoriski,
deg CamorCa. gemebma `mixailma~ da ìsidor- xolo 1804 wlis 3 noembers inJiner-poruCik
ma~ mdinare xobis SesarTavidan moSorebiT laSqarevs ubrZana, xobis SesarTavSi navmis-
zRvaSi CauSves Ruza. foTis beim amjeradac adgomis asagebad adgili SeerCia. litvinovma
sastiki uari ganacxada gemebis navsadgurSi miiRo arxis mSeneblobaze jaris gamoyenebis
SeSvebaze. rusebs cnoba hqondaT, rom foTis ufleba.
beis solomon II da axalcixis faSa aqezebdnen. mdinareebis rionisa da civis erTmaneT-
imereTsa da samegreloSi mivlinebulma rusma Tan dakavSireba sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda.
moxele piotr litvinovma gamosavlis moZe- xobisa da rionis SemaerTebeli arxis mSene-
bna scada. man foTis beis SeuTvala: provi- bloba sakmaod Zviri jdeboda. 1804 wlis 24
ants foTis navsadgurSi gadmotvirTavdnen noembers cicianovma litvinovs acnoba, rom
da Semdeg rioniT samegrelosa da imereTSi arxis gayvanamde sofel xorgamde navebiT
gadaitandnen, ruseTis jari foTSi ar Sevi- motanili tvirTi samegreloSi urmebiT ga-
doda da saxmeleTo gziT, samegrelos samTav- daezidaT. 1804 wlis 30 dekembers cicianovi
ros teritoriis gavliT gaemarTeboda dan- litvinovs swerda, rom kapitan-leitenanti
iSnulebis adgilze. foTis beim litvinovs katorino mdinare xobis kalapotis Seswav-
upasuxa: samegrelos mTavars Savi zRvis las daiwyebda. am samuSaos Sesrulebas didi
sanapiroze samflobelo saerTod ar aqvs; mniSvneloba hqonda. Tu xobi navebiT tvirTis
imereTis mefe solomon II da samegrelos mTa- gadatanisaTvis gamosadegi iqneboda, maSin
vari grigol dadiani TavianTi miwebiTa da osmaleTis mflobelobaSi arsebuli foTis
wylebiT osmaleTis sulTans ekuTvnian; ru- dakavebis sakiTxic ixsneboda, radgan osma-
seTis jari sisxlisRvris gareSe napirze ver leTidan samegreloSi saqonels (ZiriTadad
gadasxdeba da gzas ver gaagrZelebso. lit- rkinasa da marils) foTis navsadguris gver-
vinovma foTis beisTan Tavisi warmomadgene- dis avliT Seitandnen da foTis bei did Semo-
201
savals dakargavda. arxis gayvanamde belevs- dadiani, Tavadi beJan dadiani,

dadiani, dadiani, dekanozi ivane
ivane..
kis polkis meTauri iZulebuli iyo xobidan deputacias daevala imperatorTan gaerkvia,
rionamde provianti jariskacebis meSveobiT Tu samegrelos samTavroSi ra formiT unda
gadaezida. marTalia, tvirTi rva versis man- elocaT ruseTis imperatoris janmrTelo-
Zilze gadahqondaT, magram gadatana mainc bisa da keTildReobisaTvis. deputacias im-
Zneldeboda. gzas kveTda ramdenime wyaluxvi peratorisaTvis unda eTxova: 1. samegrelo-
nakaduli da ori sakmaod Rrma mdinare. 1804 Si samTo saqmis mcodne moxelis gamogzavna,
wlis 12 noembers litvinovi cicianovs moax- romelic Seiswavlida adgilobriv sabadoebs;
senebda, rom igi tvirTis gadamtan erT-erT 2. samegrelos mmarTvel dedofal ninosaT-
razms piradad gahyva da xSirad welamde wy- vis ordenis boZeba; 3. imperators ruseTis
alSi Cafluls uwevda moZraoba. miuxedavad jarisaTvis ufleba unda mieca ebrZola ara
aseTi siZneleebisa, belevskis polkis jaris- marto mTavris xelisuflebis mowinaaRmde-
kacebma provianti samegreloSi gadaitanes. geTa alagmvisaTvis, aramed tyveTa syidvis
tvirTis saboloo ganlagebis adgilamde mi- aRmofxvrisaTvis; 4. imperators im saqonlis
tanaSi rusebs daxmareba aRmouCines grigol yirimidan samegreloSi Semotanis neba unda
dadianis Zmam nikolozma
nikolozma,, Wyondidelma epis- daerTo, romelic adre osmaleTs Semohqon-
koposma, Tavadma mxeiZem
mxeiZem,, romelTac rusebs da da romelic Zalze saWiro iyo samegre-
100-100 tvirTis mzidavi daaxmares. 50 kaci los mosaxleobisaTvis; 5. afxazeTis mTavars
gaugzavna rusebs caiSelma episkoposma da qeleS mehmed bei ServaSiZes samegrelos sam-
sofel xorgis mouravma. ase Semovida ru- Tavrosagan mitacebuli anaklia ukan undaE-
seTis jari 1804 wlis noember-dekemberSi daebrunebina. umTavresi davaleba, romelic
imereTis samefosa da samegrelos samTavros dedofalma ninom deputacias misca, leCxumis
teritoriaze. samegrelos samTavros SemadgenlobaSi dato-
sabolood ruseTis jari samegrelosa vebas exeboda.
da imereTSi ase ganlagda: erTi batalioni imereTis samefo ruseTis imperiis qve-
sofel sanavardoSi
sanavardoSi,, xolo meore _ sofel SevrdomobaSi iseTi pirobebiT Sevida, rom ar
xunwSi.. lazareTi Tavdapirvelad Savi zRvis
xunwSi SeiZleboda solomon II kmayofili yofiliyo.
sanapiroze, mdinare xobis SesarTavTan axlos ukmayofilebas mefe arc malavda. qveSevrdo-
darCa. mobis Taobaze ruseTis imperatoris sigelis
jaris dabinavebis garda rTuli gada- gadacemis Semdeg solomon II-m deputacia gag-
sawyveti aRmoCnda proviantiT momaragebis zavna peterburgSi, romelSic Sediodnen Ta-
sakiTxi. Zalze rTuldeboda yirimidan mdi- vadebi zurab wereTeli da svimon wereTeli.
wereTeli.
nare xobis SesarTavamde proviantis motana, imavdroulad mefem solomon lioniZe pavel
qariSxlis gamo gemebis gadaadgileba ferx- cicianovTan gagzavna da Tan gaatana 1805
deboda. ferxdeboda tvirTis gadatana zRvis wlis 31 marts xelmowerili saTxovari pun-
sanapirodan samegrelosa da imereTSic. qtebis axali varianti. axali saTxovari rva
7. viTareba imereTis samefosa da samegre- punqtisagan Sedgeboda. qvemoT movitanT pun-
los samTavroSi ruseTis jaris Sesvlis Sem- qtebis Sinaars da yovel punqtze cicianovis
deg. 1805 wlis 19 Tebervals quTaisSi imere- rezolucias:
Tis mefe solomon II-s piotr litvinovma 1. imereTis samefos SeunarCundes leCx-
sazeimo viTarebaSi gadasca imereTis samefos umi (cicianovis rezolucia: bevrjer mogax-
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis seneT da kvlav vimeoreb, rom leCxumis kuT-
damadasturebeli sigeli. aseTive sigeli vnilebis Taobaze gadawyvetilebas miiRebs
1805 wlis 10 ivniss litvinovma samegrelos imperatori);
mTavris memkvidre levans gadasca. levan da- 2. rus moxeleebsa da samxedroebs ar
dians aseve gadaeca aleqsandr I-is naboZebi unda hqonodaT raime ufleba mefeze da ar
wm. anas pirveli xarisxis ordeni, xmali da unda SeezRudaT misi xelisufleba (ciciano-
droSa. vis rezolucia: Tqveni mefuri Rirsebis Se-
samegrelos samTavros gamgebels, dedo- laxvas veravin ver gabedavs);
fal ninos
ninos,, aleqsandr I-ma peterburgSi depu- 3. rus moxeleebs pativi unda ecaT imere-
taciis gagzavnis ufleba misca. dedofalma Tis samefos Tavadebis, aznaurebis, aseve me-
deputaciis wevrebad SearCia Tavadi nikoloz fis axloblebisaTvis (cicianovis rezolu-
202
vaxtang guruli
cia: vin Selaxa maTi uflebebi?); Tebervals dedofali ana cicianovs swerda,
4. imereTis mefes ufleba unda hqonoda rom daecva konstantine batoniSvilis in-
pirdapir miemarTa ruseTis imperatorisaTvis teresebi imereTis taxtze. Semdeg dedofal-
da imperatoridanac pirdapir mieRo pasuxi ma anam erevnis cixeze salaSqrod gamzadebul
(cicianovis rezolucia: werilis gagzavnis cicianovs werili gaugzavna da konstantine
ufleba mefes yovelTvis aqvs, imperatoris batoniSvilis Tbilisidan sofel lamisya-
qveSevrdomobaSi myof mefes imperatorTan naSi gadayvanis ufleba sTxova. dedofali
elCis gagzavnis ufleba ar aqvs); Tavis Txovnas batoniSvilis susti janmrT-
5. imereTis mefes ruseTis imperatorisa- elobiTa da Tbilisuri gausaZlisi sicxiT
gan eboZos samefo niSnebi (cicianovis rezo- asabuTebda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
lucia: imperatori amis winaaRmdegi ar aris, dedoflis Txovna daakmayofila. ciciano-
magram mas surs darwmundes ruseTisadmi vis erevanze salaSqrod wasvlidan ramdenime
Tqvens erTgulebaSi); dRis Semdeg, 1804 wlis 12 ivniss, solomon
6. imereTis mefes eboZos imperatorisa mefis davalebiT imerelma Tavadebma da azn-
da senatis mier xelmowerili sigeli imer- aurebma konstantine batoniSvili qarTlidan
eTSi taxtis memkvidreebis mier mefobis (sofel lamisyanidan) zemo imereTSi gadai-
gagrZelebis Taobaze (cicianovis rezolucia: yvanes. cicianovma piotr litvinovs ubrZana
roca amis Sesaxeb ukve arsebobs imperatoris saswrafod gaerkvia batoniSvilis adgilsa-
xelmowerili sigeli, damowmebuli saxelm- myofeli. litvinovma mosaxleobis gamokiTxva
wifo beWdiT, ratom iTxovT senatis xelmow- Caatara, magram batoniSvilis kvals ver miag-
eras?); no. 1804 wlis 11 ivliss litvinovi cicianovs
7. imereTis mefe winaT mTel Tavis Semo- werda, rom batoniSvilis gauCinarebaSi sol-
savals gankargavda, ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi omon II rusebs da kerZod cicianovs, sdebda
Sesvlis Semdeg es ufleba CamoerTva, imere- brals. mefes litvinovisaTvis uTqvams, rom
Tis mefes eboZos ufleba samefos Semosavali konstantine batoniSvils gaqcevis saSualeba
isev TviTon gankargos (cicianovis rezolu- mieca imitom, rom igi TbilisSi iyo da ara
cia: roca samefos mTeli Semosavali Tqvens quTaisSio. bolos litvinovma batoniSvilis
gankargulebaSia, aseTi Txovna sircxvilia); adgilsamyofels miagno, magram man TbilisSi
8. Savi zRvis sanapirodan ruseTis ja- dabrunebaze uari ganacxada. litvinovi dar-
ris gadaadgileba imereTis samefos terito- wmunebuli iyo, rom TbilisSi Camosvla ba-
riis gavliT xdeba, ebrZanos ruseTis jaris toniSvilis nebaze ar iyo damokidebuli. 1804
sardlobas, mosaxleobisagan SeuZlebels nu wlis 29 ivliss konstantine batoniSvilma wer-
moiTxoven. imereTSi proviantis Zalze mcire ili miswera saqarTvelos mmarTvel dimitri
maragia, SesaZlebelia mxolod proviantis volkonskis, batoniSvili madlieri iyo ru-
damzadeba 500 jariskacisaTvis, furaJi cx- seTis imperatorisa patimrobidan gaTavisu-
enebisTvis saerTod ar moipoveba imereTSi. flebis gamo. Semdeg igi werda, rom solomon
(cicianovis rezolucia: ruseTis imperato- II da misi axloblebi Rirsebis Sesabamisad ar
ris jari imereTis samefoSi proviants aras- epyrobodnen, amcirebdnen mas. Tbilisidan wa-
dros ar iTxovda da arc moiTxovs); mosvla batoniSvilma imereTis monatrebiT ax-
pavel cicianovma solomon II-is axal sna. konstantine batoniSvili ukmayofilebas
saTxovar punqtebze pasuxis gacemis Sem- ar malavda solomon mefis mimarT, romelic
deg pirdapir dasdo brali mefes ruseTi- gamudmebiT eZebda mas, ris gamoc iZulebuli
sadmi arakeTilganwyobilebaSi, rac ruseTis gaxda guria-imereTis sazRvarze mTebisaTvis
mtrebis SefarebaSi gamoixateboda. saqarT- Seefarebina Tavi. batoniSvili volkonskis
velos mTavarsardali gulisxmobda 1803-1804 sTxovda, eSuamdgomla solomon II-Tan, raTa
wlebSi iulon da farnavaz batoniSvilebis am ukanasknels batoniSvili Rirsebis Sesa-
yofnas quTaisSi. solomon II-s cicianovis bamisad mieRo, xolo Semdeg Tavis beds ru-
braldebisaTvis ar upasuxia. seTis imperators miandobda. rogorc zemoT
imereTis samefoSi Seqmnil rTul vi- aRvniSneT, konstantine batoniSvili imereTSi
Tarebas kidev ufro Zabavda dedofal anas solomon II-Tan winaswari SeTanxmebis Semdeg
brZola Tavisi Svilis taxtis memkvidred gaiqca, magram amas saguldagulod malavda
gamocxadebisaTvis. jer kidev 1804 wlis 17 da Tavs mefisagan devnilad warmoadgenda.
203
batoniSvilis werili volkonskisadmi sol- SeTanxmebisamebr solomon II-s deputacia pe-

omon II-isa da misi garemocvis karnaxiT iyo terburgSi 1805 wlis TebervalSi unda gaeg-
dawerili. cicianovma yovelive es Seityo da zavna, man ki deputacias gamgzavrebis ufleba
male isic daadgina, rom moulodnelad gauCi- mxolod maisSi misca. maisidan ruseTSi mima-
narebul batoniSvils aravin devnida da igi vali gza wyaldidobebis gamo Caiketa (mdinare
imereTSi, Tavisi naTesavis, Tavad agiaSvilis, Tergze xidebi dazianda), ris gamoc deputa-
mamulSi cxovrobda. cicianovis davalebiT ciis gagzavna Seferxda. solomon II cdilobda
Tavad agiaSvilis mamulSi gaigzavna yabar- samegrelosa da guriis samTavroebSi Tavisi
dos muSketerTa polkis maiori kovaliovi
kovaliovi,, gavlenis gaZlierebas. am sakiTxis gadaWras
xolo quTaisSi solomon II-Tan - general- igi deputaciis peterburgSi Casvlamde geg-
maiori dimitri orbeliani.
orbeliani. dimitri orbeli- mavda. swored amitom Seaferxa mefem deputa-
anma mefes 1804 wlis 12 oqtombriT daTari- ciis ruseTSi gamgzavreba.
Rebuli cicianovis werili gadasca. saqarT-
velos mTavarsardali gakvirvebas gamoTqvam-
da imis gamo, rom solomon II-m TavSesafari
misca konstantine batoniSvils da mefisagan §2. guriis samTavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevr-
iTxovda, batoniSvili imereTis samefodan domobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg (1804-1805 ww.)
gaeZevebina. imereTis mefe dimitri orbeli-
1804 wels guriis samTavros ruseTis im-
ans umtkicebda, rom batoniSvilis adgilsa-
periis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, sam-
myofeli ar icoda, da amave dros cdilobda
Tvros faqtobrivma gamgebelma qaixosro gu-
Tavi ruseTis imperatoris erTgulad warmoe-
rielma samadlobeli werili gaugzavna pavel
Cina. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali gamosavals
cicianovs. am werilis miRebis Semdeg saqa-
imaSi xedavda, rom konstantine batoniSvili
rTvelos mTavarsardalma samTavros saSinao
da dedofali ana ruseTSi gaegzavna. Tavisi
saqmeebSi qaixosro gurielisa da jer kidev
gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb cicianovma aleqsan-
arasrulwlovani mTavris mamia V gurielis
dr I-s acnoba da Tanxmobac miiRo. cicianovs
mxare daikava. amiT ganawyenebuli vaxtang
surda, rom dedofal anas da batoniSvil kon-
da levan batoniSvilebi Tavisi antirusuli
stantines sakiTxi rac SeiZleba swrafad ga-
ganwyobilebiT cnobil imereTis mefes dau-
daewyvita. 1804 wlis 12 noembers, generali
kavSirdnen da Seecadnen, rom mas osmaleTTan
imereTis mefes swerda, rom miuxedavad Se-
urTierToba daemyarebina. qaixosro gurieli
niRbulad moqmedebisa, igi simarTles ver da-
cdilobda vaxtang da levan batoniSvilebis
malavda. werilSi saqarTvelos mTavrsardali
daTrgunvas, man xelT igdo levan batoniSvi-
aRniSnavda, rom imereTis mefem konstantine
lis werili solomon II-dmi, romelic imere-
batoniSvilis adgilsamyofeli icoda, magram
Tis mefis osmaleTTan farul urTierTobas
ruseTis xelisuflebis SecdomaSi Seyvanas
adasturebda. qaixosro gurielma werili ci-
cdilobda.
cianovs gaugzavna da didi madlobac daim-
pavel cicianovis werils solomon II-ze
saxura. arc vaxtang da levan batoniSvilebi
araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia, piriqiT,
iyvnen gulxeldakrefilni. maT daxmareba
mefem osmaleTTan saidumlo molaparakeba
axalcixis faSas selim ximSiaSvils Txoves.
daiwyo. mefem kargad icoda, rom quTaisSi
selim ximSiaSvilma guriaSi SemoWrisaT-
warmatebiT moqmedebda ruseTis dazverva,
vis daiwyo mzadeba, rac maleve gaxda cno-
ris gamoc samefo kari quTaisidan sofel
bili rusebisaTvis. 1804 wlis 12 noembers
sajavaxoSi gadavida. 1805 wlis 17 ivniss,
cicianovma selim ximSiaSvili gaafrTxila
cicianovma ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqme-
xeli aeRo ganzraxvaze. saqarTvelos mTavr-
Ta ministr adam Cartoriskis solomon II-
sardalma axalcixis faSas kategoriulad
is antirusuli orientaciis Sesaxeb kidev
aukrZala guriidan tyveebis gayvana. cicia-
erTxel acnoba. imavdroulad saqarTvelos
novi selim faSas werda: Tu guriidan tyvee-
mTavarsardali cdilobda gavlena moexdina
bis gatacebas gaagrZeleb, amis Sesaxeb stam-
imereTis mefeze. solomon II cicianovis weri-
bolSi ruseTis elCs vacnobeb da osmaleTis
lebs an saerTod ar pasuxobda, an cdilobda
sulTani Sens moqmedebas dausjels ar dato-
daemtkicebina, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsard-
vebso. selim faSa mixvda cicianovis gaaqti-
lis pretenziebis arsi ar esmoda. miRweuli
urebis mizezs: saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
204
vaxtang guruli
erT dros guriis samTavros SemadgenlobaSi mobac miiRo. guriaSi dazverviTi samuSaoe-
Semavali teritoriis _ qvemo guriis (qobu- bis Catarebis Semdeg eqspedicia samegrelos
leTi, baTumi) dasapyrobad emzadeboda da wi- samTavroSi gadavida. daaxloebiT imavdrou-
naswar aSinebda axalcixis faSas. jer kidev lad guriaSi imogzaura oficerma laSqarevma
laSqarevma,,
guriis samTavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevr- romelsac Savi zRvis sanapiroze navmisadgo-
domobaSi Sesvlamde, 1804 wlis 13 Tebervals, mis SerCeva evaleboda. laSqarevi imyofeboda
cicianovi stambolSi ruseTis elCs andrei sofel grigoleTSi
grigoleTSi,, romelic Tavad nakaSiZes
italinskis werda, rom ezruna, raTa guriis ekuTvnoda. cicianovs ainteresebda, gamodge-
sanapiroze mdebare baTumis navsadguri ru- boda Tu ara grigoleTi navmisadgomis mo-
seTs gadascemoda. 1804 wlis 25 aprils pavel sawyobad, rom ruseTis gemebi zamTarSi iq Se-
cicianovi andrei italinskis swerda: guriis suliyvnen. laSqarevma grigoleTis sanapiro
samTavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi navmisadgomis mosawyobad Seufereblad cno.
Sevida, baTumi guriis nawilia da igi ruseTs levan batoniSvili qaixosro gurielis
unda gadaeceso. 1804 wlis 30 seqtembers, ci- winaaRmdeg brZolas ar wyvetda. 1804 wels
cianovi litvinovs atyobinebda: adam Carto- piotr litvinovma qaixosro samegreloSi
riski mTxovs saswrafod mivawodo cnoba, Tu levan batoniSvilTan Sesarigeblad miiwvia.
rodis dakarga guriis samTavrom baTumio. solomon II-m qaixosro gurieli gaafrTxila,
litvinovi maSinve gaemgzavra guriaSi samTav- rusebs ar endoo. qaixosrom samegreloSi
ros istoriuli sazRvrebis Sesaxeb cnobebis wasvla gadaifiqra da litvinovi guriaSi mi-
Sesagroveblad. qaixosro da mamia gurieleb- iwvia. qaixosro gurieli, levan batoniSvili
ma litvinovs acnobes, qobuleTi, kintrSi, da piotr litvinovi erTmaneTs rionis mar-
cixisZiri, Caqvi da baTumi winaT guriis sam- cxena napirze, guriis samTavros terito-
Tavros SemadgenlobaSi Sediodao. litvinovs riaze, Sexvdnen. rusma moxelem es Sexvedra
levan batoniSvilic gamoukiTxavs, romelsac guriis samTavroSi arsebuli dapirispirebis
aseTi ganmarteba miucia: xino da qobuleTi 30 kidev ufro gasamwvaveblad gamoiyena. guriis
wlis win, xolo Caqvi da baTumi 80 wlis win erTianobis aRdgenis nacvlad qaixosros da
davkargeTo. cicianovma qvemo guriis teri- levans litvinovma samTavros teritoriis
toriis dapyroba ver moaswro, es sakiTxi (soflebis, cixeebis, eklesiebis, monastrebis)
xelxla da ufro mwvaved daisva ruseT-os- gayofa SesTavaza. SemuSavebuli iqna gayo-
maleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omis dros, Tumca fis proeqtic. gadawyda, rom mediatorebad
sxvadasxva mizezis gamo verc maSin gadaiWra. samegrelos Tavadebi da Wyondideli mTava-
qaixosro gurielisagan devnili levan repiskoposi moewviaT, amave dros qaixosrom
batoniSvili imereTSi gaiqca. batoniSvils da levanma ganacxades: guriis samTavroSi
surda qaixosro gurielis winaaRmdeg gener- Camovardnili SfoTis mizezi imereTis mefea,
al-maiori ion rikhofi gamoeyenebina. amiT ris gamoc samTavros gayofis molaparakebis
isargebla qaixosrom, foTis beis osmalTa procesSi imereTis mefis warmomadgeneli ver
razmi da zarbazani sTxova da levan batoniS- miiRebs monawileobaso. qaixosro da levan
vilis mamuli daikava. guriis samTavroSi kv- batoniSvilebi SeTanxmdnen, rom samTavros
lav areuloba daiwyo. samTavros saSinao saq- sabolood gayofamde erTmaneTis mimarT
meebSi solomon II Caeria. 1805 wlis aprilSi mtruli moqmedebisagan Tavi SeekavebinaT. qa-
mefe jariT sajavaxoSi mivida da qaixosro ixosro gurieli kargad xedavda, rom guriis
gurieli iZulebuli gaxda levan batoniSvil- samTavros gayofa kargs arafers moaswavebda,
isaTvis mamuli daebrunebina. magram imasac xedavda, rom iniciativa ruse-
1805 wlis mart-aprilSi dasavleT saqa- Tis xelisuflebidan momdinareobda. qaixos-
rTveloSi apolos musin-puSkinis davalebiT ro gurieli samTavros gayofas im pirobiT
geologiuri eqspedicia imyofeboda. eqspedi- dasTanxmda, rom gayofis saqme ruseTis xe-
ciaSi Sediodnen: ingliseli inJiner-meqaniko- lisuflebas mindoboda, xolo mTeli guriis
si maqsvini
maqsvini,, eqvsi ingliseli samTo ostati, gamgebloba mamia V gurielis xelSi unda ga-
erTi berZeni ostati, erTi praqtikanti stu- dasuliyo. piradad qaixosro dakmayofilde-
denti, eqspedicias icavda 16 kazaki. lit- boda im mamuliT, romelsac mas, rogorc ba-
vinovma qaixosro batoniSvils am eqspediciis toniSvils, mamia gurieli gamouyofda. garda
guriis samTavroSi Sesvla sTxova da Tanx- amisa, qaixosro gurieli iTxovda: 1. ruseTis
205
jaris mier guriis samTavro osmaleTis Semo- orientaciis momxre iyo, yovelnairad uSli-
sevebisgan dacvas; 2. qaixosros unda mieRo da xels solomon II-is gavlenis gavrcelebas
imis garantia, rom vaxtang da levan batoniS- guriis samTavroze da misi gegmebis Sesaxeb
vilebi mas arafers dauSavebdnen; 3. guriis saqmis kursSi ayenebda ruseTis xelisufle-
samTavros gayofas rusi pristavi unda das- bas. 1805 wlis dasawyisSi solomon II jariT
wreboda. sofel sajavaxosaken daiZra. quTaTelma mit-
guriis samTavros gayofis procesSi me- ropolitma dosiTeozma da genaTelma mTava-
diatorebad mowveuli samegrelos Tavadebi repiskoposma efTvimim mefis davalebiT qaix-
da mTavarepiskoposi Wyondideli samegrelos osro guriels solomon II-sTan gamocxadeba
mTavris saxlTuxucesis avadmyofobis gamo sTxoves. qaixosrom icoda, rom cicianovs es
guriaSi ver Cavidnen, samTavros gayofa ga- Sexvedra eWvis safuZvels miscemda, amitom
daido. iyo, rom man Sexvedris Sesaxeb saqmis kursSi
im xanebSi kvlav daiZaba imereTis samefo- Caayena litvinovi, romelmac qaixosros Sexve-
sa da guriis samTavros Soris urTierToba. draze gamocxadeba urCia. litvinovs erTad-
imereTis mefe gurielsa da dadians ruseTis erTi mizani amoZravebda: rus moxeles surda
winaaRmdeg brZolisaken mouwodebda. guriaSi qaixosro gurielis meSveobiT solomon II-is
solomon II-s sakmaod gavleniani mowinaaRmde- gegmebi Seetyo. Sexvedra ar Sedga. pavel ci-
geebi hyavda, maT Soris mTavari iyo mamia gu- cianovma solomon II-s jaris Seyris mizezis
rielis deda marine
marine,, imereTis mefis saxlTux- ganmarteba mosTxova. mefe iZulebuli gaxda
uces zurab wereTlis da. dedofali marine laSqroba gadaedo.
zurab wereTlis CagonebiT, romelic rusuli
206
vaxtang guruli
Tavi X. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omis dasawyisi. imereTis

samefos gauqmeba. guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis
qveSevrdomobaSi
§1 imereTis mefis solomon II-is brZola ruse-

§1. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma ivan gudoviCma
Tis qveSevrdomobidan gamosvlisaTvis Seityo Tu ara samegrelosa da afxazeTis
sanapiroebTan osmaleTis samxedro eskadri-
ruseT-iranis omis msvlelobis dros,
liis gamoCena, Tavisi warmomadgeneli gagza-
1804 wlis ivlis-seqtemberSi pavel ciciano-
vna axalcixeSi. gudoviCs surda gaego, ra ra-
vis marcxma erevnisaTvis brZolaSi solomon
odenobis jari hyavda axalcixis faSas da ra
II-s ruseTis qveSevrdomobidan Tavis daxsnis
gegmebi hqonda osmaleTis sulTans samxreT
imedi Causaxa. imereTis mefe kidev ufro op-
kavkasiis mimarT. gudoviCs gadawyvetili
timisturad ganewyo ruseTis jaris mier baqos
hqonda, Tu osmaleTi afxazeTSi SeWras ganiz-
dauflebisaTvis gancdili marcxisa da cicia-
raxavda, ruseTis jarebi omSi ar Caeba da os-
novis mkvlelobis Semdeg (1806 wlis 8 Teber-
malo sardlisaTvis ganecxadebina: osmaleTis
vali). mefis optimizmi gaZlierda 1806 wels
jarebis SeWra afxazeTSi ruseT-osmaleTis
ruseT-osmaleTis omis dawyebis Semdeg. omSi
megobrul urTierTobas zians ayenebso. Tu
osmaleTis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTis
amis Semdegac osmaleTis floti samegre-
jaris gayvana imereTis samefodan, samegrelosa
los sanapiros gavliT mainc gaemarTeboda
da guriis samTavroebidan TiTqos gardauva-
afxazeTisaken, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
li iqneboda. Tumca, rogorc Semdeg gairkva,
brZolisaTvis unda momzadebuliyo da osma-
solomon II-is gegmebs ganxorcieleba ar ewera.
leTis eskadriliisaTvis ukan dasabrunebeli
1. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omis
gza moeWra. qeleS mehmed beim taiar faSa ar
dasawyisi da saqarTvelo. ruseT-osmaleTis
gasca, magram osmaleTis eskadrilia mainc
urTierToba XIX saukunis damdegidan sul
ubrZolvelad gabrunda ukan. osmaleTis jar-
ufro da ufro iZabeboda. ruseT-osmaleTis
ebis Tavmoyra arc axalcixeSi SeiniSneboda.
momaval omSi umTavresi brZolebi dunai-
miuxedavad sazRvarze arsebuli simSvidisa,
spireTsa da balkaneTSi unda gamarTuliyo. am
peterburgSi kargad uwyodnen, rom safran-
regionSi ori imperia samkvdro-sasicocxlod
geTi osmaleTs ruseTis winaaRmdeg omisaken
upirispirdeboda erTmaneTs. meore regioni,
aqezebda. male gudoviCma Seityo, rom osma-
sadac ruseTi da osmaleTi erTmaneTs unda
lo sardali iusuf faSa arzrumSi didi ja-
Sejaxeboda, Crdilo da samxreT kavkasia iyo.
riT Cavida. osmaleTis jarebi Tavs iyridnen
osmaleTi imereTis samefos, samegrelosa da
yarsSi,, baiazeTsa da axalcixeSi
yarsSi axalcixeSi..
guriis samTavroebs Tavis savasaloebad Tv-
osmaleTis mzadeba omisaTvis da saqarT-
lida. osmaleTis sulTani ver egueboda maT
velos mTavarsardlis RonisZiebani sazRvris
Sesvlas ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi.
dasacavad. arzrumSi, yarsSi, baiazeTsa da
araviTar saidumlos ar warmoadgenda is, rom
axalcixeSi osmaleTis jarebis Tavmoyris
ruseTi afxazeTis samTavros qvveSevrdomo-
Sesaxeb cnobis miRebisTanave ivan gudoviCma
baSi miRebasac apirebda.
samxreT kavkasiaSi ruseT-osmaleTis saz-
osmaleTis jaris gamoCena samegrelosa da
Rvris dasacavad mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi
afxazeTis sanapirosTan
sanapirosTan.. 1806 wlis 25 ivliss
gaatara. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma Zl-
osmaleTis samxedro eskadriliam mdinare xo-
ieri razmi Seqmna da general-maior semion
bis SesarTavSi rusebis mier agebul simagre
portniaginis meTaurobiT Suragelis raionSi
redut-kales (yulevs) gverdi auara da af-
(Tbilisis samxreTiT) ganalaga. Suragelis
xazeTisaken gaemarTa. eskadriliis sardalma
razmma raioni ki daikava, magram iq yvela
afxazeTis mTavars qeleS mehmed bei ServaSiZes
sofeli ukve dacarielebuli iyo. general
devnili taiar faSas gadacema moTxova. osma-
portniaginis Suragelis raionSi gamoCenam
lo sardalma mosaxleobas amcno, rom taiar
erevnis xani SeaSfoTa. wina dReebSi erevanSi
faSas mkvleli did fulad jildos miiRebda.
xma gavrcelebula, rom rusi generali 15.000
afxazeTis mTavarma afxazeTsa da CerqezeTSi
mebrZoliTa da 12 zarbazniT erevnis cixes
didi laSqari Sekriba da osmalebis Semote-
Seutevda. xani imitom SeSfoTda, rom erev-
vis SemTxvevaSi soxumis dascvad moemzada.
nis cixis garnizoni sul 1.000 mebrZolisagan
207
Sedgeboda. erevnis xans daxmareba iranis Sa- batalioni gagzavna. 1807 wlis 5 marts saqa-
hisaTvis uTxovia, magram uSedegod. 1806 wlis rTvelos mTavarsardalma general nesvetaevs
18 dekembers osmaleTma omi gamoucxada ru- ubrZana: Tu mehmed faSa da yara bei yarss ne-
seTs. Crdilo da samxreT kavkasia sabrZolo bayoflobiT ar Caabarebdnen, Seteva daewyo.
moqmedebebis raionad iqca. osmalo sardali mehmed faSam da yara beim nesvetaevis ulti-
iusuf faSa 1806 wlis 10 marts Tbilisze matums ar upasuxes. 1807 wlis 16 marts ru-
laSqrobis dawyebas gegmavda. Setevis dawye- seTis jari, romelic 2.491 mebrZolisagan (79
bamde igi saqarTvelosa da Crdilo kavkasiis oficeri da 2.412 jariskaci) Sedgeboda 10
mosaxleobas ruseTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolve- zarbaznis TanxlebiT, Suragelis provinci-
lad gaerTianebisaken mouwodebda. osmalo idan yarsisaken daiZra. sofel baS-uragelTan
sardlis ramdenime werili rusebs CauvardaT miaxloebisas, sadac yara bei 1.000 qveiTiT
xelSi. werilebidan da sxva informaciidan imyofeboda, generalma nesvetaevma osmalebs
ivan gudoviCma daadgina, rom iranis laSqari
yarabaRis saxanoSi SeWras apirebda, xolo os-
maleTi _ samegrelosa da imereTSi. osmalebs
rusebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi solomon II-
is imedi hqondaT. dasavleT saqarTveloSi
myofi namdvili saxelmwifo mrCeveli piotr
litvinovi 1806 wlis 28 ivliss gudoviCs
moaxsenebda, rom pirveli SesaZleblobisTa-
nave solomon II osmaleTs miemxrobao. marT-
lac, imereTis mefe axalcixis faSas imereTSi
SeWris daCqarebas sTxovda. gudoviCs cnoba
hqonda, rom axalcixeSi arzrumidan osmale-
Tis didi jari Sevida, romlis erTi nawili
qarTlSi unda SeWriliyo, xolo meore _ same-
grelosa da imereTSi. imavdroulad, gener-
al-maiori ion rikhofi qeleS mehmed beisagan
miRebul cnobebze dayrdnobiT ivan gudov-
iCs moaxsenebda, rom osmalebi redut-kaleze
Tavdasxmas apirebdnen.
brZola yarsisaTvis.
yarsisaTvis. ivan gudoviCma os-
maleTsis mier omis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb yar-
sis faSa mehmedisagan Seityo. yarsis faSa omis
ivan gudoviCi
dawyebamde ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
Sesvlas apirebda. man 1806 wlis 10 oqtomb- danebeba SesTavaza. yara beim srolis daw-
ers oficialurad mimarTa aleqsandr I-s. os- yebis brZaneba gasca. nesvetaevi Setevaze ga-
maleTTan omis dawyebis Semdeg gudoviCi se- davida, brZolaSi 300 osmalo daiRupa, 400
riozulad emzadeboda yarsis dasakaveblad. ki tyved Cabarda. yara beim gaqceviT uSvela
samxedro operacia saidumloebis sruli dac- Tavs. maxlobeli soflebis mamasaxlisebi nes-
viT mzaddeboda. 1807 wlis TebervlisaTvis vetaevTan gamocxaddnen da ruseTis imperiis
yarsSi gasagzavni samxedro eqspedicia ukve qveSevrdomobaSi miReba sTxoves. sofel baS-
mzad iyo. yarsis faSa mehmeds safaSoSi Zl- SuragelSi nesvetaevma yarsis faSasagan 1807
ieri opozicia hyavda. yarsSi rusebis mowve- wlis 17 martiT daTariRebuli werili miiRo.
vis winaaRmdegi iyo misi Zma yara beibei.. yara aSkarad iyo, rom mehmed faSam rusul orien-
bei 300 qveiTiTa da 400 cxenosniT 1807 wlis taciaze xeli aiRo. male nesvetaevma yarsis
Tebervlis bolos Suragelis provinciis sa- faSasagan 1807 wlis 18 martiT daTariRebuli
sazRvro soflebs mouaxlovda. igi soflebis meore werili miiRo. werilSi pirdapir iyo
mosaxleobas osmaleTis teritoriaze ga- naTqvami, rom faSam yarsis cixe gaamagra da
dasvlas urCevda. gudoviCma SuragelSi gan- rusebTan brZolas apirebda. miuxedavad imi-
lagebuli general-maior piotr nesvetaevis sa, rom gudoviCma nesvetaevs daxmare Zala
razmis gasaZliereblad egerTa me-17 polkis ver gaugzavna, 1807 wlis 24 marts ruseTis
208
vaxtang guruli
jari yarsisaken daiZra. yarsis cixidan os- cixe ufro seriozulad iyo gamagrebuli. gu-
malTa razmi gamovida da nesvetaevis razms doviCma jari axalqalaqidan or versze erT-
miegeba. osmalebis Setevas mxars uWerda yar- erT mitovebul sofelSi SeaCera. ruseTis
sis cixis artileria. male osmalebi yarsis jaris banaks Tavs daesxa axalqalaqis cixidan
cixeSi Seiketnen da sastik winaaRmdegobas gamosuli osmaleTis cxenosani razmi, Tumca
uwevdnen rusebs. moulodnelad nesvetaevma didi danaklisiT maleve ukan daixia. ivan gu-
gudoviCisagan miiRo brZaneba, romelic mas doviCma axalqalaqis cixis komendants dane-
yarsis cixeze ieriSis mitanas ukrZalavda. beba mosTxova. komendantma pasuxi ar gasca,
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali savsebiT swo- ris Semdegac saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
rad Tvlida, rom yarsis kargad gamagrebuli 6 zarbaznidan cixis dabombva daiwyo. savele
cixis aRebas nesvetaevis razmi ver SeZlebda. zarbaznebma axalqalaqis cixes praqtikulad
1807 wlis 26 marts general-maiorma piotr ziani ver miayena. miuxedavad amisa, dabombva
nesvetaevma yarsidan Crdilo aRmosavleTiT ramdenime saaTi gagrZelda. cixis komendant-
44 versiT ukan daixia da yarssa da giumrs ma gudoviCis arc meore ultimatums upasuxa.
Soris SeCerda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma Tavis gankar-
brZola axalqalaqisaTvis.
axalqalaqisaTvis. 1807 wlis gulebaSi myofi 2.900 mebrZoli xuT kolonad
gazafxulze osmalTa mcirericxovani razme- gayo. 1807 wlis 8 maiss saRamos da 9 maiss
bi bambakisa da Suragelis provinciebs esx- RamiT xuTive kolonam sabrZolo poziciebi
modnen Tavs. ivan gudoviCs cnoba hqonda, rom daikava. 9 maiss, diliT, zarbaznebidan cixis
arzrumsa da mis SemogarenSi osmalTa jaris kidev erTxel dabombvis Semdeg rusebi Sete-
mniSvnelovani raodenoba ar iyo ganlagebu- vaze gadavidnen. Sturmi daaxloebiT xuTi
li. yarsis faSas daxmareba mxolod axalcixi- saaTi grZeldeboda. gudoviCma mTeli rezer-
dan SeeZlo mieRo, sadac osmalTa didi jari vi brZolaSi Caaba. rusebma moklulTa da daW-
iyo ganlagebuli. 1807 wlis martis bolos rilTa saxiT didi zarali naxes: daiRupa 9 da
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma axalcixeze daiWra 25 oficeri, daiRupa 258 da daiWra 588
laSqroba gadawyvita. 1807 wlis 17 aprils igi rigiTi. gudoviCi iZulebuli gaxda Sturmi
4.500 mebrZoliT Tbilisidan gavida da Tria- Seewyvita. rogorc ki Sturmi Sewyda, cixidan
leTis gavliT axalcixisaken gaemarTa. axal- 700 osmalo cxenosani gamovida da rusebis
cixeze laSqrobis dawyebisTanave gudoviCma poziciebs Seutia. narvis dragunTa polkis
dasavleT saqarTveloSi myof general-maior samma eskadronma polkovnik ottos meTauro-
ion rikhofs ubrZana belevskis muSketerTa biT osmalebi ukuagdo. ivan gudoviCma walka-
polkis sami batalioniT mdinare xobis Ses- Si Casvlis Semdeg piotr nesvetaevs ubrZana,
arTavSi arsebuli simagre redut-kale dae- yarsis safaSos teritoria daekavebina.
cva. mas Semdeg rac osmalo sardlis iusuf brZola foTisaTvis. ivan gudoviCis ax-
faSas jaris yarsisaken gadaadgilebis ambavi alqalaqze laSqrobis paralelurad ruseTis
Seityo, gudoviCma yarsze laSqroba daaC- jarma foTis cixis aReba scada. foTis cixis
qara. yarsis safaSos teritoriaze Sesvlis dakavebas didi mniSvneloba hqonda: Tu foTs
Semdeg iusuf faSam jari or nawilad gayo, ruseTis jari daikavebda, redut-kalesa da
erT nawils man yarsis safaSos teritori- foTis simagreebi samegrelosa da imereTs da-
idan nesvetaevis razmebis gandevna daavala, icavdnen osmaleTis jaris SemoWrisagan. fo-
xolo meores _ redut-kales aReba da imer- Tis aReba advili ar iyo, magram gudoviCis aC-
eTsa da samegreloSi SeWra. 28 aprils gu- qareba erTma mizezma ganapiroba: foTis beid
doviCi ukve walkaSi imyofeboda, sadac didi afxazeTis mTavris qeleS mehmed beis TxovniT
yinvebis gamo sami dRiT mouxda SeCereba. 1 osmalebma quCuk ServaSiZe dainSnes. gudovi-
maiss ruseTis jari walkidan axalcixisaken Ci imedovnebda, rom ruseTisadmi keTilgan-
daiZra. ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvris gadakve- wyobili afxazeTis mTavari quCuk beize gav-
Tis Semdeg rusebs didi winaaRmdegoba ar Sex- lenas moaxdenda da es ukanaskneli ruseTis
vedriaT. Tbilisidan javaxeTis gavliT ruse- jars did winaaRmdegobas ar gauwevda. saqa-
Tis jaris Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi axalcixes rTvelos mTavarsardalma general-maior ion
axalqalaqis cixe icavda, xolo suramidan rikhofs ubrZana qeleS mehmed beis molapara-
mtkvris xeobiT Setevis SemTxvevaSi _ xerTvi- keboda da foTisaTvis alya Semoertya. gu-
sis cixe. xerTvisTan SedarebiT axalqalaqis doviCis varaudi ar gamarTlda, afxazeTis
209
mTavarma Suamdgomlobaze uari Tqva, xolo xelSekruleba. ruseT-safrangeTis 1807 25

quCuk beis foTis cixis Cabarebis Taobaze ivnisis zavi. ruseT-osmaleTis 1807 wlis 2
saubaric ki ar surda. 1807 wlis 21 aprils seqtembris droebiTi zavi. 1807 wlis ivnisSi
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma general rik- ivan gudoviCma mdinare arpaCais napirze Se-
hofs ubrZana redut-kalesa da quTaisSi ru- darebiT mcire ZalebiT (6.774 oficeri da
seTis jaris saguSagoebi daetovebina da fo- jariskaci)) iusuf faSas gacilebiT didi jari
jariskaci
Tis asaRebad daZruliyo. 27 aprils rikhofi (20.000 mebrZoli 25 zarbazniT) daamarcxa.
foTisaken daiZra. 1807 wlis 6 maiss rikhofi brZolis velidan 35 versis moSorebiT 12.000
gudoviCs moaxsenebda, rom mis gankarguleba- mebrZoliT iranis taxtis memkvidre abas mir-
Si iyo: 45 oficeri, 1.120 rigiTi, 134 arasam- za idga da brZolis Sedegs eloda. osmalTa
wyobro momzadebis samxedro mosamsaxure da damarcxebis Semdeg abas mirzam ruseTis ja-
4 zarbazani. samxedro nawilebidan general ris winaaRmdeg brZolis dawyeba veRar gabeda
rikhofis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: belevskis da dazavebaze daiwyo fiqri. dazaveba surda
polki (888 mebrZoli), egerTa me-9 polki (255 iranis Sahsac, magram osmaleTi da safran-
mebrZoli), doneli kazakebi (99 mebrZoli), geTi mas omis gagrZelebisaken mouwodebdnen.
artileristebi (57 mebrZoli). foTis beim osmaleTTan dawyebuli omis pirobebSi iran-
quCuk ServaSiZem cixis Cabarebaze amjeradac Tan dazaveba ruseTis saimperatoro karis
uari ganacxada, ris Semdegac rikhofma cixis gegmebSic Sedioda. iranis Sahi feThi ali sab-
blokada daiwyo. male baTumidan quCuk beis oloo gadawyvetilebas ar iRebda da parizSi
damxmare Zala mouvida. osmalo sardlebma mimdinare iran-safrangeTis milaparakebis
iTaTbires da Semdegi gadawyvetileba miiRes: Sedegebs eloda. 1807 wlis 4 maiss parizSi
foTisaken daeZraT samxedro eskadrilia xeli moewera iran-safrangeTis xelSekrule-
da CrdiloeTidan da samxreTidan erTrou- bas. xelSekrulebis ZaliT, safrangeTis im-
lad daertyaT ruseTis moalye jarisaTvis. peratori napoleoni irans teritoriuli
swored am dros gudoviCma rikhofs foTi- mTlianobis xelSeuxeblobas da saqarTvelos
saTvis brZolis Sewyveta ubrZana. 1807 wlis (qarTl-kaxeTis _ v. g.) dabrunebas hpird-
19 maiss generalma foTs alya moxsna. moalye eboda. XIX saukunis damdegidan dawyebuli
jaris 4 aseuli sofel WaladidSi gadavida, ruseT-safrangeTis dapirispireba 1807 wlis
mas osmalTagan samegrelos samTavros dacva 25 ivniss tilzitis zaviT damTavrda. am zavis
daevala. Tavad generali rikhofi danarCeni Tanaxmad, napoleonma ruseTisa da osmaleTis
jariT redut-kaleSi Cavida. Serigebis valdebuleba aiRo. zavis erT-erTi
imereTis mefes solomon II-s, cxadia, ax- muxli ruseTsa da osmaleTs avaldebulebda
arebda ruseTis jaris warumatebloba yarsTan dauyonebliv SeewyvitaT sabrZolo moqmede-
da axalqalaqTan. moulodnelad mefem iusuf bebi. 1807 wlis 2 seqtembers ruseTsa da os-
faSasagan samwuxaro ambavi Seityo. osmalo maleTs Soris droebiTi zavi daido. zavis
sardali mefes werda: sulTanma Seityo Tu pirobis Tanaxmad, jarebi rCebodnen imave
ara, rom rusebi imereTSi motyuebiT Sevid- adgilas, ra adgilzec imyofebodnen daza-
nen, gamosca firmani, romelic solomon II-s vebis momentSi: ruseTis jari mdinare arpa-
imereTSi myofi ruseTis jaris gaJletas ava- Cais marjvena napirze, osmaleTisa _ mdinare
lebda. osmaleTis sulTani imereTis mefes yarsis marjvena napirze.
emuqreboda, rom misi brZanebis Seusrule- 2. solomon II urTierToba ruseTTan os-
blobis SemTxvevaSi samefos samudamod da- maleT-ruseTis 1807 wlis 2 seqtembris droe-
kargavda. sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavardnili biTi zavis Semdeg. ruseT-osmaleTis dazavebam
imereTis mefe gamosavals eZebda. bolos mefe solomon II-s osmaleTis daxmarebiT ruseTis
im daskvnamde mivida, rom umjbesi iyo fo- jarebis gandevnis imedi gadauwura. moulod-
Tis cixisaTvis gamarTul brZolis Sedegebs nelad axalcixidan gavrcelda xma, rom ru-
dalodeboda da Semdeg gadaewyvita: darCe- seT-osmaleTis SeTanxmebiT imereTis samefo
niliyo ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Tu osmale- osmaleTs gadaeca. marTalia, gavrcelebuli
Tis sulTanTan eZia xsna. movlenebi jerje- xmebi oficialurad ar dadasturebula, Tum-
robiT mainc solomon II-Tvis araxelsayrelad ca solomon II-m imereTis samefos osmaleTis
viTardeboda. SemadgenlobaSi gadasvla gadawyvetilad CaT-
iran-safrangeTis 1807 wlis 4 maisis vala. ivan gudoviCi solomon II-s arwmunebda,
210
vaxtang guruli
rom samxreT kavkasiaSi ruseTi osmaleTs upi- dawvrilebiT Seetyo, Tu ra urTierToba

ratesobis mopovebis saSualebas ar miscemda hqonda imereTis mefes axalcixis faSasTan.
da rac mTavaria, omis dasruleba da zavis rusebs cnobebi hqondaT, rom solomon II maT-
dadeba jer Sors iyo. solomon II saqarT- gan farulad axalcixis faSasTan molapara-
velos mTavarsdardlis gafrTxilebas yurad kebebs awarmoebda. cxadia, gudoviCi mixvda,
ar iRebda. imereTis mefem mWidro kavSiri rom saxlTuxucesi zurab wereTeli solomon
daamyara axalcixis faSasTan da rusebis pro- II-m samefo karidan ruseTis mimarT keTil-
tests arafrad agdebda. 1807 wlis 17 seqtem- ganwyobis gamo gaaZeva. axali saxlTuxucesi,
bers mefe general-maior ion rikhofs werda, Tavadi rostom niJaraZe, mxars ar uWerda
rom man axalcixis faSa selimis werili mi- rusul orientacias. mefem garSemo swored
iRo. selim faSas werilis Sinaarsi imereTis proosmaluri miswrafebis Tavadebi Semoi-
mefem am saxiT acnoba generals: 1. ruseTma kriba. male solomon II-m yovelgvari urTier-
yirimi da imereTis samefo osmaleTs dauTmo; Toba gawyvita rusebTan, iSviaTad pasuxobda
2. ruseTis, safrangeTisa da inglisis elCebi saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis werilebs da
yarsSi iusuf faSasTan gamocxadebulan, raTa Tu pasuxobda, Zalze ukmexad. yvela wer-
gaerkviaT, ra raodenobis jari hyavda ruseTs ilSi solomon II quTaisidan ruseTis jaris
ganjaSi, SuSaSi, TbilisSi, imereTSi, yulevSi gayvanas iTxovda. 1807 wlis 4 dekembers ivan
(redut-kaleSi); 3. sakiTxis garkvevis Semdeg gudoviCi aleqsandr voroncovs moaxsenebda,
elCebi derbentis (darubandis) gavliT ru- rom solomon II samudamod gadaudga ruseTs.
seTSi gamgzavrebulan. selim faSas werilSi samefo karidan gaZevebuli zurab
moTxrobili ambebi TviT faSas mogonili iyo. wereTeli Tavis mamulSi cxovrobda, iSvia-
axalcixis faSa ukmayofilo iyo ruseT-os- Tad Cndeboda quTaisSi, Tumca yvelaferi
maleTis droebiTi zavis pirobebiT, radgan icoda, rac xdeboda. 1808 wlis damdegs man
axalcixeSi myof lekebs qarTlis dasar- saidumlo informaciis gadasacemad ruse-
bevad veRar gagzavnida. garda amisa, selim Tis warmomadgenelTan Sexvedra iTxova. cxa-
faSam icoda, rom ruseT-osmaleTis dazave- dia, Sexvedris oficialur mizezad sxva ram
biT solomon II-s guli gautydeboda da ru- unda dasaxelebuliyo. 1808 wlis 8 ianvars
seTis winaaRmdeg brZolas Sewyvetda. selim polkovniki tarasovi general-maior ion rik-
faSas waqezebiT solomon II-m Tavadebsa da hofs moaxsenebda, rom zurab wereTelTan
aznaurebs jaris Sekreba ubrZana da rusebs Sesaxvedrad man belevskis polkis maiori
quTaisidan jaris gayvana mosTxova. mefe gen- moizo gagzavna. zurab wereTelma rus ofi-
eral rikhofs swerda: aTasjer gangicxadeT, cers acnoba, rom solomon II lekebis jaris
rom quTaisSi Tqveni jaris yofna, Tundac daxmarebiT quTaisidan ruseTis jaris gan-
erTi jariskacisa, Cvens nebas ewinaaRmdege- devnas apirebda. zurab wereTlis gancxadeb-
bao. solomon II generals jaris dauyonebli- iT, lekebis jari ukve imereTis sazRvarTan
vi gayvanisaken mouwodebda. rikhofma mefes iyo dabanakebuli. mefes gadawyvetili hqo-
auxsna, rom ruseTis jari quTaisSi piradad nia ruseTis jaris manevrirebis Seferxebis
mis dasacavad imyofeboda. 1807 wlis 24 no- mizniT gadaeketa qarTlidan (suramidan) da
embers solomon II gudoviCs werda: ruseTis samegrelodan (redut-kaledan) quTaisSi mi-
jari quTaisSi Cems dasacavad ki ara, samefo mavali gzebi. male zurab wereTeli piradad
saxlis gasanadgureblad dgaso. mefe saqarT- Sexvda rikhofs. generalTan Sexvedrisas zur-
velos mTavarsardalsac imaves mouwodebda, ab wereTelma ganacxada, rom rusebisaTvis
_ quTaisidan ruseTis jari gaeyvana. 28 noem- saWiro sxva informaciasac flobda, magram
bers gudoviCma solomon II-s pasuxad acnoba, manam ver gaamJRavnebda, vidre piradi us-
rom quTaisidan ruseTis jaris gayvana Seu- afrTxoebis garantias ar miiRebda. Tu rikho-
Zlebeli iyo da rom qalaqSi ruseTis jaris fis mier 1808 wlis 18 ianvars gudoviCisadmi
erTi batalioni mainc unda darCeniliyo. gagzavnil moxsenebas vendobiT, generalTan
quTaisidan ruseTis jaris gayvanis Tao- Sexvedrisas zurab wereTels aseTi ram uTq-
baze solomon II-is moTxovnis Semdeg ivan vams: Tu mefe ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolas
gudoviCma ion rikhofs ubrZana, Tvalyuri gaagrZelebs, maSin qveynis dawynarebis mizniT
edevnebina mefis moqmedebisaTvis. saqarT- igi iZulebuli gaxdeboda solomon II gadae-
velos mTavarsardali generals avalebda yenebina da samefos marTva-gamgeoba Tavis
211
Tavze aeRo. zurab wereTlis gegma ar miiRo samefos droebiT mmarTvelobas unda emuSava
ivan gudoviCma, rac ganpirobebuli iyo ori uSualod saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis meT-
mizeziT: 1. mironcxebuli monarqis taxtidan valyureobiT. aleqsandr I-is 1808 wlis 10
gadayeneba da xelisuflebis saTaveSi Tavadis Tebervlis reskriptSi gansazRvrulia imere-
mosvla imereTis samefos ki ar daawynarebda, Tis droebiTi mmarTvelobis oficialuri
aramed ufro did qaosSi gadaCexda; 2. iran- saxelwodeba _ `ìmereTis
imereTis olqis droebiTi
Tan da osmaleTTan mimdinare omis pirobebSi mmarTveloba~. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
mmarTveloba
imereTis samefoSi mosalodneli areuloba SiSobda, rom mefis gadayeneba da droebiTi
ruseTisaTvis sasurveli ar iyo, radgan ja- mmarTvelobis SemoReba imereTSi mRelva-
ris mniSvnelovani nawilis imereTis samefoSi rebas gamoiwvevda. gudoviCma imereTis mo-
ganlageba gaxdeboda aucilebeli. saxleobas acnoba, rom droebiTi mmarT-
ivan gudoviCi kavkasiis xazidan jaris velobis SemoRebis Semdeg yvela wodebas
gamogzavnas eloda. am Zalebis mosvlamde mas SeunarCundeboda Tavisi uflebebi. ruseTis
quTaisSi egerTa me-9 polkis erTi batalio- erTgul Tavad zurab wereTels polkovnikis
nis datoveba SeeZlo. amitom iyo, rom saqa- wodeba mieniWa da 1.200 maneTi wliuri pensia
rTvelos mTavarsardali solomon II-gan daeniSna. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma gen-
iTxovda, imereTSi lekTa jari ar Semoeyvana eral rikhofs daavala gaego zurab wereT-
da imavdroulad, urTierToba Seewyvita axlis azri imereTis droebiTi mmarTvelobis
alcixis faSa selimTan. amasTan erTad, 1808 SemoRebis Sesaxeb da misTvis mmarTvelobaSi
wlis 30 ianvars gudoviCi rikhofs avaleb- pirveli Tavadis adgili SeeTavazebina. zur-
da, redut-kale kargad gaemagrebina da kav- ab wereTels rusebis gegma ar moewona. misi
Siri hqonoda zurab wereTelTan. 1808 wlis mizani iyo imereTis samefos erTpirovnu-
Tebervlis damdegs zurab wereTeli quTaisSi lad da damoukideblad marTva da ara droe-
Cavida, polkovnik tarasovs Sexvda da ase- biT mmarTvelobaSi Tundac pirveli Tavadis
Ti ram acnoba: solomon II Tavis saqciels statusiT yofna. amitom iyo, rom man mxari
inaniebs da mzadaa rusebs TavadTa cnobili aRar dauWira mefis gadayenebas. amrigad, wi-
sagvareuloebidan mZevlebi misceso. gen- naT mefis gadayenebis momxre zurab wereTeli
erali rikhofi gudoviCs moaxsenebda, rom amjerad mefis damcvelTa rigebSi Cadga. Ta-
mefe mZevlebis gagzavnas mxolod mas Semdeg vis mamulSi ganmartoebuli Tavadi momaval
apirebda, rac misi moTxovnebi dakmayofilde- samoqmedo gegmaze aRarafers ambobda. masTan
boda. solomon II 1804 wlis elaznauris Se- aleqsandr I-is reskriptiT misuli adiutanti
Tanxmebis pirobebis gadasinjvas da axali Se- kanonenko maspinZelma Zalian Tbilad miiRo
Tanxmebis dadebas iTxovda. ucvleli rCeboda da ramdenjerme emTxvia reskriptis teqsts.
mefis moTxovna leCxumis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. zurab wereTeli rusebisagan iTxovda osma-
rikhofis moxsenebidan Cans, rom solomon II leTis sazRvarTan arsebuli Tavisi samflo-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalTan oTxi Tava- belos dacvas rusebis jarebiT.
dis gagzavnas apirebda, romlebic gudoviCs solomon II-m quTaisi datova da imereTis
mefis moTxovnebs gadascemdnen. gudoviCma samefosa da axalcixis safaSos sazRvarTan
solomon II-is moTxovnebi ar miiRo da mefes erT-erT sofelSi cxovrobda. mefem ivan gu-
acnoba, rom misi gancxadebebi, pretenziebi doviCs werili gaugzavna da quTaisidan ru-
da moqmedeba laxavda ruseTis xelisuflebis seTis jaris gayvana kidev erTxel moiTxova.
Rirsebas. solomon II aRSfoTebuli iyo imis gamo, rom
ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandr I-ma, quTaisidan misi wasvlis Semdeg mefis sasaxle
miuxedavad imisa, rom kargad icnobda iran- rusma jariskacebma daikaves. 1808 wlis 11
Tan da osmaleTTan omebis gamo samxreT ka- ivniss gudoviCma solomon II-s acnoba, rom
vkasiaSi Seqmnil umZimes viTarebas, 1808 wlis quTaisidan jars ver gaiyvanda, radgan axal-
10 Tebervals ivan gudoviCs solomon II-is cixidan osmalTa SemoWra iyo mosalodneli.
taxtidan gadayeneba ubrZana. imereTis same- saqarTvelos mTavarsardali mefes amSvideb-
fos marTva-gamgeoba unda gadasuliyo droe- da: sasaxle rusma jariskacebma ukve didi
biTi mmarTvelobis xelSi, romlis wevrebi xania datoveso. imereTis samefosa da axal-
iqnebodnen imereTis Tavadebi da rusi samo- cixis safaSos sazRvarze solomon II didx-
qalaqo moxele an rusi oficeri. imereTis ans ar darCenila da male quTaisis axlos
212
vaxtang guruli
varcixis sazafxulo rezidenciaSi gadavida. gram am ukanasknelma 1808 wlis 8 dekembers

1808 wlis 26 agvistos rikhofi gudoviCs yarabaRis saxanos Seafara Tavi. am warumate-
moaxsenebda: varcixeSi mefem axalcixis faSas blobebis Semdeg ukve seriozulad avadmyof-
elCi miiRoo. am Sexvedris Sesaxeb sxvadasx- ma general-feldmarSalma ivan gudoviCma
va xma vrceldeboda: erTi wyaros mixedviT, kidev erTxel iTxova gadadgoma. 1809 wlis 9
imereTis mefem osmaleTis qveSevrdomoba marts kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardlad da saqa-
TviTon iTxova; meore wyaro iuwyeboda, rom rTvelos mTavarsardlad kavaleriis genera-
osmaleTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla da imer- li aleqsandr tormasovi (1809-1811) dainiSna.
eTSi osmaleTis jaris ganlageba axalcixis aleqsandr tormasovi movaleobis Ses-
faSas SemoTavazeba iyo. 1808 wlis 30 agvis- rulebas 1809 wlis 12 aprils Seudga. axali
tos rikhofi gudoviCs moaxsenebda, rom man mTavarsardlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo me-19
solomon II-s axalcixis faSas elCTan Sexve- da me-20 qveiTi diviziebi, 5 sagarnizono
dris Sesaxeb ganmarteba mosTxova. mefes ase- batalioni, 5 sakavalerio polki, donis kaza-
Ti pasuxi gaucia: axalcixis faSa osmaleTis kTa 19 polki da Crdilo kavkasiel razmebi.
qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas mTavazobda, magram am jarebidan umetesoba kavkasiis xazze iyo
me ruseTis imperatorisadmi micemuli ficis ganlagebuli, mcire nawili ki _samxreT ka-
erTguli davrCio. solomon II rusebs ayve- vkasiaSi. kavkasiis xazze ganlagebuli iyo: 4
drida: me Tqveni erTguli var, magram Tqven qveiTTa da 4 dragunTa polki,
polki, 4 sagarnizono
amas saTanadod ver afasebTo. batalioni,, donis kazakTa 11 polki,
batalioni polki, CrdiloeT
varcixis sasaxleSi myof solomon II-s kavkasiel kazakTa razmebi
razmebi.. mTlianad kavkasi-
generalma rikhofma acnoba, rom rusma ja- is xazze da samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli
riskacebma quTaisis sasaxle ki datoves, ma- jarebis raodenoba 27.648 qveiTiTa da 15.886
gram Semdeg sasaxle qarTvelebma gaZarcveso. kavaleristiT ganisazRvreboda. jarebs Sei-
generali mefes quTaisSi dabrunebas urCevda. araRebaze hqondaT 36 mZime da 64 msubuqi
mefe quTaisSi ar dabrunda da varcixidan ja- zarbazani.
ris Sekrebis brZaneba gasca. male solomon aleqsandr I-ma saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
II-m varcixis sasaxle datova da mTebSi, mi- dal aleqsandr tormasovs iranTan mdinare
uval adgilebSi afarebda Tavs. mefis varcix- mtkvarsa da mdinare araqsze gamavali saz-
idan wasvlis Semdeg imereTis samefoSi pro- Rvris SenarCuneba dausaxa miznad. saqarT-
rusuli da antirusuli orientaciis Zalebis veloSi Camosvlis Semdeg generalma tor-
dapirispireba gaZlierda. masovma aseTi strategia airCia
airCia:: iranTan da
3. aleqsandr tormasovis daniSvna saqa- osmaleTTan zavze molaparakeba ar unda See-
rTvelos mTavarsardlad. ruseT-iranis 1804- wyvita da, amave dros, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
1813 wlebis omis ganaxleba. yarsidan, axalqa- gadamwyveti SetevisaTvis jarebi mzad unda hy-
laqidan da foTidan ukan daxevam, iranTan oloda. am droisaTvis ruseT-osmaleTis 1807
da osmaleTTan omSi warumateblobam mZime wlis 2 seqtembris droebiTi zavis moqmedebis
fsiqologiur mdgomareobaSi Caagdo saqa- vada amowuruli iyo. aleqsandr tormasovma
rTvelos mTavarsardali ivan gudoviCi. md- kargad icoda, osmaleTi oms ganaaxlebda da
gomareobis gamosworeba man erevnis aRebiT upiratesobis swrafad mopovebas Seecdeboda.
scada. 1808 wlis 17 noembers ruseTis jarma saqarTvelos mTavarsardals cnobebi hqonda
erevnis Sturmi daiwyo. miuxedavad didi msx- Crdilo kavkasiis muslim mosaxleobaSi os-
verplisa (daiRupa 279 oficeri da jariskaci, maleTis agenturis moqmedebis Sesaxeb. tor-
daiWra 464), rusebma erevani ver aiRes da 1808 masovs afiqrebda is, rom Crdilo kavkasiis
wlis 30 noembers ukan daixies. ruseTis jar- sxvadasxva raionSi moaruli senis (Savi Wiris)
ma, marTalia, naxWevanis dakaveba SeZlo, ma- gavrcelebis gamo rusebma regionze kontro-
gram erevnidan ukan daxevis Semdeg gudoviCis li Seasustes, ris gamoc osmaleTis agentura
brZanebis Tanaxmad naxiWevnis cixe datoves Tavisuflad moqmedebda. moaruli seni Ter-
da elizavetopolisaken daixies. 1808 wlis gis xeobaSic gavrcelda da samxreT kavkasii-
1 dekembers rusebma naxWevani datoves, imave saken moiwevda.
dRes cixe iranis jarma daikava. abas mirza safrangeTi irans ruseTis winaaRmdeg
mravalricxovani laSqriT (30.000 mebrZoli) omis ganaxlebisaken mouwodebda. aleqsandr
general-maior piotr nebolsins daedevna, ma- tormasovi iranis taxtis memkvidre abas mir-
213
zas zavis dadebas urCevda da umtkicebda, provinciebSi, aseve dmanisSi ganlagebuli ja-
rom es misTvis Seqmnil viTarebaSi xelsayre- riT iranelebs erevanTan kavSiris saSualebas
li iyo. cxadia, abas mirzam icoda, rom irans mouspobda. bambakidan ukandaxeuli mehmed
omis gagrZeleba aRar SeeZlo, magram omSi ali xani erevanTan idga da eloda yarabaRis
dakarguli teritoriebis dabrunebac surda. saxanoSi abas mirzas SeWras, sadac ruseTis
marTalia, iranTan da osmaleTTan aqtiuri jarebi idga. iranis laSqarma yarabaRis sax-
sabrZolo moqmedebebi Sewyvetili iyo, magram anoSi SeWris mizniT mdinare araqsis marcx-
mosazRvre saxanoebidan (erevnis, Sirvanis da ena napirze gadasvla daiwyo. male iranelebma
sxv.) da safaSoebidan (axalcixis, yarsis da Seityves, rom yarabaRis saxanos teritoriaze
general-maior piotr nebolsinis meTauro-
biT ruseTis jaris damatebiTi Zalebi Sevida
da SuSisaken gaemarTa. abas mirzam samoqmedo
gegma Secvala: yarabaRis saxanoSi SeWra ve-
Rar gabeda da elizavetopolisaken daiZra.
abas mirzam swrafi marSiT gaiara naxWevani da
Samqori daikava. moulodnelad abas mirzam
Seityo, rom tormasovi Samqors uaxlovde-
boda. abas mirzam brZolaSi Cabma ver gabeda
da mTebs Seafara Tavi. 1809 wlis agvistos
Sua ricxvebSi iranis laSqari gogCis tbis
midamoebidan elizavetopolisaken daiZra da
qalaqidan 30 versis moSorebiT dabanakda.
elizavetopolSi triockis muSketerTa pol-
kis 1 aseuli idga. tormasovi saswrafod gae-
marTa mis dasaxmareblad. iranelebis mowinave
laSqari (5.000 mebrZoli) qalaqidan isev 30
versis moSorebiT iyo dabanakebuli. mowinave
laSqris banakidan 35 versis moSorebiT idga
abas mirza 20.000 mebrZoliT. Seityo Tu ara
tormasovis sardlobiT ruseTis jaris moax-
loeba, abas mirzam Samqorisaken daixia, raTa
rusebisaTvis elizavetopolSi Sesvlis saSu-
aleqsandr tormasovi aleba ar mieca. tormasovma general-maior
dimitri lisaneviCs ubrZana, egerTa me-9 pol-
sxv.) moTareSe razmebi mudmivad arbevdnen kis 2 batalioniT Samqorisaken daZruliyo da
saqarTvelos soflebs, itacebdnen adamian- iq dalodeboda mTavar Zalebs. imavdrou-
ebs. male farTomasStabiani sabrZolo opera- lad general-maiorma filip pauluCim miiRo
ciebic daiwyo. brZaneba, egerTa me-9 polkis 2 batalioniT
1809 wlis 23 ivliss iranis laSqari Samqorisaken daZruliyo. filip pauluCi sas-
(10.000 mebrZoli) mehmed ali xanis meTauro- wrafod gaemarTa Samqorisaken. gzad rusebi
biT moulodnelad SemoiWra bambakis provin- iranelTa jars ( 4.000 mebrZoli) gadaeyarnen,
ciaSi, sadac saratovis muSketerTa polkis romelic male gafantes. abas mirza ruseTis
2 batalioni iyo ganlagebuli. brZola eqvsi jarebis ZiriTadi nawilis mosvlas aRar dae-
saaTi gagrZelda. iranelebi damarcxdnen da loda da erevans Seafara Tavi. bambakis pro-
erevnisaken daixies. Seityo Tu ara iranelTa vinciaSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris meTau-
bambakSi SemoWris ambavi, tormasovi qveiTTa rma general-maiorma semion portniaginma
7 batalioniT, kavaleristTa 8 eskadroniT da aleqsandr tormasovs moaxsena: 1809 wlis 17
donis kazakTa 2 polkiT Tbilisidan sofel agvistos bambakSi iranelTa laSqari (12.000
dmanisSi gadavida. dmanisis dakavebam iranele- mebrZoli) SemoiWra, magram ise, rom brZola-
bi daafrTxo, aqedan xom gza erevnisaken mid- Si ar Cabmula, yarsis safaSos sazRvrisaken
ioda. iraneli sardlebi varaudobdnen, rom daixiao. 18 agvistos iranelTa laSqarma bor-
generali tormasovi Suragelisa da bambakis CaloSi scada SeWra. iranelebs egerTa me-15
214
vaxtang guruli
polkis batalioniT polkovniki peCerski dae- da imereTidan ruseTis jaris gayvanas. male
devna. 22 agvistos peCerskim lores miaRwia, mefem aleqsandr tormasovTan Tavadi zurab
magram iranelebi versad ipova. 23 agvistos wereTeli gagzavna da quTaisSi dabrunebis
RamiT iranelebi borCaloSi dabrundnen da 8 pirobad leCxumis gadacema da imereTidan
sofeli gaZarcves. ruseTis jarebis gayvana wamoayena. 1809 wlis
1809 wlis 22 agvistos aleqsandr tor- 12 ivniss dimitri orbelianma tormasovs mox-
masovTan iranis elCoba gamocxadda da zavis seneba gaugzavna da zurab wereTlis gegma
dadeba iTxova. iranis Sah feThi alis da ira- gaacno. zurab wereTeli aucileblad miiC-
nis jarebis mTavarsardal abas mirzas zavis nevda, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardals imere-
dadeba tormasovTan ar undodaT da sazavo Tis samRvdeloebis, Tavadebis, aznaurebisa da
molaparakebisaTvis peterburgSi elCobis mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis miemarTa da ruseTis
gagzavnis nebarTvas iTxovdnen. tormasovma imperatorisaTvis micemuli ficis upirobo
icoda, rom iranelebi sazRvrebTan dakavSire- Sesrulebisaken moewodebina. tormasovma ase-
biT garkveul pretenzias wamoayenebdnen, ami- Ti radikaluri RonisZiebis gatareba naad-
tom iyo, rom elCebs ganucxada: ruseTi zavis revad CaTvala, Tumca orbelians mowodebis
dadebas dasTanxmdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, teqsti mainc gaugzavna. mowodeba generals im
Tu ruseT-iranis sazRvari mdinareebze: mt- SemTxvevaSi unda gamoeqveynebina, Tu solo-
kvarze, araqssa da arpaCaize gaivliso. 25 oq- mon II Tavis moTxovnebs kvlav wamoayenebda.
tombers tormasovma elCebi ukanve gaabruna. imavdroulad tormasovma werili gaugzavna
iranis Sahma tormasovis moTxovna miuReblad zurab wereTels. am ukanasknels mefisaTvis
miiCnia da omic gagrZelda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis saxeliT Semde-
4.. solomon II-is brZola samefos gadasar- gi moTxovnebi unda waeyenebina: 1. mefe dauy-
Cenad ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omis ovnebliv unda dabrunebuliyo quTaisSi; 2.
pirobebSi. quTaisidan varcixis sasaxleSi solomon II-s mZevlebi unda gaegzavna Tbilis-
gadasuli, xolo Semdeg miuval mTebSi gax- Si; 3. mefes dauyovnebliv unda gaegzavna
iznuli solomon II kvlav osmaleTis daxmare- deputacia peterburgSi, romlis Semadgen-
biT cdilobda ruseTis jarebis gandevnas lobaSi aucileblad unda yofiliyo zurab
imereTidan. wereTeli. solomon II werilis miRebisTanave
solomon II-s urTierToba aleqsandr kidev ufro miuval adgilebs Seafara Tavi
tormasovTan.. jer kidev aleqsandr tor-
tormasovTan da zurab wereTels acnoba, rom pasuxs aTi
masovis saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad daniS- dRis Semdeg Seatyobinebda. Suamavalma me-
vnamde ivan gudoviCma imereTsa da samegre- fisagan pasuxi aTi dRis Semdegac ver miiRo.
loSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebis sard- maSin dimitri orbelianma imereTis mosaxle-
lad, nacvlad gardacvlili general-maior obisadmi aleqsandr tormasovis mimarTva ga-
ion rikhofisa, qarTveli Tavadi general- moaqveyna. mimarTvas sasurveli Sedegi ar mo-
maiori dimitri orbeliani daniSna. 1809 wlis hyolia, piriqiT, mefe misma momxre Tavadebma
10 Tbervals gudoviCma generals saidumlo daarwmunes, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
miweriloba gaugzavna. dimitri orbelians mas imereTis mefed aRar cnobda da amitom
ufleba hqonda, solomon II-is yvela moTxovna mimarTavda samRvdeloebas, Tavadebsa da azn-
daekmayofilebina, garda imereTidan ruse- aurebs. solomon II-m tyiT dafarul mTis
Tis jarebis gayvanisa. orbelians solomon II miuval xeobebSi TiTqmis ori weli gaatara.
quTaisSi dabrunebaze unda daeTanxmebina. Tu tormasovis mowodebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg
es ar moxerxdeboda, zurab wereTlisa da sxva man erT-erT xeobaSi Tavadebis sabWo moiwvia
Tavadebis daxmarebiT mefe unda SeepyroT da da jaric Sekriba. qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli
TbilisSi CamoeyvanaT. quTaisSi Casulma dimi- mmarTvelobis pirobebSi Seqmnilma umZimesma
tri orbelianma Seityo, rom mefe 1.000 kacis viTarebam imereTis samRvdeloeba da Tavadebi
TanxlebiT mTebSi iyo gaxiznuli. solomon II mefis garSemo gaaerTiana.
gaaerTiana. yvela seriozulad
generalTan Sexvedras ar Tanxmdeboda da maT iyo SeSfoTebuli imiT, rom mefobis gau-
Soris molaparakeba Suamavlis meSveobiT mim- qmebis Semdeg imereTSic iseTive mmarTveloba
dinareobda. molaparakebis procesSi gairk- damyardeboda, rogoric damyarda qarTl-kax-
va, rom solomon II quTaisSi dabrunebas ar eTSi. viTarebis amgvarad Secvlas tormasovi
apirebda, kvlav iTxovda leCxumis gadacemas ar eloda. amas emateboda is, rom ruseTi-
215
sadmi keTilad ganwyobili zurab wereTeli ruseTi axalcixis safaSos daipyrobda, maSin
saerTod ganze gadga, xolo general-maiorma zurab wereTeli rusebs imereTis mefis winaaR-
dimitri orbelianma imereTSi prorusuli mdeg omSi Semweobas pirdeboda. amasTan er-
orientaciis Tavadebisa da samRvdeloebis Tad, zurab wereTelma pirdapir ar upasuxa
organizeba ver SeZlo. tormasovis mier dasmul kiTxvas: imereTis
solomon II-s taxtidan gadayenebis zurab mefis winaaRmdeg brZolis dawyebamde, xom ar
wereTliseuli gegmebi. solomon II peter- ajobebda misTvis erTguli Tavadebi Camogve-
burgSi deputaciis gagzavnas ar apirebda. cilebinao? saqarTvelos mTavarsardali am
aleqsandr tormasovi mixvda, rom imereTis sakiTxs did mniSvnelobas aniWebda. igi mi-
mefe erTxel da samudamod ruseTis mtrad iCnevda, rom erTguli Tavadebis Camocile-
iqca. mefeze gavlenas ukve quTaTeli mit- bamde solomon mefis winaaRmdeg brZolis
ropoliti dosiTeozi da gaenaTeli mit- dawyeba naadrevi iyo. aleqsandr tormasovi
ropoliti efTvimic ki veRar axdendnen. sul aseve miiCnevda, rom vidre foTis cixeSi os-
ufro da ufro cxadi xdeboda, rom solo- malTa garnizoni idga, imereTis mefis winaaR-
mon II-s taxtidan gadayenebas da imereTidan mdeg brZolis dawyeba saSiSi iyo. saqarTvelos
gaZevebas rusebi samxedro Zalis gamoyenebis mTavarsardali Tvlida, rom redut-kales se-
gareSe ver SeZlebdnen. osmaleTTan mimdin- riozulad gamagreba da foTis cixis dakaveba
are omis pirobebSi aleqsandr tormasovi samx- samegrelosa da imereTSi ruseTis batonobis
edro Zalis gamoyenebisagan jer Tavs ikavebda. ganmtkicebisaTvis aucilebeli iyo. Tu ruse-
1809 wlis 10 ivliss tormasovi ruseTis im- bi foTs daeuflebodnen, rionis sanaosno
periis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs moaxsenebda, gziT samegrelosa da imereTSi proviantsa
rom daZabul viTarebaSi zurab wereTelma mas da sxva tvirTs Seuferxeblad Semoitandnen.
aseTi gegma SesTavaza: 1. ruseTis jars zurab redut-kalesa da foTis cixesimagreebSi gar-
wereTlis samflobelo unda daekavebina; 2. nizonebis Cayenebis Semdeg osmalebs zRvidan
guriis samTavros faqtobrivi gamgebeli qa- desantis gadmosxma gauWirdebodaT. Tu ruse-
ixosro gurieli da guriis axalgazrda mTa- bi soxumis simagresac daeuflebodnen, maSin
vari mamia V gurieli, solomon II-s winaaRmdeg osmaleTis floti Savi zRvis aRmosavleT
unda aejanyebinaT; 3. imereTis mefis winaaR- sanapirosTan Tavisuflad veRar imoqmedeb-
mdeg unda aejanyebinaT raWisa da leCxumis da. foTis, redut-kalesa da soxumis cixee-
Tavadebi. zurab wereTlis azriT, raWidan, bSi rusuli garnizonebis Cayenebis Semdeg
leCxumidan da guriidan izolirebul sol- osmalebi imereTis mefes samxedro flotiT
omon II-s ufro advilad Caigdebdnen xelSi. veRar daexmarebodnen. rCeboda axalcixe,
tormasovs zurab wereTlis erTgulebaSi saidanac imereTis mefes SeeZlo daxmareba
eWvi epareboda, ris gamoc man Tavads rusebT- mieRo da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi iq Tavic
an TanamSromlobaze Tanxmobis werilobiT Seefarebina.
dadastureba mosTxova. Tavadma werilobiTi foTis ubrZolvelad dakavebis mcdeloba.
dadastureba ar isurva. 1809 wlis 30 ivliss aleqsandr tormasovi yvela Rones xmarobda,
zurab wereTeli tormasovs swerda: me ruse- rom foTi rac SeiZleba naklebi msxverplis
Tis imperatorisadmi micemuli ficis erT- fasad daekavebina. gegma aseTi iyo: foTis
guli vrCebi, me da Cemi Svilebi mzad varT cixis komendant quCuk beisaTvis ruseTis qve-
sisxli davRvaroT imperatorisTviso. zurab SevrdomobaSi Sesvla unda SeeTavazebinaT.
wereTeli TiTqos sayveduris toniT aRniS- general-maiori dimitri orbeliani 1809 wlis
navda, rom mTavarsardlebi pavel cicianovi 30 maiss tormasovs moaxsenebda, rom quCuk
da ivan gudoviCi, aseve general-maiori ion beisTan molaparakebaSi CarTo yvela misi na-
rikhofi mas pativiscemiT ar epyrobodnen. Tesavi da megobari: podpolkovniki Tavadi
Tavadi saqarTvelos mTavarsardals arw- erisTavi,, quCuk beis biZaSvili vaxtang gu-
erisTavi
munebda, rom ruseTis imperatorisadmi erT- rieli da Tavadi manuCar ServaSiZe
ServaSiZe.. rogorc
gul samsaxurs gaagrZelebda. amjerad zurab zemoT aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
wereTeli tormasovs axal samoqmedo gegmas dali mzad iyo nebismieri Tanxa gaeRo quCuk
Tavazobda, romelic axalcixis safaSos da- beis gadmobirebisaTvis, romelsac gaugzavna
pyrobas da am gziT imereTis mefisaTvis mo- kidec saCuqrebi: Zvirfasi xmali 1.000 maneTis
kavSiris CamoSorebas iTvaliswinebda. Tu Rirebulebis, ori xmali TiToeuli 100 mane-
216
vaxtang guruli
Tis Rirebulebis, patiosani TvlebiT mor- vada suramsa da quTaisSi ganlagebuli ruse-
Tuli xanjali 750 maneTis Rirebulebis, ori Tis jaris winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi monawileo-
xanjali TviTeuli 80 maneTis Rirebulebisa, bas. garda amisa,
amisa, selim faSa ruseTis imperiis
sami oqrosa da ori vercxlis medali. quCuk qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas fiqrobda da amdenad,
beis am droisaTvis jer kidev kargi urTier- solomon II-s ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mx-
Toba hqonda proosmaluri orientaciis ar- ars ver dauWerda
dauWerda.. selim faSa imdenad dain-
slan bei ServaSiZesTan.
ServaSiZesTan. mamis, qeleS mehmed teresebuli iyo ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi
bei ServaSiZis, mkvlelobam arslan beis af- SesvliT, rom tormasovTan mosalaparake-
xazeTSi saxeli gautexa. man dimitri orbeli- blad Tavisi warmomadgeneli mustafa aRa gag-
ans ruseTis qveSevrdomad gaxdomaSi Semweoba zavna. selim faSasa da aleqsandr tormasovs
sTxova da sanacvlod soxumis cixis Cabareba Soris urTierToba jer kidev 1809 wlis mais-
aRuTqva. maSin ruseTis saimperatoro karma Si damyarda. magram maT Soris molaparakeba
mamismkvleli arslan bei qveSevrdomobaSi ar uSedegod dasrulda, Tumca am molaparakebam
miiRo, raTa ruseTisadmi keTilad ganwyo- garkveuli Sedegi mainc gamoiRo: selim faSam
bili afxazebis guliswyroma ar daemsaxure- piroba dado, rom qarTls aRar daarbevda da
bina. garda amisa, qeleS mehmed bei ServaSiZis arc imereTis mefes ar aRmouCenda daxmare-
meore vaJs sefer ali bei ServaSiZes ruseTis bas. amdenad, rusebi selim faSasTan urTier-
qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis saTxovari punqtebi TobiT kmayofili unda yofiliyvnen.
ukve wardgenili hqonda. gabrazebulma ar- brZola foTisTvis. general-maiori dimi-
slan beim rusebis winaaRmdeg mTeli afxaze- tri orbeliani darwmunda, rom saCuqrebis
Tis darazmva ganizraxa. osmalebma, rogorc miRebis miuxedavad, quCuk bei ruseTis qve-
ki arslan beis prorusuli orientaciis Ses- Sevrdomobaze ar dasTanxmdeboda. generalma
axeb Seityves, misi gadabireba ganizraxes. gadawyvita, rom foTi samxedro operaciiT
imavdroulad, foTis bei quCuks osmalebma unda daekavebinaT. general orbelians sabab-
redut-kales simagris dakaveba da samegre- ic mofiqrebuli hqonda: quCuk bei ruseTis
loSi SeWra daavales. osmalebi quCuk beis mterTan, arslan bei ServaSiZesTan, megobrob-
aimedebdnen, rom redut-kaleze Setevis para- da. 1809 wlis agvistosaTvis foTis cixeSi 400
lelurad webeldelebi misgan 18 versis mo- mebrZoli idga. 1809 wlis 12 agvistos dimi-
SorebiT arsebul anakliis cixes Seutevdnen. tri orbeliani redut-kaledan foTisken da-
rudet-kalesa da mis SemogarenSi imJamad mx- iZra. generlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: belevs-
olod belevskis polkis eqvsi aseuli iyo gan- kis polkis 6 aseuli, egerTa me-9 polkis 1
lagebuli. redut-kalesken imereTidan jar- aseuli, 50 kazaki da 5 zarbazani. ruseTis
ebis gadmosrolas solomon II-s antirusuli jarTan erTad foTisaken daiZra samegere-
ganwyobilebis gamo rusebi ver bedavdnen. los, guriisa da afxazeTis mTavrebis cxeno-
solomon II-s urTierToba axalcixis sani jari. 13 agvistos rusTa da qarTvelTa
faSasTan.. redut-kaleSi rusebis mier si-
faSasTan jari SeumCnevlad miuaxlovda foTs. ruseTis
magris mSenebloba da foTis aRebis mcdelo- jaris 3 aseuli, samegrelosa da afxazeTis
ba, cxadia, miuRebeli iyo solomon II-Tvis. mTavris cxenosani jaris nawili rionis mar-
imereTis mefe saswrafod gaemarTa axalcixis cxena napirze gadavida da foTis cixidan sami
safaSos sazRvrisaken da saidumlo molapara- versis moSorebiT daikava poziciebi. Tavad
keba gamarTa aleqsandre batoniSvilTan
batoniSvilTan.. am dimitri orbeliani danarCeni jariT rionis
molaparakebis Semdeg solomon II-m Tavadi marjvena napirs dauyva. baTumis mxridan os-
malxaz andronikaSvili, Tavadi rostom ni- malTa jaris Semotevis mosagerieblad rionis
JaraZe da raWis erisTavi axalcixeSi selim marcxena napirze guriis mTavris cxenosani
faSaTan gagzavna. imereTis mefe axalcix- jari da milicia ganlagda. 13 agvistos RamiT
is faSas sTavazobda gaerTianebuli jariT inJiner-podporuCikma freimanma rionis mar-
Tavs dasxmodnen jer suramSi
suramSi,, xolo Semdeg cxena napirze zarbaznebi ganalaga. mdinaris
quTaisSi ganlagebul ruseTis jars. axalcix- marcxena napirze zarbaznebis ganlagebas xels
is faSam imereTis mefes acnoba, rom qvemo qa- uSlida foTis cixis garnizoni, magram rio-
rTlSi tormasovis sardlobiT ruseTis jari nis marjvena napiridan erTma zarbaznma fo-
idga. faSa SiSobda, rom es jari axalcixeze Tis cixidan gaxsnili cecxli advilad CaaxSo.
salaSqrod emzadeboda da amitom ver beda- 1809 wlis 14 agvistos samegrelos cxenosani
217
jari levan dadianis meTaurobiT da afxazTa samTavros Tavisi miznebisaTvis gamoyenebas

cxenosanTa jari sefer ali bei ServaSiZis cdilobda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardal ivan
meTaurobiT, egerTa me-9 polkis 1 aseulisa gudoviCs (1806-1809) eSinoda solomon II-s
da belevskis polkis 1 aseulis mxardaWeriT guriis mTavari ar gadaebirebina. amitom iyo
Setevaze gadavida da foTis cixis misadgome- rom 1807 wlis 16 ivliss gudoviCma solomon
bi daikava. amis Semdeg ruseTis jari ufro II-s acnoba, rom ruseTi guriis samTavros
axlos mivida cixis kedlebTan da sami mxridan imereTis nawilad Tvlida. cxadia, solomon
alyaSi moaqcia igi. rusebma rionis marjvena II mixvda, Tu saiT umiznebdasaqarTvelos mTa-
napirze, uSualod SesarTavTan zarbazani varsardali. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, guri-
dadges da cixes cecxli gauxsnes. osmalebis mTavris svimon III gurielis gardacvalebis
ma zarbazani maleve gamoiyvanes mwyobridan. droisaTvis (1792 w.) taxtis memkvidre mamia
23 agvistos rusebma cota moSorebiT kvlav gurieli (guriis momavali mTavari mamaia V
ganalages zarbaznebi da cixis kedlebze md- gurieli) mcirewlovani iyo. guriaSi mTavris
gari ramdenime zarbazani mwyobridan gamoi- taxtisaTvis brZola daiwyo. erTmaneTs daup-
yvanes. male ruseTis jars yumbarebis maragi irispirdnen svimon III gurielis Zmebi vaxtangi
gauTavda da cixis dabombvac Sewyda. moalye da qaixosro
qaixosro.. qaixosrom gaimarjva da regentis
jars Zalian gauWirda. dimitri orbelianis uflebiT guriis samTavros marTva-gamgeoba
dasaxmareblad gaigzavna yabardos muSketer- daiwyo. Semdeg xelisuflebisaTvis brZolaSi
Ta polkis 2 aseuli da egerTa me-9 polkis 1 vaxtangisa da qaixosros umcrosi Zma levanic
aseuli maior orbelianis meTaurobiT. mogvi- Caeba. ruseT-osmaleTis omis dawyebis drois-
anebiT foTis cixesTan gadaiyvanes kavkasiis aTvis guriis samTavroSi mtkice xelisufleba
grenaderTa polkis 2 batalioni polkovnik ar arsebobda. es saxifaTo iyo maSin, rodesac
fiodor simonoviCis meTaurobiT. 1809 wlis foTisaTvis brZolis dros guriis samTavro
11 oqtombers tormasovi polkovnik simonov- movlenaTa epicentrSi aRmoCnda. solomon II
iCs swerda, rom foTis aRebis Semdeg zurab yovelnairad cdilobda rusebis winaaRmdeg
wereTlis TanadgomiT solomon II taxtidan brZolaSi marto ar darCeniliyo. rogorc ki
unda gadaeyenebina. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- ruseTis jari foTis cixis asaRebad daiZra,
dali ukve Riad saubrobda ruseTis winaaR- solomon II-m levan guriels acnoba: rusebi
mdeg imereTis mefis brZolis Sesaxeb. solo- samegrelos mTavris daxmarebiT foTis cixis
mon II-m yoveli Rone ixmara, raTa polkovnik asaRebad miemarTebian da garnizoni gaafrTx-
simonoviCis meTaurobiT rusuli batalione- ileo. levan gurielma foTSi saswrafod Ta-
bi foTamde ar misuliyvnen. mefis brZanebiT, visi warmomadgeneli gagzavna da yovelive es
isedac gauval gzaze Txrilebi gaakeTes, an quCuk beis Seatyobina. rusebis mdgomareobas
xergilebiT gadaketes. ase rom, 60-versiani arTulebda is, rom foTis cixisaTvis brZo-
gzis gavla rusul jars Zalian gauWirda. lis dawyebis win guriis mTavari mamia V guri-
viTareba guriis samTavroSi foTisaTvis eli solomon II-s uWerda mxars. 1809 wlis 28
brZolis win da foTis aRebis Semdeg. rusebma ivniss mamia gurielma xeli moawera imereTis
kargad icodnen, rom solomon II foTisaT- Tavadebis mimarTvas saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
vis brZolaSi maT ar daexmareboda, piriqiT, dal aleqsandr tormasovisadmi(1809-1811),
yovelnairad ecdeboda, rom foTi osmalebs romelic quTaisidan ruseTis jarebis gayva-
darCenodaT. dasavleT saqarTveloSi ruseTis nas iTxovda. mimarTvaze xelmomwerTa sur-
jarebis simciris gamo foTis aReba bevrad vili iyo, rom solomon II-s ufleba hqonoda
iyo damokidebuli samegrelos
samegrelos,, afxazeTisa da elaznauris SeTanxmeba ganeaxlebina, xolo
guriis mTavrebis samxedro Zalis gamoyene- leCxumi imereTis mefes unda dabruneboda.
baze. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi imereTis mefe da
guriis mTavris pozicias, romelsac SeeZlo guriis mTavari rusebs osmaleTTan omSi ar
samxreTidan (baTumidan, qobuleTidan) fo- daexmarebodnen. am mimarTvam tormasovi Za-
Tis cixis dasaxmareblad daZruli osmalTa lze SeaSfoTa. man zurab wereTels sTxova,
laSqari ubrZolvelad gaetarebina. am drois- rom rogorme imereTis mefe da guriis mTa-
aTvis guriaSi kvlav grZeldeboda prorusul vari erTmaneTTan daepirispirebina. am dros
da antirusul Zalebs Soris dapirispireba. dasavleT saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli ruse-
osmaleTi, ruseTi da imereTis samefo guriis Tis jarebis sardlad general-maiori dimi-
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vaxtang guruli
tri orbeliani dainiSna. dimitri orbelianis tri orbelianma mamia gurielTan molapara-
siZe iyo vaxtang gurieli, romelmac simamris keba biZamiss (dedis Zmas) zurab wereTelsac
meSveobiT saqarTvelos mTavarsardals acno- daavala. zurab wereTelma guriis ramdenime
ba, rom guriis mTvari mamia gurieli rusebTan Tavadi gadaibira. rusebis davalebiT niko
Serigebas ar apirebda. mamia gurieli general dadiani daukavSirda Tavis colisZmas gu-
orbelians arwmunebda, rom foTis cixe kar- rul Tavad vaxtang erisTavs da igi ruseTis
gad aris gamagrebuli da misi aReba SeuZlebe- mxareze gadaibira. gadabirebuli Tavadebis
liao. solomon II-is moTxovniT mamia gurieli daxmarebiT guriis mosaxleobaSi antiosmal-
mzad iyo samxreTidan foTis cixis dasaxmare- uri ganwyobileba gaZlierda. mamia gurieli
blad momavali osmaleTis jarebisaTvis gza iZulebuli gaxda angariSi gaewia Seqmnili vi-
mieca. TarebisaTvis. amas daerTo tormasovis mier
ruseTis sardloba kargad xedavda, rom gadadgmuli swori diplomatiuri nabiji.
foTis cixis aRebas xels solomon II uSlida. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma guriis mTavars
polkovniki fiodor simonoviCi aleqsandr elaznauris SeTanxmebis im muxlis gauqmeba
tormasovs sTavazobda, viTomda baTumze aRuTqva, romelic gurias imereTis samefos
salaSqrod Tavi moeyraT ruseTis, samegre- nawilad acxadebda.
losa da guriis samTavros jarebisaTvis da malTayvis brZola da foTis aReba. Serif
moulodnelad baTumis nacvlad quTaisisaT- faSas jari (9.000 mebrZoli) nawili zRviT,
vis SeetiaT, solomon II taxtidan gadaeyene- xolo nawili xmeleTiT guriis sanapiros gav-
binaT da imereTSi solomon I-is SviliSvili, liT foTisaken daiZra da 1809 wlis 30 oq-
aleqsandre giorgis Ze gaemefebinaT. aleqsan- tombers alyaSemortymuli foTidan 20 versis
dre batoniSvili im dros dedasa da ZmasTan daSorebiT SeCerda. Serif faSam banaki gaa-
erTad guriaSi cxovrobda. osmaleTSi zusti magra da Savi zRvis sanapiros gaswvriv ram-
cnobebi hqondaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra xdebo- denime reduti aago. osmalTa banaks marjvena
da imereTis samefosa da guriis samTavroSi, mxridan mdinare malTayva Caudioda, xolo
rogor emzadebodnen rusebi foTis asaRebad. marcxena mxridan sofeli grigoleTi esaz-
1809 wlis oqtombris meore naxevarSi rusebma Rvreboda. banakis zurgi daculi iyo gauva-
Seityves, rom solomon II-m da mamia gurielma li tyeebiTa da WaobebiT. general-maiorma
trapizonis seraskiri Serif faSa foTis gar- dimitri orbelianma solomon II-Tan da mamia
nizonisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenaze daiTanx- gurielTan molaparakeba uazrod CaTvala da
mes. imereTis mefe da guriis mTavari Serif jumaTel mitropolit iosebs daukavSirda.
faSas mZevlebis micemas da osmaleTis jari- generals mitropoliti dahpirda, rom guriis
saTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenas Sehpirdnen. mamia mosaxleobas osmalTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolve-
gurieli, marTalia, Serif faSas ar eaxla, lad darazmavda. 1809 wlis 2 noembers dimi-
magram osmalTa jari foTisaken gaatara. tri orbelianTan arqimandriti ioseb don-
amis gamo mTavris vaJi daviT gurieli rusTa dolaZe gamocxadda da acnoba, rom guriis mi-
jaris banakSi gaiqca. 1809 wlis 31 agvistos licia mamia gurielis winamZRolobiT guriis
dimitri orbeliani aleqsandr tormasovs laSqars foTisaken mouZRoda. mamia gurielma
atyobinebda, rom guriis mTavarma foTis general orbelians acnoba, rom igi Serif fa-
dasaxmareblad mimaval osmalebis jars guri- Sas banaks grigoleTidan maSin daesxmeboda
is sanapiroze navmisadgomi dauTmo, damxmare Tavs, roca rusebi malTayvis mxridan Seute-
razmi misca da gamcilebelic gaayolao. gen- vdnen. generals eWvi epareboda mamia guri-
erali orbeliani kargad xedavda, rom Tu elis rusebisadmi erTgulebaSi, amitom iyo,
guriis mTavari osmaleTis mxareze iqneboda, rom foTis cixes alya ar moxsna da mxolod
foTis alyaze mdgari ruseTis jari SeiZle- jaris nawili (samegrelosa da afxazeTis cx-
boda umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCeniliyo. enosnebi) gadaisrola malTayvis mimarTule-
generalma daxmarebisaTvis Tavis siZes, vax- biT. mdinaris marjvena napiridan ori versis
tang guriels, mimarTa. am ukanasknelma ar- moSorebiT ukve idga yabardos muSketerTa
qimandrit ioseb dondolaZis meSveobiT dimi- polkis 2 aseuli maior orbelianis meTauro-
tri orbeliani jumaTel mitropolit iosebs biT. guriis laSqarma moulodnelad Seutia
daakavSira da guriis mTavris ruseTis mx- osmalTa banaks, maiorma orbelianma malTay-
areze gadabireba sTxova. imavdroulad dimi- vis meore napiridan Zlieri cecxli gaxsna,
219
xolo samegrelosa da afxazeTis cxenosanma saken gaemgzavra. ruseTis jari foTis cixe-
jarma mdinareze gadasvla daiwyo. dimitri Si Sevida, sadac 35 zarbazani da yumbarebis
orbelianma qveiTi jari zarbaznebTan erTad didi maragi daxvda.
navebiT gadaiyvana malTayvis marjvena napirze saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma aleqsan-
da maSinve brZolaSi Caaba. qarTvelTa da rus- dr tormasovma general-maior dimitri or-
Ta jari osmalTa banakSi SeiWra, rasac Serif belians ubrZana foTSi belevskis polkis 1
faSas uwesrigod ukan daxeva mohyva. osmale- batalioni, redut-kaleSi belevskis polkis
bi Zalian swrafad ixevdnen ukan. afxazeTis, 1 aseuli, xobSi belevskis polkis 2 aseuli
samegrelosa da guriis cxenosanma jarebma 9 daetovebina, xolo danarCeni jari imereTSi,
versis manZilze sdies osmalebs da gemsa da qarTlis sazRvarTan axlos, ganelagebina.
navebSi Casxdomis saSualeba ar misces. trans- zurab wereTeli rusebs arwmunebda, rom
portSi Casxdomisas amtydari Wyletis gamo Tu imereTis samefoSi ruseTis jarebis ra-
osmalTa jaris nawili zRvaSi CaixrCo. ukan- odenoba gaizrdeboda, SesaZlebeli gaxde-
daxeuli jaris gadarCenilma nawilma tyesa boda solomon II-is taxtidan gadayeneba da
da Waobebs Seafara Tavi. brZola Sebindebi- Sepyroba. zurab wereTeli pirobas ayenebda:
sas dasrulda. osmalebma moklulTa saxiT Tu rusebi jarebis raodenobas ar gazr-
1.500 kaci dakarges, 283 mebrZoli ki tyved didnen, maSin igi mefis mxareze gadavidoda,
danebda. qarTvelTa da rusTa mxridan dan- radgan aRar SeeZlo yoveldRe mefis mxridan
aklisi gacilebiT naklebi iyo: 70 mokluli SurisZiebis molodinSi yofiliyo. marTa-
da 237 daWrili. moklulTa da daWrilTagan lia, tormasovi kargad xedavda, rom zurab
umravlesoba samegrelosa da guriis laSqris wereTeli sando ar iyo, magram imaSic darw-
mebrZolebi iyvnen. munda, rom imereTSi jarebis gazrdis gareSe
Serif faSas jaris ganadgurebisTanave solomon II-s taxtidan ver gadaayenebda.
general-maiorma dimitri orbelianma quCuk imereTis samefos deputaciis Camosvla
bei ServaSiZes foTis Cabareba mosTxova. TbilisSi. elaznauris SeTanxmebis gadasin-
quCuk beim jer kidev danamdvilebiT ar ico- jvis pirobebi. 1810 wlis ianvarSi TbilisSi
da Serif faSas jaris ganadgurebis ambavi, gaenaTel mitropolit efTivimis Camosvlas
ris gamoc cixis Cabarebisagan Tavi Seikava. elodnen. meufe efTvimi imereTis mefis kar-
male rusebma zarbaznebi SemaRlebul adg- ze da saerTod mosaxleobaSi didi gavleniT
ilze ganalages da foTis cixis dabombvisaT- sargeblobda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals
vis moemzadnen. qveiTma jarma cixis kedlis gaenaTeli mitropolitisagan solomon II-
gadasalaxad kibeebi moamzada da win waiwia. is saqcielis Sesaxeb axsna-ganmarteba unda
quCuk bei SeSinda. male man danamdvilebiT moesmina. bolos imereTis mefem gadaifiqra
Seityo Serif faSas jaris ganadgurebis am- da efTvimi gaenaTelis nacvlad TbilisSi
bavi da 1809 wlis 12 noembers general or- nikorwmindeli mTavarepiskoposi sofroni
sofroni,,
belians Tavisi warmomadgeneli gamougzavna. Tavadi rostom abaSiZe da dekanozi nikoloz
quCuk bei generals sTxovda masTan mosala- gabaSvili gamogzavna. imereTis mefis warmo-
parakeblad afxazeTis mTavari seref ali bei madgenlebma aleqsandr tormasovs gadasces
ServaSiZe gaegzavna. SeTanxmeba miRweul iqna: werili, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom saqa-
osmalebi foTis cixes SeiaraRebulebi dato- rTvelos mTavarsardlebi pavel cicianovi da
vebdnen, cixeSi darCeboda mTeli qoneba, maT ivan gudoviCi sistematurad arRvednen qve-
Soris sursaTi da zarbaznebi. ruseTis jari Sevrdomobis pirobebs (elaznauris SeTanxme-
foTis cixes daikavebda mas Semdeg, rac iqedan bas). mefis azriT, pirobebis darRveva gamoix-
osmalTa garnizoni mTlianad gavidoda. os- ateboda imaSi, rom leCxumi imereTis mefes
malTa garnizons gemebi da navebi ar gaaCnda. unda gadascemoda da imereTSi ruseTis jaris
dimitri orbelianma osmalebs gadasca same- mcire raodenoba (120 mebrZoli) unda ganla-
grelos mTavris kuTvnili navebi, romlebic gebuliyo. mefe imasac aRniSnavda, rom ruse-
Semdeg ukan unda daebrunebinaT. Tis jari unda mdgariyo iq, sadac is Tavad
1809 wlis 15 noembers, dilis 9 saaTze, moisurvebda. solomon II werda, rom rusebma
foTis beim quCukma dimitri orbelians cixis mefis survilis winaaRmdeg quTaisSi didi
gasaRebi gadasca. osmalTa garnizonma (272 raodenobiT jari ganalages da igi aiZules
mebrZoli) foTis cixe datova da trapizoni- qalaqidan wasuliyo. solomon II saqarTvelos
220
vaxtang guruli
mTavarsardals sayvedurobda, rom ruseTis Rudavda, piriqiT, yovelmxriv daexmareboda;

jari TviTnebobda: jariskacebi Zarcvavdnen 12. sadResaswaulo RvTismsaxurebis
mosaxleobas, scemdnen Tavadebs, arTmevdnen dros eklesiebSi moixseniebdnen ruseTis
maT Sinamosamsaxureebs. imereTis mefe tor- monarq aleqsandr I-sa da samefo ojaxs.
masovs TiTqmis ultimatumis formiT auwyeb- zemoT CamoTvlili Tormeti punqtis
da, rom igi ruseTis imperatoris `qveSevrdo-
`qveSevrdo- Sesrulebis sanacvlod imereTis mefe solo-
mobiT mfarvelobaSi~
mfarvelobaSi~ mxolod im SemTxvevaSi mon II ruseTis imperatorisagan iTxovda:
darCeboda, Tu elaznauris SeTanxmeba ganax- 1. samefos marTva-gamgeobaSi srul Tavi-
ldeboda da masSi axali muxlebi Sevidoda. suflebas, maT Soris qveSevrdomebis daqveiT-
axali SeTanxmeba, solomon II-is azriT, aseTi ebisa da dawinaurebis SeuzRudvelobas;
Sinaarsisa unda yofiliyo: 2. ruseTis imperators unda daemtkice-
1. imereTis mefe solomon II cnobda ru- bina imereTis monarqis mefobis ufleba, in-
seTis imperator aleqsandr I-is uzenaes xe- vestitura da regaliebi;
lisuflebas imereTis samefoze; 3. Tu romelime qveSevrdomi gamovido-
2. imereTis mefe xelaxla debda fics da imereTis mefis winaaRmdeg (uRalatebda
ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze; mefes), ruseTis saimperatoro kari imere-
3. xelSekrulebis xelmoweris da ficis Tis mefes mis dasjaSi unda daxmareboda da
dadebis dRidan imereTis mefe da misi mem- ar mieRo moRalateebi ruseTis samsaxurSi
kvidreebi gadadiodnen ruseTis imperato- (jarSi);
risa da misi memkvidreebis qveSevrdomobiTs 4. Tu imereTis mefes mterTan sabr-
mfarvelobaSi; Zolvelad ruseTis jaris daxmareba dasWird-
4. imereTis samefo rCeboda solomon II- eboda, saqarTvelos mTavarsardals qarTl-
isa da misi memkvidreebis mflobelobaSi. ru- kaxeTidan imereTSi dauyonebliv unda gaeg-
seTis imperatoris mier gacemul am uflebis zavna jari. es jari omis damTavrebis Semdeg
damadasturebel sigelSi aRniSnuli unda yo- unda dabrunebuliyo qarTl-kaxeTSi;
filiyo, rom guria imereTis samefos ganuy- 5. aravis unda hqonoda imis ufleba, rom
ofeli nawilia; imereTis mefis mier ruseTis imperatorTan
5. imereTis samefos teritoriaze moma- weriliT gagzavnili kurieri gzaSi daekave-
valSi mopovebuli oqros, vercxlisa da sxva bina, an Seeferxebina;
liTonebidan miRebuli Semosavlis nawili 6. unda aRdgeniliyo imereTis mefis
unda gadascemoda imereTis samefo kars; ufleba leCxumze, romelic mas daaTmobina
6. imereTis mefes unda Seesrulebina ru- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma pavel cici-
seTis imperatoris brZanebebi da gankargule- anovma;
bebi; 7. imereTis mefis Tanxmobis gareSe ara-
7. imereTis samefodan ruseTi ufasod vis ar unda hqonoda qarTl-kaxeTidan imer-
gaitanda gemTmSeneblobisaTvis saWiro xe- eTSi da imereTidan qarTl-kaxeTSi mosaxleo-
tyes. navsadgurebamde xe-tyis gadamzidi bis gadasaxlebis ufleba. winaT gadasaxleb-
muSebis xelfasi unda gaeca ruseTis xazinas; ulni unda darCeniliyvnen im adgilze, sadac
8. imereTis samefos teritoriaze xelSekrulebis dadebis dros imyofebodnen.
tvirTis gadatanisaTvis rusi vaWrebi baJs aleqsandr tormasovis pirobebi. solo-
ar gadaixdidnen. samagierod, ruseTis xazi- mon II-is axali pirobebi miuRebeli iyo ru-
nas imereTis mefisaTvis unda mieca fuladi seTisaTvis, amitom iyo, rom aleqsandr tor-
kompensacia; masovi saWirod Tvlida, mefeze gavlenis
9. ruseTis jaris erTi aseuli (120 mebr- mosaxdenad TbilisSi mitropolit efTvimi
Zoli) imereTis samefos teritoriaze ganla- gaenaTeli Camosuliyo. saqarTvelos mTa-
gdeboda iq, sadac imereTis mefe moisurvebda; varsardali polkovnik fiodor simonov-
10. imereTis mefis karze mudmivad unda iCs werda, rom rogorme mefe mitropolit
yofiliyo ruseTis ministri (warmomadgene- efTvimis TbilisSi gamgzavrebaze daeTanx-
li); mebina. Tu solomon II amis winaaRmdegi iqne-
11. Tu mterTan brZolis dros imereTSi boda, simonoviCs jaris gamoyenebiT mefis
ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris gadaadgileba Sepyroba unda ecada. aleqsandr tormasovs
iqneboda saWiro, imereTis mefe mas ar Sez- eSinoda, mefis datyvevebas imereTSi mRel-
221
vareba ar mohyoloda, amitom aucileblad vevaSi ar daeSva mefis gaqceva. simonoviCis

CaTvala mosaxleobis winaswar Semzadeba. jarebis Tavmoyra SeumCneveli ar darCenia
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma imereTSi gag- solomon II-s. amitom iyo, rom mefem tormaso-
zavna Tavadi elizbar erisTavi,
erisTavi, Tavadi daviT vs sTxova masTan mosalaparakeblad gaegza-
TarxniSvili da kapitani amirejibi
amirejibi,, romle- vna saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis kancelariis
bic fiodor simonoviCs samRvdeloebasTan, mmarTveli, saxelmwifo mrCeveli p. mogile-
TavadebTan, aznaurebTan da saerTod, mo- vski.. mogilevski mefesTan Sesaxvedrad gaemg-
vski
saxleobasTan urTierTobis mogvarebaSi unda zavra. quTaisSi Casulma Suamavalma mefesTan
daxmarebodnen. aleqsandr tormasovi imere- kapitani amirejibi gagzavna da Tavisi Casvlis
Tis mefisagan gandgomis sanacvlod, guriis Sesaxeb acnoba. mefem Tavadebi solomon lion-
mTavars samTavros marTva-gamgeobaSi srul iZe da jafariZe mogilevskisTan Sesaxvedrad
damoukideblobas pirdeboda. 1810 wlis 21 gagzavna da rusi moxele varcixeSi miiwvia.
ianvars aleqsandr tormasovma werili gaug- lioniZe mogilevskis arwmunebda, rom mefes
zavna solomon II-s da Semdegi moTxovnebi didi jari hyavda Sekrebili, SeeZlo miuval
wauyena: 1. imereTis mefes TbilisSi mZevlad adgilebSi gamagrebuliyo da didxans dae-
unda gaegzavna batoniSvili konstantine
konstantine;; 2. cva Tavi. varcixeSi misvlisTanave mogilevs-
peterburgSi unda gamgzavrebuliyo deputa- kim mefes tormasovis werili gadasca. es iyo
cia Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: Tavadebi malxaz saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis pasuxi imereTis
andronikaSvili, solomon lioniZe, sexnia mefis mier elaznauris traqtatis gadasinj-
wulukiZe, qaixosro wereTeli da rostom ni- vis moTxovnaze. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis
JaraZe;; 3. solomon II unda dabrunebuliyo
JaraZe werilis wakiTxvis Semdeg mefe Zalze aRelda.
quTaisSi; 4. peterburgSi deputacias unda mis nacvlad mogilevskis solomon lioniZe
waeRo solomon II-is monaniebis werili ruse- pasuxobda. mogilevskim mefes sTxova, rom
Tis winaaRmdeg Cadenili qmedebebis gamo; 5. masTan pirispir saubari surda. solomon li-
solomon II-es amieridan zustad unda Sees- oniZem, qaixosro wereTelma da sxvebma mefe
rulebina elaznauris SeTanxmebis yvela pi- da rusi moxele marto datoves. molaparakeba
roba. am moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gagrZelda. gamarTuli dialogis Sinaarsi mo-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali omiT imuqre- gilevskim saqarTvelos mTavarsardals 1810
boda. mefisaTvis werilis gadacema unda uz- wlis 12 Tebervals gagzavnil moxsenebaSi ase
runveleyo polkovnik simonoviCs, romelsac warudgina:
werilis gadacemasTan erTad solomon II-Tvis solomon IIII:: ratom damatyda Tavs xelm-
unda ecnobebina, rom pasuxisaTvis sami dRe wifis risxva?
eZleoda. Tu mefe pasuxis gacemas da quTais- p. mogilevski
mogilevski:: ruseTisadmi mtruli moq-
Si gadasvlas gaaWianurebda, maSin simonoviCi medebis gamo.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan damatebiT jar- solomon II: me Tavs damnaSaved ar vgrZnob.
ebs gamoixmobda da sabrZolo moqmedebebs yvelaferi es xdeba boroti adamianebis ci-
daiwyebda. tormasovis gankargulebiT, gorsa liswamebisa da imereTSi myofi rusi moxelee-
da suramSi sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi iyo eger- bis usamarTlo dasmenebis gamo.
Ta me-9 polkis 2 bartalioni 4 zarbazniT. p. mogilevski
mogilevski:: Tqvenma sindisma gansazRv-
simonoviCisagan brZanebis miRebisTanave 2 ros, damnaSave xarT Tu ara aseTi viTarebis
batalioni oTxad unda gayofiliyo, or-or SeqmnaSi.
aseuls TiTo zarbazniT unda daekavebinaT solomon II: ra unda gavakeTo imisaTvis,
zemo imereTis teritoria _ lomsiaTxevi da rom imperatoris wyaloba davimsaxuro?
soflebi: saCxere, sveri, Sexveuli.
Sexveuli. p. mogilevski: sam dReSi unda SeasruloT
mzadeba solomon II-is Sesapyrobad. p. mo- mTvarsardlis moTxovna, gaagzavnoT deputa-
gilevskis misia imereTSi. aleqsandr tormaso- cia, misceT mZevlebi, maT Soris batoniSvili
vma polkovnik fiodor simonoviCs ubrZana, konstantine, misceT werilobiTi Tanxmoba
viTomda axalcixeze salaSqrod mzadebisaTvis xelmowerili traqtatis (elaznauris SeTanx-
jarebisaTvis moeyara Tavi da umokles vadaSi mebis _ v. g.) Sesrulebis Taobaze da gadaxvi-
Semoertya alya im adgilisaTvis, sadac sa- deT quTaisSi.
varaudod imyofeboda solomon II. polkovniks am moTxovnebis mosmenis Semdeg mefe cud
mieca mkacri miTiTeba, rom araviTar SemTx- gunebaze dadga da rus moxeles hkiTxa: ratom
222
vaxtang guruli
unda gadavide quTaisSi, sadac ruseTis jari peterburgSi deputaciis gagzavnas Tanxmde-
dgaso. mogilevskim solomon II-s upasuxa: ès bao. mogilevskim Tavadebs ganucxada, rom
aucilebelia imitom, rom Tqven ruseTis jar- mas TbilisSi gamgzavrebis garda aRaraferi
ebisadmi ndoba daadasturoT. geficebiT, rom darCenoda. cota xnis Semdeg Tavadebi isev
Tqven iq safrTxe ar gemuqrebaT.~ mefes mogi- Sexvdnen mogilevskis da ganucxades: mefe
levskisaTvis araferi uTqvams, riTac isarge- TbilisSi gaagzavnida quTaTel mitropolit
bla rusma moxelem da gaagrZela: `Tu Tqven dosiTeozs da gaenaTel mitropolit efvTi-
dauyonebliv SeasrulebT mTavarsardlis mis,, aseve Tavadebs cnobili sagvareuloebi-
mis
moTxovnebs, darwmunebuli brZandebodeT, dan. mefis saxeliT isini fics dadebdnen, rom
rom sicocxlis bolomde damoukideblad ga- elaznauris SeTanxmeba ganuxrelad iqneboda
nagebT imereTs. daculi iqneba yvela Tqveni daculi.
ufleba da upiratesoba. Tqven gadmogecemaT solomon II uars ambobda imaze, rom
samefo regaliebi, dageniSnebaT sarCo da ru- TbilisSi mZevlebi gaegzavna da elaznauris
seTis xazinis xarjze aRdgenili iqneba quTai- SeTanxmebis dacvis Taobaze werilobiTi ga-
sis sasaxle. mTavarsardlis winadadebaze, rantia mieca. mefe aseve SeuZleblad Tvlida
romelTagan arcerTis Secvla ar SeiZleba, konstantine batoniSvilis TbilisSi gagzavnas
Tqveni Tanxmoba an uari gansazRvravs Tqvens da quTaisSi dabrunebas. mogilevskim mefis
bednierebas an daRupvas~. gadawyvetilebis mosmenis Semdeg ganacxada,
solomon II-m gamomSvidebisas p. mogile- rom mis quTaisSi yofnas araviTari azri aRar
vskis uTxra, rom mas orad ori surviliRa hqonda da TbilisSi brundeboda. Tavadebi
darCa: samefo taxtis SenarCuneba da imereTi- isev mefesTan saTaTbirod gaemarTnen da ma-
dan ruseTis jaris gayvana. mefem rus moxeles leve dabrundnen. rogorc maTi naTqvamidan
ganucxada, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis gairkva, mefes aseTi gadawyvetileba miuRia:
werilze pasuxs TavadebTan TaTbiris Sem- quTaTeli da gaenaTeli mitropolitebi Ta-
deg acnobebda. audinciis damTavrebisTanave vadebTan erTad TbilisSi gaemgzavrebodnen
mefem Tavadebi moixmo. p. mogilevskim zurab da mefis Sewyalebas iTxovdnen. radgan mit-
wereTelTan saidumlod Sexvedra moisurva, ropolitebisa da Tavadebis TbilisSi gamgza-
magram rus moxeles acnobes, rom Tavadi vreba uaxloes xanebSi igegmeboda, Tavadebma
mefesTan TaTbirze imyofeboda. zurab were- mefis saxeliT mogilevskis sTxoves quTais-
Tels imdenad eSinoda mefisa, rom araTu im Si Seyovnebuliyo da TbilisSi deputacias-
dRes, aramed quTaisSi yofnis dros mogi- Tan erTad gamgzavrebuliyo. mogilevskim am
levski saerTod ver Sexvda Tavads. amitom Txovnis sapasuxod ganacxada: mefe saqarT-
iyo, rom tormasovisaTvis wardgenil mox- velos mTavarsardlis pirobebs ar iRebs da
senebaSi mogilevski werda,zurab wereTeli amitom Cems quTaisSi darCenas azri ar aqvso.
pilates rols TamaSobso. zurab wereTlis Tavadebsa da mogilevskis Soris xangZlivi
nacvlad rus moxeles Sexvdnen solomon li- saubridan gairkva, rom rusi moxele tormaso-
oniZe da sxvisi tansacmeliT Semosili qaix- vis pirobebis Sesrulebas daJinebiT iTxov-
osro wereTeli. mogilevski Seecada Tavadebi da, xolo konstantine batoniSvilis gareSe
daerwmunebina imaSi, rom solomon II-is uaris TbilisSi gamgzavrebas ar apirebda. warumate-
SemTxvevaSi imereTis samefos didi ubedure- beli molaparakebis Sesaxeb mogilevskim tor-
ba daatydeboda Tavs. qaixosro wereTeli mo- masovs moaxsena. mogilevski mixvda, Tu ratom
gilevskis dapirda, rom mefes tormasovis pi- aWinaurebda solomon II molaparakebas: mefe
robebis miRebaze daiTanxmebda. mefesTan mis- gazafxulis dadgomas eloda, roca Tovlis
ulma qaixosro wereTelma sruliad sawinaaR- dadnobis Semdeg mdinareebi adiddeboda da
mdego pozicia daikava da mefes saqarTvelos tyec Seimoseboda. solomon II savsebiT swo-
mTavarsardlis pirobebis miRebaze uaris rad fiqrobda, rom gazafxulze rusebs mi-
Tqma urCia. mefesTan saTaTbirod miwveul- uval xeobebSi misi Sepyroba gauWirdebodaT.
ma mTavarepiskoposma sofronma
sofronma,, dekanozma mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi Tavadebi mefesa da
nikolozma,, Tavadebma qaixosro wereTelma,
nikolozma mogilevskis Soris mimodiodnen. bolos mo-
sexnia wulukiZem da solomon lioniZem mogilevskim Tavadebs ganucxada: TbilisSi sas-
gilevskis acnobes, rom tormasovis mier wrafod kuriers gavagzavni, molaparakebis
wayenebuli pirobebidan solomon II mxolod mimdinareobis Sesaxeb tormasovs movaxseneb,
223
iqneb saqarTvelos mTavarsardali zogierT omon II-m Tan waiRo mTeli samefo salaro.
daTmobaze wavideso. solomon II kmayofile- varcixidan gasvlis droisaTvis mefes Tan ax-
biT Sexvda rusi moxelis gadawyvetilebas, lda 4.000 mebrZoli. 1810 wlis 20 Tebervals
Tumca quTaisSi dabrunebaze mainc uari ga- suramidan ruseTis jari imereTSi gadavida.
nacxada. imave dRes quTaisis yvela eklesiaSi waikiTx-
ruseTis jaris SeWra imereTSi da solo- es saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis mowodeba
mon II-is Sepyrobis mizniT sabrZolo moqmede- imereTis mosaxleobisadmi. mowodebaSi aRniS-
bebis dawyeba. quTaisSi polkovnikma fio- nuli iyo, rom solomon II-m daarRvia elazn-
dor simonoviCma da p. mogilevskim miiRes auris SeTanxmeba da xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
gadawyvetileba da suramSi ganlagebuli ru- ar gaagzavna deputacia imperatorTan. ale-
seTis jari imereTSi gaiZaxes. simonoviCma qsandr tormasovi, imereTis mefes kidev sxva
guriis mTavarsac Seatyobina, rom imereTSi braldebebsac uyenebda: urTierToba ruseTis
gasagzavnad jari Seekriba. simonoviCic da mtrebTan, ruseTis jaris (kazakTa) saguSagos
mogilevskic kargad xvdebodnen, rom gazafx- ganadgureba, ruseTis jaris kuTvnili Tofis
ulze dawyebuli wyaldidobebis periodSi maT wamlis gataceba, qarTlidan foTisaken mima-
mefis Sepyroba gauWirdebodaT, xSiri tyiT val jarisaTvis gzebis gadaketva. mowodebis
dafaruli miuvali mTebi da xeobebi xom Seu- bolos aRniSnuli iyo: ruseTis imperatoris
Zlebels gaxdida maTi Canafiqris asrulebas. nebiT, solomon II samudamod gadayenebuli iyo
miuxedavad am siZneleebisa, aleqsandr tor- imereTis samefo taxtidan.
masovma gadamWreli zomebis miReba gadawyvi- yvelieri idga. quTaisis eklesiebSi mo-
ta. 1810 wlis 15 Tebervals saqarTvelos saxleoba wirvaze iyo Sekrebili. wirvis dam-
mTavarsardali suramSi Cavida da polkovnik Tavrebisas waikiTxes zemoT xsenebuli mowo-
simonoviCs ubrZana mefis Sepyrobis mizniT deba. misi wakiTxvis Semdeg mRvdlebma mrevli
moqmedeba daewyo. simonoviCma solomon ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daafic-
II-s gaugzavna jer kidev 1810 wlis 21 ian- es. mTebSi gaxiznulma solomon II-m quTaisSi
vars tormasovis mier xelmowerili werili, mosaxleobis daficebis ambavi rom Seityo,
romelSic Camoyalibebuli iyo saqarTvelos maxlobeli soflebis mosaxleoba Tavis erT-
mTavarsardlis moTxovnebi. miuxedavad imisa, gulebaze daafica. mefe mosaxleobas mouwo-
rom am werilze pasuxis gasacemad mefes sami debda ar damorCilebodnen rusebs.
dRe eZleoda, igi pasuxis gacemas agvianebda. polkovniki fiodor simonoviCi mefis
imavdroulad mefem quTaisSi mogilevskisTan datyvevebis mizniT dagegmili samxedro op-
gagzavna quTaTeli da gaenaTeli mitropo- eraciis Sesrulebas Seudga. qveiTTa erTi
litebi da tormasovis zogierTi moTxovnis aseuli daba CxarSi gaigzavna, meore _ varcix-
Serbileba an saerTod ukan waReba moiTxova. is axlos mdebare sofel ofSkviTSi
ofSkviTSi.. mefe am
mogilevski araviTar daTmobaze wasvlas ar dros varcixis sasaxleSi imyofeboda. imere-
apirebda. quTaisSi rusma moxelem cxra dRe Tis samefos teritoriaze Sesuli samegre-
dahyo, Tumca xangrZlivma molaparakebebma los mTavris laSqari or nawilad gaiyo, erTi
veraviTari Sedegi ver gamoiRo. nawili daba Cxarisaken gaemarTa, xolo meo-
imereTis samRvdeloeba, upirveles yov- re _ sofel ofSkviTisaken. guriis mTavris
lisa, quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeozi da laSqari imereTSi sofel sajavaxos mxridan
gaenaTeli mitropoliti efTvimi, mefesTan Semovida. imereTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis
daaxloebuli Tavadebi kargad xedavdnen, rom didi nawili raWaSi gaixizna, Tan waiRes qone-
tormasovi samxedro moqmedebebisagan didx- ba. daba Cxarisaken mimavali ruseTis jaris
ans aRar Seikavebda Tavs. miuxedavad amisa, qveiTTa aseuli imereTis mefis laSqris erT
maT solomon II ver daarwmunes, rom zogier- razms gadaeyara. mcire Sejaxebis Semdeg qa-
Ti daTmoba aucilebeli iyo. imereTis mefes rTvelebma ukan daixies. solomon II varcixi-
rusebTan Segueba imdenad warmoudgenlad dan wasvlas ar apirebda. mefe Tvlida, rom
miaCnda, imdenad mZime iyo ruseTis qveSevr- adidebuli mdinareebiT, rioniTa da yvirliT,
domoba, rom Tavi gawira da damamcirebeli pi- dacul mis cixes rusebi ver aiRebdnen.
robebis miRebas ruseTis jarTan omi arCia. am polkovniki simonoviCi mefis datyvevebas
gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg mefe, dedo- swored varcixeSi apirebda. polkovnikma ka-
falTan erTad, miuval mTebSi gaixizna. sol- vkasiis grenaderTa polkis maior kolotu-
224
vaxtang guruli
zovsa da Stabs-kapitan saginaSvils ubrZana mefe Tavadebis didma nawilma miatova.

rionsa da yvirilaze foni moeZebnaT. grenad- qaixosro wereTelic ki rusebTan morigebas
erTa me-9 polki sofel xanisaken miiwevda, uWerda mxars. solomon II-Tan bolomde darC-
raTa iqidan varcixisaTvis SeetiaT. nen konstantine batoniSvili da solomon li-
Seityo Tu ara ruseTis jaris mier oniZe.. xanis xeobidan mefe axalcixeSi apireb-
oniZe
varcixeze Setevis dawyebis ambavi, solomon da gadasvlas. solomon II-s cnoba hqonda, rom
II-m gelaTis monastris arqimandriti daviTi rusebi axalcixisaken mimavali gzis Caketvas
simonoviCTan mosalaparakeblad gagzavna. cdilobdnen. mefe iZulebuli gaxda gaenaTe-
imereTis mefe drois mogebas cdilobda. man li mitropoliti efTvimi da sexnia wulukiZe
qaixosro, svimon da beri wereTlebi Serif fiodor simonoviCTan gaegzavna da rusebisT-
faSasTan gagzavna. cxadia, es ambavi rusebi- vis SeeTavazebina: Tu sabrZolo moqmedebebs
saTvis cnobili gaxda, amitomac simonoviCi Sewyvetdnen, igi sanacvlod tormasovis mier
solomon II-Tan molaparakebas ar apirebda. wayenebul pirobebs dasTanxmeboda. simo-
rusebisaTvis sruliad moulodnelad zurab noviCma mefes acnoba, rom sabrZolo moqmede-
wereTeli saerTod ganze gadga da araferi bebis Sewyvetis ufleba mas ar hqonda, xolo
gaukeTebia imisaTvis, rom mefes winaaRmdego- mefes TbilisSi gamgzavrebas urCevda. saso-
ba Seewyvita. mefem simonoviCTan arqimandrit warkveTilebaSi Cavardnili solomon II mzad
daviTis gagzavna ar ikmara da masTan mosala- iyo taxtidan gadadgomis Sesaxeb werilobiTi
parakeblad gaenaTeli mitropoliti efTvimi Tanxmoba mieca im pirobiT, Tu mas imereTSi
da Tavadi sexnia wulukiZe miavlina. mefe datovebdnen da mamuls gamouyofdnen. simo-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalTan Sexvedras noviCma mefis piroba ar miiRo. 1810 wlis 9
iTxovda. solomon II Tavisi warmomadgenlebis marts simonovoCma solomon II-s urCia mas-
tormasovTan gagzavnis nebarTvas da pasuxis Tan gamocxadebuliyo, raTa Semdeg Tbilis-
miRebamde sabrZolo moqmedebebis Sewyvet- Si gamgzavrebuliyo. mefem am winadadebaze
as iTxovda. simonoviCma mefes upasuxa, rom uari ganacxada da isev axalcixeSi gadasvla
igi sabrZolo moqmedebebs saqarTvelos mTa- gadawyvita. am dros solomon II-s moaxsenes,
varsardlis brZanebis gareSe ver Sewyvetda, rom ruseTis jarma axalcixeSi gadasasvleli
xolo aleqsandr tormasovi solomon II-Tan gza Caketa. gamouval mdgomareobaSi myofma
Sexvedras im pirobiT dasTanxmdeboda, Tu mefe mefem fiodor simonoviCs acnoba, rom masTan
ruseTis imperatoris nebas aRasrulebda, e. i. Sexvedraze Tanaxma iyo im pirobiT, Tu es Sex-
taxtidan gadadgeboda. solomon II-Tvis miuRe- vedra mdinare xanis xeobaSi Sedgeboda.
beli iyo simonoviCis moTxovna. mefis mdgo- molaparakeba solomon II-sa da fiodor
mareoba kidev ufro daamZima iman, rom sul simonoviCs Soris. mefis gamgzavreba imereTi-
mokle droSi rusebma imereTis samefos mo- dan. 1810 wlis 12 marts mdinare xanis xeobaSi
saxleobis didi nawili ruseTis imperatoris erTmaneTs Sexvdnen imereTis mefe solomon
erTgulebaze daafices. II da polkovniki fiodor simonoviCi. Sexve-
1810 wlis 6 marts ruseTis jari dris adgilidan moSorebiT imyofeboda ru-
polkovnik simonoviCis meTaurobiT rionis seTisa da imereTis jarebi. simonoviCma sax-
marcxena napiridan marjvenaze gadavida, raTa arebasa da jvarze daifica, rom solomon II-s
mefes rionis xeobiT raWisaken ar gaeRwia. ar daapatimrebdnen, xolo dedofali mariami
yvirilis napirze ganlagebul ruseTis jars TbilisSi darCeboda. p. mogilevskim daifica,
mieca brZaneba gaekontrolebina yvirilis rom TbilisSi gadasvlis Semdeg solomon II-s
xeobiT zemo imereTisaken mimavali gza. ima- moepyrobodnen rogorc mefes da mis mimarT
vdroulad simonoviCma izruna, rom varcixi- aranairi Zaladoba gamoyenebuli ar iqneboda.
dan solomon II okribaSi ar gadasuliyo da mefe dayabulda 1810 wlis 15 marts imereTi-
muxuris cixisaTvis ar Seefarebina Tavi. dan gamgzavrebuliyo, magram ara TbilisSi,
ruseTis jaris ZiriTadi Zalebi simonoviCis aramed suramsa da gors Soris mdebare qarT-
meTaurobiT varcxisaken daiZra. solomon II-m lis romelime sofelSi, sadac igi Sexvdeboda
baRdadSi gadasvla ganizraxa, magram geguT- saqarTvelos mTavarsardal aleqsandr tor-
Tan mas ruseTis razmi daxvda da mefe iZule- masovs. konstantine batoniSvilma, imereTis
buli gaxda mdinare xanis xeobas Sexizvnoda. samRvdeloebam da Tavadebma ruseTis impera-
varcixe da baRdadi ruseTis jarma daikava. toris erTgulebaze daifices. konstantine
225
batoniSvili daficebis Semdeg TbilisSi gae- ruseTis jaris yarauli icavda. imereTis
mgzavra. ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze ar mRvdelmTavrebma tormasovs solomon II-is
daifica solomon lioniZem, romelic mesame quTaisSi dabruneba sTxoves, razedac uari
dRes mRvdel nikolozTan erTad axalcixeSi miiRes. uarTan erTad aleqsandr tormaso-
gaiqca. vma mRvdelmTavrebs acnoba: mefoba gauqmda,
daTqmul dRes solomon II-m xanis xeo- imereTi samudamod SeuerTda ruseTs da iq
ba datova, rusebs ar endo, ruseTis jaris droebiTi mmarTveloba damyardebao.
banakSi ar gamocxadda da pirdapir dedofal 5. solomon II-is gaqceva Tbilisidan. br-
mariamis mamulSi, sofel sazanoSi Cavida. Zolebi imereTisa da ruseTis jarebs Soris.
sami dRis Semdeg mogilevskim 400 kacis (ama- mefobis gauqmeba imereTSi da solomon II-
la da samxedroebi) TanxlebiT mefe Tbilisi- is datyveveba Cveulebriv movlenas ar war-
saken waiyvana. 1810 wlis 21 marts solomon moadgenda. aleqsandr tormasovi, rusi samx-
II-m qarTlis sazRvari gadaiara da suramSi edroebi da moxeleebi grZnobdnen, rom mefis
Cavida. sacxovreblad mefe suramTan axlos, datyvevebas garTulebebi mohyveboda. amitom
sofel bekamSi
bekamSi,, Tavisi naTesavis, Tavad aba- iyo, rom TbilisSi Camoyvanili solomon II
SiZis mamulSi gaCerda. 22 marts mogilevskim praqtikulad SinapatimrobaSi imyofeboda.
brZaneba miiRo mefe suramsa da gors Soris saqarTvelos mTavarsardali eloda, Tu ro-
mdebare sofel varianSi gadaeyvana. varian- gor gadawydeboda solomon II-is bedi peter-
Si Casvlas apirebda aleqsandr tormasovic. burgSi.
solomon II rusebisagan mudmivad eloda sa- solomon II-is gaqceva Tbilisidan.
Tbilisidan. 1810
SiSroebas, magram eWvi gansakuTrebiT mas wlis 10 maiss, gvian saRamos (daaxloebiT 11
Semdeg gauZlierda, rac mefe da dedofali saaTze) solomon II Tbilisidan gaiqca. gaqce-
erTmaneTs daaSores. daeWvebulma mefem mogi- va moxda metad komikur viTarebaSi. im saR-
levskis ganucxada: sofel varianSi mival da amos mefem adre ivaxSma, Semdeg ki viTomda
aleqsandr tormasovs Sevxvdebi, magram mas Tavi sustad igrZno da adre dawva dasaZine-
Semdeg, rac TbilisSi gagzavnili gaenaTeli blad. dabindda Tu ara, mefem Tavisi msaxuris
mitropoliti efTvimi da Tavadi sexnia wul- tansacmeli gadaicva, aiRo doqi da wyarosak-
ukiZe imereTSi dabrundebiano. Ramis gasaT- en gaswia. darajma igi gaaCera da hkiTxa, Tu
evad mefe da misi Tanxmlebi pirebi sofel sad midioda. rodesac jariskacebma Seityves,
dirbSi SeCerdnen. dirbSi mogilevskis viRa- rom mefis msaxuri wyaroze midioda, igi
cam acnoba, rom mefe Sida qarTlis ukidures daubrkoleblad gaatares. daraji ar daeWve-
CrdiloeT raionSi, dvaleTSi
dvaleTSi,, apirebda gaqce- bula imitom, rom mefis msaxuri dReSi ram-
vas, saidanac Crdilo kavkasiaSi, oseTSi ga- denjerme dadioda wyaroze doqiT mefisaTvis
davidoda. ambis mimtani amtkicebda, rom gas- wylis mosatanad. winaswari SeTanxmebiT mefes
aqcevad cxenebi ukve mzad hyavdaT. mogile- quCaSi eloda policieli. erTi cnobiT, es
vskis kiTxvaze gabrazebulma mefem upasuxa: policieli imereTidan iyo. policielma msax-
arsad gaqcevas ar vapireb da Tu ar gjera, uris tansacmelSi gadacmuli mefe qalaqidan
yarauli daayeneo. yaraulis dayeneba saWiro gaiyvana. qalaqgareT mefes elodnen Tavadebi,
ar iyo, radagan sofel dirbis irgvliv ru- ori Zma erisTavi da oTxi wereTeli
wereTeli.. Tavad
seTis jaris qveiTTa 5 aseuli, dragunTa 1 wereTlebs Soris erT-erTi zurab wereTlis
eskadroni da kazakTa 1 aseuli idga. meore vaJi iyo. solomon II da misi amala, sul 23
diliT mogilevskim mefes gamoucxada: gaqce- kaci, axalcixisaken gaemarTa. rusma oficer-
va namdvilad gsurdaT, ris gamoc Tbilisi- ma, romelic mefis sacxovrebeli saxlis dac-
dan deputaciis dabrunebamde sofel dirbSi vas xelmZRvanelobda, gangaSi mxolod maSin
veRar gagaCerebT da dauyonebliv variani- atexa, rodesac mefis msaxuri wyarodan aRar
sken unda gaemgzavroTo. sofel varianSi dabrunda. oficeri mefis sawolSi Sevida da
gamarTul Sexvedraze aleqsandr tormasovma aRmoaCina, rom dedoflis gverdiT mefis is
mefes ganucxada: TbilisSi unda icxovroT da msaxuri iwva, romlis tansacmelSi gadacmu-
iq daelodoT, Tu rogor gadawyvets Tqvens li mefe wyaroze wavida. rusebis razmi sas-
beds ruseTis imperatorio. wrafod daedevna mefes, magram im droisaTvis
TbilisSi Casvlis Semdeg solomon II-s gaqceulebs 16 versi hqondaT gavlili. devna
sacxovreblad gamouyves saxli, romelsac uSedego aRmoCnda. Seityo Tu ara solomon
226
vaxtang guruli
II-is ambavi, aleqsandr tormasovma imereTis romeic selim faSas naTesavi iyo da faSas
mRvdelmTavrebs miswera, rom isini albaT amis ndobiT sargeblobda. Tavad orbelians selim
Semdeg mainc Seikavebdnen Tavs solomon II-is faSasaTvis ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
quTaisSi gaSvebis Txovnisagan. saqarTvelos Sesvla unda SeeTavazebina. qveSevrdomobaSi
mTavarsardali maT mouwodebda, rom mrevlis Sesvlis Semdeg selimi da misi memkvidreebi
simSvideze ezrunaT da mosaxleobisaTvis eqa- axalcixis faSad darCebodnen da imavdrou-
dagaT ruseTis imperatoris erTguleba. lad ruseTi axalcixis safaSos osmaleTis
solomon II-is Casvla axalcixeSi.
axalcixeSi. viTare- agresiisagan daicavda. tormasovi selim fa-
ba axalcixis safaSoSi.
safaSoSi. solomon II axalcixeSi Sas general-leitenantis samxedro wodebas
Seuferxeblad Cavida, sadac igi Tbilad mi- da 2.779 vercxlis maneTis odenobiT wliur
iRo trapizonis seraskirma Serif faSamfaSam.. igi pensias hpirdeboda. malTayvis brZolaSi dam-
solomon II-s mefobis dabrunebaSi daxmarebas arcxebuli trapizonis seraskiri Serif faSa
dapirda. Serif faSas dapireba saimedo ar iyo, jer trapizonisaken gaemarTa, magram Semdeg
radgan mas ebrZoda axalcixidan gaZevebuli axalcixeSi Casvla gadawyvita. am droisaT-
faSa selim ximSiaSvili
ximSiaSvili.. selim faSa Zlieri vis selim faSa axalcixidan ukve cxra wlis
pirovneba iyo, igi ar cnobda trapizonis se- gaZevebuli iyo. marTalia, Serif faSam selim
raskiris xelisuflebas, romelsac tradici- faSa axalcixidan gaaZeva, magram axalcixis
ulad emorCilebodnen arzrumis, baiazeTis, safaSo ver daatovebina. selim faSa aWaraSi
yarsisa da axalcixis faSebi. selim faSa imde- gaiqca, xixanis cixe gaamagra da Serif faSas
nad gaZlierda, rom ivan gudoviCsa da iusuf winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mzadebas Seudga.
faSas mier 1807 wlis 2 seqtembers xelmow- selim faSam ruseTs jariTa da fuliT dax-
erili droebiTi zavis cnobac ki ar undoda. mareba sTxova. aleqsandr tormasovma mas
selim faSas, ise, rom osmaleTis sulTani daxmareba aRuTqva im pirobiT, rom axalcixe-
saqmis kursSi ar Cauyenebia, surda aleqsandr Si dabrunebis Semdeg ruseTis imperiis qve-
tormasovTan calke daedo droebiTi zavi, Sevrdomobis Sesvlis Taobaze xelSekrule-
romelic mxolod axalcixis safaSos Seexebo- bas moawerda xels. aleqsandr tormasovma
da. 1809 wlis 20 seqtembers aleqsandr tor- am xelSekrulebis proeqtic moamzada da igi
masovi ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo kancler selim faSasaTvis gadasacemad polkovnik si-
nikolai rumiancevs moaxsenebda, rom arzru- monoviCs gaugzavna. selim faSam tormasovs
mis, baiazeTis, yarsisa da axalcixis safaSoe- acnoba, rom ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomo-
bisaTvis saqarTvelo aris saZarcvi terito- baSi Sesvlis Taobaze xelSekrulebas maSinve
ria. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali werda, rom moawerda xels, rogorc ki ruseTis jari ax-
Tu axalcixis safaSoSi lekTa jari Sevida, alcixis teritoriaze Sevidoda. selim faSa
saqarTvelos teritoriis darbeva gardauva- Tanaxma iyo tormasovTan mZevlebi gaegzavna.
li xdeboda. selim faSam kargad icoda, rom Serif faSasaTvis kargad iyo cnobili
rogorc ki SesaZlebloba miecemoda, ruseTi tormasovisa da selim faSas urTierToba.
mas sanimuSod dasjida. selim faSa Zalze SeS- faSam isic kargad icoda, rom ruseTi axal-
foTda, rodesac gaigo, rom 1809 wlis ivlis- cixis safaSos dapyrobisaTvis emzadeboda.
Si tormasovi ruseTis jariT sofel dmanis- Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare, Serif
Si Cavida. dmanisidan axalcixisaken midioda faSam daaskvna, rom imereTSi rusebis winaaR-
umoklesi gza. selim faSam tormasovs Tavisi mdeg ajanyebis dawyeba tormasovs iZulebuls
moxele gamougzavna da `samudamo megobroba~ gaxdida xeli aeRo axalcixis safaSos dapy-
SesTavaza. am dros tormasovma Seityo, rom robis gegmaze. aseTi iyo viTareba axalcixis
abas mirza didi jariT elizavetopols uax- safaSoSi, rodesac iq solomon II Cavida.
lovdeboda. viTomda selim faSas Txovnis ajanyeba imereTSi. axalcixidan imer-
sapasuxod, tormasovma axalcixeze laSqroba eTSi regularulad igzavneboda solomon
gadaifiqra da elizavetopolisaken daiZra. II-is, batoniSvil aleqsandre erekles Zisa da
sinamdvileSi, saqarTvelos mTavarsardals TviT Serif faSas werilebi, romelTa mizans
axalcixeze galaSqreba arc hqonda ganzrax- rusebis winaaRmdeg imereTis mosaxleobis am-
uli, igi dmanisidan abas mirzas laSqris moZ- boxeba warmoadgenda. rusebisaTvis moulod-
raobas akvirdeboda. dmanisidan tormasovma nelad werilebma mosaxleobaze gavlena moax-
selim faSasTan Tavadi orbeliani gagzavna, dina da mRelvarebac daiwyo. polkovnikma
227
fiodor simonoviCma imereTis mosaxleobas polkis 2 aseulsa da egerTa me-15 polkis 2

mowodebiT mimarTa. polkovniki mosaxleobas aseuls unda SeerTeboda, xolo Semdeg kav-
emuqreboda, rom solomon II-Tan urTierTo- Siri daemyarebina quTaisSi myof polkovnik
baSi SemCneulT mamuli CamoerTmeodaT da simonoviCTan. amave dros, dimitri orbelians
cimbirSi gadaasaxlebdnen. muqaram ver gaWra, unda ezruna, rom quTaissa da surams Soris
mRelvareba dRiTidRe Zlierdeboda. male mudmivi kavSiri yofiliyo. imereTSi ajanyebis
simonoviCma Seityo, rom imereTSi solomon swrafad CaxSobis mizniT saqarTvelos mTa-
II-is mxardasaWerad laSqris Sekreba daiwyo. varsardalma dimitri orbelians neba misca
rusebis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas solomon II-is samegerelosa da guriis mTavrebisaTvis jari
erTguli Tavadebi xelmZRvanelobdnen. zur- moeTxova.
ab wereTelma ukve meramdened rusebs zurgi imereTis sazRvrebSi Sesvlis Semdeg
aqcia da saerTod ganze gadga. tormasovma dimitri orbelianma Tavisi isedac mcire-
simonoviCs ruseTis erTguli Tavadebis da, ricxovani jari jer kidev suramSi orad gayo,
pirvel rigSi, zurab wereTlis quTaisSi Cay- yabardos muSketerTa polkis 1 batalioni 2
vana daavala. Tavadma qaliSvilis levan da- zarbazniT maior tixockis meTaurobiT su-
dianze qorwinebisaTvis mzadeba moimizeza da ramidan WeraTxevis xeobiT, soflebis alisa
saCxereSi gaemgzavra. da Walovanis gavliT, saCxerisaken gagzavna,
ruseTis jarma strategiuli poziciebis xolo TviTon yabardos muSketerTa pol-
dakaveba daiwyo. 1810 wlis 22 ivniss kavka- kis me-2 batalioniTa da 50 kazakiT vaxanis
siis grenaderTa polkis 2 aseuli maior ko- cixisaken daiZra. suramidan gasvlis Semdeg
lotuzovis meTaurobiT sofel saqarisaken sofel alTan miaxloebisas, maior tixockis
gaemarTa. rusebs cnoba hqondaT, rom soflis ajanyebulTa laSqarma gadauRoba gza. ruseb-
maxloblad solomon II-is erTguli 2.000 me- ma ramdenime versi ganuwyvetel Setakebebsa
brZoli idga. tyeSi Sesuli ruseTis jaris da brZolis pirobebSi gaiares. imis gamo,
orive aseuli Zlieri cecxli qveS aRmoCnda. rom bevri oficeri da jariskaci daiWra da
pirveli gasrolisTanave mokles maiori ko- TiTqmis yvela cxeni dakarga, maiorma tix-
lotuzovi, romelic kapitanma titovma Secv- ockim saCxerisaken svla Sewyvita. xeobis
ala. gaimarTa cxare brZola, romlis drosac siRrmeSi Sesul rusebs gzas ajanyebulTa
qarTvelebma 90 mebrZoli dakarges da ukan mier mowyobili uamravi xergili uRobavda.
daixies. moklulTa Soris iyo solomon II- meomrebi wylisa da furaJis maragis gareSe
is uerTgules Tavad qaixosro abaSiZis ori darCnen. gausaZlis pirobebSi maT xuTi dRe
vaJi. brZolaSi warumateblobas ajanyebulebi gaatares. bolos wyaros miagnes, magram gzaze
ar SeuSinebia, laSqris Sekreba da strategi- qarTvelebi iyvnen Casafrebulni, romlebmac
uli punqtebis dakaveba grZeldeboda. ajanye- mWidro alyaSi moaqcies ruseTis jari da
bulebi advilad axerxebdnen rusebis kuri- winsvlis saSualeba ar misces. mexuTe dRes
erebis Sepyrobas, ris gamoc quTaisSi myofma maior tixockis dasaxmareblad 2 aseuliTa da
simonoviCma danamdvilebiT ar icoda, ra xde- 20 kazakiT tormasovis mier gagzavnili maio-
boda imereTSi. ri reuti mivida. brZola gagrZelda. ruse-
daiwyo Tu ara ajanyeba, solomon II Serif Tis jarma, rogorc iqna, sofel als miaRwia.
faSas jarTan erTad imereTis samefos saz- 1810 wlis 11 ivliss jarTan erTad sofel
RvrebSi Semovida da quTaisTan axlos mdin- alSi Cavida general-maiori dimitri orbe-
are yvirilaze arsebul rusebis jaris saguS- liani da maior tixockisa da maior reutis
agos moadga. simonoviCma saswrafod gadaketa razmebi suramSi daabruna. generalma orbe-
varcixisaken mimavali gza. polkovnikma 3 lianma gadawyvita jari daesvenebina, wylisa
aseuli baRdadis cixeSi datova, xolo danar- da proviantis maragi Seevso da suramidan
Ceni jariT solomon II-sTan SesabrZoleblad vaxanis cixisaken daZruliyo. sofel alTan
daiZra. aleqsandr tormasovma suramidan gamarTul brZolebSi gamarjvebam qarTvelebs
imereTSi general-maior dimitri orbelianis frTebi Seasxa. dimitri orbelianis mier daS-
meTaurobiT yabardos muSketerTa polkis 2 vebulma Secdomebma ki tormasovi ganarisxa.
batalioni da 50 kazaki gagzavna. yabardos 1810 wlis 15 ivliss saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
muSkerterTa polkis 2 batalioni imereTis dali generals ganmartebas sTxovda, Tu
teritoriaze Sesvlis Semdeg egerTa me-9 ratom gayo jari orad. tormasovi misagan
228
vaxtang guruli
swrafi da gadamWreli zomebis miRebas elo- ma, romelTa SeiaraReba bevrad Camouvarde-
da. amis sanacvlod dimitri orbelianma saqa- boda ruseTis jarisas, didxans ver gauZles
rTvelos mTavarsardals jaris raodenobis zarbaznebis cecxlis mxardaWeriT Setevaze
gazrda sTxova, rasac aleqsandr tormasovma gadasul rusebs da ukan daixies. swored
uariT upasuxa, radagan miiCnevda, rom imer- gawvrTnili regularuli jarisa da kargi
eTSi ganlagebuli 8 batalioni savsebiT sak- SeiaraRebis wyalobiT rusebma zedized dai-
marisi iyo ajanyebis CasaxSobad. general or- kaves sofeli rioni da tyaCiris cixe, gafan-
belianis moqmedebiT ukmayofilo tormasovis tes yvirilis napiras Sekrebili ajanyebulTa
1810 wlis 16 ivlisis miwerilobis Tanaxmad, laSqari. yvela brZolaSi rusebma warmatebiT
imereTSi general-leitenanti grigori roze- gamoiyenes zarbaznebi, romlebiTac angrevd-
ni gaigzavna, romelic saTaveSi unda Casd- nen xergilebs da sxva TavdacviT zRudeebs.
gomoda imereTSi ganlagebul ruseTis jars ruseTis jari fexdafex misdevda sol-
da swrafad da efeqturad emoqmeda. saqarT- omon II-s, romelmac sofel sazanos Seafara
velos mTavarsardalma 1810 wlis 20 ivliss Tavi. ajanyebulebma winaaRmdegoba Sewyvites.
saqarTvelos mmarTvels daavala qarTlisa da miuxedavad amisa, aleqsandr tormasovi sa-
imereTis sazRvarze, sofel zedubanSi (vaxa- brZolo moqmedebebs dasrulebulad ar Tv-
nis cixis axlos), proviantis maragi Seeqmna. lida, vidre solomon II-s ar Seipyrobdnen.
1810 wlis 24 ivliss general-leitenanti saqarTvelos mTavarsardali 1810 wlis 3
grigori rozeni suramidan imereTisaken da- seqtembers simonoviCs werda, rom ar daeSva
iZra. sofel zedubnidan gasul generals mdi- solomon II-is imereTis samefo sazRvrebidan
nare Cxerimelas xeobaSi, Cxeris cixesTan mi- gasvla (osmaleTSi an iranSi gaqceva), solo-
axloebamde, ajanyebuli qarTvelebis pirveli mon II-is SepyrobaSi daxmarebis aRmomCeni
saguSagoebi Sexvda. 50 egeri da 100 muSket- 2.000 CervoneciT dajildovdeboda, eboZe-
eri jaris avangardSi idga, xolo marjvena da boda mamuli da samxedro wodeba. simonovi-
marcxena flangebs egerTa 2 aseuli da 100 Cic kargad grZnobda, rom vidre solomon II
kazaki icavda. avangardis ukan midioda yabar- cocxali iyo, imereTi ar dawynardeboda. dai-
dos muSketerTa polkis batalioni, xolo wyo sofel sazanos alyaSi moqcevis samxedro
Semdeg _ jaris aRali, romelsac 200 kaci operacia. belevskis muSketerTa polkis 1
icavda. kolonis ariergardSi idga yabardos batalioni maior SCelkaCevis meTaurobiT da
muSketerTa polkis 1 aseuli maior tixockis egerTa me-9 polkis 1 batalioni maior pribi-
meTaurobiT. mdinare Cxerimelaze gadasvli- lovskis meTaurobiT sofel sazanosaken da-
sas ruseTis jars gorakebze ganlagebulma iZnen. polkovnikma simonoviCma sofeli maR-
qarTvelebma cecxli gauxsnes, magram maleve laki daikava. solomon II iZulebuli gaxda
ukan daixies. Cxeris cixidan 2 versze grig- sofeli sazano daetovebina da mdinare xanis
ori rozenma ajanyebulTa didi razmi (5.000 xeobisaken daexia ukan. xanis xeobaSi Sesul
mebrZoli) SeniSna, romlebic xergilebs ukan solomon II-s Tavdacvis gacilebiT ukeTesi
iyvnen Casafrebulni. zarbaznebidan gaxs- saSualeba eqneboda. xeobaSi solomon II 500
nili cecxlis Semdeg rusebi Setevaze gada- imereli molaSqrisa da 150 osmalo jaris-
vidnen, qarTvelebma ukan daixies. rusebma 70 kacis TanxlebiT Sevida. dadevnebul rusebs
ajanyebuli mokles, maT Soris ajanyebulTa gzas uRobavda winaswar mowyobili xerg-
meTauri Tavadi dimitri abaSiZe
abaSiZe.. rusebma ilebi. simonoviCma jari sam nawilad gayo da
kidev ramdenime versi gaiares da mdinare Cx- Setevaze gadavida. rusebma solomon II-Tvis
erimelas napirze bazeleTis WalaSi SeCerd- gzis moWrac scades, magram warumateblad.
nen. meore dRes, 25 ivliss, grigori rozenma 1810 wlis 10 seqtembers polkovniki simo-
gza gaagrZela da oTx dReSi quTaisSi Cavi- noviCi tormasovs moaxsenebda, rom solomon
da. gzaze ruseTis jars ramdenjerme mouxda II xelidan dausxltda da osmaleTis sazRvari
Setakeba ajanyebulebTan. pirveli brZola gadalaxa.
sofel cxrawyarosTan
cxrawyarosTan,, meore sofel simoneT- solomon II-is osmaleTSi gadaxvewis Sem-
Tan,, xolo mesame quTaisis axlos, qalaqidan
Tan deg imereTis samefo saxlis wevrebi da dedo-
Svidi versis moSorebiT, moxda. quTaisis mis- fali mariami TbilisSi imyofebodnen.
adgomebTan rusebs 7.000 ajanyebuli gadae- 1810 wlis seqtemberSi axalcixeSi Casuli
Roba win. stiqiurad Sekrebilma ajanyebuleb- solomon II darwmunda, rom osmaleTi mas tax-
229
tis dabrunebaSi ver daexmareboda. viTareba simonoviCisa da saqarTvelos mmarTvelis,

aSkarad imereTis mefis sazianod icvleboda. kancelariis ufros p. mogilevskis uRirs
jer kidev solomon II-is imereTSi yofnis pe- saqcielsac auwyebda. orive maTganma wmida
riodSi, 1810 wlis 10 ivliss, rusebma soxumi saxarebaze da jvarze daifica, rom TbilisSi
aiRes. tormasovi Sesaferis dros eloda, solomon II-s araviTari safrTxe ar eloda
rom qvemo guria (qobuleTi, baTumi) daeka- da mSvidobiT dabrundeboda quTaisSi. miuxe-
vebina. axalcixis faSa Serifi ruseTis ja- davad amisa, mefe daatyveves da TbilisSi,
ris Tavdasxmas eloda. igi Tavis gadarCenas rogorc tusaRi, ise Caiyvanes. devnilobaSi
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi SesvliT myofi imereTis mefe samSobloSi dabrunebasa
apirebda. imedgacruebulma solomon II-m saqa- da samefos aRdgenas Txovda. werils ruseTis
rTvelos mTavarsardalTan molaparakebis imperatoramde ar miuRwevia da romc mieRwia,
dawyeba gadawyvita. pirvel rigSi, solomon mas aranairi Sedegi ar eqneboda.
II cdilobda tormasovis gegmebis amocnobas, 1811 wlis 14 noembers saqarTvelos ax-
1811 wlis ivlisSi imereTis mefem werili alma mTavarsardalma filip pauluCim (1811-
gaugzavna saqarTvelos mTavarsardals. wer- 1812) solomon II-s saqarTveloSi dabruneba
ilSi mas raime politikuri xasiaTis sakiTxi urCia. filip pauluCi mefes swerda: Tqven
ar dausvams da generals mxolod Tavisi da mier ruseTis imperatorisaTvis miwerili
axloblebis piradi nivTebis gagzavna sTxova. werilebi peterburgSi ar igzavneba, radgan
tormasovma dauyovnebliv upasuxa solomon SeiZleba am werilebma TqvenTvis savalalo
II-s. 1811 wlis 22 ivliss gagzavnil werilSi Sedegebi gamoiRoso. solomon II darwmunda,
igi mefes imereTSi dabrunebas urCevda, ara- rom ruseTis imperators igi xmas ver miawv-
nairi dapireba solomon II-Tvis, garda mS- denda, xolo pauluCisTan urTierTobas ara-
vidi da bednieri cxovrebisa, saqarTvelos nairi azri ar hqonda.
mTavarsardals ar miucia. sapasuxo werilSi 1812 wlis 1 ivliss solomon II-m weril-
imereTis mefe samSobloSi dabrunebaze Tanx- iT mimarTa mTiulebs, moxeveebs, xevsurebs,
mobas acxadebda da tormasovTan mosalapara- TuSebs da fSavlebs. mefe werda, rom male
keblad Tavisi warmomadgenelic gamogzavna. igi osmaleTis jariT imereTSi dabrundeboda
imave werilSi solomon II saqarTvelos mTa- da imedi hqonda, rom saqarTvelos mTianeTis
varsardals acnobebda, rom Serif faSas ru- mosaxleoba mas daexmareboda.
seTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla sur- axalcixidan solomon II arzrumSi
arzrumSi,, xolo
da. tormasovma axalcixeSi saswrafod gagza- iqidan trapizonSi gadavida. trapizonis faSa
vna podpolkovniki bolecovi
bolecovi.. 1811 wlis 22 osmani warmoSobiT qarTveli (xezindaraSvi-
agvistos tormasovma arqimandrit benediqtes li) iyo da safaSoSi moxeleebadac ZiriTadad
xeliT solomon II-s werili gaugzavna. saqa- baTumelebi hyavda daniSnuli. osman faSam da
rTvelos mTavarsardalma mefes aRuTqva, sxva muslimma qarTvelebma solomon II didi
rom mefuri RirsebiT miiRebda, Tu imereTSi pativiT miiRes. trapizonidan solomon II-m
dauyovnebliv dabrundeboda. arqimandritma Tavisi elCebi, qaixosro da daviTi, stambolSi
benediqtem solomon mefe tormasovis keTil- gagzavna. solomon II osmaleTis xelisufle-
ganwyobaSi ver daarwmuna. bas rusebisagan gaTavisuflebis sanacvlod
solomon II ltolvilobaSi.
ltolvilobaSi. aleqsandr imereTis samefos osmaleTis qveSevrdomobaSi
tormasovTan morigi warumatebeli molapara- Sesvlas, xarkis gadaxdas da 4.000-5.000 os-
kebis Semdeg 1811 wlis 20 oqtombers solo- malo jariskacis imereTis cixeebSi Cayenebis
mon II-m werili miswera ruseTis imperator pirdobas iZleoda. osmalebma solomon II
aleqsandr I-s. mefe imperators Seaxsenebda, imereTis mefed cnes da yovelgvar daxmarebas
rom mas mefobis xelSeuxeblobis piroba dahpirdnen. stambolSi solomon II-is elCebis
hqonda micemuli. amis Semdeg solomon II Casvla SeumCneveli ar darCenia ruseTis xe-
dawvrilebiT aRwerda, Tu rogor aiZula igi lisuflebas. ruseTma osmaleTs solomon II-
pavel cicianovma xeli moewera elaznauris is gadacema mosTxova. marTalia, osmaleTis
SeTanxmebisaTvis. solomon II cicianovs ad- sulTanma solomon II ar gawira, magram Seqm-
anaSaulebda imaSi, mefes ruseTis imperato- nil saerTaSoriso viTarebaSi mas realuri
risaTvis Tavisi azris moxsenebis saSualebas daxmareba ver aRmouCina.
ar aZlevda. solomon II aleqsandr I-s fiodor
230
vaxtang guruli
§2. rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba imereTSi muSaobaSi monawileobis misaRebad moewvia

qarTveli Tavadebi da aznaurebi. imereTis
mefobis gauqmebisa da solomon II-is
saolqo mmarTvelobas hqonda mmarTvelis
qveynidan gadaxvewis Semdeg imereTSi simSvide
kancelaria.. imereTis saolqo mmarTvelobas-
kancelaria
ar damyarebula. daZabuloba dRiTidRe iz-
Tan erTad gaTvaliswinebuli iyo imereTis
rdeboda. amas xels uwyobda rusi samxedroe-
Tavadebisa da aznaurobis sakrebulosa da
bisa da samoqalaqo moxeleebis mxridan Tav-
winamRolis ((marSlis
marSlis)) arCeva. marSlis Tanam-
gasuloba, Zalmomreoba da imereTis mmarTv-
deboba arCeviTi iyo, magram ruseTis impera-
elobis Seusabamoba qarTul tradiciebsa da
toris gadawyvetilebiT gamonaklisi dauSves
adaT-wesebTan, am mmarTvelobis Camoyali-
da marSlis Tanamdebobaze unda daniSnuliyo
bebis gaWianureba, rac TavisTavad qmnida us-
general-maiori Tavadi zurab wereTeli
wereTeli.. Ta-
amarTlobis safuZvels.
vadebisa da aznaurebis sakrebulo mxolod
1. imereTis olqis droebiTi mmarTveloba.
saTaTbiro organos warmoadgenda.
1810 wels, ruseTis mier mefobis gauqmebisa da
`dadgenileba imereTis olqis Sinagani
imereTis samefos dapyrobis Semdeg, saqarT-
mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~ ver ganxorcielda.
velos mTavarsardalma aleqsandr tormasov-
Seqmnili sirTuleebiT isargebla fiodor
ma general-maior fiodor simonoviCs imereT-
simonoviCma da wamoayena winadadeba, romlis
Si rusuli mmarTvelobis organizeba daavala.
mixedviTac imereTis olqSi ZiriTadad Zveli
tormasovis direqtivis mixedviT simonoviCs
mmarTvelobis sistema unda darCeniliyo. Ta-
nimuSad qarTl-kaxeTis rusuli mmarTvelo-
visi mosazrebidan gamomdinare, simonoviCi
bis struqtura unda aeRo. ruseTis imperiis
Seudga imereTis olqis mmarTvelobis axali
mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT, saqarTvelos mTa-
proeqtis SemuSavebas. 1810 wlis 28 marts,
varsardlis kancelariaSi momzadda ``dadge- dadge-
igi tormasovs swerda, rom axali proeqtis
nileba imereTis olqis Sinagani mmarTvelobis
SemuSavebisas mas zurab wereTlis daxmarebis
Sesaxeb~. arsebiTad, es iyo 1801 wlis 12 seqtem-
Sesaxeb
didi imedi hqonda. es is periodia, roca
bers aleqsandr I-is mier damtkicebuli `saqa-
solomon II TbilisSi SinapatimrobaSi imyofe-
rTvelos Sinagani mmarTvelobis debulebis~
boda, xolo imereTSi daZabuloba dRiTidRe
gamartivebuli varianti. dadgenilebis mixed-
izrdeboda. amitom iyo, rom zurab wereTeli
viT, imereTis olqi gaiyo eqvs okrugad:
amjeradac ganze gaudga rusebs. 1810 wlis 12
quTaisis, vakis, raWis, saCxeris, Cxerisa da baR-
aprils tormasovma zurab wereTels quTaisSi
dadis okrugebad. okrugis ufrosi rusi samx-
Casvla da simonoviCisaTvis daxmarebis aR-
edro an samoqalaqo moxele unda yofiliyo,
moCena sTxova. simonoviCma, zurab wereTelma
romelsac eyoleboda qarTveli Tavadebisa
da sxva Tavadebma mmarTvelobis proeqti Sei-
da aznaurebisagan arCeuli TanaSemweebi
TanaSemweebi.. Tu
muSaves, romelic 1810 wlis 30 aprils saqa-
qarTuli samarTali (vaxtang VI-is samarTali)
rTvelos mTavarsardals warudgines. tor-
sakmarisi ar aRmoCndeboda, okrugis ufross
masovma proeqti moiwona. axali proeqtis
SeeZlo rusuli kanonebis gamoyeneba
gamoyeneba.. imere-
mixedviT, imereTis olqi quTaisis, Cxeris,
Tis saolqo mmarTveloba arsdeboda quTais-
raWisa da baRdadis okrugebad unda gayofil-
Si.. mmarTvelobis saTaveSi idga mmarTveli
Si mmarTveli,,
iyo. imereTis olqis marTvisaTvis arsdeboda
romelic aucileblad rusi samxedro unda
divani anu imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba
mmarTveloba..
yofiliyo. mmarTvelad SeiZleboda samoqa-
axali proeqtiTac imereTis mmarTveli rusi
laqo piric daeniSnaT, magram samsaxuridan
samxedro unda yofiliyo. divanSi, anu droe-
gadamdgari samxedro. mmarTveloba iyofoda
biT mmarTvelobaSi, Sediodnen: saxlTuxucesi
aRmasrulebel,, saxazino da sasamarTlo eqs-
aRmasrulebel
(divanis ufrosi), prokurori, oTxi mdivanbegi,
pediciebad. eqspediciis ufrosi unda yofil-
oTxi mdivani, boqaulTuxucesi, meRvineTuxu-
iyo rusi moxele, eqspediciaSi kidev iqneboda
cesi, xabazTuxucesi, ori xevisTavi, erTi rusi
ori wevri qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebi-
mdivani, rusi xazinadari da sami Tarjimani.
sagan. samive eqspediciis muSaobas xelmZRvan-
okrugebis ufrosebad rusi oficrebi unda
elobda imereTis olqis mmarTveli. imereTis
daniSnuliyvnen. okrugis ufross eyoleboda
saolqo mmarTvelobasTan unda earseba saer-
ori TanaSemwe qarTveli Tavadebisa da azn-
To krebas
krebas,, romelic Sedgeboda samive eqspedi-
aurebisagan, erTi Tarjimani da ori mwerali
ciis wevrebisgan da mas mmarTveli Tavmjdo-
(erTi qarTuli enis, xolo meore rusulis
mareobda. mmarTvels SeeZlo saerTo krebis
231
mcodne). soflebis marTva-gamgeoba Zvele- unda yofiliyo: quTaisisa _ qalaq quTaisSi

quTaisSi,,
burad mouravebis xelSi rCeboda. quTaisis vakisa _ sofel maranSi
maranSi,, Sorapnisa _ sofel
okrugis ufross sxva okrugis ufrosTan Se- SorapnSi,, raWisa _ sofel sxvavaSi. okrugis
SorapnSi
darebiT meti uflebebi hqonda. igi Secvlida ufrosi aucileblad rusi Stabs-oficeri
imereTis mmarTvels, roca es ukanaskneli unda yofiliyo, romelsac eyoleboda ori
quTaisSi ar imyofeboda. imereTis droebiTi TanaSemwe imereTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebi-
mmarTvelobis debulebiT sikvdiliT dasja sagan. yovel okrugSi unda mdgariyo ruseTis
an sxeulis nawilis mokveTa aikrZala. kacis jaris 1 aseuli da 20 kazaki. qalaq quTaisis
mkvlelebs, qurdebs, yaCaRebs da tyveTa sy- marTva-gamgeoba evaleboda quTaisis okru-
idvaSi damnaSave pirebis saqmes samxedro gis ufross. samoqalaqo da saxazino saqmeebi
sasamarTlo ixilavda. 1810 wlis 10 ivniss gairCeoda qarTuli kanonebis (vaxtang VI-is
tormasovi simonoviCs werda, rom imereTis samarTlis) safuZvelze, xolo sisxlis samar-
droebiTi mmarTvelobis axal proeqts savse- Tlis saqmeebs rusuli kanonmdeblobis safuZ-
biT iwonebda da dasamtkiceblad warudgenda velze samxedro sasamarTlo ganixilavda.
ruseTis imperators. peterburgSi proeqtis mkacri ganaCeni samxedro sasamarTlos imere-
damtkicebamde tormasovis nebarTviT mmarT- Tis mmarTvelTan unda SeeTanxmebina. imere-
veloba Tavisi movaleobis Sesrulebas unda Tis droebiT mmarTvelobaSi Sedioda oTxi
Sesdgomoda. 1810 wlis 10-11 maisis RamiT qarTveli mdivanbegi (mrCeveli) da ori rusi
Tbilisidan solomon II-is gaqcevam da imer- asesori.. mmarTvelobis wevrebi Seadgendnen
asesori
eTSi mimdinare brZolebma droebiTi mmarT- saerTo krebas romelsac mmarTveli Tavmj-
velobis axali proeqtis ganxorcieleba Seu- domareobda. saerTo krebis funqcias Sead-
Zlebeli gaxada. genda 1.000 maneTamde Sefasebuli saqmeebis
daiwyo imereTis droebiTi mmarTvelo- ganxilva da saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamo-
bis axali, rigiT mesame proeqtis, SemuSaveba, tana. soflis mouravebi rCebodnen da isini
romelic 1810 wlis oqtombrisaTvis unda yo- okrugis ufrosebs eqvemdebarebodnen. uqm-
filiyo mzad. proeqtis Sedgena dagvianada da deboda saxlTuxucesis, quTaisis mouravis,
igi mxolod 1811 wlis 21 ianvars gaigzavna boqaulTuxucesis, xevisTavisa da sxva Tanam-
dasamtkiceblad peterburgSi. 1811 wlis 19 debobebi.
aprils aleqsandr I-ma debulebis proeqti 2. viTareba imereTSi mefobis gauqmebis
daamtkica. amjerad debulebis cxovrebaSi Semdeg. imereTSi arsebuli daZabuli viTa-
gatarebas xeli SeuSala 1811-1812 wlebSi reba erTxans kidev ufro daZaba iulon ba-
gavrcelebulma Savma Wirma, momxdarma wy- toniSvilis vaJis, levanis, imereTSi gamoCe-
aldidobebma, mousavlianobam da SimSilma. nam. 1810 wlis ivlisSi levan batoniSvilma
marTalia, kavkasiis axalma mTavarsardalma Sida qarTlis osebi aajanya ruseTis winaaR-
general-leitenantma filip pauluCim fio- mdeg. male batoniSvils Sida qarTlidan
dor simonoviCs imereTis droebiTi mmarTv- CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi mouwia gadaxvewa, sab-
elobis gaxsnis daCqareba daavala, magram am olood ki imereTs Seafara Tavi. levan ba-
ukanasknelma mTavarsardali daarwmuna, rom toniSvils imedi hqonda, rom ruseTis mow-
imereTis droebiTi mmarTvelobis gaxsna Seu- inaaRmdege imereli Tavadebis daxmarebiT
Zlebeli iyo. Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb axalcixeSi gaaRwevda, sadac mas Serif faSa
1811 wlis 18 noembers pauluCim ruseTis im- eloda. rusebma levan batoniSvilis Sesapy-
periis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs acnoba. robad saswrafo zomebi miiRes. batoniSvilis
imereTis droebiTi mmarTvelobis axali, Sepyroba raWis pristavis TanaSemwes, Tavad
meoTxe, proeqti isev fiodor simonoviCma anton erisTavs hqonda davalebuli. levan ba-
SeimuSava da 1814 wlis 25 Tebervals saqa- toniSvili Tavad erisTavebis dauZinebelma
rTvelos mTavarsardal nikolai rtiSCevs mterma zurab wereTelma ixsna
ixsna.. igi rusebs ukve
warudgina. proeqti ase iyo dasaTaurebuli: aTvalwunebuli hyavdaT, radgan misi vaJi si-
`dadgenileba
dadgenileba savaraudo saolqo mmarTvelo- moni solomon II-Tan erTad axalcixeSi gaiqca.
bis Seqmnamde imereTis droebiTi mmarTvelo- general-maiorma fiodor simonoviCma Seityo,
bis Sesaxeb~.
Sesaxeb proeqtis mixedviT, imereTi rom zurab wereTeli Tavis mamulSi malavda
quTaisis, vakis, Sorapnisa da raWis okrugebad axalcixidan solomon II-is mier werilebiT
iyofoda. okrugis ufrosis rezidenciebi gamogzavnil aznaur godabreliZes da misi ga-
232
vaxtang guruli
dacema mosTxova. zurab wereTelma simonov- utaciis arCevas moiTxovda. Tavadebma simo-
iCs SeuTvala, rom aznauri ukve gabrunebuli noviCs hkiTxes: ra eliT peterburgSi myofi
iyo axalcixeSi. yovelive amas daemata is, rom deputaciis wevrebs, Tu momaval wels imer-
zurab wereTlma levan batoniSvili jer Sei- eTSi ajanyeba isev daiwyebao. pasuxi aseTi iyo:
fara da Semdeg axalcixeSi gadasvlaSi daex- ajanyebis dawyeba Tqvenzea damokidebuli, Tu
mara. Tqven ar ajanydebiT, glexebs ajanyeba TavSi
imereTSi ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg Ta- ar mouvaTo. Tavadebma amjerad aseTi kiTxva
vadebi or jgufad gaiyvnen: devnili solomon dausves rus moxeles: ra moxdeba maSin, imer-
II-is momxreebad da konstantine batoniSvi- eTSi solomon II osmaleTis jariT rom dab-
lis mxardamWerebad. ruseTis xelisuflebam rundeso. simonoviCma am kiTxvazec pirdapir
Tavdapirvelad mizanSewonilad CaTvala Ta- upasuxa: verc solomon II da verc osmalebi
vadebis miwveva imereTis droebiT mmarTv- imereTSi Semosvlas ver gabedaven, Tuki Tqven
elobaSi. am RonisZiebam sasurveli Sedegi maT mxareze ar dadgebiTo. am kiTxva-pasuxis
ar gamoiRo. Semdeg gadawyda qarTveli Ta- Semdeg arCeuli iqna peterburgSi gasagzavni
vadebisa da aznaurebis mxolod mdivanbegebad deputacia Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: gaenaTe-
da olqebis ufrosebis TanaSemweebad daniS- li mitropoliti efTvimi
efTvimi,, Tavadebi: grigol
vna. gacilebiT ukeT moqmedebda mouravebis wereTeli (zurab wereTlis Svili), sexnia
instituti. imereTis Tavadebisa da aznau- wulukiZe,, daviT miqelaZe
wulukiZe miqelaZe.. imereTSi ganviTa-
rebis sakrebuloebis Seqmnac da marSlis (wi- rebuli stiqiuri ubedurebisa da Savi Wiris
namZRolis) arCevac Tavadebisa da aznaurebis gavrcelebis gamo zurab wereTelma saqarT-
mimxrobas emsaxureboda. Tavadadebisa da azn- velos mTavarsardals sTxova, peterburgSi
aurebis sakrebulosa da marSlis arCeva 1811 deputaciis gagzavna 1811 wlis seqtembri-
wlis ianvrisaTvis iyo daniSnuli. quTaisSi saTvis gadaedo. amis sapasuxod tormasovma
miiwvies imereTis yvela Tavadi da aznauri. am simonoviCs deputaciis gagzavnis daCqareba
ukanasknelT aRfrTovaneba ar gamouxatavT, mosTxova da Tanac ubrZana, rom deputaciaSi
piriqiT, eWviT moekidnen miwvevas. solomon II- aucileblad unda yofiliyo zurab wreTlis
is momxre Tavadebi da aznaurebi fiqrobdnen, vaJi grigoli. simonoviCi kargad xedavdavda,
rom ajanyebaSi monawileobisaTvis maT Seipy- rom zurab wereTeli mas opoziciaSi edga da
robdnen da cimbirSi gadaasaxlebdnen. Ta- amitom saqarTvelos mTavarsardals raime
vadebi da aznaurebi quTaisSi 1811 wlis 12 mizeziT misi TbilisSi gawveva sTxova. zurab
ianvars unda Sekrebiliyvnen. am dRes quTaisSi wereTeli da peterburgSi mimavali delega-
mxolod xuTi Tu eqvsi Tavadi Cavida. cxadi cia TbilisSi TiTqmis erTdroulad Cavidnen.
iyo, rom Tavadebis didi umravlesoba quTaiss tormasovi simonoviCs avalebda Tvalyuri
dapatimrebis SiSiT ar gaekara. mas Semdeg, rac edevnebina zurab wereTlis mTeli saxleu-
quTaisSi 12 ianvars Casulebi ar daapatimres, lisTvis. male rusebma Seityves, rom imere-
qalaqSi nel-nela iwyes Tavadebma Casvla. Tis Tavadebma daxmarebisaTvis osmaleTis
Sekrebis gaxsna simonoviCma 1811 wlis 16 ian- sulTans mimarTes. rogorc tormasovi simo-
vrisaTvis daniSna. mogvianebiT, 1811 wlis 24 noviCisadmi gagzavnil werilSi aRniSnavda,
ianvars simonoviCi tormasovs moaxsenebda, osmalebi rusebis mowinaaRmdege Tavadebs ai-
rom quTaisSi momavali Tavadebis nawili qa- medebdnen, rom male baTumidan foTs, xolo
laqis SemogarenSi tyeebSi imaleboda. roca axalcixidan imereTs osmaleTis laSqari Seu-
darwmundnen, rom maT ar Seipyrobdnen, qa- tevda. rusebma saswrafod daiwyes redut-
laqSi maSinRa Sevidnen. kreba gaixsna da si- kalesa da foTis gamagreba.
monoviCma Tavadebsa da aznaurebs arCevnebis 1810 wels, axalcixeze ruseTis jaris
Catarebis wesi auxsna. 17 ianvars Tavadebma mosalodneli laSqrobis win, solomon II ere-
da aznaurebma simonoviCs warudgines werili, vanSi gadavida, igi cixeSi ar Sesula, cixis
romelSiac aRniSnuli iyo, rom isini ruse- gareT qalaqis teritoriaze dasaxlda. axal-
Tis imperatorisadmi micemul fics daicavd- cixeSi man datova zurab wereTlis vaJi svi-
nen. amis Semdeg simonoviCma arCevnebi daiwyo, moni,, romelic imereTSi axali ajanyebis mowy-
moni
romlis dasrulebis Semdeg man SekrebilT obis mizniT werilebis gagzavnas agrZelebda.
tormasovis brZaneba gaacno. saqarTvelos solomon II samSoblos gaTavisuflebis
mTavarsardali peterburgSi gasagzavni dep- imeds ar kargavda. 1813 wlis 29 oqtombers
233
igi foTSic ki Casula. . 1814 wlis 2 marts st- gamocdil da energiul regents emarTa. qaix-
ambolSi ruseTis elCi andrei italinski saqa- osro gurielis mmarTvelobidan Camocilebas
rTvelos mTavarsardal nikolai rtiSCevs xeli imanac Seuwyo, rom mamia V gurieli ukve
atyobinebda, rom osmaleTi solomon II-s ar 20 wlis iyo da biZis meurveobas Takilobda.
daexmareboda. mamia V gurielis 1809 wlis 16 dekembris
1815 wlis ianvrisaTvis trapizonSi `saTxovari
saTxovari punqtebi
punqtebi~.. 1809 wlis 16 dekembers
myof solomon II-Tan 400 TanamebrZolidan mamia gurielma ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Ses-
20 kaciRa SemorCa. Tavi rom erCinaT, amalis vla iTxova. qveSevrdomobis Taobaze `saTx-
wevrebma cxenebi da iaraRi gayides. mefes si- ovari punqtebi~ guriis mTvarma isev biZis,
cocxlis bolomde uerTgules Tavadebma qa- qaixosros, daxmarebiT Seadgina. `saTxovari
ixosro da svimon wereTlebma. devnilobaSi punqtebi~ aseTi Sinaarsisa iyo:
myofi mefe mZime seniT daavadda. 1815 wlis 27 1. guriis samTavroSi rCeboda mTavris
marts mamia V gurieli ruseTis xelisufle- memkvidreobiTi xelisufleba;
bas moaxsenebda, rom 1815 wlis 7 Tebervals 2. guriis mTavari aRiarebda ruseTis
trapizonSi gardaicvala solomon II. mefe imperatoris uzenaes xelisuflebas, magram
wmida giorgis saxelobis berZnul eklesiaSi saSinao saqmeebSi damoukideblobas (avtono-
dakrZales. 1990 wels solomon II-is neSti miur mmarTvelobas) inarCunebda;
trapizonidan saqarTveloSi gadmoasvenes 3. ruseTi guriis mTavars unda dax-
da gelaTSi dakrZales. 2005 wlis 27 ivliss mareboda osmaleTis mier mitacebuli qvemo
saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli guriis (baTumis, Caqvis, xinos, qobuleTis)
eklesiis wmida sinodma solomon II wmidanad dabrunebaSi;
Seracxa. 4. guriis mTavars unda gadascemoda
imereT-guriis sazRvarze mdebare sajavaxos
Temi;
5. guriis samTavros teritoriaze unda
§3. guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis ganlagebuliyo ruseTis jaris 1 aseuli an
qveSevrdomobaSi mTeli batalioni.
ruseTis urTierToba guriis samTav-
1804 wlis elaznauris SeTanxmebiT, ro-
rosTan 1809-1810 wlebSi da mamia gurielis
gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, guriis samTavro
`saTxovari
saTxovari punqtebis
punqtebis~ axali variantis Se-
imereTis samefosTan erTad ruseTis imperi-
muSaveba. 1809 wlis 15 dekembers aleqsandr
is qveSevrdomobaSi miRebulad gamocxadda.
tormasovisadmi gagzavnil werilSi mamia V
es iyo naCqarevad gatarebuli RonisZieba,
gurieli aRniSnavda, rom guriis samTavro
romelic bevr winaaRmdegobas warmoSobda.
osmalTa batonobis periodSic ki avtonomi-
guriis samTavroSi Zlieri iyo proosmaluri
uri mmarTvelobis uflebiT sargeblobda.
ganwyobileba, Tavadebis did nawils ruseTis
daiwyo molaparakeba qveSevrdomobaSi Sesv-
imperiis qveSevrdomoba miuReblad miaCnda.
lis Taobaze xelSekrulebis saboloo teqs-
samTavros taxtis memkvidris, mamia gurielis,
tis SemuSavebisaTvis, rac rusebis mier 1810
mcirewlovnobis gamo gurias ganagebda misi
wlis gazafxulze imereTis mefis Sesapyrobad
biZa, qaixosro gurieli, romelsac daucxrom-
dawyebulma brZolam Seaferxa.
lad ebrZodnen Zmebi vaxtangi da levani.
aleqsandr tormasovma solomon II Ta-
1. ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
vis pirobebze ver daiTanxma. omi gardauvali
guriis samTavros Sesvlis Taobaze axali
Canda. 1810 wlis TebervalSi fiodor simo-
`saTxovari
saTxovari punqtebis~
punqtebis damtkiceba. malTayvis
noviCma levan dadiansa da mamia guriels Seu-
brZolaSi osmalTa laSqris ganadgurebam da
Tvala SeTanxmebisamebr jarebi SeekribaT da
foTis aRebam guriis samTavroSi prorusuli
imereTis sazRvarTan damdgariyvnen. simo-
Zalebis saboloo gamarjveba ganapiroba. 1809
noviCma mamia guriels damatebiT acnoba, rom
wlidan mamia gurieli samTavros ukve sruli-
imereTis mefis winaaRmdeg daxmarebis sanacv-
ad damoukideblad ganagebda, xolo qaixosro
lod guriis samTavros imereTis samefodan
gurieli marTva-gamgeobas Camoscilda. es
damoukideblad cnobda. guriis mTavris jari
ukanaskneli samTavros marTva-gamgeobas ru-
rionis marcxena napiras, sofel sajavaxoSi,
seTis mcdelobiT Camoaciles. saqarTvelos
unda damdgariyo. 1810 wlis Tebervlis Sua
mTavarsardals ar undoda guriis samTavro
234
vaxtang guruli
ricxvebSi, guriis
guriis,, samegrelosa da leCxumis sxva qveynebTan.
jarebi imereTisaken daiZrnen. 30 Tebervals aleqsandr tormasovma guriis sam-
mamia gurieli jariT sajavaxoSi dadga da Tavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
simonoviCis brZanebas eloda. solomon II-s miRebis pirobebi 12 muxlad Camoayaliba da
rom eWvi ar aeRo, rusebma xma gaavrceles: mamia guriels gaugzavna. guriis mTavrisaT-
samegrelos, guriisa da leCxumis laSqari bavis erTi wakiTxviTac ki cxadi gaxda, rom
Tumze gasalaSqreblad emzadebao. misi uflebebi minimumamde mcirdeboda. gan-
1810 wlis martSi ruseTis jarma imere- sakuTrebiT mZime iyo ori muxli: mesame mux-
Tis mefis winaaRmdeg sabrZolo moqmedebebi li guriis samTavroSi rusuli samarTlisa
daiwyo. fiodor simonoviCma mamia guriels da sasamarTlos SemoRebas iTvaliswinebda,
acnoba, rom ruseTma guriis samTavro imere- xolo meTormete muxlis mixedviT, samTavro-
Tis samefosagan damoukideblad cno. amis Si arsebuli sabaJoebidan miRebuli Semosava-
sanacvlod igi guriis mTavars solomon II- li ruseTis imperiis xazinaSi Sedioda.
Sedioda. mamia
Tvis guriis samTavroze gavliT osmaleT- gurielma, biZis, qaixosro gurielis rCe-
Si gasaqcevi gzis gadaketvas sTxovda. 1810 viT tormasovis pirobebi ar miiRo. guri-
wlis martSi solomon II-is jari rusebTan is mTavari saqarTvelos mTavarsardals
brZolaSi damarcxda da guriis mTavris ja- werda, rom igi gansakuTrebiT gaocebuli
ris imereTSi Sesvla saWiro aRar gaxda. mamia iyo mZevlebis moTxovniT, radgan mZevlebs
gurieli qaixosro gurielTan da vaxtang tradiciulad mtrisagan iTxovdnen. simon-
erisTavTan erTad quTaisSi simonoviCTan ovioCma tormasovs acnoba, rom SeTanxmebi-
gamocxadda. simonoviCma guriis mTavari mc- samebr guriaSi gagzavna ruseTis qveiTi ja-
ire razmiT TavisTan daitova, sxvebi ki Sin ris 2 aseuli, 6 kazaki da 1 zarbazani.
gauSva. mamia gurielma simonoviCs ganucxada, viTareba axalcixis safaSosa da aWaraSi.
rom TbilisSi qaixosro gurielis gagzavnas am droisaTvis axalcixis safaSoSi mkveTrad
apirebda, raTa guriis samTavros ruseTis daiZaba viTareba. safaSo, rogorc zemoT
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Taobaze aRvniSneT, xelT igdo Serif faSam
faSam.. devnilma
pirobebi SeemuSavebinaT. 1810 wlis mart- selim faSa ximSiaSvilma aWaras Seafara Tavi.
Si qaixosro gurieli TbilisSi Camovida da osmaleTis sulTani selim faSas mxridan ru-
tormasovs sTxova guriis samTavros qveSevr- seTTan urTierTobis gagrZelebis sastiki
domobaSi miRebasTan dakavSirebiT ruseTis winaaRmdegi iyo. Serif faSam 7.000 mebrZoli
imperatoris winaSe eSuamdgomla. aleqsandr Sekriba da aWaraSi, qobuleTsa da baTumSi,
tormasovs guriis samTavros ruseTis impe- Sevida. am dros baTumSi mokles baTumis bei
riis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla mizanSewonilad quCuk ServaSiZe da misi Zma, romlebic rusebT-
miaCnda Semdegi mizezebidan gamomdinare: 1. an molaparakebas awarmoebdnen. ruseTi quCuk
ruseTis xazinas aranairi xarjis gaweva ar beis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebas pirdeboda ise-
mouxdeboda; 2. samTavro mtrisagan Tavisi Za- Tive pirobebiT, rogoriTac samegrelosa da
lebiT daicavda Tavs; 3. samTavro dasavleT guriis samTavroebi miiRes. baTumis bei omar
saqarTveloSi ruseTis dasayrdeni iqneboda. aRa Jordania gaxda. gaigo Tu ara es manuCar
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aucileblad ServaSiZem, aleqsandr tormasovs SesTavaza
Tvlida qaixosro gurielis warmodgenili baTumis mmarTvelad sefer ali bei ServaSiZis
`saTxovari punqtebi~ ise daemZimebina, rom umcrosi Zma _ soslan bei ServaSiZe daeniS-
guriis mTavars rac SeiZleba naklebi ufle- naT. cxadia, soslan ServaSiZe ruseTis jaris
bebi hqonoda. 1810 wlis 12 aprils tormaso- daxmarebis gareSe baTumis bei ver gaxdebo-
vma mamia guriels acnoba, rom ruseTis mTav- da. baTumSi ServaSiZeTa gamgeblobis aRdgena
roba Tanaxma iyo guriis samTavro qveSevr- tormasovs WkuaSi daujda, baTumis dakavebaSi
domobaSi Semdegi pirobebiT mieRo: 1. guriis ki gadamwyveti roli guriis mTavars unda
mTavris saTxovar punqtebze Tanxmoba unda Seesrulebina. amitom iyo, rom saqarTvelos
ganecxadebina mTavris yvela qveSevrdoms; 2. mTavarsardali daTmobaze wavida da xelSek-
guriis mTavars TbilisSi unda gaegzavna sami rulebis proeqtis mesame da meTormete mux-
mZevali Tavadebis: erisTavebis, TavdgiriZee- lebi Secvala. 1810 wlis 15 ivniss tormasovma
bisa da nakaSiebis ojaxebidan; 3. guriis mTa- guriis mTavars `saTxovari punqtebis~ axali
vars unda Seewyvita yovelgvari urTierToba varianti gaugzavna, romelSiac mesame da
235
meTormete muxlebi nawilobriv Secvlili iyo. Tis gerbiani droSa. 1811 wlis 25 maiss ale-
mamia V gurielis 1810 wlis 19 ivnisis qsandr tormasovis wardginebis safuZvelze
`saTxovari
saTxovari punqtebi
punqtebi~.. 1810 wlis 19 ivniss ruseTis imperatorma qaixosro guriels pod-
quTaisSi mamia V gurielma xeli moawera saTx- polkovnikis samxedro wodeba uboZa da wm.
ovari punqtebis saboloo variants : anas meore xarisxis ordeniT daajilova. 1811
1. guriis samTavro Sedioda ruseTis wlis ivnisSi solomon II-is winaaRmdeg omSi
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi; monawileobisaTvis ruseTis imperatorma
2. guriaSi rCeboda mTavris memkvidreo- mamia guriels general-maioris samxedro wo-
biTi xelisufleba; axal mTavars amtkicebda deba mianiWa da wm. anas pirveli xarisxis or-
ruseTis imperatori; deniT daajildova. guriis dedofal marines
3. samTavros teritoriaze samoqalaqo daeniSna yovelwliuri pensia 2.000 maneTis
saqmeebis gansja mTavris kompetenciaSi rCe- odenobiT. ruseTis imperatoris sigeli da in-
boda, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs ki imereTis vestituris niSnebi (ruseTis gerbiani droSa
droebiTi mmarTveloba (e.i. ruseTis xelisu- da xmali), wm. anas ordenebi polkovnikma si-
fleba) ganixilavda da wyvetda; monoviCma maior kutnevis xeliT guriis mTa-
4. samTavros mtrisgan dasacavad guriis vars gaugzavna. sigelis miRebisTanave mamia
teritoriaze ganlagdeboda ruseTis jari; gurielma ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebis
5. Tu guriaSi madnis sabado aRmoCnde- fici dado.
boda da damuSavdeboda, Semosavlis nawili guriis samTavros ruseTis imperiis qve-
mTavars miecemoda. SevrdomobaSi miRebis Taobaze `saTxovari pun-
6. Tu ruseTi guriis samTavros terito- qtebis~ damtkicebisas aleqsandr tormasovma
riaze axal qalaqs aaSenebda, am qalaqis Semo- Riad datova sajavaxos Temis sakiTxi. mamia
savlis nawili guriis mTavars miecemoda; gurielis araerTgzis Txovnis Semdeg 1811
7. zemoT CamoTvlili pirobebis Ses- wlis 11 ivniss aleqsandr tormasovma guriis
rulebis samagierod guriis mTavari ruseTis mTavars acnoba, rom sajavaxos kuTvnilebis
imperatoris morCilebas kisrulobda; sakiTxi sagangebo Seswavlas moiTxovda da igi
8. guriis mTavars samTavroSi myofi ru- momavalSi gadaiWreboda.
seTis jari SeSiT, sanTliTa da biniT unda 2. viTareba guriis samTavroSi ruseTis
uzrunveleyo; imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. 1810
9. guriaSi myofi ruseTis jari mTavars wlis 19 ivniss guriis mTavris mamia guri-
unda moemaragebina puriT, RomiT, qeriTa da elis mier `saTxovari punqtebis~ xelmowera
TiviT; imas niSnavda, rom ruseTis imperators See-
10. Tu guriaSi madani aRmoCndeboda mTa- Zlo nebismier dros gaeuqmebina samTavro.
vars am madnis dammuSavebeli rusebisTvis aseTi samwuxaro aRsasruli gadaavada 1811
unda miewodebina muSaxeli, romelTa Sroma wlis dasawyisSi axalcixidan devnili selim
rusebis dadgenili nixriT anazRaurdeboda; faSa ximSiaSvilis gaaqtiurebam. axalcixidan
11. Tu guriaSi gemTSeneblobisaTvis Serif faSas mier gamoZevebuli selim faSa
saWiro xe-tye aRmoCndeboda, guriis mTavars aWaraSi imyofeboda. cxadia, Serif faSa se-
igi ruseTisaTvis ufasod unda daeTmo; ruse- lim faSas winaaRmdeg osmaleTis sulTnis
bi mxolod xe-tyis moWrisa da gatanis qiras Tanxmobis gareSe ver gailaSqrebda. ase rom,
gadaixdidnen. arc Tu ise Sors iyo is dro, rodesac selim
12. Tu rusebi guriaSi navmisadgoms faSas aWaraSic ar gaaCerebdnen. amitom iyo,
aagebdnen, misi Semosavlis meoTxedi mTavars rom devnili faSa ruseTSi eZebda mfarvelo-
miecemoda; bas. selim faSas surda aWarisa da axalcixis
13. guriis mTavari ruseTis imperatori- safaSos teritoriaze rusuli orientaciis
sagan miiRebda Rirsebis niSnebs _ xmals da saxelmwifo Seeqmna. man kargad icoda, rom am
droSas. ideis ganxorcieleba Zalze Zneli iyo da mo-
1811 wlis 8 aprils ruseTis imperatorma salodneli marcxis SemTxvevaSi TavSesafris
aleqsandr I-ma ùmaRlesi sigeliT~ daamtkica Zieba dasWirdeboda. 1811 wlis martSi selim
guriis mTavris `saTxovari punqtebi~. guriis faSam werilebi gaugzavna mamia gurielsa da
samTavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardal aleqsandr tor-
Sevida. mamia guriels eboZa xmali da ruse- masovs. guriis mTavars selim faSa sTxovda,
236
vaxtang guruli
rom misTvis baileTisa da gurianTis cixeebi an gamocxadda da mamis gegmebi gaumJRavna.

mieyida. amis samagierod guriis mTavari os- amasobaSi rusebma Seityves, rom trapizonis
maleTisagan dacvis garantias iRebida. selim seraskiri suleiman faSa xaznadar oRlu 500
faSa mzad iyo gurielisaTvis mZevlad Ta- mebrZoliT gonioSi movida, xolo baTumSi
visi Svili mieca. faSas ruseTisagan fuladi 15.000 osmalo mebrZoli idga. trapizonis se-
daxmarebis imedi hqonda. saqarTvelos mTa- raskiri dRe-dReze eloda axalcixis faSasa
varsardlisaTvis gadasacemi selim faSas werda selim faSa ximSiaSvilis moRalate Svilis
ili misma warmomadgenelma qaixosro guriels laSqars, raTa guriis samTavroSi SeWriliyo.
gadasca, xolo am ukanasknelma polkovnik si- mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnilma selim faSam
monoviCs gaugzavna. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- mamia guriels sTxova, rom misi saxeliT ru-
dali Tanaxma iyo selim faSasaTvis fuladi seTTan molaparakeba daewyo.
daxmareba aRmoeCina, oRond am fuliT mas saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma Tadarigi
jari unda Seekriba da axalcixis faSasa da daiWira da guriaSi ganlagebul ruseTis ja-
baTumis beis unda SebrZoleboda. erTi cno- ris qveiTTa 2 aseuls kidev qveiTTa 2 aseuli
biT, ruseTisagan selim faSam 1.100 oqro mi- da 1 zarbazani miaSvela. selim faSa ximSiaS-
iRo, magaram viTareba Seicvala da axalcixis vilTan urTierTobaSi ruseTma zedmeti si-
faSasa da baTumis beis winaaRmdeg brZolis frTxile gamoiCina, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo
dawyeba veRar moxerxda. mis gulwrfelobaSi daeWvda da daxmareba ar
1810 wlis aprilSi trapizonis seraskir- aRmouCina. selim faSam isev osmaleTis sul-
ma suleiman faSa xaznadar oRlum,
oRlum, arzrumis TanTan urTierTobis mogvareba gadawyvita.
seraskirma mehmed eminma da qobuleTis san- guriis samTavroSi osmalTa Semoseva CaiSa-
jayis beim ali aRa cecxlaZem guriis mTavars, la. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis davalebiT
mTavris biZebsa da biZaSvilebs da Tavadebs rusebma xma gaavrceles, rom ruseTis floti
werili gamougzavnes. isini ityobinebodnen, trapizonze Tavdasxmas apirebda. rogorc ki
rom trapizonisa da arzrumis safaSoebis da am xmam trapizonis seraskiramde miaRwia, man
qobuleTis sanjayis jarebi axalcixis faSa maSinve laSqroba Sewyvita da ukan gabrunda.
Serifis jarebTan erTad sulTnis brZanebiT rusebi amiT ar dakmayofildnen da qvemo
imereTidan, guriidan, samegerelosa da af- guriis (qobuleTi, baTumi) dapyrobaze daiw-
xazeTidan ruseTis jarebis gandevnisaTvis yes fiqri. 1811 wlis 8 seqtembers simonoviCi
emzadebodnen. faSebi mamia guriels urCev- saqarTvelos mTavarsardals swerda, rom Ses-
dnen osmaleTis jarebisaTvis daxmareba aR- aZlebeli iyo qobuleTis
qobuleTis,, cixisZirisa da ba-
moeCina. mamia gurielma axalcixis faSisagan Tumis dakaveba. simonoviCi nebarTvas iTxov-
muqaris werilic miiRo. guriis mTavarma es da xelsayreli viTarebis Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi
werilebi maSinve quTaisSi simonoviCs gaugza- cixisZiri daekavebina. 1812 wlis 19 maiss saqa-
vna da Tan Tavisi samoqmedo gegmac Seatyo- rTvelos mTavarsardalma nikolai rtiSCevma
bina. mamia gurieli apirebda selim faSa xim- simonoviCs baTumis dakavebis nebarTva misca
SiaSvils dakavSireboda, osmalebi guriaSi da Tan daavala baTumis bei aucileblad af-
Semoetyuebina da ruseTis, guriis samTav- xazeTis samTavro saxlis romelime warmo-
rosa da selim faSas jarebiT gaenadgurebina. madgeneli unda yofiliyo. ruseT-osmaleTis
mamia gurielis gegma ver ganxorcielda imis sazavo molaparakebam da omis dasasrulma ba-
gamo, rom selim faSas erT-erTma Svilma uRa- Tumis dakavebis sakiTxi gadado.
lata, Tavisi momxreebiT osmalo sardlebT-
237
Tavi XI. 1810 wlis ajanyeba Sida qarTlSi
1810 wels imereTSi mimdinare ajanyeba vis xeobaSi unda gadasuliyo; imavdroulad
jer kidev dasrulebuli ar iyo, rodesac darialis xeobaSi mcxovreb osebs samxedro gza
Sida qarTlSi levan batoniSvilma ruseTis unda CaeketaT, ris Semdegac duSeTsa da kobs
winaaRmdeg ajanyeba daiwyo. ajanyebas farTo Soris ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebisaTvis
masStabebi ar miuRia da misi likvidaciac unda SeetiaT. cxadia, rusebma levan batoniS-
rusebma mokle xanSi SeZles, magram, miuxeda- vilis gegmebi ar icodnen, magram imas ki kar-
vad amisa, 1810 wlis ajanyeba mniSvnelovani gad mixvdnen, rom batoniSvili saqarTvelos
movlenaa. samxedro gzis xelSi Cagdebas apirebda, osebis
levan batoniSivili (1785-1811) sayur- mimxrobac mas swored amisTvis sWirdeboda.
adRebo moRvawea saxelmwifoebriobis aRd- rogorc ki rusebma Seityves, rom batoniSvi-
genisaTvis brZolis istoriaSi. igi iulon bali Sida qarTlSi, cxinvalTan axlos, imyofe-
toniSvilis vaJi iyo. qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli boda, masTan kavSiris damyareba gadawyvites.
mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg levani mamas- aleqsandr tormasovis brZanebiT levan ba-
Tan erTad imereTSi gadavida da 1804 wlamde toniSvilTan misi aRmzrdeli dekanozi ioane
quTaisSi cxovrobda. 1804 wels, rogorc ze- qarTveliSvili gagzavnes. tormasovma aRmz-
moT aRvniSneT, iulon da farnavaz batoniS- rdelis meSveobiT levans acnoba, rom mamas,
vilebi imereTidan qarTlSi gadmovidnen, iulon batoniSvils, misi peterburgSi gamg-
raTa aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi daw- zavreba surda. levanma saqarTvelos mTa-
yebul ajanyebas Casdgomodnen saTaveSi. mamas varsardals SeuTvala: mas Semdeg
Semdeg,, rac iulon
da biZas Tan axlda 18 wlis levan batoniS- batoniSvilma da samefo saxlis sxva wevrebma
vili. tyeSi, sawurbliasTan, batoniSvilebis ruseTis imperatoris xelisufleba cnes, man
banakze rusebis Tavdasxmis Semdeg iuloni yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvita mamasTan, dedasa
Seipyres, farnavazma da levanma mdevars Tavi da naTesavebTan. levan batoniSvili aleqsandr
daaRwies. male farnavaz batoniSvili kaxeT- tormasovs pirdapir ucxadebda, rom arasdros
Si Cavida, xolo Semdeg mTiuleTSi gadavida. cnobda ruseTis imperatoris xelisuflebas
levan batoniSvilma irans miaSura, sadac misi da arc misi qveSevrdomi gaxdeboda. aseTi kat-
biZa, batoniSvili aleqsandre erekles Ze, egoriuli uaris Semdeg tormasovi darwmun-
imyofeboda. levani aleqsandresTan erTad da, rom batoniSvilTan molaparakebas azri
mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi Seurigeblad ar hqonda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
ibrZoda ruseTis batonobis winaaRmdeg. 1810 wlis 5 agvistos saqarTvelos mmarTvel
1. levan batoniSvilis dabruneba saqarT- fiodor axverdovs ubrZana yovelgvari kav-
veloSi. 1804 wels aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Siri gaewyvitaT levan batoniSvilTan: `Tavi
mTianeTSi mimdinare ajanyebis damarcxebis gaanebeT mas, datoveT Tavisi ubeduri bedis
Semdeg ruseTis xelisufleba gafacice- amarad (...), nu agrZnobinebT, rom Cven dain-
biT adevnebda Tvalyurs im batoniSvilebs, teresebuli varT misiT, im mdgomareobamde
romelTa dapatimreba da ruseTSi gadasaxle- miiyvaneT, rom monaniebuli CemTan movides...~.
ba ver SeZles. maT Soris iyo levan iulonis 2. ajanyebis dawyeba Sida qarTlSi. 1810
Zec. rusebs gansakuTrebiT afiqrebdaT is, wlis ivlisis bolos qarTvelTa da osTa
rom levan batoniSvili iranSi imyofeboda da razmi cxinvals daeca Tavs, magram iq gan-
misi xelSi Cagdeba SeuZlebeli iyo. ruseTis lagebulma egerTa aseulma Seteva moigeria.
xelisuflebam iulon batoniSvili aiZula im- Seityo Tu ara cxinvalze Tavdasxmis ambavi,
peratorisaTvis Svilis iranidan peterburg- saqarTvelos mmarTveli fiodor axverdovi
Si Cayvanis Taobaze Txovna mierTmia, Tumca cxinvalSi Cavida. igi aleqsandr tormasovs
am Txovnas ar SeiZleboda realuri Sedegebi SemTxveviT ar gaugzavnia cxinvalSi. saqarT-
mohyoloda. velos mmarTveli samaCabloeli osi iyo da
1810 wlis zafxulSi levan batoniSvili iqaur osebs kargad icnobda. axverdovma os-
saqarTveloSi dabrunda da aragvis, qsnisa da ebs didi fuladi jildos sanacvlod levan
liaxvis xeobebSi ajanyebis momzadeba daiwyo. batoniSvilis gadacema mosTxova. batoniS-
misi gegma aseTi iyo: qsnisa da liaxvis xeobebi- vilma safrTxe igrZno, Sida qarTlis barSi
dan ajanyebuli qarTvelebiTa da osebiT arag- aRar gaCerda da mTebs miaSura. batoniSvilma
238
vaxtang guruli
qarTlSi Tavisi warmomadgenlebi gagzavna cia moulodnelad unda moewyos mas Semdeg,
da mosaxleobas ajanyebisaken mouwoda. Sida rac xeebs foTlebi gascvivdebao. amasTan er-
qarTlSi dawyebuli mRelvarebis CaxSobis Tad, axverdovi saqarTvelos mTavarsardals
mizniT tormasovma cxinvalSi yabardos muS- sTavazobda levan batoniSvilTan mosala-
keterTa polkis 1 aseuli da egerTa me-15 parakeblad ruseTidan axlad dabrunebuli
polkis 1 aseuli gagzavna. 1810 wlis 5 agvis- Tavadi daviT abaSiZe gaegzavnaT. daviT aba-
tos tormasovi axverdovs werda: àdgilo- SiZis pirovneba imitom SeirCa, rom igi iulon
briv mosaxleobasTan urTierTobaSi damkvi- batoniSvilis TanamebrZoli iyo da kargad
drebul Semwynareblobas bolo unda moeRos. icnobda levans. tormasovs daviT abaSiZis
rvawlianma gamocdilebam isini gaaTamama, maT misiis warmatebisa ar sjeroda, magram fio-
daamtkices, rom aziels ise unda moepyro, dor axverdovis winadadebas mainc daeTanxma.
rogorc gaxurebul cxens~. Sida qarTlSi amasTan erTad, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
dawyebuli amboxebiT gabrazebuli tormasovi saqarTvelos mmarTvels swerda, rom daviT
werda: ài, rogor gvatyueben isini Cven. dar- abaSiZe levan batoniSvils unda Sexvedroda
wmunebulni arian rom gamoiTxoven patiebas, piradi iniciativiT da batoniSvils ar unda
ra danaSaulic unda hqondeT Cadenili. osebi egrZno, rom igi xelisuflebis mier iyo mig-
gvpirdebodnen, rom iqnebodnen Cveni brZane- zavnili. 1810 wlis 23 seqtembers tormasovi
bebis usityvod Semsruleblebi da aucile- axverdovs swerda: Tu daviT abaSiZe levan ba-
blad daiWerdnen levans, axla TviTon daiwyes toniSvils ruseTis xelisuflebasTan Serige-
ajanyeba. aseTi ram bevrjer SeemTxvaT aqaur baze ver daiTanxmebs da es meore cdac waru-
mmarTvelebs. maS ase, Zala da SiSi, SiSsa da mateblad damTavrdeba, maSinve polkovnik
samarTlian Zalmomreobas eqneba aq warmateba. karl stals ubrZane Sida qarTlis mTian
Semwynareblobas aqauri xalxi ver grZnobs da raionebSi SeiWras da nebismieri saSualebis
ver igebs~. gamoyenebiT levan batoniSvili Seipyraso; is
cxinvalSi ruseTis jaris 2 aseulis Casv- soflebi, romelTac levan batoniSvili Sei-
lis Semdeg rusebma levan batoniSvilis Sepy- fares da amjerad mis gacemaze uars amboben,
robis mizniT mTiani raionebisaken daiwyes samagaliTod unda daisajono. daviT abaSiZis
gadaadgileba. levani iZulebuli gaxda Tavad misias warmateba ar mohyolia. levan batoniS-
maCablebis im soflebSi gadasuliyo, romle- vili ruseTis xelisuflebasTan Serigebas ar
bic samaCablos ukidures CrdiloeTSi, mTeb- apirebda da ajanyebis gagrZelebas gegmavda.
Si, mdebareobda. batoniSvili cxinvalidan 25 4. samxedro eqspedicia Sida qarTlSi
qarTlSi..
kilometris moSorebiT mdebare sxlebis cixe- 1810 wlis seqtembris bolos ruseTis xelisu-
Si gamagrda. aq igi aleqsandre batoniSvilis flebam Seityo, rom aragvis xeobis qarTul
mier iranidan gamogzavnili jaris mosvlas da osur soflebSi mRelvareba daiwyo. mo-
eloda. sxlebis cixidan batoniSvilma wer- saxleoba ajanyebis dawyebas da levan batoniS-
ilebi daugzavna da qsnis, liaxvisa da aragvis vilis gegmis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos samxedro
xeobebis mosaxleobas da aleqsandre batoniS- gzis Caketvas apirebda
apirebda.. aleqsandr tormasovma
vilis saqarTveloSi mosalodneli Camosvla saswrafod Seadgina ajanyebis CaxSobis gegma.
auwya. mosaxleobam ojaxebi mTebSi gaxizna da samxedro eqspediciis meTauroba polkovnik
rusebTan sabrZolvelad moemzada. karl stals daevala, romlis daqvemdebare-
3. aleqsandr tormasovis RonisZieba Sida baSi iyo: egerTa me-9 polkis 2 aseuli, egerTa
qarTlSi ajanyebis CaxSobis mizniT. aleqsandr me-15 polkis 2 aseuli, yabardos muSketerTa
tormasovma fiodor axverdovs Sida qarTlSi polkis 2 aseuli, niJni novgorodis dragunTa
jaris gagzavna ubrZana, raTa dawyebuli am- polkis 2 eskadroni da kazakTa razmi. ruse-
boxeba dauyovnebliv CaexSoT. saqarTvelos Tis jarebi or kolonad iqna gayofili. erTi
mmarTveli jaris gagzavnis winaaRmdeg gamov- kolona javis xeobiT unda SeWriliyo Sida qa-
ida. 1810 wlis 27 agvistos axverdovi tor- rTlSi, xolo meore kolonas aragvis xeobaSi
masovs werda: tyiT dafarul miuval mTebsa da unda emoqmeda.
xeobebSi levan batoniSvili da misi momxreebi 1810 wlis 29 seqtembers, diliT adre,
TavSesafars advilad ipovian; miuval adgi- pirveli kolona polkovnik karl stalis
lebSi Casafrebuli ajanyebulebi did zians meTaurobiT aragvis xeobaSi Sevida, raTa
miayeneben ruseTis jars; samxedro eqspedi- iqauri mosaxleobisaTvis (qarTvelebisa da
239
osebisaTvis) saqarTvelos samxedro gzis Ca- ajanyebas damarcxebulad ar miiCnevda. igi

ketvis saSualeba ar mieca. moulodnelad rusebis winaaRmdeg yabardoelebisa da sxva
rusebi 2.000 mebrZols waawydnen, romlebic xalxebis gamoyvanas gegmavda. batoniSvilis
levan batoniSvilisaTvis ficis misacemad moqmedebas Tavisi agentebis saSualebiT mud-
iyvnen Sekrebilni. ficis micema CaiSala, sam- mivad adevnebda Tvalyurs tormasovi. saqa-
agierod ajanyebulebma Zlieri cecxli gaux- rTvelos mTavarsardalma kargad icoda, rom
snes rusebs. rusebs sastiki winaaRmdegoba naris xeobis osebi Crdilo kavkasiis xazze, qa-
SexvdaT osur soflebSi, romlebic mTebSi, laq mozdokSi Cadiodnen savaWrod. tormaso-
miuval adgilebSi, mdebareobda. brZola di- vma generalma ivan delpoccos mozdokSi Ca-
lidan saRamomde, 7 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, suli osebidan ramdenime kaci daapatimrebina
grZeldeboda. polkovniki stali ajanyebu- da maT aseTi moTxovna wauyena: Tu naris xeo-
lebs daedevna, patara liaxvis xeobaSi gadavi- bis osebi levan batoniSvils ar Seipyrobdnen
da da brZolebiT daikava sofeli marmazeTi
marmazeTi.. da rusebs ar gadascemdnen, yvela dapatim-
meore kolona niJni novgorodis dragunTa rebuli cimbirSi gaigzavneboda. dapatimreb-
polkis meTaur maior podlogis winamZRolo- ulma osebma werili daweres da naris xeobis
biT javis xeobaSi Sevida da brZolebiT dai- os mamasaxlisebs gaugzavnes. general-maiorma
kava sofeli java
java.. delpoccom levan batoniSvilsac gaugza-
aleqsandr tormasovma karl stals ubr- vna werili da ruseTis vfgxelisuflebasTan
Zana Sida qarTlis mTian raionebSi Sesvlisa- Serigeba urCia. werili batoniSvils erT-
gan Tavi Seekavebina da adgilobrivi mosaxle- erTma osma miutana. werilis wakiTxvis Semdeg
obisaTvis, pirvel rigSi osebisaTvis, levan batoniSvilma oss ase mimarTa: `gcxvenodes
batoniSvilis gadacema moeTxova. tormaso- Senc da am werilis damwersac~.
vma miiCnia, rom Sida qarTlis qarTul sof- levan batoniSvilis Sepyroba ver mox-
lebSi stali levan batoniSvilis gadacemaze erxda. zamTari moaxloebuli iyo da surda
mosaxleobas ver daiTanxmebda. amitom iyo, Tu ar surda, tormasovs samxedro eqspedicia
rom qarTul soflebSi mosaxleobasTan mo- ukan unda gaewvia. amitom gadawyda batoniS-
salaparakeblad Tavadi konstantine muxran- vilis gamcemis daxmarebiT Sepyroba. jil-
batoni gaigzavna. tormasovis gadawyvetile- dod 500 maneTi iqna dawesebuli. tormasovma
biT konstantine muxranbatons rusis jari general-maior fiodor simonoviCs daavala:
ar gaayoles. moRalate Tavads mis mamulSi imereTSi moZebne iseTi adamianebi, romlebic
Sekrebili glexebi da qarTuli milicia (sax- levan batoniSvilTan gamocxaddebian da mas
alxo laSqari) axlda. mosaxleobasTan mo- saqarTvelos datovebisa da axalcixeSi ga-
laparakeba verc polkovnikma stalma da verc dasvlis aucileblobaSi daarwmunebeno. saqa-
konstantine muxranbatonma ver SeZles. amis rTvelos mTavarsardali simonoviCs werda,
Semdeg stalma osuri soflebi daarbia. levan rom Tu levan batoniSvili axalcixeSi ga-
batoniSvili dvaleTSi
dvaleTSi,, naris xeobaSi,
xeobaSi, gada- dasvlaze uars ityoda, maSin igi migzavnil
vida. stalma kidev ramdenime sofeli gadawva. moRalateebs imereTSi unda miewviaT da gza-
osebma polkovniks Suamavlebi miugzavnes da Si sadme ruseTis jaris Casafrebamde unda
Sewyaleba iTxoves. stalma osi mamasaxlisebi- mieyvanaT. tormasovi Tvlida, rom levan ba-
sagan 12 kaci SearCia da TbilisSi tormaso- toniSvils axalcixeSi gadasvlaze advilad
vTan gamogzavna. kiserze xmlebCamokidebulma daiTanxmebdnen, radgan 1810 wlis 24 oqtom-
osTa deputaciam mTeli qalaqi gaiara da ise briT daTariRebul werilSi Serif faSa levan
eaxla saqarTvelos mTavarsardals. tormaso- batoniSvils daxmarebas pirdeboda. es werili
vma isini Tbilad miiRo da polkovnik karl rusebs CauvardaT xelSi. Serif faSa levan
stals ubrZana yvelani xelaxla daeficebina batoniSvils werda: àxla zamTaria, am eqvsi
ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze. amasTan Tvis ganmavlobaSi Sen sakmaod gaisarje, didi
erTad, tormasovma os mamasaxlisebs ubrZana, saxeli moixveWe osmaleTsa da iranSi…(...). Tu
SeepyraT levan batoniSvili, Tu igi naris SenTvis ukeTesi iqneba, datove eg xeoba, (na-
xeobidan liaxvis an aragvis xeobaSi gadmovi- ris xeoba _ v. g.) wamoiyvane 10-12 saukeTeso
doda. TanamebrZoli da Camodi axalcixeSi. axal-
5. levan batoniSvilis Sepyrobis cde- cixeSi male Camova biZaSeni (aleqsandre ba-
bi.. dvaleTSi gaxiznuli levan batoniSvili
bi toniSivli _ v. g.), mefec (solomon II _ v. g.)
240
vaxtang guruli
aqaa. zamTarSi Cven aqedan vimoqmedebT, xolo mamasaxlisebi ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdo-
gazafxulze jariT, sabrZolo saWurvliTa mobaSi Sesvlaze unda daeTanxmebina. Tu os-
da fuliT saqarTveloSi gagiSvebT da Cvenc ebi qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlaze Tanxmobas ga-
male CamovalT iq. Cemi rCeva esaa, Camosvla nacxadebdnen, enikolopovs maTTvis mZevlebi
Seni nebaa. vinc Seni erTgulia, osi iqneba unda gamoerTmia da isini gorSi Camoeyvana.
Tu Cerqezi, Cemi salami gadaeci da daudas- piroba aseTi iyo: gorSi myofi osi mZevlebi
ture, rom me mzad var samagiero samsaxuri yovel or TveSi axali mZevlebiT Seicvle-
gavuwio~. saeWvod Cans Serif faSas aseTi bodnen. ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
keTilganwyoba levan batoniSvilisadmi, axal- Sesvlis Semdeg sxva SeRavaTebTan erTad na-
cixeSi misi daJinebiT miwveva. am droisaTvis ris xeobis osebs saqarTveloSi da kavkasiis
Serif faSas mdgomareoba saxarbielo ar iyo: xazze, aseve ruseTis mTel teritoriaze Ta-
Tu rusebi axalcixeze Setevas daiwyebdnen, visufali vaWrobis ufleba miecemodaT.
didi Sansi iyo, rom cixis garnizoni rusebs avraam enikolopovi 1811 wlis 29 ivliss
ver gaumklavdeboda; axalcixidan devnili se- aleqsandr tormasovs moaxsenebda: osma mama-
lim faSa ximSiaSvili Serif faSas winaaRmdeg saxlisebma ganacxades, rom maTTvisac miuRe-
rusebis gamoyenebas cdilobda. aseT viTa- belia naris xeobaSi levan batoniSvilis yof-
rebaSi Serif faSas ruseTTan urTierTobis na. amasTan erTad, isini irwmunebodnen, rom
mogvarebaze unda ezruna da es aucilebeli maT levan batoniSvils ukve urCies ruseTis
iyo manam gaekeTebina, sanam mis winaaRmdeg se- xelisuflebasTan Serigeba. batoniSvils os-
lim FfaSa da rusebi gaerTiandebodnen. yove- ebis rCeva mousmenia da aseTi pasuxi miucia:
live es gvafiqrebinebs, rom Serif faSas 1810 ori kvira madroveT, am drois ganmavlobaSi
wlis 24 oqtombris werili levan batoniS- an ruseTTan Serigebas gadavwyvet an Cer-
vilisadmi tormasovis SekveTiT aris dawer- qezeTSi gadavalo. mamasaxlisebs enikolopo-
ili. rusebs surdaT levan batoniSvili Sida visaTvis uTqvamT: SevityveT Tu ara levan
qarTlidan gamoetyuebinaT da Semdeg xelSi batoniSvilis CerqezeTSi gadasvlis survili,
CaegdoT an moeklaT. es SeiZleba momxdariyo mas iaraRi da cxeni CamovarTviTo.
Sida qarTlidan axalcixemde sadme gzaSi an 7. levan batoniSvilis gadaxvewa axal-
axalcixeSi. mogvianebiT movlenebi marTlac cixeSi da misi mkvleloba.
mkvleloba. levan batoniSvili
ase ganviTarda. grZnobda, rom osebi mis gacemas apirebdnen.
6. podpolkovnik avraam enikolopovis amitom iyo, rom igi naris xeobaSi aRar ga-
misia naris xeobaSi.
xeobaSi. levan batoniSvili ruseb- Cerebula da saswrafod imereTSi gadavida,
ma Serigebaze amjeradac ver daiTanxmes. naris raTa axalcixeSi gaeRwia. imereTSi levan ba-
xeobis erTi osi mamasaxlisi levan batoniS- toniSvilis dapatimrebisaTvis gacilebiT
vilis gadacemis SemTxvevaSi tormasovs 2.000 ukeTesi pirobebi iyo, vidre naris xeobaSi.
maneTs sTxovda, xolo kidev ori mamasaxli- sabolood, rogorc aRvniSneT, tyveobisa-
sisaTvis _ sicocxlis bolomde pensias. saqme gan batoniSvili Tavadma zurab wereTelma
is iyo, rom naris xeobis osi mamasaxlisebi ixsna. misive daxmarebiT levan batoniSvili
or nawilad iyvnen gayofili da erTmaneTs 1811 wels axalcixeSi gadavida, sadac igi
daundoblad ebrZodnen. miuxedavad amisa, aleqsandre batoniSvils unda Sexvedroda.
erTmaneTisagan farulad isini tormasovTan batoniSvili albaT ver grZnobda, rom axali
levan batoniSvilis gadacemaze molaparake- safrTxe mas swored aq eloda. gzad mimavali
bas awarmoebdnen. tormasovma naris xeobaSi levani mtkvris xeobaSi, petres cixesTan (meo-
podpolkovniki avraam enikolopovi gagzavna. re versiiT, gogias cixesTan) axalcixis faSa
podpolkovnikma os mamasaxlisebs levan ba- Serifis mier migzavnilma lekebma mokles.
toniSvilis gadacemisaTvis Tavdapirvelad arsebobs versia, rom lekebi TviTneburad
1.000 maneTi SesTavaza, magram osebi ar das- moqmedebdnen. es versia usafuZvloa. lekebi
Tanxmdnen da isic iZulebuli gaxda maTi wina- rom axalcixis faSas davalebas asrulebdnen,
dadeba mieRo. 1811 wlis 19 ivliss, tormasovi Semdegi faqtidan Cans: mkvlelebma levans
podpolkovnik enikolopovs werda, rom osebi Tavi mohkveTes da batoniSvilis iaraRsa da
Tanxas levan batoniSvilis gadacemis Sem- tansacmelTan erTad Serif faSas miutanes.
deg miiRebdnen. garda levan batoniSvilis swored am drosFfaSasTan imyofebodnen saqa-
gadacemisa enikolopovs naris xeobis osi rTvelos axali mTavarsardlis filip paulu-
241
Cis emisrebi _ ioseb andronikaSvili da ber- taZris galavanSi, sxva cnobiT, yinwvisis mon-
Zeni porfiri
porfiri.. levanis Tavis gadacemas filip asterSi. ufro damajerebelia, rom levani
pauluCis emisrebi axalcixis faSam Segnebu- awyurSi ganisvenebdes (awyuri imxanad axal-
lad daaswro, raTa rusebis keTilganwyoba cixis safaSoSi Sedioda). naklebad savarau-
moepovebina. aRsaniSnavia, rom ioseb androni- doa, rom rusebis winaaRmdeg Seurigeblad
kaSvilma amoicno levan batoniSvilis Tofi, mebrZoli batoniSvili yinwvisSi, rusebis
romelic mas TviTon uCuqebia levanisaTvis. kontrolirebad teritoriaze, daekrZalaT.
levan batoniSvili dakrZalulia awyuris
242
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XII. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis da ruseT-iranis 1804-1813

wlebis omebis dasasruli. saqarTvelos istoriuli teritoriis sakiTxi
gulisTanisa da buqarestis zavebSi
saqarTveloSi ganviTarebul rTul samx- vebisaTvis saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma ax-

edro-politikur movlenebze gavlenas axenda alcixis safaSoSi SesaWrelad sami kolona
1804 wels dawyebuli ruseT-iranisa da 1806 gaamzada. imereTSi myofma general-maiorma
wels dawyebuli ruseT-osmaleTis omebi. ba- fiodor simonoviCma brZaneba miiRo, kavkasiis
toniSvili aleqsandre erekles Ze iranis grenaderTa polkis 2 batalioniT, egerTa me-
daxmarebiT apirebda qarTl-kaxeTSi mefo- 15 polkis 1 batalioniT da imave polkis kidev
bis aRdgenas, xolo solomon II osmaleTis 1 aseuliT imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis
daxmarebiT _ taxtis dabrunebas. 1811 wlis laSqarTan erTad axalcixis safaSoSi SeWril-
dasawyisSi kavkasiis marTva-gamgeobaSi cvli- iyo. simonoviCis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi jari
leba moxda. amierkavkasia (samxreT kavkasia) marjvena kolonas Seadgenda. TviTon aleqsan-
aleqsandr tormasovis gamgeblobaSi darCa, dr tormasovi suramSi Cavida. suramSi Tavi
xolo kavkasiisa (Crdilo kavkasiisa) da ast- moiyara qveiTTa 6 batalionma, 400 dragunma,
raxanis gubernatorad general-leitenanti 600 kazakma da qarTulma laSqarma.
laSqarma. tormaso-
nikolai rtiSCevi dainiSna. 1811 wlis seqtem- vis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi jari centralur
berSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad aleqsan- kolonas Seadgenda. swored mas unda daewyo
dr tormasovis nacvlad general-leitenan- suramidan mtkvris xeobis gavliT axalcixeze
ti filip pauluCi dainiSna, romelic 1812 Seteva. marcxena kolona general-maior se-
wlis damdegs general-leitenantma nikolai mion portniaginis meTaurobiT dmanisSi idga.
rtiSCevma Secvala. filip pauluCisa da niko- dmanisSi Tavmoyrili iyo Tbilisis muSket-
lai rtiSCevs mouxdaT iranTan da osmaleTTan erTa polkis 1 batalioni, saratovis muSket-
omis gagrZeleba da damTavreba. erTa polkis 1 batalioni, egerTa me-15 polkis
1. ruseT-osmaleTis omis 1806-1812 wlebis 1 batalioni, 200 kazaki, SamSadiluel TaTarTa
omis dasasruli.
dasasruli. 1811 wlis dasasruls filip laSqari (500 mebrZoli). samive kolona axal-
pauluCi derbentisa da yubis saxanoebSi Cav- cixisken unda daZruliyo da 1810 wlis 15 no-
ida, raTa ruseT-iranis frontze Seqmnil embers cixes miaxloeboda. gzadagza rusebs
mdgomareobas gascnoboda. Semdeg mTavarsar- xma unda gaevrcelebinaT, rom midiodnen ara
dali ruseT-osmaleTis frontze arsebul axalcixis safaSos dasapyrobad, aramed _
mdgomareobas gaecno. 1811 wlis dekemberSi Serif faSas dasasjelad. rusebi mosaxleobas
filip pauluCi ruseTis imperiis samxedro mouwodebdnen darCeniliyvnen TavianT sof-
ministrs werda: axalcixis safaSos momijnave lebSi, maT sicocxlesa da qonebas safrTxe
borCalos provincia gaveranebulia axalcix- ar emuqreboda. tormasovma somonoviCs daav-
idan da axalqalaqidan osmalTa Semosevebis ala, axalcixidan Serif faSas mier gaZevebul
gamo, mosaxleoba imdenad gaRatakebulia, selim faSasTan (ximSiaSvilTan) molaparakeba
rom gadasaxadebs ver ixdiso. ewarmoebina, raTa es ukanaskneli Serif faSas
laSqroba axalcixeze. jer kidev foTis winaaRmdeg erTobliv brZolaze daeTanxmebi-
aRebis Semdeg aleqsandr tormasovma axal- na. selim ximSiaSvilma avadmyofoba moimizeza
cixeze laSqroba gadawyvita. droebiT es da axalcixeze laSqrobaSi monawileoba ar mi-
laSqroba iranis winaaRmdeg warmoebulma sa- iRo.
brZolo operaciebma Seaferxa. ruseT-osma- 1810 wlis 1 noembers general-maiori
leTis omis balkaneTis frontze 1810 wels fiodor simonoviCi imereTidan axalcixisaken
sabrZolo moqmedebebi rusebis gamarjvebe- daiZra. didma Tovlma jaris moZraoba Zalze
biT warimarTa. rusebma gaanadgures osmale- gaaZnela. simonoviCi iZulebuli gaxda, mx-
Tis jari, romelic 40.000 mebrZols iTvli- olod sami zarbazani waeRo Tan. Sevida Tu
da da dunaispireTSi daikaves mniSvnelovani ara axalcixis safaSos sazRvrebSi, simonoviCs
simagreebi, maT Soris plevna
plevna.. tormasovi win osmalTa Zlieri razmi (2.000 mebrZoli)
fiqrobda, rom osmaleTi male zavs iTxov- gadaeRoba. rusebma xelCarTuli brZoliT
da da amitom axalcixis safaSos dakavebas gaikvlies gza. am brZolis Semdeg axalcix-
Cqarobda. 1810 wlis oqtombris Sua ricx- emde osmalebi aRar gamoCenilan. 1810 wlis 2
243
noembers general-maiori semion portniagini axalcixes miuaxlovda.

dmanisidan axalcixisaken daiZra. portniagins axalcixis faSa Serifi momzadebuli dax-
osmalebi (1.500 cxenosani) mxolod axalcixis vda ruseTis jars. qalaqs miwayrili icavda,
misadgomebTan Sexvdnen. mcire Sejaxebis Sem- xolo cixeSi Zlieri garnizoni (10.000 mebr-
deg kazakebma da SamSadiluelma TaTrebma Zoli) idga. Serif faSa cixe-simagreSi Caiketa
isini ukuaqcies. portniagini axalcixis mis- da qalaqis misadgomebTan brZolis gamarTva
adgomebTan dabanakda da Setyobineba gaugza- arc ufiqria. axalcixeze alyis organizeba
vna tormasovs. suramidan axalcixisaken mima- tormasovma general portniagins daavala.
vali gza jarisa da artileriis gadaadgile- 1810 wlis 15 noembrisaTvis axalcixe ukve
bisaTvis sruliad gamousadegari iyo, amitom sami mxridan alyaSi iyo, meoTxe mxare gen-
aleqsandr tormasovma jari or nawilad gayo. eral simonoviCis jarebs unda daekavebinaT.
pirvel nawils, romelSic xersonis grenader- 16 noembers simonoviCi axalcixesTan alyaze
Ta da egerTa me-9 polkis batalionebi Sedio- mdgar jarebs SeuerTda da general titovisa
da, general-maiori nikolai titovi meTau- da general orbelianis jarebs Soris daikava
robda. jaris meore nawils, romelSic kavka- pozicia.
ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 da ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 ww. omebi
siis grenaderTa polkis 1 batalioni, yabar- axalcixis safaSos teritoriaze ruseTis

dos muSketerTa polkis 1 batalioni da dra- jaris SesvlisTanave qristianma mosaxleobam
gunTa 1 batalioni Sedioda, general-maiori deputaciebi gagzavna rusebTan. tormaso-
dimitri orbeliani edga saTaveSi. jaris avan- vma qarTvelTa da SamSadiluelTa laSqars
gardSi polkovnik denisovis meTaurobiT ka- ubrZana qristiani mosaxleoba saswrafod
zakebi idgnen. ariergardSi idga egerTa me-9 gaeyvana safaSos sazRvrebidan. saqarTvelos
polkis 2 batalioni general filip pauluCis mTavarsardalma qarTvel Tavadebs piroba
meTaurobiT. 1810 wlis 11 noembers ruseTis misca, rom axalcixis safaSodan gayvanili
jari awyurs miuaxlovda. tormasovma paulu- qristianebi maTi ymebi gaxdebodnen da axal
Cis ubrZana moexdina awyuris cixis rekog- sacxovrebel adgilze xuTi wlis ganmavloba-
noscireba. marTalia, awyuri Zlier simagres Si bevrnairi SeRavaTi miecemodaT.
warmoadgenda, magram Zalze mcirericxovani 1810 wlis 19 noembers, gamTeniisas,
garnizoni hyavda. mciregarnizoniani cixis rusebma ieriSi miitanes yaia baSis kldeze,
zurgSi datoveba rusebisaTvis safrTxes ar romelic Tavs dahyurebda axalcixes. dilis
warmoadgenda, amitom iyo, rom tormasovma 5 saaTze rusebma yaia baSi osmalebs daato-
awyuris cixes gverdi auara da 14 noembers vebines. am danakargma mZime mdgomareobaSi
244
vaxtang guruli
Caagdo axalcixis garnizoni. meTauri polkovniki piotr kotliarevski.

kotliarevski.
axalqalaqis garnizonma, rogorc ki ru- kotliarevskis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo qarT-
seTis jaris mier axalcixis alyaSi moqcevis vel grenaderTa polkis 2 batalioni, eger-
ambavi Seityo, cixe datova da ukan daixia. Ta 44-e polkis batalioni 100 kazakiTa da 2
tormasovs awyuris cixesTan polkovnik peC- zarbazniT. egerebma miiRes brZaneba, rom dma-
erskis meTaurobiT mcire razmi hyavda dato- nisis gavliT Casuliyvnen walkaSi
walkaSi,, saidanac
vebuli. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma peCer- SeumCnevlad unda gadasuliyvnen axalqalaqis
skis ubrZana, ultimatumi waeyenebina awyuris misadgomebTan. egerebTan erTad axalqalaqi-
garnizonisaTvis. saken unda daZruliyvnen dmanissa da walkaSi
brZolebi axalcixisaTvis warmatebiT saguSagoebze mdgari kazakebi, agreTve bor-
grZeldeboda. 1810 wlis 22 noembridan oTxi Calos mouravis mier muslimi mosaxleobidan
dRis ganmavlobaSi rusebis artileriam qa- Sekrebili laSqari.
laqSi yvelaferi nacartutad aqcia, gadaiwva 1811 wlis 3 da 4 dekembers polkovnik
Serif faSas palatebic. tormasovi Setevaze piotr kotliarevskis meTaurobiT qarT-
gadasvlas mainc ar apirebda, man cixeSi Ta- vel grenaderTa polki da kazakTa aseuli
visi warmomadgeneli wargzavna da cixis Caba- zarbaznis gareSe goridan axalqalaqisaken
reba moiTxova. Serif faSam tormasovs uari daiZra. mtkvris marjvena napirze gadasvlis
SemouTvala. maSin saqarTvelos mTavarsar- Semdeg kotliarevskis SeuerTda kidev erTi
dalma axali moTxovna wauyena: imereTis mefe batalioni. marTalia, batalions zarbazani
solomoni gadmomeci da axalcixidan lekebi ar gaaCnda, magram momzadebuli hqonda cixis
gaaZeveo. Seref faSas pasuxi aseTi iyo: imere- kedlis gadasalaxi kibeebi. momdevno dRee-
Tis mefe solomoni erevans wavida, lekebi ki bSi kotliarevskim gadalaxa TrialeTis Tov-
didi xania gaiqcneno. liT dafaruli mTebi, 1811 wlis 7 dekembers
moulodnelad aleqsandr tormasovma osmaleTis sazRvars miuaxlovda da axalqa-
axalcixes alya moxsna da Tbilisisaken gamo- laqidan 25 versis moSorebiT SeCerda, raTa
brunda. alyis ucabedad moxsnis mizezi Savi egerTa batalionis mosvlas dalodeboda. 7
Wiris epidemia iyo. Savma Wirma pirvelad eqvsi dekembrisaTvis kotliarevskis gankargule-
qarTveli molaSqre imsxverpla, varaudoben, baSi iyo 1.133 qveiTi da 100 kazaki. kotria-
rom Savi Wiri imereTidan zekaris uReltex- levskim mTeli jari sam kolonad gayo: erT
iliT gadmosulma simonoviCis jarma moitana kolonas saTaveSi Tavad Caudga, meore kol-
(Savi Wiri imereTSi 1809-1811 wlebSi mZvinva- onis meTauroba egerTa me-16 polkis pod-
rebda). tormasovma saswrafod brZaneba gaug- polkovnik stepanovs miando, xolo mesamisa
zavna saqarTvelos mmarTvel general-maior _ qarTvel grenaderTa polkis podpolkovnik
fiodor axverdovs da polkovnik karl stals
stals:: uSakovs.. yovel kolonaSi 200 grenaderi iyo.
uSakovs
saqarTveloSi Semomaval yvela gzaze karan- garda 3 kolonisa, kotliarevskim kidev Ca-
tini daaweseTo. moayaliba 3 razmi, TiToeuli 30 mebrZolis
amrigad, axalcixeze warmatebiT dawye- SemadgenlobiT. am razmebis daniSnuleba iyo
buli laSqroba Savi Wiris gamo moulodne- cru ieriSebis wamowyeba da mowinaaRmdegis
lad Sewyda da samcxe-saaTabagodan osmalTa SecdomaSi Seyvana. qveiTTa 1 batalioni ax-
gandevna ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis alqalaqis axlos mdebare ori soflis dasa-
omamde gadaido. kaveblad gaigzavna.
laSqroba axalqalaqze.
axalqalaqze. ruseT-osmale- 1811 wlis 7 dekembers gvian saRamos
Tis omis balkaneTis frontze brZolebi 1811 rusebma sibneliT isargebles, 2 versi swrafad
welsac rusebis gamarjvebiT warimarTa. 1811 gairbines da axalqalaqis cixis kedlebs mi-
wlis 1 oqtombers osmalebma silistriis Zl- uaxlovdnen. ieriSis win kotrialevskim me-
ieri cixe-simagre Caabares. omi dasasruls brZolebi erTi saaTiT daasvena. cixis ieriSi
uaxlovdeboda. saqarTvelos axalma mTa- 8 dekembers Ramis 2 saaTze daiwyo. osmale-
varsardalma filip pauluCim ruseTis samx- bi Setevas ar elodnen. Ramis 3 saaTisaTvis
edro ministri axalqalaqis dakavebis aucile- rusebma cixis kedeli gadalaxes da osmalTa 2
blobaSi daarwmuna da nebarTvis miRebis Sem- batareis xelSi Cagdeba moaxerxes. amis Semdeg
deg laSqroba dagegma. samxedro eqspedicias naxevari saaTis ganmavlobaSi rusebma cita-
saTaveSi Caudga qarTvel grenaderTa polkis deli da mTeli cixe daikaves. gamarjvebulebs
245
didi alafi xvdaT: 19 zarbazani, 131 fuTi omis damTavrebas Cqarobda. ruseT-safrange-
Tofis wamali da didi raodenobiT zarbaznis Tis omi kars iyo momdgari, or frontze br-
yumbarebi. axalqalaqis garnizoni mTlianad Zola ki ruseTs ar SeeZlo, amitom igi zavze
gaJlites, garda tyved danebebuli 45 mebr- dasTanxmda.
Zolisa. rusebis danaklisi Zalze mcire iyo: 2. ruseT-osmaleTis 1812 wlis 16 maisis
daiRupa 1 umcrosi oficeri, daiWra 1 ufrosi sazavo xelSekruleba (buqarestis traqtati)
traqtati)..
oficeri, 2 umcrosi oficeri da 26 rigiTi. 1812 wlis 16 maiss buqarestSi ruseTis im-
axalqalaqis cixis SenarCunebisaTvis periasa da osmaleTs Soris daido sazavo
aucilebeli iyo iq garnizonis datoveba, ma- xelSekruleba. buqarestis sazavo xelSek-
gram Tbilisidan garnizonis proviantiT mo- rulebis mesame muxlSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom
marageba SeuZlebeli iyo. piotr kotrialevs- ucvleli rCeboda ruseTsa da osmaleTs
kis afiqrebda isic, rom egerTa 46-e polkis Soris adre dadebuli yvela xelSekruleba.
batalioni jer kidev ar Canda, ar Canda ka- sazavo xelSekrulebiT ruseTma miiRo be-
zakTa razmic. polkovniki iZulebuli gaxda sarabia. ruseT-osmaleTis sazavo xelSek-
egerTa batalionis mosaZebnad oficeri gae- ruleba saqarTvelosac Seexo. osmaleTma
gzavna, romelsac batalioni axalqalaqidan cno qarTl-kaxeTis samefos, imereTis samefos,
20 versis manZilze mdebare sofel koTeliaSi guriis, samegrelosa da afxazeTis samTavroe-
unda mieyvana. 1811 wlis 9 dekembers kotria- bis gadasvla ruseTis mflobelobaSi. sazavo
levski sofel koTeliaSi Cavida, magram iq xelSekrulebis meeqvse muxlSi aRniSnuli
mosaxleoba ar daxvda da iZulebuli gaxda iyo, rom ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvari aziaSi
jari isev axalqalaqSi daebrunebina. sursa- (e.i samxreT kavkasiaSi) unda aRdgeniliyo
Tis (purisa da xorcis) momaragebis mizniT omamdeli saxiT. ruseTs osmaleTisaTvis unda
kotrialevski qarTvel grenaderTa polkis daebrunebina dakavebuli cixe-simagreebi, qa-
800 mebrZoliT, 60 egeriT, 150 kazakiTa da laqebi, dabebi da soflebi. ruseTma osma-
2 qvemexiT maxlobeli soflebis Semovlas leTs daubruna foTi da axalqalaqi
axalqalaqi,, magram
Seudga. jariskacebma xelT igdes 1.000 cx- SeinarCuna soxumi
soxumi.. sabolood ruseTs darCa
vari da 60 msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi. xor- Savi zRvis sanapiro redut-kaledan (yulevi-
bali imdenad mcire raodenobiT iqna mopove- dan) soxumamde. zRvis sanapiro zoli mdinare
buli, rom axalqalaqis garnizons 1812 wlis xobis SesarTavidan (redut-kaledan) mdinare
1 Tebervlamde Tu eyofoda. kotliarevskim rionis SesarTavamde (foTamde) ar gamijnula.
axalqalaqSi maior borSCevis meTaurobiT 3. ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 wlebis omis
egerTa 46-e batalioni da 30 kazaki datova. dasasruli. ruseTi iranis damarcxebas ad-
ruseTis jari axalqalaqidan walkis gavliT vilad SeZlebda, magram omi iranTan gaaWi-
gorSi dabrunda. anura 1806 wels dawyebulma ruseT-osmale-
osmalebma isargebles imiT, rom ruseTis Tis omma. ruseT-osmaleTis omis dasrulebis
jarebi 1812 wlis ianvarSi kaxeTSi dawyebuli Semdeg iranis mdgomareoba kvlav kritikuli
ajanyebis CaxSobiT iyvnen dakavebuli da re- gaxda. miuxedavad amisa, irani oms agrZeleb-
vanSis aReba gadawyvites. axalcixis faSa Ser- da. 1812 wels iranis jari abas mirzas meTau-
ifma 5.000 mebrZoli Sekriba da 1812 wlis 21 robiT yarabaRSi SeiWra. 1812 wlis 9 agvistos
Tebervals axalqalaqis Sturmi daiwyo. oTx- iranis sardalma emir xanma 20.000 mebrZoliT
saaTnaxevriani brZolis Semdeg faSa darwmun- alya Semoartya lenqoranis cixes. maiorma
da, rom cixes ver aiRebda da xerTvisis cixe- povaliSinma mowinaaRmdegis mravalricxovan
Si dabrunda. Serif faSa axalqalaqze meore ZalebTan SebrZoleba ver gabeda da cixeSi
Setevis dawyebas apirebda, magram rodesac Caiketa. povaliSinma general-maior piotr
kaxeTSi ajanyebis damarcxebis ambavi Seityo, kotliarevskis sTxova daxmareba. kotli-
axalqalaqis dabrunebaze xeli aiRo. arevskim jari moamzada, magram 1812 wlis 10
ruseTma warmatebebi moipova omis mTa- agvistos mdinare araqsis marjvena napirze
var frontze, dunaispireTsa da balkaneTSi. nejef yuli xanis sardlobiT iranelTa jari
1811 wels ruseTis armia Setevaze gadavida gamoCnda, amitom kotliarevskim lenqoranze
da ramdenime brZolaSi osmaleTis jarebi sas- laSqoba veRar SeZlo.
tikad daamarcxa. omis gagrZeleba osmaleTs irani cdilobda ruseTTan zavi, marcxis
sasikeTos arafers uqadda, magram ruseTi miuxedavad, momgebian pirobebSi daedo. sazavo
246
vaxtang guruli
molaparakeba ramdenjerme CaiSala. 1812 wlis vaT. ruseTis mflobelobaSi gadadioda mTe-
21 agvistos saqarTvelos mTavarsardali niko- li daRestani
daRestani.. iranma aRiara qarTl-kaxeTis
gulistanis zaviT (1813 w.) dadgenili sazRvari
lai rtiSCevi 3.000 mebrZoliT Tbilisidan samefos, imereTis samefos, guriis, samegre-
gavida, raTa iranelebi yarabaRidan ganedevna. losa da afxazeTis samTavroebis gadasvla ru-
abas mirzam rtiSCevs ramdenjerme dauniSna seTis mflobelobaSi.
mflobelobaSi. rac Seexeba gulisTanis
Sexvedris dro da adgili, Tumca sabolood sazavo xelSekrulebiT samxreT kavkasiaSi
molaparakeba mainc ar Sedga. ramdenime br- ruseT-iranis sazRvris dadgenas, aq bevri ram
ZolaSi rusebma iranelebi daamarcxes, xolo bundovani iyo. xelSekrulebis meore muxlis
aslanduzis axlos mniSvnelovani gamarjveba mixedviT, ruseT-iranis sazRvari iwyeboda
moipoves. amis Semdeg ruseT-iranis omSi mniS- adinebazarTan da pirdapiri xaziT gadioda mu-
vnelovani brZolebi aRar gamarTula. Ranis velze, miuyveboda mdinare araqss im adg-
4. ruseT-iranis 1813 wlis 24 oqtombris ilamde, sadac araqss mdinare qafnaqCai erTvis,
sazavi xelSekruleba (gulisTanis traqtati). Semdeg sazRvari gasdevda yarabaRis, naxWevnis,
1813 wlis 24 oqtombers sofel gulisTanSi erevnis saxanoebis sazRvrebs da Suragelis
xeli moewera ruseT-iranis sazavo xelSek- provinciidan mdinare arpaCaimde grZeldebo-
rulebas. gulisTanis sazavo xelSekrulebis da. es ki imas niSnavda, rom saqarTvelos is-
mesame muxlis ZaliT, ruseTis mflobelobaSi toriuli teritoria War-belaqani iranma ru-
gadadioda yarabaRisa da ganjis saxanoebi, Saq- seTs dauTmo. marTalia, War-belaqani ruse-
is, Sirvanis, derbentis, yubis, baqos da TaliSis Tis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi gadavida, magram
saxanoebis is teritoriebi, romlebic omis iq ruseTs jari ar Seuyvania, administraciac
dasrulebis droisaTvis ruseTis jarebs eka- iranisa darCa.
247
Tavi XIII. 1812 wlis ajanyeba kaxeTSi
§1. ajanyebis mizezebi da dasawyisi tiki da araadamianuri xasiaTi gaxda mizezi

1802 wlis kaxeTis politikuri gamosvlisa,
ruseTis xelisuflebam 1804 wels aR-
1804 wlis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiane-
mosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi ajanyebis
Tis ajanyebisa da bolos, 1812 wlis kaxeTis
damarcxeba ki SeZlo, magram ajanyebis
ajanyebisa. rusuli mmarTvelobiT gamowveu-
gamowvevi mizezebi darCa
darCa. e.i kvlav rCeboda
li autaneli mdgomareoba kidev ufro
mizezi axali ajanyebis dawyebisaTvis. kax-
daamZima ruseT-iranisa (1804-1813) da ruseT-
eTis Tavadebma, aznaurebma da samRvdeloe-
osmaleTis (1806-1812) omebma, 1810 wlidan qa-
bam pirveli protesti qarTl-kaxeTis same-
rTlsa da kaxeTSi gavrcelebulma Savma Wirma,
fos gauqmebisa da rusuli mmarTvelobis
1811 wlis mousavlianobam, rasac Sedegad mo-
SemoRebis gamo 1802 wlis politikuri gamos-
hyva SimSili. verc Savi Wiri da verc SimSili
vliT gamoxates, xolo 1804 wels aqtiurad
aseTi masStabis ajanyebas ver gamoiwvevda, rom
dauWira mxari aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
ar arsebuliyo am ajanyebis umTavresi mizezi:
mTianeTSi mimdinare ajanyebas, kerZod, far-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba da rusuli
navaz batoniSvilis brZolas ruseTis winaaRm-
mmarTvelobis mier damkvidrebuli autaneli
deg. kaxeTis Tavadebi, aznaurebi, samRvdeloe-
samxedro-administraciuli reJimi.
reJimi. SeiareRe-
ba da saerTod, mTeli mosaxleoba ver Seegua
buli gamosvlis mizezebSi ukeT garkvevisaT-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebasa da rusuli
vis aucilebelia ajanyebis wina xanebSi Seqm-
mmarTvelobis damyarebas.
damyarebas. es aSkarad igrZno-
nili viTarebis mimoxilva.
boda 1802 wlis politikuri gamosvlis damar-
Savi Wiri.
Wiri. aleqsandr tormasovis nacv-
cxebis Semdegac. ruseTis xelisufleba wuTi-
lad 1811 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos mTa-
Tac ar dafiqrebula imaze, Tu ram gamoiwvia
varsardlad daniSnuli filip pauluCi pe-
politikuri gamosvla kaxeTSi, ratom dauWira
terburgs moaxsenebda, rom qveyanaSi rTuli
mxari kaxeTis mosaxleobam farnavaz batoniS-
viTareba iyo Seqmnili. mTavarsardlis azriT,
vils. swored amis mizezi iyo is, rom rusu-
Savma Wirma saqarTvelo umZimes mdgomareo-
li mmarTveloba kvlav agrZelebda qarTuli
baSi Caagdo. epidemia qarTl-kaxeTSi 1810
tradiciebisa da adaT-wesebis ugulelyofas.
wlis bolos axalcixeze laSqrobidan dab-
usamarTloba, Zalmomreoba da mosaxleo-
runebulma jarma moitana. axalcixis alyaze
bis yvela fenis abuCad agdeba yoveldRiuri
mdgar jarSi Savi Wiri, rogorc aRvniSneT,
cxovrebis normad iqca, Sedegmac ar daayovna:
imereTidan gadmosul ruseTis jars unda
1812 wels rusebis winaaRmdeg kaxeTSi didi
Semohyoloda. Tumca arsebobs versia, rom
ajanyeba daiwyo. kaxeTis ajanyeba praqtiku-
moaruli seni axalcixeSi osmaleTidan gavr-
lad saqarTvelos mTavarsardal aleqsandr
celda. kidev erTi versiiT, Savi Wiri saqa-
tormasovis (1809-1811) mmarTvelobis wlebSi
rTveloSi jer imereTSi, Semdeg kaxeTsa da
momwifda, Tumca daiwyo igi 1811 wlis se-
qarTlSi Crdilo kavkasiidan, qalaq derben-
qtemberSi, roca saqarTvelodan gawveuli
tidan, Semovida. axalcixesTan ruseTis jarSi
tormasovis nacvlad mTavarsardlad filip
Savi Wiris gaCenis Semdeg, rogorc aRvniSneT,
pauluCi (1811-1812) daniSnes. filip pauluCis
aleqsandr tormasovma laSqroba Sewyvita
mmarTveloba sul ramdenime Tve (1811 wlis
da TbilisSi dabrunda. saqarTvelos mTa-
seqtemberi-1812 wlis Tebervali) gagrZelda.
varsardlis brZanebis Tanaxmad, saswrafod
ajanyebulebis winaaRmdeg brZola da misi Cax-
Seiqmna karantinebi sofel WalaSi (gorTan),
Soba ki wilad xvda 1812 wlis aprilSi saqarT-
mcxeTasa da sofel dmanisSi
dmanisSi.. TbilisSi sami
veloSi Camosul axal mTavarsardal nikolai
karantini Seiqmna: abanoTubanSi
abanoTubanSi,, avlabarsa da
rtiSCevs (1812-1816).
wavkisis gzaze. miuxedavad amisa, 1811 wels
1. ajanyebis mizezebi. 1812 wlis kaxeTis
kaxeTsa da qarTlSi Savma Wirma imsxverpla
ajanyebas, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, erTi
2.042 mamakaci, 1.646 qali, 567 bavSvi. Savi Wir-
umTavresi mizezi hqonda: qarTl-kaxeTis
iT daavadebulTagan ganikurna: 514 mamakaci,
samefos gauqmeba da rusuli mmarTvelobis
531 qali da 155 bavSvi. xelisuflebas daa-
damyareba.. rusuli mmarTvelobis, samxedro-
damyareba
vadebis eWviT karantinSi hyolia gaCerebuli-
biurokratiuli reJimis autanloba, misi sas-
janmrTeli adamianebi, 266 mamakaci, 276 qali,
248
vaxtang guruli
89 bavSvi. karantinSi sruliad jansaRi ada- cala mosaxleobisagan, mosaxleoba sazrdos

mianebic gauCerebiaT: 393 mamakaci, 410 qali, ZiebaSi mezobel provinciebs Seexizna. iran-
31 bavSvi. Savi Wiris mZvinvarebis periodSi Tan mimdinare omis pirobebSi muslim flo-
mosaxleoba qalaqebs tovebda da soflebsa belTa razmebi xSirad SemoiWrebodnen xolme
da tyeebs afarebda Tavs. 1811 wlis Semod- saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi da SimSilisagan
gomaze kaxeTsa da qarTlSi 10.000 ltolvili gatanjul mosaxleobas xorblis ukanasknel
iyo. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma Savi Wir- maragsa da jogs stacebdnen.
is epidemiasTan sabrZolvelad TbilisSi sa-
gangebo komiteti _ `mcxovrebTa janmrTelo-
baze mzrunveli komiteti~_ daaarsa, romlis
Tavmjdomared somexi meliqi darCo bebuTovi
dainiSna. komitetis wevrebi iyvnen: Tbili-
sis komendanti podpolkovniki levencovi
levencovi,,
saeqimo gamgeobis inspeqtori eqimi rizenko
rizenko,,
samxedro eqimi pribili
pribili,, Tbilisis polic-
maisteri da Tbilisis erTi sapatio moqalaqe.
marTalia, filip pauluCis darCo bebuTovi
saimedo kacad miaCnda, magram es ukanaskneli
gamocdil eqimebs sisxls uSrobda: Sav Wirs
karantiniT ver davamarcxebT da avadmyofebs
ZmriTa da marilwyliT unda vumkurnaloTo.
mosaxleobac erideboda karantinSi moxve-
dras da cdilobda, rogorme misi gverdis
avliT Sesuliyo an gasuliyo qalaqebidan,
maT Soris Tbilisidan. miuxedavad amisa,
karantinebma Savi Wiris gavrceleba Seaferxa.
1812 wlis 5 aprils filip pauluCi gaxare-
buli auwyebda peterburgs: Savi Wiri sru-
liad moispo, SiSi aRarafrisaa, fulic bevri filip pauluCi
ar dagvixarjavso. saqarTvelos mTavarsard-
lis sixaruli naadrevi aRmoCnda. Savi Wiris ruseTis xelisuflebas ukiduresad
kerebi kidev mravlad iyo qarTlsa da kax- gauWirda saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli ja-
eTSi, drodadro epidemia kvlav ifeTqebda. ris Tundac mxolod puriT gamokveba. jaris
magaliTad, 1815 wels Savi WiriT adamianebi gamokvebis sakiTxi 1811 wels ar damdgara.
gardaicvalnen soflebSi: varianSi, eredvSi, aleqsandr tormasovma saqarTvelos mTa-
zertSi, sasireTSi, qvemo xandakSi, doesSi, qvax- varsardloba rom filip pauluCis Caabara,
vrelSi, wilkanSi, mWadijvarsa da qalaq gorSi. garkveviT ganucxada: jarisaTvis sursaTze
Savi Wiris epidemiis bolo kerebi mxolod zrunva saWiro araa, radgan xorbali ukve
1816 wels moispo. Sesyidulia da sawyobebSia moTavsebulio.
mousavlianoba da SimSili.
SimSili. 1811 wels Savi tormasovi ar tyuoda. man xorblis Sesasy-
Wiris gavrcelebis gamo Seqmnili rTuli vi- idad sakmaod didi Tanxa gamoyo, romelic,
Tareba kidev ufro daamZima mousavlianobam, dadgenili wesis Tanaxmad, xorblis Semsy-
romelmac SimSili gamoiwvia. 1811 wlis zaf- idvelebs (komisionerebs) gadaeca. komisio-
xulSi dawyebeulma didma wvimebma qarTlsa nerebma xorbali ar Seisyides, gamoyofili
da kaxeTSi mka Seaferxa da xorblis mosavlis Tanxis mxolod mcire nawili bes saxiT misces
didi nawili gaanadgura. glexebs, danarCeni fuli isev SemsyidvelebT-
saqarTveloSi SimSili mZvinvarebda, an inaxeboda. 1811 wlis mousavlianobis gamo
Tavdapirvelad fqvilis fasma warmoudgen- xorblis fasi warmoudgenlad gaizarda. ase
lad aiwia, xolo Semdeg fqvili saerTod rom, tormasovis mier gamoyofili Tanxa
gaqra Tbilisisa da sxva qalaqebis bazrebi- Semsyidvelebs aucilebeli xorblis mcire
dan. adamianebi balaxiTa da xis fesvebiT ikve- nawilis SesyidvisTvisac ki aRar eyofodaT.
bebodnen. bambaki da Surageli saerTod dai- am viTarebaSi komisionerebma darCenili fu-
249
lic miiTvises, filip pauluCi ki moatyues: fiqrobdnen, rom `tuzemcebi

tuzemcebi~ unda ganimsWval-
miRebuli Tanxa Cven mTlianad glexebisaT- non madlierebis grZnobiT da sityvis Seu-
vis gvqonda darigebuli, glexebi ki amjerad bruneblad aasrulon maTi Jini, axireba da gu-
uars amboben xorblis Cabarebazeo. cxadi gax- lisTqma, Tund, rom nametani da znes gadasuli
da, rom Tu raRac sagangebo zomebi ar iqne- iyos es jinianoba da gulisTqma. meqrTameobas
boda miRebuli, saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli da fulis ukanono moxveWas sazRvari ar hqon-
ruseTis jaris mxolod puriT gamokvebac ki da. qrTamis aRebaSi yoveli ridi da Tavazianoba
SeuZlebeli gaxdeboda. moispo~. TviT saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
moispo
rus samxedro da samoqalaqo moxele- filip pauluCi 1812 wlis 22 martiT daTari-
Ta TviTneboba.
TviTneboba. Savi Wirisa da SimSilis pi- Rebul oficialur moxsenebaSi ase axasiaTebs
robebSi mosaxleobam kidev ufro mwvaved rus moxeleebs: `ùnamusoba
unamusoba sufevs aqaur ru-
igrZno rusuli mmarTvelobis, samxedro-bi- sis moxeleTa Soris, RmerTi amaT ara swamT da
urokratiuli reJimis usamarTloba da Zal- jvari, isini mraval danaSauls kadruloben~.
kadruloben
momreoba. yovelgvar zRvars gadadiodnen cxadia, Savma Wirma da SimSilma borotmoq-
rusi samoqalaqo da samxedro moxeleebi. am medebisaTvis ufro farTo asparezi gauxsna
ganukiTxaobis Sesaxeb kargad uwyoda ale- rus moxeleebs.
qsandr tormasovma. 1811 wels saqarTvelos egzekucia kaxeTSi
kaxeTSi.. kaxeTis mosaxleoba
mTavarsardali suramSi Casula, magram sa- SimSilobda. imereTSi, qarTlsa da kaxeTSi
muSao adgilze samazro policiis arc erTi ganlagebul ruseTis jarSic male SimSili
moxele ar daxvedria. arada, am droisaTvis daiwyeboda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
qarTlSi Savi Wiri da SimSili mZvinvarebda. saqarTvelos mmarTvelis movaleobis Sems-
suramidan tormasovma werili gamougzavna rulebels general-maior karl stals jari-
saqarTvelos mmarTvel general-maior fio- saTvis xorblis damzadeba daavala. stalma
dor axverdovs.
axverdovs. aRSfoTebuli mTavarsardali sakiTxis gadaWris ioli gza gamonaxa. mas
werda: bolo mouRe moxeleTa daudevrobas, sjeroda, rom xorblis damzadeba kaxeTSi mx-
usamarTlobas, usaqmurobas, radgan samazro olod egzekuciis gagzavniT SeiZleboda, isic
policiaze garyvnili da gafuWebuli sxva ara icoda, rom filip pauluCi aseT gadamWrel
meguleba rao. rogor unda yofiliyo saqa- zomebze jerjerobiT ar wavidoda, amitom
rTvelos mTavarsardali aRSfoTebuli, rom iyo, miznis miRwevisaTvis aseTi gza airCia.
axverdovs emuqreboda: Tu policiis muSao- karl stalma saqarTvelos mTavarsardals
bas ar gaaumjobeseb, imperators vacnobebo. moaxsena: siRnaRis mazris glexebi Tanaxma
cxadia, saqarTvelos mmarTvels ar SeeZlo arian mxolod 10.000 kodi xorbali Caabaron,
samazro policiebis muSaobis gaumjobeseba, oRond im pirobiT, rom Cabarebuli xorblis
Tu ratom, es Zalian kargad aqvs axsnili mTeli raodenobis erTi mesamedi qeri iqne-
erT Tanamedroves, ruseTis jaris mTavari bao. rogorc stali aRniSnavda, verc bod-
Stabis kapitan n. s. anosovs.
anosovs. misi azriT, `ka-
`ka- belma mitropolitma ioanem da verc siRnaRis
vkasiaSi modiodnen mometebul nawilad isini, mazris kapitan-ispravnikma sorokinma glexebi
vinc cxovrebas gaeriya, visac aRar edgomeboda ver daiTanxmes, rom 10.000 kodi xorbali ki
Suagul ruseTSi, saeWvo zneobisani, xarbni da ar unda CaebarebinaT, aramed 40.000 kodi, ro-
gaumaZRarni, vercxlis moyvareni da angare- gorc es adre iyo dadgenili. stali pauluCis
biT savseni, SebRaluli saxelisa da reputa- moaxsenebda, rom glexebi imitom jiutoben,
ciisani. isini xalisiT modiodnen kavkasiaSi rom maT Cven winaaRmdeg Tavadebi aqezebeno
im imediT, rom am mouwyobel qveyanaSi qvena da kaxeTis soflebSi egzekuciis Cayenebis
grZnobebs daikmayofilebdnen, qveyanaSi, sadac uflebas iTxovda. moxseneba egzekuciis Cay-
RmerTi Zalian maRla imyofeboda, mefe ki _ mi- enebis uflebis TxovniT stalma filip pau-
uwvdomel siSoreze~.
siSoreze SesaniSnavad axasiaTebs luCis 1811 wlis agvistoSi miarTva. saqarT-
am gaunaTlebel, uxeS da gabRenZil rus mox- velos mTavarsardali daeTanxma generlis
eleebs kapitani n. s. anosovi: `moxeleni
`moxeleni Tavi- mosazrebas da 1811 wlis seqtember-oqtomb-
anT Tavs ise uyurebdnen, rogorc qarTvelebis erSi kaxeTis soflebSi egzekuciebis gagzavna
`keTilismyofelT
keTilismyofelT~,, `gamabednierebelT
gamabednierebelT~ da daiwyo.
`mxsnelT
mxsnelT~.. amis gamo maT ridi da xaTri ar hqon- kaxeTSi egzekuciebis Cayenebas rusi
daT, ar eridebodnen adgilobriv mkvidrT da oficrebisa da jariskacebis mxridan Zalmom-
250
vaxtang guruli
reobisa da sisastikis axali talRa mohyva, mas jarisaTvis xorblis Cabarebis dros Tavi-
amgvari ganukiTxaobis uamravi magaliTia si sawyao moutania da glexebisaTvis uTqvams:
Semonaxuli imdroindel dokumentebSi. sawyaoSi erTi fuTi xorbali Cadiso, sinamd-
soflebis bodbisxevisa da bodbis vileSi aRmoCnda, rom sawyao gacilebiT didi
mcxovreblebi siRnaRis mazris mouravTan Ta- iyo.
vad ioseb andronikaSvilTan Ciodnen: sofel prasianis mcxovreblebma siRnaRis
1. suli amogvxada usamarTlobam, amdeni mazris mourav ioseb andronikaSvils aseTi
uRvTooba da ubedureba lekianobis, yizil- saCivari miarTves:
baSobisa da osmalobis dros ar yofila, 1. jarisaTvis xorbali unda gagveRo, ma-
yvelafers viTmendiT da vitandiT, sanam gram rac ar gvqonda, ras mivcemdiT; iZule-
colebi ar wagvarTves. rusebma coli waarTves buli gavxdiT, xorbali gveyida, litraSi
binobaSvils, ori kvira hyavdaT bodbisxevSi 40 kapiks vixdidiT, rusi moxeleebi ki erT
da Semdeg gamouSves; colebi waarTves baRaS- litra xorbals 7,5 an 10 kapikad ibarebdnen;
vilsa da xopaSvils. TiTo kvira hyavdaT da xorblis gadasatanad erTi urmis qirad ruse-
Semdeg gamouSves, colebis gaupatiureba maT bi 6 maneTs angariSobdnen, maSin rodesac 30
TavianTi TvaliT ixiles; rusebi dedakacebs maneTi gvijdeboda; rusebi uremze zomaze
aSiSvlebdnen da joxebiT scemdneno. met tvirTs awyobdnen ise, rom cud amindSi
Zaladobisa da qalebis gaupatiurebis urems daZvra uWirda, gabrazebuli jaris-
garda, bodbisxevelebs sxva ubedurebac daa- kacebi uRelSi gvabamdnen da cema-tyepiT
tydaT Tavs. soflis mcxovrebni ioseb an- migverekebodnen; rusi moxeleebi zogierTi
dronikaSvils moaxsenebdnen: Cveni urmebiT soflisagan qrTams iRebdnen da urmis begari-
foTSi sursaTi gadagvatanines, sul 15 uremi sagan aTavisuflebdnen, tvirTi, romelic im
iyo, meurmeTa naxevari gzaSi daixoca, vinc sofels unda gadaetana, Cven gadagvqonda;
cocxali gadarCa, yvelas xel-fexi aqvs moy- ori dRiT rom unda gaveyvaneT begaraze, sami
inuli. sofel bodbisxevidan meurmeebi ja- Tve gagvaCeres; arc adamianebs da arc xar-ka-
risaTvis sursaTis gadasatanad erevanSi, gi- meCs sakvebs ar gvaZlevdnen, arc sakvebis mo-
umrsa da ganjaSi gaugzavniaT. iq wasul meur- satanad gviSvebdnen, adamianebi da pirutyvi
meebs yaraulebad iyenebdnen, xolo xSirad SimSiliT vixocebodiT; xar-kameCi Tu daixo-
sabrZolveladac gahyavdaT. ceboda, uremSi Cven gvabamdnen da maTraxis
general-maior semion portniagins cemiT migverekebodneno;
sofel bodbisxevSi egzekucia Cauyenebia da 2. sofel prasianis mcxovreblebi gan-
vidre mosaxleobas 15 uremi xorbali, 4 uremi sakuTrebiT gauwamebia general-maior se-
qeri, Rvino da saqoneli ar miucia, jari ar mion portniagins, siRnaRis mazris kapitan-
gauyvania; ispravnik sorokinsa da sofel yaraRajis
2. sofel bodbes mcxovreb gogia oTa- mouravs. maT zamTarSi sofelSi jari Caay-
raSvils brali dasdes, Seni naTesavi gaiq- enes da misi gamokveba mosaxleobas daakisres.
cao, daatusaRes da sanam 180 maneTi ar gamo- miuxedavad imisa, rom mosaxleoba jaris-
arTves, ar gaaTavisufles. lazare xunaSvili kacebs sasmel-saWmels aZlevda, maTraxebiT
umizezod daatusaRes da mas Semdeg gaaTavi- cemas mainc ver gadaurCnen. ojaxebSi Casa-
sufles, rac 70 maneTi gadaixada. datusaReba xlebuli jariskacebi aupatiurebdnen qalebs.
moundomes gogia xunaSvils, magram man gaqce- rusi moxeleebi miwis gamijvnisa da sarwyavi
va moaswro, gabrazebulma rusebma mis ojaxs wylis gamoyenebis wesis dadgenis dros gangeb
60 maneTi gadaaxdevines. sruliad umizezod wahkidebdnen erTmaneTs soflebs da Semdeg
daatusaRes abraam ZmanaSvili da sanam 70 ma- im sofels gaamarTlebdnen, romelic 400-600
neTi qrTami ar gaiRo, ar gaaTavisufles. da- maneTs qrTams gadaixdida;
Tia baRaSvilma, gogiaSvilma da nodaraSvilma 3. Tu gaqceul soflis mcxovrebs
80-80 maneTi gadaixades da ase daixsnes Tavi ver daapatimrebdnen, jarimas sofels ax-
satusaRodan. 70 maneTad gaaTavisufles sa- devinebdnen. Tu sofeli udanaSaulod
tusaRodan gogia baRaSvili; dapatimrebulis gaTavisuflebas moiTxovda,
3. sofel bodbisxevis mcxovreblebi Ci- qrTamad 400 maneTs sTxovdnen.
odnen, siRnaRis mazris kapitan-ispravniki qr- sofel mirzaanis mcxovreblebi siRnaRis
Tamis aRebis gareSe karebsac ki ar gagiRebso. mazris mourav ioseb andronikaSvils SesCiodnen
SesCiodnen::
251
1. rusebi colebs gvtaceben, qmrebs xel- komisiaSi Sesuli masalebis nawili Cven zemoT
fexs ukraven da colebs maT Tvalwin aupati- warmovadgineT. am masalebidan Zalze sain-
ureben; teresoa rusTvel mTavarepiskopos stefanes
stefanes,,
2. sofelSi kapitani maJarovi Cagviyenes bodbel mitropolit ioanesa da qarTl-kaxe-
jariT, jari Svidi kviraa sofelSia, agviklo Tis Tavadaznaurobis marSal (winamZRol) gen-
da dagvawioka maJarovma; mamakacebi soflidan eral-maior Tavad Tamaz orbelianis pasuxebi
gadaikargnen, radgan visac daiWerdnen, cemiT filip pauluCis kiTxvaze, Tu ram gamoiwvia
xdidnen suls; rusebma saqoneli aRar ikmares kaxeTis ajanyeba. rusTvel mTavarepiskopos
da qaTmebsac gvarTmeven; mTvrali jariskace- stefanes pasuxebidan moviyvanT ramdenime
bi sofelSi daTareSoben da dedakacebsac adgils:
aRar indoben; sofelSi qorwili iyo, kapitan- 1. kaxeTSi dabanakebuli ruseTis jaris
ma maJarovma 40 jariskaci gagzavna, mayrioni ufrosi, agreTve misi xelqveiTebi, ubralo
da meqorwileni cema-tyepiT daaxocina; serJantebic ki, glexebs ise eqceodnen, ro-
3. zamTrobiT saxlSi sami welia, TiTo an gorc yurmoWril ymas da ise imsaxurebdnen,
or jariskacs gvisaxlebdnen, danaxarji fu- rogorc surdaT. samsaxursa da ymobas ar
liT unda gadaexadaT, fulis nacvlad ofi- sjerdebodnen, xalxs awvalebdnen da tan-
cerma gvcema, mere qaRaldze xeli mogvawe- javdnen, saqonelsac ki ar indobdnen. Seu-
rina imis dasturad, rom viTom mTeli danax- braleblad da uRvTod ekidebodnen, rogorc
arji miviReT; adamians, ise saqonels. es xdeboda ara aTasSi
4. erTi kviris nacvlad TveobiT viya- erTxel, aramed yoveldRiurad. xalxis saso-
viT begaraze, Tu cudi amindi mogviswrebda, warkveTas dasasruli ar uCanda;
saqoneli gveJliteboda da Sin cariel-tari- 2. gaifurCqneboda Tu ara vazi, jaris-
eli vbrundebodiT; kacebi mieseodnen venaxebs da Semoafcqvnid-
5. xorblis mimRebs sofelSi mohqonda nen xolme kvirtsa da foTols, romelsac
sawyao, romelic erT fuT xorbals itevda; saWmlis gasamJaveblad iyenebdnen. xalxi Tavs
xorbals avwyavdiT da Casabareblad waviReb- iklavda da braziT gulze skdeboda, venaxebis
diT, sawyobSi ki sxva sawyao dagvxvdeboda, gaveranebas rom Sehyurebda;
romelSic erT fuTze bevrad meti Cadioda, 3. xorblis mimRebni raRas aRar sCa-
Cven ki erT fuTad gviangariSebdnen. diodnen: 20-kodian erT urem xorbals 15 ko-
kaxeTis soflebSi Cayenebulma egzeku- dad iRebdnen; sawyaos fexiT an didi ketebiT
ciam glexebi gaaborota da araadamianuri stenidnen, rac SeiZleba meti xorbali Cavides
sisastikisken ubiZga. ajanyebis dawyebis Sem- Sigo; Tu glexs xorbali ar hqonda, xorblis
deg siRnaRSi Seipyres maiori hainehaine,, niJni mimRebs komisionerisagan aRebul bes ukan
novgorodis dragunTa polkis meTauri maio- ubrunebda, TiTo kod xorbalze 2 maneTs, ma-
ri podlogi da ramdenime oficeri. ajanye- gram mimRebi 2 maneTsa da 40 kapiks iTxovda;
bulebma maT enebi moaWres da gadaaylapes, xorblis Casabareblad misul glexebs sawyob-
xolo Semdeg nakuw-nakuw aCexes. es ambavi Tan 2-3 kviras aCerebdnen, xorbals maSin Cai-
filip pauluCim saswrafod moaxsena ruseTis barebdnen, Tu glexi qrTams miscemda;
imperator aleqsandr I-s. 4. Tu jarisaTvis mosaxleobas yazarmas
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba da ru- an Tavlas aaSenebinebdnen, rusebi agebul
suli mmarTvelobis, samxedro-saokupacio Senobebs angrevdnen im mizeziT, rom kari an
reJimis sisastike zemoT CamoTvlil movle- fanjara Tavis adgilze ar iyo;
nebTan erTad (Savi Wiri, mousavlianoba da 5. soflad Cayenebul jaris ufrosebs
SimSili, rus moxeleTa da jariskacTa TviTne- ufasod mihqondaT sursaTi, Rvino da sxva
boba da araadamianuri sisastike, egzekuciebis produqti;
mier kaxeTis darbeva) gaxda 1812 wlis kaxeTis 6. soflis mosaxleobas jarisaTvis ufa-
ajanyebis mizezi. sod amzadebinebdnen Tivas, romelic aseve
ajanyebis mizezebze saubrisas gverds ufasod unda gadaetanaT saTibidan Tavle-
ver avuvliT im komisiis masalebs, romelic bamde;
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma filip paulu- 7. Sor manZilze tvirTis gadazidva
Cim Seqmna. es komisia muSaobas 1812 wlis 13 meurmes 40 maneTi ujdeboda, maSin rodesac
marts Seudga da sakmaod didi masala datova. 6-8 maneTs uxdidnen. meurmes aravin unazRa-
252
vaxtang guruli
urebda tvirTis gadatanisas daxocili xar- gariT gayvanili urmebi, meurmeebis nawili da
kameCis fass; pirutyvi gzaSi ixoceboda;
8. sasamarTloSi Sesuli arc erTi samar- 8. saqarTvelos marTva-gamgeoba da mTav-
Tliani saCivari qrTamis gaRebis gareSe ar robis dawesebulebebi ar Seefereba xalxis
dakmayofilebula, sasamarTlo dausrule- zne-Cveulebebsa da xasiaTs;
blad Wianurdeboda. 9. didi xania xalxi drtvinavda, magram
bodbeli mitropoliti ioane aRniSnavs, xelisufleba mis Txovnas aranair yuradRebas
rom ver bedavda yvelaferi eTqva, rasac rusi aqcevda;
moxeleebi kaxeTSi sCadiodnen. ai, zogierTi 10. samxedro egzekucia ise moqmedebda,
adgili mRvdelmTavris werilidan: rom angariSs srulebiT ar uwevda xalxis xas-
1. rus moxeleTagan mosveneba ar hqonda iaTs, zne-Cveulebebsa da adaTs.
arc adamians da arc pirutyvs, sCagravdnen Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom general-
rogorc mamakacebs, ise dedakacebs; maiori Tamaz orbeliani oficialuri piri
2. erTi kodi xorbali 4 maneTad Zlivs iyo, mis mier ajanyebis mizezebis am formiT
iSoveboda, glexebs ki 6 abazs uxdidnen; xor- Camoyalibeba sakmaod gabedul saqcielad
bals usamarTlo sawyaoTi wyavdnen; unda miviCnioT. ucnobia, filip pauluCim
3. Casabarebel xorbals 2-3 kodi rom gaugzavna Tu ara ruseTis imperators Tamaz
dahkleboda, maSinve sofelSi egzekucias (12 orbelianis moxseneba an misi Sinaarsi Tavis
jariskacs) gzavnidnen; jariskacebi sadilad moxsenebaSi Tu asaxa. ufro savaraudoa, rom
TiTo qaTams da erT fuT Rvinos iTxovdnen; ara. amaze miuTiTebs is, rom pauluCim Tamaz
4. rus mosamarTles jer-jerobiT qarT- orbeliani cixeSi Casva, dapatimrebis mizezi
velTa mimarT arc erTi samarTliani ganaCeni ki ase ganmarta: orbelianma icoda, rom kax-
ar gamoutania. eTSi ajanyeba mzaddeboda da droze ar mac-
qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadaznaurobis mar- nobao. marTalia, generali patimrobidan
Salma (winamZRolma) general-maiorma Tamaz gaaTavisufles, xolo pauluCim sityvierad,
orbelianma ajanyebis mizezebis Taobaze xolo Semdeg werilobiT bodiSic mouxa-
filip pauluCis vrceli moxseneba warudgina, da, magram es Tavadaznaurobis marSlisadmi
romelSic ajanyebis mizezebi 10 punqtad aris keTilganwyobis damadasturebeli sulac ar
Camoyalibebuli:
Camoyalibebuli iyo. 1811 wlis 15 oqtombers filip pauluCim
1. mousavlianoba kaxeTSi, romelic ori Tamaz orbelians werili gaugzavna. weril-
weli gagrZelda da didi SimSilianoba gamoi- Si aRniSnulia, rom saxelmwifo eqspediciis
wvia; SetyobinebiT, glexobas darCenili hqonda ga-
2. mTavroba xalxs jarisaTvis xorbals suli wlebis sasursaTo gadasaxadi: 751 kodi
sTxovs maSin, rodesac glexebs sakuTari xorbali da 458 kodi qeri; 1811 wlis gadasaxa-
ojaxis gamosakvebi xorbali ar darCenia; di: 140 kodi xorbali da 70 kodi qeri. pau-
3. mTavrobam gadawyvta, rom 1 kodi xor- luCi orbelians emuqreboda: Tu or kviraSi
bali glexebisagan 6 abazad unda Seesyida, xorbals ar CaabarebT, Cemda uneburad iseT
maSin, rodesac bazarze 1 kodi puri 4-5 ma- RonisZiebas gavatareb, vaiTu, sasiamovnod ar
neTi Rirda. am gaWirvebis Jams mTavrobam dagirCeTo.
mosaxleobas gauxsena xorblis Zveli, aukre- ajanyebis dasawyisi
dasawyisi.. 1812 wlis 31 ian-
favi, gadasaxadi da Zvelis da axlis gadaxda vars sofel axmetaSi saegzekucio razmi Se-
erTad daakisra; vida. mosaxleoba razms eloda da amitom iyo,
4. xorblis mimRebi moxeleni isedac rom rusebs momzadebuli daxvdnen. eklesiis
gaWirvebul xalxs uzomod atyuebdnen wonaSi; zaris xmaze axmetelebi Seikribnen da saegze-
5. moxeleebi gangeb, kviraobiT aWi- kucio razmi oficer tusiSvilis meTaurobiT
anurebdnen xorblis Cabarebas da mosaxleoba gaaqcies.
iZulebuli iyo xorblis droulad Cabarebi- 1812 wlis 1 Tebervals Telavis maz-
saTvis qrTami gadaexada; ris kapitan-ispravnikma krupianskim egereTa
6. vercxlismoyvare saTemo (sasoflo) razmi axmetaSi gagzavna da male Tavadac iq-
xelisufleba ukiduresad aviwroebda glexo- iTken daiZra. gzaSi krupianskim Seityo, rom
bas; rusi jariskacebi axmetelebs Tianel, maril-
7. omis dros jars Tan dahyveboda be- isel da matnel glexebTan erTad ucemiaT da
253
Telavisaken gamoubrunebiaT. TelavSi dab- lisuflebis mier ukve daviwyebuli batoniS-

runebulma krupianskim axmetaSi Tavadebis vili grigoli
grigoli,, romelic kaxeTSi cxovrobdao.
abel ColoyaSvilisa da ninia gurgeniZis batoniSvili grigoli giorgi XII-is
meTaurobiT axali razmi gagzavna. ajanyeb- meore vaJis, ioanes
ioanes,, Svili iyo. giorgi XII-is
ulebma razms cecxli gauxsnes da Telavisak- ufrosi vaJi, taxtis memkvidre daviTi
daviTi,, uS-
en uqcies piri. vilo iyo. ase rom, qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis
1812 wlis 1 Tebervals didi mRelvareba aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi kanonier memkvidred ba-
daiwyo TianeTSi
TianeTSi,, sadac saegzekucio razmi toniSvil daviTis umcrosi Zma, ioane giorgis
idga. rusebi aq Cveulebriv Zalmomreobdnen, Ze,, CaiTvleboda. radgan batoniSvili ioane
Ze
abuCad igdebdnen mosaxleobas, Seuracxyofd- ruseTSi iyo gadasaxlebuli da misi saqarT-
nen qalebs. daviT batoniSvils Tavis àxal veloSi dabruneba ver moxerxdeboda, ajanye-
istoriaSi~ aseTi Semzaravi faqti mohyavs: bulebma mefed grigol ioanes Ze gamoacxades.
`TianeTs mTvralTa aficarTa Seipyres de- ucnobia, Tavis droze ra mizeziT ar gadaas-
dakaci da saSosa STaasxes ZabriTa Rvinoi~. axles batoniSvili grigoli ruseTSi, magram,
Seuracxyofili qali eklesiis ezoSi Sekre- faqtia, rom 1812 wlis damdegisaTvis igi kax-
bil xalxSi SeWrila, `mivarda qmarsa, moh- eTSi imyofeboda.
glija qudi, gadaaxura Tavisi mandili da grigol ioanes Zis mefed gamocxde-
daikivla: dReidan Sen coli da me qmari, na- bam ajanyebulebSi didi sixaruli da aRfr-
musi amxades, mivdivar, msurs Suri viZio Sen Tovaneba gamoiwvia. grigol batoniSvilis
magier~. eklesiis ezodan qali Tavisi saxli- mefed gamocxadeba sagangebo viTarebaSi
saken gaiqca, sadac saegzekucio razmi cxov- moxda, ris gamoc dairRva saukuneebis ganma-
robda. xalxi ukan gahyva mas. Tianelebma saeg- vlobaSi dadgenili mefed kurTxevis wesi wesi.. am
zekucio razmis oficeri da jariskacebi iqve wesis mixedviT: 1. samefo gvirgvinis kurTxeva
aCexes. im dRes TianeTSi 150 rusi samxedro da mironcxeba SeiZleba moxdes avtokefalur
daxoces. maTi umravlesoba saegzekucio eklesiaSi; 2. samefo gvirgvini unda akurTxos
razms ki ar ekuTvnoda, aramed TianeTSi sa- da mironi scxos avtokefaluri eklesiis
gangebod Cayenebuli im samxedro nawilidan saWeTmpyrobelma, umaRlesma ierarqma (pa-
iyo, romelsac TianeTSi, fSavsa da xevsureT- triarqma, kaTolikos-patriarqma); 3. kaTo-
Si wesrigis dacva evaleboda. likos-patriarqis nacvlad samefo gvirgvini
1812 wlis 31 ianvars axmetasa da 1 SeiZleba akurTxos da mironi scxos epis-
Tebervals TianeTSi ruseTis jaris winaaRm- koposTa krebulma (12 episkoposma
episkoposma).). grigol
deg gamosvlam male mTeli kaxeTi moicva da ioanis Zis mefed gamocxadebis dros samive
masStabur ajanyebaSi gadaizarda. moTxovna diarRva: saqarTvelos samociqulo
3.. grigol ioanes Zis gamocxadeba qarTl- marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefalia ukve
kaxeTis mefed. ajanyebis dawyebis Semdeg ma- gauqmebuli iyo, Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos
leve gaCnda qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis aRdgenis aRar hyavda kaTolikos-patriarqi. grigol
idea. 1812 wlis damdegisaTvis erekle II-isa ioanes ZisaTvis gvirgvini ar ukurTxebia da
da giorgi XII-is Svilebi da SviliSvilebi mironi ar ucxia episkoposTa krebuls (12 epis-
ruseTSi iyvnen gadasaxlebulebi. rusebma koposs). ase rom, grigol ioanes Zis mefed ga-
ver moaxerxes batoniSvilebis aleqsandre mocxadeba, TavisTavad misasalmebeli faqti,
erekles Zisa da levan iulonis Zis Sepyroba. samarTlebrivad qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis aRd-
aleqsandre batoniSvili erekle II-is gar- genad ver CaiTvleba. miuxedavad amisa, grigol
dacvalebis Semdeg maleve iranSi gadavida, ioanes Ze aqtiurad Caeba ajanyebaSi. mas kax-
sawurbliis tyeSi batoniSvilebze Tavdasxmis eTis eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebisas mefed ix-
dros rusebis tyveobas gadarCenilma levan seniebdnen. grigol ioanes Zem mowodebebi da
batoniSvilma biZasTan, farnavaz batoniS- werilebi daagzavna kaxeTSi. erT mowodebaSi,
vilTan, erTad, aseve irans Seafara Tavi. ase romelic sofel xaSmTan gamarTul brZol-
rom, ajanyebulebs didi arCevani ar hqondaT. amde (1812 wlis 19 Tebervlamde) aris Sedge-
1812 wlis 17 marts saqarTvelos mTavarsar- nili, igi kaxelebs, xevsurebsa da fSavelebs
dali filip pauluCi werda: ajanyebulebma amcnobs, rom kaxeTis garda, ajanyeba qarTl-
mefed SearCies gonebrivi monacemebiT arcTu Sic (liaxvis xeobaSi) mimdinareobda da, Tu
gamorCeuli, dabadebidan koWli, ruseTis xe- ajanyebulebi xaSmTan rusebs daamarcxebdnen,
254
vaxtang guruli
kaxeTi, qarTli, aragvis xeoba da Tbilisi maT lebiT cdilobda ajanyebulTa damarcxebas.
xelSi aRmoCndeboda. grigol ioanes Zis sax- 1812 wlis 2 Tebervals gomborze mdgari
eliT ajanyebis moTaveebma (31 kacma) werili ruseTis jari maior vronskis meTaurobiT
gaugzavnes yazaxis muslim mosaxleobas da Telavis cixeSi gamoketili rusebis dasax-
rusebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi Cabmisaken mou- mareblad daiZra. Telavisaken maior esipovis
wodes. es werili xelSi CauvardaT rusebs. meTaurobiT gaemarTa 250 mebrZolisagan Sem-
filip pauluCim werili Tan daurTo 1812 dgari dragunTa razmic. dragunTa razms Tan
wlis 26 marts ruseTis imperatorisaTvis mihyveboda policiis moxele Tavadi androni-
gagzavnil moxsenebas. kaSvili,, romelic gzidanve gaiqca ajanyeb-
kaSvili
ulebTan.
1812 wlis 4 Tebervals rusebma cxare
brZolebis Semdeg alyaSemortymul Telavis
§2. ajanyebis pirveli etapi (1812 wlis Teberva- cixeSi Sesvla SeZles, sadac manmade 50 rusi
li-aprili) oficeri da jariskaci Zlivs-ZlivobiT icav-
da Tavs. am dRes brZolaSi dragunTa razmi-
ajanyeba kaxeTSi TiTqmis erTi weli dan daiRupa 150 rusi jariskaci da oficeri,
gagrZelda. ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg maT Soris maiori esipovi
esipovi.. egerTa razmidan
aleqsandre batoniSvilma xevsureTs Seafara brZolaSi daiRupa 11 jariskaci da oficeri,
Tavi. 1813 wels brZolebma ukve xevsureTSi daiWra 30 jariskaci da 2 oficeri, ajanyeb-
gadainacvla. ulebma tyved Caigdes 10 rusi. ajanyebulebs
axmetasa da TianeTSi dawyebuli am- SeeZloT saerTod gaeJlitaT mowinaaRmde-
boxebis Semdeg, ajanyebam sul male organize- geebi, magram damarcxebulTa xocva-Jletas
buli xasiaTi SeiZina da kaxeTis garda, arag- win aRdgomian ninowmindeli episkoposi ste-
vis xeobasac moedo. fane da Tavadi jorjaZe
jorjaZe.. ajanyebulTa mxri-
1. brZolebi kaxeTSi.
kaxeTSi. sawyis etapze kax- dan brZolaSi sxvebTan erTad daRupula maTi
eTSi ajanyebis moTaveebi iyvnen Tavadebi: erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli Tavadi paata jand-
svimon beburiSvili, adam beburiSvili, ivane ieri.
ieri
(ninia) andronikaSvili, oTar qarTveliSvili, 1812 wlis 5 Tebarvals ajanyebulebi svi-
ioseb sidamoniSvili
sidamoniSvili.. Telavis mazris kapitan- mon beburiSvilis, adam beburiSvilis da ivane
ispravnikma krupianskim axmetasa da TianeTSi mayaSvilis meTaurobiT qalaq siRnaRs Se-
momxdari ambebi saswrafod Seatyobina sagare- moadgnen. qiziyelebs saTaveSi edgnen Tavadi
joSi jariT mdgar kaxeTis samxedro olqis ivane (ninia) andronikaSvili da kidev ramden-
ufross, general-maior semion portniagins.
portniagins. ime Tavadi andronikaSvilTa saxlidan. siRna-
vidre generali raimes iRonebda, ajanyebule- Ris cixeSi 70 rusi oficeri da jariskaci iyo
bi svimon beburiSvilisa da ivane mayaSvilis gamagrebuli. ajanyebulebs cixeSi Seaswro
meTaurobiT Telavisaken daiZrnen. TelavSi sofel yaraRajidan mosulma niJni novgoro-
mdgarma ruseTis jarma cixes Seafara Tavi. dis dragunTa polkis erT-erTma razmma 4
ajanyebulebma cixes alya Semoartyes. Telav- umcrosi oficrisa da 43 jariskacis Semad-
Si ruseTis jaris winaaRmdeg brZolis dros genlobiT. siRnaRis cixeSi imyofeboda aseve
ajanyebulebs kidev erTi moTave _ Tavadi niJni novgorodis dragunTa polkis meTauri
oTar qobuliSvili _ moevlina. podlogi da polkis 1 eskadroni maior oz-
general-maiori semion portniagini mZime erovis meTaurobiT. siRnaRis mazris kapitan-
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. mcire razmebad day- ispravnik sorokins eWvi ar epareboda, rom
ofili narvis dragunTa polki kaxeTis sof- ajanyebulebi cixes ver aiRebdnen.
lebSi iyo dagzavnili, portniaginma Tbilisi- 1812 wlis 6 Tebervals kaxelebma siRna-
dan damxmare jaris moSveleba iTxova da Tav- Ris cixes Seuties. brZolis dros ramdenime
dacviTi brZolebisaTvis moemzada. Tavdapir- rusma oficerma gaqceviT uSvela Tavs. cixis
velad rusebi arcTu ise organizebulad moq- komendanti maiori haine
haine,, sasursaTo komisio-
medebdnen. SeuZlebeli iyo kaxeTis soflebSi neri gavrilenko
gavrilenko,, siRnaRis mazris policiis
dafantuli saegzekucio razmebis mudmivi ufrosi danilevski
danilevski,, siRnaRis mazris kapitan-
dislokaciis adgilze Tavmoyra da Semdeg ispravnik sorokinTan erTad siRnaRis ekle-
maTi ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad siaSi Caiketnen. eklesiaSi TavSefarebulebT-
gamoyeneba. portniagini SedarebiT mcire Za-
255
an molaparakebas awarmoebda Tavadi daviT marcxes, brZolaSi daiRupa 17 rusi oficeri

qarTveliSvili.. ajanyebulebma TavianTi ara-
qarTveliSvili da jariskaci, maT Soris maiori martinovic
martinovic..
adamianuri sisastikiT cnobili rusebi aRar ajanyebulebs darCaT mTeli tyvia-wamali da
daindes da yvelani daxoces. saerTod, siR- eskadronebis cxenebi. am brZolis Semdeg,
naRis cixidan mxolod 10 rusi gadarCa, maT 1812 wlis 5 Tebervals, ajanyebulebi sagare-
gaqceviT uSveles Tavs, gaqceulTagan 1 gzaSi jos Semoadgnen.
daiRupa. 1812 wlis 6 Tebervals amboxebuleb-
1812 wlis 6 Tebervals ajanyebulebma ma oTar qobuliSvilis meTaurobiT sofel
ieriSi miitanes sofel bodbisxevSi dabanake- sagarejos dasakaveblad Zlieri Seteva daiw-
bul yabardos muSketerTa polkze. brZola- yes. ramdenime saaTis brZolis Semdeg rusebis
Si daiRupa 212 rusi oficeri da jariskaci. danakargi 25 draguns Seadgenda. general-
ajanyebulebma xelSi Caigdes didi nadavli: maiori semion portniagini dragunTa mier
407 Tofi, didi raodenobiT tyvia da Tofis dacul erT-erT sawyobSi daimala da ase apir-
wamali. sikvdils gadarCenili podpolkovni- ebda Tavis gadarCenas. sagarejoSi myofi ru-
ki stepanovi 4 umcros oficerTan da 43 ja- seTis jari sruli ganadgurebisagan Tbilisi-
riskacTan erTad yaraRajis cixisaken gaiqca. dan gagzavnilma xersonis grenaderTa polkis
yaraRajis cixeSi Tavi moiyares kaxeTis sx- Zlierma razmma (500 mebrZoli) ixsna.
vadasxva adgilidan gaqceulma rusma ofi- 1812 wlis 6 Tebervals RamiT, xersonis
crebma da jariskacebma, sadac ukve idga niJni grenaderTa polkis razmi sofel sagarejo-
novgorodis dragunTa polkis, yabardos dra- dan sofel kakabeTisaken gaemarTa. kakabeTSi
gunTa polkisa da egerTa polkis narCenebi. mdgari dragunTa polkis erTi eskadroni
yaraRajis cixeSi gamagrebuli rusebi mTeli dRe igeriebda ajanyebulTa Setevebs.
uimedo mdgomareobaSi iyvnen. male maT dasax- rusebis maSvelTa Zalam eskadronis mxolod
mareblad 1.000 mebrZoliT mivida Tavadi 17 mebrZolis gadarCena SeZlo. imave dRes
yaflan yaflaniSvili.
yaflaniSvili. yaflaniSvili da pod- xersonis grenaderTa polkis razmma sruli
polkovniki stepanovi gaerTianebuli ZalebiT ganadgurebisagan ixsna sofel manavSi da-
ajanyebulebs Seebnen. brZolaSi daiRupnen banakebuli dragunTa meore eskadronic. sul
ajanyebulTa moTaveebi svimon beburiSvili narvis dragunTa polkis 1.500 oficrisa da
da oTar onanaSvili.
onanaSvili. yaflaniSvilis Ralatis jariskacisagan cocxali mxolod 261 gadarCa.
gamo ajanyebulebma yaraRajis cixe ever ai- 1812 wlis 9 Tebervals, RamiT, narvis
Res, Tumca cixisaTvis brZolis dros rusebs dragunTa polkis narCenebiT, xersonis gre-
didi ziani miayenes. naderTa polkTan erTad general portniag-
generali portniagini sofel sagarejo- ini sagarejodan gaipara da tyis bilikebiT
dan gamosvlas ver bedavda, Tumca karagad Tbilisisaken gaemarTa. gzaSi generalma kidev
uwyoda, rom kaxeTSi mdgari ruseTis jari 34 mebrZoli dakarga da mxolod 12 Teber-
umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyo. saqarTvelos mTa- vals miaRwia Tbiliss.
varsardlis movaleobis Semsrulebeli bar- 1812 wlis Tebervlis brZolebSi gancdi-
oni klodt fon iurgensburgi portriagins li marcxis Semdeg saqarTvelos mTavarsard-
Tbilisidan daxmarebas ver ugzavnida da lis movaleobis Semsrulebelma klodt
mis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi jariT TbilisSi fon iurgensburgma saswrafo zomebi miiRo:
dabrunebas urCevda. imavdroulad, klodt TbilisSi Seiyvanes qveiTi jaris 1 batalioni,
fon iurgensburgi qarTlis samxedro olqis qalaqis garSemo daiwyo mudmivi patrulireba,
ufross, general stals TbilisSi qarTvel bambakis distanciis ufross general-maior
grenaderTa 2 aseulis gagzavnas sTxovda. dimitri lisaneviCs ebrZana TbilisSi sas-
klodt fon iurgensburgs eSinoda, rom kax- wrafod gaegzavna grenaderTa razmi zarba-
eTisa da qarTlis mTianeTis ajanyebulebi zniT, TbilisSi gadasasrolad mzad iyo imer-
erTmaneTs daukavSirebodnen, amitom iyo, rom eTSi mdgari yabardos polkis 1 batalioni,
man stals daavala RarTiskaris saguSagoze 2 borCalos distanciis ufros popovs ebrZana
zarbazani ganelagebina. Tbilisisaken daeZra egerTa me-16 polkis 1
ajanyebulebi sagarejos uaxlovdebod- batalioni. mogvianebiT popovisaTvis mice-
nen, maT sofel manavsa da sofel kakabeTSi muli brZaneba gauqmda, radgan borCaloSi
narvis dragunTa polkis eskadronebi daa- ajanyebulTa proklamaciebi gamoCnda.
256
vaxtang guruli
1812 wlis 12 Tebervals ajanyebulebi TianeTSi dawyebuli ajanyeba Tavdapirvelad

Tavs daesxnen sofel martyofis saguSagos, kaxeTis baris raionebSi gavrcelda, Semdeg
mokles uriadniki iarkovi
iarkovi,, daindes 5 kazaki, igi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTsac
romlebic, SiSvel-titvelni, polkovnik tix- moedo. 1812 wlis 6 TebervalisaTvis fSavisa
anovskisTan ambis mimtanebad gagzavnes. mar- da xevsureTis mosaxleoba ukve sabrZolve-
tyofis saguSagos ganadgurebam didi SiSian- lad mzad iyo.
oba gamoiwvia TbilisSi. saqarTvelos mTa- 1812 9 TebervlisaTvis Tavadi ioseb
varsardlis movaleobis Semsrulebelma iur- sidamoniSvili fSavlebis, xevsurebisa da
gensburgma da Tbilisis samxedro guberna- Tianelebisagan Semdgari didi razmiT (1.000
toris movaleobis Semsrulebelma vasilievma mebrZoli) mdinare aragvis xeobaSi Sevida,
zaza andronikaSvilsa da sxva kaxel Tavadebs gaiara duSeTi
duSeTi,, aiRo fasanauris saguSago da
sTxoves, ajanyebulebs molaparakebodnen. ananuris cixes Semoartya alya. amboxebulTa
Tavadebma rusebs ganucxades, rom ajanyeb- warmomadgenlebi moedvnen mTiuleTs, gu-
ulebTan ufro maRali donis deputaciis gag- damayars, xevs da Tagauris xeobas. ajanyeb-
zavna iyo saWiro. ulTa rigebi TandaTan izrdeboda. ananuris
SeSfoTebulma klodt fon iurgens- mazris kapitan-ispravnikma onarevskim 200 qa-
burgma martyofSi polkovnik tixonovskis rTveli da osi SeaiaraRa da ajanyebulebTan
meTaurobiT xersonis grenaderTa polkis 1 SebrZoleba gadawyvita. rogorc ki ajanye-
batalioni (400 oficeri da jariskaci) da 4 bulebi ananurs miuaxlovdnen, orasive qa-
zarbazani gagzavna. rusebs Tan gahyvnen er- rTveli da osi maT mxareze gadavida. fexSi
ekle mefis siZe, Tekla batoniSvilis meuRle daWrili mazris kapitan-ispravniki onarevski
vaxtang orbeliani, vaxtangis Zma luarsabi, gorSi gaiqca. umZimes viTarebaSi rusebs mxs-
abesalom bebuTiSvili, ivane baraTaSvili, nelad isev moRalate qarTvelebi moevlinen.
ivane maCabeli da sxvebi. ajanyebulebma br- rusebs qarTvelebisagan Semdgari razmebiT
Zolas Tavi aarides, jer sofel sarTiWalaSi
sarTiWalaSi,, mxari dauWires: konstantine muxranbatonma,
xolo Semdeg sofel xaSmSi gadavidnen. 1812 gabriel yazbegma da Tornike erisTavma. ga-
wlis 15 Tebervals polkovnikma tixonovskim briel yazbegi saswrafod oseTSi gadavida
sarTiWala daikava da mdinare ivris napirze da ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg vladikavkazis
dabanakebuli ajanyebulebisaken gaemarTa. komendants general-maior ivan delpocos
ajanyebulebi brZolaSi amjeradac ar Cabmu- jari sTxova. generali delpoco Tavad Cavida
lan. manamde maT molaparakebaze uari uTxres sofel larsSi da Ggabriel yazbegs uSualo
vaxtang orbelians da mRvdel markoziSvils. daqvemdebarebaSi gadasca suzdalis polkis
16 Tebervals ajanyebulebs damxmare Zala 1 aseuli maior barsovis meTaurobiT. kon-
mouvidaT kaxeTidan, fSavidan da xevsureTi- stantine muxranbatoni molaparakebis gziT
dan. maTi rigebi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. Seecada ajanyebulTa daSlas. igi ajanyebu-
polkovnik tixonovskis cnobiT, ajanyebulebs ananuris cixeze alyis moxsnas sTxovda,
lebs 10.000 mebrZoli hyavdaT, filip pau- magram uSedegod. gabrazebuli konstantine
luCi ki wers, rom maTi raodenoba gacilebiT muxranbatoni Seecada Tavisi glexebisagan
meti, 40.000, iyo. ufro sarwmuno tixonovskis razmi Seedgina da ajanyebulebs SebrZole-
cnoba Cans, Tumca gamoricxuli ar aris, rom boda, magram glexebma ZmaTamkvlel brZolaSi
ajanyebulebi ivris napirze gacilebiT met monawileobis miRebaze uari Tqves. konstan-
ajanyebuls moeyara Tavi, vidre tixonovs- tine muxranbatoni saswrafod TbilisSi gae-
kis egona. 1812 wlis 19 Tebervals sofel mgzavra da jari iTxova. man TbilisSi sam-
xaSmTan qarTvelebsa da rusebs Soris sisx- wuxaro ambavi Caitana, rusebs acnoba, rom
lismRvreli brZola gaimarTa. ajanyebulebma fasanauris garnizoni ganadgurebuli, xolo
tyisken, samebis monastris mxares, daixies da kavkasiis xazidan Tbilisisaken momavali gza
TavdacviTi zRude moawyves. Caketili iyo. kaxeTSi Seqmnili mZime mdgo-
2. brZolebi aragvis xeobaSi
xeobaSi.. ajanyeba mareobis gamo konstantine muxranbatons ja-
male gascilda kaxeTis sazRvrebs. amis Ses- riT daxmarebaze uari uTxres. amasTan erTad,
axeb saqarTvelos mTavarsardali filip pau- erTguli msaxuri daaimedes: polkovnik uSa-
luCi 1812 wlis 26 marts ruseTis impera- kovis batalions daelode da masTan erTad
tor aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda. axmetasa da ajanyebulebs SeebrZoleo.
257
amboxebulebi Seecadnen aragvis xeo- Casafrebas waawydnen. xangrZlivi brZolis

bidan qarTlis Sida raionebisaken mimavali Semdeg qarTvelebma ukan daixies da duSeTSi
gzebi daekavebinaT da am mizniT mcxeTasa da gamagrdnen. 13 Tebervals uSakovma duSeTi
Tbiliss Soris, sofel avWalasTan, gamoCnd- mainc aiRo, qalaqi gadawva da ananurisaken
nen. aq isini Tavs daesxnen xorblis aRals, gaemarTa. duSeTidan ananuramde ajanyebule-
romelic kaxeTidan qarTlSi miemarTeboda. bi ramdenjerme Tavs daesxnen rusebs, amitom
kaxeTisa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiane- iyo, rom 14 Tebervals dilis 6 saaTze du-
Tis Semdeg qarTlis Sida raionebSi ajanyebis SeTidan gasuli jari ananurSi mxolod saR-
dawyeba Zalze saSiSi iyo rusebisaTvis. amos 5 saaTze Cavida. ajanyebulebi iZuleb-
qarTlis samxedro olqis ufrosi gener- ulebi gaxdnen ananuris cixisaTvis alya moi-
al-maiori karl stali ar gamoricxavda, rom exsnaT da duSeTidan Casul jars SebrZole-
kaxeTSi dawyebuli ajanyeba qarTlsac gadas- bodnen. 17 Tebervals ruseTis jarma ramden-
deboda. generalma gadamWreli zomebi miiRo. ime Zlieri dartyma miayena ajanyebulebs. maT
man saswrafod mouyara Tavi mcire nawilebad winaaRmdeg brZolaSi muxranidan ananuramde
dafantul razmebs da isini strategiul adg- polkovnik uSakovs Tan axlda konstantine
ilebSi ganalaga. stals gverdSi amoudgnen muxranbatoni,, romelic sastikad epyroboda
muxranbatoni
qarTlis Tavadebi. ajanyebulebs. qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg rusebs
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis movaleo- mimxrobia Tavadi daviT muxranbatonic.
muxranbatonic.
bis Semsrulebeli klodt fon iurgensburgi, rogorc qarTvelebs, aseve rusebs kargad
pirvel rigSi, aucileblad miiCnevda ajanyeb- esmodaT, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda samx-
ulTagan aragvis xeobis gawmendas. aragvis xe- edro gzis xelSi Cagdebas. amitom eswrafoda
obaSi gaigzavna qarTvel grenaderTa polkis polkovniki uSakovi duSeTisa da ananuris da-
4 aseuli kapitan zurab saginaSvilis meTau- kavebas. aragvis xeobis daTmobas arc ajanye-
robiT. grenaderebi mcxeTasTan, RarTiskarSi, bulebi apirebdnen. maTi rigebis gaZlierebis
ganlagdnen, radgan jarebs jer kidev ar mo- mizniT kaxeTidan Tavad ioseb sidamoniSvilis
eyaraT Tavi. meTaurobiT didi razmi (1.000 mebrZoli) gag-
1812 wlis 12 Tebervals, konstantine zavnes. kaxeTidan WarSi warmomadgenlebi gag-
muxranbatonisaTvis micemuli pirobis Tanax- zavnes da ajanyebaSi monawileobis sanacvlod
mad, goridan aragvis xeobisaken swrafi TiToeul lek mebrZols 20 maneTsa da 6 kod
marSiT daiZra grenaderTa polkis nawili purs dahpirdnen.
polkovnik uSakovis meTaurobiT. erTi cno- 1812 wlis 17 Tebervls kapitan zurab sa-
biT, polkovnik uSakovis daqvemdebarebaSi ginaSvilis Semcvleli maiori kruJkovi ityo-
1.000 oficeri da jariskaci iyo, xolo meore bineboda, rom ajanyebulebi TiTqmis mTli-
cnobiT _ 5 aseuli. polkovnikma 50 mebrZoli anad akontrolebdnen RarTiskaridan anan-
mcxeTaSi kaxeTidan gadmosasvleli gzebis Ca- urisaken mimaval gzas, mowyobili hqondaT
saketad datova, TviTon ki polkis ZiriTadi safrebi da saguSagoebi. gza ise kontrolde-
ZalebiTa da 1 zarbazniT sofel muxranis boda, rom rusi oficrebi erTmaneTs ver uka-
gavliT duSeTisaken gaemarTa. imavdroulad vSirdebodnen.
RarTiskaridan duSeTisaken daiZra iq ganla- rusebs Zalian eSinodaT, aragvis xeo-
gebuli qarTvel grenaderTa polkis 4 aseu- baSi dawyebul ajanyebas sayovelTao xasiaTi
li kapitan zurab saginaSvilis meTaurobiT. ar mieRo, qsnisa da liaxvis xeobebs ar ga-
sofel bulaCaurTan qarTvel grenaderebs dasdeboda. es SiSi rusebs mas Semdeg kidev
sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwies 1.500-ma ajanye- ufro gauZlierdaT, rac beJan aragvis eri-
bulebma, romelTa rigebSi 1.500 mebrZoli sTavis vaJi iosebi ajanyebulebs miemxro da
iyo. Setakebisas mZimed daiWra zurab sagi- gudamayrelebic aiyolia.
naSvili da misi Semcvleli poruCiki cickacicka.. rusebma gamocdilebiT icodnen, rom
brZolaSi daiRupa grenaderebis megzuri Ta- aragvelebis damarcxeba Zalian gauWirdebo-
vadi maRalaSvili
maRalaSvili.. sofel muxranidan duSeTi- daT, amitom iyo, rom gadawyvites, araadami-
saken mimavalma polkovnikma uSakovma sofeli anuri sisastikiT daeSinebinaT mosaxleoba.
mWadijvari mSvidobianad gaiara. 1812 wlis 12 amaSi maT didi daxmareba konstantine muxran-
Tebervals mWadijvridan gasuli rusebi uR- batonma aRmouCina. oficialur rusul doku-
rani tyiT dafarul maRlobze ajanyebulTa mentebSi aRniSnulia: 1812 wlis 17 Tebervals,
258
vaxtang guruli
RamiT, rusebi uCumrad mieparnen aragvelTa luCi 140 kazakisa da 40 dragunis Tanxle-
mZinare razms da amoJlites. sinamdvileSi, biT Tbilisidan sofel xaSmisaken gaemarTa,
saqme sxvagvarad iyo. konstantine muxranba- raTa piradad exelmZRvanela brZolisaTvis.
tonma aragvelTa es razmi molaparakebaze mi- xaSmSi Casulma saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
iwvia. razmi brZolis Sewyvetaze dasTanxmda. Seityo, rom ajanyebulebs axalcixis faSa
RamiT konstantine muxranbatonma mosala- Serif jayelTan elCebi gaugzavniaT da dax-
parakeblad mowveulebs rusebi daayena Tavze mareba uTxoviaT. Serif faSas gadauwyvetia
da mZinare qarTvelebi amoaJletina. Seqmnili viTarebiT esargebla da general-
Tavadi ioseb sidamoniSvili Tavisi maior piotr kotliarevskis mier dakavebuli
razmiT saSaburoSi gamagrda da damxmare Zalas axalqalaqi ukan daebrunebina. axalqalaqis
eloda. 1812 wlis 21 Tebervals polkovnikma dakavebis SemTxvevaSi osmalebi advilad miaR-
uSakovma saSaburos Seutia da ajanyebulebi wevdnen borCalomde
borCalomde,, riTac safrTxes Seuqm-
daamarcxa. ufro sworad, ajanyebulebma ukan nidnen Tbiliss
Tbiliss.. Serif faSam Tavi mouyara
daixies, radgan gaiges, rom RarTiskaridan 5.000 mebrZols da 1812 wlis 21 Tebervals ax-
polkovnik uSakovis razmTan SesaerTeblad alqalaqis Sturmi daiwyo. xangrZlivi Stur-
maior kruJkovis meTaurobiT qarTvel gremis Semdeg Serif faSa mixvda, rom axalqalaqs
naderTa razmi midioda. ajanyebulebi sofel ver aiRebda da xerTvisis cixisaken daixia.
bulaCaurTan CausafrTdnen maior kruJkovs axalcixis faSa axalqalaqze meore ieriSis mi-
da polkovnik uSakovTan gaerTianebis saSu- tanasac apirebda, magram Semdeg gadaifiqra.
aleba ar misces. filip pauluCi energiulad Seudga
erTgulad emsaxureboda rusebs maiori ajanyebis CaxSobas. saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
gabriel yazbegi
yazbegi,, romelmac stefanwmindidan dalma kaxeTSi proklamacia (mowodeba) gaavr-
vladikavkazamde gzaze moZraoba aRadgina. cela. igi mosaxleobas Sewyalebas dahpirda,
1812 wlis 17 Tebervals Ggabriel yazbegi Tu ajanyebas Sewyvetdnen da moinaniebdnen.
vladikavkazidan dabrunda da Tan Camoiyva- erT-erT proklamaciaSi igi ase mimarTavda
na suzdalis qveiTTa polki maior barsovis amboxebulT: `kaxeTis xalxo! Tqven winaSea
meTaurobiT. am polkma fasanauri daikava. ori gza: erTi xsnisa, meore _ gardauvali da-
gabriel yazbegis mcdelobis miuxedavad, Rupvisa. didi jariT wesrigis dasamyareblad
samxedro gzaze normaluri moZraoba mainc me TviTon movdivar kaxeTSi. Cemi maxvili mza-
ver aRdga. amitom iyo, rom kavkasiis xazidan daa ajanyebulebis amosawyvetad. amave dros,
damatebiT gadmoisroles qveiTTa 3 aseuli, mzad var, gulmowyaled miviRo isini, vinc
egerTa 1 aseuli, 200 kazaki da 2 zarbazani. moinaniebs.~ proklamaciebma ajanyebulebze
3. filip pauliCis dabruneba TbilisSi. veraviTari gavlena ver iqonia, saqarTvelos
1812 wlis 21 Tebervals saqarTvelos mTa- mTavarsardlis mier maTTan gagzavnili Suama-
varsardali filip pauliCi kaspiispireTSi vlebi xelcarieli dabrundnen. ajanyebuleb-
mogzaurobidan TbilisSi dabrunda. Camos- ma filip pauluCis Semdegi Sinaarsis pasuxi
vlisTanave mas moaxsenes: Telavisa da yara- gamougzavnes: `Cven qristes mgmobelebi ara
Rajis cixeebisaTvis ajanyebulebs alya aqvT varT, xelmwifisaTvis ar gviRalatia, fici ar
Semortymuli da iq TavSefarebuli rusebi gagvitexia. ajanyebis sababi Tqven mogveciT,
umZimes mdgomareobaSi arian, arc erTi cix- radgan ar SeasruleT is, rac nabrZanebi iyo
idan 50 dRis ganmavlobaSi aranairi cnoba xelmwifis manifestiT; Tqven sababi mogveciT
ar mosulao. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma imiT, rom ise daxoceT da CamoaxrCveT, mtyu-
Tbilisis grenaderTa polkis batalions ubr- an-marTali ar gagirCeviaT. yovelive amas
Zana, Tbilisidan sofel xaSmisaken daZru- xelmwifisadmi erTgulebisa da misTvis mice-
liyo da polkovnik tixonovskis SeerTeboda. muli ficis gamo viTmendiT; Tqven sababi
general-maior semion portniagins ebrZana, mogveciT imiT, rom gamogvigzavneT egzeku-
narvis dragunTa polkis narCenebiT sofeli cia da xiStebiT gvaiZulebdiT dagmorCile-
winwyaro daekavebina. mZime fsiqologiur md- bodiT; xocavdiT Cvens colebsa da bavSvebs;
gomareobaSi myofma portniaginma avadmyo- gvarTmevdiT purs, gvaSimSilebdiT da Tan
foba moimizeza da SemdegSi kaxeTis ajanyebis gveubnebodiT, balaxiT ikvebeTo. Cvili bavS-
CaxSobaSi monawileoba aRar miuRia. vebi balaxiT rogor unda gamokvebo?~ werili
1812 wlis 23 Tebervals filip pau- ase mTavrdeboda: `Cven xelmwifis moRalateni
259
ar varT; Tqven ugulebelyaviT xelmwifis br- 1812 wlis 27 Tebervals filip pauluCi
Zaneba da am usamarTlobis moTmena Cven aRar sofel kakabeTSi Sevida, sadac male gamocxad-
SegveZlo. Cveni SeTanxmeba SeuZlebelia. Cven da yaraRajis cixidan rusTa mcire razmiT
isedac ganwirulebi varT da, dae, davixocoT! wamosuli polkovniki stepanovi
stepanovi.. polkovniki
Tqven mogarTviT Txovna da es Txovna xelm- stepanovi ruseTis jaris narCenebiT yaraRa-
wifemde ar miitaneT. Tqven Cven mogvatyueT, jis cixeSi iyo gamagrebuli da rogorc ki
magram mainc viTmendiT. metis moTmena Seu- ajanyebulTa damarcxebis ambavi Seityo, pau-
Zlebelia.~ luCis jarTan SesaerTeblad gaemarTa.
ajanyebulTa werilis miRebisTanave, 1812 wlis 1 marts sofel CumlayTan
1812 wlis 24 Tebervals, filip pauluCim pa- ajanyebulebma batoniSvil grigol ioanes Zis
suxi gaugzavna ajanyebulebs. saqarTvelos sardlobiT brZola gaumarTes rusebs. isini
mTavarsardali Tavs imarTlebda, kaxeTis mo- damarcxdnen da gaifantnen. CumlayTan mop-
saxleobis saCivrebi da Txovna Cemamde ar mo- ovebuli gamarjvebis Semdeg pauluCim max-
sulao. pauluCi ajanyebulebs acnobebda, rom lobeli soflebis mosaxleobas gamoucxada:
maTTan mosalaparakeblad agzavnida ninow- Tu vinme ruseTis jars Tundac erT tyvias
mindel mTavarepiskoposs,
mTavarepiskoposs, mRvdel onufris esvris, mTel sofels gadavwvavo. amasTan er-
(mRvdeli onufri filip pauluCis sulieri Tad, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali batoniS-
moZRvari iyo) da Tavad solomon avaliSvils vil grigol ioanes Zes gadacemas iTxovda.
(solomon avaliSvils ruseTis jaris maioris batoniSvili grigoli CumlayTan gancdili
wodeba hqonda). saqarTvelos mTavarsardali marcxis Semdeg xunZaxSi gadavida da Tavs
ajanyebulebs hpirdeboda, rom yvela maT lekebis sofel anwuxs afarebda. anwuxelebma
Txovnasa da saCivars ganixilavda da samar- kargad icodnen, Tu ra sisastikiT moqmedeb-
Tlian gadawyvetilebas miiRebda. pauluCis da ruseTis jari kaxeTSi, amitom iyo rom pau-
werili Suamavlebma 1812 wlis 25 Tebervals luCis winaaRmdegoba ver gauwies. 1812 wlis
waiRes ajanyebulebTan, romlebic am dros 6 marts sofel anwuxis mamasaxlisma alexanma
samebis monastris axlos, tyeSi iyvnen da- datusaRebuli batoniSvili filip pauluCis
banakebuli. ajanyebulebi Suamavlebs dah- gadasca. grigol ioanes Ze TbilisSi gagza-
pirdnen, rom pasuxs or saaTSi miscemdnen, vnes, xolo Semdeg ruseTSi gadaasaxles.
Tumca ise daRamda, rom pasuxi ar gauciaT. CumlayTan brZolis Semdeg filip pau-
pauluCim gadawyvita samebis tyeSi dabanakeb- luCi jariT Telavisaken gaemarTa. Telavis
uli ajanyebulebisaTvis Seetia. saqarTvelos cixeSi gamagrebuli rusebi jer kidev uwevd-
mTavarsardlis gankargulebaSi 600 oficeri nen winaaRmdegobas ajanyebulebs. saqarT-
da jariskaci da 2 qvemexi iyo. rusebis avan- velos mTavarsardalma jari sofel winan-
gardSi idga polkovniki tixonovski, romlis dalSi datova da 50 kazakisa da ramdenime Ta-
daqvemdebarebaSi iyo xersonis polkis 2 aseu- vadis TanxlebiT Telavisaken gaemarTa. 1812
li, egerTa me-9 polkis 1 aseuli da 35 kazaki. wlis 4 marts ruseTis jari Telavs miuax-
pauluCim Seteva 1812 wlis 26 Tebervals, gam- lovda. ajanyebulebma brZolaSi Cabmas Tavi
Teniisas daiwyo. ajanyebulebi damarcxdnen aarides da pauluCi ubrZolvelad Sevida
da ukan daixies. datyvevebulTagan, pauluCis TelavSi. TelavSi ruseTis jaris Sesvlis Sem-
brZanebiT, ramdenime CamoaxrCves. brZolis deg ajanyeba nel-nela Cacxra, ajanyebulTa
Semdeg pauluCi jariT sofel patarZeulSi umravlesoba ojaxebs daubrunda.
Sevida. patarZeulSi sofel sagarejodan da- 1812 wlis 26 marts filip pauluCim mox-
brunda ajanyebulebTan mosalaparakeblad seneba gaugzavna ruseTis imperator aleqsan-
gagzavnili arqimandriti elefTeri (zukakiS- dr I-s, romelSic amboxebis mizezebsac Seexo.
vili), romelmac saqarTvelos mTavarsardals saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis azriT, ajanyeba
acnoba, rom ajanyebulebi molaparakebaze ar gamoiwvia: 1. rusi moxeleebis borotmoqmede-
Tanxmdebodnen. sofel patarZeulidan pau- bam (Zalmomreobam, Zalauflebis borotad
luCi jariT sofel sagarejoSi gadavida. gamoyenebam, korufciam da sxv.); 2. privil-
sagarejoelebma saqarTvelos mTavarsardals egiebis dakargvis gamo Tavadebisa da aznau-
morCileba gamoucxades, morCileba gamo- rebis ukmayofilebam; 3. rusuli sasamarTlos
acxades kakabeTis, manavisa da sxva soflebis mouqnelobam; 4. xorblis dammazadebeli mox-
warmomadgenlebmac. eleebis (komisionerebis) Cadenilma usamarT-
260
vaxtang guruli
lobam. pauluCi imperators moaxsenebda, polkebis nawili bolomde ar iyo dakomple-

komisionerebis borotmoqmedeba mxolod ma- qtebuli: qveiTTa polkebs srul dakomple-
Sin aRikveTeba, Tu mosaxleobisagan xorblis qtebamde 7.000 oficeri da jariskaci aklda,
Sesyidva saqarTvelos samoqalaqo guberna- donis kazakTa polkebs aklda cxenebi, saqa-
tors da mis daqvemdebarebaSi myof kerZo rTvelos mTavarsardalma kargad icoda, rom
pirebs daevalebaTo. omis safrangeTTan kars iyo momdgari da mas
filip pauluCi kargad xedavda, rom
samazro sasamarTloebi dakisrebul mova-
leobas Tavs ver arTmevdnen da Tanac mo-
saxleobis zizRs imsaxurebdnen. mdgomareo-
bis ramdenadme gamosworebis mizniT saqa-
rTvelos mTavarsardalma kaxeTSi SeaCera
samazro sasamarTloebis moqmedeba da maT
nacvlad Telavsa da siRnaRSi daaarsa droe-
biTi sasamarTloebi.
sasamarTloebi. droebiT sasamarTloebSi
samoqalaqo saqmeebi vaxtang VI-is samarTlis
mixedviT ixileboda, xolo sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmeebi _ rusuli kanonmdeblobiT..
moulodnelad ruseTis imperatorma
filip pauluCi saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis
Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisufla da peterburg-
Si gaiwvia.
4. nikolai rtiSCevis daniSvna saqarT-
velos mTavarsardlad. filip pauluCis ga-
dayeneba kaxeTis ajanyebas ar ukavSirdeba.
jer kidev 1812 wlis 16 Tebervals aleqsandr
I filip pauluCis ubrZanebda saqarTvelos
mTavarsardloba general-leitenantr niko-
lai rtiSCevisaTvis gadaebarebina da peter-
burgSi dabrunebuliyo. qarTvelma Tavadebma
peterburgSi miavlines Tavadi zaqaria an- nikolai rtiSCevi
dronikaSvili da imperators filip paulu-
Cis saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad datovebis peterburgi damatebiTi jaris gamogzavnaze
Sesaxeb Txovna miarTves. imperatorma Txovna uars etyoda. savalalo iyo isic, rom samxreT
ar Seiwynara. general-leitenanti nikolai kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebi Savi
rtiSCevi am droisaTvis kavkasiis xazis mTa- zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde uzarmazar sivrceze
varsardali iyo. imperators igi am Tanam- iyvnen gafantulni. samegreloSi, guriaSi,
debobidan ar gauTavisuflebia, ise daniSna afxazeTsa da imereTSi ganlagebuli iyo 6,5
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad. kavkasiis xazis batalioni (belevskis qveiTTa polki, egerTa
mTavarsardali da saqarTvelos mTavarsar- me-15 polkis 2 batalioni, sazRvao qveiTTa 2
dali general-leitenanti nikolai rtiSCevi aseuli) da donis kazakTa 2 polki. es jarebi
1812 wlis 23 aprils TbilisSi Camovida da imereTis droebiT mmarTvel general-maior
dauyovnebliv Seudga movaleobis Sesrule- fiodor simonoviCs eqvemdebarebodnen. si-
bas. monoviCis jarebis rezervad iTvleboda qa-
nikolai rtiSCevs saqarTvelo mZime md- rTlSi ganlagebuli qveiTTa 7 aseuli (qarT-
gomareobaSi daxvda: omebi iranTan da os- vel grenaderTa polkis 3 aseuli 1 qvemexiT,
maleTTan jer kidev grZeldeboda, grZelde- egerTa me-15 polkis 4 aseuli 1 qvemexiT) da
boda Savi Wiri da SimSiloba, mosalodneli donis kazakTa polki. TbilisSi ganlagebuli
iyo ajanyebis ganaxleba kaxeTSi. rtiSCevs iyo xersonis grenaderTa polkisa da yabar-
gansakuTrebiT aRelvebda samxreT kavkasiaSi dos qveiTTa polkis 5 aseuli 2 qvemexiT. su-
ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebis savalalo md- zdalis qveiTTa polkis 1 aseuli ananursa da
gomareoba. isedac mcire raodenobis jarSi fasanaurSi idga da kavkasiis xazTan kavSirs
261
uzrunvelyofda. yabardos qveiTTa polki werilebi gagzavna mTiuleTSi, fSavSi, xev-

(TbilisSi datovebuli 1 aseulis garda) da sureTSi, gudamayarSi da mosaxleobas rusebis
donis kazakTa polki ganlagebuli iyo kax- winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mouwoda. axali
eTSi.. axalqalaqis cixesa da osmaleTTan saz-
eTSi ajanyebis CasaxSobad sagangebod emzadeboda
Rvars icavda general-maior dimitri orbe- nikolai rtiSCevi.
lianis jarebi (egerTa 46-e polki, egerTa 1. nikolai rtiSCevis RonisZiebani
me-15 polkis 2 aseuli, donis kazakTa polki ajanyebis CaxSobis mizniT. ruseTis xelisu-
da artileristTa naxevari aseuli). dimitri flebam kaxeTis soflebidan nebarTvis gar-
orbelians unda daecva qvemo qarTlisa da eSe mcxovrebTa gasvla akrZala. miuxedavad
Suragelis mimarTuleba, kavSiri unda hqono- amisa, 1812 wlis 28 aprils Telavis mazris
da bambakSi ganlagebul general-maior dimi- ufrosma Telavis mouravs acnoba, rom maz-
tri lisaneviCis jarebTan. lisaneviCs eqvem- ridan 16 kaci erevanSi aleqsandre batoniS-
debareboda Tbilisis polkis 2 batalioni, vilTan Cavida. xelisuflebis gankargule-
egerTa me-9 polki da donis kazakTa 2 polki. biT, batoniSvilTan wasulTa ojaxis wevrebi
am jarebs unda daecva bambakisa da Suragelis daapatimres. ajanyebis moTaveebma am faqtiT
provinciebi. isargebles da gamoacxades: xelisuflebam
5. aleqsandre batoniSvilis mowveva filip pauluCis mier naboZebi Sewyaleba ukan
ajanyebulebis mier.
mier. 1812 wlis Teberval- waiRo da axali dapatimrebebi daiwyoo. moTa-
martSi warmoebuli brZolebis Semdeg kax- veTa mier gavrcelebuli werilis wakiTxvis
eTis ajanyebis moTaveebi darwmundnen, rom Semdeg ajanyebis monawileebma axali repre-
ruseTis mravalricxovan, kargad gawvrTnil siebidan Tavis daxsnis mizniT kvlav iaraRs
da SeiaraRebul regularul jarTan omi Zne- mohkides xeli. ajanyebulTa miwveviT Waridan
li iyo. amitom gadawyda ajanyebis meTaurad kaxeTSi lekTa razmebi Semovidnen. Telavis
iranSi myofi batoniSvil aleqsandre erekles komendantma maiorma Smatovma qalaqi datova,
Zis mowveva. aleqsandre batoniSvils ajanye- alaznisaken gaemarTa, raTa Waridan kaxeTSi
bulebTan kavSiri adrec hqonda da maT ira- lekTa axali razmebis Semosvla aRekveTa.
nis jariT daxmarebasac pirdeboda. ajanyebis Smatovma lekebis razmebi ki gafanta, magram
moTaveebs erevanSi myof aleqsandre batoniS- ukan dabrunebuls Telavi ajanyebulTa mier
vilTan deputacia gaugzavniaT. erTi wy- garSemortymuli daxvda. ruseTis jarma didi
aros mixedviT, deputaciaSi 40 kaci Sedioda, danakargis fasad Telavis cixeSi Sesvla moax-
xolo meore wyaros mixedviT _7. rogorc erxa, brZolaSi mZimed daiWra maiori Smatovi.
Cans, Tavdapirvelad deputacia 40 kaciT gan- Telavis alyis Sesaxeb cnobis miRebi-
isazRvra, magram rusebis mier Seqmnili dab- sTanave saqarTvelos axalma mTavarsardal-
rkolebis gamo aleqsandre batoniSvilamde ma nikolai rtiSCevma kaxeTSi jariT gener-
mxolod Svidma kacma miaRwia. Tavadebi solo- al-maiori karl stali gagzavna. generals
mon beburiSvili, Tadia ColoyaSvili da gor- ajanyebis ganaxlebis mizezi unda gaerkvia. igi
jasp naTaliSvili erevanSi Cavidnen da ale- uflebamosili iyo Seewyalebina ajanyebulebi
qsandre batoniSvili ajanyebis meTaurad da da daerwmunebina isini, rom dabrunebodnen
mefed moiwvies. Tavadebma batoniSvils kax- ojaxebs. 1812 wlis 9 maiss stali yabardos
eTis mosaxleobis werilis garda TuSebis, qveiTTa polkis pirveli batalioniT mdi-
fSavlebis, xevsurebis da yazaxeli TaTrebis nare ivrisaken gaemarTa, sadac SeierTa iq
werilebic Cautanes. aleqsandre batoniSvils ganlagebul imave polkis meore batalionis
kaxeTSi Casvla gadawyvetili hqonda, magram 2 aseuli. generalma Telavze galaSqrebamde
iranis damxmare jars eloda. jari ramdenime dRe ivris napiras SeaCera,
radgan niJni novgorodis dragunTa polkis
eskadronebis misvlas eloda. ivris napiras
gamarTuli banakidan stalma siRnaRisa da
§3. ajanyebis meore etapi (1812 wlis apri-
Telavis mazrebis mosaxleobas proklamacie-
li-noemberi).
bi (mowodebebi) gaugzavna, Tumca mosaxleo-
aleqsandre batoniSvils xels ar aZlev- baze am proklamaciebis zemoqmedebis imedi ar
da kaxeTSi ajanyebis Cacxroba, rac 1812 wlis hqonda. generali ajanyebulebs morCilebisa
april-maisidan SeiniSneboda. batoniSvilma da Sin dabrunebis sanacvlod Sewyalebas
262
vaxtang guruli
hpirdeboda. ajanyebulebma misi winadadeba zavna. 1812 wlis 17 maiss general-maior fio-
ar miiRes. ufro metic, Tavdebma rafiel eri- dor simonoviCs ebrZana imereTidan ajanyeb-
sTavma da ivane jorjaZem kaxeTis mosaxleobas ulTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad egerTa me-15
ajanyebisaken mouwodes. generalma stalma am polki gaegzavna.
ukanasknelT Tavisi warmomadgeneli gaugza- TelavTan dabanakebuli ajanyebulebis
vna, masTan gamocxadeba da monanieba mosTxo- winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad ruseTis jaris
va. amis sapasuxod rafiel erisTavma da ivane qveiTTa me-20 diviziis meTauri general-
jorjaZem Telavi srul alyaSi moaqcies, maiori dimitri orbeliani gaigzavna. gen-
ajanyebulTa piketebi uSualod qalaqis siax- erlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo 150 Crdiloka-
loves gamoCnda. cxadi gaxda, rom garkveuli vkasieli kazaki, qarTvel grenaderTa polkis
simSvidis Semdeg ajanyebam axali ZaliT if- aseulebi da qveiTTa me-20 diviziis polkebis
eTqa. oficrebisa da jariskacebisagan Semdgari sa-
yabardos qveiTTa polkis pirveli gangebo razmi
razmi.. TelavTan miaxloebis Semdeg
batalioni, romliTac generali stali ivris general orbelianis daqvemdebarebaSi unda
napiras dabanakda, sul 280 oficersa da ja- gadasuliyo general stalis jarebi. brZolis
riskacs iTvlida. imave polkis me-2 batali- dawyebamde generlebs unda gaevrcelebinaT
onis 2 aseulSi, marTalia, 329 oficeri da saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis proklamacia
jariskaci iyo, magram maTgan 100 jariskacs (mowodeba), romelic morCilebis gamocxadebis
iaraRi ar hqonda. am ZalebiT 1812 wlis 13 SemTxvevaSi ajanyebulebs patiebas aRuTqvam-
maiss stali sofel veliscixisaken daiZra. da. dimitri orbeliani gomboridan Telav-
gzaSi mas Seatyobines, rom 12 maiss, saRamos, isken 1812 wlis 19 maiss diliT daiZra im
veliscixeSi 100 ajanyebuli Sesula da mo- varaudiT, rom daRamebamde qalaqs miaRwevda.
saxleobisaTvis siRnaRze salaSqrod mouwo- gomboridan Telavisaken mimavali gza Znelad
debia. generals isic acnobes, rom 14 maiss savali iyo, alag-alag gza ajanyebulebs xer-
ajanyebulebi siRnaRTan gamoCndnen. velis- gilebiT gadaeketaT. amitom iyo, rom gener-
cixeSi Casulma stalma Seityo, rom ajanyebis ali orbeliani Telavidan 15 versis moSore-
erT-erTi moTavis, rafiel erisTavis, Zma biT SeCerda da Rame iq gaaTia. jarma gza 1812
sofel mukuzanTan dabanakebul ajanyebulebs wlis 20 maiss ganagrZo. jars erTi versic ar
Sexvedria. molaparakebis Semdeg 3.000 ajanye- hqondaT gavlili, rom Casafrebas waawyda.
buls brZola Seuwyvetia da ojaxebSi dab- ajanyebulebma cecxli gaxsnes, rusebma xel-
runebula. veliscixis mosaxleobis ruseTis CarTuli brZoliT Telavisaken gaikvlies gza
imperatoris erTgulebaze daficebis Semdeg da 20 maisis saRamosaTvis qalaqidan 4 ver-
generali stali siRnaRisaken daiZra. ajanye- sis moSorebiT SeCerdnen. aq dimitri orbe-
bulebma brZolas Tavi aarides da rusebi lianma Seityo, rom karl stals Telavi ukve
qalaqSi Sevidnen. siRnaRis mosaxleobis ru- daekavebina da ajanyebulTa nawils ruseTis
seTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daficebis imperatoris erTgulebis fici mieRo. dimi-
Semdeg stalma Telavis mazraSi saqarTvelos tri orbelianma TavisTan daibara ajanyebis
mTavarsardlis proklamaciiT (mowodebiT) is moTaveni, romelTac brZola Sewyvites da
bodbeli mitropoliti ioane gagzavna. mit- ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze xelaxla
ropolitis misias warmateba ar mohyolia. daifices. generals surda ajanyebis moTaveni
ajanyeba sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeboda, mdinare alaznis marcxena napirze gadaeyvana
TelavTan ajanyebulTa didi Zalebi iyrida da iqauri soflebis mosaxleobisaTvis dae-
Tavs. karl stali mixvda, rom YTelavTan da- mtkicebina, rom rusebs mowinaaRmdegeebi arc
banakebuli ajanyebulebis dasamarcxeblad CamouxrCviaT da arc cimbirSi gausaxlebiaT.
Zalebi ar eyofoda. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- amiT general orbelians imis damtkiceba sur-
dalma nikolai rtiSCevma kavkasiis xazidan da, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis aRTqmu-
Crdilokavkasiel kazakTa polki gamoiZaxa. li pirnaTlad sruldeboda. alaznis marcx-
imavdroulad kaxeTidan qarTlSi gadasas- ena napirze gadasul orbelians gzad winaaR-
vlel gzebze ruseTis jaris saguSagoebi mdegoba ar Sexvedria. sofel gavazSi Casuli
moewyo, aragvze yvela fonTan aseve ruseTis generali siRnaRSi dabrunda, xolo 1812 wlis
jari dadga. mosalodneli areulobis Tavi- 30 maiss Tbiliss moaRwia.
dan asacileblad duSeTSi 50 draguni gaig- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma nikolai
263
rtiSCevma general-maiori karl stali kax- Sualeba nikolai rtiSCevs ar hqonda, amitom
eTSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebis sardlad iyo, rom ajanyebulebTan mosalaparakeblad
daniSna. mas nabrZanebi hqonda yvela Rone man podpolkovniki Tavadi solomon erisTavi
exmara ajanyebis CasaxSobad. generlis gank- gagzavna. marTalia, fSavlebma da xevsurebma
argulebaSi iyo: yabardos qveiTTa polkis 1 podpolkovnik erisTavs piroba misces, rom
aseuli, niJni novgorodis dragunTa polkis ruseTis sawinaaRmdego qmedebebs aRar mimar-
4 eskadroni da 25 Crdilokavkasieli kazaki. Tavdnen, magram, miuxedavad amisa, 1812 wlis
am jariT stali alaznis napirebs gauyva da mTeli ivnisis ganmavlobaSi aleqsandre ba-
yvarlis cixeSi Sevida. yvarlis mosaxleobam toniSvilis mowodebis sapasuxod, mainc Zarc-
ruseTis imperatoris fici xelaxla miiRo. vavdnen ruseTis transports. mosaxleobis
ajanyebis kera TiTqos aRarsad arsebobda. erTguleba batoniSvilisadmi Zalze afiqreb-
qarTlSic siwynare iyo. ajanyebis moTaveebma da ruseTis xelisuflebas.
Sewyaleba miiRes, maTma nawilma ruseTis jar- 1812 wlis seqtembris pirvel ricxvebSi
Si samsaxuris survilic ki gamoTqva. ajanye- TbilisSi miiRes cnoba, rom aleqsandre ba-
bulTa damarcxebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis toniSvili sofel diRoms uaxlovdeboda,
general-maiorma dimitri orbelianma gener- mtkvris marcxena napirze gadasvlas da kax-
al-leitenantis samxedro wodeba miiRo. eTSi SeWras apirebda. am dros saqarTvelos
2. aleqsandre batoniSvilis dabruneba mTavarsardali nikolai rtiSCevi TbilisSi
saqarTveloSi da brZola ruseTis jaris wi- ar imyofeboda. igi yarabaRSi gaemgzavra abas
naaRmdeg. ajanyebis damarcxebiT gamowveu- mirzasTan mosalaparakeblad. samxreT kavka-
li sixaruli naadrevi aRmoCnda. 1812 wlis siaSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris sardlis
30 maiss yazaxis mouravma nikolai rtiSCevs movaleobas general-leitenanti dimitri or-
acnoba: kaxeTidan Casuli Tavadebi aleqsan- beliani asrulebda. generali orbeliani 70
dre batoniSvils TavrizSi abas mirzasTan grenaderisa da Crdilokavkasieli 25 kazakis
gaugzavnia, raTa piradad ecnobebinaT ira- TanxlebiT sofel diRomTan mtkvarze arse-
nis Sahis memkvidrisaTvis, rom batoniSvili buli fonisaken gaemarTa. generali mTeli
ajanyebis meTaurad iyo dadgenili. batoniS- Rame CasafrebaSi darCa, magram aleqsandre
vili varaudobda, kaxeli Tavadebis vizitis batoniSvili ar gamoCenila. dimitri orbeli-
Semdeg taxtis memkvidre ajanyebulTa dasax- anma ivarauda, rom batoniSvili sxva foniT
mareblad jaris gagzavnas daaCqarebda. abas isargeblebda. egerTa me-15 polkis meTaur
mirzam kaxeli Tavadebi gulgrilad miiRo polkovnik peCerskis ebrZana daekavebina mcx-
da konkretuladac arafers dahpirebia. ale- eTidan goramde mtkvarze arsebuli yvela
qsandre batoniSvils far-xmali ar dauyria, foni. peCerskim miRebuli brZanebis Sesrule-
kaxeTSi werilebi gamogzavna da mosaxleobas ba ver moaswro. 1812 wlis 6 seqtembers ale-
ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolisaken mouwoda. qsandre batoniSvilma gorsa da kasps Soris
kaxeTis baris mosaxleobaze werilebs didi (sofel kavTisxevis axlos) mtkvari gadmo-
efeqti ar mouxdenia, radgan ajanyebulTa laxa da sofel kavTisxevSi Sevida, saidanac
nawili ukve ojaxebSi iyo dabrunebuli. sa- TianeTSi avida. aleqsandre batoniSvilis
magierod, batoniSvilis mowodebas didi TianeTSi gamoCenas didi aRfrTovanebiT Sex-
gamoxmaureba mohyva TuSeTSi, fSavsa da xev- vda mosaxleoba. kaxeTidan da aRmosavleT
sureTSi. 1812 wlis 12 ivniss xalxi lomisobis saqarTvelos mTianeTis soflebidan uamra-
dResaswaulze Seikriba. dResaswaulze Cavida vi adamiani TianeTSi Cavida da ajanyebulTa
aleqsandre batoniSvilis warmomadgenelic. rigebs SeuerTda. rusebi kargad xvdebodnen,
man TuSebs, fSavlebsa da xevsurebs batoniS- rom ajanyebis xelaxla dawyebis mizezi saqa-
vilisa da iranis Sah feThi alis werilebi ga- rTveloSi aleqsandre batoniSvilis gamoCena
dasca. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi iyo. nikolai rtiSCevis TbilisSi aryofnis
kvlav mRelvareba daiwyo. ajanyebulebi Tavs periodSi dimitri orbeliani gaubedavad mo-
daesxnen ruseTis jaris saguSagoebs, rom- qmedebda. nacvlad TianeTze Setevisa, igi mx-
lebic ganlagebuli iyo gzaze Tbilisidan olod imas cdilobda, rom ajanyeba kaxeTsa
vladikavkazamde,, gaZarcves aRali, romelsac
vladikavkazamde da qarTls ar mosdeboda. amitom iyo, rom man
TbilisSi samxedro saWurveli da provianti polkovniki peCerski aragvis xeobaSi, xolo
mihqonda. aragvis xeobaSi jaris gagzavnis sa- polkovniki tixanovski alaznis velze gagzav-
264
vaxtang guruli
na. peCerskis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo egerTa me- avadmyofi da daWrili 35 jariskaci datova
15 polkis 1 batalioni. batalionis ZalebiT da Semdeg alaznis marjvena napirze gadavida.
polkovniks sofeli bulaCauri unda daeka- 1812 wlis 17 seqtembrisaTvis, aleqsan-
vebina. TianeTidan saqarTvelos samxedro dre batoniSvilis saqarTveloSi dabrunebi-
gzaze moxvedra mxolod bulaCauris gavliT dan 11 dRis Semdeg, general-leitenanti dim-
SeiZleboda. tixonovskis Tvalyuri unda itri orbeliani mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolve-
edevnebina kaxeTis mosaxleobisaTvis da Tu lad mzadebas Seudga. am droisaTvis gener-
ajanyeba daiwyeboda, saswrafo zomebi mieRo lis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo egerTa me-9 polkis
mis CasaxSobad. 1812 wlis 8 seqtembers tix- 3 aseuli 1 qvemexiT da 70 kazaki. orbeli-
anovski yabardos qveiTTa polkis 5 aseuliT ani Tbilisidan 18 seqtembris Rames gavida
siRnaRidan unda gasuliyo, gzaSi mas SeuerT- da 20 seqtembers, saRamos, siRnaRs miaRwia.
deboda veliscixeSi mdgari qveiTTa 1 aseuli siRnaRSi generalma Seityo, rom polkovnik
da TelavSi ganlagebuli batalioni. am Za- tixanovskisTan ajanyebulTa razmebis moq-
lebiT tixanovski 1812 wlis 13 seqtembers medebis gamo kavSiri Sewyvetili iyo. dimitri
alaverdis monasterTan unda dabanakebuliyo. orbeliani siRnaRSi SeCerda da Tbilisidan
alaverdobis dResaswaulze, qarTlisa da kax- xersonis grenaderTa polkis 1 batalioni,
eTis baris mosaxleobis garda, Tavs iyridnen yabardos qveiTTa polkis 1 aseuli da 75
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTidan Camo- kazaki gamoiZaxa. Tbilisidan jari siRnaR-
sulebi (fSavlebi, TuSebi, xevsurebi), aseve Si 26 seqtembers Cavida. 27 seqtembers gen-
lekebi. nikolai rtiSCevi darwmunebuli iyo, erali orbeliani polkovnik tixanovskisTan
rom aleqsandre batoniSvili alaverdobis SesaerTeblad daiZra. siRnaRidan 12 versis
dResaswaulze Tavs saqarTvelos mefed ga- gavlis Semdeg dimitri orbelians Sejaxeba
moacxadebda. polkovnikma tixanovskim zus- mouxda ajanyebulebTan. Semdgomi 3 dRis gan-
tad Seasrula miRebuli brZaneba da alaver- mavlobaSi ajanyebulebi mudmivad esxmodnen
dis monasterTan poziciebi daikava. nikolai Tavs ruseTis jars. 1812 wlis 1 oqtombers
rtiSCevisTvis moulodnelad aleqsandre ba- alazanze, faSaanis fonTan, general orbeli-
toniSvili alaverdobis dResaswaulze ar mi- anisa da polkovnik tixanovskis jarebi gaer-
sula. rusebi aSkarad daibnen. Tiandnen. generalma Tavis gankargulebaSi
aleqsandre batoniSvili Tvalyurs ad- arsebuli mTeli Zalebi alaznis orive na-
evnebda peCerskisa da tixanovskis gadaadg- pirze ganalaga da aleqsandre batoniSvilTan
ilebas. batoniSvilma peCerskisa da tixanovs- Sesabmelad moemzada.
kis jarebis banakebs Soris mSvidobianad gai- general-leitenanti dimitri orbeliani
ara da sofel Sildis axlos alaznis marcx- 10 dRe sofel nukrianSi idga. igi yovelnai-
ena napirze gadavida. 1812 wlis 20 seqtembers rad cdilobda kaxelebi aleqsandre batoniS-
polkovniki tixanovski aleqsandre batoniS- vilis Sepyrobasa da rusebisaTvis gadacemaze
vils daedevna, WinWrianis foniT alaznis daeTanxmebina, magram uSedegod. gabrazebuli
marcxena napirze gadavida da Sildas miadga. generali gurjaanisaken gaemarTa. gurjaanis
20 seqtembers SildasTan gaimarTa pirveli axlos, norCebSi
norCebSi,, ajanyebulebsa da rusebs
didi brZola ruseTis jarsa da aleqsandre Soris brZola gaimarTa. rusebi damarcxd-
batoniSvils Soris. Silda ajanyebulebs kar- nen da 200 oficeri da jariskaci dakarges.
gad hqondaT gamagrebuli, brZolebi uSua- dimitri orbelianma ajanyebulTa daSinebis
lod sofelSi, venaxebsa da baRebSi, mimdin- mizniT tyved Cavardnili qiziyeli ioseb ma-
areobda. ajanyebulebma brZolaSi 200 rusi maniSvili (qeduri) CamoaxrCobina, ramac mo-
jariskaci da 4 oficeri mokles. polkovnikma saxleobis ukiduresi aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia.
tixanovskim ukan daixia da imave dRes kvlav gurjaanSi gaCereba generalma saxifaTod mi-
Seutia Sildas. brZolaSi qarTvelebTan er- iCnia da tye-tye sofel veliscixisaken gae-
Tad daiRupa aleqsandre batoniSvilis mx- marTa. tyeSi rusebi ajanyebulTa Casafrebas
ares mebrZoli lekebis beladi. ajanyebule- waawydnen da moklulTa da daWrilTa saxiT
bi iZulebuli gaxdnen Silda daetovebinaT. 100 kaci dakarges. tyeSi gzis gagrZeleba sa-
tixanovskim sofeli Silda gadawva. batoniS- SiSi iyo, amitom jari tyidan gamovida, ve-
vilma sofel sabues Seafara Tavi. Sildidan liscixes miaRwia da sofeli gadawva. meore
tixanovski yvarlis cixisaken gaemarTa, sadac diliT rusebma gza gaagrZeles. ajanyebulebi
265
ramdenjerme daesxnen Tavs rusebs. dimitri Cis daqvemdebarebaSi gadadioda aragvis xeo-
orbelianma faSaanis foniT alazanze gadas- baSi myofi yvela samxedro nawili. simonoviCs
vla moaxerxa da, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ebrZana gaevlo mTeli samxedro gza vladika-
1812 wlis 1 oqtombers dimitri orbelianisa vkazamde. generlis ananurSi Casvlis drois-
da polkovnik tixanovskis jarebi gaerTiand- aTvis saqarTvelos samxedro gza peCerskis,
nen. krabbes da gurlebums ukve gawmendili hqon-
polkovnikma peCerskim egerTa me-15 pol- daT. mTiuleTisa da gudamayris mosaxleobam
kis batalioniT sofeli bulaCauri gaiara da morCileba gamoacxada da ruseTis imperato-
ananurSi Cavida. rusebs gzaze ajanyebulTa ris erTgulebaze daifica.
razmebTan uxdebodaT Sejaxeba. 1812 wlis simonoviCi fasanauridan ukan dabrunda,
3 oqtombers peCerski ananuridan gavida da gzaSi ajanyebulTa ramdenime razmi gafanta
saqarTvelos samxedro gzaze gaagrZela moZ- da saguramos, martyofis, xaSmisa da patar-
raoba. ananuris Semdeg samxedro gza ukve Zeulis gavliT kaxeTSi Cavida, sadac gener-
ajanyebulTa xelSi iyo. gzaze moewyoT xer- al-leitenant dimitri orbelianis jarebs
gilebi, daengriaT xidebi, ananursa da vla- SeuerTda. dimitri orbelianma didi dro da
dikavkazs Soris gawyvetili iyo kavSiri. du- energia daxarja, magram aleqsandre batoniS-
SeTidan kaiSauramde saqarTvelos samxedro vilTan brZolis gamarTva ver moaxerxa. ba-
gzaze ganlagebul ruseTis jaris saguSagoe- toniSvili sxvadaxva fonis gamoyenebiT alaz-
bze suzdalis polki idga. polkis meTauri nis erTi napiridan meoreze gadadioda da ru-
maiori nikolski mcire razmiT (20 mebrZoli) seTis jars aiZulebda Seusvenebliv emoZrava.
samxedro gzis Sesamowmeblad gaemarTa. fasan- dimitri orbeliani werda: erTi soflis mo-
aurTan rusebi ajanyebulebma alyaSi moaq- saxleobas davamSvideb, davaficeb, magram ga-
cies, nawili daxoces, nawili tyved waiyvanes. daval Tu ara meore sofelSi, Cem mier damS-
tyved aiyvanes maiori nikolski da umcrosi videbuli sofeli kvlav ajanydeba da ale-
oficeri mileri
mileri.. milers peterburgSi saqa- qsandre batoniSvils emxrobao. wvril-wvril
rTvelos mTavarsardlis moxsenebebi mi- Sejaxebebs orive mxarsisaTvis seriozuli
hqonda. polkovniki peCerski saswrafod gae- zarali mohqonda, rusebma kaxeTis ramdenime
marTa fasanaurisaken, magram saqarTvelos sofeli gadawves. miuxedavad imisa, rom gen-
samxedro gza mcxeTidan (RarTiskaridan) eral orbelians gacilebiT didi Zalebi hy-
kaiSauramde ukve ajanyebulTa xelSi iyo. avda, batoniSvili kvlav warmatebiT manevri-
polkovniks brZolisaTvis sakmarisi Zalebi rebda sabues, Sildas, yvarelsa da veliscixes
ar gaaCnda, amitom damxmare jaris gagzavna Soris.
iTxova. dimitri orbelianis kaxeTSi wasvlis sabuedan aleqsandre batoniSvili sofel
Semdeg TbilisSi ganlagebul ruseTis jars SaqrianSi gadavida, saidanac jer kalaurSi
kalaurSi,,
general-maiori fiodor simonoviCi meTau- xolo Semdeg veliscixeSi Cavida. dimitri
robda. generalma borCalos distanciidan orbeliani fexdafex misdevda mas, magram
egerTa 46-e polkis 1 batalioni moxsna da brZola versad gaumarTa. veliscixidan ba-
podpolkovnik fon karl krabbes meTaurobiT toniSvili sofel CalaubanSi gadavida, sadac
polkovnik peCerskis miaSvela. am droisaTvis, mas dasaxmareblad mosuli lekebi (5.000 mebr-
nikolai rtiSCevis mier yarabaRidan gacemu- Zoli) SeuerTdnen. rogorc ki dimitri or-
li brZanebis Tanaxmad, vladikavkazidan saqa- belianma CalaubanSi lekebis misvla Seityo,
rTvelos samxedro gzis gasawmendad egerTa polkovnik tixanovskisTan erTad sofel
me-16 polkis 2 aseuli da yazanis polkis 2 anagisaken gaemarTa da mis axlos dabanakda.
aseuli daiZra maior gurlebumis meTauro- generals eSinoda, rom aleqsandre batoniS-
biT. 1812 wlis oqtombris pirvel ricxvebSi vils lekebis daxmarebiT siRnaRis cixeze ar
nikolai rtiSCevi yarabaRidan TbilisSi dab- mietana ieriSi. siRnaRis cixis garSemo 1812
runda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma maSinve wlis 18 oqtombridan idgnen ajanyebulebi da
miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom, upirveles yov- lekTa erTi razmi da mis aRebas cdilobdnen.
lisa, aucilebeli iyo saqarTvelos samxedro Tu aleqsandre batoniSvili da misi damxmare
gzis gawmenda ajanyebulebisagan. aragvis xeo- 5.000 leki siRnaRis cixes Seutevda, garnizons
baSi 3 batalioniT general-maiori simonoviCi cudi dRe daadgeboda. siRnaRis komendanti am
gaigzavna. garda am batalionebisa, simonovi- dros dimitri orbelianis Zma maiori yaflan
266
vaxtang guruli
orbeliani iyo. erTi wyaros mixedviT, cixis noembers dimitri orbelianisa da fiodor
garnizoni 200 mebrZolisagan, xolo meore wy- simonoviCis gaerTianebulma jarma ajanye-
aros mixedviT, 800 mebrZolisagan Sedgeboda. bulebi daamarcxa da aleqsandre batoniS-
yaflan orbelianTan erTad am dros cixeSi vilma mcire razmiT gomboris mTebs Seafara
imyofebodnen qiziyis mouravi ioseb androni- Tavi, xolo Semdeg sofel kisisxevSi SeCerda.
kaSvili,, ninia afxaziSvili da kidev ramdenime
kaSvili polkovniki tixanovski cdilobda gza moeWra
kaxeli Tavadi. aleqsandre batoniSvili le- batoniSvilisaTvis. rusebma veliscixesTan
kebTan erTad Calaubnidan sofel maRaroSi aleqsandre batoniSvilis dasaxmareblad mi-
gadavida. siRnaRis SenarCunebis mizniT dimi- mavali lekebis razmi gafantes, xolo Semdeg
tri orbelianma aseTi manevri Caatara: ruse- batoniSvils daedevnen. seriozuli samxedro
Tis jarma siRnaRs aRmosavleTidan Semouara Zalis gareSe darCenili batoniSvili sofel
da 1812 wlis 23 oqtombers ajanyebulTa fSavlebSi gadavida, saidanac TianeTSi avida.
zurgSi soflebi prasiani da zemo maCxaani dimitri orbeliani kvaldakval misdevda ba-
daikava. dimitri orbelianis mier pozociebis toniSvils, SiSobda, fSavSi, xevsureTsa da
dakavebisTanave siRnaRis cixidan gamosulma TuSeTSi mas axali laSqari ar Seekriba.
garnizonma ajanyebulebs da lekebs Seutia,
xolo dimitri orbelianma ajanyebulebs 3. ajanyebis damarcxeba. 1812 wlis 28
zurgidan daartya. aleqsandre batoniSvili noembers sofel manavTan gancdili marcxis
damarcxda da siRnaRidan ukan daixia. Semdeg aleqsandre batoniSvils axali Za-
1812 wlis 1 noembers nikolai rtiSCevi lebis Tavmoyra da brZolis gagrZeleba aRar
gaxarebuli moaxsenebda ruseTis imperators: SeeZlo. kaxeTis yvela strategiul punqtSi
SildasTan damarcxebis Semdeg aleqsandre ba- ruseTis jari idga, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
toniSvilma qiziySi jari Sekriba da siRnaRis saqarTvelos mTavarsardals SeeZlo kidev
aReba scada, magram dimitri orbelianma da gadaesrola jarebi kaxeTSi. ar Canda dapire-
cixis garnizonma ajanyebulebi sastikad daa- buli daxmareba iranidan. rusebTan brZolaSi
marcxeso. ramdenjerme damarcxebulma lekebma kaxeTi
siRnaRTan damarcxebulma aleqsandre datoves. ajanyebulebi damarcxdnen aragvis
batoniSvilma 6.000 mebrZoliT Calaubnis xeobaSic. aseT viTarebaSi brZolis gagrZele-
xeobas Seafara Tavi. dimitri orbelianma ba mxolod axal msxverpls moitanda.
xeobaSi Sesvla ver gabeda, radgan did msx- 1813 wlis 5 ianvars saqarTvelos mTa-
verpls moerida. am dros mas acnobes, rom varsardali nikolai rtiSCevi ruseTis impe-
sagarejoSi general-maiori fiodor simo- riis kancler nikolai rumiancevs moaxseneb-
noviCi Cavida. rusebis damxmare jaris mos- da: ajanyeba damarcxda, kaxeTis mosaxleoba
vlis ambavi ajanyebulebmac Seityves. ale- morCilebaSia moyvanilio.
qsandre batoniSvilisTvis naTeli gaxda, rom 4. aleqsandre batoniSvili xevsureTSi.
Calaubnis xeobaSi darCenis SemTxvevaSi mas xevsureTSi gadasvliT aleqsandre batoniS-
erTi mxridan orbeliani, xolo meore mxri- vilma mZime mdgomareobaSi Caayena rusebi. say-
dan simonoviCi Seutevda. amitom iyo, rom ba- ovelTaod iyo cnobili xevsurTa erTguleba
toniSvilma aRar daayovna, sofel manavisaken qarTl-kaxeTis samefo karisadmi. nikolai
gaemarTa da simonoviCTan SesabrZoleblad rtiSCevs imis imedi ar unda hqonoda, rom xe-
moemzada. Seityo Tu ara aleqsandre batoniS- vsurebi batoniSvils gascemdnen. garda amisa,
vilis manevris Sesaxeb, dimitri orbelianma batoniSvilis xevsureTSi gadasvlis drois-
jaris nawili siRnaRSi datova, polkovniki aTvis mTebi ukve TovliT iyo dafaruli, ris
tixanovski egerTa me-9 polkis 1 batalioniT gamoc ruseTis jars Zalze gauWirdeboda
simonoviCis dasaxmareblad gagzavna, xolo kvalSi Casdgomoda mas. Seqmnil viTarebaSi
TviTon 450 mebrZoliT 1812 wlis 26 noem- rtiSCevma xevsureTidan kaxeTsa da qarTli-
bers manavisaken daiZra. simonoviCi da orbe- saken momavali yvela gza Caketa. saqarT-
liani winaswar Cafiqrebuli gegmis Tanaxmad, velos mTavarsardals eSinoda, aleqsandre
manavs sxvadasxva mxridan miuaxlovdnen. am batoniSvili kaxeTSi ar dabrunebuliyo da
droisaTvis orive generlis daqvemdebare- axali ajanyeba ar wamoewyo. amasTan erTad,
baSi 2.000 oficeri da jariskaci iyo, rusebs rtiSCevma werili gaugzavna batoniSvils da,
Tan hqondaT savele zarbaznebi. 1812 wlis 28 morCilebis gamocxadebis SemTxvevaSi, impera-
267
toris saxeliT Sewyalebas dahpirda. saqarT- ruseTis batonobiT Tabmobezrebul mTiele-

velos mTavarsardali meamboxe batoniSvils bze gavlenas axdenda. batoniSvils garkveul
mianiSnebda, rom misi mizeziT uamravi udana- imedebs aRuZravda iranis mxardaWera. erevnis
Saulo adamiani daiRupa. aleqsandre batoniS- xanma husein yulim kaxeTisa da aragvis xeobis
vili sapasuxo werilSi werda:~ ramdeni aTasi mosaxleobas ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolisak-
Cvili gaJlita irodma Cvili qristesaTvis, en mouwoda.
magram yrmaTa sisxlis daRvraSi qriste dam- Seqmnili viTarebis gaanalizebis Sem-
naSave ar iyo. xolo is yrmebi wamebulebad deg rtiSCevma xevsureTSi jarebis Seyvanis
Seiracxnen. TviTon gansajeT: Tu mamulisa gadawyvitileba miiRo. saqarTvelos mTa-
da rwmenisaTvis ar irjebi, maS, riRasTvis varsardali werda: `saqarTvelos sakeTil-
irjebi ruseTidan Camosvlis dRidan? risT- dReod mTielebi unda daisajon, unda CaiS-
vis gadaitaneT amdeni wameba, risTvis gaqvT alos maTi mavne SeTqmuleba, maTSi unda
yoveldRe simSvide darRveuli? me msayvedu- Cainergos Cveni iaraRisadmi SiSi da mor-
robT imis gamo, rom samSoblos, xalxisa da Cileba~. miuxedavad aseTi gadawyvetilebisa,
rwmenisaTvis vibrZvi?~ igi garkveul SiSsac gamoTqvamda imis gamo,
xevsureTSi myofma aleqsandre batoniS- rom `dasabamidan dRemde xevsurebi aravis ar
vilma Seityo, rom iranSi gagzavnili misi dausjia~, xolo àdgilebi, sadac xevsurebi
warmomadgeneli Tavadi ioseb andronikaSvili cxovroben, miudgomelia~.
saqarTveloSi brundeboda da Tan abas mirzas xevsureTSi laSqrobis dawyebamde ruse-
naboZebi 200.000 maneTi mohqonda. am cnobam bi Seecadnen yovelgvari cnobebi Seegrovebi-
igi gaamxneva. SatilSi myofma batoniSvilma naT xevsureTis, gansakuTrebiT xevsureTSi
kavSiri daamyara CeCnebTan, inguSebTan, yabar- mimavali gzebis Sesaxeb. laSqrobamde niko-
doelebTan, lekebTan da maT jariT daxmareba lai rtiSCevma yvelaferi gaakeTa imisaTvis,
sTxova. am molaparakebis detalebze sau- rom ruseTis jaris xevsureTSi Sesvlis Sem-
brobda rtiSCevi ruseTis imperatorisaT- deg kaxeTSi axali ajanyeba ar dawyebuliyo.
vis 1813 wlis 11 ivliss gagzavnil moxsene- gaZlierda kaxeTSi arsebuli garnizonebi,
baSi. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aRniSnavda: alaznis orive napirze damatebiT ganlagda
aleqsandre batoniSvili CeCnebs, inguSebs, jari: sofel baxtrionSi yabardos qveiTTa
yabardoelebsa da lekebs, rogorc ki gzebi polkis 1 aseuli 1 zarbazniT; sofel Sil-
gaixsneboda, rusebis gandevnaSi Tanadgomas dasa da sofel sabueSi egerTa me-15 polkis
sTxovdao. sainteresoa erTi cnoba, romelic 2 aseuli 1 zarbazniT; sofel TianeTSi 100
daculia general-maior semion portniaginis oficeri da jariskaci 1 zarbazniT. am jarebs
1813 wlis 30 maisis moxsenebaSi: aleqsandre saimedod unda daecvaT xevsureTSi SeWrili
batoniSvils xmebi gauvrcelebia, rom safr- ruseTis jaris zurgi, rogorc kaxeTSi mosa-
angeTis armiam imperator napoleonis sard- lodneli ajanyebis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi, ise
lobiT moskovi da peterburgi daikava, xolo aleqsandre batoniSvilis waqezebiT kaxeTze
ruseTis imperatori aleqsandr I qalaq yaza- lekebis Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSic. xevsureT-
nis mimarTulebiT gaiqca im imediT, rom na- Si mimavali gza fSavze gadioda, amitom iyo,
poleonTan zavis dadebas miaRwevda; safran- rom rtiSCevi fSavlebis Tanadgomis mopove-
geTis imperatori ruseTis imperators zavis bas cdilobda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
dadebis erT-erT pirobad dapyrobili teri- kargad icoda, rom fSavlebi rusebs Tanadgo-
toriebis kanonieri mflobelebisaTvis dab- mas ar gamoucxadebdnen. maTi ganeitralebis
runebas da saqarTveloSi mefobis aRdgenas mizniT generalma aseTi ram moifiqra: rusebs
uyenebda; ruseTis imperators napoleonis wi- winaswar unda CamoerTmiaT fSavlebisaTvis
nadadebis Sesrulebis survili gamouTqvams, kaxeTis saZovrebze gasuli jogi (daaxloebiT
magram zavis dadebis winaaRmdegi rusi xalxi 40.000 suli Zroxa da cxvari) da igi mxolod
wasulao. gavrcelebuli xmebis mixedviT, xevsureTSi laSqrobis Semdeg daebrunebinaT.
zavze molaparakebis CaSlis gamo 1813 wlis garda amisa, saimedod unda CaeketaT fSavi-
martSi safrangeTsa da ruseTs Soris TiTqos dan mcxeTisa da Tbilisisaken momavali yvela
axali omi unda dawyebuliyo. marTalia, ale- gza, raTa fSavlebisaTvis barSi marilisa da
qsandre batoniSvilis mier gavrcelebuli sxva produqtis Sesyidvis saSualeba moespoT.
xmebi simarTlesTan axlos ar iyo, magram am RonisZiebebis gatarebis Semdeg rtiSCevma
268
vaxtang guruli
proklamaciiT (mowodebiT) mimarTa fSavis mo- al-maiori karl stali meTaurobda fasanau-
saxleobas. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ul- ridan unda gasuliyo, gaevlo gudamayris xe-
timatumis formiT iTxovda ori kviris gan- oba da sofel xaxmatSi unda SeerTeboda meo-
mavlobaSi fSavSi TavSefarebuli aleqsandre re kolonas; meoTxe kolona (yazanis qveiTTa
batoniSvilis yvela TanamebrZolis gadace- polkis 2 aseuli, 50 Tergis kazaki da osebis
mas. moTxovnis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi razmi), romelsac polkovniki gabriel yazbe-
generali imuqreboda, rom fSavSi qvas qvaze gi meTaurobda stefanwmindidan daiZreboda,
ar datovebda, aravis daindobda. fSavlebi gaivlida snos (RuduSauris)
(RuduSauris) xeobas, gadavi-
iZulebulni gaxdnen xevsureTSi mimavali ru- doda xevsureTSi da daikavebda sofel Ruls
Ruls..
seTis jari daubrkoleblad gaetarebinaT. 1813 wlis 23 maiss general simonoviCis,
nikolai rtiSCevma sagangebod SerCeuli polkovnik tixanovskisa da general stalis
oficrebisa da jariskacebisagan Zlieri razmi kolonebi xevsureTisaken daiZrnen. simo-
Camoayaliba da Satilisaken daZra. rusebi noviCi pankisis xeobaSi Sevida. aRmoCnda, rom
Satils oTxi mxridan utevdnen. sabrZolo sofel pankisis iqiT gza jaris gadaadgilebi-
moqmedebebis saerTo xelmZRvaneloba gener- saTvis gamousadegari iyo, bilikebi mTlianad
al-maior fiodor simonoviCs hqonda dava- TovliT iyo dafaruli. jars, mdinare arRu-
lebuli. sabrZolo moqmedebebis dawyebamde nis zemo welSi rom gadasuliyo, ori uRel-
nikolai rtiSCevma xevsureTis mosaxleobas texili unda gadaevlo, romelTagan pirveli
ori piroba wauyena: morCilebis gamocxadeba _ didgverdis uReltexili _ zRvis donidan
da aleqsandre batoniSvilis gadacema. saqa- 3.352 metrze mdebareobda, xolo meore _
rTvelos mTavarsardalma simonoviCs daavala awuntisa _ 3.743 metrze. am uReltexilebis
winaswar moeZebna xevsurebSi didi avtorite- gadavla rusis jarisaTvis warmoudgeneli
tis mqone adamianebi (saubari iyo xevisbere- iyo. amitom simonoviCma uReltexilebis
bze, xatis dekanozebze, mamac mebrZolebze gadalaxvas Tavi aarida da fSavis aragvis xe-
da sxv. _ v. g.), raTa maT gavlena moexdinaT obaSi gadavida. marTalia, es gza SedarebiT
mosaxleobaze. ukeTesi iyo, magram ruseTis jaris gadaadg-
1813 wlis maisis Sua ricxvebisaTvis ru- ilebas xels uSlida didi Tovli. xuTi dRis
seTis jari general simonoviCis meTauro- Semdeg rusis jarma maTuras uReltexiliT
biT mzad iyo xevsureTze laSqrobis dasaw- (zRvis donidan 3.169 metri) kavkasionis mTa-
yebad. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma nikolai vari qedi gadaiara da 1813 wlis 30 maiss
rtiSCevma 1813 wlis 17 aprils simonoviCisad- sofel xaxaboSi Sevida.
mi micemul miwerilobaSi xevsureTze laSqro- 1813 wlis 23 maiss fasanauridan gasuli
bis gegma ase gansazRvra: pirveli kolona general stalis kolona gudamayris xeobis
(xersonis grenaderTa polkis 357 oficeri da gavlis Semdeg bakurxevis xeobaSi Sevida. gu-
jariskaci, egerTa me-9 polkis 440 oficeri damayrisa da xevsureTis gamyof qedze arse-
da jariskaci, 25 doneli kazaki), romelTac bul uReltexilze 25 maiss rusebi xevsurebis
Tavad generali fiodor simonoviCi meTau- Casafrebas waawydnen. rusebma cecxli gaxsnes,
robda, sofel axmetidan unda gasuliyo, magram kargad momzadebuli xevsurebi fexs
gaevlo pankisis xeoba, asuliyo TuSeTSi da ar icvlidnen. stali mixvda, rom erTaderTi
aRmosavleTis mxridan misdgomoda Satils; gamosavali uReltexilis ieriSiT aReba iyo,
meore kolona (yabardos qveiTTa polkis 808 Tumca es warmoudgenlad Zneli iqneboda.
oficeri da jariskaci da 25 doneli kazaki), amitom iyo, rom generalma gadawyvita, xev-
romelsac polkovniki tixanovski meTaurob- surebisaTvis flangebidan Semoevlo. Semov-
da, sofel TianeTidan daiZreboda, gaivlida liTi manevris paralelurad stalma uRel-
fSavis (TeTri)
(TeTri) aragvis xeobas, Semdeg xev- texilze ieriSi miitana. xevsurebi Casafrebi-
sureTis aragvis xeobas da daikavebda sofel dan gamovidnen da xmaldaxmal ekveTnen xiSte-
xaxmats.. xaxmatSi meore kolona unda SeerTe-
xaxmats biT SeiaraRebul rusebs. xevsurebs TavianTi
boda mesame kolonas; mesame kolona (suzda- javSnis imedi hqondaT, magram aRmoCnda, rom
lis qveiTTa polkis 2 aseuli, egerTa me-16 rusuli xiSti advilad xvretda rogorc jaW-
polkis 2 aseuli, niJni novgorodis dragunTa vis perangs, ise CaCqans. brZolaSi bevri xe-
polkis 4 eskadroni da 50 Tergis kazaki, sul vsuri daiRupa. gadarCenilebma ukan daixies.
766 oficeri da jariskaci), romelsac gener- 26 maiss stali sofel barisaxos miuaxlovda,
269
raTa xevsureTis aragvis meore napirze ga- strategiuli adgilebis dakaveba scada. simo-
dasuliyo. barisaxoSi ajanyebulTa sakmaod noviCma samive kolonis ZaliT Seteva daiwyo
didi Zala iyo Tavmoyrili. miuxedavad sas- da ajanyebulebs strategiuli simaRleebi
tiki winaaRmdegobisa, 27 maiss rusebi aragvis daatovebina. amis Semdeg Satilis dakaveba
meore napirze gadavidnen da 28 maiss sofel rusebisaTvis ukve did siZneles aRar war-
xaxmatSi polkovnik tixanovskis kolonas moadgenda. xevsurebma da qistebma bolomde
SeuerTdnen . uerTgules aleqsandre batoniSvils da aly-
1813 wlis 30 maiss ruseTis jaris samive aSemortymuli Satilidan rusebis Zlieri
kolona sofel xaxabosTan gaerTianda. gabri- cecxlis qveS igi arRunis xeobiT CeCneTSi
el yazbegis kolona sursaTiT momaragebaSi gaiyvanes. fiodor simonoviCma batoniSvils
Seqmnili siZneleebisa da didTovlianobis polkovnik tixanovskis razmi daadevna. 1813
gamo igvianebda. moxeveebi mdinare arRunis wlis 4 ivniss Satilidan gasulma tixanovskis
saTaveebTan mxolod 31 maiss gamoCndnen. ma- razmma arRunis xeobaSi dinebis mimarTule-
namde maT sofel RulTan xevsurebis razmi biT 12 versi gaiara, CeCneTis 9 sofeli gadaw-
daamarcxes. sofel xaxabodan simonoviCma Sa- va da 5 ivniss SatilSi dabrunda.
tilSi gamagrebul aleqsandre batoniSvils aleqsandre batoniSvilma icoda, rom
werili gaugzavna da damorCilebis SemTxveva- rusebi CeCneTs cud dRes daayridnen, amitom
Si imperatoris saxeliT Sewyalebas dahpirda. maleve daRestanSi gadavida, Semdeg ki avari-
batoniSvilTan werili Tavadma ivane gurgeni- aSi SeCerda.
Zem waiRo. xevsurebma Tavadi SatilSi misv- 1813 wlis 6 ivniss simonoviCi Satilidan
lamde mokles, Tumca werili batoniSvils sofel xaxmatSi Cavida, sadac rusebs artile-
mainc gadasces. batoniSvils xevsurebisa da ria hqondaT datovebuli. 8 ivniss man genera-
mis dasaxmareblad mosuli CeCnebis imedi li stali da polkovniki tixanovski xevsure-
hqonda, amitom simonoviCs araferi upasuxa. Tis soflebis dasarbevad gagzavna. 8 ivnisi-
generalma zarbaznebi sofel xaxmatTan dato- dan 12 ivnisamde rusebsa da xevsurebs Soris
va da 300 oficrisa da jariskacis TanxlebiT sastiki brZolebi mimdinareobda. rusebs yve-
31 maiss mdinare arRunis xeobiT Satilisaken la soflis aReba SturmiT uxdebodaT. jarma
daiZra. xeoba Zalze viwro iyo, rac jaris zarbaznebis gamoyenebiT mTlianad gadawva 20
moZraobas aferxebda. amitom iyo, rom simo- sofeli.
noviCma Tavisi razmi sam nawilad dayo. pirve- 1813 wlis 13 ivniss fSavSi, sofel
li razmi tixanovskis meTaurobiT mdinare SuafxosTan simonoviCis, stalisa da tix-
arRunis marcxena napirs gahyva, meore razmi anovskis kolonebi SeerTdnen da 15 ivniss
general-maior stalis meTaurobiT - marjve- TianeTSi Sevidnen. amiT xevsureTis eqspedicia
na napirs, simonoviCi mesame razmiT uSualod dasrulda. xevsureTSi mimdinare brZolebis
arRunis xeobiT miiwevda win. 1 ivniss razmis dros rusebma moklulTa da daWrilTa saxiT
samive nawili, didi siZneleebis miuxedavad, 123 oficeri da jariskaci dakarges.
mainc miiwevda win. mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi ase damTavrda rusebis winaaRmdeg kidev
xevsurebi da CeCnebi Tavs esxmodnen rusebs, erTi ajanyeba. Tavganwiruli winaaRmdegobis
brZola arc dabindebisas Sewyvetila. xev- miuxedavad, uTanasworo brZolaSi qarTvele-
surebi rusebs banakis mowyobis saSualebas ar bi damarcxdnen. aleqsandre batoniSvili sam-
aZlevdnen. 1 ivniss simonoviCma sofel Rulze Soblodan gadaixvewa.
miitana ieriSi. 2 ivniss isev gagrZelda sisx- 5. ajanyebulTa dasja. saqarTvelos mTa-
lismRvreli brZolebi. xevsurebi Tavgamo- varsardalma nikolai rtiSCevma 1813 wlis 5
debiT icavdnen sofels. 31 maisidan 2 ivni- ianvars peterburgs kaxeTSi ajanyebis damar-
sis CaTvliT maT qistebTan erTad brZolaSi cxebis sasixarulo ambavi amcno, xolo 1813
600 mebrZoli dakarges. RulisaTvis brZola wlis 11 ivliss _ xevsureTis eqspediciis
saerTo jamSi 36 saaTi gagrZelda. 2 ivniss warmatebiT dasruleba.
rusebma sofeli Ruli daikaves da Satili- ajanyebis damarcxebis droisaTvis masSi
saken gaagrZeles winsvla. monawile mravali Tavadi, aznauri da glexi
Satili kargad iyo gamagrebuli. 1813 ukve dapatimrebuli hyavdaT. maTi ricxvi Za-
wlis 3 ivniss aleqsandre batoniSvilma xelze didi iyo, magram nikolai rtiSCevi mainc
vsurebisa da qistebis ZalebiT Satilis `damnaSaveTa~ ricxvis xelovnurad gazrdas
270
vaxtang guruli
cdilobda. mkacri sasjelisaTvis aucilebel danaSauls

dapatimrebulTa pirvel, ZiriTad, siaSi ver daudasturebdnen, amitom iyo, rom igi
iyvnen Tavadebi: ivane andronikaSvili (siR- kaxeTSi myof generlebs dimitri orbeliansa
naRis mazris Tavadaznaurobis yofili mar- da fiodor simonoviCs ubrZanebda: dapatim-
Sali) SvilebiTurT, zurab andronikaSvili rebuli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis danaSaulis
ZmebiTurT, revaz andronikaSvili, abel an- dasamtkiceblad Cveneba CamoarTviT ruse-
dronikaSvili, dimitri andronikaSvili, svi- Tis erTgul adamianebso. Telavis mazraSi
mon andronikaSvili, daviT andronikaSvili, mcxovrebi ajanyebis monawileebis danaSaulis
ninia CerqeziSvili, ninia nikolozis Ze Cerqez- dasamtkiceblad Cvenebebi unda CamoerTmiaT
iSvili, barZim CerqeziSvili, solomon aval- Telavis mazris Tavadaznaurobis marSlisa
iSvili, petre avaliSvili, dimitri glaxas Ze da mazris mouravisaTvis, siRnaRis mazris
TarxniSvili, nikoloz abaSiZe, ninia onanaS- mouravisaTvis, siRnaRis komendantisa da
vili, dimitri gurgenis Ze vaCnaZe, gorjasp qiziySi dabanakebuli jaris meTaurisaTvis.
aRaToSvili, saridan aRaToSvili, erasti an- samxedro sasamarTlom ajanyebis im
dronikaSvili, ninia maRalaSvili, giorgi Tux- monawileebs, romelTac danaSauli daumtkic-
areli, dimitri saginaSvili, daviT CokaSvili, daT, cimbirSi gadasaxleba miusaja. saqarT-
dimitri ColoyaSvili (sofel kalauridan), velos uzenaesma mTavrobam, nikolai rtiSCev-
nikoloz ColoyaSvili (kolegiis asesori), is brZanebis Tanaxmad, cimbirSi gadasaxlebu-
ioseb ColoyaSvili, oman ColoyaSvili, lebs mamuli (uZrav-moZravi qoneba) CamoarT-
grigol jandieri, svimon jandieri, ninia jand- va da xazinas gadasca. Tu mamuli Zmebs Soris
ieri, Wandar jandieri, ediSer jandieri, dimi- gauyofeli iyo, mamuli gayves da ajanyebis
tri qobuliSvili, dimitri WavWavaZe, paata monawilis wili xazinas gadasces.
WavWavaZe, nodar jorjaZe, dimitri jorjaZe, samxedro sasamarTloze dadginda, rom
daviT jorjaZe, arsen mayaSvili, ioseb mayaS- zogierTi adamiani mxolod moSurnis da-
vili, revaz vaxvaxiSvili, noSrevan jorjaZe, bezRebiT iyo dapatimrebuli. aseTebi cim-
ivane jorjaZe ((eniselis
eniselis mouravi
mouravi),), ninia rusiS- birSi gadasaxlebasac gadarCnen da mamu-
vili, dimitri abeliSvili, paata abeliSvili, lis CamorTmevasac. gamarTlebulTa Soris
daviT abaSiZe (saxelmwifo eqspediciis yo- iyvnen Tavadebi: dimitri qobuliSvili, paata
fili mrCeveli), daviT kalatoziSvili, Cerqez WavWavaZe, nodar jorjaZe, dimitri jorjaZe,
CerqeziSvili, ekaterine ColoyaSvili, guqa daviT jorjaZe, ioseb mayaSvili, revaz vaxvax-
naTaliSvili (gaqceuli gorjasp naTaliSvi- iSvili, noSrevan jorjaZe, ninia rusiSvili,
lis meuRle), filipe SatberaSvili (aleqsan- aslan yaflaniSvili, ninia vaCnaZe, zaqaria vaC-
dre batoniSvilis erTguli TanamebrZolis naZe, qaixosro vaCnaZe, zaal abaSiZe, nikoloz
mRvdel zebede SatberaSvilis Zma Zma).). Tavadebi
Tavadebi:: andronikaSvili, merab andronikaSvili, estate
aslan onanaSvili, erasti andronikaSvili, nin- andronikaSvili, mixeil andronikaSvili, go-
ia gurgeniZe da Tadia ColoyaSvili unda dae- gia qobuliSvili, Cerqez CerqeziSvili, Tavad
patimrebinaT, magram gaqceviT uSeveles Tavs. beburiSvilebis mTeli sagvareulo.
dapatimrebulTa meore, damatebiT, siaSi ajanyebis Semdeg mimalva moaswres, ma-
moxvdnen Tavadebi da aznaurebi: ioseb eri- gram dimitri orbelianma da fiodor simo-
sTavi, revaz saginaSvili, iase mayaSvili, oman noviCma Seipyres da TbilisSi gamogzavnes
mayaSvili, svimon WavWavaZe, glaxa saginaSvili, Tavadebi: aslan vaCnaZe, yaflan vaCnaZe, ninia
dimitri jandieri, dimitri WavWavaZe, ediSer vaCnaZe, zaqaria vaCnaZe, qaixosro vaCnaZe, zaal
amilaxvari, ninia aRaToSvili, dimitri vaxvax- andronikaSvili, nikoloz andronikaSvili,
iSvili, paata sulxaniSvili, gogia muSribiS- merab andronikaSvili, mixeil andronikaS-
vili, paata tusiSvili, svimon naTaliSvili, vili, andronik andronikaSvili, aleqsandre
glaxa sulxaniSvili, ninia CaparaZe, glaxa andronikaSvili, gogia qobuliSvili. gvian
abeliSvili, paata mgalobliSvili, gorjasp SepyrobilTagan, rogorc zemoT motanili
naTiliSvili, ioseb kodalaSvili, mRvdeli ze- siidan Cans, bevri udanaSaulo aRmoCnda da
bede SatberaSvili.
SatberaSvili. sasjelisagan gaaTavisufles.
ajanyebis monawileebi samxedro sa- ajanyebis monawileTa cimbirSi ga-
samarTlom gaasamarTla. nikolai rtiSCevma dasaxlebis Semdeg 3 welze metma ganvlo. 1816
kargad icoda, rom yvela dapatimrebuls wlis 18 agvistos saqarTvelois mTavarsar-
271
dal aleqsei ermolovis Suamdgomlobis Sem- mouravi arc am SemTxvevaSi unda daniSnuli-
deg aleqsandr I-ma ruseTis imperiis senats yo. saqarTvelos maSindelma mTavarsardalma
ubrZana dasjilTa saqme xelaxla gaerCia.
gaerCia. im- pavel cicianovma imperatoris brZaneba ar
peratoris miTiTebis Tanaxmad, visac or an sam ganaxorciela, brZaneba arc Semdeg daniSnul
ajanyebaSi hqonda monawileoba miRebuli, cim- mTavarsardlebs _ ivan gudoviCs, aleqsandr
birSi unda daetovebinaT, xolo danarCenebi tormasovs da filip pauluCis Seusrule-
sasjelisagan gaeTavisuflebinaT da saqarT- biaT. brZanebis gamosvlidan 9 wlis Semdeg
veloSi daebrunebinaT. senatis gadawyvetile- nikolai rtiSCevi Seudga samouravoebis gau-
biT, cimbirSi 18 qarTveli darCa. eseni iyvnen: qmebas. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali dimitri
ioram TarxniSvili, petre avaliSvili, ninia orbeliansa da fiodor simonoviCs werda:
aleqsiSvili, samson naTaliSvili, ipolite ajanyebis upirvelesi mizezi mouravebis moq-
Tuxareli, svimon cimakuriZe, ivane CerqeziS- medebaa, isini TviTneboben, glexebs aviwroe-
vili, ivane aRaToSvili, dimitri ColoyaSvili, ben da tyavs aZrobeno. rtiSCevi generlebs
daviT CokaSvili, ioseb erastiSvili, paata ubrZanebda soflebsa da qalaqebSi mouravebi
abeliSvili, arsen mayaSvili, paata mgalob- aRar daeniSnaT. mogvianebiT rtiSCevma samo-
liSvili, grigol jandieri, Wandar jandieri, uravoebisa da mouravebis Tanamdebobis gau-
ivane vaCnaZe (erTi gvari rusul dokumentSi qmebasTan dakavSirebiT kategoriuli toniT
ar ikiTxeba). am Tvrametma kacma Tavisufleba Sedgenili werili gaugzavna saqarTvelos
gvian miiRo. aleqsandr I-ma 1820 wlis 1 dekem- uzenaes mTavrobas. ase gauqmda saqarTveloSi
bers ruseTis imperiis senats ubrZana: mowy- saukuneebis win dawesebuli mouravobis in-
alebis Tvali qarTvelebsac miapyariT, radgan stituti.
maT Sewyalebas saqarTvelos mTavarsardali 6. ajanyebis damarcxebis mizezebi. is-
aleqsei ermolovic iTxovso. imperatoris eve, rogorc 1804 wels, 1812 wels ajanyebis
brZanebis Tanaxmad, Tvramet qarTvels dana- ideis Casaxva, misi dawyeba da TiTqmis weli-
Sauli epatia, isini samSobloSi Camovidnen da wad-naxevris ganmavlobaSi uTanasworo sisx-
warTmeuli mamulebic daibrunes. lismRvreli brZola TavisTavad erovnuli
nikolai rtiSCevi raRac arnaxul enTu- moZraobis udidesi monapovari iyo.
iyo. miuxedavad
ziazms iCenda ajanyebulTa rac SeiZleba mka- amisa, iseve, rogorc 1804 wels, 1812 welsac
crad dasasjelad. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- kaxeTSi mimdinare ajanyeba saqarTvelodan
dalma ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg kaxeTis rusebis gandevniT da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
mosaxleobas kontribucia Seawera, rac im aRdgeniT ver damTavrdeboda. ajanyebis dam-
fulis amoRebas iTvaliswinebda, romelic arcxebis mizezTagan SeiZleba gamovyoT:
puris Semsyidvelebma (komisionerebma) bes 1. ruseTis regularuli jari, romelic
saxiT gasces. ajanyebis gamo puris Sesyidva raodenobiT, SeiaraRebiT, ganwvrTnilobiTa
CaiSala, glexebma ki miRebuli Tanxa ver daa- da discipliniT bevrad aRemateboda ajanye-
brunes. 1813 wlis 13 Tebervlis reskriptiT bulTa laSqars, Tavdapirvelad gancdili
aleqsandr I-ma rtiSCevs kontribuciis aReba warumateblobis miuxedavad, mainc SeZlebda
aukrZala. reskripti saqarTvelos mTavarsar- ajanyebulTa damarcxebas;
dalma maSin miiRo, rodesac kontribuciiT 2. rus generlebsa da oficrebs, romelT-
gaTvaliswinebuli Tanxis amoReba ZiriTadad ac didi sabrZolo gamocdileba hqondaT,
damTavrebuli iyo. cxadia, ver daupirispirdeboda ajanyebis wi-
jer kidev 1804 wlis 29 ianvars aleqsan- namZRolTa enTuziazmi da Tavganwirva. pro-
dr I-ma xeli moawera brZanebulebas, romlis fesional rus samxedroebs mcire Tu did br-
mixedviTac saqarTveloSi samouravoebi da ZolebSi seriozuli upiratesoba hqondaT;
mouravebis Tanamdeboba unda gauqmebuliyo. 3. ajanyebulTa Zalebi SezRuduli iyo,
brZaneba Semdegnairad unda ganxorcielebu- ruseTis imperators ki SeeZlo maT winaaRmdeg
liyo: gardacvlili mouravis nacvlad axali imdeni jari gamoegzavna, ramdenic ajanyebis
ar unda daeniSnaT; Tu glexi mouravs uCioda dasamarcxeblad iqneboda saWiro;
da es ukanaskneli gamtyundeboda, misi gaday- 4. ruseTis regularuli jari Seiara-
enebis Semdeg axali mouravi ar unda daeniS- Rebis xarisxiT bevrad aRemateboda ajanyeb-
naT; siyalbisa da ukanonobis Camden mouravs ulTa laSqars. ramdenime brZolaSi rusebma
Tu Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisuflebdnen, axali gamarjvebas mxolod zarbaznebis gamoyenebiT
272
vaxtang guruli
miaRwies, kerZod, rodesac zarbaznebiT daan- Cauvlia. 1812 wlis kaxeTis ajanyebam cxadad
gries ajanyebulTa mier agebuli TavdacviTi daadastura, rom ruseTis imperiis koloniur
zRudeebi; politikas didi winaaRmdegobebi Sexvdeboda
5. ajanyeba daiwyo kaxeTSi, igi ver gavr- saqarTveloSi da am politikis ganxorciele-
celda mTel aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da ba advili ar iqneboda, Tundac iseTi didi
miT ufro dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rac da Zlevamosili saxelmwifosTvis, rogoric
rusebs samxedro Zalis erTi mimarTulebiT ruseTi iyo. yoveli damarcxebuli ajanyeba,
dajgufebis saSualebas aZlevda; daRvrili sisxli zrdis zizRs dampyroblis
6. ajanyebis msvlelobis periodSi gairk- mimarT da niadags amzadebs axali ajanyebi-
va, rom rusebs saqarTveloSi ukve imaze gac- saTvis. igi momavali TaobebisaTvis didebuli
ilebiT Zlieri socialuri dasayrdeni hqon- zneobrivi magaliTia.
daT, vidre 1804 wels. qarTlis Tavadebis um- 8. somxebis roli 1812 wlis kaxeTis
ravlesobam miuReblad miiCnia ajanyebis idea ajanyebaSi. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali 1812
da ar Caeba masSi. aragvis xeobis mosaxleobam wlis ajanyebis mimdinareobis procesSi dar-
ajanyebaSi monawileoba miiRo, magram rusebma wmunda, rom ruseTs saqarTveloSi aucile-
iq amboxebis lokalizacia da damarcxeba Se- beli socialuri dasayrdeni ar gaaCnda.
Zles. rac Seexeba xevsureTs, iq rusebis dam- nikolai rtiSCevma gadawyvita am mizniT saqa-
sjelma eqspediciam araadamianuri sisastike rTvelos somxoba gamoeyenebina. cxadia, aseT
gamoiCina, uamravi xevsuri brZolas Seewira, mniSvnelovan nabijs rtiSCevi peterburgTan
xolo soflebis didi nawili gadaiwva. sab- SeTanxmebis gareSe ver gadadgamda. 1813 wlis
oloo jamSi, kaxeTis ajanyeba saerTo-qar- 13 maiss saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ruseTis
Tul movlenad ver iqca; imperator aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda: `bedni-
7. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma somxebma, erad vTvli Tavs, radgan safuZveli meZleva
gansakuTrebiT Tbiliselma somxebma, rusebs gacnoboT, rom somexi eri, romelic saqarT-
dauWires mxari da ajanyebis mimdinareobis velos mkvidrTa SesamCnev nawils Seadgens,
dros didi erTgulebiT emsaxurebodnen maT; umaRlesi mfarvelobisa da eniT gamouTqme-
8. aleqsandre batoniSvilis mcdelobiT li siuxve-wyalobisaTvis, romelsac Tqveni
Crdilo kavkasiis mTielebma (CeCnebma, in- udidebulesobisagan iRebs, uqveSevrdomile-
guSebma, lekebma) aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes si madlierebiTaa gamsWvaluli~. nikolai
ajanyebaSi, magram es sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda rtiSCevi imperators acnobebda, rom somxo-
ruseTis regularuli jaris dasamarcxeblad; ba `ùmagaliTod
umagaliTod Tavdadebulia da Seuryevel
9. mravali dapirebis miuxedavad, ajanye- erTgulebas iCens
iCens~.
bulebma iranisagan daxmareba ver miiRes da somxobis prorusuli orientaciis dasa-
sabolood, uzarmazari imperiis winaSe mar- dastureblad saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
todmarto darCnen. wina wlebis ambebsac ixsenebda: `daiwyo Tu
7. 1812 wlis kaxeTis ajanyebis istori- ara moqmedeba saqarTveloSi ruseTis xelisu-
uli mniSvneloba. iseve, rogorc 1804 wlis flebam, somxis sazogadoeba TvalsaCinod
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis ajanye- amJRavnebda mTavrobis erTgulebas. saqarT-
ba, 1812 wlis kaxeTis ajanyeba, miuxedavad veloSi borotganmzraxvelebs, samefo saxlis
gancdili marcxisa, udidesi mniSvnelobis wevrebs, mravaljer ufiqriaT brbos wasi-
movlena iyo saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisaT- sianeba da Segulianeba mTavrobis winaaRmdeg.
vis brZolisa da erovnuli moZraobis istoria- amao imediT gatacebuli aqauri Tavadaznau-
Si. 1812 wlis ajanyebis moTaveebma ver Camoay- roba Relavda da cdilobda xalxis sasikeTod
alibes samoqmedo programa. miuxedavad amisa, Zveli dawesebulebebis aRdgenas. qarafSuta
ajanyebam aSkarad gvaCvena umTavresi: ruseTis qarTveli eri xSirad asdevnebia xolme fexis
batonobisagan Tavis daxsnisa da qarTl-kaxe- xmas, magram somxoba mTavrobis erTguli da
Tis samefos aRdgenis dauokebeli miswrafeba. sal kldesaviT gautexeli iyo. veraviTari da-
kaxeTis ajanyeba warmoadgenda yvela social- pirebiT ver texen aqauri somxebis erTgule-
uri fenis brZolas dampyroblis winaaRmdeg _ bas, isini TavdadebiT uwevdnen samsaxurs
erovnuli moZraobis umniSvnelovanes etaps. Tqvens udidebulesobas. somxebma yvelaze
Tumca ajanyeba damarcxda, uamravi qarTveli didad Tavi kaxeTis amboxebis dros isaxeles.
daiRupa, miuxedavad amisa, mas ukvalod ar maT garda, saqarTveloSi kaci aRar darCa
273
Cveni erTguli. somxebma ki ara Tu ar miiRes tans aqaur qveyanas, radgan aseTi waqezeba
monawileoba amboxebaSi, aramed sicocxlesa gaaorkecebs Tqveni udidebulesobisadmi so-
da qonebasac ar zogavdnen, Cvens jarebTan mexTa erTgulebas da Tavdadebas, xolo TviT
erTgul da erTsul iyvnen, amxedrnen meam- qarTvelTa tomis xalxebSi somxebisadmi ji-
boxeTa winaaRmdeg da rusis mxedrobasTan brsa da mibaZvas gamoiwvevs. amis gamo mog-
erTad ibrZodnen ajanyebulTa gasaJletad. marTavT, Tqveno udidebulesobav, da umor-
somxebma brZolaSi gamoiCines samagaliTo Cilesad gTxovT: gaabedniereT saqarTveloSi
vaJkacoba da gulwrfeli Tavdadeba Tqveni myofi somexi eris sazogadoeba da yvela wo-
imperatorobiTi udidebulesobisadmi. garda deba Tqveni udidebulesobis monarquli wya-
amisa, aqauri mTavroba somxebs unda umad- lobiT, romelic gamoixateba am sazogadoe-
lodes, rom winaswar da droulad Sevityob- bis saxelze umaRlesi sigelis boZebiT~.
diT xolme, Tu ras apirebdnen meamboxeni, an aleqsandr I-ma gaiTvaliswina saqarT-
sad iyvnen isini. kaxeTis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi velos mTavarsardlis Suamdgomloba da
gabneuli da erTmaneTs mowyvetili ruseTis saqarTveloSi mcxovreb somxebs umaRlesi
jari, Tu erTmaneTisagan raimes Seityobda sigeli uboZa. es sigeli 1813 wlis 15 seqtem-
xolme, es sul somxebis wyalobiT xdeboda. bersaa xelmowerili. TviT sigeli Sinaarsis
somxebi siamovnebiT da xalisiT asrulebdnen mixedviT didad saintereso ar aris, radgan
saxifaTo mindobilobebs da erTgulad msax- mokled imeorebs nikolai rtiSCevis 1813
urebis gamo xSirad iRupebodnen xolme~. wlis 13 maisis moxsenebis Sinaarss. sigelSi
nikolai rtiSCevma TiTqos yvelaferi vkiTxulobT: èrTguleba da Tavganwiruloba
gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom ruseTis imperatori sruliad somxis erisa saqarTveloSi da sru-
somxebis erTgulebaSi daerwmunebina, miuxe- liad am eris wodebaTa garjiloba da Rvawli
davad amisa, saqarTvelos mTavarsardals imis mizezia, rom sasiamovno movaleobad mi-
kidev erTi argumentic mohyavs: àr SemiZlia viCnioT mTeli qveynis winaSe samsaxurisa da
Tqveni imperatorobiTi udidebulesobis erTgulebisaTvis madloba da wyaloba gam-
umaRles yurTa smenis Rirsad ar gavxado ovucxadoT somex ers da es sigeli maT STa-
Semdegi. amboxebis dros yvelaze Zalian rom momavalTa xsovnaSi darCes sasaxelod da sa-
gagviWirda da rodesac TbilisSi SarSandeli dideblad~.
mousavlianobis gamo xorbali saerTod aRar ruseTis imperatoris 1813 wlis 15 seqtem-
Semodioda, ris gamoc qalaqSi dabanakebul bers xelmowerili sigeli TbilisSi 15 noem-
ruseTis jars SimSili eloda, Tbilisis sa- bers Camoitanes. sigeli Tbilisel somxebs 22
patio moqalaqe somxebma vaWrebisagan (vaWar- noembers gadaecaT. somxebi cas ewivnen sixa-
Ta TviTnebobisagan _ v.g.) dagvixsnes. aseTi ruliT. sigeli saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis
samsaxuri udidebulesobis samsaxurad unda rezidenciidan didi zar-zeimiT gadaitanes
CaiTvalos. erTxel vuTxari da somxebma ma- vanqis taZarSi. gaxarebuli iyo saqarTvelos
Sinve gaaCines 800 Cetverti xorbali. xorb- mTavarsardali nikolai rtiSCevi. somxebma am
lis fasi didad saxeiro iyo mTavrobisaTvis. ukanasknels samsaxuri daufases da samadlo
amgvarad moviSoreT didi gaWirveba Tavidan. saxls Rarib-RatakTa sasargeblod 4.000 ma-
TbilisSi dabanakebuli jari pirvel xanebSi neTi Seswires.
mainc iolad davakmayofileT~. zemoT moyvanili dokumentebi, nikolai
vrceli dasabuTebis Semdeg rtiSCevi rtiSCevis 1813 wlis 13 maisis moxseneba da ale-
ruseTis imperators sTxovda: àucilebel qsandr I-is 1813 wlis 15 seqtembris sigeli, ko-
movaleobad miviCnev vauwyo Tqvens udideb- mentars ar saWiroebs. TavisTavad cxadi xdeba,
ulesobas, Tu raoden erTgulni, Tavdadeb- Tu ra rols asrulebdnen somxebi saqarTvelo-
ulni da motrfialeni arian Tqveni udideb- Si ruseTis damkvidrebis procesSi, rogor up-
ulesobisa saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxebi. irispirdebodnen qarTvel ers dakarguli sax-
darwmunebuli var, rom somxebis yovelgvari elmwifoebriobisaTvis brZolis procesSi.
waqezeba da gaTamameba did sargeblobas mou-
274
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XIV. daviT batoniSvilis werilebi saqarTvelos ukeTesi mowyobis

Sesaxeb
daviT batoniSvili, qarTl-kaxeTis saqarTveloSi samxedro da samoqalaqo mmarT-

ukanaskneli mefis giorgi XII-is ufrosi vaJi, velobis Sesanaxi xarjebis Semcireba yofila.
taxtis memkvidre, erekle II-sa da giorgi XII- cxadia, amas batoniSvili mxolod imitom
is sxva SvilebTan erTad 1803 wels ruseTSi werda, rom ruseTis imperatorisa da saxelm-
gadaasaxles. daviT batoniSvili politikas wifo uwyebebis yuradReba moedunebina. av-
Camoscilda da literaturuli da samecniero tori arc ruseTSi cxovrebiT iyo kmayofili
moRvaweoba gaagrZela. igi verafriT Seegua da arc ruseTis imperiis xazinis danaxarjebi
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebas da rusuli ainteresebda. daviT batoniSvils Tavisi sam-
mmarTvelobis damyarebas. ruseTSi cxovrebis Soblos bedi awuxebda da cdilobda, qarTveli
wlebSi daviT batoniSvili orgzis, 1812 da erisaTvis rogorme Seemsubuqebina rusuli
1817 wlebSi, isev daubrunda politikas da mmarTvelobiT gamowveuli mZime xvedri.
Tavisi azri gamoTqva saqarTveloSi Seqmnili proeqti `saqarTvelos ukeTesi mowyo-
umZimesi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis, saqa- bis Sesaxeb~ ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli
rTvelos mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis Taobaze. nawili exeba saqarTvelos mdgomareobas ru-
samwuxarod, daviT batoniSvilis proeqti seTTan SeerTebamde, meore nawili _ saqarT-
mxolod qaRaldze darCa da man praqtikuli velos mdgomareobas rusuli mmarTvelobis
ganxorcieleba ver hpova. miuxedavad amisa, damyarebis Semdeg.
qarTuli politikuri azrovnebisa da erovnu- proeqtis pirvel nawilSi daviT batoniS-
li moZraobis istoriaSi daviT batoniSvilis vili arc ise mwvaved, magram sakmaod cxadad
naazrevi mniSvnelovan movlenad rCeba. mianiSnebs im usamarTlobis Sesaxeb, romelic
1. daviT batoniSvilis proeqti `saqarT-
saqarT- ruseTis saimperatoro karma, kerZod, impera-
velos ukeTesi mowyobis Sesaxeb~.
Sesaxeb~. daviT ba- torma pavel I-ma qarTl-kaxeTis samefo sax-
toniSvilis survili iyo, rom mis proeqts lis gauqmebisas Caidina. logikuri iqneboda,
`saqarTvelos
saqarTvelos ukeTesi mowyobis Sesaxeb~
Sesaxeb~ im- aqave warmodgeniliyo is usamarTlobani,
peratori aleqsandre I gascnoboda. miuxeda- romlebic aleqsandr I-ma dauSva. amis Ses-
vad amisa, batoniSvilma igi ruseTis imperiis axeb daviT batoniSvili, cxadia, ver dawerda,
Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, vaxtang VI-is dros radgan misi proeqti aleqsandr I-Tan warsad-
ruseTSi gadaxvewili qarTveli Tavadis STa- genad iyo gamiznuli.
momaval osip kozodavlevs miarTva. proeqti proeqtis meore nawilSi, isev politi-
daviT batoniSvils 1812 wlis 25 seqtembers kuri mosazrebiT, daviT batoniSvili arafers
dausrulebia. dedanSi mas saTauri ar aqvs. ambobs im usamarTlobebis Sesaxeb, romelic
saTauri `saqarTvelos ukeTesi mowyobis Ses- qarTl-kaxeTSi saqarTvelos pirvelma mTa-
axeb~ proeqtis Sinaarsidan gamomdinareobs varsardalma karl knoringma daamkvidra 1802
da ase asaTaurebs mas daviT batoniSvilis wels. samagierod, igi vrclad saubrobs saqa-
naSromis gamomcemeli i. k. enikolopovi. 1812 rTvelos meore mTavarsardlis, pavel cicia-
wlis 25 seqtembers `saqarTvelos ukeTesi novis, Secdomebsa da usamarTlobebze. daviT
mowyobis Sesaxeb~ dasrulebuli proeqti ba- batoniSvili yovelgvari moiarebis, Sela-
toniSvils Tavisi megobris osip kozodav- mazebis gareSe wers: erekle II-m SeTqmulebis
levisaTvis gaugzavnia im imediT, rom Sinagan gamomJRavnebis Semdeg sikvdiliT dasaja pavel
saqmeTa ministri mas aleqsandr I-s miarTmev- cicianovis naTesavebi, qarTleli Tavadebi,
da. avtorma osip kozodavlevisaTvis gagza- ris gamoc saqarTvelos mTavarsardali mtrad
vnil proeqts werili waumZRvara. igi ruseTis moekida qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxls da yovel-
imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs sTxovda, gvari ubedureba daatexa mas Tavzeo.
rom `saqarTvelos ukeTesi mowyobis Sesaxeb~ daviT batoniSvili uaRresad frTxili
proeqti ruseTis imperatorisaTvis waredg- da moridebuli formiT ruseTis imperators
ina. daviT batoniSvili aRniSnavda, rom igi Semdeg rekomendaciebs aZlevda:
ruseTSi cxovrebiT kmayofili iyo da piradi 1. saqarTveloSi ruseTs imdeni jari
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas ar eswrafoda. unda hyoloda, ramdenis gamokvebac adgilo-
proeqtis mizani, daviT batoniSvilis azriT, brivi produqtiT iqneboda SesaZlebeli;
275
2. saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis nacv- 8. vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis ganviTa-

lad unda Seqmniliyo saqarTvelos mmarTv- rebis mizniT imereTSi unda daarsebuliyo
eloba, Semdgari ori palatisagan: zeda de- axali qalaqi, xolo lekTa Tavdasxmebis aR-
partamentisa da qveda departamentisagan.
departamentisagan. sakveTad WarSi _ samazro qalaqi;
zeda departamentis gamgeblobaSi unda yo- 9. imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba unda
filiyo: aRmasrulebeli, saxazino, sameurneo, gauqmebuliyo. zemo imereTis mmarTvelad
sasursaTo, samoqalaqo, samxedro, sapolicio unda daniSnuliyo Tavadi wereTeli, qvemo
samsaxurebi. Tavmjdomare unda yofiliyo imereTisa (qvemo imereTisa da samegrelosi _
imperatoris ndobiT aRWurvili piri. zeda v. g.) _ Tavadi dadiani, guriisa _ Tavadi gu-
departamentis mmarTvelobaSi unda yofili- rieli.
yo erTi qarTveli batoniSvili da sami rusi ruseTis imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa minis-
moxele, romelTagan erTi iqneboda mTavari trma osip kozodavlevma daviT batoniSvilis
xazinadari.. qveda departamentis Tavmjdo-
xazinadari proeqti aleqsandr I-s warudgina, xolo im-
mare unda yofiliyo qarTveli batoniSvili
batoniSvili.. peratorma proeqti daskvnisaTvis saqarT-
departamentSi, batoniSvilis garda, kidev velos yofil mTavarsardal filip pauluCis
or moxeles unda emuSava. qveda departamen- gadasca. osip kozodavlevma batoniSvilis
tis gamgeblobaSi unda yofiliyo sasamarTlo proeqti 1812 wlis 12 oqtombers pauluCis
(sisxlis samarTlis da samoqalaqo saqmeebi). gadaugzavna. sul mokle droSi, 17 oqtombers,
sasamarTlos ganaCeni. Tu saqme sisxlis samar- pauluCim proeqti uaryofiTi daskvniT osip
Tals ganekuTvneboda, unda damtkicebuliyo kozodavlevs daubruna. aseT mokle droSi
zeda da qveda departamentSi, ris Semdegac filip pauluCi daskvnas ver dawerda. gar-
dasamtkiceblad waredgineboda saqarTvelos da drois faqtorisa, sayuradReboa is, rom
mTavarsardals; daskvna, marTalia, uaryofiTia, magram mcodne
3. saerobo policiis nacvlad mazrebsa da kompetenturi adamianis mieraa dawerili.
da TemebSi unda aRedginaT mouravis Tanam- daviT batoniSvilis proeqtis pirveli pub-
deboba. mouravi unda yofiliyo momrigebeli likatori i. k. enikolopovi miiCnevs, rom
mosamarTle;
mosamarTle pasuxi SeiZleba dawerili iyos saqarTvelos
4. dausabuTebeli pretenziebisa da das- mTavarsardlis kancelariis yofili Tavm-
menebis aRmofxvris mizniT unda SemoeRoT jdomaris p. mogilevskis mier (Tu igi imJa-
damsmenelisa da mopasuxis dapirispireba, mad peterburgSi imyofeboda) an cnobili mw-
aseve mowmeebis dakiTxva. saqmis ganxilva erlisa da sazogado moRvawis e. g. Wilaevis
unda warmarTuliyo zepiri wesiT. momCivans mier, romelic imJamad namdvilad imyofeboda
unda hqonoda apelaciis ufleba. Tu apelacia peterburgSi. pauluCis daskvna imaze ufro
dausabuTebeli iqneboda, momCivani gadaixdi- didia, vidre daviT batoniSvilis proeqti da
da jarimas; igi 37 punqtadaa warmodgenili. filip pau-
5. Tu samefo saxlis wevrebi saqarTvelo- luCis daskvna osip kozodavlevma safuZvli-
Si sacxovreblad Camosvlas moisurvebdnen, anad miiCnia, Tumca daviT batoniSvilis pro-
maT unda dabrunebodaT winaT CamorTmeuli eqtis saxelmwifo sabWoSi ganxilva saWirod
mamulebi; cno. miuxedavad amisa, daviT batoniSvilis
6. kavkasiis xazze qarTvelebisaTvis unda proeqti `saqarTvelos ukeTesi mowyobis Ses-
daarsebuliyo samxedro skola, sadac iswav- axeb~ proeqtad darCa da arqivs Cabarda.
lidnen Tavadebis da aznaurebis Svilebi, gam- 2. daviT batoniSvilis 1817 wlis 11 mar-
onaklis SemTxvevaSi glexis Svilebic; tis werili ruseTis imperators
imperators.. 1817 wlis
7. damnaSave qarTvelebi ar unda gadae- 11 marts daviT batoniSvilma meore werili
saxlebinaT cimbirSi.
cimbirSi. maTi dasjisaTvis sru- miarTva ruseTis imperators saqarTvelos
liad sakmarisi unda yofiliyo ruseTis Sida mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis Sesaxeb. es werili
guberniebSi (evropul nawilSi _ v.g.) ga- mcire moculobisaa. batoniSvilma igi am-
dasaxleba. cimbirSi gadasaxlebuli qarTveli jeradac ruseTis imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa
gaborotdeboda da imaze ufro didi damna- ministr osip kozodavlevs gaugzavna, raTa
Save gaxdeboda, vidre iyo gadasaxlebamde, am ukanasknels igi aleqsandr I-Tvis an minis-
aseTi gaborotebuli adamianis dabruneba ki trTa komitetisaTvis waredgina.
saqarTveloSi saSiSi iyo; daviT batoniSvilis 1817 wlis 11 mar-
276
vaxtang guruli
tis werili naklebad radikaluria, Tumca ba- daviT batoniSvilis 1817 wlis 11 martis
toniSvili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis werili 1817 wlis 20 noembers ruseTis imperi-
procesSi daSvebul usamarTlobaze mainc is ministrTa komitetma ganixila da Semdegi
amaxvilebs yuradRebas. batoniSvili werda, dadgenileba miiRo: 1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
rom Tu saqarTveloSi rusuli mmarTveloba ruseTTan SeerTeba moxda ukanaskneli mefis
gardaiqmneboda da zogierTi reforma ga- giorgi XII-is Txovnis safuZvelze; 2. daviT
tardeboda, ruseTis mTavroba seriozul mo- batoniSvils, iseve, rogorc sxva batoniSvi-
gebas naxavda, kerZod: lebs, 1804 wels umaRlesi brZanebiT saqarT-
1. ruseTs SeeZlo saqarTvelodan yovel- veloSi dabruneba aekrZalaT; 3. qarTl-kax-
wliurad Semosavlis saxiT mieRo 1 milioni eTis samefo saxlis wevrebma didi wyaloba
maneTi; miiRes da uxvad dajildovdnen; 4. batoniS-
2. saqarTvelos SemosavlebiT ruseTs vilebisTvis micemuli pensiebi da jildoebi
SeeZlo saqarTveloSi Seenaxa 6.000 oficeri bevrad aRemateba maTi mamulebisagan miRebul
da jariskaci. Semosavals. ministrTa komitetma daadgina:
daviT batoniSvils imperatorTan piradi batoniSvil daviT giorgis Zes mis Txovnaze
saTxovaric hqonda: saqarTveloSi dabruneba uari eTqvas.
da ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Semdeg CamorTmeu- amis Semdeg daviT batoniSvils didxans
li mamulis sakuTrebaSi gadacema. aRar ucocxlia. igi 1819 wels gardaicvala.
277
Tavi XV. tyveTa syidva saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis pirveli mesamedi)
XIX saukunem XVIII saukunisagan memkvi- rom gaWirvebis gamo Svili Tevdore maT mihy-
dreobiT miiRo adamianebiT vaWroba (tyveTa ides da safasuri srulad aiRes. adamianebiT
syidva). es damRupveli movlena ver mospes vaWrobiT xeli moiTbes mevaxSeebma, romle-
qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II-m da imereTis bic gacemuli vals xSir SemTxvevaSi adamian-
mefe solomon I-ma. saqarTvelos dapyrobis ebis, metwilad bavSvebis, saxiT ibrunebdnen,
Semdeg verc ruseTis xelisuflebam SeZlo romelTac Semdeg osmaleTSi yiddnen.
tyveTa syidvis erTbaSad aRkveTa. XIX sauku- 1810-1811 wlebSi mousavlianobisa da
nis damdegidan tyveTa syidva ukve sxva viTa- Jamisagan gatanjuli mosaxleoba kidev ufro
rebaSi xdeboda. mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo War-belaqnidan
1. adamianebiT vaWrobis mizezebi. XIX sau- lekebisa da axalcixis safaSodan Semosuli
kunis damdegisaTvis saxelmwifoebriobis osmalebis TareSma. lekebi da osmalebi ita-
gauqmebasTan erTad saqarTvelos sxva ube- cebdnen adamianebs da pirutyvs, mihqondaT
durebac daatyda Tavs. stiqiis mZvinvarebas, xorblis ukanaskneli maragi.
wyaldidobebs, mousavlianobas Tan daerTo saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma aleqsandr
saxadi (Savi Wiri). 1810 wels osmaleTidan tormasovma 10.000 maneTi gamoyo da yirimSi
gavrcelebuli Savi Wiri mTel samxreT da xorblis seriozuli maragi Seisyida. xorb-
Crdilo kavkasias moedo. qarTlis, kaxeTisa, lis did nawils saqarTveloSi ar CamouRwe-
imereTisa da guriis garda, Savi Wiri gavr- via, radgan xersonesis, feodosiisa da tagan-
celda daRestanSi. Wirma gansakuTrebiT im- rogis navsadgurebSi gemebidan xorbali moi-
Zlavra qalaqebSi: TbilisSi, derbentsa da pares. imereTamde xorbalma dagvianebiT da
ganjaSi. Tbilisi TiTqmis mTlianad daicala Zaleze mcire raodenobiT miaRwia.
mosaxleobisagan, adamianebi Tavs afarebdnen imereTSi 1811-1812 wlebSi Seqmnili
soflebs. qarTlsa da kaxeTSi Savma Wirma imsx- umZimesi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb mogvianebiT,
verpla 2.042 mamakaci, 1.646 qali da 567 bavSvi. 1817 wels, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ale-
msxverpli uTuod meti iqneboda, radgan daa- qsei ermolovi ruseTis imperators moax-
vadebis da gardacvalebis SemTxvevebi yovelT- senebda: àm xalxis mier ori wlis ganmav-
vis ar aRiricxeboda. gacilebiT uaresi mdgo- lobaSi gancdili yovelgvari ubedurebis
mareoba iyo imereTSi. 1810-1811 wlebis wyal- Semdeg, rac ewia mterTa Semosevisa, Sinagani
didobam gaanadgura sacxovrebeli saxlebi, ajanyebisa, araCveulebrivi wyaldidobisa,
naTesebi, pirutyvi. gadarCenil naTesebs See- SimSilobisa da Savi Wirisagan, saWiroa sakmao
sia momravlebuli mRrRneli. moSimSile mo- dro, raTa uamisodac Rarib xalxs SeeZlos
saxleobas 1810 wels Tavs daatyda Savi Wiri. Tundac saSualo mdgomareobamde miRweva.
sul mcire drois ganmavlobaSi imereTSi SimSilma da Jamma amowyvita TiTqmis mesame-
oficialuri cnobiT mTlianad amowyda 12.000 di imereTis mosaxleobisa, meore mesamedze
ojaxi. 1812 wlis 1 martamde Savma Wirma imer- metma sicocxlis SenarCunebisaTvis Tavi Sea-
eTSi imsxverpla 32.750 adamiani. SimSilsa da fara osmaleTis samflobeloebs da gaifanta
Sav Wirs ganerida da gadaixvewa 7.450 adamiani. saqarTvelos saxvadasxva adgilas.~ imave mox-
SimSilisa da avadmyofobisagan gatanjulni senebaSi aleqsei ermolovi wers: mosaxleobas
lukmapurisaTvis zogjer sakuTar Svilebsac ise gauWirda, rom `mamebi puris natexisaTvis
ki monebad yiddnen. 1812 wlis 1 martisaTvis yiddnen TavianT Svilebs samudamo monobaSi,
imereTSi orive sqesis 2.000 adamiani iqna gay- xolo sasowarkveTili dedebi tyeebsa da gze-
iduli. erT-erT dokumentSi, romelic 1812 bze tovebdnen SimSilisagan araqaTgamoclil
wlis 30 ianvriT TariRdeba, aRniSnulia, TavianT yrmebs~. SimSilisagan Tavis daRwevis
rom glexma qriSobela kostavam Tavad daviT gza ar Canda, ramac noyieri niadagi Seuqmna
Tarxans sakuTari Svili darejani mihyida imis adamianebiT vaWrobas.
gamo, rom ojaxi SimSilobda da Svilic Sim- XIX saukunis damdegs saqarTveloSi kv-
SiliT ukvdeboda. meore dokumenti, romelic lav grZeldeboda lekebis mier adamianebis
imave 1812 wels aris Sedgenili, nasyidobis gataceba da tyveTa bazarze maTi gayidva.
wigns warmoadgens. WanturiZe da misi meuRle am tragedias kidev sxva ubedurebac daema-
mariami ioseb cixisTavisSvils udastureben, ta. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omis
278
vaxtang guruli
dros axalcixis, yarsisa da sxva safaSoebidan mianebs. ruseTis jaris mTavari Zalebi yovel
saqarTvelos teritoriaze regularulad zafxuls gadioda sazRvrebze (igulisxmeba
Semodiodnen mZarcvelTa razmebi da adami- ruseT-iranisa da ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvre-
anebs itacebdnen. qveynis SigniT adamianebiT bi _ v. g.), magram mcire sayaraulo razmebiT
vaWrobas xeli Seuwyo didma SimSilianobam. ar SeiZleba am mtaceblebisaTvis TavSesafa-
gayidulTa, ZiriTadad bavSvebis, nawili os- ri bunagebisaken mimavali gzebis gadaketva,
maleTis tyveTa bazarze xvdeboda. mevaxSee- radgan es bunagebi saqarTvelos sazRvrebs
bisaTvis valis sanacvlod micemuli adamian- yovelmxriv akravs. amasTanave, lekebisaTvis
ebis didi nawili, umetesad mozardebi, aseve kargadaa cnobili faruli gzebi, ris gamoc
osmaleTis monaTa bazarze iyideboda. maTi TareSi ar wydeba. am barbarosebs Zvele-
saqarTvelodan motacebuli adamianebiT burad kvlav moaqvT ubedureba saqarTvelos
vaWrobas misdevdnen lekebi da osmalebi. qa- mosaxleobisaTvis.~ ufro saintereso cnobas
rTvelebi osmaleTis monaTa bazarze sxva gz- gvawvdis platon ioseliani : `drosa amas le-
iTac xvdebodnen _ adamianebs itacebdnen da kTa aqvndaT Sekruli zedaZnisa (zedaznisa _
yiddnen TviT qarTvelebic. v. g.) mTa tyiani. (...) es mTa zedaZnisa aragvisa
2. lekTa da osmalTa mier adamianebis pirsa zeda damyarebuli, pirispir mcxeTisa
gataceba. 1823 wels semion bronevskim mos-
gataceba da RarTis-karisa, anu Zvelad kanonierad qar-
kovSi rusul enaze gamosca ùaxlesi geo- Tlisa karisa, iyo klded da karad daRestan-
grafiuli da istoriuli cnobebi kavkasiis isa, aqedan daecemodian lekni RarTis-karsa
Sesaxeb~. wignis avtori exeba saqarTveloSi da datacebiT tyveTa, ganvlidnen qarTlsa
tyveebiT vaWrobasac. 1810 wlis movlenebs da avidodnen axalcixes. dabrunebulni mu-
rom aSuqebs, semion bronevski wers: Warel niT aqave movidian da dabinavdebian uSiSrad.
lekebs saqarTvelodan tyveebi gahyavdaT da esreT mdgomareobasa Sina iyo saqarTvelo
axalcixeSi, baTumsa da foTSi yiddnen. av- droiTagan mefisa vaxtangisa 1710-gan, ro-
tori agrZelebs: àmasTanave, im mizniT, rom gorca sCans weriliTganca, da vidre 1817-
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis motacebiT gaim- mde. ama weliwdidan Sewyda leki da Sevida
ravlon tyveebi, lekebi iyofian razmebad. TvisTa kldeTa Sina da xeobaTa, sadaca ewia
erTni tyveebs acileben, meoreni cdiloben mas Zali ruseTisa...~ 1817 wels saqarTvelos
kidev axalTa wartyvevna-motacebas, Semdeg ki mTavarsardali aleqsei ermolovi ruseTis
axerxeben imave zafxuls an Sua Semodgomamde sruluflebian ministrs stambolSi grigori
isev WarSi dabrunebas. Tu lekebs zamTari stroganovs swerda: yarsis, axalcixis da tra-
axalcixeSi mouswrebT, samsaxurSi udgebian pizonis faSebi awyoben `ganuwyvetel TareSebs
axalcixis faSas im pirobiT, rom faSam maT Cvens miwebze, ewevian mtaceblobas, atyveveben
neba misceT Zarcva-TareSebi moawyon qarTl- da mihyavT mosaxleni, miaqvT maTi qoneba da
Si, imereTsa da samegreloSi. am mxriv lekebi iqamdec ki midis maTi Tavxedoba, rom Tavs es-
faSasagan uars ar Rebuloben. lekebma ga- xmian jariskacebs (rus jariskacebs _ v. g.)da
namtkices kavSiri osmaleTTan, tyveebiT vaW- itaceben maT; TavianTTan iwveven lekebs, Cve-
robisaTvis daaweses regularuli mimosvla ni qveSevrdomi olqebis mcxovreblebs, aqeze-
saqarTveloze Warsa da axalcixes Soris, ise, ben maT Zarcva-glejisaken. lekebi dasaxld-
rom saqarTvelo gadaiqca umweo msxverplad nen Cveni sazRvrebis maxloblad, ris gamoc
mZvinvare mtrebis xelSi.~ miuxedavad imisa, araa mosveneba da myudroeba~. rogorc Cans,
rom 1802 wlidan qarTlsa da kaxeTSi, xolo osmaleTis sulTani yurad ar iRebda ruse-
1804 wlidan samegrelosa da imereTSi ruse- Tis protests. 1819 wlis 6 maiss ermolovi
Tis jaris seriozuli kontingenti iyo gan- isev werda stroganovs: àxalcixis safaSo
lagebuli, tyveTa syidva ver aRikveTa. 1806 Rebulobs lekebs da es ukanasknelni iq cxov-
wels ruseTis jaris oficeri loficki werda: roben mTel soflebad. lekebi ganuwyvetliv
`soflis mosaxleobas, romelic Tavs iimedeb- ewevian mtaceblobas da TareSs da mosaxle-
da, rom lekebisagan ruseTis jari daifara- obis simeCxris gamo am qveynis (saqarTvelos
vda, am ukanasknelma imedebi ver gaumarTla. –v. g.)Suagulamde aRweven.~ ermolovi gansa-
lekebi gansakuTrebiT zafxulobiT, mindvre- kuTrebiT aRSfoTebuli iyo imis gamo, rom
bze muSaobisas, itacebdnen ojaxebs, qonebas axalcixis faSa TavSesafars aZlevda `yvela
da arcTu iSviaTad sicocxles uspobdnen ada- Cvens damnaSavesa da borotmoqmeds, gansa-
279
kuTrebiT, Tavis sjulisas.~ 1819 wels stro- sis bei mehmed ali
ali,, romelsac ruseTis impe-
ganovi ermolovs swerda, rom uSedego gamod- riis sazRvrebSi unda Semoeyvana 100 ojaxi,
ga yvela misi cda. sulTanma araferi iRona xolo danarCeni ojaxebi mogvianebiT unda
mosazRvre faSebis Tavgasulobis aRsakveTad: gadmosuliyvnen. ermolovi afrTxilebda ve-
àra maqvs araviTari imedi osmalebTan raimes liaminovs, rom xerTvisidan mehmed alisa da
mivaRwio Cemi darigebebiT.~ viTareba imdenad ojaxebis gadmosvla da maTi ruseTis qveSevr-
sagangaSo iyo, rom TviT ruseTis imperator- domobaSi Sesvla ise unda momxdariyo, rom
ma mimarTa osmaleTis sulTans axalcixisa da `megobar osmaleTs ar SeemCnia am adamianTa
sxva mosazRvre faSebis Tavgasulobis aRkve- gadmosaxleba“. Tu erT SemTxvevaSi ermolo-
Tis moTxovniT. stambolidan peterburgSi vi frTxilad moqmedebda, meore SemTxvevaSi
aseTi pasuxi miiiRes: `movlenebi, romle- aSkara muqaras ar erideboda. muqariTaa aR-
bic xdeba aziis mcxovrebTa Soris, usaxs- savse saqarTvelos mTavrasardlis mier ax-
rod darCenili adamianebisagan momdinareobs alcixeSi ali faSasaTvis gagzavnili werili.
radgan, ruseTi sul aWianurebs sazRvrebis ermolovi brals sdebda axalcixis faSas, rom
dadgenas da teritoriis daclas. amiT sarge- igi intrigebs xlarTavda ruseTis winaaRmdeg
bloben mZarcvelebi. rodesac es sazRvrebi da 1820 wels imereTsa da guriaSi ajanyebu-
dadgindeba da teritoria daicleba rusebi- lebs exmareboda, TavSesafars aZlevda maT.
sagan, osmaleTi am mxareSi daniSnavs Tavis saqarTvelos mTavarasardali ali faSas swer-
moxeleebs da am movlenebs (Zarcva-glejasa da: `Tqven ar gaqvT sityva, garda uSveri si-
da adamianebis gatacebas _ v. g.) sabolood cruisa, ara gaqvT moqmedeba, romelic ar xa-
aRkveTs.~ ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa siaTdebodes saZageli unamusobiT. Tqven yve-
ministri karl neselrode aleqsei ermolovs la veragisa da muxanaTis erTguli megobari
swerda, rom osmaleTi moiTxovs Savi zRvis xarT, TavSesafars aZlevT yaCaR lekebs, rom-
sanapiroebis dabrunebas da mxolod amis Sem- lebic TareSoben saqarTveloSi“. ali faSas
deg gvpirdeba Zarcva-glejisa da adamianebis zrdilobiani pasuxis Semdegac ki, saqarT-
gatacebis aRkveTaso. velos mTavarsardali mas kvlav emuqreboda:
aleqsei ermolovma mas Semdeg, rac stam- `Tqvenc gvnaxavT Tqvens sazRvrebSi“.
bolSi ruseTis sruluflebiani ministrisa da lekTa da osmalTa TareSs sazRvari ar
imperiis sagareo saqmeTa ministris Odaxmare- uCanda. 1818 wlis 7-8 ivniss, axalcixis safa-
biT verafers miaRwia, Zaladobas ZaladobiT Sodan da aWaridan osmalTa razmi SeumCnev-
upasuxa. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali osma- lad Semovida imereTSi. mZarcvelebma gverdi
leTis sazRvarze ganlagebul ruseTis jaris auares sazRvarTan axlos ganlagebul ru-
meTaurebs ar ukrZalavda, piriqiT, aqezebda seTis jaris saguSagoebs da erTi sofli-
kidec, rom sazRvrispira raionebidan moeta- dan oTxi ojaxis yvela wevri gaitaces, ori
cebinaT saqonlis jogebi da TviT adamian- ojaxi Tavad CijavaZisa
CijavaZisa,, xolo oric Tavad
ebic ki, Tu osmalebi saqarTvelos terito- lorTqifaniZis glexebi iyvnen, sul 39 suli.
riaze saTareSod gadmosvlas gabedavdnen. Sejaxebisas daiRupa ori qarTveli da ori
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali kavkasiis samo- osmalo. osmalTa razms mdevari gamoudga,
qalaqo nawilis mTavarmmarTvel general- magram uSedegod. 1819 wlis 9 aprils guriaSi
leitenant ivan veliaminovs (veliaminov I-s) ahmed bei ximSiaSvili SemoiWra da tyve aiyva-
swerda:L,,SeiZleba aseve maTi (osmalebis _ na, magram mdevarma osmalebs tyveebi daato-
v. g.) tyveebad wamoyvana da jogis gamodena, vebina. 1822 wlis ivlisSi axalcixidan imer-
romelic zamTrobiT Cvens sazRvrebTan ax- eTSi 200 kaci SemoiWra da vakis mazris so-
los imyofeba. Cven fiqric ar SegviZlia, rom flebis gaZarcva scada, magram adgilobrivma
avanazRaurebT maTgan miyenebul mTel dana- mosaxleobam yaCaRebi ukuaqcia. 1821 wels
kargs, magram ar dagveZraxeba Zarcva-glejis lekTa razmebi baS aRas meTaurobiT axalcixi-
aRkveTis survili, pirveli SemTxvevisTanave dan qarTlSi SemoiWrnen da xuTi ymawvili
sastikad davsjiT yaCaRebs da mtaceblebs“. gaitaces. polkovnikebma piotr ladinskim da
cxadia, ruseTi ar apirebda osmaleTisaTvis konstantine savarsamiZem lekTa razmis dev-
raime teritoriis daTmobas, piriqiT, 1818 nas didi dro Sealies, magram mZarcvelTa
wels ermolovi veliaminovs darigebas aZlev- kvals ver miagnes. 1822 wlis 7 agvistos ivan
da, Tu rogor unda gadmoebirebina xerTvi- veliaminovi axalcixis faSas swerda: `gana
280
vaxtang guruli
SeiZleba megobrul ganwyobilebad vcnoT is, amrigad, ruseTma orgzis, 1806-1812 da

rom yarsisa da axalcixis safaSoebSi Tavs 1828-1829 wlebSi osmaleTi daamarcxa, samcxe-
afareben mtacebeli lekebi, romlebic saqa- saaTabagos strategiul punqtebSi (xerTvisi,
rTvelodan adamianebs itaceben da yidian. es axalcixe, axalqalaqi) jari Caayena, sazRvarze
xdeba aSkarad da ara marto dausjeli rCeba saguSago razmebic ganalaga, magram lekTa da
osmaleTis mTavrobis mxridan, aramed TviT osmalTa TareSi saqarTveloSi da adamianebis
am safaSoebis ganmgeblebi Cvengan motacebu- gataceba kvlav grZeldeboda, osmaleTis tyve-
li adamianebisaTvis gamosasyids moiTxoven“. Ta bazari kvlav ivseboda qarTvelebiT.
erTxel axalcixis faSam kaxeTidan, sofel 3. qarTvelTa mier adamianebiT vaWroba.
vaWroba.
yvarlidan, gatacebuli qarTveli ymawvil- 1804 wels imereTsa da samegreloSi mivlineb-
isaTvis didi gamosasyidi moiTxova. ivan veuli rusi moxele piotr litvinovi werda:
liaminovi axalcixis faSas daemuqra: Tu im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu samegrelos mTavari
ymawvils usasyidlod ar gaaTavisufleb, ma- mezoblebTan ar omobs, qveyanaSi mSvidoba ar
Sin me vubrZaneb imereTSi mosuli pirvelive myardebao. mSvidobianobis drosac samegre-
axalcixeli vaWari daakavono. aseTi muqara loSi adamianebis motaceba grZeldeboda da
axalcixisa da yarsis faSebze naklebad moq- rogorc litvinovi wers, am saZraxis saqmeSi
medebda. kavkasiis mTavarsardali ivan paskev- monawileobdnen àra mxolod upirvelesi Ta-
iCi ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministr karl vadebi, aramed yvelaze metad grigol dadianis
neselrodes swerda: òsmaleTis sazRvari ise Zmebi“. litvinovis azriT, es imitom xdeboda,
uaxlovdeba Tbiliss da adgilmdebareobac rom `dadianis xelisufleba imdenad daeca,
esoden uwyobs xels yaCaRTa TareSs, rom ar rom ver bedavda borotebis dasjas da imgvari
unda movelodeT mosaxleobis gamravlebas, brZanebis gacemasac ki, romelic arasasiamov-
arc miwaTmoqmedebis, mrewvelobisa da vaW- no da sazaralo iqneboda TavadebisaTvis“,
robis gaumjobesebas mTel mosazvre zonaSi romlebic tyveebiT vaWrobdnen. samegrelos
qarTlidan dawyebuli hajibairamamde, somx- mTavars mudmivi omi hqonda afxazeTis mTa-
eTis olqSi“. kavkasiis mTavarsardali viTa- varTan anakliisaTvis, xolo imereTis mefes-
rebis gaumjobesebas SeuZleblad miiCnevda Tan _ leCxumisaTvis. grigol dadians eSino-
manam, `sanam TrialeTSi, somxeTSi, Suragelsa da, omis dros Tavadebs misTvis ar eRalataT
da bambakSi saTareSod SemoWrili mTielebi da amitom tyveebiT vaWrobis faqtebze Tvals
TavianTi nadavliTurT TavSesafars poulo- xuWavda. tyveebiT movaWre Tavadebis moqmede-
ben yarsisa da axalcixis safaSoebSi, sanam ba yovelgvar zRvars scildeboda. XIX sauku-
lekebs, romlebic daRestnidan axalcixisa da nis pirvel aTwleulSi am uzneo saqmianobiT
yarsisaken miemarTebian, SesaZlebloba eqne- gansakuTrebiT gaiTqva saxeli Tavadma beJan
baT gahyidon iq SirvanSi, Saqsa da kaxeTSi mo- mxeiZem.. grigol dadianisagan sasjelis Ta-
mxeiZem
tacebuli tyveebi da nadavli. Cveni sazRvre- vidan acilebis mizniT beJan mxeiZem mZevlad
bidan gaqceuli lekTa da sxva mTiel xalxTa waiyvana mTavris meore vaJi. grigol dadianis
jgufebi Tavs afareben axalcixes, xerTviss ufrosi vaJi, taxtis memkvidre levani, mZev-
da axalqalaqs da kvlav ganagrZoben TareSs“. lad hyavda tyveebiT vaWrobis wamqezebelsa
lekTa da osmalTa TareSisa da adamianebis da mfarvels, afxazeTis mTavar qeleS mehmed
motacebis aRkveTas paskeviCi xerTvisis, awy- bei ServaSiZes.
ServaSiZes. imereTis mefesTan leCxu-
uris, axalcixisa da axalqalaqis cixeebis misaTvis omSi CarTuli samegrelos mTavari
aRebas ukavSirebda. 1828-1829 wlebis omSi afxazeTis mTavarTan moCvenebiT megobro-
ruseTma osmaleTi daamarcxa da adrianopo- bas inarCunebda. XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi
lis zaviT (1829 w.), osmaleTs samcxe-saaTa- nacimbirali hasan bei ServaSiZe SiSis zars
bago daaTmobina. ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvarma scemda afxazeTis mosaxleobas. 1837 wels
samxreTiT gadaiwia, xerTvisi, axalcixe da frangi mogzauri diubua de monpere werda:
axalqalaqi ruseTs gadaeca. magram kavkasiis `soxumis midamoebSi, hasan beis muxanaTo-
mTavarsardali ivan paskeviCi iZulebuli iyo bis meoxebiT, mzis Casvlis Semdeg bazridan
eRiarebina, rom osmaleT-ruseTis sazRvris 1,5 versiT moSorebul karantinamde gasvlas
samxreTiT gadawevis Semdegac ki mSvidoba ara veravin bedavda. aq marto gavlas SiSobdnen
Tu mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi, aramed Tbilis- dRis sinaTlezec ki, raTa Tavidan aecile-
Siac ki ar iyo uzrunvelyofili. binaT afxazTagan gatacebis mosalodneli
281
safrTxe da Tu yovelive es xdeboda rusis biT vaWrobis aRkveTis mizniT. xelisuflebas

yaraulisa da garnizonis Tvalwin, maSin gas- ganzraxuli hqonda adamianebiT movaWre Tavad
agebia, ra iqneboda, Tu vinme qveynis siRrmeSi beJan mxeiZis dapatimreba, magram es SeuZle-
Sesvlas gabedavda. yvelam kargad icoda hasan beli gaxda imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi razmiT
beis veragoba da cbiereba“. diubua de mon- mudmivad tyeebSi cxovrobda. 1805 wlis 29 oq-
pere Tavad gamxdara mowme, Tu ori galeriT tombers saqarTvelos mTavarsardali pavel
rogor daesxnen mekobreebi Tavs savaWro gems cicianovi peterburgSi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi
kodoris koncxTan. mekobreebs daedevna sox- iTxovda, rom `samegreloSi tyveebiT vaWrobis
umis navsadgurSi mdgari ruseTis samxedro sabolood alagvmisaTvis foTSi gadasaxle-
gemi, magram uSedegod. mZarcvelTa galerebi bul tyveebiT movaWre aznaurebs, romelTac
miimalnen mdinare kodoris SesarTavSi, xSir `mamulebi aqvT dadianis samflobeloSi (.....)
tyeSi. frangi mogzauri wers: galerebSi daax- dadianis sasargeblod CamoerTvaT adgil-
loebiT 120 yaCaRi imyofeboda, mZarcvelebs mamuli“, xolo dapatimrebis SemTxvevSi isini
meTaurobda afxazeTis mTavris mixeil Serva- gadaecnen samxedro sasamarTlos. cicianovis
SiZis megobari sami Tavadi, xolo mZarcvele- Txovna uyuradRebod darCa.
bi bomboradan iyvnen. maTi umravlesoba mas Semdeg, rac qarTvelTa da rusTa
amoicno gaZarcvuli gemis Skiperma, romelic jarma 1809 wels foTi aiRo, gaxarebuli ale-
afxazeTidan iyo. am faqtidan cxadi xdeba, qsandr tormasovi peterburgs acnobebda,
rom mekobreebsa da adamianebis gamtaceblebs rom foTis aRebiT àRikveTa yovelgvari
xels uwyobda afxazeTis ukanaskneli mTavari boroteba, romelic qristiani tyveebis gay-
mixeil ServaSiZe. idvis saxiT aqamde arsebobda“. saqarTvelos
adamianebs itacebdnen ruseTis imperato- mTavarsardali aRniSnavda, rom adamianebs it-
ris samxedro samsaxurSi myofi adgilobrivi acebdnen imereTidan, guriidan, samegrelodan
qarTveli Tavdebic. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT da Semdeg yiddnen iranis, osmaleTisa da egvip-
gamoirCeoda guruli Tavadi maiori Tavadi tis monaTa bazrebze. 1810 wlis 14 Tebervals
daviT maWutaZe da misi Svili aleqsandre
aleqsandre.. maT ruseTis imperiis samxedro ministri mixail
yaCaRTa mTeli banda hyavdaT, romlebic ganu- barkalai de toli tormasovs swerda: `saWiroa
wyvetliv TareSobdnen da motacebul qarTve- axalcixis safaSos male aReba…(...), raTa mo-
lebs foTSi monebad yiddnen. 1828 wels gen- mavalSi aRkveTil iqnas saqarTveloSi lekTa,
erali nikolai sipiagini ivan paskeviCs swerda, osmalTa da iranelTa TareSi“. imxanad axal-
rom maiori maWutaZe Tavisi razmiT sistemat- cixis aReba ver moxerxda, xolo buqarestis
urad `Tavs esxmis megrelebs, xolo 31 maiss zaviT (1812 w.) foTi kvlav osmaleTs gadaeca.
(1828 w. _ v. g.) maT tyved aiyvanes sami mamak- jer kidev foTis osmaleTisaTvis dabrune-
aci“. Tavad maWutaZes hyavda Zlieri mfarve- bamde samegrelos dedofali nino tormaso-
li _ guriis gamgebeli dedofali sofio sofio.. vTan Cioda, rom, Tavadebi, giorgi da beJan
4. adamianebiT vaWroba samegreloSi, af- mxeiZeebi, „gamudmebiT yidian qristianebs os-
xazeTSi, webeldaSi, samurzayanosa da guriaSi. malebze da urwmunoebze“. 1812 wels samegre-
1804 wlis 16 ivniss piotr litvinovma same- los mTavarma beJan mxeiZe daatyveva da rus
grelos mosaxleobas acnoba, rom adamianebiT general ion rikhofs gadasca. male rikho-
movaWreni ruseTis kanonebiT daisjebodnen. fi gardaicvala da mis nacvlad daniSnulma
brZanebaSi ganmartebuli iyo, rom sikvdiliT general-maiorma dimitri orbelianma beJan
daisjeboda ara marto adamianebis gamtace- mxeiZe sikvdiliT dasjis nacvlad gaaTavisu-
beli da tyviT movaWre, aramed misi ojaxis fla. rogorc aRvniSneT, buqarestis zaviT
yvela wevri. am brZanebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg foTi ruseTma kvlav osmaleTs daubruna, ra-
SeSinebulma tyviT movaWreebma Tavi foTis sac adamianebiT vaWrobis gamococxleba mo-
cixes Seafares. foTis cixis garnizoni mudmi- hyva. 1813 wlis 16 marts samegrelos mTavari
vad aZlevda TavSesafars imereTidan, samegre- levan dadiani saqarTvelos mTavarsardal
lodan da guriidan devnil adamianebis gam- nikolai rtiSCevs atyobinebda, rom foTisa
taceblebs. 1805 wlis 28 Tebervals ruseTis da anakliis osmaleTisaTvis gadacemis Semdeg
imperatorisa da samegrelos mTavris saxeliT osmalebma afxazebs adamianebiT vaWrobis ga-
litvinovma gamoaqveyna brZaneba da mowodeba Zlierebisaken mouwodes. levan dadiani werda:
samegreloSi adamianebis gatacebisa da tyvee- `jer kidev 5 Tvec ar iqneba, rac osmalebma
282
vaxtang guruli
daibrunes foTis cixe da ukve osmalebisagan cia, mTeli datvirTviT aemuSavebina mdinare
waqezebulma afxazebma iq Caiyvanes da gayides rionis sanaosno gza, rac aseve warmoudgeneli
Cveni sarwmunoebis 200-300 adamiani“. am droi- iyo tyveTa syidvis pirobebSi. unda aRiniSnos,
dan foTi kvlav iqca saqarTvelodan motace- rom osmaleTi dainteresebuli iyo ruseT-
buli adamianebis mTavar saeqsporto punqtad Tan vaWrobiT, saqarTvelos sanavsadguro
da adamianebiT movaWreTa TavSesafrad. qalaqebSi saqonlis SemotaniT, magram sanam
1814 wels imereTis mmarTveli general- soxumi, anaklia da foTi osmaleTis xelSi
maiori fiodor simonoviCi saqarTvelos mTa- iyo, osmalebi imereTidan, guriidan da same-
varsardal nikolai rtiSCevs atyobinebda, grelodan, upirveles yovlisa, gogo-biWebis
rom foTSi myofi osmalo seraskiri seid su- gayvaniT iyvnen dainteresebulni. erT-erTi
leiman faSa da selim faSa ximSiaSvili aqtiur oficialuri dokumenti, romelic 1811 wels
monawileobas iRebdnen imereTidan, samegre- ganekuTvneba, iuwyeba, rom osmalo vaWrebi
lodan, guriidan da afxazeTidan gatacebuli Semotanil saqonels swored qarTvel gogo-
adamianebiT vaWrobaSi. adamianebis gatacebisa biWebze cvlidnen.
da tyveebiT vaWrobis aRkveTis mizniT ruse- ruseTis xelisuflebis RonisZiebebs
Tis xelisuflebis daxmarebiT energiulad adamianTa vaWrobis aRsakveTad daundobel
ibrZoda samegerelos mTavari levan dadi- brZolas ucxadebdnen adgilobrivi Tavade-
ani. 1815 wlis 28 noembers `webeldis Te- bi da aznaurebi, romlebic tyveTa syidvis
mis batonebma misost uCerdias Ze marSaniam, akrZalvis SemTxvevaSi Semosavlis mTavar
saraluf Tulafsis Ze marSaniam da zerefsu wyaros kargavdnen. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT
omeris Ze marSaniam saficari wigni misces le- mZime viTareba iyo afxazeTSi. rusi moxeleebi
van dadians, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom maT- oficialur dokumentebSi aRniSnavdnen, rom
gan ar iqneboda àrca taceba tyvisa da arca tyveTa syidvis CerqezeTSi aRkveTis SemTx-
sxva raime“ avis moqmedeba. sami Tavadidan ar- vevaSi Cerqezebma da afxazebma unda dakargon
cerTma wera-kiTxva ar icoda, ris gamoc safi- saarsebo saSualebaTa mopovebis wyaro. rusi
car wignze maTi TxovniT xels awerda levan moxeleebi imasac aRniSnavdnen, rom tyveTa
dadianis karis dekanozi ivane ioseliani. syidvis aRmofxvris Semdeg afxazebsa da Cer-
miuxedavad gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa, qezebs unda gauxsnan arsebobis saSualebaTa
samegreloSi adamianebis gataceba da tyvee- mopovebis sxva gzebi, raTa isini „ar iqnan mi-
biT vaWroba ver aRikveTa. Tavisuflad da- yvanili iqamde, rom Tavze xeli aiRon, rac
TareSobdnen tyveebiT movaWre Tavadi beJan SeiZleba gamoixatos qristianeTa, upirates-
mxeiZe, aznauri beJuk gamsaxurdia da mravali ad rusTa, wartyvevnasa da am tyveebiT vaW-
sxva. ociode wlis Semdeg, 1837 wels, webelde- robaSi, razedac ukan ar daixevs es mxecuri
li marSaniebi saqarTvelos mTavarsardal Cveulebis matarebeli xalxi.“ miuxedavad xe-
grigori rozens damorCildnen. danebebisas lisuflebis mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa,
Tavadebma rusebs gadasces maT mier gatace- afxazeTSi tyveebiT vaWroba yvaoda ara mar-
buli 40 mamakaci, romelTagan zogierTs ty- to XIX saukunis damdegs, aramed 50-60 wlebis
veobaSi 15-25 weli hqonda gatarebuli, xolo Semdegac. 1860-1861 wlebSi xelisuflebis
erTi maTgans _ 30 weli. davalebiT polkovnikma koniarma gamoikvlia
ruseTis xelisuflebis brZola adamian- afxazeTSi Seqmnili viTareba. dadasturda,
ebiT vaWrobis aRkveTisaTvis, cxadia, dadebiT rom adaTobrivi samarTliT, afxazeTSi daSve-
movlenas warmoadgenda da qarTvelTa geno- buli iyo monad gadaqciaT: 1. Tavisufali mo-
fondis gadarCenas uwyobda xels. Tumca, ru- saxlkare; 2. gamosyiduli tyve; 3. valis verg-
seTis saimperatoro kars, garda dapyrobil adamxdeli; 4. gamousworebeli borotmoqmedi;
qveyanaSi wesrigis damyarebisa, sxva mizezic 5. moRalate; 6. nacTunebi qali da sxva. afxa-
amoZravebda. xelisuflebas surda Savi zRvis zeTSi tyveebis (monebis) mTeli wodeba arse-
sanapiroze (afxazeTSi, samegrelosa da gu- bobda. afxazurad am wodebis warmomadgenels
riaSi) rusi kolonistebis Camosaxleba, rac „axaSala
axaSala““ (zedmeti) ewodeboda. isini sazoga-
adamianebis gatacebisa da tyveebiT vaWro- doebis nawilad ar iTvlebodnen. axaSala Sei-
bis pirobebSi ver ganxorcieldeboda. ru- Zleba gadasuliyo „agrivas,“ „„axuves
axuves“(glexis,
“(glexis,
seTis xelisuflebas aseve surda Savi zRvis mojalabis) wodebaSi. agrivas ufleba hqonda,
sanavsadguro qalaqebi savaWro centrebad eq- mflobelis nabarTviT ojaxi Seeqmna da calke
283
mosaxlkare gamxdariyo, agriva SeiZleba gada- sTan, afxazeTTan, webeldasa da samurzaya-

suliyo „anaivas
„anaivas““ wodebaSi, (Tavisufali, ma- nosTan SedarebiT kidev ufro farTo masS-
gram begaravaldebuli mosaxlkare). gayidvis tabebs aRwevda. es upiratesad osmaleTis
SemTxvevaSi, axaSalas fasi 450 maneTs aRwevda. uSualo mezoblobiT aixsneboda. guriis mdi-
Tu gogona lamazi iyo, fasic Sesabamisad iz- vanbegebis, Tavad svimon gugunavasa da Ta-
rdeboda. 1868 wels Catarebuli kameraluri vad giorgi erisTavis mier 1818-1822 wlebSi
aRweris Sedegad dadginda, rom quTaisis gu- tyveebiT vaWrobasTan dakavSirebiT miRe-
berniis soxumis okrugSi 1.278 mona (axaSala) bul gadawyvetilebebSi auarebeli cnobebia
iyo, maT Soris 831 mamrobiTi sqesisa da 447 _ daculi tyveTa syidvis Sesaxeb. ai, ramden-
mdedrobiTisa. ime maTgani: otiela da kakaba kandelakiS-
tyveTa vaWrobiT afxazeTs ar Camouvar- vilebi uCiodnen gogiTaias, rom man miitaca
deboda samurzayano
samurzayano.. 1827 wels aq Seqmnili maTi namziTvi gogo, garyvna da mere gayida;
viTarebis Sesaxeb general nikolai sipiag- ivane CantlaZe uCioda iesela ramiSvils, rom
inisadmi wardgenil moxsenebaSi polkovniki misma Svilma, gabrielma, mamamisis daxmarebiT
bebuTovi aRniSnavda, rom samurzayanoeli Ta- moitaca ivane CantlaZis gogo da gayida os-
vadebi, afxazTa axlobeli mezoblebi, `tyvee- maleTSi. aseTi magaliTebi bevria sasamarT-
biT vaWrobiT, qurdobiT da yaCaRobiT savse- los gadawyvetilebaTa oqmebSi. sasamarTlo-
biT emsgavsebian am ukanasknelT.~ Semdeg be- Si adamianebiT movaWre gamodioda, rogorc
buTovi agrZelebs: `samurzayanos mcxovrebni mopasuxe da, Tu igi Tavisi udanaSaulobis
Cveni jaris mier samurzayanos datovebis Sem- dasadastureblad 24 mowmes ver miiyvanda,
deg nel-nela isev ubrundebian tyveebiT vaW- momCivnisaTvis mxolod zaralis anazRaureba
robas da sxva miutevebel saqmeebs~, radgan ekisreboda. da es maSin, rodesac guriaSi sao-
aravisi ar eSiniaT. samurzayanoeli Tavadebi jaxo nivTebis, xarisa da cxenis qurdobisaT-
adamianebs itacebdnen ara marto imereTsa da vis ufro mkacri sasjeli iyo dakanonebuli.
samegreloSi, aramed TviT samurzayanoSic. savaraudoa, rom guriis mdivanbegebi kavSirSi
samegrelos mTavari adamianebis gatacebasa iyvnen adamianebiT movaWreebTan da wilsac
da tyveebiT vaWrobaSi brals sdebda samurza- Rebulobdnen maTi Semosavlidan. samagierod,
yanoel Tavadebs: Temuryva anCabaZes, daTa an- Zalze mkacri iyo mosaxleobis msjavri: gax-
CabaZes, sesiryva emxvars, jamuleT marRanias, urebuli SanTisa da mduRare wylis gamoy-
al. ServaSiZes. ruseTis xelisuflebas am Ta- eneba dakiTxvisas da, danaSaulis damtkicebis
vadebis dapatimreba da dasja saSiSad miaCnda. Semdeg –koconze dawva. guriidan marto mo-
oficialur dokumentSi es Semdegnairad aris tacebul qarTvelebs ki ar yiddnen osmaleT-
axsnili: `TiTqmis yovel samurzayanoel Ta- Si, aramed piriqiTac, osmaleTSi motacebul
vads, aqvs ra naTesauri kavSiri afxazeTisa adamianebs yiddnen guriaSi. zemoT xsenebul
da webeldis TavadebTan, rom ara vTqvaT-ra mdivanbegTa ganCinebis oqmebSi aRniSnulia,
maTs mezoblebze (igulisxmebian Cerqezebi rom vinme beJana uCivis vinme onisimes (do-
_ v. g.), metad advilad SeuZliaT gaaRrmaon kumentSi gvarebi ar aris miTiTebuli_ v. g.).
xalxis ukmayofileba da xelsayrel SemTx- beJanas mamas onisimesTan erTad sami `TaTari~
vevaSi samurzayanoSi gamoiwvion mRelvareba. moutacebia, TiToeuli aTas marCilad Rire-
Cvens xelisuflebas ki samurzayanoSi ara hy- buli. motacebulebi onisimes miuTvisebia da
avs samxedro Zala da metad gauWirdeba aR- axla beJana fulad anazRaurebas iTxovda. gu-
mofxvras iq boroteba da aRadginos wesrigi.~ riaSi adamianebis gataceba da maTi osmaleTSi
am dokumentidan kargad Cans, rom drodadro gayidva XIX saukunis damdegidan 40 welze
tyveebiT movaWre samurzayanoel Tavadebs metxans grZeldeboda. germaneli mogzauri
ruseTis xelisufleba loialurad epyrobo- august franc ludvig haqsthauzeni, romelic
da. polkovniki bebuTovi moiTxovda, rac Sei- guriaSi 1843 wels imyofeboda, werda, rom
Zleba daeCqarebinaT samurzayanoSi ruseTis guria meCxeradaa dasaxlebuli, risi mizezic
jarebis Seyvana. polkovniki daaskvnida: ru- yofila osmalTa gamanadgurebeli TareSi da
seTis jaris Seyvanis Semdeg tyveebiT movaWre bavSvebiT vaWroba, rac Turme guriaSi mog-
samurzayanoeli Tavadebi SeSindebian da sxva zauris yofnis drosac grZeldeboda faru-
saqmes mohkideben xelso. lad. amitom iyo, rom xelisufleba iZulebu-
guriaSi tyveebiT vaWroba samegrelo- li gaxda, XIX saukunis dasawyisSi specialuri
284
vaxtang guruli
saguSagoebi Seeqmna mdinare natanebze, osma- general-gubernatorisaTvis gagzavnil pasuxSi

leTSi gadasasvlel fonTan. kavkaasiis mefisnacval aleqsandr bariatins-
5. adamianebiT vaWroba imereTSi. imereTSi kis moadgile grigol orbeliani moiTxovda,
adamianebiT vaWrobas xels uwyobda imereTi- mZarcvelebi, kontrabandistebi da adamianebiT
dan axalcixis safaSoSi Seuferxeblad gadas- movaWreni cimbirSi gadasaxlebiT daesajaT.
vlis SesaZlebloba. adamianebis motaceba da 6. adamianebiT vaWroba qarTlsa da kax-
osmaleTSi gayidva imereTSi XIX saukunis dam- eTSi. adamianebis motacebis TvalsazrisiT
degidan 40-50 wlis ganmavlobaSi grZeldebo- kidev ufro daucveli iyo qarTl-kaxeTi. kax-
da. axalcixidan regularulad gahyavdaT qa- eTSi War-belaqnidan regularulad Semodi-
rTveli tyveebi osmaleTisa da egviptis mona- odnen lekebi, itacebdnen adamianebs da gahy-
Ta bazarze. motacebuli adamianebiT vaWrobis avdaT isini axalcixeSi. mtkvris xeobiT axal-
saqmes axalcixis faSa awesrigebda, romelic cixis safaSodan qarTlSi Semodiodnen lekTa
tyveebiT movaWreTagan did Semosavals iRebda. da osmalTa moTareSe razmebi da motacebuli
1816 wels saqarTvelos mTavarsardali niko- adamianebi isev axalcixeSi gahyavdaT. osebs
lai rtiSCevi ruseTis imperators moaxsenebda: qarTlSi Semosvla SeeZloT liaxvisa da arag-
imereTSi `dRemde gabatonebuli sizarmacisa vis xeobebiT da adamianebis motacebis Semdeg
da uTaurobis~ Sedegad `Tavadebi da aznaurebi imave gziT brundebodnen ukan. saqarTvelos
da saerTod, imereli memamuleebi~ ver ikmayo- uzenaesi mTavrobis aRmasrulebeli da sa-
fileben TavianT moTxovnilebas `Tu ara maTi samarTlo eqspediciis arqivSi adamianebis
qveSevrdomi glexebis xarjze. TiTqmis yvelas gatacebis Sesaxeb bevri masalaa SemorCenili.
miRebuli aqvs wesad, rom kargi cxenis, Tofis, ai, zogierTi maTgani: 1807 wels lekebi Tavs
farCis da maTTvis saWiro sxva sagnisaTvis, daesxnen goris mazris sofel gudameTas da
aseve megobruli saCuqrebis saxiT gasces Ta- tyved waiyvanes 3 mamakaci da 12 qali, romle-
visi glexebi, xolo xSirad _ ramdenime ojaxi, bic axalcixeSi gayides; 1807 welsve lekebi
miuxedavad imisa, rom isini myidvelebs gahy- Tavs daesxnen goris mazris sofel xidisTavs
avT imereTis sazRvridan,~ e. i. osmaleTSi. da adamianebi gaitacebs. XIX saukunis dam-
imereli Tavadebi da aznaurebi motacebul degidan yovewliurad lekebi 40-50 Tavdasx-
adamianebs an TavianT ymebs samegrelos gavliT mas awyobdnen kaxeTisa da qarTlis soflebze.
foTSic yiddnen. rtiSCevma Tavadebsa da azn- lekebi ise gaTamamdnen, rom xSirad ieriSi
aurebs imereTis sazRvrebs gareT ymebis gay- cixeebzec ki mihqondaT, sadac maxlobeli so-
idva aukrZala. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals flebis adamianebi iyvnen Sefarebulni. 1857
daudgenia, rom imereTis Tavadebi da aznaure- wels lekebi moulodnelad Tavs daesxnen da-
bi TavianT ymebs valis gadauxdelobis SemTx- viT garejis samonastro kompleqss, gaZarcves
vevaSi mevaleebs aZlevdnen. rtiSCevi ruseTis igi da Tan waiRes didi simdidre. maT tyved
imperators sTxovda daxmarebas, raTa mevaxSi- aiyvanes beri mitrofane
mitrofane,, morCili mixeil ser-
saTvis ymis micema kanoniT akrZaluliyo. xe- giaSvili,, 2 kaci saguSago razmidan da 1 rusi
giaSvili
lisuflebis mier gatarebulma RonisZiebeb- ymawvili. osebi ZiriTadad qarTlis soflebs
ma sasurveli Sedegi ver gamoiRo. 1859 wels Zarcvavdnen da adamianebsac qarTlidan ita-
quTaisis general-gubernatori kavkasiis same- cebdnen. pavel cicianovis mier 1803 _ 1804
fisnacvlos mTavarmarTvelobis ufrosisadmi wlebSi War-belaqanSi mowyobilma samxedro
gagzavnil saidumlo moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda: eqspediciebma, rasac lekebis damarcxeba da
mTel quTaisis guberniaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki _ maTi ruseTis qveSevrdomobaze daficeba mo-
osmaleTis mosazRvre raionebSi, gavrcelebu- hyva, ver aRkveTa maT mier kaxeTsa da qarTlSi
lia `cxenis qurdoba, tyveebiT vaWroba, qur- adamianebis motaceba da axalcixeSi gayvana.
doba, kontrabandistoba da mZarcveloba~, rac saqarTveloSi adamianebis motaceba da
xSirad dausjeli rCeboda adgilobrivi poli- maTi osmaleTisa da egviptis bazrebze gayidva
ciis uRonobis gamo, radgan `cnobili qurde- ver aRkveTa ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 wlebis,
bi, mZarcvelebi, kontrabandistebi, tyveebiT 1826-1828 wlebis, ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812
movaWreni yovelTvis pouloben dasayrdens wlebis, 1828-1829 wlebis omebSi ruseTis gamar-
mosaxleobaSi.~cxadia, am mosaxleobaSi igu- jvebam. es damRupveli movlena ruseTis mier
lisxmeba ara imereTis miosaxleoba, aramed ax- qarTuli samefoebis dapyrobidan 40-50 wlis
aalcixis safaSos mosaxleoba, ufro zustad, Semdgegac grZeldeboda.
sazRvris dacvis osmalo moxeleebi. quTaisis
285
Tavi XVI. ruseTis koloniuri politika saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis

pirveli naxevari)
ruseTis saimperatoro kars kargad es- gomareobaSi Cavardnil qarTvel Tavadebsa da

moda, rom qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis da- aznaurebs axali gansacdeli daatydaT Tavs
pyroba da iran-osmaleTis omebSi gamarjveba mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo ruseTis imperi-
sulac ar iyo sakmarisi qarTveli eris asimi- am daipyro. 1783 wels qarTl-kaxeTis samefo
laciisa da saqarTvelos ruseTis imperiis ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi Sevida. 1801
ganuyofel nawilad gadaqcevisaTvis. es ori wlis 12 seqtembers ruseTis imperatorma ale-
amocana xangrZliv periodze gaTvlil ruse- qsandr I-ma mfarvelobaSi miRebuli samefo
Tis koloniur politikas unda gadaeWra. gaauqma. ruseTi aTwleulebis manZilze emza-
deboda saqarTvelos dasapyrobad, saqarT-
veloSi sxvadasxva misiiT Camosuli rusi mox-
eleebi seriozulad swavlobdnen qarTuli
§1. tradiciuli qarTuli socialuri sistemis samefo-samTavroebis politikur sistemas,
ngreva ekonomikur wyobasa da socialur struqtu-
ras. miuxedavad amisa, rusuli mmarTveloba
qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis arsebobis
pirveli dReebidanve did sirTuleebs waawy-
bolo sami saukunis (XVI-XVIII ss.) ganmavlobaSi
da.
mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda feodaluri
sirTuleebi obieqturma mizezebma gana-
aristokratia _ Tavadebi da aznaurebi
aznaurebi,, so-
piroba. saqme is iyo, rom ruseTis politi-
cialuri klasi, romelic istoriulad qar-
kuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri sistema gan-
Tuli jaris birTvs warmoadgenda da rom-
sxvavdeboda saqarTveloSi saukuneebis gan-
lidanac kompleqtdeboda mTeli samoxeleo
mavlobaSi damkvidrebuli sistemisagan. saqa-
aparati, nel-nela kargavda qonebas. dasav-
rTveloSi arsebuli miwis mflobelobis wesi
leT evropaSi Tavidanve dakanonda e. w. maio-
da mTlianad batonymoba rusulis msgavsi ar
ratis sistema, rac imaSi mdgomareobda, rom
iyo. aRarafers vambobT qarTul mentalite-
feodali vaJebidan mxolod erTs, ufross,
tze, romelic aseve arafriT hgavda rusuls.
gadascemda uZrav-moZravi qonebis (cixe-si-
pirvel rigSi, qarTvelebma ver gaiges,
magris, sasaxlis, miwis), aseve, ymebis, udides
ufro zustad, veravin auxsna maT, ratom gau-
nawils. danarCeni Svilebi mamisagan Rebu-
qmda mefoba. qarTvelma Tavadma, aznaurma
lobdnen mxolod gvars, wodebas da qonebis
da glexma mironcxebuli mefis adgilze ve-
mcire nawils. maioratis sistemam ganapiroba
rafriT warmoidgina rusi mTavarsardali (mTa-
is, rom feodalis mamuli, pirvel rigSi, miwa,
varmarTebeli). ucxo da miuRebeli aRmoCnda
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi ar iyofoda da misi
qarTuli mentalitetisaTvis rusebis mier
ZiriTadi nawili rCeboda erTi mflobelis
dakanonebuli saqarTvelos administraciul-
xelSi. sapirispiro movlenas vxedavT saqarT-
teritoriuli dayofa. qarTvelma glexma ver
veloSi. feodalis uZrav-moZravi qoneba daus-
gaigo, ratom unda hqonoda saqme Tavadis an
ruleblad nawildeboda Svilebs Soris. aseTi
mouravis nacvlad gubernatorTan an maz-
danawilebis Sedegi is iyo, rom sul ufro
ris ufrosTan, samarTali ratom unda eZia
mcirdeboda Semosavali, romelsac Tavadebi
ara qarTvel mdivanbegTan (mosamarTlesTan),
da aznaurebi TavianTi mamulebidan iRebdnen.
aramed _ samazro an sagubernio sasamarT-
bevr Tavadsa da aznaurs samefo karze sam-
loSi; saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi ratom
saxurisaTvis miRebuli jamagiris gareSe ukve
iyo rusulad da ganaCeni ratom ikiTxeboda
arseboba aRar SeeZlo. ase nel-nela mwifde-
qarTvelisaTvis ucxo, gaugebar enaze. es da
boda qarTuli feodaluri aristokratiis
kidev bevri sxva cvlileba bundovani, metic,
tragedia,, romlis boloswina scena XIX sau-
tragedia
miuRebeli gamodga qarTvelobisaTvis.
kunis damdegidan, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos
warmoiSva kidev ufro didi sirTulee-
dapyrobis Semdeg, gaTamaSda, xolo ukanaskne-
bic. ruseTSi piotr I-is (1796-1825) dros
li _ XIX saukunis 60-70-iani wlebidan, baton-
gauqmda feodaluri klasis dayofa fenebad
ymobis gauqmebis Semdeg.
da mTeli feodaluri klasi gaerTianda erT
1. Seusabamoba qarTul da rusul social-
wodebaSi, romelsac ewoda ``dvorianstvo
dvorianstvo~~
ur sistemebs Soris. umZimes ekonomikur md-
286
vaxtang guruli
Дворянство).
(Дворянство ). am wodebis arsis gamomxatveli rTveloSi mosaxleobis saerTo raodenobas-
sityva qarTulSi ar moiZebna da mogvianebiT Tan SefardebiT Tavadebi da aznaurebi Zalze
mis nacvlad damkvidrda termini `Tavadazn-
Tavadazn- mravlad iyvnen. amis gamo warCinebulebs maTi
auroba~.
auroba ~. Tavadisa da grafis wodeba rusul wodebis damadasturebeli sabuTi mosTxoves,
sinamdvileSi darCa, magram iqca sapatio wo- romelic bevr ZirZvel Tavadsa da aznaurs
debad, romelsac imperatori `dvorianins~ ar aRmoaCnda da mravali maTgani wodebis
aniWebda gansakuTrebuli damsaxurebisaT- dakargvis saSiSroebis winaSe aRmoCnda. ofi-
vis. qarTul sinamdvidaleSi `dvorianinis~ cialurad dadgenili wesis mixedviT wodebis
Дворянин~)
(,,Дворянин
(,, ~) cneba gaugebari darCa, ras gu- damtkicebas rom ver miaRwies, qarTvelma Ta-
lisxmobda es termini: Tavads Tu aznaurs, Tu vadebma da aznaurebma yalbi dokumentebiT
orives erTad? qarTuli feodaluri klasi scades fons gasvla. asparezze gamovida cno-
tradiciulad iyofoda or fenad: Tavadebad bili avantiuristi vinme aSordia
aSordia,, romelmac
da aznaurebad
aznaurebad.. saqarTveloSi Tavadi da azn- Tavadobisa da aznaurobis damadasturebeli
auri mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda. samefo karze yalbi sigelebis Sedgenas mihyo xeli. aravin
iyo Tanamdebobebi, romlebzec Tavadebi iniS- icis, ramdeni yalbi sigeli Seadgina man, ma-
nebodnen da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZle- gram erT-erTi sigelis siyalbe dadginda da
boda am Tanamdebobaze aznauri aRmoCeniliyo. aSordias karierac amiT dasrulda. aSor-
cxadia, qarTveli Tavadi ar ikadrebda aznau- dia naxevrad realuri, naxevrad gamogonili
risaTvis Sesaferis Tanamdebobaze daniSvnas. pirovneba SeiZleba iyos. ar aris gamoricxu-
saqarTveloSi rusi `dvorianini
`dvorianini~~ qarTveli li, rom sxva yalbismqmnelic amzadebda aseT
aznauris Tanabar wodebad miaCndaT. sinamd- sabuTebs, oRond istorias mxolod aSordia
vileSi es ase araa. rusul `dvorianstvoSi~ SemorCa. erTi ram cxadia, qarTul sinamdvile-
igulisxmeboda rogorc Tavadi, isedidi, ise Si aznauris gverdiT damkvidrda axali cneba
saSualo da wvrili feodali. rus `dvoria- àSordias
aSordias aznauri
aznauri~.
~. àSordias aznauri~ iseT
nins~, qarTveli aznaurisagan gansxvavebiT, aznaurs ewodeboda, romelsac wodeba yalbi
SeeZlo Zalze mniSvnelovani Tanamdebobis sigelis safuZvelze hqonda damtkicebuli.
dakaveba TviT umaRles saxelmwifo organoeb- Tumca moipoveba iseTi masalac, romelic,
Sic ki. saqarTvelos koloniurma administra- namdvilobis TvalsazrisiT, aranair eWvs ar
ciam Tavadebsa da aznaurebs Soris arsebuli badebs da mTeli procesis monawilenic re-
mkveTri zRvris arseboba ar gaiTvaliswina da alurad arsebuli adamianebi iyvnen. imerelma
es ori fena uflebrivad gaaTanaswora (maTi Tavadma wereTelma Tavadis wodebis damadas-
qonebrivad gaTanasworeba, cxadia, SeuZle- turebeli sabuTi ver waradgina sasamarTlo-
beli iyo). qarTvelma Tavadebma Zalze mt- Si. wodebis dakargvis realuri saSiSroebisT-
kivneulad aRiqves, rom mazrisa da guberniis vis Tavi rom daeRwia, man yalbi dokumentis
saTavadaznauro sakrebuloSi Tavadebi da Sedgena gadawyvita. mefe solomon I-is sax-
aznaurebi erTad isxdnen da sakiTxis gadaW- eliT daiwera sigeli, romelic adasturebda,
risas TiTo xma hqonda. qarTveli Tavadebi- rom wereTeli Tavadi iyo. yalbi dokumentis
saTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda isic, rom guber- Semqmnelebma windaxeduloba gamoiCines da
niaSi Tavadaznaurobis marSlis (winamZRolis) sigelis teqsti besik gabaSvilis Zmas, oses,
arCevnebSi TavadebTan erTad aznaurebic daawerines. ase imitom moiqcnen, rom qarTl-
monawileobdnen. aseTi ganwyobileba mxolod kaxeTis samefodan gadaxvewis Semdeg mRvdeli
XIX saukunis 10-20-ian wlebSi ki ar SeimCneo- zaqaria gabaSvili da misi Svilebi, maT Soris
da, aramed aTwleulebis Semdegac. cnobilia, besikic, imereTis mefis karze moRvaweobdnen.
Tu rogor mtkivneulad ganicada Tavadma imereTis mefis mier xelmowerili sigelebisa
grigol orbelianma aznaur dimitri yifianis da sxva dokumentebis didi nawili besik gab-
arCeva Tbilisis guberniis Tavadaznaurobis aSvilis mier aris dawerili. wera-kiTxva oses
marSlad. besikma aswavla da Zmebis xelwerac erTmaneTs
2. qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis so- Zalian hgavda. es momenti kargad gamoiyenes
cialuri wodebis namdvilobisa da miwis mflo- yalbismqmnelebma. sigelisaTvis beWedi rus-
belTa vinaobis dadgena. saqarTvelos kolon- ma kapitanma zubovma daamzada. dokumenti
iurma administraciam XIX saukunis damdegsve sasamarTloSi waradgines, magram siyalbe
SeamCnia, rom, ruseTisagan gansxvavebiT, saqa- gamJRavnda. ose gabaSvili gaasamarTles da
287
cimbirSi gadaasaxles, xolo kapitani zubovi ermolovis brZanebiT, mTel saqarTveloSi

rigiT jariskacamde CamoaqveiTes. es ambavi samjer gamocxadda, rom amieridan yovel-
SeiZleboda saerTod ar gamxdariyo cnobili, gvari uZravi-moZravi qonebis yidva-gayidva
rom ara erTi garemoeba. oses cimbiris ga- unda gaformebuliyo werilobiT samazro an
dasaxlebaSi Zalian gauWirda, gadasaxlebidan saolqo (sagubernio) sasamarTloSi, xolo do-
erT-erT batoniSvils werili gamougzavna da kumenti unda Cakruliyo zonargayril wignSi.
daxmareba sTxova. werilSi osem yalbi sige- amasTan erTad, Tu mflobels rame sabuTi
lis Sedgenis istoriac CaurTo. gaaCnda uZravi-moZravi qonebisa (sasaxlis,
erT-erT pirvel did winaaRmdegobas, sameurneo nagebobebisa da sxv.) da ymis flo-
romelsac rusebi waawydnen, warmoadgenda bis Sesaxeb, magram miwis sakuTrebis damadas-
miwis mflobelobis wesisa da rogorc ze- turebeli werilobiTi dokumenti ar hqonda,
moT aRvniSneT, mosaxleobis socialuri unda miemarTa sasamarTlosaTvis. sasamarT-
kuTvnilebis dadgena. rusma moxeleebma ver lo miwis mflobelobis damadasturebel
gaarkvies, miwebidan romeli iyo saxazino (yo- aqts gascemda, Tu ficis qveS 10 mowme daa-
fili samefo), sabatono (Tavadisa da aznauris) dasturebda miwis flobis kanonierebas. unda
da saeklesio (samonastro).
(samonastro). rusi moxelisT- aRiniSnos, rom ermolovma ver miaRwia am
vis gaugebari iyo, maTTan TxovniT misuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv ganxorciele-
adamiani vin iyo: Tavadi, aznauri, glexi Tu bas. man qarTveli Tavadebi da aznaurebi ver
saerTod am socialuri wodebebis miRma md- daarwmuna, rom uZravi-moZravi qonebis, ymis
gari moqalaqe. Tavsatexi Seqmna imanac, rom flobis dakanonebis SemoTavazebuli wesi
imereTSi wereTlis gvars atarebda Tavadic, zians aravis moutanda, anu qonebas ukanonod
aznauric da glexic, abaSiZis gvars _ Tavadi aravin dakargavda. qarTvelebi rusul sa-
da aznauri; baraTaSvilebi qarTlSi Tavadebi samarTlos ar endobodnen, amitom iyo, rom
iyvnen, imereTSi _ glexebi... orwliani vadis amowurvis Semdeg sasamarT-
qarTvelma mefeebma erekle II-m, giorgi loSi gaformda yidva-gayidvis mxolod 38 da
XII-m, solomon I-ma da solomon II-m kargad qonebis flobis damadasturebeli 18 aqti.
icodnen, maT samefoSi vin iyo Tavadi da vin ermolovi iZulebuli gaxda orwliani vada
aznauri. Tavadmac aseve kargad icoda vin gaexangrZlivebina, ramac Sedegi gamoiRo.
iyo da ra miwas flobda misi aznauri. mon- 1827 wels sasamarTloSi am xasiaTis qonebisa
astris winamZRvarma zustad uwyoda samo- da ymis flobis kanonierebis dadasturebis
nastro mamulebis sazRvrebi, aseve kargad Taobaze 14.000 Txovna Sevida. sasamarTloebi
icnobda saeklesio aznaurebsa da glexebs. mzad ar aRmoCndnen amdeni saqmis warmoebi-
sadavo sakiTxebs wyvetda vaxtang VI-is samar- saTvis. amitom iyo, rom kavkasiis samoqalaqo
Tali. axla yovelive es warsuls Cabarda. nawilis mTavarmmarTvelma general-leiten-
rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis Semdeg antma ivan veliaminovma (veliaminov I-ma) sa-
samefo mamulebi ruseTis xazinis sakuTrebad samarTloebs ufleba misca sakuTrebis flo-
iqca. saeklesio mamulebic xazinas gadaeca. bis Sesaxeb yvela dokumenti, Tuki is raime
Tavadebma daiwyes yofili samefo da saekle- eWvs ar iwvevda, sasamarTlo ganxilvis gar-
sio miwebis mitaceba, rasac mohyva uamravi eSe daedasturebinaT. 1827 wels ermolovma
saCivari. Seqmnili gaugebrobis aRmofxvris gasca brZaneba saerTod SeewyvitaT qonebis
mizniT aleqsei ermolovma gadawyvita erT- damadasturebeli Zveli sabuTebis sasamarT-
maneTisagan gaemijna saxazino mamulebi. 1819 loSi ganxilva. es imas niSnavda, rom kavka-
wlis 21 Tebervals mamulebis gamijvnisaTvis siis mTavarsardalma dasaxul mizans ver
aucilebeli samuSaos Sesruleba daevala erT miaRwia, xolo qarTvel Tavadebsa da aznau-
sagubernio da sam samazro miwismzomels. sul rebs uZrav-moZravi qonebis, aseve ymis flo-
male oTx moxeles imdeni saCivari warudgines, bis dadasturebis sxva gza unda moeZebnaT.
rom wakiTxvasac ver audiodnen. ermolovi qonebis flobis dadasturebis erT-erT gzas
iZulebuli gaxda, rom 1825 wlisaTvis miwis warmoadgenda jer kidev mTavarsardal pavel
mzomelebis ricxvi Teqvsmetamde gaezarda. cicianovis (1802-1806) dros dadgenili wesi:
saxazino mamulebis gamijvnasTan erTad qonebis flobis damadasturebeli sabuTi Sei-
miwis mzomelebs daevalaT daedginaT uZrav- Zleboda notariuss gaeca.
moZravi qonebis flobis kanoniereba. aleqsei saqarTvelos (kavkasiis) mTavarsardal
288
vaxtang guruli
aleqsei ermolovis mier gatarebul erT-erT daamtkica. saTavadaznauro sakrebulos Ta-

umniSvnelovanes RonisZiebas warmoadgenda vadisa da aznauris wodebis damtkicebisas
samazro da sagubernio saTavadaznauro sakre- unda exemZRvanela Semdegi wesiT: Tavadisa
buloebis Seqmna, rac isev zemoxsenebuli da aznauris wodeba daudasturdebodaT: 1.
didi problemis gadaWras moiTxovda. sakre- pirebs, romelTa gvarebic ixseniebodnen qar-
buloebis Seqmnamde unda dadgeniliyo, vin Tlisa da kaxeTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis im
flobda Tavadis da vin _ aznauris wodebas. siaSi, romelic erekle II-m daurTo 1783 wlis
am droisaTvis Tavadisa da aznauris wodebis 24 ivliss dadebul georgievskis traqtats;
dadasturebis sakiTxs wyvetda saqarTvelos 2. pirebs, romelTac Tavadis an aznauris wo-
uzenaesi mTavroba. mTavrobaSi saqme Zalian deba georgievskis traqtatis dadebis Semdeg
zereled da uprincipod ixileboda. Tu mTav- mianiWes mefeebma erekle II-m da giorgi XII-m.
roba wardgenil sabuTSi eWvs Seitanda, maSin batoniSvilebis (erekle II-isa da giorgi XII-
Tavadobisa Tu aznaurobis wodebis maZieble- is Svilebis) mier miniWebuli Tavadis an azn-
bi sankt-peterburgsa da moskovSi mcxovreb auris wodeba kanonierad ar unda yofiliyo
qarTvel batoniSvilebs (erekle II-is Svilebsa CaTvlili; 3. pirebs, romlebic arc geor-
da SviliSvilebs) sTxovdnen saqmeSi Carevas gievskis traqtatisaTvis darTul qarTlisa
da isinic dauyovnebliv gascemdnen saWiro da kaxeTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis siaSi
sabuTs. es sabuTi saqarTvelos uzenaes mTav- ixseniebodnen da arc georgievskis traqta-
robaSi ki ar Sedioda, aramed ruseTis imperi- tis dadebis Semdeg erekle II-isa da giorgi
is senats (umaRles sasamarTlos) gadaecemo- XII-is mier ar hqondaT miniWebuli wodeba,
da, romelic Seuferxeblad gascemda wodebis unda waredginaT romelime mefis sigeli, ro-
damadasturebel dokuments. Tavadobisa da melic maT gvariSvilobas adasturebda. Tu
aznaurobis damadasturebeli dokumentebis aseTi sigelis wardgena ver moxerxdeboda,
gacemis samarTlebrivad mowesrigebis sakiTxi maSin wodeba umtkicdebodaT im 12 Tavadisa
pirvelad saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma pav- da aznauris Cvenebis safuZvelze, romelT-
el cicianovma daayena, magram es sakiTxi ara- ac wodeba ukve dadasturebuli hqondaT; 4.
Tu cicianovis mTavarsardlobis periodSi pirebs, romelTac mefeTa karze ekavaT is-
(1802-1806), aramed verc aleqsandr tormaso- eTi Tanamdeboba, romelzedac mxolod Ta-
vis (1809-1811), filip pauluCisa (1811-1812) vadebi an aznaurebi iniSnebodnen; 5. pirebs,
da nikolai rtiSCevis (1812-1816) mTavarsard- romelTac arasdros hqoniaT Tavadis an azn-
lobis wlebSi gadaiWra. auris wodeba, magram ruseTis imperiis winaSe
1818 wlis damdegs gaimarTa qarTveli damsaxurebisaTvis rusuli kanonmdeblobis
Tavadaznaurobis yriloba, romelsac unda mixedviT hqondaT miniWebuli `dvorianinis~
aerCia saTavadaznauro sakrebulos depu- wodeba. erTi SexedviT, es wesi TiTqos Za-
tatebi. aleqsei ermolovi cdilobda qa- lian martivi da advilad gansaxorcielebeli
rTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis darwmune- iyo, magram praqtikulad bevri winaaRmde-
bas imaSi, rom sagvareulo wignis Sedgena goba warmoiqmna: 1. umTavresi winaaRmdegoba
arafriT emuqreboda maT wodebasa da qonebas. is iyo, rom Tavadisa da aznauris wodebis
Tavadaznaurobis sakrebulos sxdoma gaixsna miniWebas da aRiarebas sxvadasxvagvarad
1818 wlis gazafxulze. ermolovis brZanebis wyvetda vaxtang VI-is samarTali da ruseTis
Tanaxmad saTavadaznauro sakrebulo Seadgen- imperiis kanonmdebloba. vaxtang VI-is samar-
da sagvareulo wignebSi Sesatani Tavadebisa Tlis mixedviT, didvaWrebi meore da mesame
da aznaurebis sias, romelsac daamtkicebda rangis aznaurebTan iyvnen gaTanabrebulni.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba. saqarT- rusuli kanonmdebloba aseT gaTanabrebas ar
velos uzenaes mTavrobas mrCevlebad hyav- scnobda; 2. gadasaWreli iyo Semdegi sakiTxic
da qarTveli Tavadebi, romlebic mTavrobas _ vin unda CaTvliliyo aznaurad, mxolod
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi daexmarebodnen. samefo aznauri, Tu saTavado da saeklesio
ermolovis brZaneba qarTvelma Tavadebma da aznauric; 3. unda CaTvliliyo Tu ara kanoni-
aznaurebma Seafases, rogorc saTavadaznau- erad saqarTvelodan gadaxvewili da ruseTSi
ro sakrebulosaTvis undoblobis gamocxade- mcxovrebi qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI-isa da
ba, magram mTavarsardalma ukan ar daixia da misi Svilis, taxtis kanonieri memkvidre baqa-
mis mier gamocemuli brZaneba imperatorma ris mier gacemuli sigelebi; 4. unda mieRoT
289
Tu ara `dvorianinis~ wodeba qarTl-kaxeTis romlebic TiTqmis ymur damokidebulebaSi

samefoSi mcxovreb im somxebsa da TaTrebs, imyofebodnen TavadebTan. yofili saTavado
romlebic samefo karze did Tanamdebobebs aznauri sruluflebiani `dvorianini~ unda
ikavebdnen da Tavis droze hqondaT meliqis, gamxdariyo. `dvorianinis~ wodebis miReba
xanis, begis, sulTnis da sxva wodebebi. sakmaod rTuli da xangrZlivi procesi iyo.
zemoT dasmuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb ale- wodebis miRebamde saTavado aznaurebi Cair-
qsei ermolovs aseTi azri hqonda: 1. samefo icxnen saxazino glexebis kategoriaSi, miiRes
aznaurebs, romlebic qarTl-kaxeTisa da saxazino miwa da daekisraT iseTive gadasaxade-
imereTis samefoebis gauqmebis Semdeg saxazi- bi, rogorsac saxazino glexebi ixdidnen. yo-
no (saxelmwifo) aznaurebad iqcnen, SeiZlebo- fili saTavado aznaurebisaTvis miwis gada-
da damtkicebodaT ruseTis `dvorianinis~ wo- cemis sakiTxi Semdegnairad gadawyda: 1. miwa,
deba; 2. saeklesio aznaurebi, romlebic saqa- romelic saTavado aznaurs mefisagan hqonda
rTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis naboZebi an piradad nayidi, rCeboda aznauris
Semdeg saeklesio miwebze ki ara, aramed saxa- mflobelobaSi; 2. Tu Tavads aznauri mefem
zino (saxelmwifo) miwebze saxlobdnen, samar- miwianad uboZa, maSin miwa rCeboda Tavadis
Tlebrivad samefo (saxelmwifo) aznaurebs mflobelobaSi; 3. Tu saTavado aznaurs miwa
gauTanabrdnen da amdenad, ruseTis `dvori- Tavadma uboZa, maSin miwa rCeboda Tavadis
aninis~ wodeba SeiZleboda damtkicebodaT; mflobelobaSi; 4. Tu saxazino glexTa kat-
3. saTavado aznaurebs, romlebic Tavadebis egoraSi Caricxuli yofili saTavado aznauri
miwaze cxovrobdnen da maTve emsaxurebodnen, SemdgomSi daimtkicebda `dvorianinis~ wode-
ar SeiZleba damtkicebodaT ruseTis `dvori- bas, saxazino fondidan gamoyofili miwa mis
aninis~ wodeba. mflobelobaSi rCeboda.
1822 wlis 16 marts saTavadaznauro 1833 wels saTavado aznaurebis sakiTxis
sakrebulom daadgina: saeklesio da saTava- mogvarebas rogorc qarTlsa da kaxeTSi, ise
do aznaurebi uflebrivad gauTanabrdebod- imereTSi Tavadebsa da aznaurebs Soris didi
nen samefo aznaurebs, Tu isini ixseniebodnen dapirispireba mohyva. 1836 wels gadawyda, rom
georgievskis traqtatisaTvis darTul qar- sadavo sakiTxebi sasamarTloSi ganxiluliyo.
Tlisa da kaxeTis aznaurebis siaSi. is aznau- xangrZlivi winaaRmdegobis Semdeg saqme, ro-
rebi, romlebic am siaSi ar ixseniebodnen da gorc iqna, mogvarda, magram yofili saTavado
arc mefisagan boZebuli aznaurobis damadas- aznaurebi metad Seuracxyofili darCnen imiT,
turebeli sigeli gaaCndaT, ruseTis imperiis rom Tavadebic da sasamarTloc maT ise eqceod-
`dvorianinis~ wodebas ver miiRebdnen. nen, rogorc ymebs.
ruseTSi cxovrebisas vaxtang VI-isa da aranakleb rTuli aRmoCnda didvaWarTa
baqaris mier gacemuli aznauris damadas- fenis uflebrivi mdgomareobis gansazRvra. am
turebeli sigelebis bedi ermolovma ver sakiTxis mogvareba daiwyo aleqsei ermolov-
gadawyvita. es sakiTxi, ruseTis imperatoris ma, magram ver daasrula. sakiTxi sabolood
brZanebiT, mogvianebiT, 1844 wels, gadawyda. 1832 wlis 24 agvistos kanoniT gadawyda. vax-
vaxtang VI-isa da baqaris mier gacemuli aznau- tang VI-is samarTlis mixedviT, didvaWrebi
robis damadasturebeli sigeli, Tu baTilad (moqalaqeebi) aznaurebTan iyvnen gaTanabre-
ar iyo cnobili Semdgomi mefeebis mier, kanoni- buli. 1832 wlis 24 agvistos kanoni didvaWars
erad CaiTvleboda. aznaurad ar cnobda,
cnobda, rac niSnavda, rom kanoni
ruseTis imperatoris 1820 wlis 8 seqtem- mas „dvorianinTan“ ar aTanabrebda. kanoni
bris brZanebuleba awesrigebda meliqebis, didvaWrebs ymis flobas ukrZalavda da aval-
xanebis, begebisa da sulTnebisaTvis ruseTis debulebda, rom oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi ymebi
`dvorianinis~ wodebis miniWebis sakiTxs. am an gaeyidaT, an maTTvis Tavisufleba eboZebi-
SemTxvevaSi wodebis bedi vaxtang VI-is samar- naT. Tu didvaWari ymas miwianad gaaTavisu-
Talsa da rusul kanonmdeblobaze dayrdno- flebda, maSin igi Tavisufali adamiani xde-
biT unda gadaewyvita saTavadaznauro sakre- boda, xolo umiwod ganTavisuflebuli yma
bulos. saxazino glexTa kategoriaSi Cairicxeboda.
1833 wels, didi xnis davis Semdeg, sab- socialuri kuTvnilebisa da miwismflo-
olood gadawyda saTavado aznaurebis uf- belobis sakiTxis mogvareba TiTqos warmate-
lebrivi da qonebrivi mdgomareobis sakiTxi, biT mimdinareobda, magram moulodnelad
290
vaxtang guruli
iseTi ram gamomJRavda, ramac sagonebelSi is gardacvalebamde; 4. Tavadisa da aznauris

Caagdo ara marto kavkasiis mTavarsardlebi wodebis miniWebis, aseve, miwismflobelobis
ivan paskeviCi (1827-1831) da grigori rozeni kanonierebis dadgena unda daevalebinaT ara
(1831-1837), aramed ruseTis imperiis mTav- kavkasiaSi moRvawe saxelgatexili moxelee-
robac. 1830 wlis maisSi Tavadma gabaSvilma bisaTvis, aramed sagangebo komisiisaTvis,
Tbilisis samxedro gubernators acnoba, rom romelSic Sevidodnen iusticiis, finansTa,
TbilisSi ucnobi pirebi mefeTa yalb sige- Sinagan saqmeTa saministroebisa da senatis
lebs amzadebdnen, romlebic Tavadis an azn- moxeleebi.
auris wodebas adasturebda. gabaSvilis wya- peterburgSi gagzavnamde senator evgraf
lobiT dapatimrebuli iqna 16 piri, maT Soris meCnikovis moxseneba ivan paskeviCs waredgina,
ramdenime Tavadi da aznauri, saTavadaznauro romelmac igi moiwona. 1830 wlis 29 noembers
sakrebulos wevri Tavadi daviT baraTaSvili.
baraTaSvili. ruseTis imperiis ministrTa komitetma moi-
policiam Cxrekisas ipova miwaSi Cafluli wona sagangebo komisiis Seqmnis idea. amave
vaxtang VI-is vaJis, taxtis memkvidre baqaris
baqaris,, dros man ar gaiziara senator meCnikovis mo-
qarTlis mefe Teimuraz II-is,II-is, qarTl-kaxeTis sazreba yvela doneze SeewyvitaT Tavadis an
mefeebis erekle II-isa
II-isa da giorgi XII-is,
XII-is, aseve, aznauris wodebis miniWebasTan dakavSirebul
saxlTuxuces Tavad konstantine muxranbato- saqmeTa warmoeba. ministrTa komitetma CaT-
nis beWdebi. dapatimrebulTagan ramdenimem vala, rom aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis Sem-
maSinve aRiara Cadenili danaSauli da daas- TxvevaSi eWvqveS dgeboda mravali patiosani
axela is 11 piri, romelTac yalbi sigelebis adamianis mier sxvadasxva instanciaSi wardge-
safuZvelze jer saTavadaznauro sakrebu- nili kanonieri dokumentebis namdviloba.
lom, xolo Semdeg saqarTvelos uzenaesma sagangebo komisiis Seqmnamde saqarT-
mTavrobam daumtkica Tavadis an aznauris wo- veloSi muSaobas agrZelebda ori komisia:
deba. marTalia, yalbismqnelebi daapatimres, erTi qarTlsa da kaxeTSi, meore _ imereTSi.
magram im 11 piris winaaRmdeg, romelTac yal- am komisiebma muSaoba 1831 wlisaTvis daas-
bi sigelebis safuZvelze Tavadis an aznau- rules. sanam sagangebo komisia TbilisSi
ris wodeba daumtkices, saqme ar aRuZravT.
aRuZravT. am Camovidoda, 1831 wels, ivan paskeviCi kavka-
droisaTvis TbilisSi imyofeboda senatori siis mTavarsardlis postze grigori rozenma
evgraf meCnikovi
meCnikovi.. senatori ivan paskeviCis im (1831-1837) Secvala. am ukanasknels sagangebo
saCivrebis Sesaswavlad Camovida, romlebic komisiis muSaobis Sedegebi Zalze afiqrebda.
kavkasiis samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis mouwyob- 1831 wlis 10 dekembers rozenma moxsenebiTi
lobas exeboda. momxdarma eWvqveS daayena Ta- baraTi warudgina ruseTis imperiis iustici-
vadisa da aznauris wodebis miniWebis mTeli is ministrs da sagangebo komisiis muSaobis
procesi. senatorma meCnikovma moxsenebiTi SeCereba moiTxova. 1832 wlis 25 Tebervals
baraTi gaugzavna ruseTis imperiis iusticiis kavkasiis mTavarsardalma meore moxsenebiTi
ministrs. imavdroulad senatorma imperator baraTi gaugzavna iusticiis ministrs. bar-
nikolai I-Tvis misarTmevad moxsenebiTi bara- aTSi is aRniSnavda, rom peterburgidan Camo-
Ti gaugzavna general-adiutant aleqsandr suli sagangebo komisia adgilobrivi mox-
benkendorfs.. meCnikovi aucileblad Tvlida
benkendorfs eleebis gareSe saqmes Tavs ver gaarTmevda.
Semdegi RonisZiebebis gatarebas: 1. yvela es winaswarmetyveleba axda. komisiam uamra-
doneze (ruseTis imperiis senatis CaTvliT) vi dokumentis Seswavlas or-naxevari weli
unda SeCerebuliyo Tavadis an aznauris wo- moandoma. sul komisiam Svidi weli imuSava,
debis miniWebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmis war- Tumca saqmeebis ganxilva ZiriTadad 1844
moeba; 2. ruseTis imperiis mTavrobas unda wels dasrulda. ruseTis imperiis senatis
gamoeTxova yvela sigeli da sxva dokumenti, gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, imperatorma
romelic adasturebda Tavadis an aznauris nikoloz I-ma 1844 wlis 23 oqtombers gamosca
wodebas, aseve, miwis flobis uflebas; unda brZaneba. am brZanebiT, solomon II-is mefobis
dadgeniliyo, vin ra wodebas da ramden mi- periodSi, 1804 wels, Sedgenil erT-erT do-
was flobda 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris mani- kumentSi moxseniebul imereTis 11 Tavads wo-
festamde; 3. kanonierad unda CaTvliliyo deba daumtkicda. im 44 Tavads da 52 aznaurs,
is saCivrebi, romlebic sxvadasxva instan- romelTac 1830 wels wodeba daumtkicdaT,
ciaSi Sevida qarTl-kaxeTis mefis giorgi XII- Tumca maT mier wodebis damtkicebisas ward-
291
genili dokumentebi sagangebo komisiam nay- aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda.

albevad cno, aseve daumtkicda Tavadisa da qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis gauqmebis
aznauris wodeba. is dokumentebi, romlebsac (1801-1810 ww.) Semdeg, ruseTis saimperatoro
solomon II 1804 wlis Semdgom awerda xels, karis moTxovniT, saqarTvelos (kavkasiis)
Zaladakargulad iqna miCneuli jer kidev ru- mTavarsardlis administracia seriozulad
seTis imperiis senatis 1828 wlis 31 ivlisis Seudga saqarTveloSi batonymuri urTierTo-
dadgenilebiT. es dadgenileba ZalaSi darCa. bis Seswavlas. imTaviTve naTeli gaxda, rom
Tavadisa da aznauris wodebis damt- qarTuli batonymoba gansxvavdeboda rusu-
kicebisaTvis mimdinare aliaqoTs saboloo lisagan.
wertili 1844 wels kavkasiis mefisnacvlad saqarTveloSi arsebuli socialuri wo-
daniSnulma mixail voroncovma dausva. mefis- debebis uflebriv mdgomareobas exeboda ru-
nacvalma sxvadasxva instanciaSi Tavadisa da seTis imperatorebis pavel I-isa da aleqsandr
aznauris wodebis damtkicebisaTvis Sesuli I-is manifestebi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gau-
saqmeebi Sewyvita da mTxovnelebs Ziebuli wo- qmebis Sesaxeb. pavel I-is 1801 wlis 18 de-
deba pirdapir daumtkica. kembris manifestSi aRniSnulia, rom samefos
3. qarTuli batonymobis rusul batony- gauqmebis Semdeg yvela wodebis uflebrivi
mobasTan mimsgavsebis cda. batonymuri urT- mdgomareoba da qoneba daculi iqneboda.
ierToba saqarTveloSi XIV-XVIII saukunee- imaves hpirdeboda qarTvelebs aleqsandr I-ic
bSi yalibdeboda. misi samarTlebrivi mowes- 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestiT.
rigeba daiwyo beqas samarTlisa (Sedgenilia XVIII saukunis damdegs Sedgenili batoniS-
1295-1304 wlebSi) da aRbuRas samarTlis (Sed- vil vaxtangis samarTlis mixedviT, ymis flo-
genilia 1381-1386 wlebSi) wignebiT da sru- bis ufleba hqonda: mefesa da samefo ojaxs,
lyofili saxe miiRo batoniSvil vaxtangis Tavads, aznaursa da eklesias
eklesias.. mflobelis vi-
samarTalSi (Sedgenilia 1705-1708 wlebSi). naobis mixedviT ymebi iwodebodnen: samefo,
daaxloebiT Tanadroulad iwyebs Camoya- saTavado, saaznauro da saeklesio ymebad. gar-
libebas batonymuri urTierToba ruseTSi. da aRniSnulisa, saqarTveloSi iyvnen xizne-
miuxedavad amisa, XIX saukunis damdegisaTvis, bi.. xiznebi orad ganiyofodnen: qarTvel da
bi
ruseTis imperiis mier qarTuli saxelmwifos ucxotomel xiznebad. qarTveli xizani iyo
gauqmebis droisaTvis, qarTuli da rusuli ba- saqarTvelos erTi mxridan meore mxareSi,
tonymoba bevrad gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisa- erTi Tavadidan meore Tavadis mamulSi sx-
gan. es gansxvaveba did problemad eqca ruse- vadasxva mizeziT gaxiznuli glexebi. xizans
Tis saimperatoro karsa da kavkasiis rusul Tavadi an aznauri Seifarebda, miscemda mas
mmarTvelobas. qarTul samarTalsa da ru- sazrdos (samuSaos), magram ar gaaTanabrebda
sul kanonmdeblobas Soris Seusabamobam gan- sakuTar ymasTan, rac mTavaria, mas ar gamouy-
sakuTrebiT mwvaved iCina Tavi saqarTvelos ofda miwas. ucxotomeli xiznebi saqarT-
pirveli mTavarsardlebis (pavel ciciano- veloSi iyvnen CrdiloeT kavkasiidan qarTlSi
vis, ivan gudoviCis, aleqsandr tormasovis, (ZiriTadad Sida qarTlSi) Semosuli osebi
aleqsei ermolovis) dros. ruseTis imperiis da yazax-SamSadiludan qvemo qarTlSi Semox-
senatsa (uzenaes sasamarTlosa) da saxelm- iznuli TaTrebi
TaTrebi..
wifo sabWoSi, ise kavkasiis komitetSic ar iyo TavadTa fena socialurad erTiani iyo,
erTi azri qarTuli batonymobis rusulTan aznaurebi ki iyofodnen sam kategoriad: me-
mimsgavsebulobis Taobaze. am gaWianurebul fis,, Tavadisa da saeklesio aznaurebad. mefis
fis
procesSi qarTul samarTalsa da rusul aznauri mefis miwaze cxovrobda, Tavadis
kanonmdeblobas Soris SeusabamobasTan er- aznauri _ Tavadis, saeklesio aznauri_ekle-
Tad Tavi iCina mwvave sakiTxma: qarTveli Ta- siis miwaze. ymas flobda rogorc samefo, ise
vadebisa da aznaurebis did nawils yma glexis saTavado da saeklesio aznauri.
flobis sando sabuTi ar aRmoaCnda, saeklesio rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis
glexebis flobis sabuTi ver moiZebna monas- pirvelsave wlebSi gairkva, rom batonymur
trebSi. yma glexis kanonieri mflobelis vi- urTierTobebSi arsebuli faqtobrivi mdgo-
naobis dadgenis samarTlebrivi gza arcTu mareoba ar Seesabameboda arc qarTul samar-
advili misagnebi aRmoCnda. daiwyo sxvadasxva Tals (batoniSvil vaxtangis samarTals) da
donis sasamarTloSi saqmeebis ganxilva, rac arc rusul kanonmdeblobas. dadasturda Sem-
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vaxtang guruli
Txvevebi, rodesac Tavadi flobda ara mar- moxeleebis mier ymebis SeZenis kanonierebis
to aznaurebsa da glexebs, aramed eklesiis sakiTxis ganxilvisas ruseTis saxelmwifo sab-
msaxurT (diakvans, mRvdels). iyo SemTxvevebi, Wom dawvrilebiTi axsna-ganmarteba moiTxova.
rodesac sasuliero wodebis mqone pirs flob- ermolovma saxelmwifo sabWosadmi gagzavnil
da aznauric. aRmoCnda, rom ymebs Tavadebis, moxsenebaSi aRniSna, rom kanonmdebloba rus
aznaurebisa da eklesiis garda flobdnen dvorianins ymis SeZenis uflebas aZlevda.
vaWrebi (moqalaqeebi). saqarTvelos pirvelma saqarTveloSi momuSave rusi Cinovnikebis ab-
mTavarsardlebma (pavel cicianovma, ivan gu- soluturi umrevlesoba dvorianini iyo da
doviCma) gamosces brZanebebi, romelTa mizani amdenad, maT qarTveli ymebis SeZenis ufleba
iyo ymis ukanono mflobelobis aRmofxvra. hqondaT.
miuxedavad amisa, es usamarTloba mTlianad 1812 wlidan kavkasiis koloniuri admin-
ver moispo. 1808 wlis 7 ivliss miRebuli iqna istraciis sxvadasxva uwyebaSi uamravi saCi-
ruseTis imperiis kanoni, romelic sasuliero vari Sedioda, romlebSic ymebis uflebrivi
wodebis warmomadgenlebs (mRvdels, diakvans) mdgomareobis mouwesrigeblobaze werdnen.
aTavisuflebda Tavadisa da aznauris ymobis- 1839 wels saqarTveloSi reviziis mizniT
agan. Camosulma senatorma pavel ganma moxsenebiTi
saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadide- baraTi gaugzavna ruseTis imperiis Sinagan
beli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebam Ta- saqmeTa ministrs. moxseneba sxva sakiTxebTan
visTavad dasva saeklesio aznaurTa da glex- erTad batonymur urTierTobebsac exeboda.
Ta iuridiuli statusis sakiTxi. 1811 wlis senatori gani werda, rom batonymuri urT-
13 ivnisis kanoniT, saeklesio aznaurebi da ierToba saqarTveloSi mxolod ukanaskneli
glexebi saeklesio uwyebidan saxazinoSi (sax- mefeebis dros (e. i. XVIII saukuneSi) Camoyali-
elmwifoSi) gadairicxnen. saeklesio glexebis bda, rac, cxadia, araswori iyo. senatoris am
saxazino uwyebaSi gadaricxva didxans gaWi- daskvnas daeyrdno kavkasiis mTavarsardali
anurda da sabolood 1852 wels dasrulda. evgeni golovini (1837-1842). 1841 wlis martSi
ymis flobis uflebis sakiTxis mogvare- kavkasiis mTavarmmarTvelobis sabWom saqarT-
ba saqarTveloSi Zalze Zneli gamodga. 1832 veloSi batonymuri urTierTobis normebis
wlis 2 agvistos kanoniT, Tavadisa da aznau- moqmedeba SeaCera. evgeni golovinisadmi im-
ris garda, yvelas aekrZala ymis floba. vaW- perator nikolai I-is 1841 wlis 30 aprils
rebs (moqalaqeebs) oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi reskriptisa da kavkasiis mTavarmarTeblobis
ymebi unda gaeyidaT an gaeTavisuflebinaT. sabWos 1842 wlis 12 noembris brZanebis ZaliT,
1833 wlis 11 ivlisis kanoniT, Tavadi veRar unda Seqmniliyo kanonis proeqti, romelSic
flobda aznaurs. ymis mflobelobaSi garkve- aisaxeboda yma glexobisa da maTi mflo-
vam wesrigi Seitana batonymur urTierTo- belebis urTierTobis samarTlebrivi mxare.
bebSi, Tumca bevri ram kvlav mougvarebeli 1843 wels kavkasis axal mTavarsardal ale-
darCa. 1820 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTveloSi qsandr neidgardts (1842-1844) peterburgidan
batonymur urTierTobaSi Seqmnili viTare- daavales kanonis proeqtis Sedgenaze muSaoba
ba ruseTis imperiis senatma (uzenaesma sa- saidumlod darCeniliyo, raTa muSaobis pro-
samarTlom) ganixila. senatma ruseTis Sina- cesSi xalxis mRelvareba ar dawyebuliyo.
gan saqmeTa ministrs daavala gaerkvia: ris rusul kanonmdeblobaSi batonymuri
safuZvelze iZendnen saqarTveloSi momuSave urTierTobis normebi garkveviT iyo Camo-
rusi moxeleebi qarTveli erovnebis ymebs. yalibebuli. kavkasiis koloniuri adminis-
kavkasiis mTavarsardalma aleqsei ermolovma tracia qarTul batonymobas rusuli kanon-
Sinagan saqmeTa ministrisagan miRebuli sena- mdeblobis CarCoSi ver moaqcevda. rusuli
tis dadgenileba gansaxilvelad saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi mx-
uzenaes mTavrobas gadasca. 1823 wels mTav- olod sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi ixileboda,
robam ermolovs acnoba: ~saqarTveloSi Ta- samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi vaxtang VI-
vadebi da aznaurebi (dvorianstvo) qarTvele- is samarTliT (batoniSvil vaxtangis samar-
bi arian, maT sruli ufleba aqvT TavianTi TliT) wydeboda, batonymuri urTierToba ki
ymebi gayidon, daagiraon da gaaCuqon~. ru- swored samoqalaqo samarTlis sferos gane-
seTis imperiis senati aseTma ganmartebam ar kuTvneboda. praqtikuli saWiroebis gamo vax-
daakmayofila. 1826 wels, saqarTveloSi rusi tang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebuli rusu-
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lad iTargmna. rusebma verc krebulis Targm- tri yifianis gaweuli didi Sromis Sedegad.
nisas da verc misi praqtikuli gamoyenebisas dimitri yifianma batonymuri urTierTobis
ver gaarkvies, rom vaxtang VI-is samarTlis mowesrigebis safuZvlad vaxtang VI-is samar-
wignTa krebuli da vaxtang VI-is samarTali (ba- Tali, anu batoniSvil vaxtangis samarTali,
toniSvil vaxtangis samarTali) erTi da igive aiRo.
ar iyo. vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa kre- qarTuli samarTlis safuZvelze bato-
buli Sedgeba samarTlis ramdenime Zeglisa- nymuri urTierTobis mowesrigebas ruseTis
gan (samarTali mosesi, berZnuli, somxuri, saimperatoro kari da kavkasiis koloniuri
kaTalikosTa, giorgi brwyinvalis, beqasi da administracia droebiT movlenad miiCnevda.
aRbuRasi, bagrat kurapalatisa, kanonikuri). rusuli mmarTvelobis periodSi qarTulma ba-
kanonTa krebulis erT-erT nawils warmoad- tonymobam samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT bevri
gens sakuTriv vaxtang VI-is samarTali anu cvlileba ganicada
ganicada.. ruseTis imperiis senati
`samarTali
samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~.
vaxtangisa saqarT- da saxelmwifo sabWo cdilobda rusul da
veloSi arsebuli batonymuri urTierTobis qarTul batonymobas Soris gansxvaveba mini-
garkvevisas, cxadia, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba mumamde daeyvana. TandaTan mkvidrdeboda is
unda miniWeboda qaruli samarTlis Zeglebs. samarTlebrivi normebi, romlebic ruseT-
batonymuri urTierTobis normebi warmodge- Si batonymur urTierTobas aregulirebda.
nilia rogorc beqas samarTalSi, ise aRbuRas SeizRuda qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznau-
samarTalSi. XIII-XIV saukuneebdan XVIII saukunis rebis uflebebi, maT CamoarTves ymis dasjis
damdegamde batonymur urTierTobaSi bevri ufleba, Tu igi sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls
ram Seicvala. es cvlilebebi aisaxa batoniS- ar Caidenda. am SemTxvevaSi rusuli kanon-
vil vaxtangis samarTalSi
samarTalSi.. amrigad, kavkasiis mdebloba moqmedebda. aikrZala ymis umiwod
rusul administracias saxelmZRvanelod gayidva, gayidvis procesSi colisa da qmris
unda aeRo ara vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa daSoreba (cal-calke gayidva), Tavisufali
krebuli, aramed vaxtang VI-is samarTali, anu adamianis daymeveba. Tu yma saxelmwifo sam-
vaxtang batoniSvilis samarTali, rac bevr saxurSi iqneboda miRebuli an sasuliero wo-
gaugebrobas aacilebda rusebs Tavidan. vax- debaSi Cairicxeboda, ymobisagan Tavisufl-
tang VI-is samarTalSi (batoniSvil vaxtangis deboda. yma glexebs Soris warmoSobili dava
samarTalSi) batonymuri urTierTobebi regu- saxelmwifo organoebSi ganxilvis sagnad ar
lirdeboda Semdegi normebis mixedviT: kari SeiZleboda qceuliyo. batonymur urTier-
nasyidobisa (muxlebi 160-163), mebatoneTa da TobaSi Setanili cvlilebebis miuxedavad,
ymaTaTvis (muxli 133-203), batonis mokvlis, kavkasiis koloniur administracias zogierT
daWris, cemisa Tu SeginebisaTvis (muxli 258- daTmobaze mainc mouxda wasvla. Tavadis, azn-
259), ymis Tavis daxsna (muxli 260), moaxlis aurisa da ymis qonebas kvlav qarTuli samar-
TxovnisaTvis (muxli 262), boZebuli an ayrili Tali icavda. xelisufleba davaSi mxolod ma-
glexisaTvis (muxli 270). vaxtang VI-is samar- Sin ereoda, Tu Tavadi an aznauri ymis mimarT
Tlis wignTa krebulsa da vaxtang VI-is samar- qarTuli samarTlis normas daarRvevda.
Tals Soris arsebuli gansxvavebis ucodinro- XIX saukunis damdegidanve yma glexebi
bam Tu ugulvebelyofam senatori pavel gani sxvadasxva formiT gamoxatavdnen protests
kuriozul Secdomebamde miiyvana. magaliTad,
magaliTad, Tavadebisa da aznaurebis mxridan im ufle-
qarTveli azatis (gaazatebuli glexis) Sesaxeb bebis Selaxvis gamo, romelTac ymas qarTuli
pavel gani vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa kre- samarTali aniWebda. kavkasiis mTavarsardal-
bulSi Sesuli somxuri samarTlis 171-e mux- ma aleqsei ermolovma (1816-1827) yma glexTa
lis mixedviT msjelobda, qarTveli yma glex- uflebrivi mdgomareobis Seswavla daiwyo.
is yidva-gayidvis uflebis Sesaxeb _ somxuri sakiTxi Zalze rTuli mosagvarebeli gamodga,
samarTlis me-14 da 21-e muxlebis mixedviT; gaq- amitom iyo, rom ymaTa uflebrivi mdgomareo-
ceul glexTa Sesaxeb _ somxuri samarTlis 24-e bis Seswavla mefisnacval mixeil voronco-
da 25-e muxlebis mixedviT. amitom iyo, rom vis (1844-1854) drosac gagrZelda. 1826 wels
senatorma ganma saqarTveloSi arsebul bato- saqarTvelos prokurorma saqarTvelos uzen-
nymur urTierTobaSi veranairi wesrigi ver aesi mTavrobis aRmasrulebel eqspedicias
Seitana. es sakiTxi sabolood ZiriTadad 1841 acnoba, rom adgilebze (soflebSi) sxvadasxva
wels gadaiWra, magram ara ganis, aramed dimi- donis Tanamdebobis pirebi (mazris ufrosebi,
294
vaxtang guruli
policiis ufrosebi) da sxva moxeleebi maSin- miuvides da xani dayos da ar moikiTxos,

ac ki ereodnen ymisa da batonis urTierTo- xelmwifis davTarSi, visac mosulia, imis sax-
baSi, roca yma ar cdilobda ymobidan Tavis elze Wiris mqnelad daiweros, _ Zalad ve-
daxsnas da batonsa da ymas Soris urTier- Rar auyris, sanamdin meored ar aiwerebis da
Toba daZabuli ar iyo. Tanamdebobis pirebi samarTals ar iSovnis, ver waarTmevs.
da moxeleebi ereodnen gadasaxadis akrefaSi. da Tu Tavis nebiT samkuidroze wava, es
isini ugulvebelyofdnen Tavadebisa da azn- versa Seuva.
aurebis Txovnas, daxmareba gaewiaT mxolod magrame, rac amis ymobaSi mougia, naxeva-
urCi ymebis damorCilebaSi. mazris policia ri saqoneli unda mosces.
batonisa da ymis urTierTobaSi Carevas imiT Tu kidev aweraze aqav darCa da ocdaaTi
xsnida, rom undoda glexis meurneoba ga- weliwadi aqav dayo, Tavis nebiT samkuidroze
Canagebisagan exsna. qarTveli aristokratia veRar wava.
kavkasiis mTavarsardlis administraciisagan Tu wava, iman isrev unda mosces.~
iTxovda mazris ufrosebisa da policiiis ruseTis imperiis senatSi sakiTxis ganx-
TviTnebobis aRkveTas. saqarTvelos proku- ilvisas yuradReba miaqcies im faqts, rom
rorma maTi Txovna kanonierad cno, xolo ruseTSi 1787 wels dawesda gaqceuli ymis Ze-
kavkasiis samoqalaqo nawilis mTavarmmarT- bnis aTwliani vada. saqarTveloSi gaqceuli
velma ivan veliaminovma prokuroris daskvna ymis Zebnis ocdaaaTwliani vada darCa imitom,
savsebiT samarTlianad miiCnia. rom 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestis Sem-
ymebis miswrafeba Tavisuflebisaken ar deg samoqalaqo saqmeebi ara rusuli kanon-
neldeboda. 1831 wels saqarTvelos uzen- mdeblobiT, aramed qarTuli samarTlis (ba-
aesi mTavrobis aRmasrulebelma eqspediciam toniSvil vaxtangis samarTliT) wydeboda,
Suamdgomloba aRZra kavkasiis mTavarmarTe- batonymuri urTierToba ki swored samoqa-
blobis winaSe. eqspediciis azriT, ymobidan laqo samarTals ganekuTvneboda. 1815 wels
gaTavisuflebis is wesi, romelic impera- ruseTSi gauqmda gaqceuli ymis Zebnis aT-
torma nikolai I-ma 1827 wlis 2 aprils daamt- wliani vada. Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSic unda
kica, saqarTvelozec unda gavrcelebuliyo. gauqmebuliyo gaqceuli ymis Zebnis ocdaaT-
sakiTxis am gziT gadaWris winaaRmdeg gamov- wliani vada. am sakiTxis ganxilvisas senatma
ida ruseTis imperiis prokurori, aman saqme miiRo Semdegi dadgenileba: ymas, romlis
gaaWianura. ruseTis imperiis senatma 1835 flobis kanonieri sabuTi mebatones ar hqon-
wlis 27 martis dadgenilebiT kavkasiis mTa- da, SeeZlo Tavisufleba moeTxova da mieRo.
varsardal grigori rozens (1831-1837) daav- am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar unda miqceoda
ala Tavisi azri gamoeTqva sakiTxze: vrcel- gaqceuli da Zebnili ymis ukan dasabruneblad
deboda Tu ara qarTuli samarTliT dadgenili dadgenil aranair vadas da arc imas, kameral-
gaqceuli ymis Zebnis ocdaaTwliani vada im yme- uri aRweriT glexi ekuTvnoda Tu ara meba-
bze, romlebic Tavisuflebas eZiebdnen. Ggrig- tones; glexi, romelic bolo kameraluri aR-
ori rozeni xelisuflebis winaSe Sevida Sua- weriT ekuTvnoda mebatones da misi mamac 1809
mdgomlobiT: yvela glexi unda darCeniliyo wlis 7 agvistomde mebatonis sakuTrebas war-
im uwyebis mflobelobaSi, romelsac ekuT- moadgenda, kargavda Tavisuflebis mopovebis
vnoda bolo kameraluri aRweris droisaTvis; uflebas, Tu am glexis gardacvlili mama an
glexi, romelsac Tavisufleba mopovebuli papa ar iTxovdnen ymobisagan gaTavisuflebas;
hqonda sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, unda senatis dadgenilebamde Tu gaqceuli da Ze-
darCeniliyo Tavisufal glexad; glexi, ro- bnili ymis mimarT amoqmedda batoniSvil vax-
melic aRuricxavi darCa kameraluri aRweris tangis samarTlis 199-e muxli (Zebnis ocdaaT-
dros, samudamod unda gadascemoda saxazino wliani vada), ganaCeni aRar gadaisinjeboda da
uwyebas. grigori rozens gansakuTrebuli mo- ZalaSi rCeboda; kameraluri aRweris dros
sazreba hqonda gaqceul da Zebnil glexTa siaSi gamorCenili glexis mflobelis vinaoba
Sesaxeb. kavkasiis mTavarsardali miiCnevda, da misTvis Tavisuflebis miniWeba-arminiWebis
rom am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxi batoniSvil vax- sakiTxi unda gadawyvetiliyo rusuli kanon-
tangis samarTlis 199-e muxlis mixedviT unda mdeblobis mixedviT. ruseTis imperiis sena-
gadawyvetiliyo. es muxli gvauwyebda: tis dadgenileba moiwona saxelmwifo sabWom
`Tu amav sabatonoSi erTisa meores yma da 1836 wlis 28 seqtembers daamtkica impera-
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torma nikolai I-ma. SeeswavlaT sakiTxi, Tu ratom ar srul-

axali kanonis miRebis Semdeg saqarT- deboda xelisuflebis mier mowonebuli is
veloSi kidev ufro gaizarda Tavisuflebis RonisZiebebi, romlebic Tavisuflebisaken
maZiebeli glexebis raodenoba. 1842 wels glexTa masobriv ltolvas SeaCerebda. ka-
saqarTveloSi mogzaurobda ruseTis impe- vkasiis samefisnacvlos mTavarmarTvelobis
riis samxedro ministri aleqsandr CerniSevi. ufrosma generalma piotr ladinskim mefis-
qarTvelma Tavadebma da aznaurebma minis- nacvals moaxsena: rusuli mmarTveloba saqa-
trs miarTves Txovna, romelSic aRniSnuli rTveloSi 45 wlis win amoqmedda, am xnis gan-
iyo: 1836 wlis kanonis amoqmedebis Semdeg mavlobaSi glexs, Tu mas ukanonod flobda
gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda glexTa ltolva mebatone, samarTali unda epova. garda amisa,
Tavisuflebis mopovebisaken; Tavisuflebas generali ladinski aRniSnavda, rom 1801 wlis
eZiebdnen ukve ara calkeuli glexebi, ar- 12 seqtembris manifestiT imperatori ale-
amed mTeli soflebi; damamtkicebeli sabuTis qsandr I qonebis xelSeuxeblobas dahpirda
ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi glexebi erTmeneTs qarTvel Tavadebsa da aznaurebs. generlis
emowmebodnen; sasamarTlo saqmis warmoebis azriT, 1846 wlis damdegidan saerTod unda
baJs mebatoneebs akisrebda; sasamarTlo ganx- Sewyvetiliyo im saqmeebis warmoeba, romle-
ilva didxans grZeldeboda, ris gamoc glexebic yma glexisaTvis Tavisuflebis miniWebas
bi muSaobas scdebodnen. qarTveli Tavadebi exeboda. gamonaklisi unda daSvebuliyo mx-
da aznaurebi samxedro ministrs sTxovdnen, olod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu 1842 wels Catare-
rom maTTvis udavo sakuTrebaSi daemtkicebi- buli kameraluri aRweris siebis reviziisas
naT is glexebi, romlebic maT bolo kameral- dadginda, rom yma glexi mebatones an rome-
uri aRweris mixedviT ekuTvnodaT. im glexTa lime uwyebas ekuTvnoda. garda amisa, glex-
saqme, romlebic kameraluri aRweris mixed- is moTxovniT saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi
viT mebatones ekuTvnodnen, magram eZiebdnen daiwyeboda, Tu policia glexis mier ward-
Tavisuflebas, gansaxilvelad unda gadas- genil sabuTs sandod miiCnevda. 1846 wlis 1
cemoda pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. ianvramde sasamarTloebSi dawyebuli saqmee-
im glexebs, romlebmac kameraluri aRweris bis ganxilva unda gagrZelebuliyo. mixail
dros Tavi Tavisuflebis maZieblebs miakuT- voroncovma moiwona ladinskis winadadeba da
vnes, erTi wlis vadaSi unda aReZraT saqme aRZra Suamdgomloba misi damtkicebis Taoba-
Semdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi. ze. mefisnacvlis Suamdgomloba peterburg-
samxedro ministr aleqsandr CerniSe- Si kavkasiis komitetma ganixila. komitetis
visadmi qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis wevrma pavel kiselioevma aRniSna, rom erTi
mier mirTmeuli Txovna daskvnisaTvis gadae- klasis interesebis dacvisa da meore klasis
ca kavkasiis mTavarsardal evgeni golovins.
golovins. interesebis SezRudvis mizniT ruseTis impe-
mTavarmarTebelma mxari dauWira mebatoneTa riis kanonis moqmedebis SeCereba kavkasiaSi
moTxovnas. saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis dros dauSvebeli iyo. kavkasiis komitetma mixeil
aleqsanrd CerniSevic darwmunda TxovnaSi voroncovis Suamdgomloba ar daakmayofila.
Camoyalibebuli mosazrebebis samarTliano- Tavisuflebis maZiebeli yma glexebis ra-
baSi. ministrma mTavarmarTebels daavala odenoba marTlac bevrad iyo damokidebuli
policiis ZalebiT daecva mebatoneTa intere- moqmed kanonmdeblobaze. saqarTvelo-imere-
sebi da ar daeSva glexobis waqezeba Tavisu- Tis guberniaSi (es gubernia 1840 wels Seiqmna
flebis Ziebisaken. aleqsandr CerniSevis pe- da arsebobda Tbilisisa da quTaisis guber-
terburgSi dabrunebis Semdeg kavkasiis axal- niebis Seqmnamde) 1843 wels Tavisuflebis
ma mTavarmarTebelma aleqsandr neidgardtma maZiebeli 63 yma glexi iyo aRricxuli, 1844
gamosca brZaneba samxedro ministris mier mo- wels _ 27. 1843 wels mogilievis guberniaSi
wonebuli RonisZiebebis cxovrebaSi gatarebis Tavisuflebas 59 yma glexi eZiebda, kurskis
Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, kanonierad ar cnes guberniaSi _ 63, tambovis guberniaSi _ 72,
qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznaurebis Txovna, kostromis guberniaSi _ 91, kovnos guberni-
glexis mflobelis dasadgenad dayrdnobod- aSi _ 135. 1843 wels mTel ruseTis imperiaSi
nen kameraluri aRweris monacemebs. mflobelisadmi (mebatonisadmi, saxazino da
1844 wels kavkasiis mefisnacvlad dan- saeklesio uwyebisadmi) daumorCileblobis
iSnulma mixail voroncovma brZaneba gasca gamo 985 glexi gaasamarTles, xolo saqarT-
296
vaxtang guruli
velo-imereTis guberniaSi _ 5, romelTagan 4 patronad Tvlida.

glexis mimarT gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni iqna karl knorringi anton II-s sTxovda epa-
gamotanili. suxa Semdeg kiTxvebze:
kavkasiis komitetis uaryofiTi daskv- 1. ramdeni eparqia iyo qarTl-kaxeTis
nis Semdeg mixail voroncovma Tavisi Suamd- samefoSi, vin iyvnen eparqiis mmarTveli ier-
gomloba kavkasiis samefisnacvlos mTavarm- arqebi, romel sasuliero xelisufals emor-
marTvelobis sabWos daubruna. sabWoSi aRin- Cilebodnen isini da rogor damokidebule-
iSna: yma glexebis mier Tavisuflebis Ziebis baSi iyvnen samefo xelisuflebasTan?
sakiTxi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli mebatonisa 2. ramdeni mamaTa da dedaTa monasteri,
da ymis urTierTobis samarTlebriv daregu- sakaTedro taZari da samrevlo eklesia iyo
lirebasTan. TiToeul eparqiaSi, ramdeni RvTismsaxuri
mixail voroncovis mier dawyebuli saqme iyo eparqiaSi da saidan iRebdnen isini sar-
gaagrZela 1856 wels kavkasiis mefisnacvlad Cos?
daniSnulma aleqsandr bariatinskim (1856- 3. rogor ganagebdnen monastrebsa da
1862). es is dro iyo, rodesac ruseTSi ba- eklesiebs saeklesio ierarqebi; arsebobda Tu
tonymobis gauqmebisaTvis mzadeba iwyeboda. ara eparqiebSi raime organo: dikasteria, sa-
suliero mmarTveloba da sxv. rogori iyo am
organoebis Semadgenloba; kancelariis mox-
eleebi sasuliero pirebi iyvnen Tu saeroni,
§2. saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadide- saidan iRebdnen isini sarCos?
beli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba (1809- 4. sasuliero pirebis monawileobiT
1814 ww.) samoqalaqo saqmeebi sad ixileboda, saekle-
sio Tu saero sasamarTloSi?
qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebis 5. rogor xdeboda sasuliero wodebis
gauqmebis Semdeg, ruseTis imperiis koloniu- miniWeba, sasuliero pirs irCevda mrevli, Tu
ri politikis gadaudebel amocanad rCeboda mas sasuliero xelisufali niSnavda?
saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli 6. arsebobda Tu ara eparqiebSi sasuli-
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba. ruseTis ero saswavleblebi, ras aswavlidnen am saswav-
saimperatoro kari kargad xvdeboda, rom leblebSi da vis xarjze arsebobdnen isini?
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba advili saqme 7. zemoxsenebulis garda, qarTveli sam-
ar iyo da misi xelis erTi dakvriT gadaWra Rvdeloebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaT-
ar SeiZleboda. vis kidev raimes garkveva xom ar iyo aucile-
1. mcxeTis sapatriarqos gauqmebis momza- beli?
deba (1801-1809 ww.) 1801 wlis 18 ianvars pe- anton II pasuxs agvianebda. kaTolikos-pa-
terburgSi gamoqveynda imperator pavel I-is triarqi grZnobda, rom peterburgSi sruli-
mier 1800 wlis 18 dekembers xelmowerili ad garkveuli mizniT dainteresdnen eklesiis
manifesti qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebisa mdgomareobiT. pavel I-is 1801 wlis 18 ian-
da misi ruseTTan SeerTebis Taobaze. mani- vris manifesti georgievskis traqtatis (1783
festSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom qarTl-kaxeTis w.) uxeSi darRvevis mauwyebeli iyo. pavel I-ma
samefo samudamod uerTdeboda ruseTis impe- fexqveS gaTela qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis
rias. manifestSi araferi iyo naTqvami kaTo- ufleba, arad GCaagdo winamorbedi imperato-
likos-patriarqsa da eklesiaze. ris, dedis, ekaterine II-is mier ratificire-
manifestis gamoqveynebidan erTi Tvis buli traqtati. yovelive es anton II-s safuZ-
Semdeg general-leitenantma karl knoringma, vels aZlevda efiqra: ruseTis saimperatoro
imperator pavel I-is nebis Tanaxmad, werili kari verc kaTolikos-patriarqis xelisufle-
gaugzavna kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s. bas moiTmenda da verc mcxeTis uZveles sapa-
1801 wlis TebervlisaTvis knorringi Tanam- triarqo taxts da uZvelesi samociqulo ekle-
debobrivad qarTl-kaxeTTan aranairad ar siis avtokefaliasac gaauqmebda. Zalze saeWvo
iyo dakavSirebuli. igi qarTl-kaxeTis gen- iyo ruseTis saimperatoro karis daintere-
eral-gubernatorad mxolod 1801 wlis 11 seba iseTi sakiTxebiT, romlebic mxolod an-
marts dainiSna. miuxedavad amisa, rusi gener- ton II-is iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. qarTveli
ali Tavs gauqmebuli qarTl-kaxeTis samefos, samRvdeloebis bedze zrunviT rom ruseTi
aw ukve ruseTis imperiis guberniis, baton-
297
kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II
raRac avismomaswaveblis SeniRbvas cdilobda, iZulebuli gaxda, pasuxi gaeca rusi gener-
es eWvs ar iwvevda. lis kiTxvebze. anton II-is mier gagzavnili
kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II bolos werilis dedani jerjerobiT mikvleuli ar
298
vaxtang guruli
aris. Cvenamde moRweuli werilis rusul „Тирский“. kaxeTSi mamaTa monastrebi iyo: „„Да-
„Тирский“. Да-
Targmans TariRi ar uzis. dadgenili ar aris, вид Гареджский“,
Гареджский“, „Предтеченский“, „Средигорный
Tu ramden xans daagviana anton II-m sapasuxo (Шуамтинский)“, „Бочормский“, „Святаго Саввы“,
werilis gagzavna, magram, unda vivaraudoT, „Хирсский“, „Спаса“, „Предтеченский
„Предтеченский“.
“. monastrebs
rom 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestis Sem- ganagebdnen arqimandritebi. dedaTa monas-
deg pasuxs didxans veRar daayovnebda. yovel trebi qarTlsa da kaxeTSi aRar arsebobda;
SemTxvevaSi, 1801 wlis oqtombrisaTvis anton 4. mRvdelmTavrebi (mitropolitebi,
II-is pasuxi peterburgSi ukve miRebuli unda mTavarepiskoposebi, episkoposebi), monastre-
hqonodaT. bi da arqimandritebi sarCos iReben saekle-
kaTolikos-patriarqis werili kvali- sio glexebis mier gaRebuli gadasaxadidan
ficiuradaa Sedgenili. anton II, cxadia, da saeklesio mamulebidan rangis Sesabamisad.
grZnobda, rom ruseTis saimperatoro kari samrevlo eklesiebis RvTismsaxurebi sarCos
uZvelesi samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis iReben mrevlidan da piradi SromiT;
gauqmebas apirebda. amitom iyo, rom werili 5. eklesiaSi Tanamdebobebs ikaveben mem-
Semdegnairad iwyeboda: `berZenTa mefis kon- kvidreobiT, piradi RirsebiT da arCeviT;
stantine didis dros saqarTveloSi movida 6. qarTl-kaxeTSi dikasteria an sxva
wmida nino, romelmac uflis SewevniT daamxo raime organo, sapatriarqo saxlis garda, ar
warmarToba da marTlmadideblobaze moaq- arsebobda. eparqiebs ganagebdnen piradad
cia mefe miriani da qarTveli xalxi~. an- mRvdelmTavrebi (mitropolitebi, mTavar-
ton II aRniSnavda, rom mefe mirianis Txovnis episkoposebi, episkoposebi) samRvdeloebas-
safuZvelze imperatorma konstantine didma Tan erTad, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi mimar-
saqarTveloSi gamogzavna antioqiis patri- Tavdnen sapatriarqos;
arqi evstaTi, romelmac monaTla mefe da qa- 7. qarTlisa da kaxeTis yvela eparqiaSi
rTveli xalxi, akurTxa eklesia. kaTolikos- samRvdeloebis Svilebs aswavlian wera-kiTx-
patriarqi werilSi sagangebod usvamda xazs vas TavianTi ojaxebis xarjze. mefe erekle
imas, rom mefe vaxtang gorgasalma mcxeTaSi II-is dros Tbilissa da TelavSi arsebobda
cxovelmyofeli svetis adgilze aago ekle- seminariebi, sadac aswavlidnen gramatikas,
sia, daniSna kaTolikos-patriarqi, romelic ritorikas, filosofias, RvTismetyvelebas.
iwodeboda ùwmidesad~. anton II werda, rom seminariebs inaxavda mefe.
bizantiis imperatorebi da msoflio saekle- anton II-is werilisa da, cxadia, sxva in-
sio krebebi cnobdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis formaciis miRebis Semdeg peterburgSi Seud-
`TviTmwyemsobas~ da sapatriarqo Rirsebas. geniaT dokumenti saTauriT: `saqarTvelos
am Sesavlis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqi sapatriarqos piradi Semadgenloba~. doku-
pasuxobs knorringis mier dasmul kiTxvebs: menti Semdegi Sinaarsisaa:
1. qarTlSi saeklesio ierarqebi iyvnen 1. qarTl-kaxeTis eklesias ganagebs
_ mitropolitebi: Tbileli, samTavroeli, kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetare-
ruiseli, wilkneli; mTavarepiskoposi: man- si, mefe erekle II-is Ze anton II;
gleli; episkoposebi: urbneli, samTavneli, 2. sapatriarqo kaTedra mcxeTaSia. taZ-
niqozeli. kaxeTSi _ mitropolitebi: ala- ari aSenebulia saswaulmoqmedi svetis adgi-
verdeli (eparqias piradad anton II ganagebda), las;
bodbeli, ninowmindeli; mTavarepiskoposi: 3. qarTlSi kaTolikos-patriarqs ekuTv-
rusTveli; episkoposebi: nekreseli, xarWaS- nis 88 sofeli, kaxeTSi _ 58. qarTlSi 6 mon-
neli; asteria, kaxeTSi _ 5. kaTolikos-patriarqis
2. eparqiebis mmarTveli ierarqebi gamor- gamgeblobaSia: kaxeTSi _ alaverdis eklesia,
Ceuli da daniSnuli iyvnen mefisa da kaTo- qarTlSi _ samTavros eparqia;
likos-patriarqis mier; 4. qarTlSi saeklesio ierarqebi arian: a)
3. qarTlSi mamaTa Semdegi monastrebi Tbileli mitropoliti arseni arseni,, romlis sam-
iyo (monastrebis saxelwodebas moviyvanT ise, wysoSi, garda Tbilisisa, Sedis 18 sofeli.
„Пещерский“,
rogorc àqtebSia~ dabeWdili): „Пещерский“, samwysos teritoriaze mamulebi aqvs 3 Ta-
„Похвалы Божией Матери“, „Икортский“, „Ананур- vadsa da 4 aznaurs; b) ruiseli mitropoliti
ский“, „Креста“, „Пустынный Мгвимский“, „Ларг- iustine,, romlis samwysoSi Sedis 46 sofeli
iustine
висский“, „Хобский“, „Улумбский“,„Гетсиманий“, 21 TavadiTa da 95 aznauriT; g) wilkneli
299
mitropoliti ioane
ioane,, romlis samwysoSi Sedis bas da cicianovis Tanxmobis gareSe wilknis
46 sofeli, aseve moxeveebi, mTiulebi, gu- eparqiis mmarTvel ierarqad arqimandriti
damayrelebi, xandosxevelebi, WarTlelebi. dosiTeozi daadgina. cxadia, arqimandriti
samwysos teritoriaze 14 aznauri saxlobs; d) eparqiis mmarTvelad mxolod droebiT Sei-
urbneli mitropoliti iuliusi
iuliusi,, romlis sam- Zleboda yofiliyo, maleve unda momxdariyo
wysoSi Sedis 20 sofeli 5 TavadiTa da 8 azn- dosiTeozis episkoposad xeldasxma. anton
auriT; e) samTavneli episkoposi gervasi
gervasi,, rom- II-is gadawyvetilebam Zalze aRaSfoTa cicia-
lis samwysoSi Sedis 17 sofeli 1 TavadiTa da novi. 1803 wlis 2 aprils generalma werili
8 aznauriT; v) niqozeli episkoposi aTanase
aTanase,, gaugzavna kaTolikos-patriarqs. marTalia,
romlis samwysoSi Sedis 8 sofeli; cicianovi TiTqos pativiscemas adasturebda
5. kaxeTSi saeklesio ierarqebi arian: a) misi uwmidesobis mimarT, magram amave dros
bodbeli mitropoliti ioane ioane,, romlis sam- aRSfoTebas ver malavda imis gamo, rom an-
wysoSi Sedis 31 sofeli 28 TavadiT; b) ninow- ton II-m masTan SeuTanxmeblad arqimandriti
mindeli mitropoliti mixeili
mixeili,, romlis samwy- dosiTeozi wilknis eparqiis mmarTvelad
oSi Sedis 30 sofeli 1 TavadiT; g) rusTveli daadgina. cicianovs isic ki gamouZiebia, Tu
mTavarepiskoposi stefane
stefane,, romlis samwyoSi visTan imyofeboda dosiTeozi naTesaur kav-
Sedis 8 sofeli 1 TavadiT; d) nekreseli mit- SirSi. aRSfoTebuli generali kaTolikos-pa-
ropoliti ambrosi
ambrosi,, romlis samwyoSi Sedis 14 triarqs Seaxsenebda, rom ruseTis imperato-
sofeli 5 TavadiT. ris nebarTvis gareSe mas ar hqonda axali meu-
1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestSi fis xeldasxmis ufleba. es imas niSnavda, rom
araferi iyo naTqvami kaTolikos-patriarqis, kaTolikos-patriarqs ukrZalavdnen episkop-
sapatriarqosa da eklesiis Taobaze. manifes- osad, mTavarepiskoposad da mitropolitad
ti iTvaliswinebda qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleo- xeldasxmas. da bolos, cicianovi anton II-s
bis daficebas ruseTis imperatoris erT- avalebda: imperatoris nebis Tanaxmad, wilk-
gulebaze. qarTveli samRvdeloeba swored nis eparqia gaauqme da samTavisis eparqias
am konteqstSia moxseniebuli: `samRvdelo- SeuerTeo. gaerTianebuli eparqiis mmarTvel
Ta, viTarca mwyemsTa sulisaTana, pirvelad episkoposad meufe gervasi unda darCeniliyo.
SvenisT micema magaliTisa~. anton II mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda
1802 wels saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad episkoposad, mTavarepiskoposad da mitro-
daniSnuli pavel cicianovi TbilisSi 1803 politad xeldasxmis akrZalvis gamo. ep-
wlis 1 Tebervals Camovida. igi yovelnai- arqiis mmarTveli ierarqis gardacvalebis
rad cdilobda kaTolikos-patriarq anton SemTxvevaSi, eparqia avtomaturad uqmde-
II-is SezRudvas. saqarTvelos mTavarsarda- boda (uerTdeboda sxva eparqias). 1803 wlis
li kaTolikos-patriarqTan urTierTobisas aprilSi ninowmindelma mitropolitma mix-
yovelTvis cdilobda etiketi ar daerRvia, eilma avadmyofobis (mxedvelobis daqveiT-
Tumca anton II-is samarTlian moTxovnebs iS- ebis) gamo gadadgoma iTxova. eparqiis axali
viaTad uwevda angariSs. saerTod, cicianovi mmarTveli ierarqis dadgena (episkoposad
Tvlida, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqme- xeldasxma) anton II-s akrZaluli hqonda. 1803
bamde kaTolikos-patriarqi eklesias mefes- wlis 26 aprils kaTolikos-patriarqma rusT-
Tan erTad ganagebda, mefes eTaTbireboda da vel mTavarepiskopos stefanes acnoba, rom
radgan samefo xelisufleba ukve gauqmebuli rusTavis eparqias uerTdeboda ninowmindis
iyo, kaTalikos-patriarqs gadawyvetilebebi eparqia.. amieridan gaerTianebuli eparqiebis
eparqia
saqarTvelos mTavarsadalTan, e.i. pavel cici- mmarTveli ierarqi stefane iwodeboda ase:
anovTan, SeTanxmebiT unda mieRo. `mitropoliti ninowmindisa da mTavarepis-
ruseTis saimperatoro karis miTiTebis koposi rusTavisa~.
Tanaxmad, pavel cicianovi Seudga qarTlsa pavel cicianovi uxeSad ereoda sapatri-
da kaxeTSi eparqiebis Semcirebas. dasawyisSi arqos finansur saqmeebSi. 1804 wlis 18 Teber-
mimdinareobda eparqiebis gaerTianeba. cici- vals generalma weriliT mimarTa kaTolikos-
anovma gadawyvita wilknis eparqia gaeuqmebi- patriarq anton II-s. werilSi aRniSnulia, rom
na, ufro zustad, wilknisa da samTavisis ep- sanTlis gayidvis Sedegad ruseTis eklesia
arqiebi gaeerTianebina. kaTolikos-patriarqi mniSvnelovan Semosavals iRebda. amieridan
anton II win aRudga ori eparqiis gaerTiane- qarTlisa da kaxeTis eparqiebSi sanTlis
300
vaxtang guruli
gayidviT miRebuli Tanxa unda moxmareboda tonis) uflebas, ar ekiTxebian, Tanaxmaa Tu ara
eklesiebs (taZrebs) da ara samRvdeloebas. igi, yma glexi gadavides sasuliero wodebaSi.
cicianovis gadawyvetileba, romelic, peter- cicianovis azriT, aseTi mdgomareoba qmnida
burgidan miRebuli direqtivis gamoZaxili imis safrTxes, rom saqarTvelos erTi nawili
iyo, SemTxveviTi ar yofila. XIX saukunis dam- iqceoda berul samyarod, xolo meore nawili
degisaTvis qarTlisa da kaxeTis eklesiebisa _ TeTri samRvdeloebisa. generali TeTri
da monastrebis umravlesoba dauyovnebliv da Savi samRvdeloebis gamravlebaSi xedavda
restavracias saWiroebda. saeklesio xazinas ara adamianebis eklesiis wiaRisaken sulier
saWiro saxsrebis gaReba ar surda. amitom swrafvas, aramed sasuliero wodebaSi gadas-
gadawyda, restavraciisaTvis aucilebeli vliT mxolod gadasaxadebisagan gaTavisu-
Tanxa TviT eklesiebs moeZiebinaT. Tu sanT- flebis miswrafebas. cicianovi TeTri da Savi
lis gayidvis Sedegad miRebuli Tanxa sam- samRvdeloebis gamravlebaSi sxva safrTxesac
Rvdeloebas ar moxmardeboda da restavraci- xedavda. generali yuradRebas amaxvilebda
isaTvis gadaideboda, xazinas garkveuli Se- imaze, rom eklesiebi da monastrebi ekonomi-
RavaTi miecemoda. samagierod, mniSvnelovnad urad cudad iyvnen uzrunvelyofilni, mate-
mcirdeboda samRvdeloebis Semosavali. ise- rialuri TvalsazrisiT arasaxarbielo mdgo-
dac mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi qarTveli sam- mareobaSi imyofeboda samRvdeloeba. aseT vi-
RvdeloebisaTvis es didi dartyma iyo. TarebaSi samRvdeloebis ricxvis zrda kidev
ruseTis saimperatoro kari qarTl-kax- ufro gaauaresebda mdgomareobas. cicianovs
eTis samefos gauqmebisa da rusuli mmarT- aseTi magaliTi mohyavda: erT-erT eklesias
velobis damyarebisTanave Seudga rogorc Zalze mcire Semosavali hqonda da amave dros
samoqalaqo, ise saeklesio uwyebaSi Semo- eklesiis StatSi 14 mRvdeli iricxebodao.
savlebis aRricxvas gadasaxadebis dawesebis pavel cicianovis damokidebuleba kaTo-
mizniT. kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II cdi- likos-patriarqisa da, saerTod, qarTveli
lobda saeklesio Semosavlebis dacvas. amiT samRvdeloebisadmi kargad GCans misi weri-
aRSfoTebuli saqarTvelos mTavarsardali lidan anton II-dmi, romelic 1804 wlis 25
pavel cicianovi 1804 wlis 23 marts umaRles martiT aris daTariRebuli. 1804 wlis 18
xelisuflebas moaxsenebda: saqarTveloSi marts anton II-s TxovniT miumarTavs cicia-
Camosvlis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqs sam- novisaTvis saeklesio galobis maswavleblis
jer gavugzavne formebi, romelTa mixed- arqimandrit gerasimes da misi ZmisaTvis xel-
viTac unda Caetarebina saeklesio qonebis fasis daniSvnis Taobaze. arqimandriti gera-
aRwera, magram saWiro cnobebis miRebas ver sime Tavis droze mefe erekle II-s gamouwvevia
mivaRwieo. cicianovma 1804 wlis 23 marts imereTidan da xelfassac mefe uxdida. cici-
imperatorisaTvis gagzavnil moxsenebas Tan anovma uari Tqva anton II-is Txovnis dakmayo-
daurTo imave ricxviT daTariRebuli weri- filebaze. generlis werilidan yuradRebas
lis asli, romelic man kaTolikos-patriar- imsaxurebs erTi adgili. xelfasis daniSvnaze
qs gauzavna. cicianovi anton II-s werda: rva uaris Tqmas cicianovi imiTac asabuTebda,
Tvis ganmavlobaSi ver mivaRwie saeklesio saeklesio galobis maswavleblis moRvaweobas
qonebis aRweras, Tumca aRwerisaTvis saWiro saTanado Sedegi ar mohyoliao. igi pirdapir
formebi gamogigzavneTo. Semdeg generali acxadebda: eklesiebSi galobis nacvlad Txebis
TvalTmaqcobda da kaTolikos-patriarqs ase kikini ismiso. iqve generali anton II-s rCevas
mimarTavda: saeklesio qonebis aRweris day- aZlevda: qarTuli saeklesio galoba rusuliT
ovnebis gamo ar mindoda Tavs dagtydomodaT SecvaleTo.. saeklesio msaxurebaSi aseTi bar-
SecvaleTo
imperatoris risxva, amitomac aqamde Tavs vi- barosuli Careva, iseve, rogorc RvTismsax-
kavebdi da imperatorisaTvis saqmis viTareba urebis rusul enaze warmarTva, saqarTvelo-
ar momixsenebiao. pavel cicianovi anton II-s Si ruseTis saeklesio politikis umTavres
sayvedurobda: mTavarepiskoposebi da episkop- mimarTulebas warmoadgenda. am politikis
osebi yovelgvari wesis da rigis dacvis gareSe gatareba saqarTveloSi cicianovma daiwyo.
axdenen mRvdlad xeldasxmas, xolo arqiman- pavel cicianovis 1804 wlis 23 martis
dritebi _ berad aRkvecas; yuradReba ar eqceva werilis miRebis Semdeg muxranSi myofma
mRvdlad xeldasxmulis an berad aRkvecilis kaTolikos-patriarqma 1804 wlis 6 aprils we-
asaks da wodebas; arad agdeben memamulis (meba- riliTve upasuxa generals. anton II cicianovs
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acnobebda, rom saeklesio qonebis aRwerisaT- kaxeTis eklesiebSi SemoeRoT is sakiTxavebi,

vis specialuri formebi man ramdenime Tvis romlebic ruseTis eklesiebSi ikiTxeboda.
win daugzavna eparqiebis mmarTvel ierar- es sakiTxavebi rusul enaze iyo dabeWdili.
qebs. amasTan erTad, kaTolikos-patriarqi cxadia, 1804 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos ekle-
werda, rom man eparqiis mmarTvel ierarqebs siebSi rusul enaze kiTxvas azri ar hqonda
aukrZala rogorc vinmes berad aRkveca, ise _ qarTvel mrevls rusuli ar esmoda. 1804
mRvdlad xeldasxma. saWiro dokumentaciebis wlis 25 aprils cicianovma ruseTis eklesiis
ararsebobis gamo ar dgindeba, tardeboda Tu uwmidesi sinodis ober-prokuror aleqsandr
ara es akrZalva cxovrebaSi. anton II-is 1804 golicins weriliT mimarTa. generali ober-
wlis 6 aprilis werili cxadad adasturebs, prokurors sTxovda, uwmidesi sinodis qa-
rom kaTolikos-patriarqi iZulebuli gaxda rTvel wevrs, qsnis erisTavTa STamomavals,
cicianovis moTxovnisaTvis, Tu faqtobrivad arqiepiskopos varlams qarTulad eTargmna
ara, formalurad mainc angariSi gaewia. Tum- eklesiaSi sakiTxavebi: 1. didi saeklesio dRe-
ca generali aman sulac ar daakmayofila da saswaulebis tabeli; 2. eklesiebSi ruseTis
kvlav ganagrZo kaTolikos-patriarqis Sevi- imperatoris sagvareulos moxseniebis forma;
wroeba. 3. samadlobeli locvebi; 4. locvebi ruse-
1804 wlis martSi gardaicvala ioane Tis imperatoris taxtze asvlisa da korona-
naTlismcemlis monastris winamZRvari arqi- ciis dRes; 5. gardacvlili imperatorisaTvis
mandriti eqvTime
eqvTime.. anton II-m ninowmindisa da panaSvidis gadaxdisas sakiTxavebi. Targmnili
rusTavis eparqiis mmarTvelis mTavarepis- literatura peterburgSi unda dabeWdiliyo
kopos stefanes wardginebiT monastris wi- qarTul enaze, TiToeuli aranakleb 200 eg-
namZRvrad daadgina arqimandriti domenti
domenti.. zemplarisa.
Seityo Tu ara momxdari, 1804 wlis 10 aprils pavel cicianovi periodulad gaweuli
cicianovma anton II-s saprotesto werili muSaobis Taobaze angariSs udgenda impera-
gaugzavna. generali werda: niqozis epar- tors. erT-erTi aseTi angariSi dawerilia
qiis mmarTvelma episkoposma aTanasem asakis 1804 wlis 29 maiss. generali umaRles xelisu-
gamo gadadgoma iTxova. amasTan erTad, meufe flebas moaxsenebda Semdegs: 1. wilknis epar-
stefanem iTxova, Tu SesaZlebeli iqneboda, qia gauqmda da SeuerTda samTavisis eparqias;
misi ioane naTlismcemlis monastris winamZ- 2. wilknis eparqiis mmarTveli episkoposi
Rvarad dadgena da Tu es ver moxerxdeboda, asakis gamo gadadga da ioane naTlismcemlis
imave monasterSi cxovrebis ufleba da wliur monasterSi cxovrobs, romelsac kaTolikos-
sarCod 120 maneTis daniSvna. amis Semdeg ci- patriarqma, Cemi Txovnis miuxedavad, wliur
cianovi anton II-s avalebda: 1. mis mier ioane sarCod 120 maneTis nacvlad daeniSna 60 ma-
naTlismcemlis monastris winamZRvrad dad- neTi, danarCen 60 maneTs igi saqarTvelos
genili arqimandriti domenti gadaeyenebina, Semosavlebidan (xazinidan) iRebs; 3. mmarTve-
monastris winamZRvrad daedgina meufe ste- li episkoposebis nebayoflobiTi gadadgoma
fane da daeniSna misTvis sarCo 120 maneTi; wi- eparqiebis Semcirebis saukeTeso formaa. am
namZRvris moadgiled daedgina arqimandriti gziT qarTlSi 6 eparqiidan 3 ukve gauqmebu-
domenti; 2. wilknis eparqia SeeerTebina sam- lia; 4. eparqiebis erTbaSad gauqmeba saxifa-
Tavisis eparqiisaTvis. amasTan erTad, gen- Toa.
erali kaTolikos-patriarqs werda: Tu raime pavel cicianovis 1804 wlis 29 maisiT
mizeziT is ar isurvebda meufe stefanes mon- daTariRebul angariSs peterburgSi gamoex-
astris winamZRvrad dadgenas, maSin ecnobebi- maurnen. 1804 wlis 9 seqtembers imperator
na aseTi gadawyvetilebis mizezi, raTa Tavis aleqsandr I-is favoritma, faruli komitetis
mxriv cicianovs anton II-is gadawyvetilebis wevrma, ruseTis imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa min-
Taobaze saqmis kursSi Caeyenebina ruseTis im- istrma viqtor koCubeim cicianovs werilo-
peratori. biT acnoba Semdegi: 1. mowonebas imsaxurebda
qarTlisa da kaxeTis eklesiebSi eparqiebis gauqmeba; 2. eparqiebis ricxvis Sem-
RvTismsaxurebis qarTuli enis nacvlad cireba kvlavac unda gagrZelebuliyo; 3. ep-
rusul enaze aRvlenis mizniT pavel cici- arqiebi unda gauqmebuliyo umtkivneulod; 4.
anovma ramdenime RonisZieba gaatara. ci- ioane naTlismcemlis monasterSi ganwesebuli
cianovi imazec zrunavda, rom qarTlisa da meufe aTanasesaTvis saqarTvelos Semosavle-
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vaxtang guruli
bidan wliurad 60 maneTis gamoyofas impera- wels dawyebuli ruseT-osmaleTis omi ruse-
tori daeTanxma. Tis gamarjvebiT dasruldeboda, dasavleT
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali cicianovi, saqarTvelos dapyrobas win veraferi aRudge-
bevri winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, cdilobda boda.
bolomde mieyvana qarTlsa da kaxeTSi saekle- dasavleT saqarTvelo (imereTi, guria,
sio qonebis aRweris saqme. generali xSirad samegrelo, afxazeTi, svaneTi) lixTimereTisa
kaTolikos-patriarqis gverdis avliTac moq- da afxazTa kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiq-
medebda da pirdapir eparqiis mmarTvel ier- ciaSi Sedioda. 1795 wels gadaicvala lixTi-
arqebs avalebda aRweris GCatarebas. mereTisa da afxazeTis kaTolikos-patriarqi
1805 wlis 21 Tebervals bodbeli mit- maqsime (abaSiZe). imereTSi Seqmnili rTuli
ropoliti ioane cicianovs moaxsenebda: 1. vTarebis gamo saeklesio krebis mowveva da
nekresis eparqiis mflobelobaSia 80 komli kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeva ver moxerx-
glexi, romlebic emsaxurebian eklesias da da. imereTis mefe solomon II-m kaTolikos-
muSaoben eklesiis mamulSi; 2. 50 komli glexi patriarqis movaleobis Sesruleba quTaTel
nekresis eparqias uxdis yovel komlze wliu- mitropolit dosiTeozs (wereTels) daakisra.
rad naxevar sapalne Rvinos da 10 kod xor- kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-is
bals. garda amisa, 50 komli eklesias wliu- yovelmxriv SeviwroebasTan erTad ruse-
rad uxdis 60 vercxlis maneTs; 3. nekresis Tis saimperatoro kari misi mowinaaRmdege
eparqias organ aqvs venaxi, romelTagan erTi samRvdeloebis waxalisebis politikas at-
naklebad msxmoiarea. orive venaxi iZleva arebda. 1807 wlis 14 seqtembris brZanebiT,
60 sapalne Rvinos; 4. xorblis yanebi nekre- ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandr I-ma anton II-
sis eparqias ar gaaCnia. glexebi valdebuli is yvelaze cnobili mowinaaRmdege Tbileli
iyvnen, xorbali daeTesaT, magram uari Tqves, mitropoliti arseni briliantisjvriani Te-
ris gamoc eklesia xorbals yidulobs; 5. Tri bartyuliT daajildova.
savaWroebdan nekresis eparqia yovelwliurad anton II-is mimarT ruseTis saimperatoro
iRebs 40 maneTs; 6. saeklesio glexebisagan ga- karis arakeTilganwyobis damadasturebeli
dasaxadis (`drama~ da `saxuco~) saxiT nekre- iyo imperator aleqsandr I-is 1807 wlis 12
sis eparqia yovelwliurad iRebs 220 maneTs; oqtombris brZaneba. Tavis droze qarTl-kax-
7. sadilis Jamnobis dadgenili gadasaxadidan eTis mefem giorgi XII-m ioane naTlismcemlis
nekresis eparqias weliwadSi aqvs Semosavali monastris kuTvnili glexebi gadasaxadisagan
200 maneTis odenobiT. bodbeli mitropoliti gaaTavisufla. amasTan dakavSirebiT ale-
ioane cicianovs calke moaxsenebda xarWaSnis qsandr I-ma ivan gudoviCs Semdegi Sinaarsis
eparqiis Semosavlis Taobaze: 1. eparqiaSi 30 brZaneba gamougzavna: 1. qarTveli mefeebis
komli saeklesio glexia; 2. saeklesio glexe- sigelebi monastrebis kuTvnili glexebis ga-
bi eparqias, SeZlebisdagvarad, gadasaxads dasaxadisagan gaTavisuflebis Taobaze Zala-
uxdian xorbliT, RviniT ki vera; 3. eparqias dakargulad GCaiTvalos; 2. amieridan glexeb-
aqvs venaxi, romelic iZleva 12 sapalne Rvi- ma ioane naTlismcemlis monasters dadgenili
nos; 4. eparqiaSi Sedis TianeTi da fSavi, said- wesiT gadauxadon gadasaxadi.
anac gadasaxadebi mcire raodenobiT Semo- 2. mcxeTis sapatriarqos gauqmeba (1809-
dis. TianeTidan dramis gadasaxadi Seadgens 1811 ww.).
ww.). ruseTis saeklesio politika saqa-
weliwadSi 15 an 20 maneTs; 5. saZovriT sarge- rTveloSi rom mcxeTis uZvelesi sapatriarqo
blobisaTvis eparqia gadasaxadis saxiT iRebs taxtisa da samociqulo eklesiis avtokefali-
20 cxvars. xarWaSnis eparqiaze kidev ufro is mospobas isaxavda miznad, Tavidanve naTe-
Raribi iyo niqozis eparqia. li iyo. pirvel rigSi, amas cxadad grZnobda
1806 wels baqoSi RalatiT mokluli kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II. ruseTis saim-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel ciciano- peratoro kari jer SeniRbulad moqmedebda,
vis nacvlad mTavarsardlad dainiSna ivan 1809 wels ki saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad
gudoviCi (1806-1809). am periodisaTvis (1803- daniSnulma generalma aleqsandr tormasovma
1804 ww.) imereTis samefo, samegrelosa da (1809-1811) ukve Riad daiwyo moqmedeba.
guriis samTavroebi ukve ruseTis imperiis 1809 wlis 6 ivniss tormasovma moxseneba
qveSevrdomobaSi iyvnen Sesulni. mzaddeboda gaugzavna ruseTis eklesiis uwmidesi sinodis
dasavleT saqarTvelos dapyroba. Tu 1806 ober-prokuror aleqsandr golicins.
golicins. gener-
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ali yovelgvari Sesavlis gareSe moxsenebis patriarqi da misi xelisufleba de-faqto

dasawyisSive acxadebs: Cemi winamorbedebis aRar iarsebebda, xolo misi gardacvalebis
(pavel cicianovisa da ivan gudoviCis _ v. g.) Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqs saerTod aRar
mcdelobis miuxedavad, dResac ki ucnobia, airCevdnen, radgan mas funqciac aRar eqne-
Tu ramdeni eklesia, an ramdeni RvTismsax- boda _ eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba sasuliero
uria qarTl-kaxeTSio. moxsenebaSi tormasovi dikasteriisa da misi prezidentis xelSi ga-
ayalibebs Tavis Sexedulebas eklesiaSi gasa- davidoda.
tarebeli reformebis Taobaze: aleqsandr tormasovi energiulad
1. ruseTis eklesiis msgavsad TbilisSi Seudga TbilisSi sasuliero dikasteriis
unda daarsdes dikasteria
dikasteria,, razec Tanxmoba daarsebis saqmes. 1809 wlis 15 ivniss man we-
ganacxada kaTolikos-patriarqma anton II-m; riliT mimarTa kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-
2. sasuliero mmarTvelobis axali or- s. generali anton II-s usabuTebda sasuliero
gano _ dikasteria _ daamyarebs wesrigs ekle- dikasteriis daarsebis aucileblobas.
siaSi, bolos da bolos, gairkveva eklesiebisa 1809 wlis 2 noembers ruseTis eklesiis
da RvTismsaxurebis ricxvi; uwmidesi sinodis ober-prokurorma ale-
3. eparqiebSi mmarTvelma episkoposebma qsandr golicinma saqarTvlos mTavarsardal
dikasteriis Tanxmobis gareSe verc mRvd- aleqsandre tormasovs acnoba: 1809 wlis 6
lad xeldasxma unda SeZlon da verc _ berad ivniss imperators movaxsene Tqveni da kaTo-
aRkveca; likos-patriarq anton II-is Suamdgomlobis
4. dikasteriis Seqmnamde kaTolikos-pa- Taobaze, romelic TbilisSi sasuliero di-
triarqma anton II-m unda akrZalos piradad kasteriis daarsebas iTvaliswinebs. sasuli-
misi da saero xelisuflebis (saqarTvelos ero dikasteriis daarsebasTan dakavSire-
mTavarsardlis _ v. g.) nebarTvis gareSe biT anton II peterburgSi unda gaemgzavros,
mRvdlad xeldasxma da berad aRkveca; radgan gadasawyvetia bevri sakiTxi, romelTa
5. mRvdlad xeldasxmisa da berad aRkve- garkveva mimoweris gziT gaZneldeba, xolo
cis SezRudva Seamcirebs RvTismsaxurebis saqme gaWianurdebao. golicini tormasovs
ricxvs, romelic amJamad warmoudgenlad sTxovda, yovelive es kaTolikos-patriarq-
didia _ erT eklesiaze sami-oTxi mRvdeli isTvis moexsenebina, xolo Sedegi misTvis ec-
modis; nobebina.
6. TbilisSi unda daarsdes sasuliero savsebiT gasagebia, Tu ratom aintere-
seminaria, sadac iswavlian samRvdeloebis sebda aleqsandr golicins, Tu ra reaqcia
Svilebi, rac xels Seuwyobs samRvdeloebis eqneboda anton II-is mis peterburgSi gawvev-
ganaTlebis donis amaRlebas. asTan dakavSirebiT. cxadia, anton II mixvdebo-
tormasovis azriT, sasuliero dikaste- da, rom misi peterburgSi gawveva avismomas-
riis prezidentad anton II unda daniSnuliyo, wvebeli iyo. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT,
xolo vice-prezidentad _ arqiepiskoposi kaTolikos-patriarqs xom kargad emaxsovre-
varlami (erisTavi). boda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis Semdeg
peterburgSi samefo saxlis wevrebis _ dedo-
aleqsandr tormasovis moxseneba mra- flebisa da batoniSvilebis _ gawvevis isto-
valmxrivaa sayuradRebo. ukve imaTaviTve ria. isini ruseTSi sapatio tyveebis rangSi
cxadi iyo, rom sasuliero dikasteriis pre- aRmoCndnen.
zidentad anton II-is daniSvna mimarTuli iyo anton II-m, mas Semdeg, rac aleqsandr
kaTolikos-patriarqis institutis dakninebi- tormasovma imperator aleqsandr I-is neba
saken. eklesiis saTaveSi aRmoCndeboda sasu- auwya, 1810 wlis 7 ianvars werili gaugzavna
liero dikasteria da misi prezidenti, funq- saqarTvelos mmarTvel general fiodor ax-
cias dakargavda kaTolikos-patriarqi da sa- verdovs.. anton II werda, rom aRtacebuli iyo
verdovs
patriarqo. am droisaTvis gadawyvetili iyo imperatoris xilvis SesaZleblobiT, Tumca
isic, rom anton II-s male ruseTSi gaiwvevdnen mis survils asruleba ar ewera. kaTolikos-
da dikasteriis vice-prezidenti rusofili patriarqi saqarTvelos mmarTvels auwyebda,
arqiepiskoposi varlami avtomaturad gaxde- rom wina wels gadatanili xangrZlivi avad-
boda sasuliero dikateriis prezidenti. an- myofobis gamo Zalze dasustebuli iyo da ar
ton II-is ruseTSi gawvevis Semdeg kaTolikos- SeeZlo Sor manZilze mgzavroba. anton II saqa-
304
vaxtang guruli
rTvelos mmarTvels acnobebda, rom Seqmnili ton II Zlieri sicxeebiT xsnida. tormasovi
viTarebis gamo man gadawyvita, peterburgSi uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Cavarda. 1810 wlis 12
gaegzavna ruseTis eklesiis uwmidesi sinodis ivliss generali kaTolikos-patriarqs swer-
wevri arqiepiskoposi varlami da arqimandri- da: me ver gavbedavdi TqvenTvis merCia zafxu-
ti dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi,, romelTac eqnebodaT saWiro lis Zlier sicxeSi gamgzavreba, magram gasaT-
informacia da amave dros SeeZloT azri valiswinebelia is, rom Tqven GrdiloeTSi
gamoeTqvaT yvela sakiTxze. saqarTvelos miemgzavrebiTo. es imas niSnavda, rom gen-
mTavarsardalma tormasovma, rogorc Gans, erali mgzavrobis gadadebis mizezs seriozu-
anton II ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze sabolood lad ar miiCnevda. werilis bolos tormasovi
mainc ver daiTanxma da 1810 wlis 12 Teber- dasZeda: peterburgSi gamgzavrebis dro Tqven
vals uwmidesi sinodis ober-prokuror go- unda SearCioT, Cems rCevas ki Zaldatanebad
licins acnoba: kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II nu miiCnevTo. yovelive zemoT Tqmuls Tu
peterburgSi ver miemgzavreba, mis nacvlad, gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba davaskvnaT: an-
anton II-is TanxmobiT, igzavnebian arqiepis- ton II-is peterburgSi gamgzavreba didi xniT
koposi varlami da arqimandriti dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi,, veRar gadaideboda. ruseTis saimperatoro
romelTac anton II-gan aqvT yvela rwmune- kari kaTolikos-patriarqs Zalas mxolod
ba, aseve saWiro masala, raTa molaparakeba imitom ar atanda, rom gamgzavrebis ramden-
awarmoon TbilisSi sasuliero dikasteriis ime TviT gadadeba xels ar uSlida ruseTis
daarsebis Taobazeo. koloniuri politikis realizebas.
male saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma mi- 1810 wlis 29 ivliss saqarTvelos mTa-
iRo ruseTis eklesiis uwmidesi sinodis varsardali uwmidesi sinodis ober-proku-
ober-prokuroris golicinis werili, ro- ror aleqsandr golicins moaxsenebda: anton
melic 1810 wlis 25 TebervliT iyo daTari- II-is peterburgSi gamgzavrebis xarjebi (5.000
Rebuli. golicini tormasovs acnobebda, rom maneTi) ukve gamovyavio. amave dros, tor-
man imperator aleqsandr I-s moaxsena peter- masovi ober-prokurors sTxovda, gaego im-
burgSi kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-is gamg- peratoris azri imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom
zavrebis Semaferxebel garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. kaTolikos-patriarqis naTesavebis mier aRe-
imperators ubrZanebia: kaTolikos-patriar- buli valebi, razec pasuxismgebloba anton
qi anton II peterburgSi maSin gaemgzavros, II-s hqonda nakisri, SeiZleboda Tu ara, rom
rodesac gamojanmrTeldebao, xolo sasuli- saxelmwifo xazinidan dafaruliyo. moulod-
ero dikasteriis Seqmnis sakiTxis ganxilva nelad kaTolikos-patriarqis peterburgSi
droebiT SeCerdeso. es imis momaswavebeli gamgzavreba Seferxda. mizezi seriozuli iyo.
iyo, rom ruseTis saimperatoro kari prin- 1810 wlis 20 agvistos tormasovma saqarvel-
cipulad iTxovda anton II-is ruseTSi gamgza- os mmarTvel axverdovs SemaSfoTebeli ambavi
vrebas da yovelgvar ukandasaxev gzas uWrida auwya. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali werda:
kaTolikos-patriarqs. 1. levan batoniSvilma oseTidan Tavisi
male gairkva, rom ruseTis saimpera- kacebi gagzana aragvis xeobaSi, raTa ruseTSi
toro kari didxans aRar daaxanebda anton mimavali kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II gaita-
II-is peterburgSi gamgzavrebis gadadebas. con;
tormasovi ukve aSkarad agrZnobinebda kaTo- 2. Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare,
likos-patriarqs, rom metis daxaneba aRar fiodor axvedovs ganuwyvetliv unda edevne-
SeiZleboda. 1810 wlis 8 ivniss anton II-m binaT Tvalyuri kaTolikos-patriarqis gare-
tormasovs acnoba: janmrTeloba peterburg- mocvisa da TviT anton II-Tvis;
Si gamgzavrebis saSualebas maZlevso. gener- 3. kaTolikos-patriarqis gamgzavreba
als maSinve gaucia Sesabamisi gankargulebani ramdenime xniT gadaidos, radgan aucilebe-
mgzavrobis momzadebasTan dakavSirebiT da lia misi Tanmxlebi (gamcilebeli) Zlieri
Tan anton II-is gadawyvetilebis Taobaze uc- razmis gamoyofa;
nobebia peterburgisaTvis. mogvianebiT anton 4. Tu kaTolikos-patriarqi moiTxovs
II-s gadawyvetileba Seucvlia da saqarTvelos gamgzavrebis daCqarebas, amiT is daadas-
mmarTvelis meSveobiT tormasovisaTvis Seu- turebs, rom moqmedebs levan batoniSvilTan
tyobinebia, peterburgSi agvistos bolos SeTanxmebiT;
gavemgzavrebio. gamgzavrebis gadadebas an- 5. kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis unda ec-
305
nobebinaT, rom gamgzavrebamde aucilebeli Tis eklesiis uwmidesi sinodis ober-proku-

iyo kacis gagzavna da Tbilisidan mozdokamde rors warudgina vrceli moxseneba TbilisSi
mTel gzaze winaswar Tadarigis daWera (cx- sasuliero dikasteriis daarsebis Taobaze.
enebis momzadeba), aseve gamcilebelTa Zliri moxsenebidan irkveva, rom dikasteriis Seqm-
razmis momzadeba. yovelive amas garkveuli nis proeqti arqiepiskopos varlams Seudge-
dro dasWirdeboda. gamgzavreba SesaZlebeli nia, romelic am droisaTvis oficialurad
iqneboda mas Semdeg, rac Tbilisidan gagza- iwodeboda ``sasuliero
sasuliero nawilis Tavmjdo-
vnili kaci dabrundeboda, anu daaxloebiT mared~.
mared ~. arqiepiskopos varlamis proeqtSi
erTi kviris Semdeg; gaTvaliswinebuli iyo tormasovis mosazre-
6. aragvis xeobis osebSi, da saerTod bebic. moxsenebis mixedviT proeqtis Sinaarsi
qarTlis mTianeTSi, unda gaigzavnos kacebi aseTi iyo:
da dadgindes, marTla iyvnen Tu ara Gasuli 1. yofili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ter-
mTaSi levan batoniSvilis momxreebi, rogor toriaze (aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi) arsebu-
Sexvdnen maT da SeiZleba Tu ara batoniSvi- li 13 eparqiidan unda darCeniliyo 2 eparqia:
lis kacebis Sepyroba. mcxeTisa,, anu qarTlisa da alaverdisa
mcxeTisa alaverdisa,, anu
kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-is peter- kaxeTisa;
burgSi gamgzavreba, rac 1810 wels ramden- 2. 9 saarqimandritodan unda darCenili-
jerme gadaido, mainc gardauvali aRmoCnda. yo 5 saarqimandrito;
1810 wlis 9 noembers fiodor axverdovi ale- 3. sasuliero dikasteriis Seqmnamde
qsandr tormasovs moaxsenebda: kaTolikos- eklesiebisa da samRvdeloebis ricxvi ar unda
patriarqi anton II 1810 wlis 3 noembers Semcirebuliyo, Semcireba unda dawyebuliyo
Tbilisidan peterburgs gaemgzavra. igi 9 no- dikasteriis Seqmnis Semdeg. zogierTi ekle-
embramde mcxeTSi SeCerda da amjerad emza- sia daixureboda da, Sesabamisad, Semcird-
deba gzis gasagrZeleblado. kaTolikos-pa- eboda samRvdeloebis ricxvic. Semcirebul
triarqs kobamde gaacilebda kazakTa polkis mRvdlebs wodebis mixedviT miecemodaT sar-
16 jariskaci oficris meTaurobiT, kobidan Co da Semdeg isini dainiSnebodnen dikaste-
vladikavkazamde (xevis gavliT) ki _ kazakTa riis Sexedulebis mixedviT. gardacvlili
aseuli. mRvdlebis adgils daikavebdnen isini, rom-
anton II, mcxeTis uZvelesi sapatriarqo lebic eklesiebis daxurvis Semdeg samwysos
taxtis mpyrobeli da uZvelesi avtokefal- gareSe darCebodnen;
uri samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 4. saeklesio gadasaxadebis naturiT
mamamTavari, ruseTSi gaemgzavra sasuliero (xorbliT, RviniT, xiliT da a. S.) gadasaxa-
dikasteriis daarsebasTan dakavSirebiT. es dis aReba rTuli iyo, amitomac naturiT ga-
iyo formaluri sababi kaTolikos-patriarqis dasaxadi Seicvleboda fuladiT. eparqiis
gawvevisaTvis. peterburgSi ukve gadwyvetili mmarTvel ierarqebsa da arqimandritebs sasu-
iyo mcxeTis sapatriarqos gauqmeba. anton II liero dikasteriaSi gadasaxadi fulis saxiT
samSobloSi dabrunebas veRar eRirsa, igi ru- unda SeetanaT;
seTSive aResrula. 5. saeklesio glexebs xazinis gadasaxadi
anton II-is peterburgSi gamgzavrebis unda gadaexadaT sursaTiT _ 1 komlze 3 kodi
Semdeg TbilisSi sasuliero dikasteriis xorbali, an fuliT _ 1 kodi xorblis sanacv-
daarsebis saqme daCqarda. amieridan Tbilis- lod 1 maneTi;
sa da yofili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mTel 6. sasuliero dikasteriis wevrebi unda
teritoriaze upirvelesi saeklesio ierarqis yofiliyvnen: qarTlidan qvaTaxevis monas-
funqcia ruseTis eklesiis uwmidesi sinodis tris arqimandriti dosiTeozi da ikorTis
wevrs, arqepiskopos varlams, daekisra. 1810 monastris arqimandriti gamaliila (romelic
wlis 13 dekembers tormasovi arqiepiskopos imxanad ukve gadayvanili iyo bodbis monas-
varlams sTxovda, gaego qarTveli samRvd- tris arqimandritad); kaxeTidan: arqimandri-
loebis azri axali sasuliero mmarTvelobis ti elefTeri
elefTeri,, mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZris
Taobaze. saqarTvelos mTvarsardali yvela dekanozi ioane maRalaSvili,
maRalaSvili, dekanozi ioseb
mniSvnelovan sakiTxze arqiepiskopos varlams winamZRvriSvili da dekanozi dimitri aleq-
eTaTbireboda. siSvili;
siSvili
1811 wlis 18 Tebervals tormasovma rus- 7. saqarTvelos kaTolikosebi bizantiis
306
vaxtang guruli
impertoris mier iyvnen dadgenilni da maTs dabali socialuri fenebidan gamosulebic.

damoukideblobas (avtokefalias _ v. g.) aRi- samazro saswavleblebSi unda eswavlbinaT
arebdnen msoflio patriarqebi. amis gamo pa- rusuli da qarTuli enebi, aseve ariTmetika.
tiviscemis niSnad mcxeTis, anu qarTlis epar- saswavleblebSi aRzrdil Tavadaznaurebis
qiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris wodeba aseTi Svilebs SesaZlebloba eqnebodaT, swavla gae-
iqneboda: `mitropoliti
`mitropoliti mcxeTisa da qarTli- grZelebinaT Tbilisis keTilSobilTa samx-
sa da uwmidesi sinodis egzarqosi saqarTvelo- edro saswavlebelSi, xolo samRvdeloebis
Si~. igi daeqvemdebareboda ruseTis eklesiis
Si Svilebs _ gimnaziaSi.
uwmides sinods da sinodisagan miiRebda gan- moxsenebaSi aleqsandr tormasovi
kargulebas. mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis qvrivebisa da
dikasteriis proeqtis wardgenis Semdeg SvilebisaTvis materialuri daxmarebis
Tavis moxsenebaSi aleqsandr tormasovi uw- sakiTxsac ayenebda. daxmarebisaTvis saWiro
midesi sinodis ober-prokurors werda, rom finansebis gankargva unda moexdinaT saqarT-
kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s ar ZaluZda sa- velos mTavarsardalsa da sasuliero dikas-
suliero mmarTvelobis axali sistemis GCamo- terias. daxmareba ar miecemodaT im qvrivebsa
yalibeba da sasuliero uwyebis (dikasteriis) da bavSvebs, romelTac sakmarisi Semosavali
xelmZRvaneloba. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- hqondaT.
dali golicins acnobebda, rom misi azriT moxsenebis dasasruls saqarTvelos mTa-
`saqarTveloSi uwmidesi sinodis egzarqosis, varsardali madlierebiT ixseniebda sasuli-
mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitropolitis~ adgi- ero nawilis mmarTvels, arqiepiskopos var-
li unda daekavebina uwmidesi sinodis wevrs, lams da imeds gamoTqvamda, rom dikasteriis
arqiepiskopos varlams ((erisTavs
erisTavs),
), xolo Seqmnis Semdeg qarTveli samRvdeloebis md-
alaverdis, anu kaxeTis eparqiis mmarTveli gomareoba gaumjobesdeboda.
mRvdelmTavari unda gamxdariyo bodbis epar- qarTl-kaxeTis yofili samefos terito-
qiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari mitropoliti riaze arsebuli eklesiebis, monastrebis, Savi
ioane.
ioane da TeTri samRvdeloebis raodenobis dadge-
tormasovi Tavis moxsenebaSi Seexo ru- nis, aseve saeklesio Semosavlebis garkvevis
seTSi myofi kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-is Semdeg 1811 wlis 21 ivniss ruseTis ekle-
sarCos sakiTxs. generali uwmidesi sinodis siis uwmidesma sinodma ùqveSemrdomilesi
ober-prokurors acnobebda, rom anton II-m moxseneba~ warudgina ruseTis imperator
sapatriarqos Semosavlebidan 1808 wels mi- aleqsandr I-s. 1811 wlis 30 ivniss impera-
iRo 2.300 vercxlis maneTi, xolo 1810 wels torma moxseneba daamtkica. am dokumentma
saqarTvelos Semosavlebidan imperatoris gadawyvita mcxeTis uZvelesi sapatriarqo
brZanebiT _2.675 vercxlis maneTi. tormasovi taxtis, uZvelesi samociqulo marTlmadide-
Suamdgomlobda, raTa anton II-s, Tu igi ru- beli eklesiis, kaTolikos-patriarq anton
seTSi darCeboda, saqarTvelos Semosavlebi- II-is bedi. amis gamo SevecdebiT dokumentis
dan gardacvalebamde yovelwliurad mieRo Sinaarsi dawvrilebiT warmovadginoT. impera-
6.000 vercxlis maneTi pensiis saxiT. samagi- toris mier damtkicebuli uwmidesi sinodis
erod, anton II-s aranairi ufleba aRar unda moxseneba aseTi Sinaarsisaa:
hqonoda sasuliero dikasteriis (yofili sa- I. 1783 wels qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle
patriarqos) Semosavlebze. II-m cno ruseTis imperiis uzenaesi xelisu-
tormasovi uwmidesi sinodis winaSe fleba da qveSevrdomoba. xelSekrulebis
ayenebda TbilisSi samRvdeloTa da Tavadazn- (georgievskis traqtatis _ v. g.) merve muxlis
aurobis SvilTaTvis gimnaziis gaxsnis sakiTxs. mixedviT or saxelmwifos eklesiaTa Soris
gimnazia 60 moswavleze unda yofiliyo gaT- urTierTobis Taobaze calke xelSekruleba
valiswinebuli. tormasovis azriT, gimnazi- unda dadebuliyo;
aSi ganswavluli samRvdeloeba SeiZleboda II. 1801 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamoica ori
gamoeyenebinaT GCrdilo kavkasiis xalxebis manifesti: pirveli _ 18 ianvars, romlis
qristianobaze mosaqcevad. tormasovi aseve mixedviTac qarTl-kaxeTis samefo uerTdebo-
ayenebda samazro saswavleblebis daarsebis da ruseTis imperias, meore _ 12 seqtembers,
sakiTxs, sadac samRvdeloebis SvilebTan er- romelsac Tan axlda dadgenileba qarTl-kx-
Tad iswavlidnen Raribi Tavadaznaurebisa da eTis mmarTvelobis mowyobis Taobaze. gener-
307
al karl knorings daevala mxaris sasuliero mazrebSi _ samazro saswavleblebi. ganaTle-

cxovrebis wesrigSi moyvana; buli qarTveli samRvdeloeba gamoyenebuli
III. uwmidesi sinodis ober-prokurorma unda iqnes GCrdilo kavkasiis mosaxleobis
aleqsandr golicinma saqarTveloSi myofi gasaqristianeblad.
sinodis wevris, arqepiskopos varlamisa da 6. saeklesio glexebisagan miRebuli Se-
mTavarsardal aleqsandr tormasovis meSveo- mosavali ase unda ganawildes: mcxeTisa da qa-
biT miiRo cnobebi qarTveli samRvdeloebis rTlis mRvdelmTavars _ 5.000 maneTi, wilknis
mdgomareobis Taobaze. am cnobebidan dg- eparqiis mRvdelmTavar gervasis _ 1.000 mane-
indeba, rom qarTlisa da kaxeTis 13 eparqiaSi Ti, bodbis eparqiis mRvdelmTavar ioanes da
7 mRvdelmTavari, 799 eklesia, 746 mRvdeli, alaverdis eparqiis mRvdelmTavars (imJamad
146 diakoni da 661 eklesiis msaxuri, 9 saarqi- kaTedra vakanturi iyo _ v.g.) _ 2.500 maneTi,
mandrito, 6 arqimandriti da 75 beria. 13 ep- sasuliero dikasterias _ 1.500 maneTi, gimn-
arqiaSi 2.213 komli saeklesio glexia, xolo azias _ 3.400 maneTi, samazro saswavleblebs
9 saarqimandritoSi _ 637 komli. saeklesio _ 2.000 maneTi, oTx adgilas eklesiebisa da
aznaurebi 470 koml saeklesio glexs floben; samrevloebis mSeneblobis dasrulebisaTvis
IV. mRvdelmTavrebi saeklesio Semosav- 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi _ 3.300 maneTi da sxv;
lebis Taobaze aravis aranair angariSs ar VI. yofili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos teri-
abareben, Semosavlebis Taobaze maT aranairi toriaze rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebamde
cnobebi ar gaaCniaT, saeklesio SemosavlebiT (saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis Seqmnamde),
sargebloben yovelgvari wesis gareSe. arq- vinc saeklesio aznauris wodbas atarebda,
iepiskopos varlamis gamoangariSebiT, eparq- glexebianad gadairicxos saxelmwifo xazinis
iebis Semosavali unda udrides 26.360 maneTs, gamgeblobaSi;
saarqimandritoebisa _ 13.224 maneTs; VII. mieces sarCo mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis
V. arqiepiskoposi varlami gvTavazobs qvrivebsa da Svilebs;
Semdegs: VIII. qarTveli samRvdeloebis Txovnis
1. 13 eparqiidan darCes mxolod ori: miuxedavad, ar SeiZleba arsebuli mdgomare-
mcxeTis,, anu qarTlisa da alaverdis
mcxeTis alaverdis,, anu kax- obis ucvlelad datoveba:
eTisa; 1. ar SeiZleba SenarCundes 13 eparqia;
2. mcxeTisa da qarTlis mRvdelmTavari, 2. ruseTis msgavsad SemoRebuli unda
rogorc qarTveli samRvdeloebis upirvele- iqnes sasamarTlo _ konsistoria da sasuli-
si ierarqi, iwodeba ase: `mitropoliti
`mitropoliti mcx- ero mmarTveloba, romelic Tvalyurs ad-
eTisa da qarTlisa, sinodis egzarqosi saqarT- evnebs samRvdeloebas;
veloSi~;
veloSi 3. aucilebelia sasuliero seminariis
3. 9 saarqimandritodan darCes 5 saarqi- daarseba, radgan mRvdlebi unda iyvnen ga-
mandrito; naTlebulni da mrevlisaTvis magaliTis mim-
4. daarsdes dikasteria, romlis wevre- cemni;
bi iqnebian ara mRvdelmTavrebi, aramed ar- 4. dauSvebelia kerZo pirebze saeklesio
qimandritebi da dekanozebi. dikasteria ep- mamulebis gasxviseba;
arqiebidan da saarqimandritoebidan miiRebs IX. yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdin-
yvela aucilebel cnobas, romelic Seexeba: are, uwmidesi sinodi miiCnevs:
a) zedmeti eklesiebis daxurvas, daxuruli 1. 13 eparqiidan Seiqmnas 2 eparqia: a) mcx-
eklesiebis RvTismsaxurebis sxva eklesiebSi eTisa anu qarTlisa; b) alaverdisa anu kax-
gadayvanas, RvTismsaxurebisaTvis xarisxis eTisa; g) 9 saarqimandritodan Seiqmnas 5 saa-
miniWebas, saeklesio Semosavlebs; b) saekle- rqimandrito;
sio glexebidan gadasaxadebis akrefis mowes- 2. qarTveli samRvdeloebis umaRlesi
rigebas, Semosavlisa da gasavlis aRricxvas, ierarqi iqneba mcxeTisa da qarTlis mit-
gimnaziis Senaxvas, saswavleblebisa da mowy- ropoliti, romelsac yovelTvis eqneba wo-
alebis saxlebis Senaxvas; g) naturiT miRebu- deba: `ùwmidesi
uwmidesi sinodis egzarqosi saqarT-
li gadasaxadebis fulze gadayvanas. velosi~;
velosi
5. samRvdeloebis SvilebisaTvis gana- 3. Seiqmnas dikasteria
dikasteria,, romelsac sa-
Tlebis misacmad TbilisSi unda daarsdes gim- TaveSi GCaudgeba qarTveli samRvdloebis
nazia (pirvel xanebSi 60 mowavlisaTvis), xoli umaRlesi ierarqi (`mcxeTisa da qarTlis
308
vaxtang guruli
mitropoliti, uwmidesi sinodis egzarqosi sis eklesiisaTvis GCamoerTmia avtokefal-

saqarTveloSi~). dikasteriis xelmZRvanelis uri uflebebi, romelic ZvelTaganve hqonda
(ufrosis) gadawyvetilebiT, samazro qalaqeb- miniWebuli. radgan kviprosis eklesia Zvel-
Si pirveldawyebiTi sasamarTlo saqmiswar- Taganve avtokefalurad iyo aRiarebuli, III
moebisaTvis Seiqmnas sasuliero mmarTvelo- msoflio saeklesio krebam daicva misi av-
bebi, romelTa wevrebi iqnebian dekanozebi da tokefalia.
mRvdlebi. garda amisa, mazrebSi samRvdeloe- mcxeTis uZvelesi sapatriarqosa da uZve-
baze meTvalyureoba daevalos blaRoCinebs; lesi samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
4. samRvdeloebis SvilebisaTvis swav- TviTmwyemsobis (avtokefaliis) kanonierad
la-ganaTlebis misacemad gimnaziis nacvlad gauqmebisaTvis aucilebeli iyo:
daarsdes sasuliero seminaria.
seminaria. samazro sas- 1. kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s unda
wavleblebi gaixsnas mas Semdeg, rac sasuli- moewvia saeklesio kreba, romelsac unda mie-
ero seminaria am saswavleblebisaTvis moamza- Ro ganCineba avtokefaluri uflebebis daT-
debs maswavleblebs; mobisa da avtokefaliis gauqmebis Taobaze.
5. mRvdelmTavrebis, arqimandritebis, aseTi saeklesio kreba mowveuli ar yofila;
sasuliero dikasteriis, sasuliero seminar- 2. gauqmebuli mcxeTis sapatriarqos ru-
iis, mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis qvrivebisa da seTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sesvlaze Tanx-
Svilebis Sesanaxi xarjebi gaRebuli iqneba moba unda mieca ruseTis saeklesio krebas.
saeklesio Semosavlebidan; ruseTSi saeklesio krebas aRar iwvevdnen,
6. glexebi, romlebic saeklesio glexebis xolo uwmidesi sinodi saeklesio krebas ver
kategorias ganekuTvnebodnen qarTl-kaxeTis Secvlida;
yofili samefos teritoriaze rusuli mmarT- 3. mcxeTis uZvelesi sapatriarqosa
velobis SemoRebamde (saqarTvelos uzenaesi da uZvelesi samociqulo marTlmadide-
mTavrobis Seqmnamde), darCebian sasuliero beli eklesiis avtokefliis gauqmebisaTvis
uwyebis daqvemdebarebaSi. rac Seexeba saekle- aucilebeli iyo konstantinepolis msoflio
sio aznaurebs, sasuliero dikasteriis Seqm- patriarqisa da msoflio marTlmadidebeli
nis gamo, maTi gamoyeneba saeklesio mamulebis patriarqebis (ierusalimis, antioqiis, ale-
mouravebad ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. qsandriis) Tanxmoba. aseTi Tanxmoba ruseTs
saeklesio aznaurebis sakiTxs Seiswavlis uw- arc uTxovia da, cxadia, arc miuRia.
midesi sinodi da dasamtkiceblad warudgens 1801 wlis 12 seqtemberis ukanono aqts,
imperators. romlis ZalTac gauqmda qarTl-kaxeTis samefo,
aseTia im dokumentis Sinaarsi, romel- 1811 wlis 30 ivniss mohyva meore ukanono aqti,
mac,, ruseTis imperiis interesebidan gamomdi-
mac romlis ZaliTac gauqmda msoflios erT-erTi
nare, gaauqma mcxeTis uZvelesi sapatriarqo uZvelesi sapatriarqo _ mcxeTis sapatriarqo
taxti da uZvelesi samociqulo marTlmadide- da uZvelesi samociqulo marTlmdidebeli
beli eklesiis TviTmwyemsoba (avtokefalia). eklesiis TviTmwyemsoba (avtokefalia).
aTi weli (1801-1811 ww.) emzadeboda ru- mcxeTis sapatriarqosa da eklesiis
seTis saimperatro kari am usamarTlo da ve- TviTmwyemsobis (avtokefaliis) gauqmebis Sem-
raguli nabijis gadasadgmelad. miuxedavad deg yofili qarTl-kaxeTis samefos teri-
amisa, gaumeba iyo sruliad ukanono da ganxor- toriaze umaRlesi saeklesio ierarqi gada
cielda saeklesio samarTlis uxeSi darRveviT. `mcxeTisa
mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitropoliti~,
mitropoliti~, ro-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba da misi melic amave dros iyo ruseTis eklesiis uw-
ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTeba ar SeiZle- midesi sinodis ègzarqosi
ègzarqosi saqarTveloSi~.
saqarTveloSi~. es
boda mcxeTis uZvelesi sapatriarqo taxtisa `pativi~ wilad xvda uwmidesi sinodis wevrs,
da uZvelesi samociqulo marTlmadidebeli arqiepiskopos varlams (erisTavs). swored ar-
eklesiis TviTmwyemsobis (avtokefaliis) gau- qiepiskoposi varlami iyo ruseTis saekle-
qmebis safuZveli gamxdariyo. es ewinaaRmde- sio politikis aqtiuri gamtarebeli saqarT-
geboda efesos wmida III msoflio saeklesio veloSi. igi uwmidesi sinodis ober-prokuror
krebis (431 w.) merve kanons. am kanonis miRebis aleqsandr golicinisa da saqarTvelos mTa-
safuZveli gaxda antioqiis eklesiis mcdelo- varsardal aleqsandr tormasovis ndobiTa
ba, Tavisi iurisdiqciisaTvis daemorCilebina da mxardaWeriT sargeblobda.
kviprosis eklesia da, Sesabamisad, kvipro- mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitropoliti,
309
saqarTvelos egzarqosi varlami 1811 wlis saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora,

30 ivniss imperator aleqsandr I-is brZanebiT romelic iqneboda uwmindesi sinodis uSualo
Seqmnili saqarTvelos dikasteriis saTaveSi daqvemdebarebaSi, iseve, rogorc moskovis
idga. es iyo saeklesio saqmeTa marTva-gemge- sinodaluri kantora. saqarTvelo-imereTis
obis axali organo, romelsac qarTveli sam- sinodaluri kantoris daarsebiT uqmdeboda
Rvdeloebis bedi unda ganego. TbilisSi arsebuli dikasteria
dikasteria.. samagierod,
3. lixTimereTisa da afxazTa sapatriar- dikasteria arsdeboda quTaisSi, romlis
qos gauqmeba (1814-1815 ww.). imereTis samefos gamgeblobaSi Sevidodnen imereTis, samegre-
dapyrobisa da samefo xelisuflebis gau- losa da guriis samRvdeloeba, eklesiebi da
qmebis Semdeg ruseTis saimperatoro kari monastrebi;
lixTimereTisa da afxazTa sakaTalikosos 3. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kan-
gauqmebisaTvis iwyebs mzadebas. gauqmebsaTvis toris Tavmjdomare unda yofiliyo saqarT-
pirobebs amzadebda ruseTis eklesiis uwmide- velosa da imereTis egzarqosi, xolo wevrebi
si sinodi da misi ober-prokurori aleqsandr _ Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis arqiepis-
golicini. amjerad saqarTveloSi ruseTis koposi, 2 arqimandriti da 2 dekanozi. es ki imas
saeklesio politikis gamtareblad gvev- niSnavda, rom saqarTvelo-imereTis sinoda-
lineba goris episkoposi dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi.. mis mier luri kantoris wevrebi xdebodnen: saqa-
Sedgenili proeqti uwmides sinodSi moiwones rTvelosa da imereTis egzarqosi varlami varlami,,
da dasamtkiceblad warudgines aleqsandr Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis arqiepis-
I-s. 1814 wlis 30 agvistos imperatorma pro- koposi dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi,, qvabTaxevis monastris wi-
eqti moiwona da daamtkica. uwmidesi sinodis namZRvari arqimandriti aTanase
aTanase,, kidev 1 ar-
wardginebiT imave dRes imperatorma pro- qimandriti da 2 dekanozi mogvianebiT airCe-
etis Semdgenel goris episkopos dosiTeozs oda. quTaisSi Seqmnili dikasteriis upirve-
`Telavisa
Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis arqiepis- lesi wevri (Tavmjdomare) iqneboda quTaTeli
koposoba~~ uboZa da imavdroulad oseTis sa-
koposoba mRvdelmTavari,, xolo wevrebi _ erTi arqiman-
mRvdelmTavari
suliero komisiis Tavmjdomared daadgina. driti da ori dekanozi
dekanozi.. dikasteriis Semad-
mainc ras warmoadgenda goris epis- genlobas daamtkicebda saqarTvelo-imereTis
kopos dosiTeozis mier Sedgenili proeqti, sinodaluri kantora;
romelic ``ruseTis
ruseTis saxelmwifos mier saqarT- 4. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur
velosa da sxva SemoerTebul olqebSi sasu- kantoras eyoleboda V klasis prokurori prokurori,,
liero saqmeebis mowyobas
mowyobas~~ iTvaliswinebda? romelsac unda scodnoda rusuli da qa-
dokumenti vrcelia, magram, vfiqrobT, misi rTuli enebi. prokuroris movaleoba iyo
Sinaarsis dawvrilebiT gadmocema interes- sinodalur kantorasa da dikasteriaSi saqmis
moklebuli ar iqneba (iseve, rogorc im- warmoebaze Tvalyuris devneba. mis damxmared
droindel sxva oficialur dokumentebSi, unda aerCiaT sami ufrosi oficeri,
oficeri, romelTa-
Грузия““ ixmareba mxolod qarTl-
amjeradac „„Грузия gan erTi iqneboda gorSigorSi,, meore _ TelavSi
TelavSi,,
kaxeTis (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) aRsaniS- mesame _ quTaisSi
quTaisSi.. maT movaleobas Seadgen-
„Имеретия““ umetes SemTxvevaSi ixmareba
navad, „Имеретия da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, prokuroris in-
yofili imereTis samefos teritoriis aRsan- formireba;
iSnavad, zogjer ki mTeli dasavleT saqarT- 5. saqmis warmoebisaTvis saqarTvelo-
velos (lixTimereTis) mniSvnelobiT. „Грузия„Грузия imereTis sinodalur kantoraSi unda yofil-
и Имеретия
Имеретия““ umetes SemTxvevaSi niSnavs mTel iyo ori VIII klasis mdivani
mdivani.. erTi maTgani da-
saqarTvelos). kavebuli iqneboda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
1814 wlis 30 agvistos imperator ale- Грузия“),
(„Грузия
(„ “), xolo meore _ dasavleT saqarT-
qsandr I-is mier damtkicebuli sasuliero velos („ Имеретия“)
(„Имеретия“) saqmeebiT. orive mdivans
saqmeebis mowyobis proeqti aseTi Sinaarsisa unda hyoloda TiTo magidis ufrosi da mw-
iyo: erali,, aseve ori X klasis mTargmneli
erali mTargmneli.. dikas-
1. qarTl-kaxeTsa da imereTSi iqneboda terias unda hyoloda erTi X klasis mdivani,
uwmidesi sinodis erTi egzarqosi da igi iwo- erTi XII klasis mTargmneli da ori mwerali;
deboda ase: `saqarTvelosa
`saqarTvelosa da imereTis egzar- 6. rodesac saqarTvelo-imereTis sinod-
qosi~;
qosi aluri kantoris wevrebiT dakompleqteba
2. TbilisSi arsdeboda uwmidesi sinodis dasruldeboda, amis Taobaze unda ecnobebi-
310
vaxtang guruli
naT saqarTvelos mTavarsardlisTvis, saqa- Sesuli saqmeebi. momavalSi, Semosavlisa da

rTvelosa (qarTl-kaxeTis) da imereTis samo- gasavlis dadgenis procesSi, sinodalur kan-
qalaqo xelisuflebis (saqarTvelos uzenaesi toras quTaisSi arsebuli dikasteriisaTvis
mTavroba da imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba unda moeTxova imereTis, guriisa da samegre-
_ v. g.) da uwmindesi sinodisaTvis; los eparqiebis Semosavlebis zusti aRricxva,
7. qarTl-kaxeTSi unda Seqmniliyo sami raTa samRvdeloebis sarCos daniSvna gamx-
eparqia: qarTlis, oseTisa da siRnaRisa. pirve- dariyo SesaZlebeli. saqarTvelo-imereTis
li eparqiis mRvdelmTavari iqneboda saqa- snodalur kantoras uwmidesi sinodisaTvis
rTvelosa da imereTis egzarqosi tituliT: unda waredgina yovelwliuri xarjTaRricxva;
`mcxeTis,
mcxeTis, Tbilisisa da qarTlis mitropoli- 12. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri
ti~, meorisa _ „Telavisa
ti „Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavka- kantora ganixilavda ara marto uwmidesi
siis arqiepiskoposi“, mesamisa _ „siRnaRisa da sinodidan Semosul saqmeebs, aramed quTaisis
qiziyis episkoposi“ (am kaTedraze ukve damt- dikasteriidan da qarTl-kaxeTis (aRmosav-
kicebuli iyo alaverdis eparqiis mRvdelm- leT saqarTvelos) mRvdelmTavrebidan Sesul
Tavari ioane). garda amisa, gaTvaliswinebuli saqmeebs;
iyo saqarTvelos qorepiskoposis Tanamde- 13. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri
bobis daweseba. es Tanamdeboba gankuTvnili kantora ganixilavda saeklesio mamulebis
iyo yofili wilknis eparqiis mRvdelmTavar saqmes, romelsac gadascemda prokurori;
gervasisaTvis. misi tituli iqneboda: „„saqa-
saqa- 14. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri
rTvelosa da goris qorepikoposi“; kantora ganixilavda im saeklesio mamulebis
8. imereTSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi) saqmes, romelic ekuTvnoda erT eparqias, ma-
arsebuli eparqiebi xeluxleblad unda dar- gram mdebareobda meore eparqiis teritori-
Ceniliyo mRvdelmTavrebis sicocxlis bo- aze;
lomde. mRvdelmTavris gardacvalebis Semdeg 15. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodal-
sinodalur kantoras uwmidesi sinodisaT- uri kantora ruseTis eklesiis uwmides
vis unda moexsenebina Tavisi azri eparqiebis sinods yovelwliurad acnobebda rogorc
Taobaze; gadawyvetili, ise gadauwyveteli saqmeebis
9. qarTl-kaxeTisa (aRmosavleT saqarT- raodenobas;
velosa) da imereTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) 16. quTaisis dikasteria imereTis, same-
eparqiebis mRvdelmTavrebs unda exelmZR- grelosa da guriis teritoriaze arsebuli
vanelaT: wmida weriliT, wmida mociqulTa eparqiebis saqmeebs ganxilvis Semdeg dasamt-
kanonebiT, saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT da kiceblad warudgenda saqarvelo-imereTis
uwmidesi sinodis dadgenilebebiT. aRmosav- sinodalur kantoras, weliwadSi oTxjer an-
leT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavrebs saWiroe- gariSs GCaabarebda mniSvnelovani movlenebis,
bis SemTxvevaSi unda miemarTaT saqarTvelo- aseve Semosavlisa da gasavlis Taobaze;
imereTis sinodaluri kantorisaTvis, dasav- 17. Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis
leT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavrebs _ quTais- arqiepiskoposs ekisreboda igive movaleoba,
Si arsebuli dikasteriisaTvis; rac aqamde dakisrebuli hqonda mozdokSi ar-
10. eklesiebsa da samRvdeloebaze Tvaly- sebul oseTis sasuliero komisias;
uris devnebisa da wesrigis dacvis mizniT yov- 18. Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis
el 10 eklesias (SeiZleba cota mets an cota eparqiaSi unda yofiliyo Savi samRvdeloeba:
naklebs, geografiuli mdebareobis mixedviT) 1 arqimandriti, 1 iRumeni, 4 berdiakoni, 2
unda hyoloda erTi blaRoCini
blaRoCini.. misi daniSvna ierodiakoni; TeTri samRvdeloeba: 2 mRvde-
eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebis uflebas warmoad- li, 1 diakoni da 8 mnaTe; X klasis 1 mdivani,
genda. blaRoCinis daniSvnisa da gadayenebis XII klasis 1 mTargmneli da 2 mwerali;
Taobaze mRvdelmTavars unda ecnobebina 19. zemoxsenebuli sasuliero pirebis
sinodaluri kantorisTvis (aRmosavleT saqa- xeldasxmas, daniSvnasa da gadayenebas Telav-
rTveloSi) an dikasteriisTvis (dasavleT isa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis arqiepiskoposis
saqarTveloSi); ufleba iyo;
11. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur 20. GCrdilo kavkasiis mTianeTSi Telav-
kantoras gaxsnis Semdeg unda gadaebarebina isa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis arqiepiskoposis,
Tbilisis yofil dikasteriaSi gansaxilvelad aseve misionerebis gasacileblad unda gamo-
311
yofiliyo 30 cxenosani saeklesio glexebisa- sebuliyo Semdegi xelfasebi: 1. mdivans _ 350

gan, aseve _ 100 kazaki; maneTi; 2. mTargmnels _ 300 maneTi; 3. or mw-
21. Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis erals _ 150 maneTi TiToeuls; 4. sakancel-
arqiepiskoposs oseTis sasuliero komisiis ario xarjebisaTvis _ 300 maneTi.
saqmeTa Taobaze moxseneba unda waredgina saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kan-
ruseTis eklesiis uwmidesi sinodisaTvis da toris prokurorma 1815 wlis 8 maiss saqa-
dalodeboda sinodis gadawyvetilebas; rTvelos mTavarsardal nikolai rtiSCevs
22. kaxeTis qalaqi Telavi da qarTlis qa- warudgina moxseneba, saidanac irkveva, rom
laqi ananuri
ananuri,, imis gamo, rom osebTan da kavka- imperatoris 1814 wlis 30 agvitos brZanebis
siis mTielebTan axlos mdebareobda,unda ga- Sesabamisad, saqarTvelo-imereTis sinoda-
dasuliyo Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis luri kantora gaxsnila 1815 wlis 8 Teber-
arqiepiskoposis gamgeblobaSi; vals. am movlenis aRsaniSnavad Tbilisis
23. imereTis samRvdeloebis da eklesiis sionis taZarSi sazeimo wirva aRasrula saqa-
msaxurTa SvilebisaTvis qalaq quTaisSi unda rTvelosa da imereTis egzarqosma, mcxeTis,
daarsebuliyo sasuliero seminaria; Tbilisisa da qarTlis mitropolitma, ale-
24. 1811 wels imperatoris brZanebiT qsandr nevelisa da wm. anas I xarisxis or-
damtkicebuli iyo 5 saarqimandrito. 1811 denebis kavalerma varlamma (erisTavma). wirvis
wels erT saarqimandritod gaerTianda io- dasrulebis Semdeg mitropolitma varlamma
ane naTlismcemlisa da SuamTis monastrebi. aRavlina locva imperator aleqsandr I-isa
SuamTis monasteri gamoiyofoda calke saar- da romanovTa samefo saxlis dRegrZelo-
qimandritod da misi arqimandriti unda gamx- bisaTvis. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri
dariyo Telavisa da saqarTvelo-kavkasiis ar- kantora Seudga muSaobas.
qimandritis monacvle (moadgile), romelsac 1815 wlis oqtomberSi saqarTvelosa
eparqia unda emarTa arqiepiskoposis eparqi- da imereTis egzarqosma varlamma imogzaura
aSi aryofnis dros; imereTSi, guriasa da samegreloSi, Sexvda
25. Tu ramdeni monasteri unda yofili- mRvdelmTavrebsa da Tavadaznaurobas. 1815
yo imereTSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi), unda wlis 26 oqtombers egzarqosma varlamma mox-
gadaewyvita saqarTvelo-imereTis sinoda- seneba warudgina saqarTvelos mTavarsardal
lur kantoras da Tavisi mosazreba waredgina nikolai rtiSCevs. egzarqosi Tvlida, rom
sinodisaTvis; imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis saqmeebi
26. Tu eparqiebis mRvdelmTavrebi, arqi- umjobesi iqneboda gadawyvetiliyo saqarTve-
mandritebi da monastris winamZRvrebi gaam- lo-imereTis sinodalur kantoraSi. praqti-
ravlebdnen saeklesio uZrav da moZrav qone- kulad, egzarqosi varlami quTaisSi dikaste-
bas, maTi sarCo gaizrdeboda; riis arsebobas mizanSewonilad ar miiCnevda.
27. sasuliero da saero pirebis xelfasi quTaisis dikasteria gauqmda.
unda gansazRvruliyo Semdegnairad (vercx- 1811-1814 wlebSi jer mcxeTis sapatri-
lis maneTebSi): 1. saqarTvelosa da imere- arqos, xolo Semdeg lixTimereTisa da afxa-
Tis egzarqoss _ 5.000 maneTi; 2. Telvisa da zTa sapatriarqos gauqmeba iyo qarTl-kaxeTisa
saqarTvelo-kavkasiis arqiepiskoposs _ 3.000 da imereTis samefoebis gauqmebis logikuri
maneTi; 3. siRnaRisa da qiziyis mRvdelmTa- gagrZeleba. saxelmwifoebriobisa da eklesiis
vars _ 2.000 maneTi; 4. goris episkopossa da TviTmwyemsobis (avtokefaliis) gauqmebiT ru-
saqarTvelos qorepiskoposs _ 1.500 maneTi; 5. seTis saimperatoro kari cdilobda sanukvari
SuamTis monastris arqimandrits _ 400 maneTi. miznis asrulebas _ saqarTvelos gadaqcevas
saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kan- ruseTis imperiis ganuyofel nawilad.
toraSi unda dawesebuliyo Semdegi xelfase-
bi: 1. prokurors _ 1.000 maneTi; 2. or mdivans
_ 400 maneTi TiToeuls; 3. magidis or ufross
_ 200 maneTi TiToeuls; 4. or mTargmnels _
§3. savaWro da sabaJo politika (XIX saukunis
300 maneTi TiToeuls; 5. or mwerals _ 150
pirveli mesamedi)
maneTi TiToeuls; 6. sakancelario xarjebi-
saTvis _ 500 maneTi. saqarTveloSi damkvidrebisaTvis ruse-
oseTis sasuliero komisiaSi unda dawe- Tis imperias gaaCnda Zlieri iaraRi _ savaWro
312
vaxtang guruli
da sabaJo politika.
politika. igi arafriT gansxvavde- peratorma pavel I-ma (1796-1801) 1801 wlis 10
boda im savaWro da ekonomikuri politiki- marts gamosca kanoni, romelic gamiznuli
sagan, romelsac metropoliebi tradici- iyo inglisis sazRvao vaWrobis SezRudvisaT-
ulad axorcielebdnen koloniebSi. qarTuli vis.. imperatorma aleqsandr I-ma (1801-1825)
vis
samefo-samTavroebis dapyrobis Semdeg ru- Secvala pavel I-is midgoma da liberaluri
seTma miznad daisaxa saqarTvelos bazrebis savaWro politikis gatareba daiwyo. impera-
dapyroba da adgilobrivi bunebrivi simdid- tori miiCnevda, rom unda ganviTarebuliyo
ris eqsplutacia. saqarTvelo unda qceuliyo `Tavisufali
Tavisufali da damoukidebeli vaWroba“. mar-
rusuli samrewvelo saqonlis gasaRebis baz- Talia, Semdeg manve SezRuda Tavisufali
rad, rasac aferxebda Semdegi mizezebi: vaWroba, magram, miuxedavad amisa, aleqsandr
1. saqarTvelos, rogorc evropasa da I vaWrobas mainc Tvlida ``SeZlebisa
SeZlebisa da sim-
azias Soris satranzito qveyanas, ruseTze didris umniSvnelovanes wyarod“. imperato-
adre icnobda evropis savaWro kapitali. es ris Tvalsazriss iziarebda ruseTis impe-
ukanaskneli gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg gaaq- riis vaWrobis ministri nikolai rumiancevi
rumiancevi,,
tiurda, rac ruseTma samegrelos sanapiroze romelmac 1809 wels savaWro politika ase
(redut-kaleSi) 1804 wels fexi moikida, xolo gansazRvra: 1. ruseTSi ucxouri saqonlis
1806 wels baqo daipyro, ris Sedegadac Savsa Semotana (importi) unda SeizRudos mxolod
da kaspiis zRvebs Soris mTliani savaWro ma- imdenad, ramdenadac es aucilebelia Sinagani
gistrali amoqmedda. am gziT ruseTze ukeT vaWrobis ganviTarebisaTvis; 2. yovelmxriv
frangulma savaWro kapitalma isargebla, unda Seewyos xeli ruseTidan saqonlis gata-
raTa kavSiri daemyarebina iransa da indoeT- nasa (eqsportsa) da axali bazrebis aTvisebas;
Tan da gabatonebuli mdgomareoba moepove- 3. SesaZleblobis farglebSi mfarveloba da
bina mTel kavkasiaSi; daxmareba unda gaewios tranzitul vaWrobas.
2. saqarTveloSi didi moTxovnileba ar XIX saukunis damdegidan ruseTi mTeli
iyo rusul samrewvelo saqonelze da qveynis ZalebiT cdilobda saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi
socialuri da ekonomikuri CamorCenilobis Cabmas da rusuli saqonlis ucxoeTSi gata-
gamo am moTxovnilebis swrafi zrdis niSnebic nas, rac sasurveli SedegiT ar mTavrdebo-
ar Canda; da. imavdroulad, ruseTi cdilobda xelSi
3. rusuli samrewvelo saqoneli Caegdo evropasa da azias Soris tranzituli
konkurencias ver uwevda evropidan, konkre- vaWroba.. am SemTxvevaSi didi mniSvneloba eni-
vaWroba
tulad, safrangeTidan Semotanil samrewve- Weboda Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde savaWro
lo saqonels. ruseTis mrewvelobis ganviTa- magistralis efeqturad gamoyenebas. Savi zR-
rebis tempidan gamomdinare, cxadi iyo, rom vis navsadgurebSi saqoneli unda SemoetanaT
aseTi mdgomareoba sakmaod didixans iqneboda odesis, feodosiisa da taganrogis portebidan
portebidan..
SenarCunebuli; ruseTma saqarTveloSi dapyrobiTi politika
4. rusul samrewvelo saqonels saqarT- kargad Seufarda savaWro politikas. saqarT-
veloSi seriozul konkurencias uwevda os- velos dapyrobis pirveli xanebidanve savaWro
maleTidan da iranidan Semotanili saqoneli. politikis miznad saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli
iransa da osmaleTTan saqarTvelos tradici- jaris, samxedro da samoqalaqo biurokratiis
uli vaWroba akavSirebda da am tradiciis SeiaraRebiT, sursaTiTa da samrewvelo saqon-
darRveva ruseTs Zalian gauWirdeboda. liT momarageba iqca. 1802 wlis 2 ivniss saqa-
amrigad, Seiqmna TiTqosda kuriozuli rTvelos mmarTveli piotr kovalenski saqa-
mdgomareoba: saqarTvelo ruseTis mier iyo rTvelos mTavarsardal karl knorings moax-
dapyrobili, magram aq rusuli savaWro kapi- senebda, rom saWirod Tvlida akrZaluliyo
tali ver batonobda, poziciebs mTlianad ev- saqarTvelodan produqtis, nedleulisa da
ropuli da kerZod, franguli savaWro kapita- monetebis gatana. kerZod, ar unda gaetanaT:
li flobda. ufro metic, rusul samrewvelo 1. xorbali; 2. Sinauri cxovelebi (cxenebi, vi-
produqcias konkurencias uwevda osmaleTi- rebi, msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi, cxvrebi);
dan da iranidan Semotanili saqoneli. 3. cxvris matyli da Txis RinRli; 4. saqonlis
1. savaWro politika. XIX saukunis dam- nedli tyavi; 5. rkina da spilenZi (nebadar-
degidan ruseTis imperiis savaWro politi- Tuli unda yofiliyo mxlod spilenZis gata-
kaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi moxda. im- na ruseTSi da rkinis Semotana ruseTidan); 6.
313
ruseTSi moWrili oqrosa da vercxlis mon- viTarebas. samxereT kavkasiasTan urTierTo-

etebi, saqarTvelosa da ucxoeTSi moWrili biT seriozulad iyvnen dainteresebulni rusi
vercxlis monetebi. vaWrebic, magram am process xels uSlidnen
saqarTveloSi vaWrobis ganviTarebaSi Crdilo kavkasiis mTielebi, romlebic xSirad
ruseTis xelisufleba imTaviTve did mniSvn- Tavs esxmodnen savaWro qaravnebs. cicianovi
eloba aniWebda somex vaWrebs, romelTac iran- vaWrobis ganviTarebisaTvis aucileblad mi-
sa da osmaleTSi ukve seriozuli poziciebi iCnevda `mTielTa mtaceblobis alagmvas ka-
hqondaT mopovebuli. imperatori aleqsandr vkasionis gzebze“. mTielTa Tavadasxmebis
I 1802 wlis 26 seqtembris reskriptSi pavel garda, vaWrobis ganviTarebas xels uSlida
cicianovisadmi aRniSnavda: `somxebi, rogorc is, rom kavkasionis mTebSi arsebul gzebze
vaWrobis mimdevari xalxi, romelTa xelSia savaWro qaravnebis mimosvla usafrTxo iyo
aziis mTeli am nawilis vaWroba, imsaxureben Zalze mcire droiT _ 1-15 maiss da 15-30 oq-
Tqvens gansakuTrebul yuradRebas da mfarv- tombers. mTielTa Tavdasxmebi did zarals
elobas. is Cagvra, rasac somxebi iranSi gan- ayenebda vaWrebs. cicianovi imdenad iyo dain-
icdian, ueWvelia, rom am xalxis did raode- teresebuli vaWrobis ganviTarebiT, rom gan-
nobas saqarTveloSi gadmoisvris sacxovre- karguleba gasca vaWrebisaTvis Tavdasxmebis
blad, rogorc ki saqarTveloSi dainaxaven dros miyenebuli zarali aenazRaurebinaT.
wesier mTavrobas da mfarvelobas“. ramden- saqarTveloSi rusuli mmarTvelobis
ime dRis Semdeg ruseTis imperiis finansTa damyarebis pirvel wlebSi (1802-1805 ww.) ru-
ministri cicianovisadmi gamogzavnil wer- suli saqonlis Semotanas didi masStabebi ar
ilSi ganmartavda, Tu ra RonisZiebebi unda miuRia. ruseTTan vaWroba kidev ufro Se-
gaetarebina, imisaTvis, rom somxebi aqtiurad ferxda 1804 wels iranTan, xolo 1806 wels
Cabmuliyvnen regionis savaWro-ekonomikur osmaleTTan dawyebuli omebis Semdeg. amitom
urTierTobebSi. marTalia, ruseTi evropas- iyo, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardal aleqsan-
Tan SedarebiT CamorCenili qveyana iyo, ma- dr tormasovs peterburgidan seriozulad
gram samxreT kavkasiaSi gabatoneba ruseTs usayvedures, rom saTanado RonisZiebebs ar
saSualebas aZlevda Suamavlis roli Sees- atarebda samxreT kavkasiaSi rusuli savaWro
rulebina evropasa da aziasTan vaWrobaSi. XIX kapitalis damkvidrebisaTvis.
saukunis damdegisaTvis iranis mTeli vaWroba 2.. sabaJo politika. XIX saukunis dam-
ingliss epyra xelT, Seuvali iyo inglisis he- degisaTvis saqarTveloSi uamravi Sida saba-
gemonia indoeTTan vaWrobaSi. cxadia, ruseTi Jo arsebobda. 1805 wlis 28 Tebervals pav-
ingliss konkurencias ver gauwevda. 1803 wlis el cicianovi peterburgs moaxsenebda, rom
31 agvistos cicianovi ruseTis imperiis vaW- Sinagani sabaJoebi `gzas uxSoben xelosnobisa
robis ministrisadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi da vaWrobis ganviTarebas“ da amdenad, mZime
aziaSi ruseTis savaWro politikis amocanebs tvirTad awevs mosaxleobaso. saqarTvelos
Semdegnairad gansazRvravda: aziaSi kaspiis mTavarsardali jer kidev 1803 wels moiTxov-
zRvis meSveobiT ruseTis vaWrobis warmate- da Sida sabaJoebis gauqmebas. cicianovis
bebi ganisazRvreba iranTan (mazandaranTan, as- gegmiT, Sida sabaJoebi unda gauqmebuliyo
trabadsa da baqosTan) savaWro urTierTobiT da isini unda daewesebinaT mxolod sazRvre-
da im saqonliT, romelic yandaRaridan iranSi bze. am principiT unda gauqmebuliyo Crdilo
moaqvT. Sav zRvaze ruseTis vaWrobis warmate- kavkasiaSi mozdokis sabaJoc, romelic ru-
bas ganapirobebs samegrelodan da imereTidan seTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg
gemTSeneblobisaTvis saWiro xe-tyis gatana. Sida sabaJod iqca. cicianovis dasabuTebuli
pavel cicianovi imavdroulad aRiarebda, rom moTxovnis Semdeg, 1803 wels, gamoica kanoni,
Savi zRvisa da kaspiis zRvis vaWrobiT dakav- romelic qarTl-kaxeTis yofili samefos
Sireba upiratesad ruseTs regionSi politi- teritoriaze Sida sabaJoebs auqmdebda. ru-
kuri batonobis damyarebisaTvis gamoadgebo- seTis imperatoris 1803 wlis 26 oqtombris
da. brZanebis Tanaxmad, sabaJoebi unda Seqmnili-
pavel cicianovi did mniSvnelobas ani- yo osmaleTis
osmaleTis,, iranisa da imereTis sazRvre-
Webda ruseTidan Crdilo kavkasiis gavliT bze. Sida sabaJoebis gauqmeba Zneli gamodga
saqarTveloSi saqonlis Semotanas da am gziT da amdenad, vaWrebs baJis gadaxda uxdebodaT
ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris vaWrobis gan- rogorc sazRvarze arsebul, ise Sida saba-
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vaxtang guruli
Joebzec. Seqmnili mZime mdgomareobis Sesaxeb Sida sabaJoebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, magram es
cicianovi ruseTis imperators moaxsenebda: mainc ver moxerxda. Sida sabaJoebis nawilo-
àmJamad arsebuli Sida baJebi mas Semdeg, briv SenarCunebas mxars uWerda saqarTvelos
rac daarsebulia sasazRvro sabaJoebi, baJis mTavarsardali ivan gudoviCic. generlis mo-
ormagi akrefiT, sazRvrebze da qalaqebSi, sazreba aisaxa 1808 wlis 13 ivlisis kanonSi.
metismetad amZimeben mosaxleobis begaras, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali Tavis pozicias
Tavisi SedegebiT saqarTveloSi yovelgvari imiT asabuTebda, rom Sida sabaJoebidan miRe-
warmoebis aCrdilsac ki spoben“. saqarTvelos buli Semosavlis gareSe gaZneldeboda kavka-
mTavarsardali daaskvnida: Sida sabaJoebis siis koloniuri administraciis Senaxva.
mospobis gareSe saqarTveloSi vaWroba ver Sida sabaJoebis gauqmeba drois moTxovna
ganviTardeboda da, rac mTavaria, ver ganvi- iyo da is adre Tu gvian gadawydeboda. 1803
Tardeboda ruseTis vaWroba aziis qveynebTan. wlis 13 ivlisis kanoniT Sida baJisagan gan-
miuxedavad cicianovis dasabuTebuli mosaz- Tavisuflda: 1. daRestnidan Semotanili le-
rebisa, ruseTis imperiis finansTa ministri kebis mier damzadebuli saqoneli (nabadi,
Sida sabaJoebis gauqmebis winaaRmdegi iyo. maudi, Sali, Tofi, dambaCa, Taflis sanTeli
ministri Tavis mosazrebas imiT asabuTebda, da gogirdi); 2. soflebidan qalaqebSi Semo-
rom xazina Sida sabaJoebidan miRebul Semo- tanili yovelgvari sursaT-sanovage da nawi-
savals dakargavda. erTaderTi, rasac cici- lobriv Rvinoc, rogorc saarsebo produqti;
anovma miaRwia is iyo, rom ruseTis imperato- 3. erevnidan da yarsidan Semotanili marili,
ris 1804 wlis 4 martis brZanebiT saqarTvelo- romlis naklebobasac saqarTvelos mosaxleo-
Si Sida sabaJoebis ijariT gacema aikrZala ba ganicdida; 4. ruseTidan TbilisSi Semot-
da sabaJoebi xazinis ganmgeblobaSi gadavida. anili da Tbilisidan saqarTvelos bazrebSi
1804-1805 wlebSi mimdinareobda sazRvre- gasuli rusuli nakeTobani. Sida baJiT kvla-
bze sabaJoebis mowyoba, magram samuSaoebi vindeburad ibegreboda: 1. Saqis, Sirvanisa da
1805 wlis bolosac ki ar iyo dasrulebuli. SuSis saxanoebidan Semotanili saqoneli; 2.
saqarTvelos mTavarsardal ivan gudoviCis kaxeTidan, qarTlidan, saqarTvelos muslim-
(1806-1809) dros sabaJo politika Seicvala. uri provinciebidan da ganjidan TbilisSi
1807 wlis 9 Tebervlis kanoniT SeCerda 1803 Semotanili yovelgvari saqoneli. 1808 wlis
wlis 26 oqtombris kanoni saqarTvelos saz- 13 ivliss aleqsandr I-ma xeli moawera meore
Rvrebze sabaJoebis daarsebis Sesaxeb da 1804 kanonsac, romlis ZaliTac qalaq gorsa da
wlis 4 martis brZanebuleba saqarTvelos mTeli qarTlis teritoriaze arsebuli Sida
Sida sabaJoebis ijariT gacemis akrZalvis sabaJoebi kvlav ijariT gaica kerZo pirebze.
Sesaxeb. 1807 wlis 30 seqtembers aleqsandr qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebis mier mcxeTis
I-ma gamosca brZaneba, romliTac ZalaSi Se- sakaTalikosos miniWebuli hqonda baJis akre-
vida 1804 wlis 4 martis brZaneba, mxolod im fis ufleba. 1810 wels ruseTis saxelmwifo
gagebiT, rom ruseTidan saqarTveloSi Semo- sabWom daadgina: `gauqmdes kaTalikosebis
tanili saqoneli ar dabegriliyo Sida baJiT. sasargeblod dadebuli baJis akrefa, ris
amrigad, saqarTveloSi Sida baJi moispo, ma- sanacvlodac saqarTvelos Semosavlebidan
gram moispo mxolod rusuli saqonlisaTvis. kaTalikosebs wliurad mieceT 2.665 maneTi.
qarTuli da ucxouri saqonelisaTvis kvlav saqarTveloSi Sida sabaJoebis mTlianad
Zveleburad unda exadaT baJi. amrigad, ru- gauqmeba XIX saukunis 20-iani wlebis damdegi-
seTis xelisufleba xelsayrel pirobebs uqmn- dan daiwyo. 1821 wlis agvistos kanoniT gau-
ida saqarTveloSi rusuli nawarmis Semotanas, qmda duSeTisa da ananuris sabaJoebSi Rvinosa
aferxebda qarTuli saqonlis gadatanas qvey- da Tevzeulze dawesebuli baJi, xolo 1822
nis erTi nawilidan meoreSi da, rac mTavaria, wels gauqmda baJi, romelsac rusul saqon-
ucxouri samrewvelo produqciis Semotanas elze ixdidnen duSeTis sabaJoze.
saqarTveloSi.. am politikis gamoxatulebas
saqarTveloSi 3. saSinao da sagareo vaWroba. saqarT-
warmoadgenda 1807 wlis 29 noembris kanoni, velos bazarze gabatonebisaTvis ruseTi jer
romelic saqarTveloSi ucxoeTidan kontra- kidev qveynis dapyrobamde emzadeboda. am
bandul saqonelze kontrolis gamkacrebas mimarTulebiT realuri nabijebi XIX saukunis
iTvaliswinebda. movlenebi ise viTardeboda, damdegidan gadaidga.
rom ZalaSi unda Sesuliyo 1803 wlis kanoni saSinao vaWroba
vaWroba.. ruseTis xelisufleba
315
iZulebuli iyo xelsayreli pirobebi Seeqmna basa da miwaTmoqmedebas eweodnen. 1804 wels
Sida vaWrobis ganviTarebisaTvis. es saqarT- qalaq mozdokSi 811 qarTveli da 1.411 somexi
veloSi poziciebis ganmtkicebisaTvis iyo cxovrobda, rac qalaqis mTeli mosaxleo-
aucilebeli. am TvalsazrisiT aucileblad bis 63%-s Seadgenda. mozdokSi qarTvelebi
iqna miCneuli Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiis saukeTeso xaratebad da oqromWedlebad iT-
savaWro urTierTobiT dakavSireba. 1800 wels vlebodnen, amzadebdnen spilenZis saukeTeso
kvlav amoqmedda `mozdok_Tbilisis
`mozdok_Tbilisis kordo- nakeTobebs. amrigad, saqarTvelos Crdilo
ni“.. am gzas didi samxedro-ekonomikuri mniS-
ni“ kavkasiasTan dakavSireba da savaWro urTier-
vneloba eniWeboda, ris gamoc mis dacvaze Tobis damyareba gaaZlierebda qarTvelTa
ruseTis xelisufleba zrunavda. mozdok- poziciebs Crdilo kavkasiaSi.
Tbilisis gzaze Semdegi monakveTebi arsebob- Sida vaWrobis ganviTareba aucilebeli
da: mozdoki _ mcire yabardo (25 versi), mcire iyo saqalaqo cxovrebis aRmavlobisaTvis.
yabardo _ mdinare kombule (25 versi), mdinare 1808 wels TbilisSi rusi moxeleebisa da samx-
kombule _ kavkavi (Zaugi) (30 versi), kavkavi _ edro garnizonis garda 18.000 mcxovrebi iyo
balTa (10 versi), balTa _ larsi (10 versi), lar- aRricxuli, 1820 wels _ daaxloebiT 24.000.
si _ dariali (10 versi), dariali _ stefanwmin- 1825 wels Tbilisis 33.000 mcxovrebidan 6.000
da (17 versi), setafanwminda _ kobi (15 versi), rusi moxele da samxedro iyo. Sida vaWrobis
kobi _ kaiSauri (16 versi), kaiSauri _ ananuri ganviTarebisa da Tbilisis bazris mTeli dat-
_ duSeTi (60 versi). es gza 1803 wels pavel virTviT amuSavebis gareSe kavkasiis kolon-
cicianovis wardgenili proeqtiT (,,aleqsan- iuri administraciis centri sursaTiTa da
dres gza“) unda SeekeTebinaT, gaemagrebinaT, sxva aucilebeli produqtiT momaragebis ga-
sayarauloebi da sadgurebi moewyoT, raTa reSe darCeboda.
samxdro Tu savaWro qaravnebisaTvis minim- sagareo vaWroba. XIX saukunis damdegs
aluri pirobebi mainc SeeqmnaT. 1803 wlis 26 Sedgenil oficialur mimoxilvaSi aRniSnu-
Tebervals cicianovi ruseTis imperators lia, rom Tbilisis vaWrobaSi mniSvnelovan
swerda: àm gzis iseT mdgomareobamde miyvana, rols asrulebdnen saqarTveloSi mcxovre-
rom jaris, artileriis da saWiro saWurvlis bi somxebi, gacilebiT mcires _qarTvelebi
saqarTveloSi miwodeba didi jafisa da saxa- da ucxoelebi. amasTanave, ucxoel vaWrebs
zino zaralis gareSe SeiZlebodes, dajdeba Tbilisel vaWarTa korporaciis mier akrZa-
aranakleb 200.000 maneTisa“. saqarTvelos luli hqondaT maT mier Semotanili saqon-
mTavarsardali iqve aRniSnavda, rom am gzaze lis calobiT an arSinobiT gayidva, unda
zemoT xsenebuli tvirTis gadatana xazinas gaeyidaT mxolod biTumad an TofobiT. Tu
yovelwliurad 50.000 maneTamde ujdeboda. ra saxis saqoneli Seadgenda sagareo vaWro-
imperatorma cicianovis wardgenili saqarT- bis sagans (importsa da eqsports) XIX sauku-
velos samxedro gzis aRdgenisa da SekeTebis nis pirvel wlebSi, ucnobia. cnobebi mxolod
proeqti daamtkica. samuSaoebze adgilobriv 1808 wlidan mogvepoveba. ufro zusti da mra-
mosaxleobas masobrivad iyenebdnen, Tumca valmxrivia 1812 wels Sedgenili dokumenti.
gzis aRdgenisa da SekeTebis proeqti bo- mis mixedviT, Tbilisel vaWrebs yovelwliu-
lomde ver ganxorcielda. arada, Crdilo karad ruseTSi, moskovisa da makarevis bazro-
vkasiasTan savaWro urTierTobis ganviTareba bebze, 3.000 fuTamde abreSumis parki da didi
aucilebeli iyo, Tundac imitom, rom Crdi- raodenobiT narTi gahqondaT. Tbiliseli
lo kavkasiaSi bevri qarTveli cxovrobda. vaWrebi saqarTveloSi 1 fuT abreSums saSua-
1802 wlis monacemebiT qalaq yizlarSi 673 lod 90 vercxlis maneTad yidulobdnen, e.i.
qarTveli da 1.622 somexi iyo aRricxuli, rac mxolod abreSumiT vaWrobis wliuri brunva
mTeli qalaqis mosaxleobis 73%-s Seadgenda; udrida daaxloebiT 270.000 vercxlis maneTs.
1804 wels qalaq astraxanSi 7.343 qarTveli 1816 wels q. makarevSi xanZarma gaanadgura
da somexi cxovrobda, rac qalaqis mTeli didi savaWro qarvasla. ruseTis imperatoris
mosaxleobis 29%-s Seadgenda. yizlarSi qa- brZanebiT, 1817 wels bazroba gadatanili iqna
rTvelebi xelosnobas, xolo somxebi xelos- q. niJni novgorodSi da amieridan Tbiliseli
nobas da vaWrobas misdevdnen. astraxanSic qa- vaWrebic iq miemgzavrebodnen.
rTvelebi xelosnobas, xolo qalaqis maxlo- 1812 wels Sedgenili oficialuri mi-
bel soflebSi meabreSumeobas, mesaqonleo- moxilvis Tanaxmad, q. Tbiliss regularuli
316
vaxtang guruli
komerciuli kavSiri hqonda osmaleTis qa- dambaCebi, xanjlebi, xmlebi, nabadi, qurqi,
laqebTan: arzrumTan, baiazeTTan, axalcixesa Taflis sanTeli); baqodan (rkina, navTobi, Te-
da yarsTan. am qalaqebis meSveobiT Tbiliseli vzi, xizilala, saneleblebi, Saqari, limoni);
vaWrebi ukavSirdebodnen osmaleTis sxva qa- yarabaRidan, Sirvanidan, ganjidan (rkina da
laqebs, maT Soris, stambols
stambols.. iranis qalaqe- rkinis nakeTobani, abreSumis parki, abreSumis
bidan qarTveli vaWrebi Cadiodnen TavrizSi
TavrizSi,, narTi da qsovili, Sabi); nuxidan (mravalgavri
TeiranSi, ispahanSi.
ispahanSi. Tbiliseli vaWrebisTvis fardagi, maudi, abreSumis parki da narTi,
xelsayreli iyo im dros ruseTis mier ira- xizilala, damarilebuli Tevzi).
nisaTvis warTmeul qalaqebTan: yubasTan, gan- 1809 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi
jasTan, baqosTan, SirvanTan, nuxasTan, SuSas- aziis qveynebidan yovelwliurad Semohqon-
Tan _ komerciuli kavSirebi, aseve, jer kidev daT 800.000 vercxlis maneTis Rirebulebis
iranis SemadgenlobaSi arsebul qalaqebTan: saqoneli. am TanxaSi ar Sedis ruseTidan Se-
xoisTan, naxWevanTan, erevanTan _ vaWroba. mosuli produqciis Rirebuleba.
zusti cnobebi ar mogvepoveba osmaleTsa 1800-1810 wlebSi Tbilisel vaWrebs saqa-
da iranidan Semotanili saqonlis raodeno- rTvelodan aziis qveynebSi gahqondaT Semdegi
baze, radgan saqonlis didi nawili Tbilisis saxis saqoneli:
sabaJos gverdis avliT Semodioda. arsebuli iranSi:: ruseTis bazrobebze SeZenili
iranSi
dokumentebis mixedviT, 1800-1810 wlebSi fabrika-qarxnebsa da manufaqturebSi damza-
saqarTveloSi SemohqondaT: debuli maudi, CiTi, farCa, tyavi, xaverdi, be-
ruseTidan:: foladi, Tuji, rkina, kala,
ruseTidan wveuli, saRebavi, endro, qarTuli oqroqso-
dambaCebi, Tofebi, qaRaldi, bambis qsovili, vili da vercxlqsovili;
tilo, maudi, qurqi, bewveuli, gvarjila, Saqa- osmaleTSi:: qarTuli oqroqsovili da
osmaleTSi
ri, marili, Roris qoni, damarilebuli Tevzi, vercxlqsovili, cxenis mosarTavi mowy-
damuSavebuli tyavi, fexsacmeli, tansacmeli, obiloba, kameCis tyavi, Tafli, Tevzi, qoni,
WurWeli (SuSis, brolisa da faifuris), saa- xizilala, cxvris matyli, rusuli bewveuli.
fTiaqo mowyobiloba da wamlebi, saeklesio Tbilisidan saqoneli gahqondaT: daRes-
nivTebi, wignebi, saxelosno instrumentebi tanSi (spilenZi, wiTeli Rvino, bambis qsovi-
da sxv. odesis portis gavliT saqarTveloSi li, narma, CiTi, rusuli tilo); nuxaSi, baqosa,
Semodioda evropuli saqoneli. Sirvansa, yarabaRsa, Semaxiasa da ganjaSi (rusu-
indoeTidan:: foladi, xanjlisa da xmlis
indoeTidan li nawarmi, qarTuli wiTeli Rvino, spilenZi).
pirebi, Zvirfasi Tvlebi (margaliti, zurmux- 1812-1821 wlebSi saqarTveloSi mniS-
ti, lali, iagundi, almasi, firuzi), mraval- vnelovnad gaizarda saqonlis brunva. 1812
nairi ferisa da xarisxis Sali, narma, saRe- wels Semoitanes 250.682 maneTis saqoneli,
bavebi. gaitanes _ 17.938 maneTisa; 1813 wels Semoi-
iranidan:: Sali, farCa, oqroqsovili,
iranidan tanes 1. 390.114 maneTis, gaitanes _ 104.315
vercxlqsovili, abreSumis mandilebi da Tav- maneTisa; 1814 wels Semoitanes 1.185.864 ma-
sakravebi, atlasi, sabnisa da baliSis pirebi, neTis, gaitanes _ 100.524 maneTisa; 1815 wels
CiTi, tilo, Saqari, marili, CamiCi, wamlebi, Semoitanes 864.888 maneTis, gaitanes _ 93.928
saRebavi, nelsacxeblebi, fardagebi, TivTiki, maneTisa; 1816 wels Semoitanes 1.295.138 ma-
Zvirfasi qvebi, WurWeli. neTis, gaitanes _ 112.334 maneTisa; 1821 wels
osmaleTidan:: rkina, foladi, kala, sxa-
osmaleTidan Semoitanes 1.726. 744 maneTisa, gaitanes _
vadasxva xarisxisa da feris mandilebi da 182.023 maneTisa.
Tavsakravebi, oqroqsovili, vercxlqsovili, 4. SeRavaTiani tranziti da vaWroba (1821-
abreSumqsovili, sakmeveli, yava, Saqari, Cai, 1831 ww.). samegrelos samTavrosa da imereTis
yovelgvari sanelebeli, zeTisxili, vardis samefos qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis (1803-1804
zeTi, zeiTunis zeTi, selis zeTi, qarva, mar- ww.), baqos dapyrobis (1806 w.), 1813 wlis gu-
jani, gogridi, gvarjila, mravalgvari dana lisTanis zaviT iranis teritoriis mniS-
da makrateli, saxelosno instrumentebi, vnelovani nawilis (yarabaRis, ganjis, Saqis,
Tambaqo, limoni, brolisa da SuSis WurWeli, Sirvanis, derbentis, yubis, baqos, TaliSis
sarkeebi. saxanoebis) miRebis Semdeg ruseTs samxreT
TbilisSi didi raodenobis saqoneli kavkasiis satranzito magistralis srulad
Semodioda: yubidan da daRestnidan (Tofebi, gamoyenebis saSualeba mieca. samxreT kavkasi-
317
is satranzito magistralze ruseTma Tavidanve vaslebis mowyoba;

aamoqmeda imperiis sabaJo tarifi, romelic 7. Savi zRvis sanapiroze rusi da ucxoeli
metad proteqcionistuli xasiaTisa iyo. vaWrebis mier Semotanili saqonlis misaRebad
1810 wlis sabaJo debulebam ukve sabolood gamoyofili iyo yulevis (redut-kales)
daakanona ucxour saqonelze maRali tarifi. navsadguri. ruseTs unda ezruna sxva ufro
kanoniT akrZaluli ar iyo yulevSi (redut- mosaxerxebeli navsadguris mowyobisaTvis.
kaleSi) ucxouri savaWro gemebis Semosvla, amrigad, 1821 wlis 8 oqtombris kanoniT
magram didi baJi vaWrobas aferxebda. 1816 da ucxoelma vaWrebma didi SeRavaTebi miiRes,
1819 wlebis sabaJo tarifebi erTgvar Semo- rac xels uwyobda evropuli savaWro kapi-
brunebas warmoadgenda ruseTis sabaJo poli- talis mozidvas.
tikaSi. mkvidrdeboda ufro zomierad mfarv- SeRavaTiani savaWro tarifis dawesebis
elobiTi sabaJo tarifi. 1817 wels miiRes Semdeg mTeli datvirTviT amoqmedda samxreT
e.w. àziuri
àziuri tarifi~,
tarifi~, romelic vrceldeboda kavkasiis satranzito magistrali. ruseTidan
iranul da osmalur saqonelze. iranidan da da dasavleT evropidan saqoneli Semodioda
osmaleTidan Semosuli produqcia gacilebiT yulevis navsadgurSi, sadac dawesebuli iyo
dabali tarifiT ibegreboda, vidre evropis karantini. yulevidan Tbilisisaken saqoneli
qveynebidan Semotanili. 1818 wels iranidan gadahqondaT rogorc urmebiTa da sasapalne
Semotanil saqonelze dawesda 5%-iani baJi, cxovelebiT, ise samdinaro gziT. rogorc ze-
rac Zalze dabali iyo. 1821 wlis 8 oqtomb- moT iyo aRniSnuli, samdinaro gza gadioda
ers ruseTSi miiRes axali sabaJo kanoni, rom- mdinare xobze, mis Senakad mdinare civze civze,,
lis moqmedebis vada aTi wliT (1822 wlis 1 mdinare civi foTidan 22 versis moSorebiT
ivlisidan 1832 wlis 1 ivlisamde) iyo gansaz- arxiT uerTdeboda mdinare rions rions.. am arxis
Rvruli. am kanonis ZaliT, ucxoelma vaWrebma gayvana imitom iyo aucilebeli, rom foTSi
didi SeRavaTebi miiRes: 1829 wlamde osmaleTis garnizoni idga. rion-
1. ruseTis qveSevrdom da ucxoel vaW- iT tvirTi mihqondaT quTaisamde. saxmeleTo
rebs, romlebic aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, daw- gza yulevidan gadioda sofel senakze
senakze,, gada-
yebuli 1822 wlis 1 ivlisidan, saqarTveloSi kveTda mdinare cxeniswyals
cxeniswyals,, sofel marni-
daaarsebdnen savaWro saxlebs da Seudgebod- dan ramdenime versiT CrdiloeTiT, saidanac
nen biTumad vaWrobas, mieniWebodaT pirveli xonis gavliT miemarTeboda quTaisisaken
quTaisisaken..
gildiis vaWris uflebebi am gildiis vaWrebi- quTaisidan suramamde saqoneli urmebiTa da
saTvis dawesebuli yovelgvari mosakreblis sasapalne cxovelebiT gadahqondaT. surami-
gadaxdis gareSe; dan saqoneli mtkvriT TbilisSi Camodioda.
2. rusi da ucxoeli vaWrebi Tavisufl- zogjer suramidan Tbilisamde tvirTis ga-
debodnen saqarTveloSi dawesebuli yovel- dasatanad urmebsa da sasapalne cxovelebs
gvari gadasaxadisa da begrisagan, xolo maTi iyenebdnen. Tbilisidan baqomde saqoneli
saxlebi da maRaziebi _ samxedro mdgmurebis ZiriTadad mtkvris sanaosno gziT, an urme-
Casaxlebisa da samxedro begrisagan. maT unda biTa da sasapalne cxovelebiT gadahqondaT.
gadaexadaT mxolod adgilobrivi saqalaqo Tbilisidan baqomde manZili 485 versi iyo.
gadasaxadi, rogorc saxlebis mflobelT; SeRavaTiani sabaJo tarifis moqmedebis
3. yvela rus da ucxoel vaWars neba periodSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda ucxoeTi-
eZleoda saqarTveloSi SeeZina da gaeyida uZ- dan Semotanili da ucxoeTSi gatanili saqon-
ravi qoneba im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu ucxoeli lis raodenoba. 1812-1821 wlebSi Semoitanes
vaWari ruseTis qveSevrdomi ar iyo; 5.812.495 vercxlis maneTis Rirebulebis
4. ruseTis qveSevrdom da ucxoel vaW- saqoneli, gaitanes 964.151 vercxlis maneTis
rebs mTavroba saqarTveloSi dauTmobda mi- Rirebulebisa; 1822-1831 wlebSi Semoitanes
webs im fasad, rogoradac miwa iyideboda ru- 17.085.118 vercxlis maneTis Rirebulebis
seTis qveSevrdomebze; saqoneli, gaitanes 7.005.735 vercxlis mane-
5. ucxoeTidan saqarTveloSi Semotani- Tis Rirebulebisa.
li yovelgvari saqoneli daibegreboda ga- 1821-1831 wlebSi TbilisSi mTeli dat-
mocxadebuli fasis 5%-iT; virTviT moqmedebda qarvaslebi
qarvaslebi.. oficialuri
6. Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvisken mimaval monacemebiT, am wlebSi TbilisSi Semdegi qar-
gzebze rus da ucxoel vaWrebs SeeZloT qarvaslebi arsebobda:
318
vaxtang guruli
1. batoniSvilebis qarvasla (sionis taZ- uTSi, banis qedSi

uTSi, qedSi,, jumaTSi (guria), yulevSi
yulevSi,,
ris gverdiT). qarvasla XVII saukuneSi, ros- murSi,, senakSi (samegrelo).
murSi
tom mefis dros, aSenda. es qarvasla 1799 wels SeRavaTian sabaJo tarifs ruseTSi se-
giorgi XII-m Tavis rZals, daviT batoniSvilis riozuli mowinaaRmdegeebi gamouCnda, rac
meuRles, elenes, uboZa. 1803 wels pavel ci- obieqturi mizezebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.
cianovma sionis taZris rekonstruqciisaT- SeRavaTianma sabaJo tarifma gamanadgure-
vis ruseTis xazinas 10.000 maneTi sTxova da beli dartyma miayena ruseTis mrewvelo-
imave dros batoniSvilebis qarvaslis sionis bas. ucxourma, gansakuTrebiT evropulma,
taZrisaTvis gadacema moindoma. ruseTis im- saqonelma saqarTvelos bazari daipyro. 1825
peratorma qarvasla daviT batoniSvilis sa- wels ruseTis imperiis finansTa ministrma
kuTrebaSi datova. qarvaslas hqonda 62 sas- egor kankrinma moiTxova: 1. saqarTveloSi
tumro oTaxi, 30 savaWro duqani, saqonlis unda akrZaluliyo im saqonlis Semotana,
sawyobebi, Rvinis sardafi, 15 saxelosno da romelic akrZaluli iyo ruseTSi; 2. saqa-
didi ezo sasapalne pirutyvisaTvis; rTveloSi saxmeleTo gziT (e. i. iranidan da
2. arwrunis qarvasla (sionis taZrisa da osmaleTidan) Semotanil ucxour saqonelze
batoniSvilebis qarvaslis pirdapir, (dRe- unda darCeniliyo 5%-iani sabaJo tarifi; 3.
vandeli sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis yulevSi zRviT Semotanil ucxour saqonelze
Senoba). qarvasla 1818 wels aSenda. mas hqonda unda dawesebuliyo baJi saimperio tarifis
33 sastumro oTaxi da 25 duqani, sawyobebi da mixedviT (25-50%); 4. vaWrobaSi qarTvelTa
sardafebi; waxalisebis mizniT qarTvel vaWrebs odesidan
3. bebuTovebis qarvasla bnel rigSi; yulevSi saqonlis Setanis ufleba eZleodaT;
4. korxmaz meliqovis qarvasla,
qarvasla, aSenda 5. marTalia, qarTvel vaWrebs biTumad vaW-
1828 wels; robisaTvis kapitali ar gaaCndaT, magram maT
5. sarajiSvilis qarvasla aSenda 1823 satranzito vaWrobaSi monawileobis ufleba
wels, mas 18 sastumro oTaxi, 5 duqani da 9 unda miscemodaT. kavkasiis mTavarsardali
sawyobi hqonda; aleqsei ermolovi (1816-1827), romlis inicia-
6. sarqisovis qarvasla,
qarvasla, aSenda 1820 wels, tiviTac iqna miRebuli 1821 wlis 8 oqtombris
mas 30 sastumro oTaxi, 73 duqani, sawyobebi kanoni, winaaRmdegobas uwevda ruseTis impe-
da sardafebi hqonda; riis finansTa ministrs da SeRavaTiani saba-
7. xojevanqis taZris qarvasla aSenda 1820 Jo tarifis SenarCunebas iTxovda. 1825 wels
wels, mas 24 savaWro daraba hqonda. ermolovis mosazrebaTa winaaRmdeg finansTa
SeRavaTiani sabaJo tarifis moqmedebis saministros komisiam Semdegi mosazrebebi
wlebSi TbilisSi vaWroba imdenad gaizarda, warmoadgina: 1. iranidan Semotanili saqoneli
rom 1827 wels saWirod iqna miCneuli Tbili- damRupvelad moqmedebda ruseTis safeiqro
sis bazrobis mowyoba. ganzraxuli iyo bazro- mrewvelobaze, irans, romelic fexs ikidebda
bis oqtomberSi gamarTva. ruseTis imperiis kaspiis zRvaze, did mogebas aZlevda, xolo
finansTa ministris, Sinagan saqmeTa minis- ruseTs samxedro safrTxes uqmnida; 2. SeRa-
trisa da senatis gadawyvetilebiT Tbilisis vaTiani sabaJo tarifis pirobebSi saqarT-
bazroba pokrovskis bazrobis saxelwodebiT velodan ucxoeTSi gadioda didi raodenobiT
unda daarsebuliyo. bazroba 1828 wlis 10 oq- fulis masa (ZiriTadad vercxlis moneta); 3.
tombers gaixsna. bazroba SeRavaTiani sabaJo saqarTvelom da saerTod, samxreT kavkasiam
tarifis gauqmebidan maleve, 1832 wels daix- SeRavaTiani sabaJo tarifiT veranairi moge-
ura. saqarTveloSi arsebuli sxva bazrobebi- ba ver naxa da isev pirvandel mdgomareobaSi
dan aRsaniSnavia alaverdis bazroba (kaxeTSi), darCa; 4. Tu saqarTveloSi adgilobriv vaW-
sadac ZiriTadad Crdilo kavkasielebi (le- rebs biTumad vaWroba ar SeeZloT, amas SeRa-
kebi) vaWrobdnen. quTaisis bazroba imereTis, vaTiani sabaJo tarifi ver uSvelida, radgan
samegrelosa da guriisaTvis iyo gamiznuli, es vaWrebi zarmacebi iyvnen; 5. marTalia, Se-
xolo baRdadis bazroba (imereTSi)_ osmaleT- RavaTiani sabaJo tarifis pirobebSi TbilisSi
sa da imereTs Soris vaWrobisaTvis. adgilo- vaWroba gamococxlda, magram, amasTan erTad,
brivi mniSvnelobis bazrobebi moqmedebda: Tbiliselma vaWrebma savsebiT Sewyvites vaW-
xonSi,, CxarSi
xonSi CxarSi,, saCxereSi ((qvemo
qvemo da zemo imere- roba astraxanTan. winaT qarTveli da somexi
Ti), onSi (raWa), dvabzuSi
dvabzuSi,, nagomarSi
nagomarSi,, lanCx- vaWrebi saqonels yidulobdnen ara laipcigSi
319
(germania), aramed makarevis, moskovis da ru- velos istoriul teritoriaze demografi-

seTis sxva bazrobebze; 6. SeRavaTiani sabaJo uli viTarebis qarTvelTa sazianod SecvlaSecvla..
tarifis gauqmeba aucilebeli iyo ruseTSi 1804-1813 wlebSi, saqarTveloSi ruseTis wi-
mrewvelobis ganviTarebisaTvis. naaRmdeg mimdinare ajanyebebis dros, bevri
aleqsei ermolovis Semdeg SeRava- qarTveli daiRupa, kidev ufro meti imsxver-
Tian sabaJo tarifs icavdnen kavkasiis mTa- pla mousavlianobiT gamowveulma SimSiliano-
varsardlebi ivan paskeviCi (1827-1831) da bam da Savma Wirma. yovelive amis Sedegad
grigori rozeni (1831-1837). miuxedavad amisa, 1813 wlisaTvis 1801 welTan SedarebiT saqa-
1831 wlis 3 ivnisis kanoniT SeRavaTiani sa- rTveloSi qarTvelTa xvedriTi wili mniS-
baJo tarifi gauqmda. axali kanonis ZaliT: 1. vnelovnad Semcirda.
Semcirda. imavdroulad mudmivad
aziur saqonelze isev ZalaSi darCa 5%-iani izrdeboda araqarTveli mosaxleobis raode-
baJi; 2. samxreT kavkasiaSi evropuli saqon- noba. jer kidev 1804 wels erevnis saxanoze
lis Semotana nebadarTuli iyo mxolod Savi laSqrobisas pavel cicianovma TbilisSi gad-
zRvis portebidan, sadac saqoneli daibegre- moasaxla daaxloebiT 2.000 somexi.
boda evropuli sabaJo tarifis mixedviT; 3. 1. rusuli kolonizaciis gegma. 1803-
samxreT kavkasiis portebidan (yulevi, foTi, 1804 wlebSi samegrelos samTavro, imereTis
baqo) SeiZleboda mxolod iseTi saqonlis samefo da guriis samTavro ruseTis imperiis
Semotana, romlis realizeba zians ar mou- qveSevrdomobaSi Sevidnen. ukve 1805 wels ru-
tanda ruseTis fabrikul nawarms. samxreT seTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile
kavkasiidan adgilobrivi da rusuli saqon- adam Cartoriski pavel cicianovs swerda:
lis gatana saerTod Tavisufldeboda baJisa- `ruseTis mier axlad SeZenil Savi zRvis sana-
gan; 4. samxreT kavkasiidan ruseTSi ucxouri piroebze safuZvlianad gabatonebisa da aseve
saqonlis Setana savsebiT aikrZala. iqedan momavalSi didi sargeblobis miRebi-
SeRavaTiani sabaJo tarifis gauqmebi- saTvis, me mgonia, rom araviTari RonisZieba
dan 4 wlis Semdeg kavkasiis mTavarsardalma ar iqneba ise realuri, rogorc rus kolo-
grigoli rozenma scada 1821 wlis 8 oqtom- nistTa dasaxleba samegreloSi“. ruseTis xe-
bris kanoniT dawesebuli SeRavaTebis aRd- lisuflebas yvelaze ufro mizanSewonilad
gena, magram uSedegod. 1836 wels gamocemuli miaCnda saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiroze
imperatoris brZanebis Tanaxmad, 1831 wlis 3 Crdilokavkasieli (yubanisa da Tergis) ka-
ivnisis kanoniT dawesebuli savaWro tarifi zakebis gadmosaxleba
gadmosaxleba.. kazakebis samudamod
ZalaSi darCa. es brZaneba 1846 wlamde moq- dasaxleba saqarTveloSi momgebiani iyo os-
medebda. maleTTan omebis SemTxvevaSic. kazakebs
SeRavaTian sabaJo tarifs sruli 10 weli orgvari misia ekisrebodaT: miwaTmoqmedebis
ar umoqmedia, igi 6 TviT adre iqna SeCerebu- ganviTareba da omebSi monawileoba. saqarT-
li. 1831 wels SeRavaTiani tarifis gauqmebam velos kolonizaciasTan dakavSirebiT Carto-
sagareo vaWrobas mZime dartyma miayena. SeRa- riskim cicianovs SekiTxvebi gamougzavna. am
vaTiani tarifis dawesebamde wina aTwleul- SekiTxvebze pasuxi gasca rusma moxele piotr
Si (1812-1821 ww.) baJidan miRebuli saSualo litvinovma.. ai, es kiTxvebi da pasuxebi:
litvinovma
wliuri Semosavali 18.538 vercxlis maneTs kiTxva 1:
1: aris Tu ara samegreloSi, foT-
udrida, xolo SeRavaTiani sabaJo tarifis sa da anaklias Soris, ukacrieli miwebi?
moqmedebis periodSi (1822-1831 ww.) sabaJodan pasuxi:: samegrelos kuTvnil Savi zR-
pasuxi
miRebulma wliurma Semosavalma 77.318 vercx- vis sanapiroze ar aris dasaxlebisa da puris
lis maneTs miaRwia. es imas niSnavs, rom ruse- moyvanisaTvis arc erTi saJeni(1 saJeni =2,1336
Tis xazinam seriozuli zarali ganicada. metrs) vargisi miwa.
kiTxva 2:
2: saxeldobr, ra adgilebSi ufro
mosaxerxebeli da xelsayrelia koloniis
mowyoba?
pasuxi:: es kolonia SeiZleba daarsdes
pasuxi
§4. ruseTis imperiis demografiuli politika
mdinare enguris gaswvriv, zRvidan 30 versis
saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis pirveli mesamedi)
manZilze, afxazeTis sazRvarze, sadac mrav-
ruseTis imperiis demografiuli poli- lad aris ukacrieli adgili, niadagi mSralia,
tikis umTavres mizans warmoadgenda saqarT- ar icis wyaldidoba, miwebi noyieria, wyali
320
vaxtang guruli
janmrTelia. kolonia isargeblebs aqauri rom Savi zRvis sanapiroze kazakTa dasaxleba
mdidari bunebiT da imave dros sazRvars ara marto sargeblobas ar moitanda, aramed
daudebs afxazTa mtaceblobas. mavnebelic iqneboda, radgan Crdilo kack-
kiTxva 3:
3: Tu miwebi ar aris sakmarisi, xom asieli kazakebi mtaceblobisaken yvelaze
ar SeiZleba dasaxlebisaTvis saWiro raode- ufro metad iyvnen midrekilni da maTi saqa-
nobis miwis miReba dadianisagan nebayoflo- rTveloSi gadmosaxleba cecxlze navTis
biTi daTmobis safuZvelze? dasxma iqneboda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
pasuxi:: miwebi da tye friad sakmarisia.
pasuxi ruseTis imperators sTxovda, rom Tergis ka-
kiTxva 4:: frTxili, moiarebiTi SekiTxve- zakebi iqve daetovebina da Tu kazakTa gad-
biT gagebul iqnas samegrelos warCinebuli mosaxleba saqarTveloSi mainc aucileblad
Tavadebis azri da ganwyobileba da Semowmdes, iqneboda miCneuli, maSin doneli kazakebi
xom ar gamoiwvevs es wamowyeba mosaxleobis gadmoesaxlebinaT.
SfoTsa da Zlier gacxarebas? 1811 wels feodosiis qalaqisTavi, msx-
pasuxi:: ara Tu ar ewinaaRmdegebian mas
pasuxi vili vaWari semion bronevski da xersonis
aqauri dedofali (igulisxmeba grigol da- samxedro gubernatori SuamdgomlobiT Se-
dianis meuRle nino, romelic mTavris gar- vidnen ruseTis imperiis samxedro, finansTa
dacvalebis Semdeg ganagebda samTavros _ v. da Sinagan saqmeTa ministrebis winaSe, raTa
g.) da pirveli Tavadebi, aramed isini xelm- Savi zRvis sanapiroze, mdinareebs yubansa da
wifis am ganzraxvaSi xedaven maTdami guli- rions Soris, moewyoT samxedro begaramox-
Tad siyvaruls. dil rus jariskacTa koloniebi.
koloniebi. es koloniebi
kiTxva 5:
5: mdinareebs rionsa da xobs Soris unda gadaqceuliyo rusi vaWrebis dasayrde-
mdebare samegrelos nawilSi wyaldidobisas nad anatolieli (osmalo) vaWrebis winaaRmdeg
mdinareebis kalapotidan gadasvliT Walebi brZolaSi, rac regionSi osmaleTis gavlenis
weliwadSi ramdenjerme ifareba wyliT, maSa- savsebiT mospobas Seuwyobda xels. Savi zR-
sadame, Waobdeba da haeric araa janmrTeli. vis sanapiroze rusuli koloniebis daarseba
es dabrkoleba metad mniSvnelovania da Tu imxanad Seqmnili araxelsayreli politikuri
is marTla arsebobs, xom ar aris SesaZle- viTarebis gamo ver ganxorcielda.
bloba kolonistebi dasaxldnen ufro zemoT, 1812 wels TbilisSi Sedga saqarTvelos
janmrTel adgilebSi? Tavisufali miwebis kolonizaciis proeqti.
pasuxi:: mdinareebs rionsa da xobs Soris
pasuxi proeqtis avtori moiTxovda, rom ruseTis
dasaxleba arsad ar SeiZleba. kolonia unda imperiaSi sajarod gamocxadebuliyo saqa-
moewyos xobsa da engurs Soris. aqauri miwebi rTvelos kolonizaciis pirobebi, raTa wae-
bevrad ukeTesia da mitovebulicaa afxazTa qezebinaT saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis
siaxlovis mizeziT. aq meTevzeobisaTvis ar msurvelni. Semdeg daisva sakiTxi iranidan
aris xelsayreli pirobebi, samagierod, Sei- 20.000 qristiani aisoris gadmosaxlebis Ses-
Zleba Tevzis uxvad daWera xobsa da rionSi axeb. 1814 wels saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
da paliastomis tbaSi, romelic samegrelos nikolai rtiSCevma imperator aleqsandr I-s
ekuTvnis. warudgina `sruliad
`sruliad saqarTvelos general-
xsenebuli koloniis daarseba ar moxerx- uri ruka“ da saqarTvelos topografiuli da
da. sxva mizezTa Soris umTavresi iyo is, rom kameraluri aRweris masalebi. generali imper-
pavel cicianovi saqarTveloSi kazakebis gad- ators swerda, rom saqarTvelos teritoriis
mosaxlebas sastikad ewinaaRmdegeboda.
ewinaaRmdegeboda. 1805 nawili gaukacrielda mtrebis Semosevisa da
wels saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ruseTis Sinaomebis Sedegad. rtiSCevi miiCnevda, rom
imperators swerda: `samegrelo Tavis mflo- es miwebi SeiZleboda darigeboda im samxedro
belTa sisustis gamo da mezobelTa xSiri Se- da samoqalaqo pirebs, romelTac didi damsax-
mosevebis Sedegad Seviwrovebul mdgomareo- ureba miuZRodaT samSoblos winaSe. iqve saqa-
baSi imyofeba, ris gamoc aq adgili hqonda rTvelos mTavarsardali aRniSnavda: ùfro
zne-CveulebaTa garyvnas da tyveebiT vaWro- sasargeblo iqneboda, Tu am tial adgilebze
bac iqamde ganviTarda, rom ukve sircxvilad gamoviwvevdiT ucxoelebs, romlebic TavianT
aRar iTvleba da am saqmianobiT trabaxoben samSobloSi miwis naklebobas ganicdidnen da
kidec. tyveebiT vaWrobas aSkarad misdeven romlebic saqarTveloSi daaarsebdnen kol-
mTavris naTesavebic ki“. cicianovi werda, oniebs. es koloniebi aq Semoitandnen manu-
321
faqturul nawarms da yvelafers, rac sWird- Tis xazina ucxoel kolonistebs finansur
eba saojaxo meurneobas, vinaidan aqauri daxmarebas aRar uwevda. imaves imeorebda
miwebi metad nayofieria da mxolod imitom 1816 wlis kanonic. miuxedavad amisa, ruseTis
rCeba usargeblod, rom ar moipoveba mcodne xazinam odesaSi myof germanelebs 100.000 ma-
pirebi, rom miwa gaaumjobeson da gamoiyenon. neTi gamouyo. viurtembergergel germanelTa
kolonistebs SeeZlebaT magaliTi miscen aqa- pirveli jgufi, 31 ojaxi (181 suli), Tbiliss
ur mcxovreblebs, romelTac TavianT pirvel 1817 wlis seqtemberSi moadga. ruseTis xe-
movaleobad miaCniaT Zarcva-gleja da waarT- lisuflebam germaneli kolonistebisaTvis
van erTmaneTs yvelaferi, rac ki SeiZleba, miwebi Tbilisis guberniis Tbilisis maz-
xolo Sromaze da patiosnebaze sulac ar ris sofel sarTiWalis SemogarenSi gamoyo.
fiqroben“. TiToeul ojaxs unda miscemoda 60 desetina(1
saqarTvelos kolonizaciis gegmis Se- desetina=1,09 heqtars) miwa. kolonistebisaT-
muSaveba da misi praqtikuli ganxorcieleba vis sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobaze ale-
ufro daCqarda aleqsei ermolovis (1816- qsei ermolovis moadgilem generalma karl
1827) mTavarsardlobis dros. 1816 wels pe- stalma rusi jariskacebi daasaqma. sanam sar-
terburgSi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi ermolovi TiWalaSi kolonistebs saxlebs auSenebdnen,
aRniSnavda: saqarTveloSi miwaTmoqmedebis isini sofel martyofSi cxovrobdnen. 1817
ganviTarebas didi perspeqtiva aqvs, magram ad- wlidan saqarTveloSi Camosuli germaneli
gilobriv mkvidrT ar aqvT sakmao codna meur- kolonistebi Semdeg adgilebSi daasaxles:
neobis ukeT dayenebisaTvis. ermolovi qarT- 1. 1817 wels germaniidan Camosuli 31
velTaTvis magaliTis micemis mizniT aucile- ojaxi (181 suli) _ marienfeldSi
marienfeldSi,, mdinare
blad miiCnevda `saqarTveloSi dasaxlebul ivris marjvena napirze, sofel sarTiWalis
iqnas Sromismoyvare germanelebis kolonia, SemogarenSi, Tbilisidan 35 versis moSore-
romelTa keTili magaliTi meurneobidan biT. aq kolonistebis TiToeulma ojaxma 35
sargeblis miRebisa, aiZulebs adgilobriv desetina saxnavi, agreTve saZovrebi da tyeebi
mcxovrebT mihbaZon maT“. ermolovi impera- miiRo;
tors hpirdeboda, rom germanel kolonistebs 2. 1818 wels germaniidan Camosuli 31
miscemda saukeTeso miwebs, `romelTa didi ojaxi (148 suli) _ petersdorfSi
petersdorfSi,, marienfel-
raodenoba, samwuxarod, tialadaa mitovebu- dis koloniidan naxevari versis moSorebiT
li“. mTavarsardali imperators aseve aRuTq- (es ori kolonia SemdgomSi gaerTianda);
vamda, rom germanel kolonistebs sacxovre- 3. germanelTa 23 ojaxi (99 suli) _ ale-
beli saxlebis agebisas da meurneobis mowyo- qsanderdorfSi (Tbilisis guberniis Tbili-
bisas daaxmarda rus jariskacebs da saerTod, sis mazra, maSindeli didubis teritoria,
kolonistebs mzrunvelobas ar moaklebda. Tbilisidan 8 versis manZilze). kolonistebma
1821 wels gamoica ruseTis imperatoris aq 665 desetina miwa miiRes.;
brZaneba, romelic iranidan da osmaleTidan 4. germanelTa 49 ojaxi (200 suli) daas-
saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebulT oTxi wliT axles kukiaze (Tbilisis gareubani);
aTavisuflebda begara-mosakreblisagan. sam- 5. germanelTa 65 ojaxi (307 suli) _
wliani SeRavaTi eZleodaT maT, vinc Tbilis- elizabetaSi,, samaCveTis saxazino miwebze;
elizabetaSi
Si dasaxldeboda. 6. germanelTa 102 ojaxi (350 suli) _
germaneli kolonistebi.
kolonistebi. 1816 wels ekaterinenfeldSi (borCalos distancia,
StutgardtSi (germania) gzad mimaval ru- Tbilisidan 60 veersis moSorebiT);
seTis imperator aleqsandr I-s germanelma 1818 wels, saqarTveloSi germaniidan
seqtantebma samxreT kavkasiaSi dasaxlebis Camosul kolonistTa Soris Semdegi special-
neba sTxoves. sanam gadmosaxlebis saqme sab- obis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen: sapnis mkeTe-
olood mogvardeboda, 1817 wels 7.000 ger- beli _ 1, mecxvare _ 2, meqoTne _ 3, kalaTis
maneli seqtanti regensburgis, venis, presbur- mqsoveli _ 1, mevenaxe _ 42, gvarjilis saRe-
gis da belgradis gavliT odesaSi Cavida. aq bavis mkeTebeli _ 1, mekasre _ 10, feiqari _
elodnen isini saqarTveloSi miwebis gamoyo- 30, nemsis mkeTebeli _ 2, meCeqme - 26, dabaRi _
fas. odesaSi germanelebs Savi Wiri SeeyaraT, 2, yasabi _ 9, ludis damamzadebeli _ 3, TerZi
romelmac TiTqmis maTi naxevari imsxverpla. - 26, kalatozi _ 16, xabazi _ 4, mWedeli _ 9,
1810 wels miRebuli kanonis Tanaxmad, ruse- zeinkali _ 2, meSuSe _ 1, mequde _ 1, maudis
322
vaxtang guruli
damamzadebeli _ 3, durgali _ 8, xuro _ 12, da maSin, rodesac Sav Wirs gadarCenili qarT-
meunagire _ 1, mewisqvile _ 3, miwis mzomeli veloba SimSilisagan ixoceboda.
_ 2, lursmnis damamzadebeli _ 1. mesaaTe - 1, 1832 wels, iseve, rogorc 1835 welsa
maswavlebeli _ 4, xelTaTmanis damamzadebeli da 1843 wels, germanel kolonistebSi didi
_ 2 , Tofis damamzadebeli _ 2. mkinZavi _ 1, mRelvareba iyo. seqtantebi palestinaSi ga-
xarati _ 1. windebis damamzadebeli _ 6, et- dasaxlebas moiTxovdnen. mRelvareba sab-
lis damamzadebeli _ 3, miwis muSa -258. olood 1844 wels Sewyda.
1842 wels saqarTveloSi kidev Camovida 1849 wels saqarTveloSi Catarda ger-
germanel kolonistTa 10 ojaxi, romelic maneli kolonistebis aRwera. aRweris Sede-
abasTumanSi daasaxles. am kolonias frain- gebi aseTi iyo:
dentali ewoda. abasTumanSi miwebis simcire 1. Tbilisis kolonia _ 61 ojaxi (298 suli,
iyo, ris gamoc 1848 wels 8 ojaxi gadasaxlda 129 mamrobiTi, 169 mdedrobiTi sqesisa);
marienfeldis maxloblad, erTi ojaxi ufro 2. aleqsandersdorfis kolonia - 35
adre Seemata ekaterinenfeldis kolonias, ojaxi (176 suli, 92 mamrobiTi, 84 mdedro-
xolo erTi ojaxi ruseTSi gadasaxlda. biTi sqesisa);
1818 wels, ruseTis mTavrobis mier 3. marienfeldis kolonia - 40 ojaxi (209
damtkicebuli debulebis mixedviT, germane- suli, 101 mamrobiTi, 108 mdedrobiTi sqesisa);
li kolonistebisaTvis yovel ojaxze unda 4. petersdorfis kolonia - 19 ojaxi (103
miecaT 35 desetina miwa, garda TbilisSi suli, 54 mamrobiTi, 49 mdedrobiTi sqesisa);
dasaxlebuli xelosnebisa, romelTac eZleo- 5. elizabetis kolonia - 109 ojaxi (685
daT 2 desetinamde miwa. sul saqarTveloSi suli, 332 mamrobiTi, 253 mdedrobiTi sqesisa);
Camosaxlebul germaneli kolonistebis 494 6. ekaterinenfeldis kolonia - 109 ojaxi
ojaxze saxnav-saTesi miwebidan gaica 15.817 (530 suli, 261 mamrobiTi, 269 mdedrobiTi
desetina, arasaxnav-saTesi miwebidan - 3.347 sqesisa);
desetina, e. i. sul germanelebma miiRes 19.164 7. elenendorfis kolonia - 125 ojaxi
desetina miwa. (664 suli, 311 mamrobiTi, 353 mdedrobiTi
amierkavkasiis koloniuri administra- sqesisa);
cia did imedebs amyarebda germanel kolo- 8. anenfeldis kolonia - 54 ojaxi (199
nistebze. 1817-1819 wlebSi gaTvaliswinebuli suli, 107 mamrobiTi, 92 mdedrobiTi sqesisa);
100.000 maneTis nacvlad germanelma kolo- 9. abasTumnis kolonia - 9 ojaxi (48 suli,
nistebma 1.000.000 maneTis daxmareba miiRes. 23 mamrobiTi, 25 mdedrobiTi sqesisa).
gadmosaxlebuli germanelebi seqtantebi sul 1849 wels saqarTveloSi germanel
iyvnen. isini qarTvelebTan urTierTobas kolonistTa 561 ojaxi (2.912 suli, 1.410
gaurbodnen da, xelisuflebis mxridan didi mamrobiTi sqesisa da 1.502 mdedrobiTi sqe-
finansuri daxmarebis miuxedavad, pirvel sisa) cxovrobda. germanel kolonistebs hyav-
wlebSi meurneoba ver gamarTes. 1826-1828 daT: cxeni - 1.305, xari _ 550, msxvilfexa da
wlebis ruseT-iranis omis dros aoxrebul wvrilfexa rqosani pirutyvi _ 3.146. kolo-
iqna germanuli koloniebi: elenendorfi, an- nistebs hqondaT: guTani _ 335, wisqvili _ 5,
enfeldi,, ekaterinenfeldi
enfeldi ekaterinenfeldi.. omiT isargebla samWedlo _ 18, aryis saxdeli qvabi _ 23, zeT-
axalcixis faSam da osmalebma koloniebis saxdeli _ 1, ludsaxdeli _ 3, aguris qarxana
Zarcva daiwyes. maT mokles 29 germaneli da _ 1, safeiqro dazga _ 1. aRweris mixedviT,
tyved aiyvanes 142. ruseTis xazinam elenen- kolonistebSi yvela profesiis warmomadgen-
dorfisa da ekaterinenfeldis koloniebs mi- lebi iyvnen: xuro - 14, mWedeli _ 19, TerZi
yenebuli zaralis asanazRaureblad gamouyo _ 16, meCeqme _ 15, mekasre _ 11, etlis mkeTe-
seriozuli Tanxa - 104.000 maneTi asigna- beli _ 14, qvis mTleli _ 11, durgali _ 11
ciebiT da 45.000 vercxlis maneTi. 1829 wels da sxv.
samxreT kavkasiaSi gavrcelebulma Savma Wirma rusuli koloniebi.
koloniebi. 1825 wels niJni
saqarTvelos ramdenime germanuli kolonia novgorodis guberniis memamule g. a. kaS-
didad daazarala. kavkasiis mTavarsardal kariovi kavkasiis mTavarsardal aleqsei er-
ivan paskeviCis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze molovs swerda, rom mas surda `saqarTveloSi
ruseTis xelisuflebam kolonistebs didi gadmosaxleba Tavisi ymebiT, romelTagan mx-
finansuri daxmareba aRmouCina. da es xdebo- olod mamrobiTi sqesis 116 suli“ iyo. memam-
323
ule iTxovda, Tanaxmad saimperio kanonisa, swraf gardaqmnas, romelic dajildoebulia

misTvis saukeTeso miwebis gamoyofas da kol- mSvenieri haviT, noyieri niadagiTa da misi
onizatorebisaTvis gankuTvnili daxmarebis produqciiT, yovelgvari simdidriT, gran-
micemas. ermolovi gagzavnil pasuxSi werda: diozuli da Tvalwarmtaci bunebiT~. pro-
`ragind sasargebloc ar unda iyos aqauri fesori Tvlida, rom amierkavkasiis koloni-
mxarisaTvis Tqveni patriotuli ganzraxve- zaciaze daxarjuli saxsrebi sul male iqne-
bi, samwuxarod, ar SeiZleba misi sisruleSi boda anazRaurebuli.
moyvana saqarTveloSi saxazino miwebis sru- 1827 wels ruseTis xelisuflebam ganiz-
liad arasakmarisobis gamo.~ miuxedavad aseTi raxa ukrainidan samxreT kavkasiaSi, iranis
pasuxisa, TviT ermolovi da, saerTod, kavka- sazRvris gaswvriv, gadmoesaxlebina 80.000
siis rusuli administracia kargad grZnobda, kazaki. ukrainidan kazakTa aseTi didi masis
rom kolonizacia saqarTveloSi gardauvali gadmosaxlebis aucileblobas samxedro uw-
iyo. sword am mosazrebiT iyo nakarnaxevi yeba ase asabuTebda: 1. kazakTa dasaxleba ira-
1831 wels ruseTis imperiis finansTa ministr nis sazRvris gaswvriv uzrunvelyofda saz-
egor kankrinis moTxovna swrafad gadaWrili- Rvris dacvas; 2. kazakebis dasaxlebis Semdeg
yo `rusi meSCanebis, glexebisa da sasjelmox- ailagmeboda sazRvrispira raionSi sxvadasxva
dili adamianebis amierkavkasiis qalaqebSi da xalxis TareSi. kazakebis dasaxleba xels Seu-
saxazino miwebze dasaxlebis sakiTxi; evro- wyobda ruseTis daaxloebas samxreT kavkasiis
pelebisaTvis, xelosnebisa, fabrikantebisa, qristian mosaxleobasTan; 4. TandaTan Sem-
mevenaxeebisa da miwis muSebisaTvis kolo- cirdeboda, xolo Semdeg saerTod moispo-
nistis uflebaTa boZebisa da maTTvis miwis boda sikvdilianoba ruseTis jarebSi, radgan
micemis sakiTxi; miwebis micemis sakiTxi im es jarebi Seicvleboda adgilobriv klimats
sazogadoebaTaTvis, romelTac ganzraxuli SeCveuli kazakebiT; 5. ukraineli Raribi kaza-
aqvT moawyon evropelTa vrceli koloniebi.~ kebi samxreT kavkasiaSi icxovrebdnen kargad;
kavkasiis mTielTa winaaRmdeg dawyebuli omis 6. ukraina ganitvirTeboda Warbi mosaxleo-
usasrulod gaWianurebam da saqarTveloSi bisagan, xolo iq darCenil kazakebs bevri miwa
ruseTis winaaRmdeg dawyebulma ajanyebebma miecemodaT.
ruseTis xelisufleba im daskvnamde miiyvana, imave 1827 wlis maisSi ruseTis jarebis
rom Cveulebrivi kolonizacia (rusebis Camo- mTavari Stabis ufrosi zemoT xsenebul mo-
saxleba) samxedro dasaxlebiT unda Secvlil- sazrebebsa da kazakTa gadmosaxlebisaTvis
iyo. 1835 wels ruseTis imperatorma nikolai mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Sesaxeb vrcel
I-ma (1825-1855) saqarTvelos mTavarsardalG- instruqcias ugzavnis kavkasiis mTavarsar-
grigori rozens ubrZana: `Sedgenil
`Sedgenil iqnas ka- dal ivan paskeviCs. 1827 wlis 4 noembers ivan
vkasiis samxedro kolonizaciis proeqti. kavka- paskeviCma kazakTa gadmosaxlebis Taobaze
siaSi dasaxldnen coliani rigiTi jariskacebi, sapasuxo werili gaugzavna mTavari Stabis
romelTac moixades 15-wliani samsaxuris vada, ufrosis moadgiles general ivan dibiCs dibiCs..
raTa SeiaraRebuli rusebis dasaxlebiT ufro werilSi aRniSnulia, rom kazakebis Camo-
da ufro ganvamtkicoT Cveni batonoba kavka- saxleba didi mniSvnelobis movlena iyo ro-
siaSi da amgvar dasaxlebaTa saSualebiT, ram- gorc politikuri, ise ekonimikuri Tval-
denadac SesaZlebelia, daviaxlovoT kavkasiis sazrisiT, radgan `mxolod amis Semdeg Sei-
xalxebi.~
xalxebi. Zleba mtkiced davipyroT da SemovierToT
saqarTvelosa da saerTod, mTeli amierkavkasiis provinciebi~. ivan paskeviCis
samxreT kavkasiis kolonizaciis Sesaxeb Ta- azriT, kazakebis Camosaxlebis `ganzraxvis
vianT azrs gamoTqvamdnen ruseTis imperiis sisruleSi moyvanas SeiZleba dabrkoleba Se-
universitetebis profesorebi. 1834 wels qmnoda 80.000 kacis dasasaxleblebeli miwis
profesori p. viSeslavcovi werda: àmierka-
àmierka- gamonaxvisas,~ radgan instruqciis Tanaxmad,
vkasiam ruseTs unda misces is nawarmi, rasac TiToeul komls unda mieRo 25 desetina miwa,
evropas aZlevs orive indoeTi.~
indoeTi.~ profesoris anu, sul saWiro iqneboda 2.000.000 deseti-
azriT, es SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda amierka- na miwa. ivan paskeviCi cdilobda, peterbur-
vkasiis meurneobis gardaqmnis pirobebSi. p. gisaTvis aexsna, rom samxreT kavkasiis udidesi
viSeslavcovi amtkicebda: `rusebiT koloni- nawili mTagoriani da miwaTmoqmedebisaTvis
zacia yvelze ufro Seuwyobs xels im mxaris naklebad vargisi iyo, xolo dablobebSi war-
324
vaxtang guruli
moudgenlad didi sicxeebi icoda, rac mavne imperatorisaTvis, raTa kazakebis Camosaxle-
iyo janmrTelobisaTvis. werilSi aRniSnulia, ba droebiT SeeCerebina. kavkasiis mTavarsar-
rom qarTlisa da kaxeTis mosaxleoba saxnav- dalma peterburgs isic acnoba, rom kazakebi-
saTesad vargisi miwebis did naklebobas gan- saTvis 2.000.000 desetina miwis nacvlad, man
icdida. meti damajereblobisaTvis kavkasiis kaxeTsa da Wars Soris mxolod 70.000 deseti-
mTavarsardali imasac ixsenebda, rom 1818 na miwis gamoyofa moaxerxa. 70.000 desetina
wels saqarTveloSi 500 germaneli ojaxis mi- miwaze SeiZleboda 7.000 sulis dasaxleba, im
wiT uzrunvelyofa gaZnelda
gaZnelda.. miuxedavad gaangariSebiT, Tu erT sulze 10 desetina
paskeviCis aseTi argumentirebuli pasuxisa, miwa gaicemoda. 1830 wlis TebervalSi ruse-
peterburgidan Tbilisis samxedro guberna- Tis imperators gaugzavnes kaxeTsa da Wars
tors ubrZanes Seegrovebina cnobebi Surage- Soris arsebuli miwis farTobis ruka da Tan
lisa da bambakis provinciebSi mosaxleobis kazakebis Camosaxlebis ufleba iTxoves. Sed-
simWidrovis, saxnav-saTesi miwebisa da miwis genili iqna agreTve Camosaxlebul kazakidan
fasis Sesaxeb, aseve, imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramde- samxedro koloniebis mowyobis da am kol-
nad ùmtkivneulod~iyo SesaZlebeli Surage- oniebis iaraRiTa da sabrZolo masaliT mo-
lisa da bambakis distanciebidan adgilobriv maragebis gegma. ivan paskeviCi Suamdgomlob-
mkvidrTa sadme sxvagan gadasaxleba, raTa da, rom kazakebi gaeTavisuflebinaT yovel-
mTeli es provinciebi gamoyofiliyo `kaza- gvari saxelmwifo begara-mosakreblisagan da
kTa mTliani koloniebis~ mosawyobad. Tbili- savsebiT epatiebinaT maTTvis is xarjebic,
sis samxedro gubernators cnobebi unda romelsac xazina maT gadmosaxlebasa da kol-
Seegrovebina saidumlod, `raTa naadrevad ar oniebis mowyobaze daxarjavda.
aemoZravebinaT adgilobrivi xalxi, romelic miuxedavad didi mcdelobisa, kazakTa
metadaa midrekili moWorili ambebisa da uku- samxedro koloniebis Seqmna ganzruxuli tem-
RmarTi msjelobisadmi, da raTa ar mieces sa- piTa da masStabiT ver ganxorcielda.
ganxorcielda. impera-
babi memamuleebs uzomod aswion miwis fasi~. tor nikolai I-is brZanebiT, samxreT kavkasiis
Tbilisis samxedro gubernatorma cno- sxvadasxva samxedro-strategiul punqtSi
bebis SegrovebisaTvis sami weli iTxova, moewyo samxedro koloniebi. saqarTvelos
radgan aucilebeli iyo peterburgidan topo- teritoriaze aseTi koloniebi moewyo: walka-
grafebisa da sxva specialistebis gamoTxova. Si,, manglisSi, kojorSi, axalcixis maxloblad.
Si
adgilobrivi moxeleebi mTlianad iranTan samxedro koloniebi umTavresad ruseTis
omiT iyvnen dakavebulni da omic rom ar yo- jarebis dislokaciis adgilTan axlos ewyo-
filiyo, mxolod maTi ZalebiT cnobebis Se- boda da samxedro uwyebas eqvemdebareboda.
groveba mainc gaWirdeboda. sami weli gavi- 1841 wels ruseTis xelisuflebam samxedro
da, magram Tbilisis samxedro gubernatorma dasaxlebebis Sesaqmnelad axali miwebi gamo-
davalebis mxolod mcire nawili Seasrula. yo. 1837-1859 wlebSi samxreT kavkasiaSi sul
ruseT-iranis 1826-1828 wlebis oms mohyva 10 samxedro kolonia moewyo. 1859 wels im-
ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis omi da perator aleqsandr II-is (1855-1881) brZanebiT,
adgilobrivi rusi moxeleebi ukve meore samxedro koloniebis mosaxleoba saxelmwifo
omiT aRmoCndnen dakavebulni. ver moxerxda glexebis kategoriaSi gadairicxa.
peterburgidan topografebis gamogzavna. rusi seqtantebis Camosaxleba
Camosaxleba.. saqarT-
topografTa ori jgufi mxolod osmaleTTan velosa da saerTod, samxreT kavkasiis ru-
omis damTavrebis Semdeg Camovida Tbilis- suli kolonizacia mxolod samxedro kol-
Si, romelTac daiwyes walkis, axalqalaqis oniebis Seqmnas ar gulisxmobda. 1829 wels
da manglisis raionebis, aseve gogCis tbis damtkicebuli iqna saqarTveloSi raskol-
midamoebis Seswavla. 80.000 ukraineli kaza- nikTa koloniebisaTvis calke saeklesio wes-
kis Camosaxleba mainc ver moxerxda, radgan deba. raskolnikebi ruseTis marTlmadide-
iranTan da osmaleTTan omebis damTavrebis beli eklesiidan gamoyofil seqtas warmoad-
Semdeg, iranidan somxebis
somxebis,, xolo osmaleTi- gendnen. 1830 wels kanoniT nebadarTuli iqna,
dan somxebisa da berZnebis gadmosaxleba ruseTis Sida guberniebidan raskolnikebis
daiwyo da kazakebisaTvis gankuTvnili teri- samxreT kavkasiaSi Camosaxleba. maTi Camo-
toria maT daikaves. kavkasiis mTavarsardali saxleba xorcieldeboda rogorc sasamarT-
iZulebuli gaxda TxovniT miemarTa ruseTis los dadgenilebiT, ise raskolnikTa piradi
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surviliT. Sirvanis, Saqis da TaliSis yofili saxanoebis

saqarTveloSi daasaxles skopcebis teritoriebi. gadawyda, rom duxoborebis da
(saWurisebis) seqta. jer kidev 1822 wlidan sxva seqtantebis (moloknebis, ikonoborcebis
ikonoborcebis,
kavkasiaSi dislocirebuli ruseTis jaridan raskolnikebis, skopcebis) gadmosaxleba
gaTavisuflebul skopcebs samxreT kavkasia- moewyoT zafxulobiT jguf-jgufad, arau-
Sive tovebdnen, garda amisa, samxreT kavka- metes 80 ojaxisa TiTo jgufSi. 1841 wels
siaSi skopcebs ruseTidanac agzavnidnen. maT Tavridis guberniidan duxoborebis pirveli
gansakuTrebiT didi raodenobiT moyares jgufi,73 ojaxi (385 mamrobiTi, 410 mdedro-
Tavi yulevsa da soxumSi
soxumSi.. skopcebi specialur biTi sqesisa), Camovida. maT miwebi axalcixis
samxedro nawilebSi msaxurobdnen da ZiriTa- mazraSi gamouyves da yovel ojaxs meurneo-
dad saxazino samuSaoebs asrulebdnen. maTi bis mosawyobad 50 maneTi misces. duxoborTa
nawili mudmivad muSaobda rionze menaveebad meore jgufi 1842 wels Camovida, mesame jgu-
da samxedro saWurvlis gadamtanebad. XIX fi _ 1843 wels. mesame jgufi 36 ojaxisagan
saukunis 20-ian wlebSi samxreT kavkasiaSi gan- (426 suli) Sedgeboda. bolo or jgufs axal-
lagebul ruseTis jarebSi skopcebi imdenad cixis mazraSi gamouyves miwebi, sadac Seiqm-
momravldnen, rom 1825 wels aleqsei ermo- na Semdegi soflebi: rodionovka, efremovka,
lovma maTi erTad Tavmoyra da sofel maran- orlovka, dubovka, troicki da bogdanovka
bogdanovka..
Si dasaxleba brZana. male maranSi skopcebis seqtantebs ruseTis Sida guberniebSi marTl-
sakmaod didi raodenoba (daaxloebiT 300 madideblebis gverdiT ar asaxlebdnen, miuxe-
suli) dasaxlda. Semdeg maTi erTi jgufi af- davad amisa, ruseTis xelisuflebam SesaZle-
xazeTSi, sofel kodorSic, gadavida. maranSi blad miiCnia raskolnikebis qarTlSi
qarTlSi,, kaxeTSi,
dasaxlebuli skopcebisagan menaveTa razmebi imereTsa da samegreloSi marTlmadidebel
Seqmnes, romelTac yulevidan marnamde nave- qristianTa gverdiT dafuZneba. samegreloSi
biT samxedro tvirTi gadahqondaT. 1837 wels gadmosul raskolnikebs SeunarCundaT ru-
saqarTveloSi mogzaurebisas nikoloz I-ma seTis saxelmwifo glexis wodeba. skopcebi
brZana skopcebisagan samxedro muSaTa spe- dasaxldnen rionze, sofel orpirSi
orpirSi.. XIX sau-
cialuri aseuli SeeqmnaT. am brZanebis Se- kunis 20-iani wlebis damdegidan 1855 wlis 1
sabamisad, 1838 wels Seiqmna invalidTa 96-e ianvramde Tbilisis guberniaSi seqtantTa 13
razmi, romelsac rionze navebiT samxedro rusuli sofeli Seiqmna (692 ojaxi), quTaisis
tvirTis gadatana evaleboda. 1841 wels, guberniaSi _ 8 sofeli (428 ojaxi).
guriis ajanyebis dros, skopcebi ruseTis 1856 wlisaTvis samxreT kavkasiaSi iyo
jars sabrZolo saWurvliT amaragebdnen. rus kolonistTa 3.459 ojaxi (22.351 suli,
1842 wels am seqtaSi Sinauri areuloba dai- 11.008 mamrobiTi da 11.343 mdedrobiTi sqe-
wyo. areulobis moTaveebi sastikad dasajes sisa). 1863 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis Tbilisis gu-
_ cimbirSi gadaasaxles. 1844 wels skopcebi berniaSi sul 9.187 rusi kolonisti cxovrob-
gaaTavisufles samxedro tvirTis gadazid- da, maT Soris 4.561 mamrobiTi da 4.626 md-
vis valdebulebisagan da amieridan maT mx- edrobiTi sqesisa; quTaisis guberniaSi _ 3.471
olod yaraulebad da Sikrikebad iyenebdnen. suli (1.714 mamrobiTi da 1.757 mdedrobiTi
1855 wels invalidTa 96-e aseulSi 165 suli sqesisa).
iricxeboda, maT Soris 6 iyo qali. somexTa gadmosaxleba iranis azerbai-
1839 wels mixeil voroncovma ruseTis janidan 1828-1829 wlebSi. 1826-1828 wlebSi
xelisuflebas mimarTa winadadebiT, Tavridis iranTan omSi gamarjvebis Semdeg TurqmanCais
guberniis melitopolis mazridan duxoborTa zaviT (1828 w.) iranma ruseTs dauTmo erev-
seqta samxreT kavkasiaSi gadmoesaxlebinaT. nis,, naxWevnis da TaliSis saxanoebi. 1828-1829
nis
ruseTis imperatorma Tanxmoba ganacxada. amis wlebSi osmaleTTan omSi gamarjvebis Sem-
Semdeg voroncovma TxovniT mimarTa kavkasiis deg osmaleTma ruseTs adrianopolis zaviT
mTavarmarTebel evgeni golovins (1837-1842). (1829 w.) axalcixis safaSos nawili dauTmo.
voroncovi golovins sTxovda ecnobebina, Tu TurqmanCais zavis me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad,
romeli da ra raodenobis miwebi SeiZleboda iranisa da ruseTis qveSevrdomebs ufleba
gamoeyoT duxoborebisaTvis. golovinma aseT eZleodaT gaeyidaT uZravi qoneba da gada-
adgilebad SearCia: axalcixis mazra (farav- suliyvnen meore saxelmwifos teritoriaze.
nis tbis Semogareni), ganjis mazra, yarabaRis, garda amisa, `èrTidan
erTidan meore saxelmwifoSi
326
vaxtang guruli
gadasulT SeeZloT dasaxlebuliyvnen moce- srebi. gadmosaxlebuli somxebi 6 wlis gan-

muli saxelmwifos maTTvis sasurvel provin- mavlobaSi Tavisufldebodnen yovelgvari
ciaSi xelisuflebis nebarTviT“. jer kidev begara-mosakreblisagan.
TurqmanCais zavis dadebamde TavrizSi myof gadmosaxlebis procesi, rogorc aRvniS-
kavkasiis mTavrasardal ivan paskeviCTan ìw- neT, 1828 wlis martSi daiwyo da 4-5 TveSi
yes mosvla am olqSi mcxovrebi somxebisa da dasrulda. gadmosaxlebulTa dasaxmare-
sxva qristianTa deputatebma, raTa mieRoT blad Tavdapirvelad gamoyofili Tanxa ar
ruseTis kuTvnil amierkavkasiis provinciebSi kmaroda, magram iranidan daZruli masis Se-
dasaxlebis nebarTva“. 1828 wlis martSi ivan Cereba ukve SeuZlebeli iyo. xelisufleba
paskeviCi graf ivan dibiCs swerda: `gaviTval- iZulebuli gaxda Tanxa damatebiT gamoeyo.
iswine ra sargebloba, romlis miRebac Cven Tavdapirvelad gamiznuli 50.000 vercxlis
SegviZlia ukacriel miwebze Sromismoyvare, maneTis nacvlad gamoiyo 14.000 Cervonevci
morCilebas miCveuli da religiurad Cveni da 400.000 vercxlis maneTi. gadmosaxlebul
erTguli xalxis dasaxlebisagan, me mivual- somexTa TiToeulma ojaxma saSualod 15-25
erse am deputatebs da davaimede isini“ im- vercxlis maneTi miiRo. 1828 wlis 1 maisisaT-
peratoris mfarvelobaSi miRebis dapirebiT vis oficialuri cnobiT iranis azerbaijani-
da `gavistumre TavianT saxlebSi, im mizniT, dan samxreT kavkasiaSi ukve gadmosaxlebuli
raTa momzadebuliyvnen gadasasaxleblad“. iyo somexTa 5.000 ojaxi, Tumca araoficial-
ivan paskeviCma ruseTis jaridan specialu- uri monacemebiT am droisaTvis 8.249 ojaxi
rad gamoyo oficrebi, metwilad somxebi, rom- iyo gadmosaxlebuli. gadmosaxleba dasrul-
lebic meTvalyureobasa da xelmZRvanelo- da 1828 wlis 1 oqtombers.
bas gauwevdnen somxebs da waaqezebdnen maT somexTa da berZenTa gadmosaxleba osma-
iranis azerbaijanidan samxreT kavkasiaSi ga- leTidan 1829-1830 wlebSi.
wlebSi. adrianopolis za-
dasaxlebisaken. oficerTa jgufis xelmZRvan- vis (1829 w.) me-13 muxlis Tanaxmad, 18 Tvis
eloba daevala polkovnik lazarevs
lazarevs.. jgufSi ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebeli iyo ruseTis kuT-
rusebTan erTad Sediodnen somexi oficrebi, vnili teritoriidan mosaxleobis osmaleTSi
podpolkovnikebi: arRuTinski, yorRanovi
yorRanovi,, gadasvla da piriqiT _ osmaleTidan ruse-
gamazovi da sxvebi, romelTac didi dro da Tis teritoriaze dasaxleba. jer kidev 1828
energia Sealies somexTa organizebis saqmes. wlis 26 ivniss kavkasiis mTavarsardali ivan
iranis azerbaijanidan somexTa gadmo- paskeviCi ruseTis imperiis vice-kancler
saxlebis procesi 1828 wlis martSi daiwyo. karl neselrodes swerda: òsmaleTis sam-
pirvel rigSi gadmosaxldnen:
gadmosaxldnen: urmiis, salmasis, flobeloebis saqarTvelos mosazRvre miwe-
xois, moragis, Tavrizisa da sxva raionebidan. bze saukeTeso pirobebia rusebis dasaxlebi-
gegmis Tanaxmad, somxebi unda daesaxlebinaT sTvis, radgan, garda niadagis araCveulebrivi
yofili erevnis, naxWevnisa da yarabaRis saxa- sinoyivrisa, adgilmdebareobis sagangebo si-
noebis teritoriaze. ruseTis xelisiufle- maRle aqaur havas metismetad amsgavsebs Sua
bam axlad Seqmnil somxeTis (erevnis) olqis ruseTs“. Tavis mxriv, neselrode kavkasiis
droebiT mmarTvelobaSi Seqmna `gadmosaxle-
`gadmosaxle- mTavrasardlisagan moiTxovda, osmaleTis
bulTa damxmare gansakuTrebuli komiteti“, safaSoebidan qristiani mosaxleoba imereTsa
romlis Tavmjdomaredac dainiSna somxeTis da samegreloSi gadasaxlebaze daeTanxmebina.
saolqo mmarTvelobis ufrosi generali ale- vice-kancleris am moTxovnis sapasuxod 1829
qsandre WavWavaZe.
WavWavaZe. yarabaRSi somexTa dasaxle- wlis 5 ianvars Tbilisidan peterburgs ac-
bas xelmZRvanelobda yarabaRis samxedro nobes, rom imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis
saolqo sammarTvelos ufrosi polkovniki teritoriis kolonizacia gauvali Waobebis,
afxazi.. TavrizSi myofi paskeviCi somexTa
afxazi uRrani tyeebisa da miudgomeli mTagrex-
waqezebis mizni, gadmosaxlebis msurvelT, mi- ilebis pirobebSi jer-jerobiT SeuZlebeli
webis garda, fulad daxmarebasac dahpirda. iyo. damatebiTi argumentic sakmaod sagu-
gadmosaxlebulTa damxmare gansakuTrebul lisxmod unda CaiTvalos: imereTis axlandeli
komitets gadaeca 50.000 maneTi. garda amisa, mcire mosaxleobac ki xeirianad ver ikvebeba
somxeTis eklesias (eCmiaZinis sapatriarqos) da iq kolonistebis Casaxleba gamarTlebuli
da somxeTis (erevnis) olqis admnistracias ar iqnebao. paskeviCi SesaZleblad miiCnevda
winadadeba mieca moeZiebinaT damatebiTi sax- osmaleTis Sida provinciebidan qristiani
327
mosaxleoba axlad dapyrobil axalcixis sa- itoriaze gadasvla Seeferxebina, magram sa-
faSosa da mis mosazRvre raionebSi, bambaksa survel Sedegs ver aRwevda. osmalebi miis-
da SuragelSi,
SuragelSi, gadmoesaxlebinaT. miuxedavad wrafodnen ruseTis jaris mier dakavebul
imisa, rom amave teritoriaze imperatoris arzrumis, yarsisa da baiazeTis safaSoebSi
brZanebiT kazakTa 20.000 ojaxi unda dae- aRekveTaT somexTa arqiepiskopos karapetis
saxlebinaT, paskeviCis winadadeba mowonebul saqmianoba. arqiepiskoposi karapeti rusebis
iqna. mxardaWeriT somxebs samxreT kavkasiaSi ga-
adrianopolis zavis(1829 w.) dadebis Sem- dasaxlebisaken mouwodebda. osmalo seraskir-
deg samcxe-saaTabagoSi somexTa da berZenTa ma stambolidan gamoiwvia somexTa episkoposi
gadmosaxlebis paralelurad saqarTvelos barTlome,, romelsac somxebSi osmaleTSi
barTlome
istoriuli teritoriidan osmaleTSi iwyes darCenis survili unda gaeRviZebina. episkop-
gadasaxleba islamis aRmsarebelma mesxebma. os barTlomes Tavisianebma ganucxades: `Sen
maT samSoblos datoveba ar surdaT, magram ki ara, TviT zecidan Camosulma qristem rom
jer kidev ruseT-osmaleTis omis dasrule- gviqadagos osmaleTSi dabruneba, Cven mis
bamde, konkretulad 1829 wels, ruseTis samx- rCevasac ki yurs ar davugdebT“.
edro selisuflebam samcxe-saaTabagos da- osmaleTidan saqarTveloSi somexTa gad-
kavebis Semdeg iq mcxovreb gamahmadianebul mosaxleba advili ar iyo. male Tavi iCina bev-
qarTvelebs umZimesi pirobebi Seuqmna. osm- rma gauTvaliswinebelma sirTulem. 1831 wels
aluri orientaciis momizezebiT islamis ruseTis imperiis finansTa ministrma gansa-
aRmsarebel mesxTa ramdenime aTeuli sofe- kuTrebul mindobilobaTa moxele, saxelm-
li rusebma jer pirwmindad gaZarcves, Sem- wifo mrCeveli adam valter fon kroneki saqa-
deg ki gadawves. es araadamianuri qmedeba rTveloSi moavlina. mas, gansakuTrebul min-
ar SeiZleba rusi samxedroebis TviTnebobiT dobilobaTa moxeles, imperatoris brZanebis
aixsnas. ruseTis xelisuflebas ar surda os- Tanaxmad, unda Seeswavla osmaleTidan gad-
maleTTan sasazRvro zolSi islamis aRmsare- mosaxlebul somexTa mdgomareoba. adam val-
beli qarTvelebis datoveba. adrianopolis ter fon kronekma naxevari weli imuSava da
zavis dadebidan 18 Tvis ganmavlobaSi samcxe- sayuradRebo moxsenebebi warudgina finansTa
saaTabagos teritoria datova da osmaleTSi saministros. ruseTis xelisuflebam 10 wlis
gadasaxlda daaxloebiT 70-75 aTasi islamis ganmavlobaSi uyuradRebod datova gansa-
aRmsarebeli qarTveli, ZiriTadad mesxebi. kuTrebul mindobilobaTa moxelis mosazre-
cxadia, am process xeli Seuwyo osmaleTis bani. 1841 wels misi daskvnebi aRar gaiTval-
mier warmoebulma agitaciamac. samcxe-saa- iswines, radgan 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi bevri
Tabagodan osmaleTSi qarTvelTa gadasaxle- ram ukve Secvlili iyo.
biT ruseTis xelisuflebam meore problemac 1829-1831 wlebSi osmaleTidan saqarT-
gadaWra: qarTvelTa nasoflarebi osmaleTi- velos teritoriaze Semosuli somxebi da ber-
dan gadmosaxlebul somxebsa da berZnebs ga- Znebi sxvadasxva raionSi daasaxles. magaliTi-
daecaT. saTvis gavecnoT walkis raionSi somexTa da
osmaleTidan somexTa pirveli jgufebi berZenTa Casaxlebis process. osmaleTidan
1829 wlis Semodgomaze daiZrnen, 1830 wlis walkisaken daZrul berZnebis pirvel jgufs
gazafxulidan maT gadmosaxlebulTa axali meTaurobda Tevdore zamenopulo.
zamenopulo. isini os-
qaravnebi mohyva. kavkasiis koloniurma ad- maleTidan 1829 wlis 8 seqtembers daiZrn-
ministraciam somexTa miRebisa da gansaxlebis en. walkisaken sul berZenTa 84 da somexTa
mizniT sagangebo komisia Seqmna. osmaleTidan 1 ojaxi gamoemarTa. berZenTa 84 ojaxidan 4
Semosuli somxebi sam jgufad gayves: 1. vaW- adre osmalo faSas sxvadasxva samsaxurSi imy-
rebi; 2. xelosnebi; 3. miwis muSebi (glexebi). ofeboda, 4 ojaxi sasuliero wodebisa iyo,
radgan saqarTveloSi kazakebis Semoyvana da 8 ojaxi _ vaWrebisa, 6 ojaxi _ xelosnebisa,
maTi sazRvrispira raionebSi Casaxleba ver 62 ojaxi _ miwaTmoqmedTa. gadmosaxlebulebi
moxerxda, imperatori nikoloz I umjobesad hasan-kalasa
hasan kalasa da yarsis gavliT giumrSi Cav-
miiCnevda somxebi yofili axalcixis safaSos idnen, saidanac karantinis gavlis Semdeg
teritoriaze daesaxlebinaT.
daesaxlebinaT. borCalos distanciaSi gadaiyvanes da sofel
osmaleTis mTavroba yovelnairad cdi- winwyaroSi daasaxles. sofelSi maT berZenTa
lobda somxebisa da berZnebis ruseTis ter- 100 ojaxi daxvdaT. mosaxleobis moulodneli
328
vaxtang guruli
zrdis gamo sofelSi arsebuli isedac mZime dasaxlebulTa didi umravlesoba (2.311 ojaxi-
sayofacxovrebo pirobebi kidev ufro gau- dan 2.258 ojaxi) arzrumeli (2.205 ojaxi) da bai-
aresda. 1830 wlis aprilSi sofel winwyaroSi burTeli (53 ojaxi) somxebi iyvnen. arzrumi se-
Casaxlebuli berZnebis nawili gaparataxe- raskiris rezidencias warmoadgenda da iq rusi
bul sofel beSTaSenSi gadavida. meore jgufi moxeleebis cnobiT 100.000 kaci cxovrobda
isev berZnebisagan Sedgeboda. jgufSi sul 34 (65.000 osmalo, 29.000 somexi, 2.000 ebraeli, 1.000
ojaxi (3 sasuliero wodebisa da 31 miwaTmoq- sparsi). arzrumel somexTa 90%-ze meti saqarT-
medi) iyo. berZnebi arzrumis safaSodan gad- veloSi gadmosaxlda.
gadmosaxlda. 1832 wels qalaq axal-
mosaxldnen. isini gzas 1829 wlis seqtemberSi cixis mosaxleobis erovnuli Semadgenloba
daadgnen, gamoiares hasan-kala, yarsi, giumri, aseT suraTs iZleoda: qarTveli _ 52 ojaxi
baSkiCeTi.. 1830 wlis 3 ivliss berZnebma walkis
baSkiCeTi (239 suli), somexi _ 359 ojaxi (1.495 suli),
karantini gaiares da Semdeg dasasaxlebeli ebraeli _ 117 ojaxi (689 suli), osmalo _ 12
adgilebis SesarCevad gaemarTnen. maT manamde ojaxi (62 suli), e.i sul qalaq axalcixeSi 540
miRebuli hqondaT TrialeTSi dasaxlebis ojaxi (2.475 suli) cxovrobda.
ufleba. berZnebi walkis cixis maxloblad arzrumidan gamosul somexTa didi ra-
mdebare sofel zemo axalSenSi dasaxldnen, odenoba dasaxlda awyurSi, axalqalaqsa da
sofels saxeli Seucvales da beSkev-qandigi xerTvisSi 1832 wlisaTvis aq Caasaxles 485
uwodes. mesame jgufi somxebisa da berZnebisa- ojaxi (306 ojaxi _ awyurSi, 98 ojaxi _ ax-
gan Sedgeboda. isini arzrumis safaSodan 1830 alqalaqSi, 81 ojaxi _ xerTvisSi).
wlis mais-ivnisSi daiZrnen da igive gza gamoi- yarsidan gamosul somexTa didi raode-
ares, rac meore jgufma. walkis karantinis noba dasaxlebul iqna Suragelis
Suragelis,, bambakisa
gavlis Semdeg, 1830 wlis ivlisSi, isini mrav- da lores distanciebSi da somexeTis (erevnis)
lad arsebul qarTul nasoflarebSi sasurve- olqSi. Suragelis distanciaSi dasaxlda so-
li adgilis SerCevas Seudgnen. mesame jgufSi mexTa _ 1.983 ojaxi (13.140 suli), bambakis dis-
500 berZeni da 476 somexi iyo. berZnebs Tan tanciaSi _ 453 ojaxi (2.799 suli), lores dis-
mohyvebodaT 19 mRvdeli, xolo somxebs _ 13. tanciaSi _ 15 ojaxi (144 suli), sul Suragelis,
meoTxe jgufi berZenTa 19 ojaxisagan Sedge- bambakisa da lores distanciebSi _ somexTa
boda. isini axalcixis raionis sofel koTe- 2.452 ojaxi (16.083 suli). samive provinciaSi
liaSi dasaxldnen, saidanac mele TrialeTSi, adgilobrivi mkvidrni mTeli mosaxleobis
walkis raionSi gadasaxldnen da sofel rexa- 37,5 %-s Seadgenda, gadmosaxlebuli somxebi
Si daides bina. _ 62,5 %-s.
sul 1829-1831 wlebSi walkis raionis 31 sul 1830-1831 wlebSi osmaleTidan
sofelSi berZenTa 642 da somexTa 477 ojaxi samxreT kavkasiaSi gadmosaxlebuli iqna so-
anu sul 1.119 ojaxi dasaxlda. berZnebs Tan mexTa 14.044 ojaxi (84.000 suli), aqedan 5.000
mohyva 26 mRvdeli, somxebs _ 13. berZenTa da ojaxi samcxe-javaxeTSi (axalcixe, axalqalaqi,
somexTa 1.119 ojaxidan 3.652 mamrobiTi da awyuri, xerTvisi), xolo 1.050 ojaxi bambakis,
3.390 mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli iyo. Suragelisa da lores distanciebSi dasaxlda.
915 ojaxi miwaTmoqmedebas, 132 ojaxi ki xe- sainteresoa, rom ruseTis xelisufle-
losnobas misdevda. bam osmaleTidan gadmosaxlebul somexTa
1831 walkis raionSi dasaxlebul ber- didi nawili saqarTvelos istoriul teri-
Znebsa da somxebs iq daxvdaT 10-20 wlis win toriaze daasaxla, xolo gacilebiT naklebi
gadmosaxlebuli berZnebi da somxebisomxebi.. sab- _ somxeTis istoriul teritoriaze. somexTa
olood aseTi suraTi miviReT: walkis raionSi Camosaxlebis dasawyisisaTvis, oficialuri
cxovrobda berZnebis 629 ojaxi, somxebis _ 481, monacemebiT, somxeTis istoriul teritori-
qarTvelebis _ 55, osmalebis _ 28, e.i. sul 1.193 aze 25.151 qristiani somexi da 82.073 islamis
ojaxi (7.873 suli). maSindeli walkis raio- aRmsarebeli xalxi cxovrobda, anu somxebi
nis teritoria daaxloebiT 2.000 kvadratul mTeli mosaxleobis (107.224 suli) mxolod
verss udrida, anu erT kvadratul versze 4 23,4 %-s Seadgendnen, xolo muslimebi _76,6
kaci modioda. %-s. muslimi mosaxleobis didi nawili 1828-
osmaleTidan gadmosaxlebul somexTa 1830 wlebSi iranSi an osmaleTSi gadaasaxles,
da berZenTa didi nakadi axalcixisa da ax- magram 1828 wlamde somxebi sakuTar samSob-
alqalaqis raionebSi dasaxlda. am raionebSi loSi umciresobaSi iyvnen. 1832 wlisaTvis
329
somxeTis istoriul teritoriaze, adgilo- ministraciuli dayofiT, saqarTvelos guber-

briv mkvidrTa da gadmosaxlebulTa CaTvliT, nias. pirveli da meore kameraluri aRweris
82.377 somexi cxovrobda, maSin roca qveynis droisaTvis saqarTvelos guberniaSi Sedioda
mTeli mosaxleoba 164.450 suls udrida. azerbaijanis mniSvnelovani nawili, magram ar
somxeTis (erevnis) olqis Seqmnis droisaTvis Sedioda imereTi, samegrelo, afxazeTi, guria
misi mosaxleobis 53.3 %-s somxebi Seadgend- da svaneTi. garda amisa, ruseTis statisti-
nen, maSin, rodesac somexTa gadmosaxlebamde kuri samsaxuri qarTvelebad ar miiCnevda xev-
maTi raodenoba 15-18 %-s ar aRemateboda. surebs,, TuSebs
surebs TuSebs,, svanebs
svanebs,, herebs (War-belaqnis
3. demografiuli eqspansiis gavlena saqa- mosaxleobas), samurzayanoelebs
samurzayanoelebs,, webelde-
rTvelos mosaxleobis erovnul Semadgenlo- lebs da aWarlebs
aWarlebs.. mecnierTa mier dadginda
baze.. ruseTis demografiuli eqspansiis Sede-
baze saqarTvelos mosaxleobis zrdis statistika.
gad saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda qa- 1800 wels saqarTveloSi 585.000 qarTveli
rTvelTa xvedriTi wili. mosaxleobis aRweris cxovrobda, 1832 wels _ 600.000; 1865 wels
Taviseburebebis gamo zustad ver dgindeba _ 900.000; Sesabamisad, araqarTvelTa raode-
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erovnuli da re- nobis zrda aseT suraTs iZleoda: 1800 wels
ligiuri Semadgenloba, Tumca aRwerebis Sede- saqarTveloSi cxovrobda 95.000 somexi somexi;; 1832
gad mravalferovani da saintereso masalebi wels _ 270.000; 1865 wels _ 540.000. 1800 wels
dagrovda. saqarTveloSi pirveli kameraluri saqarTveloSi arc erTi rusi ar iyo aR-
aRwera 1803-1805 wlebSi Catarda, meore kam- ricxuli, 1832 wels saqarTveloSi ukve 20.000
eraluri aRwera _1816-1817 wlebSi, mesame ka- rusi cxovrobda, xolo 1865 wels _ 64.000.
meraluri aRwera _1831-1832 wlebSi. kavkasiis 1800 wels saqarTveloSi arc erTi berZeni ar
mefisnacvali aleqsandr bariatinski Tavisi cxovrobda, 1832 wels ki 6.000 berZeni iyo aR-
moRvaweobis amsaxvel uqveSevrdomiles mox- ricxuli, 1865 wels_ 13.000. 1800 wels saqa-
senebaSi, romelic 1857-1859 wlebis periods rTveloSi arc erTi germaneli ar iyo, 1832
moicavs, samxreT kavkasiis mTel mosaxleo- wels maTi raodenoba 2.000 gaxda, xolo 1865
bas 2.053.000 suliT gansazRvravs, maT Soris wels_ 7.000. swrafad izrdeboda Crdilo
Tbilisis guberniaSi _502.000, quTaisis gu- kavkasiis mTielTa, ZiriTadad lekTa raode-
berniaSi _331.000, samegrelosa, svaneTsa da noba (samive kameraluri aRweris Sesabamisad:
samurzayanoSi _ 100.000, afxazeTsa da webel- 10.000, 20.000, 70.000). saqarTveloSi ucxo-
daSi _ 105.000. tomelTa Camosaxlebis safuZvelze qarTvel-
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis aRweras Tan Ta xvedriTi wilis Semcireba ase gamoixata:
axlda bevri Tavisebureba. aRweris masalebi- 1800 wels qarTvelebi saqarTvelos mTeli mo-
dan yvelaze sandoa 1803-1805 wlebisa da 1816- saxleobis 41,8%-s Seadgendnen( somxebi _6,8%-
1817 wlebis kameraluri aRwerebi. aqve unda s, rusebi _0%-s ), 1832 wels qarTvelebi saqarT-
aRiniSnos, rom es aRwerebi umTavresad Seexo velos mTeli mosaxleobis 37,0%-s Seadgendnen
ruseTis imperiis mflobelobaSi arsebul (somxebi _37,7%-s, rusebi _1,2%-s).
mTel samxreT kavkasias, anu imdroindeli ad-
330
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XVII. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis

pirveli mesamedi)
ruseTis saimperatoro karze qarTl- nebis aRmsruleblebs warmoadgendnen.
kaxeTis samefos gauqmebamde ukve mofiqre- saqarTvelos pirveli mTavarsardali
buli hqondaT is ZiriTadi principebi, rom- karl knorringi (1801-1802) ise gadaayenes
lebsac qarTl-kaxeTis rusuli mmarTveloba Tanamdebobidan, rom praqtikulad araferi
unda damyareboda. imperatorma pavel I-ma gaukeTebia mmarTvelobaSi Tundac elementa-
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo 1801 wlis 18 dekem- ruli wesrigis Setanis TvalsazrisiT. saqa-
beris manifestiT ki gaauqma, magram rusuli rTvelos meore mTavarsardalma pavel cici-
mmarTvelobis damyarebas veRar moeswro. anovma (1802-1806) scada zogierTi aucile-
aleqsandr I-ma 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris man- beli cvlilebis damkvidreba mmarTvelobaSi,
ifestiT qarTl-kaxeTis samefo gaauqma da magram sasurvel Sedegs mainc ver miaRwia.
1802 wels rusuli mmarTvelobac damyarda. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema ver moawes-
amis Taobaze Cven mokled zemoT visaubreT. riges verc Semdgomma mTavarsardlebma: ivan
aseve visaubreT imereTis samefos gauqmebis gudoviCma (1806-1809), aleqsandr tormaso-
Semdeg imereTis droebiTi mmarTvelobis Se- vma (1809-1811), filip pauluCim (1811-1812),
moRebis, samegrelos, guriis, afxazeTisa da nikolai rtiSCevma (1812-1816). mmarTvelobis
svaneTis samTavroebSi ruseTis imperiis qve- sistema, seriozuli mcdelobis miuxedavad,
SevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg arsebuli av- verc saqarTvelos (kavkasiis) mTavarsardal-
tonomiuri mmarTvelobebis Sesaxeb. amjerad ma aleqsei ermolovma (1816-1827) gardaqmna.
gvinda mTlianobaSi warmovadginoT rusuli rusuli mmarTvelobis sistemis mowesrigebas
mmarTvelobis sistema saqarTveloSi misi xels uSlida saqarTveloSi mimdinare erovnu-
damkvidrebidan (1802 w.) sam aTeul welze meti li moZraoba (1802 wlis kaxeTis politikuri
xnis ganmavlobaSi. Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos: gamosvla, 1804 wlis ajanyeba aRmosavleT
XIX saukunis pirveli mesamedi ise miilia, rom saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, 1812 wlis ajanyeba
saqarTveloSi rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema kaxeTSi, 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba imereTSi,
araTu srulyofilad ver Camoyalibda, aramed guriasa da samegreloSi) da ruseT-iranisa
met-naklebad gamarTuli saxec ki ver miiRo
miiRo.. (1804-1813, 1826-1828 wlebis) da ruseT-os-
saqarTvelos (kavkasiis) mTavarsardlebs da maleTis (1806-1812, 1828-1829 wlebis) omebi.
saqarTvelos mmarTvelebs ruseTis saimpera- rusuli mmarTvelobis erTiani sistemis Camo-
toro kari instruqciasac ki ver aZlevda, Tu yalibebas aseve aferxebda is, rom qarTl-kax-
rogor unda emarTaT axlad dapyrobili qvey- eTis da imereTis samefoebis gauqmebis Semdeg
ana. maT ufleba eZleodaT yovel konkretul avtonomiuri mmarTveloba SenarCunda same-
viTarebaSi TavianTi Sexedulebisamebr mi- grelos, guriis, afxazeTisa da svaneTis sam-
eRoT gadawyvetileba. es badebda im gaugebro- TavroebSi. 1802 wlidan rusuli mmarTvelo-
basa da usamarTlobas, xSirad borotebasac ki, bis simZime qarTl-kaxeTma iwvnia. qarTl-kax-
rasac araiSviaTad SexvdebodiT saqarTveloSi eTis rusuli mmarTvelobisagan damoukide-
XIX saukunis pirvel mesamedSi. blad 1810 wlidan Seiqmna imereTis droebiTi
rusuli mmarTveloba saqarTveloSi mmarTveloba. praqtikulad imereTis mmarT-
XIX saukunis damdegidan(1802 wlidan) 30- vels eqvemdebarebodnen, magram SezRuduli
iani wlebis bolomde Tavisi xasiaTiT iyo avtonomiuri uflebiT ganagebdnen mTavrebi
samxedro-saokupacio mmarTvelobis sistema. samegrelos, gurias, afxazeTsa da svaneTs.
mTeli Zalaufleba saqarTvelos (kavkasiis)
mTavarsardlis xelSi iyo Tavmoyrili, xolo
centralur da adgilobriv mmarTvelobaSi §1. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema qarTl-kaxeTSi
mniSvnelovani Tanamdebobebi samxedro pirebs qarTl-kaxeTis rusuli mmarTvelobis
ekavaT, samxedroebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli sistema damoukideblad unda ganvixiloT
mmarTvelobis saSualo da dabali rgole- imereTis droebiTi mmarTvelobisa da samTav-
bic. saqarTvelos mmarTvelobaSi samoqa- roebis SezRuduli avtonomiuri mmarTvelo-
laqo pirebi TiTqmis araviTar rols ar as- bis gauqmebamde.
rulebdnen da isini samxedro xelisuflebis 1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mmarTveloba
331
pavel I-is proeqtiT. pavel I-ma qarTl-kaxeTis iSnos, rom rusul oficialur dokumentebSi
samefos ruseTTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb mani- 1801 wlamde da 1801 wlis Semdegac `qarTl- `qarTl-
fests 1800 wlis 18 dekembers moawera xeli, e. kaxeTis samefos“
samefos“ nacvlad TiTqmis yovelTvis,
i. maSin, rodesac giorgi XII jer kidev cocx- iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, ixmareba `saqarT-
`saqarT-
ali iyo. manifesti erTi Tvis Semdeg, 1801 velos samefo
samefo“,“, xolo `qarTl-kaxeTis
`qarTl-kaxeTis mefis“
wlis 18 ianvars, gamoqveynda. 1801 wlis 20 nacvlad _ `saqarTvelos
`saqarTvelos mefe“.
mefe“. 1801 wlis 12
ianvars pavel I kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardal seqtembers aleqsandr I-is mier qarTl-kaxeTis
general-leitenant karl knorings werda: `me samefos gauqmebis Semdeg daniSnul umaRles
minda, rom saqarTvelo (igulisxmeba qarTl- moxeles `saqarTvelos
`saqarTvelos mTavarsardali“
mTavarsardali“ ewode-
kaxeTi _ v. g.) gubernia iyos da amitom axlave boda, xolo 1802 wels TbilisSi daarsebul
dauqvemdebareT igi senats, xolo sasuliero rusuli mmarTvelobis centralur organos
nawilSi _ sinods“. pavel I-is survilis Tanax- _ saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba~.
mTavroba~. es maSin,
mad, saqarTvelos gubernia or administraci- rodesac saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis da
ul erTeulad unda gayofiliyo: 1. qarTlis saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis iurisdiq-
provincia centriT qalaq TbilisSi; 2. kax- cia imereTis samefoze, samegrelos, guriisa
eTis provincia centriT qalaq TelavSi. saqa- da afxazeTisa samTavroebze ar vrceldeboda.
rTvelos guberniis mTavari qalaqi Tbilisi imereTs mefe ganagebda, samegrelos, guriisa
unda yofiliyo. saqarTvelos guberniis da afxazeTis samTavroebs _ mTavrebi, dadi-
umaRlesi xelisufali (mmarTveli) general- anebis, gurielebisa da ServaSiZeebis sagva-
gubernatori iqneboda, xolo provinciisa _ reulodan. dokumentebis Sinaarsidan Cans,
gubernatori.. general-gubernatoris rezi-
gubernatori rom rusebi saqarTveloSi mxolod qarTl-kax-
dencia TbilisSi ivaraudeboda, TbilisSive eTs gulisxmobdnen. ase iyo imereTis samefos
unda daarsebuliyo sagubernio sammarTvelo,
sammarTvelo, gauqmebamde (1810 w.) da karga xans imereTis
romelsac daeqvemdebarebodnen qarTlisa da samefos gauqmebis Semdegac. ase damkvidrda
kaxeTis provinciebis kancelariebi
kancelariebi.. qarTlis terminebi: `saqarTvelo
`saqarTvelo da imereTi“,
imereTi“, `saqarT-
`saqarT-
provinciis kancelaria TbilisSi unda yo- velo da samegrelo
samegrelo“, “, ``saqarTvelo
saqarTvelo da guria“,
guria“,
filiyo, kaxeTisa _ TelavSi. `saqarTvelo
saqarTvelo da afxazeTi“.
afxazeTi“.
qarTlisa da kaxeTis provinciaTa 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris dokumentebiT
kancelariis SemadgenlobaSi ori departamen- ruseTis umaRles moxeles qarTl-kaxeTSi
ti Sevidoda: 1. sasamarTlo departamenti;
departamenti; 2. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ewodeboda. ara
kameraluri anu saxazino departamenti.
departamenti. qar- imdenad 1801-1806 wlebSi, xSirad momdevno
Tlisa da kaxeTis provinciebi diayofoda maz- periodSic rusul oficialur dokumentebSi
rebad,, mazraSi unda daarsebuliyo: 1. samaz-
rebad saqarTvelos mTavarsardali Canacvlebulia
ro sasamarTlo
sasamarTlo;; 2. saerobo policia.
policia. samazro xolme imave Sinaarsis mqone meore terminiT _
sasamarTlo da saerobo policia provinciis saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTveli (mTavarmarTe-
mTavarmarTe-
kancelarias daeqvemdebareboda. beli).
beli ). oficialurad saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
2. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos marTva-gamgeoba dals saqarTvelos mTavarmarTebeli mogvi-
1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestiT, aleqsan- anebiT ewoda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis
dr I-is 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris reskriptiT Semdeg rangiT meore moxele iyo saqarTvelos
saqarTvelos mTavarsardal karl knorrin- mmarTveli.. es ukanaskneli mTavarsardals
mmarTveli
gisadmi, aleqsandr I-is 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris eqvemdebareboda da samoqalaqo saqmeebSi mis
ganmartebiT karl knorringisadmi umaRlesi TanaSemwed (moadgiled) iTvleboda. saqarT-
brZanebis Sesrulebis Taobaze, aleqsandr I-is velos mTavarsardals eqvemdebareboda saqa-
1801 wlis 12 seqtembris brZanebiT saqarT- rTvelos uzenaesi mTavroba,
mTavroba, romlis Tavmj-
velos Sinagani mmarTvelobis mowyobis Ses- domaredac igi iTvleboda. saqarTvelos uzen-
axeb. pavel I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg ruseTis aesi mTavroba oTx eqspediciad iyofoda. es
saimperatoro karze qarTl-kaxeTis rusuli eqspediciebi iyo: 1. aRmasrulebeli
aRmasrulebeli;; 2. samoqa-
mmarTvelobis axali proeqti SemuSavda. igi laqo saqmeTa;
saqmeTa 3. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa;
saqmeTa; 4.
imperatoris mier xelmoweril oTx dokuments saxazino saqmeTa. oTxive eqpediciis ufrosebi
daemyara. aleqsandr I-ma ineba da qarTl-kax- da wevrebi Seadgendnen saqarTvelos uzenaesi
eTis samefos `saqarTvelos
`saqarTvelos guberniis“
guberniis“ nacv- mTavrobis saerTo sakrebulos.
sakrebulos. saqarTvelos
lad `saqarTvelo“
`saqarTvelo“ ewoda. saerTod, unda aRin- mTavarsardlis wardginebiT saerTo sakre-
332
vaxtang guruli
bulo mxolod gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis daniSnuliyo olqis ufrosi

ufrosi;; 3. saqarTvelos
saqmeebs ixilavda. saerTo sakrebulos sxdo- uzenaesi mTavrobis sisxlis samarTlisa da
mas saqarTvelos mTavarsardali, xolo misi samoqalaqo saqmeTa eqspediciebi unda gaer-
aryofnis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos mmarTve- Tianebuliyo erT _ sasamarTlo eqspediciad
eqspediciad;;
li Tavmjdomareobda. 4. mouravebs, romlebic muslimebiT dasaxle-
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT saqa- bul provinciebSi msaxurobdnen, unda dan-
rTvelo (qarTl-kaxeTi) isev erT guberniad iSvnodaT mTargmnelebi; 5. policmaisterebi
_ saqarTvelos guberniad _ rCeboda, Tumca (nacvlebi), romlebic Tavadebisa da aznau-
oficialurad guberniad ar iwodeboda. saqa- rebis mier irCeodnen, amieridan saqarTvelos
rTvelos gubernia (qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mTavarsardals unda daeniSna; 6. mTxovnels,
yofili teritoria) xuT mazrad gaiyo: Tbili- romelmac rusuli ena ar icoda, neba unda
sis ((lores
lores), ), goris
goris,, duSeTis
duSeTis,, Telavis
Telavis,, siRna- miscemoda saqme zemdgom instanciebSi dedae-
Ris.. garda xuTi mazrisa, Seiqmna ramdenime
Ris naze gaesaCivrebina.
distancia: borCalos
borCalos,, yazaxis
yazaxis,, SamSadilus
SamSadilus,, pavel cicianovis Suamdgomloba impera-
bambakisa da Suragelis
Suragelis.. mazras saTaveSi edga torma 1805 wlis 13 maiss daamtkica. amis Sem-
kapitan-ispravniki ((rusi
rusi oficeri).
oficeri). yovel maz- deg cicianovs erTi welic ar ucocxlia, ami-
rasa da distanciaSi arsebobda mazris saero- tom iyo, rom mmarTvelobis reforma mxolod
bo policia,
policia, mazris sasamarTlo.
sasamarTlo. saerobo nawilobriv gatarda.
policia Tavmjdomarisa da ori msajulisagan 4. rusul mmarTvelobaSi cvlilebebis
Sedgeboda. Tavmjdomare kapitan-ispravniki Setanis cda ivan gudoviCis (1806-1809) mTa-
iyo, msajulebi qarTveli Tavadebidan da azn- varsardlobis dros. 1809 wels saqarTvelos
aurebidan iniSnebodnen. mazris sasamarTlo mTavarsardalma ivan gudoviCma ruseTis im-
mosamarTlisa da ori msajulisagan Sedge- perators warudgina piotr litvinovis mier
boda. mosamarTle rusi unda yofiliyo, SemuSavebuli proeqti. proeqtis mixedviT,
msajulebi _ qarTveli Tavadebisa da aznau- samazro sasamarTlo savsebiT unda gauqmebu-
rebisagan. mazraSi finansur saqmes ganageb- liyo da misi funqciebi policias da saero-
da mazris xazinadari.
xazinadari. distancias marTavda bo sasamarTlos unda gadascemoda. saerobo
samxedro olqis ufrosi,
ufrosi, romelsac eqvemde- sasamarTlos evaleboda saqme adgilzeve
barebodnen: distanciis komendanti
komendanti,, polic- gamoeZiebina da Tu igi mis kompetencias aRe-
maisteri,, sameurneo saqmeTa zedamxedveli
maisteri zedamxedveli,, mateboda, saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis
xazina,, sasamarTlo
xazina sasamarTlo.. distanciis sasamarTlos sasamarTlo eqspediciaSi gadaegzavna, rom-
Tavmjdomared komendanti iTvleboda, xolo lis ganaCenis gasaCivreba aRar SeiZleboda.
wevrebad _ oTxi msajuli. ori msajuli bee- proeqti ar damtkicda.
bidan unda yofiliyo, ori _ dabali wodebi- 5. cvlilebebi rusul mmarTvelobaSi
dan. realurad muslimebiT dasaxlebul dis- aleqsandr tormasovis (1809-1811) mTavarsard-
tanciebs ganagebdnen boqaulebi an mouravebi lobis dros. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma
qarTveli Tavadebisagan, romelTac kapitan- aleqsandr tormasovma 1810 wlis 28 dekem-
ispravnikis uflebebi hqondaT. bers ruseTis imperatoris winaSe aRZra Sua-
qarTl-kaxeTis qalaqebSi aRmasrulebeli mdgomloba, raTa qarTvelebi Ralatisa da
xelisufleba komendants ekuTvnoda, romlis sazRvargareT gaqcevisaTvis gaesamaTrTle-
TanaSemwe iyo policmaisteri (nacvali(nacvali).
). ko- binaT ara Cveulebriv, aramed samxedro sa-
mendanti rusi oficrebisagan iniSneboda, samarTloze. es imas niSnavda, rom qarTve-
xolo policmaisteri _ qarTveli Tavadebisa- lebs rusi samxedroebi gaasamarTlebdnen.
gan da aznaurebisagan. 1811 wels gauqmda saqarTvelos mmarTvelis
3. cvlilebebi qarTl-kaxeTis mmarTvelo- Tanamdeboba da mis nacvlad dainiSna saqa-
baSi pavel cicianovis (1802-1806) mTavarsard- rTvelos samoqalaqo gubernatori. (am cvli-
lobis dros.
dros. cicianovma TbilisSi Camosv- lebis gatareba jer kidev cicianovs surda,
lisTanave mmarTvelobis reforma gadawyvita, magram ver moaswro).
rac SemdegSi mdgomareobda: 1. saqarTvelos 6. cvlilebebi rusul mmarTvelobaSi
mmarTvelis nacvlad unda SemoeRoT saqarT- filip pauluCis (1811-1812) mTavarsardlobis
velos samoqalaqo gubernatoris Tanamdeboba; dros. 1812 wels, rodesac kaxeTis ajanyebis
2. mazraSi mazris ufrosis nacvlad unda pirveli etapi dasrulda da ajanyeba nawilo-
333
briv Cacxra, filip pauluCim gaauqma Telav- 1. imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba.

isa da siRnaRis samazro sasamarTloebi da 1810 wlis 21 ianvars general-maiorma fio-
am mazrebSi mouravebis instituti aRadgina. dor simonoviCma saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
samazro sasamarTloebis nacvlad SemoRebul dal aleqsandr tormasovis davalebiT Sead-
iqna droebiTi sasamarTloebi,
sasamarTloebi, romelTa Tavm- gina proklamacia (mowodeba) imereTis mefis
jdomareebadac rusi moxeleebi (komendan- solomon II-is taxtidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb.
tebi) dainiSnen, xolo wevrebad _ qarTvelebi proklamacia quTaisSi 20 Tebervals waikiTx-
(sam-sami kaci TiTo mazridan). es. imereTis administraciuli mowyobisa da
7. cvlilebebi rusul mmarTvelobaSi mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb proeqtis SemuSaveba
nikolai rtiSCevis (1812-1816) mTavarsardlo- tormasovma simonoviCs daavala. simonoviCi
bis dros. 1813 wels nikolai rtiSCevma droe- fiqrobda, imereTis mmarTveloba qarTl-kax-
biTi sasamarTloebis dakompleqtebis wesi eTis rusuli mmarTvelobis msgavsad moewyo.
Secvala. sasamarTloebi amieridan ZiriTa- 1810 wels proeqti SemuSavda da gansaxilve-
dad rusi moxeleebisgan Sedgeboda. gaizarda lad waredgina tormasovs. am proeqtis safuZ-
droebiTi sasamarTloebis uflebamosile- velze 1811 wlis 19 aprils saqarTvelos mTa-
ba: sasamarTlom sapolicio da finansuri varsardalma gamosca specialuri debuleba
funqciebi SeiTavsa. 1814 wels muslimebiT imereTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebis
dasaxlebul distanciebSi mouravebis Tanam- Sesaxeb. am debulebis damtkicebamde Seqmnili
deboba gauqmda da iq boqaulebad rusi ofi- imereTis droebiTi mTavroba,
mTavroba, romelsac saT-
crebi daniSnes. aveSi Tavadi zurab wereTeli edga, fiqcias
8. cvlilebebi rusul mmarTvelobaSi warmoadgenda, xolo imereTs yovelgvari deb-
aleqsei ermolovis (1816-1827) mTavarsard- ulebis gareSe generali simonoviCi ganagebda.
lobis dros. aleqsei ermolovma mmarTvelo- 1811 wlis 19 aprilis debulebis Tanaxmad,
baSi samxedro wesebis kulti Seqmna da es imereTis samefos teritoria imereTis olqad
wesebi erTgvar sistemadac gadaaqcia. 1818 iwodeboda. olqi eqvs okrugad ((mazrad mazrad)) iyo-
wels man TbilisSi saTavadaznauro sakrebu- foda: quTaisis
quTaisis,, saCxeris
saCxeris,, vakis
vakis,, raWis
raWis,, Cxaris
Cxaris,,
lo daaarsa, romlis mizanic mmarTvelobaSi baRdaTis.. imereTis olqs saTaveSi mmarTveli
baRdaTis
Tavadaznaurobis ufro aqtiurad Cabma iyo. (rusi generali an oficeri) edga. TiToeul ok-
1823 wels sasamarTlo dawesebulebebTan da rugs (mazras) saTaveSi okrugis ((mazris
mazris)) ufrosi
saqalaqo magistratebTan daarsda e. w. `sa-`sa- edga, romelic aseve rusi oficeri unda yofil-
Tavadaznauro meurveoba“,
meurveoba“, romlis Tavmjdo- iyo. imereTis olqis administraciul centrad
mared TavadaznaurTa winamZRloli (marSali) quTaisi rCeboda, sadac saolqo dawesebulebe-
unda yofiliyo. ermolovis mmarTvelobis bi unda yofiliyo Tavmoyrili. es dawesebule-
wlebSi amoqmedda ramdenime axali daweseb- bebi iyo: saolqo mmarTveloba,
mmarTveloba, sazogadoebrivi
uleba: sazogadoebrivi mzrunvelobis pri- mzrunvelobis prikazi,
prikazi, saeqimo sammarTvelo,
sammarTvelo,
kazi,, obolTa sasamarTlo,
kazi sasamarTlo, keTilsindisierTa sabaJo kantora,
kantora, safosto kantora.
kantora. quTaisSive
sasamarTlo.. 1823 wels ermolovma TbilisSi
sasamarTlo unda yofiliyo qalaqis komendanti da saolqo
prokuroris damxmared ori sagubernio da miwismzomeli.. saolqo mmarTveloba sami eqs-
miwismzomeli
eqvsi samazro advokati daniSna. pediciisagan Sedgeboda: 1. aRmasrulebeli
aRmasrulebeli;; 2.
Zireuli reformebi rusul mmarTvelo- saxazino;; 3. sasamarTlo. olqis mmarTvelobis
saxazino
baSi verc ivan paskeviCis (1827-1831) da verc Tavmjdomared olqis mmarTveli iTvleboda,
grigori rozenis (1831-1837) mTavarsardlo- xolo mmarTvelobaSi mrCevlad sami rusi mox-
bis wlebSi gatarda. reforma cota mogvi- ele unda daniSnuliyo. TiToeul mrCevels
anebiT daiwyo. or-ori TanaSemwe hyavda imereli Tavadebisa
da aznaurebisagan. sasamarTlo eqspedicia ga-
nagebda sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saq-
§2. rusuli mmarTveloba dasavleT saqarT- meebs, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ganaCeni unda
veloSi gamoetanaT rusuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT,
qarTl-kaxeTisagan gansxvavebuli mmarT- samoqalaqo saqmeebze_ vaxtang VI-is samarTlis
veloba damyarda dasavleT saqarTveloSi_ (batoniSvil vaxtangis samarTlis) mixedviT.
imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, okrugebis (mazrebis) ufrosebs, rus ofi-
svaneTSi. crebs, hyavdaT or-ori TanaSemwe imereli Ta-
334
vaxtang guruli
vadebisa da aznaurebisagan. TanaSemwes msajulis saqmeebi ganixileba samxedro sasamarT-

li ewodeboda. msajulebs formalurad okru- los komisiis mier. imereTis okrugebi eqvem-
gis Tavadebi da aznaurebi irCevdnen, Tumca debareba okrugis ufrosebsa da maT TanaSem-
realurad maT imereTis mmarTveli niSnavda. weebs (...). yvelaferi es eqvemdebareba imere-
1811 wlis 19 aprilis debuleba praqtiku- Tis mmarTvels samxedro generlebidan“.
lad cxovrebaSi ar gatarebula _ saqarTvelos 2. guriis samTavros mmarTveloba. guriis
mTavarsardals imereTSi axali areulobis samTavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
dawyebisa eSinoda. aman garkveuli gaugebroba meored Sesvlis Semdeg (1810 wlidan) samTav-
gamoiwvia. Zneli dasadgeni xdeba faqtobrivi ro qveSevrdomobis pirobebSi Camoyalibebu-
mdgomareoba imereTSi. rusul oficialur li principebis mixedviT imarTeboda. guriis
dokumentebSic ki imereTis mmarTvel organod samTavrosaTvis umaRles moxeled imereTis
xan imereTis olqis droebiTi mmarTveloba,
mmarTveloba, xan droebiTi mmarTveli iTvleboda, romlis br-
imereTis droebiTi mTavrobaa moxseniebuli, Zanebebi usityvod unda Sesrulebuliyo. 1826
maSin, rodesac 1811 wlidan arc mmarTveloba wlis 21 noembers gardaicvala guriis mTavari
da arc mTavroba ar arsebobda. oficialuri mamia V gurieli
gurieli.. taxtis memkvidre daviTi am
dokumentebidan dgindeba: dros mcirewlovani iyo. daiwyo taxtisaTvis
1. imereTs (imereTis olqs) erTpirovnu- brZola. Seqmnili viTarebiT kargad isarge-
lad ganagebda imereTis mmarTveli
mmarTveli; bla ruseTis saimperatoro karma da niadagi
2. imereTis mmarTveli rusi generali moamzada guriis samTavros gauqmebisaTvis.
fiodor simonoviCi iyo, romelic imavdrou- SemuSavebuli iqna guriis samTavros mmarT-
lad imereTSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris velobis instruqcia Tu debuleba, romelic
sardladac iTvleboda; Semdegi Sinaarsisa iyo:
3. arsebobas ganagrZobda kolegialuri 1. guriis mTavris mamia svimonis Ze gu-
organo Zveli saxelwodebiT _ divanidivani,, ro- rielis gardacvalebis gamo guriaSi arsdeba
melic Sedgeboda imereli Tavadebisa da azn- `guriis
guriis samTavros mmarTvelobis sabWo
sabWo“;
“;
aurebisagan SerCeuli oTxi mdivanbegisagan
mdivanbegisagan;; 2. guriis samTavros mmarTvelobis sabWo
4. divani imereTis mmarTvels emorCile- Sedgeba eqvsi wevrisagan. sabWos Tavmjdo-
boda da erTgvar saTaTbiro organos war- mared iTvleba gardacvlili mTavris meuRle
moadgenda; _ dedofali sofiosofio;
5. divnis movaleobas Seadgenda samoqa- 3. sabWos wevrebi unda aerCiaT imereTis
laqo saqmeebisa da saCivrebis ganxilva. saqmis droebiT mmarTvelsa da sabWos Tavmjdomares
ganxilvis Semdeg ukmayofilo mxares ufleba rusuli orientaciis momxre guruli Ta-
hqonda imereTis mmarTvelisaTvis miemarTa, vadebisagan. sabWos Semadgenlobas amtkiceb-
romlis gadawyvetileba saboloo iyo; da saqarTvelos mTavarsardali;
6. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi samxedro 4. guriis samTavros mmarTvelobis sab-
sasamarTloSi ixileboda, saboloo ganaCeni Wos unda emoqmeda manam, sanam taxtis memkvi-
ki imereTis mmarTvels gamohqonda; dre daviTi srulwlovani gaxdeboda;
7. garkveuli periodidan okrugebis 5. sabWos uflebamosileba ganisazRvre-
(mazrebis) ufrosebs, garda administraciuli boda Sinauri saqmeebis ganxilviT. mZime da-
funqciisa, sasamarTlo da safinanso fun- naSaulis saqmeebs sabWo imereTis mmarTvels
qciebic daekisraT. ugzavnida ganaCenis gamosatanad;
mogvianebiT peterburgidan imereTSi Ca- 6. sabWos saqmeebi unda gadaewyvita
suli senatorebi pavel kutaisovi da evgraf xmebis umravlesobiT, Tanabari xmebis SemTx-
meCnikovi aRniSnavdnen: àmJamad imereTs ga- vevaSi upiratesoba eniWeboda sabWos Tavmj-
nagebs igive droebiTi mTavroba, romelsac domaris xmas;
1814 wels safuZveli Cauyara mTavarsardal 7. sabWos unda aRericxa mis mier ganxi-
rtiSCevis TviTnebobam. am mmarTvelobaSi luli sakiTxebi;
Tavmoyrilia: sasamarTlo, samoqalaqo, ad- 8. yvela saCivari da dokumenti sabWoSi
ministraciuli, safinanso da sabaJo nawilic unda Sesuliyo ara sabWos Tavmjdomaris an
ki. samoqalaqo saqmeebs is wyvets zogjer misi romelime wevris saxelze, aramed sabWos
rusuli, zogjer qarTuli kanonebis, xolo saxelze;
zogjer adaTebis mixedviT. sisxlis samarT- 9. Tu sabWo aucileblad miiCnevda guri-
335
aSi axali dawesebulebis daarsebas, mas Suamd- ruseTSi aRzrdili dimitri ServaSiZe.
ServaSiZe. 1822
gomlobiT unda miemarTa imereTis droebiTi wlis 16 oqtombers dimitri ServaSiZe garda-
mmarTvelobisaTvis. sakiTxi sabolood saqa- icvala. igi osmaluri orientaciis momxreeb-
rTvelos mTavarsardals unda gadaewyvita; ma mowamles. ruseTis imperatorma afxazeTis
10. sabWos zustad unda daecva ruseTis mTavrad dimitri ServaSiZis umcrosi Zma, 16
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis dros (1810 wlis mixeil ServaSiZe (1822-1864) daamtkica.
wels) mTavris, mamiaV gurielis, nakisri val- mixeil ServaSiZes TavgamodebiT ebrZodnen
debulebebi. osmaluri orientaciis momxre Tavadebi. ru-
guriis samTavros mmarTvelobis sabWom seTis imperatorma afxazeTSi ganlagebuli
iarseba samTavros gauqmebamde. samTavros ruseTis jaris meTaurs osmaluri orienta-
gauqmebis (1828 w.) Semdeg Seiqmna guriis olqi.
olqi ciis Tavadebisagan mixeil ServaSiZis dacva
3. samegrelos samTavros mmarTveloba.
mmarTveloba. da mTavris saqmianobaze mudmivi kontroli
samegrelos samTavros ruseTis imperiis daavala. meTauri Tavisi saqmianobis Sesaxeb
qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg samTavros regularulad ugzavnida angariSs saqarT-
mmarTvelobaSi TiTqmis araferi Secvlila. velos mTavarsardals. XIX saukunis 30-ian
ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, samTavro im prin- wlebSi ruseTis jarebma TandaTan daikaves
cipebis mixedviT imarTeboda, romlebic ru- afxazeTis TiTqmis yvela strategiuli pun-
seTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis dros qti: bombora, biWvinTa, gagra da sxv. ase rom,
(1804 w.) ganisazRvra. samTavros gauqmebamdec rusebma mtkiced
1804 wlis 30 oqtombers moulodnelad moikides fexi afxazeTSi.
gardaicvala samegrelos mTavari grigol 5. svaneTis samTavros mmarTveloba. svane-
dadiani. taxtis memkvidred ruseTis im- Ti ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis
peratorma daamtkica misi vaJi levanilevani,, ro- droisaTvis sam nawilad iyofoda: 1. Tavisuf-
melic mamis gardacvalebis dros 12 wlisa ali svaneTi
svaneTi;; 2. sadadiano svaneTi
svaneTi;; 3. sabatono
iyo. samegrelos samTavros marTva-gamgeobis anu sadadeSqeliano svaneTi.
mizniT daarsda sabWo
sabWo,, romlis Tavmjdomared Tavisufal svaneTs eWira mdinare en-
mTavris qvrivi da levanis deda nino iTvle- guris zemoweli. mas mTavari ar hyavda da
boda, xolo wevrebi iyvnen: Tavadi niko dadi- Tavisufali Temebis kavSirs warmoadgenda.
ani,, Wyondideli mitropoliti besarioni
ani besarioni,, sax- sadadiano svaneTs mdinare cxeniswylis saT-
lTuxucesi Tavadi giorgi Ciqovani
Ciqovani,, leCxumis aveebTan mdebare teritoria eWira. 1804 wels
mouravi beri gelovani.
gelovani. sabWos saqmianobas sadadiano svaneTi samegrelos Semadgenlo-
kontrols uwevda saqarTvelos mTavarsarda- baSi gadavida. sabatono anu sadadeSqeliano
li, Tumca samTavros Sinaur saqmeebSi rusebi svaneTi oTxi sazogadoebisagan Sedgeboda.
aqtiurad ar ereodnen. es sazogadoebebi iyo: Cubuxevi, eceri, beCo,
formalurad levan dadiani samegrelos leCyani.
leCyani
mTavari 1804-1840 wlebSi iyo. misi mTavro- sabatono svaneTs dadeSqelianebi
bis wlebSi samTavroSi rusuli mmarTveloba flobdnen. ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
ar SemouRiaT, miuxedavad imisa, rom samegre- Sesvlis win dadeSqelianebis sagvareulodan
loSi ruseTis jarebi idga. levan dadianis yvelaze Zlieri TaTaryan dadiSqeliani iyo.
TxovniT, ruseTis imperatorma samTavros TaTaryans mTavris taxts ecileboda cioy
taxtis memkvidred misi Svili, ruseTSi aR- dadiSqeliani..
dadiSqeliani svaneTis qveSevrdomobaSi
zrdili daviT dadiani (1840-1853) daamtkica. miRebis Semdeg 1833 wels ruseTis impera-
4. afxazeTis samTavros mmarTveloba. torma TaTaryan da cioy dadeSqelians Soris
1810 wels, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, giorgi mtyuan-marTali ar gaarCia da orive svane-
ServaSiZe ruseTis imperatorma afxazeTis Tis mTavrad daamtkica. sabatono svaneTi or
mTavrad daamtkica, imave wels ruseTis jarma nawilad gaiyo: TaTaryan dadiSqelians (naT-
qalaqi soxumi aiRo. giorgi ServaSiZe afxa- lobis saxeli mixeili) eceri da beCo ergo,
zeTis mTavari 1821 wlamde iyo. misi mTavro- xolo cioy dadiSqelians (naTlobis saxeli
bis wlebSi afxazeTi im principebis mixedviT nikolozi) _ Cubuxevi. ruseTis imperiis qve-
imarTeboda, romlebic qveSevrdomobis piro- SevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg svaneTSi Zveli
bebSi iyo Camoyalibebuli. 1821 wlidan afxa- tradiciuli mmarTveloba darCa, rusuli
zeTis mTavari gaxda giorgi ServaSiZis vaJi, mmarTveloba mogvianebiT iqna SemoRebuli.
336
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XVIII. aleqsei ermolovi kavkasiaSi. kavkasiis didi omebis dasawyisi
ruseTis imperiam 1802-1810 wlebSi qar- da iranSi ruseTis sagangebo elCad daniSna.
Tuli samefo-samTavroebi ise daipyro, rom daniSvnis droisaTvis generali 39 wlis iyo.
Crdilo kavkasiaSi fexi myarad mokidebuli 1819-1820 wlebSi calkeuli qarTuli korpusi
ar hqonda. uzarmazar sivrceze _ Savi zR- calkeul kavkasiis korpusad gardaiqmna da
vidan (mdinare yubanis SesarTavidan) kaspiis aleqsei ermolovi calkeuli kavkasiis korpu-
zRvamde (mdinare Tergis SesarTavamde) _ sis mTavarsardali (kavkasiis mTavarsardali)
mosaxle Crdilo kavkasiis islamis aRmsare- gaxda.
beli avtoqtoni xalxebis didi nawili ru- aleqsei ermolovs oTxi urTulesi
seTs jer kidev ar daepyro, xolo dapyrobil sakiTxi unda gadaeWra: 1. urTierTobis mogva-
xalxebSi (CerqezebSi, CeCnebSi da sxv.) mudmivi reba iranTan da mosalodneli omis SemTxveva-
ajanyebebi mimdinareobda. Crdilo kavkasiis Si samxreT kavkasiaSi ruseT-iranis sazRvris
dapyrobas xeli SeuSala iseTma movlenebma, gamagreba; 2. kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli ruse-
rogoric iyo: XIX saukunis damdegs evropa- Tis jarebis brZolisunarianobis amaRleba
Si napoleonis winaaRmdeg mimdinare omebSi da samxedro mmarTvelobis reorganizacia; 3.
(1805-1807 ww.) ruseTis monawileoba, ruseT- Crdilo kavkasiis dapyroba; 4. kavkasiaSi, da
iranis omi (1804-1813 ww.), ruseT-osmaleTis upirveles yovlisa saqarTveloSi, rusuli
omi (1806-1812 ww.), 1812 wlis samamulo omi da samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis mowesrigeba.
ruseTis armiis laSqroba evropaSi (1813-1814 1. aleqsei ermolovis Camosvla saqarT-
ww.). XIX saukunis 10-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan veloSi da misi pirveli RonisZiebani. 1816
ruseTi Crdilo kavkasiis dapyrobas Seudga. wlis 20 seqtembers aleqsei ermolovi kavka-
omebi 1864 wlamde gagrZelda da istoriaSi siis xazze, georgievskis cixe-simagreSi, Cavi-
kavkasiis didi omebis saxeliT Sevida. kavka- da, saidanac Tbilisisaken gamoemarTa. 10 oq-
siaSi ruseTis koloniuri politikis axali tombers igi ukve mcxeTaSi iyo. saqarTvelos
etapisa da kavkasiis didi omebis dasawyisi mTavarsardals surda, rom mcxeTidan Tbili-
dakavSirebulia gamoCenili rusi samxedro da sisaken mimavals Tavi aeridebina rusi samx-
saxelmwifo moRvawis general aleqsi ermo- edro da samoqalaqo moxeleebisa da Tbilisis
lovis (1777-1861) saxelTan. sazogadoebis mier dagegmili sazeimo Sexve-
drisaTvis. amitom iyo, rom igi mcxeTidan im
gzas ki ar daadga, romelic vereze gavliT
§1. aleqsei ermolovis moRvaweobis dasawisi ka- Sedioda qalaqSi, aramed mtkvris marcxena na-
vkasiaSi pirs gahyva, gaiara didube
didube,, kukia da CuRu-
reTis gziT Sevida TbilisSi. Tavis droze
1816 wlis aprilis bolos ruseTis im-
mcxeTidan Tbilisamde swored es gza gaiares
peratorma aleqsandr I-ma TavisTan ixmo 1812
general-maior ivan lazarevisa da general-
wlis samamulo omis gmiri, ruseTis imperiaSi
maior vasili guliakovis polkebma. ermolovs
Zalze popularuli generali aleqsei ermo-
megzurobas uwevda TbilisSi dabadebuli misi
lovi da mas saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad
adiutanti Stabs-kapitani vasili bebuTovi.
bebuTovi.
da iranSi ruseTis sagangebo elCad daniSvna
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis qalaqSi Semos-
SesTavaza. imperators ermolovi ar uyvarda,
vla aravis gaugia, igi pirdapir saqarTvelos
rac am Sexvedris drosac ar daumalavs da
mTavarsardal nikolai rtiSCevis reziden-
masTan misul generals pirdapir uTxra:
ciisaken gaemarTa. ermolovi dauyonebliv
Tqveni daniSvna aleqsei arakCeevma (gamoCeni-
Seudga Tavisi movaleobis aRsrulebas. 1816
li samxedro da saxelmwifo moRvawe, imJamad
wlis 12 oqtombers man gamosca pirveli br-
imperatoris kancelariis ufrosi) da piotr
Zaneba calkeuli qarTuli korpusisadmi. ase
volkonskim (ruseTis jarebis mTavari Sta-
daiwyo èrmolovis epoqa~ kavkasiaSi.
bis ufrosi) mirCieso. 1816 wlis 29 ivniss,
Crdilo kavkasiasa (kavkasiis xazze) da
aleqsandr I-ma general-leitenanti aleqsei
samxreT kavkasiaSi (saqarTveloSi) ganlageb-
ermolovi calkeuli qarTuli korpusis mTa-
uli ruseTis jarebis mdgomareobis gacnobis
varsardlad ((saqarTvelos
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad),
mTavarsardlad),
Semdeg aleqsei ermolovma daaskvna, rom jari
saqarTvelos, astraxanisa da kavkasiis guber-
metad arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSi imyofe-
niebis samoqalaqo nawilis mTavarmmarTeblad
337
boda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel cici- si amocana Crdilo kavkasiis dapyroba iyo.
anovis (1802-1806) mier ganxorcielebuli dapy- Crdilo kavkasiaSi brZolebis dawyebamde ki
robebis Semdeg ruseTis samflobelo samxreT iran-ruseTis daZabuli urTierToba unda
kavkasiaSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda, magram ci- mogvarebuliyo. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ru-
cianovis mkvlelobis Semdeg araferi gakeTe- seTs or frontze mouwevda omi. am urTule-
bula ruseT-iranis axali sazRvris dacvi- si amocanebis gadaWras ermolovi im samxedro
saTvis. iranTan omis SemTxvevaSi safrTxe da samoqalaqo moxeleebze dayrdnobiT ver
aramarto sazRvrispira raionebs, aramed SeZlebda, romlebic mas 1816 wels TbilisSi
Tbilissac emuqreboda. igive mdgomareoba daxvdnen. pirveli dReebidanve saqarTvelos
iyo Crdilo kavkasiaSic. kavkasiis xazze gan- axali mTavarsardali Rirseuli Tanamebr-
lagebuli ruseTis jarebi sruliad moumza- Zolebis Tavmoyras Seudga. man qaTuli ko-
debeli iyo omisaTvis, Crdilo kavkasiis mus- rpusis Stabis ufrosad polkovniki aleqsei
limi xalxebis erToblivi Tavdasxmis SemTx- aleqsandres Ze veliaminovi (veliaminov II) dan-
vevaSi rusebi mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnde- iSna. daniSvnis droisaTvis igi 28 wlisa iyo,
bodnen. ruseTis saimperatoro kars, piradad magram ukve hqonda didi gamocdileba, monaw-
imperator aleqsandr I-s, sagareo saqmeTa sa- ileobda ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebisa
ministros, samxedro saministrosa da mTavar da 1812 wlis samamulo omebSi. didi saomari
Stabs ar gaaCndaT im samxedro-politikuri gamocdilebis mqone profesionali samxedro
RonisZiebebis erTiani koncefcia, romelic da amave dros mkacri da daundobeli aleq-
Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiaSi unda gatarebu- sei veliaminovi swored is pirovneba iyo,
liyo. pavel cicianovma seriozuli RonisZie- romelsac wesrigi unda Seetana gadagvarebul
bebi gaatara saqarTveloSi rusuli samxedro da korufciaSi Caflul saqarTvelos rusul
da samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis mowesrigebis samxedro mmarTvelobaSi. garda amisa, aleq-
mizniT, magram misi mkvlelobis Semdeg daw- sei veliaminovs sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi unda
yebuli reformebi SeCerda. erTiani koncef- moeyvana Crdilo kavkasiis xazze ganlagebuli
ciis ararsebobis gamo araTanmimdevrulad da ruseTis jarebi. am jarebis sabrZolo mzady-
dabneulad moqmedebdnen cicianovis Semdgomi ofna Zalze dabal doneze idga, risi erT-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlebi: ivan gudovi- erTi mizezic kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardlis
Ci (1806-1809), aleqsandr tormasovi (1809- general-maior ivan delpocos susti mmarT-
1811), filip pauluCi (1811-1812) da nikolai veloba iyo. aleqsei ermolovs ivan delpo-
rtiSCevi (1812-1816). kavkasiaSi gasatarebeli cos gadayeneba surda, magram misi Semcvleli
samxedro-politikuri RonisZiebebis erTiani ver SearCia da droebiT Tavi Seikava. es ki
koncefciis SemuSavebas da am RonisZiebebis imas niSnavda, rom kavkasiis xazze ganlage-
cxovrebaSi gatarebas xeli SeuSala imave buli jarebis sabrZolo mzayofnaSi moyvana
movlenebma, ramac Seaferxa Crdilo kavkasi- aleqsei veliaminovs unda daewyo, romelsac
is dapyroba: XIX saukunis damdegs evropaSi male ermolovis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze
safrangeTis winaaRmdeg mimdinare koaliciur general-maioris samxedro wodeba mieniWa.
omebSi (1805-1807 ww.) ruseTis monawileobam, aleqsei ermolovis TbilisSi Camosvlis
ruseT-iranis (1804-1813 ww.), ruseT-osmale- droisaTvis Tbilisis gubernatori da saqa-
Tis omebma (1806-1812 ww.), 1812 wlis samamulo rTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTveli pav-
omma, 1804 wlis ajanyebam aRmosavleT saqarT- el cicianovis TanamebrZoli general-maiori
velos mTianeTSi da 1812 wlis kaxeTis ajanye- karl stali iyo. samxreT kavkasiaSi ganla-
bam. ase rom, ermolovs TbilisSi Camosvlis gebuli ruseTis jarebs meTaurobda saxel-
pirvelive dRidanve mouxda im problemebis ganTqmuli generali piotr kotliarevski
kotliarevski,,
gadasaWrelad zrunva, romlebic TandaTan romelic mZime Wrilobebis miRebis Semdeg
grovdeboda saqarTveloSi rusuli mmarTv- sami wlis ganmavlobaSi praqtikulad Tavis
elobis damyarebis pirveli xanebidanve (1802 movaleobas veRar asrulebda. Seityo Tu
w.). ermolovs rom marto saqarTveloSi ru- ara ermolovis daniSnva, 1816 wlis oqtomb-
sul mmarTvelobaSi arsebuli seriozuli erSi kotrialevski Tanamdebobidan gadadga.
naklovanebebi hqonoda aRmosafxvreli, am mis nacvlad samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli
problemas SedarebiT advilad gadaWrida, jarebis meTaurad ermolovma general-maiori
magram saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis umTavre- aleqsandr kutuzovi daniSna.
338
vaxtang guruli
1816 wlis oqtombrisaTvis, aleqsei er- 2.760 rigiTi, 131 arasamwyobro momzadebis
molovis TbilisSi Camosvlis droisaTvis, samxedro mosamsaxure. calkeuli qarTuli
Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli korpusis kavaleria niJegorodis dragunTa
iyo ruseTis jarebis Semdegi nawilebi: gre- polkis, donis kazakTa 15 polkis, Crdilo
naderTa 2 polki
polki,, karabinerTa 1 polki, qveiTTa kavkasiel kazakTa 1 polkisa da astraxanel
8 polki, egerTa 4 polki. es polkebi gayofili kazakTa razmisagan Sedgeboda. niJegoro-
iyo or diviziad:
diviziad: me-19 da me-20 diviziebad da dis dragunTa polkSi, romelic kaxeTSi iyo
1 sarezervo brigadad.
brigadad. me-19 divizia ganlage- ganlagebuli, 7 eskadroni iyo, TiToeulSi
buli iyo Crdilo kavkasiaSi _ kavkasiis xazze, Statis mixedviT 126 umcrosi oficeri, 1.260
romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda:
Sedioda: suzdalis rigiTi da 97 arasamwyobro momzadebis samx-
qveiTTa, vologdis qveiTTa, yazanis qveiTTa, edro mosamsaxure iricxeboda. donis kazakTa
egerTa me-15, egerTa me-16, egerTa me-19 polke- 15 polkisagan 9 samxreT kavkasiaSi, xolo 6
Crdilo kavkasiaSi iyo ganlagebuli. donis
kazakTa TiToeul polkSi 10 uriadniki da 500
rigiTi iricxeboda, xolo Crdilo kavkasiel
kazakTa polkSi _ 18 uriadniki da 482 rigiTi.
samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlagebul calkeul qa-
rTul korpusSi, garda zemoT CamoTvlili-
sa, Sedioda 6 saartirelio aseuli, kazakTa
1 saartilerio sakavalerio razmi, 3 sagar-
nizono polki, da 6 sagarnizono batalioni.
sul Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlage-
buli ruseTis jarebi 45.000 qveiTsa da 6.929
kavalerists iTvlida, romelTac SeiaraReba-
ze hqondaT sxvadasxva tipis 131 zarbazani. am
Zalebis ori mesamedi samxreT kavkasiaSi iyo
gadmosrolili.
aleqsei ermolovma Crdilo da samxreT
kavkasiaSi arsebul ruseTis jarebis ganla-
gebaSi zogierTi cvlileba Seitana: karabin-
erTa me-7 polki SuSidan qarTlSi gadmoiyva-
na, xolo SuSaSi egerTa me-9 polki gagzavna,
romelic manamde SuragelSi idga. Tbilisis
aleqsei ermolovi qveiTTa polks daubrunes batalioni, ro-
melic sazRvarze arsebul saguSagoebze
bi. me-20 divizia ganlagebuli iyo samxreT ka- idga da mTeli polki bambaksa da Suragel-
vkasiaSi, ZiriTadad saqarTveloSi. diviziis Si ganalages. calkeuli qarTuli korpusis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda: troickis qveiTTa, SemadgenlobaSi iTvleboda kaspiis sazRvao
yabardos qveiTTa, Tbilisis qveiTTa, belevskis batalioni da 3 sagarnizono polki
polki.. es polke-
qveiTTa, sevastopolis qveiTTa da egerTa 17-e bi iyo: astraxanis, vladikavkazisa da guriis
guriis..
polkebi.. sarezervo qveiT brigadaSi Sedioda:
polkebi guriis polki Savi zRvis sanapiroze wmin-
qarTvel grenaderTa, xersonis grenaderTa, da nikolozis (SekveTilis) simagreSi idga.
karabinerTa me-7 polkebi
polkebi.. egerTa me-17 polki yizlaris, mozdokis, baqos, derbentisa da len-
qarTlSi, sofel qveSSi, idga, xolo karabin- qoranis batalionebi (6.000 oficeri da ja-
erTa me-7 da qarTvel grenaderTa polkebi riskaci) mudmivad unda mdgariyvnen dislo-
kaxeTSi iyo ganlagebuli. xersonis grenader- kaciis adgilze, ris gamoc omis SemTxvevaSi
Ta polki gorSi idga, xolo karabinerTa me-7 maTi gamoyeneba SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
polki _ yarabaRSi (SuSaSi). 1815 wels Seicv- 1817 wlis 10 ianvars aleqsei ermolovi
ala polkebis dakompleqtebis wesi. axali aleqsandr voroncovs swerda: kavkasiaSi gan-
wesis Tanaxmad, qveiTTa polkSi 3 batalioni lagebul ruseTis jarebSi saSineli uwes-
unda yofiliyo. polkis saStato Semadgen- rigobaa, saukeTeso generlebi ukve cocxlebi
loba ase ganisazRvra: 240 umcrosi oficeri, aRar arian; saxelganTqmuli generali piotr
339
kotliarevski Cemi CamosvlisTanave gadadga; da yvela maTgans mouwodebda SeenarCunebiaT

saxelganTqmulma da mamacma generalma dimi- Rirseba.
tri lisaneviCma piroba momca, rom ori weli aleqsei ermolovs gaaCnda erTi damaxa-
kidev imsaxurebda; cocxali aRar aris gener- siaTebeli Tviseba: arasdros ar aCqardeboda
ali fiodor simonoviCi da kidev bevri sxva; da ori saqmis keTebas erTad ar iwyebda. ami-
darCenili generlebisa da oficrebis nax- tom iyo, rom igi TbilisSi Camosvlis Semdeg,
evari gadasayenebelia, magram maT mimarT Sem- pirvel rigSi, qarTuli korpusis brZolisu-
wynarebloba davuSvi mxolod imis gamo, rom narianobis amaRlebiT iyo dakavebuli. iranSi
axla maTi gadayeneba SeuZlebelia; aucilebe- diplomatiuri misiiT gamgzavrebamde (1817
lia mkacri RonisZiebebis gatareba. wlis aprili) ermolovma saqarTvelos samo-
aleqsei ermolovi qarTuli korpusis qalaqo mmarTvelobaSi aucilebeli cvlile-
oficrebidan gamoyofda Tbilisis qveiTTa bebi ver Seitana da es metad mniSvnelovani
me-15 polkis meTaurs podpolkovnik konstan- saqme droebiT gadado. iranSi gamgzavrebis
tine savarsamiZes
savarsamiZes,, romelsac, saqarTvelos win saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma ramdenime
mTavarsardlis azriT, SeeZlo aenazRaure- brZaneba gamosca: saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli
bina is danaklisi, rac cnobili generlebis jarebis sardloba general-maior aleqsandr
gardacvalebis Sedegad ganicada qarTulma kutuzovs daevala; kavkasiis xazis mTavarsar-
korpusma. garda konstantine savarsamiZisa, dal ivan delpocos ufleba mieca saqarT-
mTavarsardali maRal Sefasebas aZlevda me- velos mTavarsardlis iranSi yofnis period-
19 saartilerio brigadis meTaur polkovnik Si saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi pirdapir miemarTa
aleqsandr bazileviCs
bazileviCs,, me-20 saartilerio ruseTis jarebis mTavari Stabis ufrosisa da
brigadis aseulis meTaur polkovnik pi- imperatorisaTvis; kavkasiisa da astraxanis
otr gorCakovs
gorCakovs,, egerTa me-9 polkis meTaur gubernatorebs ufleba miecaT saWiroebis
polkovnik iosif reuts, egerTa me-15 polkis SemTxvevaSi pirdapir ruseTis imperiis sena-
meTaur polkovnik ivan puzirevskis, egerTa me- tisaTvis miemarTaT; saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
16 polkis meTaur polkovnik nikolai grekovs nawili isev general-maior karl stals unda
da egerTa me-17 polkis meTaur polkovnik ganego. am brZanebebis gamocemis Semdeg er-
karl fon krabbes. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- molovi werda: vici, rom mmarTvelobis aseTi
dali apirebda zemoT CamoTvlili polkebis danawileba uwesrigobamde migviyvans, magram
meTaurebi generlis wodebaze waredgina. imis gamo, rom ara myavs saTanado pirovne-
ermolovis yuradReba miiqcia niJegorodis ba isev marTvelobis danawileba varCie. um-
dragunTa polkis meTaurma polkovnikma kli- Tavresi movaleoba general-maior aleqsandr
movskim da qarTvel dragunTa polkis meTau- kutuzovs davakisre, radagan yvelaze metad
rma polkovnikma diaCkovma
diaCkovma,, romelTa generl- mas vendobi.
is wodebaze wardgenisagan saqarTvelos mTa- iranSi gamgzavrebis win aleqsei ermo-
varsardalma Tavi Seikava maTi udisciplino- lovma kidev ori mniSvnelovani gankargule-
bisa da oficrisaTvis Seuferebeli saqcielis ba gasca. ermolovis kavkasiaSi daniSvnamde
gamo. ruseTis xelisufleba (kavkasiis xazis mTa-
qarTuli korpusis brZolisunarianobis varsardlebi da saqarTvelos mTavarsardle-
amaRlebas xels uSlida wlebis ganmavloba- bi) Crdilo kavkasiis muslim mmarTvelebTan
Si damkvidrebuli mavne praqtika. korpusSi debdnen sxvadasxva Sinaarsis samSvidobo
igzavnebodnen iseTi ufrosi da umcrosi xelSekrulebas. aseTi xelSekrulebebi ide-
oficrebi, romlebic oficrisaTvis miuRe- boda aramarto cnobil muslim mmarTvelebT-
beli saqcieliT gamoirCeodnen da praqtiku- an (xanebTan), aramed ubralo CeCen mamasax-
lad, saqarTveloSi sasjels ixdidnen. amis lisebTanac ki. aseT politikas ar atarebdnen
gamo qarTul korpusSi daeca disciplina da mxolod pavel cicianovi da filip pauluCi.
garkveuli periodis Semdeg brZolisunari- pauluCi, marTalia, cicianovis gzas daadga,
anobac. oficrebis uRirsma saqcielma biZgi magram verafris gakeTeba moaswro, radgan
misca jariskacebis uRirs saqciels. 1817 wlis misma mmarTvelobam Zalze mcire xans gastana.
16 aprils qarTuli korpusisadmi brZanebaSi Crdilo kavkasiaSi mdgomareobis Seswavlis
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aRniSnavda zo- Semdeg ermolovma daaskvna: muslim mmarTve-
gierTi oficris miuRebeli saqcielis Sesaxeb lebsa da mamasaxlisebTan samSvidobo xelSek-
340
vaxtang guruli
rulebis dadeba samarcxvino iyo ruseTis im- rom samxedro Zala ar gamoeyenebina im Sem-
periisaTvis. aseTi politikuri kursi saqarT- TxvevaSic ki, Tu anwuxelebi aleqsandre ba-
velos mTavarsardalma aleqsandre batoniS- toniSvilis nebayoflobiT gadacemaze uars
vilis mimarTac gaatara. ityodnen. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals xun-
2. aleqsei ermolovis urTierToba ale- ZebTan urTierTobis daZabvis ar eSinoda, mas
qsandre batoniSvilTan. aleqsei ermolo- iranis pozicia afiqrebda. marTlac, Sahi xun-
vis TbilisSi Camosvlis droisaTvis, 1813 Zebs daemuqra da aleqsandre batoniSvilis
wels, xevsureTidan ltolvili aleqsandre iranSi gaSveba moiTxova. or cecxls Sua mox-
batoniSvili jer kidev Crdilo kavkasiaSi, vedrili anwuxelebi iZulebuli gaxdnen eqvsi
xunZaxSi, sofel anwuxSi
anwuxSi,, afarebda Tavs. ale- kaci iranSi mZevlad gaegzavnaT da 1817 wlis
qsandrem iranSi gadawyvita dabruneba da Sa- gazafxulze aleqsandre batoniSvilis iranSi
his karisagan amisaTvis aucilebeli Tanxac gaSvebis piroba daedoT. batoniSvilma iranSi
Tavisi warmomadgeneli Tavadi ivane ciciSvi-
li gagzavna. ciciSvils batoniSvilma erevnis
xanTan daabara, rom igi rusebis winaaRmdeg
brZolas arasdros Sewyvetda, Tanac acnoba,
rom 1817 wlis TebervalSi an ufro adre ere-
vanSi Cavidoda. ciciSvili da misi Tanmxlebi
pirebi iranis sazRvarze gadasvlisas rusebma
daakaves. mas aleqsandre batoniSvilis abas
mirzasadmi miwerili werili upoves. batoniS-
vili iranis taxtis memkvidres swerda, rom
mis iranSi gamgzavrebas didTovloba afer-
xebda. ermolovis gankargulebiT ciciSvili
da misi Tanmxlebi pirebi cixeSi Casves. er-
molovma xunZebTan (anwuxelebTan) mSvidobi-
an urTierTobaze uari Tqva da 1816 wlis 18
noembers muqariT aRsavse werili gaugzavna
maT. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali maTgan sami
kviris ganmavlobaSi aleqsandre batoniSvi-
lis gadacemas moiTxovda, winmaaRmdeg Sem-
TxvevaSi ermolovi anwuxelebs emuqreboda,
rom mosisxle mters, War-belaqnel lekebs,
ivan veliaminovi Seusevda da dedabudianad amoawyvetinebda
maT. anwuxelebis mxridan moTxovnis Seus-
miiRo. man Tavisi amalis didi nawili iran- ruleblobis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos mTa-
Si gauSva, gamgzavrebas apirebda TviTonac, varsardali ivane ciciSvilsa da mis Tanmxleb
magram moulodnelad anwuxelebma iranSi pirebs sikvdiliT dasjiT emuqreboda.
gamgzavrebis saSualeba ar misces da urCies anwuxelebisaTvis gagzavnilma muqaris
yizlarSi (rusuli simagre Crdilo kavkasiaSi) werilma Sedegi ar gamoiRo. aleqsei ermo-
wasuliyo. 1816 wlis oqtomberSi anwuxelebma lovs anwuxelebi pasuxad werdnen, rom maT
Svidkaciani delegacia gagzavnes kavkasiis xa- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalTan saqmis daWera
zis mTavarsardal general-maior ivan del- ar surdaT da cnobdnen mxolod erTaderT
pocosTan,, raTa ruseTis imperatorisadmi
pocosTan xelisufals _ kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardals
morCileba da erTguleba daedasturebinaT. general-maior ivan delpocos, romelsac xun-
es imas niSnavda, rom anwuxSi myofi aleqsan- Zebi `yizlaris generals~ uwodebdnen. aSkara
dre batoniSvili xunZebs SeiZleboda ruse- iyo, rom saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis muqaris
Tis xelisuflebisaTvis gadaecaT. generalma werilma xunZaxSi viTareba daZaba. xunZebTan
delpocom anwuxelebis werili didi sixaru- urTierTobis mogvareba delpocos meSveobiT
liT miiRo da 1816 wlis 25 oqtombers mad- ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom scada.
lierebiT aRsavse werilic gaugzavna maT. er- sul ufro cxadi xdeboda, rom xunZebi ru-
molovma politikuri mosazrebiT gadawyvita, seTis erTaderT warmomadgenlad ivan del-
341
pocos cnobdnen da ara aleqsei ermolovs. aleqsei ermolovis werilze xunZebis

anwuxelebma saqarTvelos mTavarsardals aseTma kategoriulma pasuxma avariis xan
misweres: `yovlis SemZle alahs vficavT, rom ahmeds survili aRuZra Suamavlis roli ekis-
Cvenis mxridan emir aleqsandre xanis Ralati ra. avariis xani imxanad ruseTTan kargi urT-
ar iqneba. Sen werilSi iTxov aleqsandre xanis ierTobis SenarCunebas cdilobda. mas surda,
gadacemas. alhis winaSe vacxadebT, rom Cven rom Tu anwuxSi myof aleqsandre batoniSvils
ar vuRalatebT da veragobas ar CavidenT mis yizlarSi gamgzavrebaze ver daiTanxmebda, ma-
mimarT, Tundac Sen amowyvito mTeli Cveni Sin anwuxidan gamoetyuebina da rusebisaTvis
xalxi, maT Soris Cveni qalebi da bavSvebi. gadaeca. ahmed xanis Suamavloba uSedegod
sxvagvar moqcevas Cvengan nu eli. Cven Sevas- damTavrda: aleqsandre batoniSvilma yizlar-
rulebT imas, rasac gvibrZanebs rusi fadiSa- Si gamgzavrebaze uari ganacxada.
hi (imperatori _ v.g.). Cveni erTaderTi gzaa: aleqsei ermolovis cda iranSi diplo-
matiuri misiiT gamgzavrebamde, aleqsandre
batoniSvilis sakiTxi gadaeWra, uperspeqti-
vo Canda. arada sagareo saqmeTa saministro
saqarTvelos mTavarsardals batoniSvilis
ruseTSi gagzavnas Txovda. ruseTis imperiis
sagareo saqmeTa ministri karl neselrode
aleqsandre batoniSvilis iranSi dabrunebas
miuReblad miiCnevda. ministris moTxovnas
gaRizianebuli ermolovi ase pasuxobda: ara-
viTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs, sad iqneba ale-
qsandre batoniSvili _ iranSi Tu ruseTSi.
sxvagvarad fiqrobda iranis taxtis memkvidre
abas mirza. misi azriT, iranSi ruseTis impe-
riis sruluflebiani elCis, aleqsei ermo-
lovis, Casvlamde iq aleqsandre batoniSvili
unda Casuliyo.
3. ruseT-iranis urTierToba kavkasiaSi
aleqsei ermolovis daniSvnis droisaTvis
droisaTvis.
aleqsei ermolovs imperatorma erT-erT mTa-
var amocanad iranTan urTierTobis mogvare-
aleqsei veliaminovi ba dausaxa. saqme is iyo, rom gulisTanis zavis
(1813 w. 12 oqtomberi) ratifikacia iranis Sah
SevasruloT rusi fadiSahis neba, romelmac feThi alis (baba xans) jerac ar moexdina. irani
gvibrZana davemorCiloT yizlaris gener- cdilobda zavis Tanaxmad ruseTisaTvis daT-
als (general-maior ivan delpocos _ v.g.), mobili teritoriebi (yarabaRisa da ganjis
romelsac fadiSahisagan aseTive brZaneba saxanoebi, Saqis, Sirvanis, derbentis, yubis,
aqvs micemuli. yizlaris generlis garda Cven baqos da TaliSis saxanoebis nawili, saqarT-
aravis ar movusmenT. Tu gsurT Sens mier da- velos istoriuli teritoria War-belaqani)
kavebuli Cveni xalxi yizlaris generalTan mTlianad an nawilobriv ukan daebrunebina,
gamouSvi. Cven zavis dadebas vapirebT, Tu rasac, cxadia, ruseTi ver dauSvebda. gu-
zavi ar gsurs, moiqeci ise, rogorc genebos. lisTanis zavis pirobebis gadasinjvis mizniT
Cven miviReT Seni muqariT aRsavse werili, diplomatiuri brZola didxans mimdinareob-
gvemuqrebi, rom gadawvav Cvens saxlebs, daxo- da. 1814 wlis ivlisis dasasruls TbilisSi
cav Cvens Svilebs. alahis winaSe vacxadebT, Camovida iranis sagangebo elCi mirza abul
rom Cven am muqaras ar davumwuxrebivarT da hasan xani da saqarTvelos maSindel mTa-
arc SegvSinebia. Cven vcnobT mxolod ruse- varsardal nikolai rtiSCevs TxovniT mimar-
Tis fadiSahis nebas da ar vuRalatebT mas. Ta, rom mas dauyonebliv mieca peterburgSi
Tu fadiSahis neba ar aRsruldeba, amaSi dam- gamgzavrebis nebarTva. rtiSCevma nebarTvis
naSave iqnebi Sen. Cven Cveni Tavi fadiSahs mi- misaRebad peterburgs mimarTa, magram pasuxi
vandeT“. igvianebda. dagvianebis mizezi is iyo, rom ru-
342
vaxtang guruli
seTis xelisuflebas gulisTanis zavis rati- konkretulad, TaliSis

TaliSis,, yarabaRisa da ganjis
ficirebamde iranis elCis dedaqalaqSi Cas- saxanoebis dabrunebiT. ruseTi, cxadia, ira-
vla ar surda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma nisaTvis arc am saxanoebis daTmobas apirebda.
iranis elCs ganucxada, rom gulisTanis zavis neselrodem iranis elCs ganucxada: 1. ruseT-
ratificirebamde TbilisSi unda darCenili- iranis omi ruseTis mizeziT ar dawyebula; 2.
yo, xolo Tavisi amalis nawili kavkasiis xa- kavkasiaSi mosvlisas ruseTs aranairi dapy-
zze gaegzavna. 1814 wlis 11 dekembers iranis robiTi gegmebi ar hqonia, misi mizani mxolod
elCi mirza abul hasan xani, general-maior mis qveSevrdomobaSi myofi erTmorwmune saqa-
dimitri lisaneviCis TanxlebiT, Tbilisidan rTvelos (qarTl-kaxeTis _ v. g.) dacva iyo;
moskovs gaemgzavra. moskovSi elCi kidev sami 3. aRa mahmad xani Tavs daesxa erTmorwmune
Tve alodines da igi mxolod 1815 wlis 27 xalxs da daRupviT emuqreboda qveyanas; 4.
marts Cavida peterburgSi. iranis elCs rezi- aRa mahmad xanis sikvdilis Semdeg iranSi
dencia carskoe seloSi gamouyves da Tanac dawyebuli Sinaomebis procesSi saxanoebis
ganucxades, rom mas nebismier dros SeeZlo nawili ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sevida; 5.
peterburgSi gadasvla. am droisaTvis ale- TaliSis saxano didi xnidan ruseTis qveSevr-
qsandr I dedaqalaqSi ar imyofeboda. napo- domobaSi imyofeboda da ar cnobda iranis
leonis mier xelisuflebis droebiT dab- Sahis xelisuflebas; 6. ruseTma iaraRis Za-
runebis gamo ruseTis imperatori evropaSi liT mxolod ganjis saxano daipyro. yovelive
gaemgzavra. mirza abul hasan xanma aleqsandr zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, ruseTis
I-is dabrunebamde carskoe seloSi darCena ar- sagareo saqmeTa ministrma karl neselrodem
Cia, magram moulodnelad, 1815 wlis 14 maiss, iranis elCs ganucxada, rom gulisTanis zavis
yovelgvari oficialuri ceremonialisa da pirobebis gadasinjva SeuZlebeli iyo. 1816
etiketis dacvis gareSe peterburgSi gadavida. wlis 22 maiss mirza abul hasan xans ruseTis
elCis dadgenili ceremonialis gareSe miRe- sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi gamosaTxovari
bam iranis Sahis didi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. Sexvedra mouwyves da uariT gaistumres.
iranis elCma Zvirfasi saCuqrebi Tavazianad 4. aleqsei ermolovis urTierToba gu-
miiRo, magram pirvelsave oficialur Sexve- lisTanis zaviT (1813 w.) ruseTis imperiis
draze ganacxada, rom irani gulisTanis za- SemadgenlobaSi gadasul iranul saxanoebTan.
viT ruseTisaTvis gadacemuli teritoriebis saqarTveloSi aleqsei ermolovis Camosvlis
ukan dabrunebas iTxovda. iranis moTxov- droisaTvis qarTlsa da kaxeTs samxreTi-
nas mxars uWerdnen peterburgSi myofi ing- dan da samxreT-aRmosavleTidan is iranuli
liseli da frangi diplomatebi. mirza abul saxanoebi esazRvreboda, romlebic 1804-1813
hasan xanma iranis moTxovnebi werilobiT Ca- wlebis ruseT-iranis omis Semdeg, gulisTanis
moayaliba da general dimitri lisaneviCis zaviT (1813 w.) ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi gada-
meSveobiT imperators gadasca. male rusuli vida (yarabaRisa da ganjis saxanoebi, Saqis,
mxarisagan elCma SahisaTvis gadasacemi wer- Sirvanis, derbentis, yubis, baqos da TaliSis
ili miiRo, romelic dauyonebliv gaagzavna saxanoebis nawili). am saxanoebis teritori-
iranSi. evropidan aleqsandr I-is dabrunebis aze, garda ganjis saxanosa, rusuli mmarT-
Semdeg, 1815 wlis 22 dekembers, iranis elCi veloba ar damyarebula da iq arc ruseTis
ruseTis imperatorma miiRo. audiencias raime jaris seriozuli kontingenti ganulagebiaT.
konkretuli Sedegi ar gamouRia. 1816 wlis amis gamo, ruseT-iranis mosalodneli omis
20 ianvars mirza abul hasan xanma aleqsandr SemTxvevaSi, qarTlsa da kaxeTs, rusuli samx-
I-is mrCevels sagareo politikis sakiTxebSi, edro da samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis centrs _
ruseTis imperiis momaval sagareo saqmeTa Tbilissac ki, seriozuli safrTxe eloda.
ministrs karl neselrodes werili gaugza- saqarTvelos mTavarsardal pavel cicia-
vna, romelSic Camoayaliba iranis pozicia novis mkvlelobis (1806 w.) Semdeg misma mem-
gulisTanis zavis pirobebis gadasinjvas- kvidreebma samxreT kavkasiis iranuli saxa-
Tan dakavSirebiT. iranis elCi gulisTanis noebis mimarT Semtevi politika Secvales.
zaviT ruseTisaTvis gadacemuli terito- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma ivan gudoviCma
riebis mTlianad dabrunebas iTxovda, Tumca (1806-1809) mas Semdeg, rac yarabaRis xani
molaparakebis procesSi gairkva, rom irani ibrahimi ruseTs gadaudga, xanis tituli
gacilebiT naklebiTac dakmayofildeboda, Svils, ruseTisadmi loialurad ganwyobil
343
mehTi yulis, uboZa. male gairkva, rom mehTi imavdroulad ermolovi grZnobda, rom saxa-
yuli xanis ruseTisadmi loialurad gan- noebSi rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoReba did
wyobileba moCvenebiTi iyo. ruseTs gadaud- siZneleebTan iqneboda dakavSirebuli. xanebis
ga Saqis xani selimic
selimic.. male gudoviCma Saqis gadayeneba da saxanoebis gauqmeba imitomac
xanad xois xani jafar yuli daamtkica, saqa- iyo Zneli, rom xanebi iranis Sahis karTan
rTvelos mTavarsardalma nikolai rtiSCevma naTesaur kavSirSi imyofebodnen da aucile-
jafar yulis Semdeg Saqis xanis tituli mis blobis SemTxvevaSi am kavSirs gamoiyenebdnen.
Svils ismail xans uboZa. aleqsei ermolovis saxanoebSi rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebas
TbilisSi Camosvlis droisaTvis yarabaRisa Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyenebda ruseTTan
da Saqis saxanoebSi, iseve, rogorc gulisTan- omis momxre iranis Sahis memkvidre abas mirza
mirza..
is zaviT ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi gadasul oficialurad abas mirza ruseTTan mSvidobi-
sxva saxanoebSi, viTareba Zalze daZabuli ani urTierTobis SenarCunebas uWerda mxars,
iyo. ermolovma gadawyvita iranSi diploma- Tumca ermolovma icoda, rom igi saidumlo
tiuri misiiT gamgzavrebamde piradad Sexve- mimoweras awarmoebda yarabaRis, Sirvanis,
droda xanebs. saqarTvelos mTavarsardals Saqisa da sxva xanebTan da ruseTis winaaRmdeg
imavdroulad iranTan sazRvris monaxulebac amxedrebda maT. abas mirza cdilobda ruseTis
surda. TbilisSi Camosvlidan male ermolov- winaaRmdeg ganewyo War-belaqnis, Suragelis,
ma qarTuli korpusis ober-kvartirmaisteri borCalos, bambakis, yazaxis, SamSadilusa da
polkovniki ivanovi TaliSis saxanoSi, xolo daRestanis mosaxleoba. Tu irani gulisTanis
Stabs-kapitani nikolai muraviovi borCalos, zaviT ruseTisaTvis gadacemul teritoriaze
bambakis, Suragelis, SamSadilus da yazaxis mcxovreb mosaxleobas winaaRmdeg aajanyebda,
distanciebSi gagzavna. Tavad saqarTvelos ruseTs gulisTanis zavis pirobebis dacva
mTavarsardalma elizavetopolis olqSi gauZneldeboda.
(yofil ganjis saxanoSi), yarabaRisa da sxva 5. aleqsei ermolovis urTierToba iran-
saxanoebSi viTarebis Sesaswavla gadawyvita. Tan.. TeiranSi peterburgidan iranis elC abul
Tan
1816 wlis 19 noembers ermolovi Tbilisi- hasan xanis dabrunebis Semdeg iranis Sah feThi
dan elizavetopolSi gaemgzavra, saidanac alisaTvis cxadi gaxda, rom ruseTis imperato-
yarabaRis saxanoSi gadavida. am droisaTvis ri aleqsandr I iranisaTvis gulisTanis zaviT
yarabaRi gaveranebuli iyo, saxanoSi sul miRebuli teritoriis mTlianad an nawilo-
24.000 ojaxi cxovrobda. marTalia, yarabaRis briv ukan dabrunebas ar apirebda. aleqsandr
saxano gulisTanis zaviT ruseTs ekuTvnoda, I-is uarma garkveulwilad gaamyara ruseTTan
magram saqarTvelos mTavarsardlebi teri- omis momxre abas mirzas pozicia. Sahis kari
torias ver akontrolebdnen, rac irans sa- mainc itovebda mcire imeds, rom iranSi ruse-
Sualebas aZlevda gamudmebulad eZarcva Tis imperiis sruluflebiani elCis, aleqsei
yarabaRi. amas emateboda is, rom yarabaRis ermolovis, vizitis dros gulisTanis zavis
xani mehTi yuli susti mmarTveli aRmoCnda, pirobebis gadasinjvas miaRwevda. ruseTis
misi sasaxle qalaq SuSaSi da TviT SuSis cixe elCTan Sesaxvedrad sagangebod emzadeboda
nangrevebad iyo qceuli. yarabaRis saxanodan abas mirza. man Sahis nebarTvis gareSe jaris
ermolovi jer Sirvanis saxanoSi, xolo Sem- Sekreba gamoacxada da imedovnebda, mraval-
deg Saqis saxanoSi gadavida. yarabaRis saxanos ricxovani iranis jaris xilvis Semdeg ermo-
msgavsad Sirvanisa da Saqis saxanoebic gaver- lovi ufro damTmobi gaxdeboda. abas mirzam
anebuli iyo. yarabaRis, Sirvanisa da Saqis icoda, rom Sahis nebarTvis gareSe jaris
xanebTan Sexvedris Semdeg ermolovi darw- Sekreba ar SeiZleboda. Sahis winaSe Tavisi
munda, rom pavel cicianovis mkvlelobidan moqmedeba rom gaemarTlebina, iranis taxtis
(1806 w.) 1816 wlamde saxanoebSi saqarTvelos memkvidrem xmebi gaavrcela: ruseTis imperi-
mTavarsardlebis mier gatarebulma poli- is sruluflebiani elCi iranSi Cveulebrivi
tikam damRupeli Sedegebi gamoiRo. saqarT- amaliT ki ara, didi jariT (12.000 oficeri
velos mTavarsardali aseve darwmunda, rom da jariskaci) modiso. miuxedavad imisa, rom
Tu gulisTanis zaviT ruseTis Semadgenlo- es simarTles ar Seesabameboda, Sahis karze
baSi gadasul iranul saxanoebSi mehTi yulisa abas mirzas gadawyvetileba moiwones. ufro
da ismail xanisnairi mmarTvelebi darCebod- metic, abas mirzas jaris SekrebasTan erTad
nen, am saxanoebs ruseTi maleve dakargavda. ruseT-iranis sazRvris gamagrebazec unda
344
vaxtang guruli
ezruna, SeekeTebina Zveli da aego axali si- saxanos. iran-ruseTis sazRvarze, mTebSi, mx-
magreebi. Sahis karze sul ufro popularuli olod qveiTi jari da kavaleria Tu gaivlida,
xdeboda azri imis Sesaxeb, rom ruseTi omisa artileriis gadatana SeuZlebeli iyo. ami-
da urTierTobis gawyvetis muqariT unda ae- tomac iranma jarebs erevnis olqSi (erevnis
ZulebinaT daTanxmebuliyo gulisTanis zavis yofili saxanoSi _ v. g.) mouyara Tavi, raTa
pirobebis gadasinjvas. diplomatiuri misiiT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi qveiTi jari da kavale-
iranSi gamgzavrebamde, 1817 wlis 9 ianvars, ria artileriasTan erTad advilad SeWril-
aleqsei ermolovi ruseTis imperators moax- iyo Suragelisa da bambakis distanciebSi.
senebda: iranSi ruseTTan omis momxre Zalebi amis gamo ermolovma gadawyvita saswrafod
sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeba; Seqmnil vi- aego cixe-simagre, romelic erevnis mxridan
TarebaSi inglisisaTvis Zneli ar iqneba, rom bambakis distanciasa da yarabaRis saxanos
irans ruseTTan omisaken ubiZgos; iranis Sahi daicavda. daucveli iyo TaliSis saxanoc,
feThi ali piradad Tavs ikavebs, magram in- romelSic muRanis stepis gavliT iranelebi
gliselebis gavleniT omisaTvis mainc emza- advilad SeiWrebodnen. TaliSis saxanos dac-
deba; ingliselebma da frangebma gawvrTnes vis mizniT ermolovi aucileblad miiCnevda
iranis armia (32.000 mebrZoli), Camoayalibes ramdenime cixe-simagris agebas. saqarTvelos
sakavalerio nawilebi. ermolovi daaskvnida, mTavarsardali darwmunda, rom iranTan omis
rom irani jars aZlierebs, da omisaTvis emza- SemTxvevaSi sazRvarze TavdacviTi brZolebis
debao. gamarTva metad saSiSi iqneboda. ruseTis jari
1816 wlis 20 dekembers TbilisSi dab- omis dasawyisSive Setevaze unda gadasuliyo.
runda polkovniki ivanovi, xolo 1817 wlis aleqsei ermolovs wilad xvda iranTan
7 ianvars_ Stabskapitani nikolai muraviovi, urTierTobaSi winamorbedebis (ivan gudovi-
romelTac saqarTvelos mTavarsardals moax- Cis, aleqsandr tormasovis, filip paulu-
senes iranis sazRvrispira saxanoebSi, aseve Cis, nikolai rtiSCevis) mier daSvebuli Sec-
Suragelis, borCalos, bambakis, yazaxis, Sam- domebis gamosworeba. es Secdomebi iranTan
Sadilus distanciebSi Seqmnili viTarebis omis SemTxvevaSi umZimes mdgomareobaSi ag-
Sesaxeb. moxsenebebis gacnobisa da sasazRvro debda ruseTs. miuxedavad amisa, ermolovma
raionebis piradad monaxulebis Semdeg aleq- ramdenjerme moaxsena imperator aleqsandr
sei ermolovi darwmunda, rom ruseT-iranis I-s, rom iranis mxridan omis muqaris SemTx-
sazRvarze viTareba sagangaSo iyo. ermolovi vevaSic ki ruseTi ar unda daTanxmebuliyo
ruseTis imperators sTxovda mieca miTiTeba, gulisTanis zavis pirobebis gadasinjvas.
Tu rogor moqceuliyo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amasTan erTad, saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
irani gulisTanis zaviT miRebuli terito- imperators arwmunebda, ingliselebisa da
riis daTmobis moTxovnas gaimeorebda. imav- frangebis mxardaWeris miuxedavad, irani, ro-
droulad saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ale- gorc saxelmwifo, imdenad sustia, rom ruse-
qsandr I-s werda, rom ruseTma irans araTu TisaTvis seriozul saSiSroebas ar warmoad-
mniSvnelovani teritoria, aramed miwis erTi genso. erT-erT moxsenebaSi ermolovi impera-
naglejic ki ar unda dauTmoso. tors swerda: saxelmwifoebrivi wyoba iranSi
ruseT-iranis urTierTobas arTulebda imdenad mouwesrigebelia, rom yoveli Sahis
isic, rom gulisTanis zaviT sazRvari sru- sikvdilis Semdeg SinaaSliloba da Sinaomebi
lyofilad ar gaimijna. Suragelis distan- iwyebao. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali miiC-
ciaSi sazRvari swor da gaSlil sivrceze nevda, rom iranis jari raodenobiT, gawvrT-
gadioda da am monakveTze yvelaferi naTeli nilobiT da SeiaraRebiT ruseTisaTvis saSiSi
iyo. bambakis distanciaSi sazRvari maRal ar iyo. iranis Sesaxeb ermolovis mier impera-
mTebze da Semdeg mdinare araqsze gadioda. torisaTvis gagzavnili moxsenbebidan aSkara
aq sasazRvro xazi iranidan gamoyofda yaza- xdeba, rom iranSi sakmaod Zlieri da kargad
xisa da SamSadilus distanciebs, elizavet- organizebuli rusuli dazverva moqmedebda.
opolis okrugs (yofil ganjis saxanos _ v. g.) 6. alqsei ermolovis diplomatiuri misia
da yarabaRis saxanos nawils. Semdeg sazRvari iranSi. iranSi gamgzavrebamde, 1817 wlis ian-
miuyveboda mdinare araqss, gadioda muRa- varSi, aleqsei ermolovma TeiranSi miavlina
nis stepze, samkuTxedad SeWrili iyo iranis kolegiis mrCeveli semion mazaroviCi
mazaroviCi.. maz-
teritoriaze da iranidan gamoyofda TaliSis aroviCs iranis Sah feThi alisaTvis,
alisaTvis, taxtis
345
memkvidre abas mirzasaTvis,

mirzasaTvis, vezir mirza Sefi- 7. aleqsandre batoniSvilis iranSi dab-
sa da ruseTSi iranis yofil elC abul hasan runebis sakiTxi ruseT-iranis molaparakebis
xanisaTvis misasalmebeli werilebi unda ga- procesSi. molaparakebaze mwvaved daisva
daeca. ermolovma saqarTvelos mTavarsard- aleqsandre batoniSvilis iranSi dabrunebis
lis movaleoba general-maior aleqsandr sakiTxi. abas mirzas moTxovnas iranSi ba-
kutuzovs gadaabara da 1817 wlis 17 aprils toniSvilis dabrunebis Sesaxeb aleqsei er-
Tbilisidan TeiranSi gaemgzavra. wasvlis win molovma upasuxa: aleqsandre batoniSvili
sionis taZarSi saqarTvelos egzarqosma mit- iranSi dabrunebis nebarTvas ver miiRebs da
ropolitma varlamma paraklisi gadaixada. Tu igi mainc dabrundeba iranSi, ruseTi am
19 maiss ermolovi TavrizSi (abas mirzas re- faqts ganixilavs, rogorc or qveyanas Soris
zidencia) Cavida. abas mirzam saaqarTvelos mSvidobiani urTierTobis darRvevaso. er-
mTavarsardals gzaze mravalricxovani jari molovis aseTi gancxadebis Semdeg aleqsan-
daaxvedra, raTa molaparakebis win masze ze- dre batoniSvili iZulebuli gaxda iranSi
gavlena moexdina. 24 maiss ermolovi Tavriz- saidumlod gamgzavrebuliyo. batoniSvilma
Si Sexvda Teiranidan sagangebod Casul iranis gadawyvita mgzavrobisas Tavi jer iranSi mi-
Sahis warmomadgenel memed ali beis,
beis, romel- maval vaWrad, xolo Semdeg ubralo mdabiod
mac saqarTvelos mTavarsardals gadasca pa- waredgina da rogorme xan cxenze amxedre-
suxi mis mier Tbilisidan TeiranSi gagzavnil buls, xanac fexiT mavals gaeRwia ruseTis
werilebze. werilebSi arsebiTi araferi iyo sazRvrebidan. 1817 wlis 13 ivniss, RamiT,
naTqvami. amis Semdeg ermolovi Sexvda iranis aleqsandre batoniSvilma xunZaxis sofeli
Sahis pirvel ministr mirza Sefis da mas ira- anwuxi datova da War-belaqneli lekebis dax-
nis SahTan saswrafo Sexvedris Txovna gadas- marebiT iranis sazvrisaken daiZra. rogorc
ca. TavrizSi myofi abas mirza misi warmomad- Cans, ruseTis xelisuflebas ukve hqonda
genlis, mirza beziurgis, meSveobiT cdilob- cnobebi batoniSvilis anwuxidan gamgzavrebis
da saqarTvelos mTavarsardali rac SeiZleba Sesaxeb, magram ucnobi iyo misi moZraobis
didxans Seeferxebina TavrizSi. miuxedavad zusti marSruti. Tbilisidan saswrafod
diplomatiuri misiis wevr aleqsandr soko- gaafrTxiles Sirvanis, Saqisa da yarabaRis
lovis mcdelobisa, SahTan Sexvedra Wianur- xanebi, raTa yoveli Rone exmaraT aleqsan-
deboda. TavrizSi yovlad unayofo molapara- dre batoniSvilis Sesapyrobad. xanebs unda
kebebi 10-12 dRe gagrZelda. molaparakebis gaekantrolebinaT daRestnidan saxanoebSi
dros ermolovma pirdapir ganacxada, rom mimavali yvela gza, aseve mtkvarze arsebuli
ruseTi gulisTanis zavis pirobebis gadasin- yvela foni. borCalos, yazaxisa da SamSadi-
jvas ar dasTanxmdeboda. 1817 wlis 31 ivliss, lus distanciebis pristavebma miiRes br-
ermolovi iranis Sahma feThi alim miiRo. Zaneba, rom ar daeSvaT maTi distanciebidan
sazeimo Sexvedraze, ra Tqma unda, araferi batoniSvilis erevanSi Casvla. saqarTvelos
garkveula. 3 agvistos saqarTvelos mTa- mTavarsardlis movaleobis Semsrulebelma
varsardali meored Sexvda iranis Sahs da ru- general-maiorma aleqsandr kutuzovma 1817
seTis imperatoris mier gagzavnili saCuqrebi wlis 28 ivniss Warisa da belaqnis mosaxleo-
gadasca. Semdeg dReebSi mimdinare molapara- bas mouwoda, daxmareba ar aRmoeCinaT ale-
kebebis Sesaxeb imperatorisadmi gagzavnil qsandre batoniSvilisaTvis. Warelebma gener-
moxsenebaSi ermolovi werda, rom man ruse- als acnobes, rom batoniSvils ar daexmare-
Tis saxeliT uari ganacxada abas mirzas ira- bodnen, magram imis pirobasac ver dadebdnen,
nis taxtis memkvidred cnobaze, radgan, Tu rom Waris gavliT, gansakuTrebiT RamiT, ba-
irani oms daiwyebs, amaSi damnaSave mxolod da toniSvili iranSi ar gaaRwevda. mogvianebiT
mxolod abas mirza iqnebao. ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis cnobili gaxda,
ruseT-iranis molaparakeba mZimed mim- rom micemuli pirobis miuxedavad, Warelebma
dinareobda da uSedegod damTavrda. aleqsei kutuzovis brZanebis Sesaxeb batoniSvils ac-
ermolovma gulisTanis zavis pirobebis ga- nobes da isic iZulebuli gaxda mTeli weli
dasinjvaze, iranisaTvis im teritoriis Tun- daRestanSi darCeniliyo.
dac nawilis dabrunebaze, romelic iranma SahTan Sexvedrebisa da molaparakebis
ruseTs dauTmo, uari ganacxada da 1817 wlis Semdeg TavrizSi dabrunebulma aleqsei ermo-
10 oqtombers TbilisSi dabrunda. lovma abas mirzas mosTxova erevnis xanisaT-
346
vaxtang guruli
vis aekrZala Semweoba aRmoeCina aleqsandre liaxvis saTavisaken daiZra. mziani, naTeli
batoniSvilisaTvis. abas mirzam saqarTvelos dRe iyo, jarma naxevari gzis gavlac ki ver
mTavarsardals ganucxada, batoniSvils iran- moaswro, rom uecrad mze Savma Rrubelma da-
Si gamgzavrebis nebarTva misma winamorbedma fara, amovarda qariSxali, wamovida Tovli da
nikolai rtiSCevma miscao. abas mirzam isic saSinlad acivda. iseTi sibnele Camowva, rom
dasZina, rom gulisTanis zaviT gaTval- jariskacebi erTmaneTs veRar xedavdnen. meg-
iswinebuli ar iyo im pirebis dakaveba da ga- zurebi, romlebic gzis moZebnas cdilobdnen,
dacema, romlebic ruseTidan iranSi an ira- did TovlSi gaigudnen. saeqspedicio korpuss
nidan ruseTSi gadavidodnen. yovelive amis gzis gagrZeleba aRar SeeZlo. mTel razms
Semdeg abas mirzam ermolovs ganucxada, rom daRupva eloda. generali giorgi erisTavi
aleqsandre batoniSvilis iranSi dabrunebam 1817 wlis 8 oqtombers daweril moxsenebaSi
ruseTsa da irans Soris mSvidoba ar unda aRniSnavda: win wasvla ar SeiZleboda, RmerTs
daarRvioso. ermolovi ukan ar ixevda, man mivende da ukan dabrunebis gadawyvetileba
abas mirzas ganucxada: aleqsandre batoniS- miviReo. ukan daxevis dros stiqiam Seiwira
vili ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos im pirovnebad, 86 qarTveli milicielisa da 42 rusi ofi-
romelsac ubralod ruseTidan iranSi gadas- crisa da jariskacis sicocxle. saeqspedi-
vla surs. batoniSvilma ruseTis teritori- cio korpusi sofel baginSi dabrunda. stiqia
aze danaSauli Caidina, mosaxleoba aajanya momdevno dReebSic grZeldeboda, ris gamoc
da didxans ebrZoda xelisuflebas (aleqsei daRupulebis povna SeuZlebeli gaxda. peter-
ermolovi gulisxmobda 1812 wlis kaxeTis burgSi Zalze SeSfoTdnen giorgi erisTavis
ajanyebas _ v.g.). saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis eqspediciis warumateblobis gamo. ermolovs
azriT, ruseTi iTxovda damnaSave ar daeSvaT ruseTis jarebis mTavari Stabis ufrosma
iranis teritoriaze. SeTanxmebas ver miaR- axsna-ganmarteba mosTxova, Tu ratom gagza-
wies. vna samxedro eqspedicia osebis winaaRmdeg
8. aleqsei ermolovis dabruneba TbilisSi peterburgTan SeTanxmebis gareSe. ermolovis
da giorgi erisTavis samxedro eqspedicia os- pasuxi Semonaxuli ar aris, magram arsebobs
ebis winaaRmdeg. aleqsei ermolovis diploma- saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis rezolucia
tiuri misia iranSi eqvsi Tve gagrZelda. am mTavari Stabis ufrosis werilze: `waredgi-
periodSi mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi mSvidoba nos Tavad erisTavis moxseneba da ecnobos,
sufevda. mxolod War-belaqnidan kaxeTSi rom yovel eqspediciaze nebarTvis Txovna
SemoWrilma lekebma daarRvies igi. qarTlis SeuZlebelia, radgan droulad ar xdeba ne-
soflebis Zarcvas agrZelebdnen osebi. isini barTvis miReba“.
imdenad gaTavxednen, rom general-maiorma aleqsei ermolovis iranidan TbilisSi
aleqsandr kutuzovma maTi dasja aucile- dabrunebis Semdeg male gardaicvala gen-
blad miiCnia. osebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolve- eral-maiori aleqsandr kutuzovi. saqarT-
lad Sedga saeqspedicio razmi _xersonis velos mTavarsardalma ruseTidan saswrafod
grenaderTa polki erTi msubuqi zarbazniTa gamoiZaxa da kutuzovis nacvlad daniSna
da qarTlis saxalxo laSqari (milicia) 1.000 general-leitenanti ivan aleqsandres Ze ve-
mebrZolis SemadgenlobiT. saeqspedicio raz- liaminovi (veliaminov I)I),, qarTuli korpusis
mis meTaurad dainiSna grenaderTa sarezer- Stabis ufrosis, aleqsei veliaminovis, ufro-
vo brigadis meTauri general-maiori
general maiori giorgi si Zma. ivan veliaminovs mouwia saqarTvelos
estates Ze erisTavi. eqspediciis gagzavnis mTavarsardlis movaleobis Sesruleba ale-
drod SeirCa 1817 wlis seqtemberi. am drois- qsei ermolovis Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqro-
aTvis tyeSi foTolcvena ukve dawyebuli iyo, bis dros. 1818 wlis 4 ianvars ermolovis
rac osTa razmebs SeumCevnlad gadaadgile- wardginebis safuZvelze general-leitenanti
bisa da damalvas gaurTulebda. 1817 wlis ivan veliaminovi me-20 diviziis meTaurad da
26 seqtembers samxedro eqspedicia general saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelad
giorgi erisTavis meTaurobiT sofel lo- dainiSna. 1818 wlidan 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi,
misxevidan gavida, 30 seqtembers Jamuris xeo- e.w. èrmolovis epoqaSi“ ivan veliaminovi
baSi Sevida da sofel baginSi dabanakda. aqe- (veliaminov I) iyo aleqsei ermolovis up-
dan iwyeboda didi liaxvis saTavisaken mima- irvelesi Tanamoazre da TanamebrZoli, igi
vali gza. 2 oqtombers saeqspedicio korpusi umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebda Crdilo
347
da samxreT kavkasiis samxedro-politikur ruls sagareo saqmeTa ministrs acnobebda: me

cxovrebaSi. osmaleTTan megobrul urTierTobas ar da-
9. aleqsei ermolovis urTierToba os- varRvev, magram maT bandebs TavianT moqmede-
maleTTan.. ivan veliaminovis TbilisSi Camos-
maleTTan baze pasuxs vagebinebo. aRmoCnda, rom Tbilis-
vlisTanave saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma Sic da peterburgSic SeSfoTebis realuri
mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi gaatara samxreT safuZveli ar hqoniaT. anatoliaSi Sekrebili
kavkasiis sazRvrebis dacvisa da samoqalaqo jaris nawili siriisaken daiZra, xolo meore
mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis mizniT. upirvelesi nawili trapizonis urCi faSas, tusCi oRlis,
yuradReba ermolovma qarTls dauTmo. qa- dasasjelad gaemarTa. trapizonis faSa osma-
rTls samxreTidan da samxreT-dasavleTidan leTisgan gamoyofas eswrafoda. ermolovma
osmaleTi (axalcixis safaSo) esazRvrebo- saswrafod miavlina trapizonSi warmomad-
da. axalcixe didi xnis ganmavlobaSi lekTa geneli da faSas daxmareba aRuTqva. trapizo-
TavSesafars warmoadgenda, saidanac isini mt- nis faSam mis winaaRmdeg gagzavnili jarebi
kvris xeobiT qarTlSi SemoiWrebodnen xolme. sastikad daamarcxa da ermolovsac Tanad-
marTalia, axalcixidan lekTa Tavdasxmebi gomisaTvis madloba gadauxada. saqarTvelos
sul ufro da ufro sustdeboda, magram samx- mavarsardals Sors mimavali gegmebi hqonda.
edro-politikuri viTarebis daZabvis SemTx- anapis faSa trapizonis faSas emorCileboda,
vevaSi osmaleTi lekebs isev gamoiyenebda. xolo yubanispireTis dauflebisaTvis, rac
saqarTveloSi ermolovis Camosvlis drois- anapis cixe-simagris gareSe ver gadawydeboda,
aTvis axalcixis safaSos mosazRvre qarTlis trapizonis faSas pozicias didi mniSvneloba
soflebSi sruli simSvide jer kidev ar dam- hqonda. garda amisa, trapizonis faSas SeeZlo
dgariyo.. rogorc glexebi, ise Tavadebi da
dgariyo mniSvnelovani roli eTamaSa yarsisa da axal-
aznaurebi mudmiv mzadyofnaSi iyvnen, yovel cixis safaSoebis ruseTis mflobelobaSi ga-
RamiT elodnen lekTa Tavadasxmas. ermolovi dasvlis procesSi. movlenebi ise ganviTarda,
darwmunda, rom axalcixis safaSos sazRvarze rom ermolovis Canafiqri ver ganxorcielda.
aucilebeli iyo simagreTa mTeli sistemis trapizonis urCi faSa tusCi oRli damar-
Seqmna, raTa ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvari saim- cxda, igi moRalatis wyalobiT Seipyres da
edod yofiliyo daculi. jer kidev iranSi sikvdiliT dasajes. trapizonis safaSoSi wes-
gamgzavrebamde, 1817 wlis gazafxulze, man rigis aRdgenas dauyonebliv mohyva osmalTa
Seityo, rom anatoliaSi Tavs iyrida osmalTa moTareSe razmebis Semosvla guriaSi
guriaSi,, imer-
laSqari, romelic saqarTveloSi SemosaWre- eTsa da qarTlSi
qarTlSi.. zogierTma razmma Tbil-
lad emzadeboda. stambolidan ruseTis elCi isamdec ki moaRwia da adamianebis gataceba
ityobineboda, rom yovelnairad ferxdeboda SeZlo. osmalTa moTareSe razmebis Tbilisis
sulTanTan misi audiencia. peterburgSi mi- SemogarenSi gamoCena sasazRvro kordonebze
iCnevdnen, rom ruseT-osmaleTis urTier- mdgari doneli kazakebis danaSaulebrivi
Toba ukiduresad daZabuli iyo. aleqsandr I gulgrilobis Sedegi iyo. 1818 wlis 15 ivliss
aleqsei ermolovs urCevda, iranSi diploma- osmalTa moTareSe razmebi Tavs daesxnen saz-
tiuri misiiT romelime generali gaegzavna, Rvarze maior balabinis meTaurobiT ganla-
TviTon ki saqarTveloSi darCeniliyo. ruse- gebul donel kazakTa erT-erT banaks da 9
Tis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma karl cxenis gataceba SeZles. am dros ermolovi
neselrodem ermolovs urCia, rom osmaleTis saqarTveloSi ar imyofeboda, igi Crdilo ka-
winaSe zogierT daTmobaze wasuliyo, pirvel vkasiaSi mdinare sunjaze simagreebis agebas
rigSi, es exeboda sasazRvro davas. sagareo xelmZRvanelobda. swored aq 1818 wlis 22
saqmeTa ministris azriT, am gziT ruseTi os- agvistos dawera man brZaneba qarTuli korpu-
maleTTan oms aicilebda Tavidan. ermolovi sisadmi, romelSic mometebulad igrZnoboda
karl neselrodesaTvis gagzavnil werilSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis yvela brZanebi-
aRniSnavda: iranSi gamgzavrebis win osmalebi saTvis damaxasiaTebeli sarkazmi. brZanebaSi
mkacrad gavafrTxile, iranidan dabrunebis vkiTxulobT: mZarcvelTa mcirericxovan
Semdeg TviTon Semovivli ruseT-osmaleTis razmebs yovelTvis ver daedevnebi, sakmarisia
sazRvars da pirobas gaZlevT, Tu osmalebi ramdenime mZarcvels uCveno, rom Tavis dac-
sazRvars daarRveven, mkacrad daisjebiano. vas apireb, raTa man SemdgomSi Tavdasxma ve-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali werilis dasas- Rar gabedos. maior balabins me dasjis pativi
348
vaxtang guruli
imitom ar mivage, rom igi ukve aRar arsebobs, Tis sagareo saqmeTa ministri karl nesel-
radgan mZarcvelebis Semosevisas uyuradRe- rode ermolovis moxsenebis Semdeg Sesabamisi
boba gamoiCina, me minda igi gavafrTxilo, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebaze fiqrobda, saqarT-
odesme mZarcvelebma TviTon ar moitacono. veloSi momxdarma erTma ambavma neselrode
mdinare sunjaze aleqsei ermolovis ga- aiZula raime gadawyvetileba dauyonebliv
moCenam aleqsandre batoniSvili aiZula an mieRo. 1819 wlis 9 aprils aWaridan ahmed
Waris gziT iranSi gadasuliyo, an yazax-Sam- bei sakmaod didi laSqriT guriis samTavros
Sadilus gavliT osmaleTisaTvis Seefarebi- teritoriaze SeiWra, gadawva sofeli askana
na Tavi. ermolovma yvela Rone ixmara, raTa da tyved aiyvana uamravi adamiani. guriis
batoniSvils an iransa da an osmaleTSi ar laSqari ahmed begs daewia, daamarcxa, tyveebi
gaeRwia. miuxedavad amisa, 1818 wlis ivlisSi da naZarcvi daatovebina. brZolaSi daiRupa
daRestnidan wamosuli aleqsandre batoniS- aWaris aRa da kidev misi Tanmxlebi 33 mebrZo-
vili mcxeTis maxloblad 12 qarTvelis Tan- li, ahmed begis biZaSvili da kidev ori osmalo
mxlebiT mdinare mtkvris marjvena napirze moxele tyved Caigdes, tyved Cavarda aseve 79
gadavida. man gverdi auara sazRvarTan gan- aWareli. neselrodes davalebiT, stambolSi
lagebul donel kazakTa yvela saguSagos, zo- ruseTis elCma saprotesto nota gadasca os-
gierT saguSagoze SeCerda kidec da kazakebs maleTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros, rasac
gamoelaparaka. saguSagoze mdgom kazakebs az- araviTari Sedegi ar mohyolia. neselrode
rad ar mosvliaT, rom devnil batoniSvils ermolovs swerda, rom ruseTis imperiis
esaubrebodnen. am droisaTvis ruseT-osma- teritoriaze osmalTa razmebis SeWris aRkve-
leTis sazRvarze arsebul kordonze mdgar Tis moTxovnas osmaleTis sagareo saqmeTa
donis kazakTa polks atamani tabunSCikovi saministrom ase upasuxa: `dagvibruneT zR-
meTaurobda. kazakebi imdenad uyuradRebod vispireTi (igulisxmeboda guriis samTavros
iqceodnen, rom aleqsandre batoniSvilma da teritoria _ v.g.), ris Semdegac yovelgvari
misma amalam dRisiT mSvidad gaiara polkis Tavdasxma Sewydeba“.neselrode ermolovs
Stabis Senobasa da tabunSCikovis saxls So- imasac acnobebda, rom imperatori SeuZle-
ris. 1818 wlis 26 agvistos batoniSvilma aseve blad miiCnevda momavalSic gulgrilad ec-
mSvidobianad gaiara sazRvarze arsebuli os- qiraT imisaTvis, Tu rogor iZarcveboda ru-
maleTis jaris saguSagoebi da axalcixis sa- seTis teritoria osmaleTis samflobeloebi-
faSos teritoriaze xerTvisis cixes Seafara dan Semosuli razmebis mier. aleqsandr I-is
Tavi. sasazRvro kordonze mdgarma kazakTa gamonaTqvami ermolovma imis dasturad CaT-
polkis meTaurma atamanma tabunSCikovma mx- vala, rom mas sazRvris damrRvevTa mimarT
olod meore dRes Seityo batoniSvilis axal- sadamsjelo RonisZiebebis gatarebis ufleba
cixis safaSoSi Casvlis ambavi. kazakebma ale- hqonda. amis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
qsandre batoniSvilis amalidan mxolod erTi dalma dauyonebliv acnoba ivan veliaminovs.
qarTveli Tavadi Seipyres, romelic raRac am ukanasknelma borCaloeli TaTrebisagan
mizeziT qarTlis teritoriaze CamorCa ba- Zlieri cxenosani razmi Seqmna da axalcixis
toniSvils. safaSos teritoriis dasarbevad gagzavna. Ta-
axalcixis safaSodan qarTlSi lekebis Trebma ramdenime sofeli gadawves, daxoces
SemoWra da kazakTa cxenebis gataceba, aseve adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi, moitaces saqon-
axalcixis faSas mier aleqsandre batoniSvil- lisa da cxenebis jogebi. imavdroulad, er-
isaTvis TavSesafris micema, ermolovis azriT, molovma muqaris werili gaugzavna axalcixis
sakmao safuZveli iyo imisaTvis, rom ruseTis faSas. guriaSi ahmed faSas sastikma marcxma,
imperiis sagareo saqmeTa saministros osma- borCaloeli TaTrebis mier axalcixis teri-
leTis sulTnisaTvis protesti ganecxadebina toriis darbevam da bolos, ermolovis muqa-
da axalcixis faSas dasja moeTxova. saqarT- ram axalcixis faSa aiZula qarTlis terito-
velos mTavarsardalma kargad icoda, rom riis darbevisagan Tavi Seekavebina.
sagareo saqmeTa saministrosTan mimowera 10.. aleqsandre batoniSvilis Sepyrobis
10
gaWianurdeboda da, rac mTavaria, SeiZlebo- gegmebi. aleqsei ermolovi ukiduresad aRaS-
da peterburgSi momxdari umniSvnelod CaeTv- foTa aleqsandre batoniSvilis axalcixeSi
alaT. amitom iyo, rom ermolovma gadawyvita gadasvlam. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis br-
Tavad daesaja axalcixis faSa. vidre ruse- ZanebiT, atamani tabunSCikovi kazakTa polkis
349
meTaurobidan gadaayenes. oficeri, romelsac nis saxanos teritoriaze ganxorcieldeboda,

mtkvarze demurCasalos fonisaTvis unda radgan erevnis xanma saxanos sazRvarze ale-
edevnebina Tvalyuri da oficeri, romelic qsandre batoniSvils jari daaxvedra, xolo
uSualod osmaleTis sazRvarze arsebuli sa- Tavad erevanSi Sesvlamde miegeba. TavrizSi
guSagos ufrosi iyo, daapatimres da cixeSi abas mirzam didi pativiT miiRo devnili ba-
Casves. batoniSvils CamorCenili da rusebis toniSvili. erevnis xanisa da abas mirzas mier
mier dapatimrebuli Tavadi ciciSvili cim- aleqsandre batoniSvilis didi pativiT miRe-
birSi gadaasaxles. marTalia, aleqsandre bam ermolovi daarwmuna, rom irani batoniS-
batoniSvili ukve osmaleTis teritoriaze vils ar gascemda. irani ruseTTan omisaTvis
imyofeboda, magram ermolovi mis xelSi Cag- emzadeboda. abas mirzas azriT, momaval omSi
debas mainc cdilobda. polkovnik piotr aleqsandre batoniSvils mniSvnelovani roli
ladinskis ebrZana Seeqmna kazakebisa da bor- unda Seesrulebina. maspinZeli qarTvel ba-
Caloeli TaTrebis cxenosani razmi da Tavs toniSvils imdenad ufrTxildeboda, rom misi
dasxmoda aleqsandre batoniSvils, rodesac daqorwinebac ki hqonda gadawyvetili, raTa
is axalcixis safaSodan iranSi gadasvlas Se- batoniSvils memkvidreebi darCenoda. ermo-
ecdeboda. cxenosani razmis meTaurad dainiS- lovi marcxs Seegua da aleqsandre batoniS-
na maiori valecki
valecki.. ermolovma kargad icoda, vilis xelSi Cagdeba ukeTesi droisaTvis ga-
rom osmaleTis teritoriaze jariT Sesvla dado.
da aleqsandre batoniSvilis Sepyroba sa- 11.. Sida qarTlSi moTareSe osebis alagm-
11
risko iyo. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ivan vis mcdeloba. samxreTidan (axalcixis safaSos
veliaminovs (veliaminov I-s) swerda: aleqsan- mxridan) qarTlis sazRvrebis usafrTxoebis
dre batoniSvilis Sesapyrobad axalcixis sa- uzrunvelyofas qarTlSi mSvidobis damyare-
faSos teritoriaze mxolod TaTrebis razmi ba mainc ar mohyolia. ruseTis imperiis mier
Sevides, maT meTaurs, maior valeckis, ruse- qarTl-kaxeTis samefos dapyrobis Semdeg os-
Tis jaris forma ar unda ecvas, igi iseTive ebs xelsayreli pirobebi SeeqmnaT CrdiloeT
tansacmeliT SemoseT, rogorsac TaTrebi kavkasiidan Sida qarTlSi migraciisaTvis.
atareben; winaaRmdegobis gawevis SemTxvevaSi Sida qarTlis teritoriaze Semosuli os-
unda ecadoT, rom aleqsandre batoniSvili ebi yma-glexis uflebiT ver sargeblobdnen,
ar moklaT, igi mokluli unda iyos mxolod isini xiznebi iyvnen da amdenad, qarTveli
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxva gamosavali ar iqneba; Tavadebi maT miwas ar aZlevdnen, Tumca sx-
aleqsandre batoniSvili Tu cocxlad Seipy- vadsaxva saxis samuSaos Sesasruleblad ki
ran, dauyonebliv TbilisSi unda Camoiyvanon, iyenebdnen. osebs Sida qarTlSi miwis miReba
Tu moklan, TbilisSi misi gvami unda Camoi- surdaT, ruseTis xelisufleba yovelnairad
tanon, raTa SemdegSi ar gavrceldes xma, rom axalisebda Crdilo kavkasiidan Sida qarTlSi
igi cocxali da Tavisufaliao. ermolovi sa- osTa migracias, magram qarTvel Tavadebs ver
gangebod aRniSnavda, rom Tu aleqsandre ba- aiZulebda osi xiznebisaTvis miwa gamoeyoT da
toniSvils moklavdnen da cxedars TbilisSi isini qarTvel yma-glexebTan gaeTanabrebinaT.
Camoitandnen, misi dakrZalva ar unda gax- ruseTis xelisuflebis keTilganwyobiT waqe-
maurebuliyo. werilSi ermolovi sagangebod zebulma osebma male iaraRs mohkides xeli
aRniSnavda, rom warmatebis SemTxvevaSi Ta- da Zarcva-glejas Seudgnen. isini Tavs esx-
Trebi daejildovebinaT, radgan isini ufro modnen soflebs, wvavdnen saxlebs, maT So-
kargad da erTgulad emsaxurebodnen ruseTis ris Tavadebisa da aznaurebisas, itacebdnen
imperias, vidre doneli kazakebi. seriozulma adamiansa da pirutyvs. motacebuli adami-
samzadisma ermolovs fuWad Cauara, xerTvis- anebi osebs Crdilo kavkasiaSi gahyavdaT da
Si Casuli aleqsandre batoniSvili osmaleb- monebad yiddnen. general-maior giorgi eri-
ma daakaves da mxolod 1819 wlis ianvarSi sTavis samxedro eqspediciis warumateblobam
misces iranSi (erevnis saxanoSi) gamgzavrebis osebi kidev ufro gaaTamama. aleqsei ermo-
ufleba. erevanSi mimaval batoniSvils Tan lovs axali samxedro eqspediciis organizeba
axlda osmalTa Zlieri gamcilebeli razmi, da osebis samagaliTod dasja ar gauWirdebo-
ase rom, rusebs axalcixis safaSos terito- da, magram male gairkva, rom sxva problemac
riaze aleqsandre batoniSvilis motacebis an iCenda Tavs.
mokvlis gegma CaeSalaT. es gegma verc erev- mas Sedeg, rac ruseTma saqarTvelo
350
vaxtang guruli
daipyro, aRdga XVIII saukuneSi Seqmnili ose- dali daaskvnida: osebis monaTvla sasuliero
Tis sasuliero komisia.
komisia. komisiis mizani osebSi komisiasa da osebs Soris vaWrobas daemsgavs-
marTlmadidebeli qristianobis gavrceleba ao.
iyo. ermolovis TbilisSi Camosvlis drois- aleqsei ermolovs oseTis sasuliero
aTvis oseTis sasuliero komisia ukve erTi komisiasTan brZola kidev ufro gauZnelda
wlis aRdgenili iyo. komisiis mizans Sead- saqarTvelos egzarqosad arqiepiskopos feo-
genda rac SeiZleba met oss mieRo marTl- filaqt rusanovis (1817-1821) daniSvnis Sem-
madidebeli qristianoba. amis sanacvlod deg. axali egzarqosi mfarvelad moevlina
Telavis arqiepiskoposi dosiTeozi
dosiTeozi,, romlis oseTis sasuliero komisias, xolo TviT eg-
daqvemdebarebaSic iyo oseTis sasuliero zarqoss mfarvelobda ruseTis eklesiis uw-
komisia, yovelnairad cdilobda Sida qarT- mindesi sinodis ober-prokurori aleqsandr
lis soflebis darbevasa da adamianis gata- golicini.. yovelive amis gamo Sida qarTlSi
golicini
cebaSi SemCneuli osebi saTanadod ar daesa- osebis TareSis aRkveTa ermolovs Zalze
jaT. ermolovi Seqmnil viTarebasTan Segue- gauWirda. feofilaqt rusanovis egzarqosad
bas ar apirebda. man Telavis arqiepiskopos daniSvnis Semdeg Sida qarTlidan osebma sul
dosiTeozs oficialurad mosTxova Tavi mokle droSi gaitaces 1.480 suli pirutyvi.
Seekavebina Zrcvasa da adamianebis gatacebaSi osebi pirwmindad Zarcvavdnen rogorc Ta-
SemCneuli osebis mfarvelobisagan. werilSi vadebisa da aznaurebis, ise glexebis saxlebs.
aRniSnulia, rom oseTis sasuliero komisiis saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelad
wevrebi, komisiaSi momuSave mRvdlebi yovel- da qarTuli korpusis me-20 diviziis meTau-
nairad mfarveloben da aqezeben mZarcvelebs. rad axlad daniSnuli general-leitenanti
ermolovi aRniSnavda, rom am mfarvelo- ivan veliaminovi (veliaminov I) iZulebuli
bis Sedegi iyo is, rom osebma goris mazris gaxda goris mazris ufrosis, maior titovi-
ufross pirdapir ganucxades: Cven dagvpird- saTvis, osTa bandebis winaaRmdeg jaris gamo-
nen, rom monaTvlis Semdeg aRar dagvsjidnen yenebis ufleba mieca. 1821 wlis TebervalSi
monaTvlamde Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis, ker- maiori titovi patara liaxvis xeobaSi Sevida,
Zod, adamianTa gatacebisaTviso. Semonaxuli osebs waarTva motacebuli jogi da qoneba,
ar aris ermolovis werilze arqiepiskopos osTa 6 sofeli gadawva, xolo danarCeni so-
dosiTeozis pasuxi, magram, cxadia, es pasuxi flebi daarbia. maior titovis sadamsjelo
uaryofiTi iqneboda. amas adasturebs ermo- RonisZiebis Sesaxeb maSinve acnoba egzarqoss
lovis mier 1816 wlis 15 noembers ruseTis oseTis sasuliero komisiis wevrma, sasuli-
imperatorisaTvis gagzavnili moxseneba. wer- ero komisiis mier patara liaxvis xeobaSi
ilis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardali mivlinebulma qarTvelma mRvdelma ceraZem
aRniSnavda: 1815 wels Telavis arqiepiskop- da saswrafod osebis dacva iTxova. maior
osma dosiTeozma Cems winamorbeds, nikolai titovis mier osuri soflebis darbevam saqa-
rtiSCevs, acnoba, rom oseTis sasuliero rTvelos egzarqosis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia.
komisiam ukve monaTla orive sqesis 14.000 feofilaqt rusanovma momxdari saswrafod
osi, romlebic monaTvlis Semdeg wynar da mS- acnoba ruseTis eklesiis sinods. veliaminovs
vid cxovrebas Seudgneno. ermolovi impera- osebis winaaRmdeg sadamsjelo RonisZiebebis
tors moaxsenebda, rom osebs arc monaTvlis gatarebis gamo ruseTis eklesiis uwmidesi
Semdeg SeuwyvetiaT qurdoba, Zarcva da mkv- sinodisa da imperiis ganaTlebis saministros
leloba. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali ale- winaSe mouxda Tavis marTleba. 1821 wlis 20
qsandr I-s swerda, rom misTvis gaugebari iyo ivniss veliaminovi ruseTis eklesiis sinodis
metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi: oseTis sasu- ober-prokuror aleqsandr golicins swerda:
liero komisiam rogor monaTla osebi, roca osebi marTlmadidebeli wesiT monaTvlamde
komisiaSi moRvawe mRvdlebma osuri ena ar yaCaRobdnen da Zarcvavdnen qarTlis sof-
icodnen, xolo osebma _ qarTuli. ermolovi lebs, Zarcva-gleja osebs arc monaTvlis Sem-
ar uaryofda, rom Sida qarTlSi qarTveli deg SeuwyvetiaT, ris gamoc maTi iaraRis Za-
Tavadebis miwaze mcxovrebi osebi marTlac liT morCilebaSi moyvana aucilebeli gaxdao.
moinaTlnen, magram ara sulis gadarCenisaT- veliaminovi aRniSnavda, rom sadamsjelo eqs-
vis, aramed dapirebuli fulisa da saCuqrebi- pediciis dros osebisTvis arc imdeni qoneba
saTvis. amis Semdeg saqarTvelos mTavarsar- waurTmeviaT, rogorc amas oseTis sasuliero
351
komisia iuwyebao. generali ganmartavda, rom bi im osebs, romlebic monaTvlis Semdegac

osebisaTvis mas im pirutyvis naxevaric ki ar mxilebuli arian ZarcvaSi. monaTluli os-
CamourTmevia, rac maT qarTuli soflebidan ebi, romlebic qarTlSi Sesvlis SeuzRudavi
gaitaces. rac Seexeboda maior titovis mier uflebiT sargebloben (igulisxmeba Crdilo
gadamwvar osebis saxlebs, ivan veliaminovi kavkasiidan Sida qarTlSi marTlmadideblu-
aseve aRniSnavda, rom maTi ricxvic xelovnu- ri wesiT monaTluli osebis Tavisufali Se-
rad iyo gazdili, sinamdvileSi titovma mx- mosvla _ v.g.) adgilobrivi samRvdeloebis
olod 27 saxli gadawvao. iseTi ukidure- mfarvelobis imedad misdeven Zrcva-glejas.
si zoma, rogoric aris saxlebis gadawva, qarTlis mcxovreblni sasjelis SiSiT monaT-
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis ufrosis luli osebis daxocvas eridebian, qarTvele-
ganmartebiT, imitom iqna miRebuli, rom am bi Tavs ikaveben osebis devnisagan da xSirad
saxlebSi osi yaCaRebi gamagrdnen da cecxli mZarcvelebs winaaRmdegobasac ki ar uweven.
gauxsnes jarso. ivan veliaminovi peterburgs osebis TareSis aRkveTis erTaderTi saSu-
ganumartavda, rom patara liaxvis xeobaSi aleba isaa, rom qarTlelebs ufleba mivceT
Sesuli maiori titovi 200-kaciani razmiT Tavad daicvan Tavi osebisagan, iseve, rogorc
umZimes mdgomareobaSi Cavarda, radgan sul kaxelebi icaven Tavs lekebisagan. yaCaRi osis
male rusebi ramdenime aTasi SeiaraRebuli mokvlisaTvis, Tugind is monaTlulic iyos,
osis alyaSi aRmoCndneno. mkvlelis mimarT kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
peterburgidan miRebuli sakmaod mkacri sasjeli ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli. amiT
toniT dawerili werilis miuxedavad, aleq- mivaRwevT imas, rom qarTlis mosaxleoba,
sei ermolovi ukan daxevas ar apirebda. igi romelsac kanoniT dasjis SiSi aRar eqneba,
goris mazris ufros maior titovs swerda: uSiSrad aRudgeba win os borotmoqmedebs.
oseTis sasuliero komisia cdilobs saerTod amasTan erTad, qarTlelebma yoveli SemTxve-
gamoiyvanos osebi Tqveni morCilebidan, mou- vis Semdeg dauyonebliv unda acnobos mazris
wodebs ar daemorCilon pristavebs, riTac mmarTvelobas. qarTlelebs ar unda eSinodeT
sargebloben osebi da kvlav agrZeleben Zr- mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi osebis mxridan Su-
cva-glejaso. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali risZiebisa, radgan osebi, rogorc ki igrZno-
goris mazris ufross ubrZanebda umkacresi ben, rom qarTlelebi mzad arian Zalas Zala
zomebi gaetarebina Sida qarTlSi moTareSe daupirispiron, qarTlelebze xelis aRmarT-
osTa bandebis winaaRmdeg. imavdroulad, er- vas veRar gabedaven~. misca Tu ara ermolovma
molovi saqarTvelos egzarqoss sTxovda os- Tanxmoba egor xovens, dokumenturad dada-
eTis sasuliero komisiaSi moRvawe mRvdlebis sturebuli ar aris. erTi ram cxadia, osTa
meSveobiT gavlena moexdina osebze, raTa am razmebis TareSi, Sida qarTlis Zarcva da qa-
ukanasknelT xeli aeRoT soflebis Zarcvaze. rTvelebis gataceba da xocva didi xnis gan-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali pirobas debda, mavlobaSi grZeldeboda.
rom Tu mRvdlebi osebze gavlenas moax- 12. kaxeTSi lekTa TareSis alagmvis mcde-
12
dendnen, maSin osebis dasasjelad jari aRar loba. kaxeTSi mSvidobiani cxovrebis damyare-
gaigzavneboda. feofilaqt rusanovi oseTis ba warmoudgeneli iyo lekTa Tavdasxmebis
sasuliero komisiaze da osebis mfarvelo- aRkveTis gareSe. Waridan da belaqnidan le-
baze xels ar iRebda, peterburgis poziciis kebi daubrkoleblad gadmodiodnen alazanze
miuxedavad daTmobas arc ermolovi apirebda, da erTbaSad moedebodnen kaxeTis soflebs.
amitom iyo, rom saqarTvelos saero da sa- amitom iyo, rom qarTlTan SedarebiT kax-
suliero xelisuflebas wlebis ganmavlobaSi eTSi ruseTis jaris didi kontingenti iyo
mudmivi konfliqti hqondaT erTmaneTTan. vi- ganlagebuli: dedofliswyaroSi (rusulad:
Tareba arc feofilaqt rusanovis gardacva- Царские Колодцы) idga Sirvanis polki ( imis
lebis Semdeg Secvlila, radgan Semdegi eg- gamo, rom Sirvanis polkis 2 batalioni 1818
zarqosebic imave politikas agrZelebdnen. wlidan mudmivad kavklasiis xazze imyofe-
amaze metyvelebs mravali dokumenti. 1824 boda, dedofliswyaroSi borCalos distan-
wels Tbilisis samoqalaqo gubernatori, ciidan gadasrolil iqna egerTa 41-e polkis
general-maiori egor xoveni SekiTxviT mimar- ramdenime aseuli); yaraRajSi _ niJegorodis
Tavda kavkasiis mTavarsardal aleqsei ermo- dragunTa polki; Telavidan Tbilisisaken
lovs: `rogor moeqcnen qarTlis mcxovreble- momaval gzaze, muxrovansa da gomborze
gomborze,_
,_ qa-
352
vaxtang guruli
rTvel grenaderTa polki da kavkasiis gre- aleqsandre batoniSvili SemoiWreboda. er-

naderTa saartilerio brigadis 1 aseuli; molovma yaraRajidan gamoiZaxa niJegorodis
qarTvel grenaderTa 1 batalioni mudmivad dragunTa polki da igi alaznis marjvena na-
idga TbilisSi da saguSago samsaxurs eweoda, pirze, mdinareze arsebul fonebTan ganalaga.
meore batalioni aseve mudmivad imyofeboda saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelma
saqrTvelos mTavarsardlis (kavkasiis mT- da qarTuli korpusis me-20 diviziis meTaur-
varsardlis) StabTan, xolo mesame batalioni ma, general-leitenantma ivan veliaminovma sa-
aseve TbilisSi idga da ZiriTad sarezervo gangebo weriliT mimarTa Waris mosaxleobas:
Zalas warmoadgenda. rogorc vxedavT, le- àleqsandre batoniSvils mxolod Waris ter-
kebis Semosevis SemTxvevaSi maT winaaRmdeg itoriis gavliT SeuZlia SemoRweva. gafrTx-
ruseTis jaris seriozuli samxedro Zala ilebT, Tqven mier Cadenil yvela borotmoq-
amoqmeddeboda. amas emateboda qarTuli mi- medebasa da Ralats ar miumatoT kidev erTi
liciis (saxalxo laSqris) Zalebi, romlebic danaSauli da aleqsandre batoniSvili Tqvens
mudmivad idgnen mdinare alaznis marjvena na- miwaze ar gaataroT. Tqven mogexsenebaT mTa-
pirze. marTalia, lekebis masobrivi Semoseve- varsardlis (aleqsei ermolovis _ v.g.) wesi,
bi, soflebis Zarcva, adamianisa da pirutyvis erideT aleqsandre batoniSvilis daxmare-
gataceba ermolovis saqarTveloSi Camosvlis bas da amiT ruseTisadmi morCilebis umniS-
droisaTvis ukve aRar xdeboda, magram lekTa vnelod ugulvelyofasac ki. es gardauvlad
mcirericxovani razmebi kaxeTSi SemoWras da gamoiwvevs Tqveni da Tqveni ojaxebis sasti-
Zarcvas mainc ganagrZobdnen. adre gazafxu- kad dasjas~.
lidan gvian Semodgomamde lekebi Tuki SeniS- aleqsandre batoniSvili imxanad WarSi ar
navdnen, rom alazanze mdgomma qarTulma mi- Sesula, Tumca ermolovis mier alaznis mar-
liciam da ruseTis jarma yuradReba moaduna, jvena napirze niJegorodis dragunTa pol-
dauyonebliv isargeblebdnen amiT da Tun- kis ganlageba drouli aRmoCnda. 1818 wlis
dac mcire nadavlisaTvis Tavis gawirvas ar 3 ivliss, gamTeniisas, rodesac niJegorodis
eridebodnen. kaxeTSi lekTa mcirericxovani dragunTa polks jer kidev ar daesrulebi-
razmebis SemoRweva gansakuTrebiT gaxSirda na alaznis marjvena napirze poziciebis da-
mas Semdeg, rac 1818 wels dedofliswyaro- kaveba, 500 leki sofel sabues daesxa Tavs.
Si mdgari Sirvanis polkis 2 batalioni ka- soflis mosaxleobam Tavdasxmelebs serio-
vkasiis xazze gagzavnes. 1818 wlis 14 maiss, zuli winaaRmdegoba gauwia. lekebi ukuiqc-
daaxloebiT saRamos 9 saaTze, erT-erTi leki nen. 7 ivliss 1.000 leki isev daesxa Tavs
Seipara yaraRajSi mdgari niJegorodis dra- sofel sabues. soflis mosaxleoba am Setevis
gunTa polkis ganlagebaSi, SeumCnevlad gai- mogeriebas veRar SeZlebda. cxare brZolis
ara yaraRajis ramdenime quCa da dragunTa dros sabuis dasaxmareblad moulodnelad
polkis me-4 eskadronis yazarmas miuaxlovda. mivida qarTvel egerTa polkis 1 batalioni
yazarmaSi saRamo Jams, jariskacebis garda, da niJegorodis dragunTa polkis nawili. le-
kidev Svidi adamiani imyofeboda, romlebic kebi sastikad damarcxdnen da gaiqcnen.
oficerTa mundirebs keravdnen. yazarmasTan aleqsei ermolovma sofel sabueze Tav-
lekis miaxloebisas xuT madgans ukve eZina, dasxmisaTvis lekebi samagaliTod ver dasa-
ori ki muSaobas ganagrZobda, eZina jaris- ja, ramac moTareSeebi waaxalisa. 1821 wlis
kacebis nawilsac. yazarmaSi Separuli leki 2 ianvars, RamiT, didTovlianobaSi, lekebi
Tavs daesxa or mRviZare jariskacs da civi mesamed daesxnen Tavs sofel sabues. soflis
iaraRiT orives sasikvdilo Wrilobebi miay- mosaxleoba am Tavdasxmas ar eloda, sabueSi
ena. uiaraRo jariskacebi leks miscvivdnen, am droisaTvis poruCik koSelevis meTauro-
romelmac kidev oris daWra moaxerxa. gaRvi- biT qarTvel grenaderTa razmi idga. grena-
Zebulma jariskacebma iaraRis aReba moaswres derebma jer lekebs cecxli gauxsnes, xolo
da leki adgilzeve mokles. lekis mier daW- Semdeg xelCarTul brZolaSi Caembnen. br-
rili oTxive jariskaci imave dRes gardaicv- ZolaSi lekebma koSelevi daWres, marTalia,
ala. veravin Seityo, Tu ratom wavida leki grenaderTa da soflis mosaxleobis Tavgan-
gardauval sikvdilze. mudmiv SiSianobaSi ga- wirvis wyalobiT lekebi amjeradac ukuagdes,
iara 1818 wlis zafxulmac. daJinebiT vrcel- magram sabuem didi zarali ganicada: lekebma
deboda xmebi, rom male iranis jariT kaxeTSi gadawves 7 saxli, mokles 17 kaci, xolo 25
353
tyved waiyvanes. da ramdenime gaitaces. gangaSis xmaze sofel

sofel sabueze mesame TavdasxmaSi sabuedan gremis mosaxleobis dasaxmareblad
ZiriTadad didoeli lekebi monawileobdnen. poruCik serafimoviCis meTaurobiT qarTvel
general-leitenant ivan veliaminovis br- grenaderTa polkis 60 mebrZoli movida. gre-
ZanebiT, didoeli lekebis mier rusebisaT- naderebma lekebi soflidan gandevnes da ukan
vis micemul mZevlebs borkilebi daades da daxeulebs daedevnen. devnaSi garTulebma
cixeSi Casves. amis Semdeg didoelma lekebma ver SeniSnes, ise waawydnen lekTa did razms,
Sewyaleba iTxoves da erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi brZolaSi grenaderebma seriozuli danaklisi
kaxeTSi aRar gamoCenilan. ganicades da ukan daixies. sofel gremze le-
1822 wlidan viTareba gauaresda, am wels kebis Tavdasxmidan ori kviris Semdeg gavr-
Crdilo kavkasiis muslim mosaxleobaSi xma celda xma, rom daRestnidan Camosuli lekebi
gavrcelda, rom ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris da Warelebi didi ZalebiT kaxeTze laSqro-
diplomatiuri urTierToba gawyda da male bas apirebdnen. alaznis napirze ganlage-
omic daiwyeboda. mTeli Crdilo kavkasia ru- buli jaris meTaurs, podpolkovnik simon-
seTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad emzadeboda. iCs, xmebi imdenad damajerebeli eCvena, rom
sabrZolvelad emzadebodnen Warelebic. kax- qarTvel grenaderTa polkis me-2 batalioni
eTs seriozuli safrTxe daemuqra. kaxeTSi vakidan mTebisaken daZra da maRlobze daikava
ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris meTaurma gener- poziciebi, raTa mtris moaxloeba droulad
al-maiorma giorgi erisTavma moindoma WarSi Seetyo. male simoniCma marTlac SeniSna, rom
movlenebis ganviTarebisaTvis daeswro. 1822 lekTa didi Zalebi iyrida Tavs. simoniCma swo-
wlis 23 Tebervals giorgi erisTavi jariT rad gaTvala, rom dakavebuli poziciebidan
mdinare alaznis marcxena napirze gadavida da lekTa gandevna did msxverplad daujdeboda.
belaqanSi SeiWra. belaqnelebi rusebis Sete- amitom iyo, rom man qarTuli batalioni isev
vas ar elodnen da saTanado winaaRmdegoba alaznis napirze, vakeze ganalaga da mterTan
ver gaswies. lekebis nawili sofel katexSi sabrZolvelad moemzada. lekebma CaTvales,
gaiqca da iq gamagrda. mosalodneli iyo, rom rom qarTuli batalioni ukan ixevda, swrafad
belaqanSi ruseTis winaaRmdeg saerTo ajanye- datoves xelsayreli pozicia da vakeze Camov-
ba daiwyeboda. giorgi erisTavma gadawyvita idnen. podpolkovnikma simoniCma lekebis
sanimuSod daesaja katexSi Sefarebuli leke- Secdoma gamoiyena da batalions ieriSze ga-
bi. qarTvel grenaderTa polkis 3 batalioni, dasvla ubrZana. xelCarTul brZolaSi 6.000
Sirvanis da egerTa 41-e polkebis razmebi, ni- lekma grenaderebis moulodnel Setevas ver
Jegorodis dragunTa polkis 2 eskadronTan gauZlo da mTebs Seafara Tavi.
erTad sofel katexisaken daiZra. jarma gada- 1825 wlis Semodgomam isev did SiSiano-
laxa gzaze mowyobili xergilebi da katexi- baSi Caiara. Rame ise ar gavidoda, rom ala-
saken agrZelebda winsvlas. lekebs col-Svili zansa da iors Soris ganlagebul niJegoro-
mTebSi hyavdaT gaxiznuli. didTovlobisa da dis polkSi gangaSi ar gamocxadebuliyo. qa-
yinvebis gamo gaxiznulebi mZime mdgomareoba- rTvel grenaderTa polkis me-2 batalioni,
Si aRmoCndnen. katexSi gamagrebulma lekebma romelic uSualod alaznis marjvena napirze
Sewyaleba iTxoves. giorgi erisTavma lekebi idga, mudmiv sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi imyofe-
Seiwyala, Tumca sofeli katexi da kidev ram- boda. iranidan WarSi didi odenobis fuli da
denime sofeli gadawva. samxedro eqspediciis saCuqrebi igzavneboda. Warelebi kaxeTze Tav-
dasrulebis Semdeg gatarda usafrTxoebis dasxmisaTvis isev emzadebodnen. saqarTvelos
damatebiTi RonisZiebebi: samxedro saguSa- samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTveli da kavkasiis
goebze jaris raodenoba gaizarda, erTi sa- korpusis me-20 diviziis meTauri general-
guSago sofel katexTan axlos gadaitanes. leitenanti ivan veliaminovi (veliaminov I),
1825 wlamde, sanam iran-ruseTis urTier- Seqmnili mdgomareobis miuxedavad, iZulebu-
Toba kidev erTxel ar daiZaba, War-belaqnis li iyo, saqarTvelodan ruseTis jaris nawili
mxridan saqarTvelos safrTxe ar damuqrebia. Crdilo kavkasiaSi gaegzavna, sadac aleqsei
1825 wels abas mirzam Warisa da belaqnis le- ermolovi mTielebs ebrZoda. amitom iyo, rom
kebs ruseTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mou- veliaminovi WarelebTan molaparakebiT cdi-
woda. 1825 wlis 10 ivliss lekebi sofel grems lobda urTierTobis mogvarebas. mas Zalze
daesxnen Tavs, ramdenime qarTveli mokles afiqrebda general giorgi erisTavis ficxi
354
vaxtang guruli
xasiaTi. veliaminovi WarSi, sofel katexSi

katexSi,, rTvelos axali mTavarsardali winamorbed-
myof giorgi erisTavs swerda:~gaxsovdeT, ka- Tagan imiT gansxvavdeboda, rom reformebis
texSi jars verafriT gavaZlierebT. amitom procesSi qarTveli eris zne-Cveulebebisa da
keTilgoniereba moiTxovs, daRestanTan urT- tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebas apirebda. qarT-
ierTobis garTulebisagan Tavi SevikavoT. velTa sulier ganwyobilebas rom daakvirda,
dRevandel viTarebaSi verafers movimoq- ermolovma kidev erTi daskvna gamoitana: sax-
medebT imis garda, rom moTminebiT avitanoT elmwifoebriobisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis
Warelebis Tavxedoba da ramdenadac SesaZle- gauqmebis miuxedavad, qarTveli Tavadebi, azn-
beli iqneba, maTi moTxovnebi uarvyoT. katex- aurebi da saeklesio ierarqebi miiCnevdnen, rom
Si Cven imdeni Zalebi ar gvyavs, rom gabedul rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba saqarTvelos
moqmedebaze gadavideT, me ki imis ufleba ara istoriaSi iseTive epizodi iyo, rogorsac war-
maqvs, rom Tqven umniSvnelo razmiT urCi le- moadgenda wina saukuneebSi iranisa da osmale-
kebis winaaRmdeg gaggzavnoT.~ generali gior- Tis mmarTvelobis damyareba
damyareba.. qarTvelebSi am
gi erisTavi eTanxmeboda veliaminovs. amasTan iluziis gafantva ermolovs marto sadam-
erTad, igi Tvlida, rom lekebis Tvalis asax- sjelo RonisZiebebiT ar ucdia, man imereTSi
vevad ise moqceuliyvnen, TiTqos maTze Sete- dawyebuli ajanyebis dros saqarTvelodan
vas apirebdnen. giorgi erisTavma Wareli ma- gaasaxla quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropo-
masaxlisebi Sekriba da mkacrad gaafrTxila, litebi, magram, amasTan erTad, imperatoris
kaxeTze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi Warelebi sas- winaSe iSuamdgomla cimbirSi gadasaxlebuli
tikad daisjebiano. Warelebi dafrTxnen da kaxeTis ajanyebis monawileebis saqarTveloSi
laSqrobaze droebiT xeli aiRes. dabrunebis Taobaze.
1825 wlis 18 dekembers 600 didoeli aleqsei ermolovi aucileblad miiCnev-
leki moulodnelad Tavs daesxa sofel da saqarTvelos samoqalaqo mmarTvelobaSi
sabues.. RamiT lekebi sofelSi SeiWrnen da
sabues dasaqmebuli moxeleebis Semadgenlobis ga-
xanjlebiT sicocxle mouswrafes ramdenime naxlebas _ arakompetenturTa da korufciaSi
aseul qarTvels. sabueSi idga qarTvel gre- SemCneulTa Secvlas Rirseuli moxeleebiT.
naderTa polkis aseuli Stabs-kapitan gor- miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mTa-
bas meTaurobiT. gorba yazarmaSi Caiketa da varsardali dasaxuli miznisaTvis brZolaSi
aseuli gareT mxolod maSin gamoiyvana, roca Tanmimdevrobasa da did Seupovrobas iCen-
sofel Sildidan sabuis dasaxmareblad qada, uRirsi rusi moxeleebisagan samoqalaqo
rTvel grenaderTa polkis aseuli movida. am mmarTvelobis mTlianad gawmenda man ver Se-
droisaTvis lekebi ukve sabuedan Sors imy- Zlo. amaSi ermolovs xels uSlidnen peter-
ofebodnen. sofel sabuis darbevasa da qarT- burgidan. garda amisa, aSkarad igrZnoboda
velTa amoJletaSi brali miuZRvis Telavis saWiro kadrebis didi nakleboba. saqarT-
okrugis ufros maior stepanovs
stepanovs,, romelmac velos mTavarsardlis (1819 wlidan kavkasiis
cudi klimaturi pirobebis momizezebiT qar- mTavarsardlis) centralur aparatSi samuSa-
Tuli milicia (saxalxo laSqari) saguSagoe- od ermolovma ver moiZia ramdenime aTeuli
bidan moxsna, ramac lekebs saSualeba misca, Rirseuli moxelec ki. aqedan cxadi xdeba, Tu
SeumCnevlad miaxloebodnen sofel sabues. rogori kadrebiT iqneboda dakompleqtebuli
13. aleqsei ermolovis moRvaweoba saqarT- saqarTvelos samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis saSu-
veloSi samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis alo da dabali rgolebi. iSviaTi gamonakli-
mizniT. TbilisSi Camosul aleqsei ermolovs sis garda, ermolovma TiTqmis veranairi cvl-
daxvda ivan gudoviCis, aleqsandr tormasovis, ileba ver Seitana mmarTvelobis saSualo da
filip pauluCis da nikolai rtiSCevis mTa- dabali rgolebis moxeleTa SemadgenlobaSi.
varsardlobis wlebSi Sedgenili proeqtebi, arada swored am rangs uxdeboda pirdapiri
romlebic saqarTvelos samoqalaqo mmarTv- Sexeba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sxvadasxva
elobis gardaqmnas iTvaliwinebda. am proeqt- socialur fenasTan.
Tagan didi nawili saerTod ar ganxorcieleb- aleqsei ermolovma saqarTveloSi Camos-
ula. proeqtebis gacnobisa da arsebuli viTa- vlamdec kargad icoda, rom samoqalaqo
rebis Seswavlis Semdeg ermolovma daaskvna: mmarTvelobaSi Rrmad iyo fesvgadgmuli Za-
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo mmarTveloba Zireul lauflebis borotad gamoyeneba, rac umetes
da dauyonebliv gardaqmnas saWiroebda. saqa- SemTxvevaSi dausjeli rCeboda. saqarTvelos
355
pirvelma mTavarsardalma karl knoringma senatma mis samarTalwarmoebaSi gamoyenebaze

da saqarTvelos pirvelma mmarTvelma piotr uari ganacxada. 1825 wlis 28 Tebervals im-
kovalenskim miaRwies imas, rom ruseTis imperator aleqsandr I-is umaRlesi brZanebiT
periis kanonmdeblobis darRveviT saqarT- damtkicebuli ruseTis ministrTa komitetis
veloSi saprokuroro zedamxedveloba ar dadgenileba senats avalebda saqarTvelodan
xorcieldeboda.. pavel cicianovis Suamd-
xorcieldeboda Semosuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas batoniSvil
gomlobis Sedegad 1803 wlidan saqarTvelo vaxtangis samarTlis axali TargmaniT exelmZ-
daeqvemdebara saprokuroro zedamxedvelo- RvanelaT. es imas niSnavda, rom wina wlebSi
bas. saqarTvelos uzenaes mTavrobas gamoeyo saqarTvelodan senatSi Sesuli saqmeebi xe-
erTi prokurori. igi valdebuli iyo mox- laxla, amjerad ukve batoniSvil vaxtangis
eleTa mier Zalauflebis borotad gamoy- samarTlis mixedviT, unda ganexilaT.
enebisa da sxva kanondarRvevaTa Sesaxeb mo- saqarTveloSi Camosul aleqsei ermo-
exsenebina saqarTvelos mTavarsardlisa da lovs mZime viTareba dauxvda miwis mflo-
ruseTis imperiis iusticiis ministrisaTvis. belTa vinaobis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT. ara-
saprokuroro zedamxedvelobis SemoRebam vis SeeZlo danamdvilebiT da zustad gaeca
Sedegi ver gamoiRo, radgan yvela prokuro- pasuxi kiTxvaze: vis ekuTvnoda miwa _ xazinas,
ri Tavad arRvevda kanons: borotad iyenebda eklesias, Tavads Tu aznaurs; vin iyo glexis
Zalauflebas da Cafluli iyo korufciaSi. mflobeli _ xazina, eklesia, Tavadi Tu azn-
magaliTad, prokurori plaxotini spirtiani auri? vin iyo es adamiani _ Tavadi, aznauri,
sasmelebiT ukanono vaWrobaSi iyo Cabmuli, yma-glexi, ymobidan ganTavisuflebuli glexi
xolo prokurorma mellinma xazinidan 615 Tu moqalaqe. ermolovma erT-erT upirveles
Cervoneci miiTvisa. arc palaxotins da arc RonisZiebad saxazino miwebis azomva da gami-
mellins aranairi mniSvnelovani kanondar- jvna daisaxa. am mizniT 1819 wlis 24 Teber-
Rveva saqarTveloSi ar gamoumJRavnebiaT. vals dainiSna erTi sagubernio miwismzomeli
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aleqsandr tor- da yoveli mazrisaTvis sami miwismzomeli.
masovi imdenad aRaSfoTa plaxotinis uRirs- rogorc sagubernio miwismzomeli, ise samaz-
ma saqcielma, rom iZulebuli gaxda prokuro miwismzomelebi male umZimes mdgomareo-
rori daepatimrebina, ris gamoc imperatoris baSi aRmoCndnen, maT unda ganexilaT uamravi
risxva daimsaxura. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saqme, rac miwismzomelTa raodenobis mniS-
nawilis mTavarmarTebeli ivan veliaminovi vnelovnad gazrdas saWiroebda. ermolovma
(veliaminov I) aRSfoTebuli iyo prokuror miwismzomelTa raodenobis gazrdas miaRwia,
sokolovis uRirsi saqcieliT, misi gulgri- magram male gairkva, rom es raodenobac sak-
li damokidebulebiT kanondarRvevisadmi. marisi ar iyo.
1822 wels saqarTvelos prokurorad dain-
iSna Rirseuli pirovneba, qarTveli Wilaevi
Wilaevi..
axali prokurori Wkviani, humanuri, qarTuli
da rusuli samarTlis kargad mcodne ada- §2. kavkasiis didi omebis dasawyisi
miani iyo. Wilaevs did pativs cemda ermo-
lovi. ermolovma saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kavkasiis didma omebma mniSvnelovani gav-
gubernator egor xovenis TavmjdomareobiT lena moaxdina samxedro-politikur viTare-
Seqmna komisia, romelsac rusulad xelaxla baze saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelo, pirdapir Tu
unda eTargmna batoniSvil vaxtangis samar- arapirdapir, am omSi CaTreuli aRmoCnda.
Tli. komisiam, romlis SemadgenlobaSi saqa- 1.. mdgomareoba kavkasiis xazze didi
rTvelos prokurori Wilaevi da Tavadi fa- omebis dasawyisisaTvis. aleqsei ermolovis
lavandiSvili Sediodnen, Targmna 1824 wels umTavres misias Crdilo kavkasiis dapyroba
daasrula. batoniSvil vaxtangis samarTlis warmoadgenda. diplomatiuri misia iranSi
axali Targmani imdenad kargi iyo, rom man da ruseT-iranis urTierTobis mogvareba
kavkasiis mTavarsardal aleqsei ermolovisa Crdilo kavkasiis dapyrobisaTvis momza-
da cnobili rusi saxelmwifo moRvawis mixail debis gegmis nawili iyo. iranTan urTierTo-
speranskis didi mowoneba daimsaxura. batoniS- bis mogvarebamde ruseTi Crdilo kavkasiaSi
vil vaxtangis samarTlis adreuli Targmanebi farTomasStabian samxedro moqmededebebs ver
imdenad gaugebari iyo, rom ruseTis imperiis daiwyebda.
aleqsei ermolovma yuradReba miaqcia
356
vaxtang guruli
imas, rom kavkasiis xazis marjvena flangze manZilze mTlianad gaeCexaT tye. ermolo-
(Crdilo kavkasiis dasavleTi nawili), mdinare vis mier gatarebulma RonisZiebebma CeCnebi
yubanis gaswvriv arsebuli cixe-simagreebi daarwmuna, rom axali mTavarsardali sanax-
da redutebi sakmarisi ar iqneboda im SemTx- evro RonisZiebebiT ar kmayofildeboda. CeC-
vevaSi, Tu ruseTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili nebma sworad auRes alRo Seqmnil viTarebas.
Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebi yubanis marjvena 1817 wlis 30 noembers ermolovma imperators
napirze ganlagebul rusul soflebs daesx- kidev ori cixe-simagris aSenebis nebarTva
modnen Tavs. am TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba sTxova. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali impera-
Zalze savalalo iyo: ust-labinskis cixe-si- tors moaxsenebda, rom CeCnebi simagreebis
magre mTlianad xisagan iyo nagebi; kavkasiis mSeneblobas advilad ar Seeguebodnen, mo-
cixe-simagre nangrevebad iyo qceuli; proCni- salodneli iyo omi. ermolovi imperators
okopisa da wminda nikolozis simagreebi ise swerda, rom omis SemTxvevaSi Crdilo kavka-
iyo agebuli, rom mdinare yubanis adidebis siis xazze ganlagebuli jarebi sakmarisi ar
dros mTlianad wyliT ifareboda. orive iqneboda. saqarTvelos mTavarsardali imper-
cixe-simagreSi uamravi jariskaci iRupeboda ators afrTxilebda, rom Crdilo kavkasiaSi
avadmyofobiT. ermolovma am simagreebis dan- mcire warumateblobasac ki damRupveli Sede-
grevis brZaneba gasca; temno-lesskaias cixe- gebi eqneboda. aleqsandr I-ma gaiTvaliswina
simagre iseT adgilze iyo agebuli, rom ara- saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis Txovna da 1818
nairi strategiuli daniSnuleba ar gaaCnda wlis 10 ianvars brZaneba gasca yirimidan er-
da arc sabrZolo masalebisa da provian- molovis daqvemdebarebaSi egerTa me-8 polki
tis maragi hqonda, momarageba ferxdeboda gadaesrolaT.
gauvali gzebis gamo. mdinare yubanis napiras 2. sabrZolo moqmedebebis dasawyisi Crdi-
ganlagebuli yvela cixe-simagre trial min- lo kavkasiaSi. miuxedavad aleqsei ermolovis
dorze iyo da maTi dacva uaRresad gaZnel- mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa, CeCenTa Tav-
deboda. gacilebiT ukeTesi mdgomareoba iyo dasxmebi kavkasiis xazze kvlav grZeldeboda.
kavkasiis xazis marcxena flangze (Crdilo ka- CeCnebi itacebdnen qalebsa da bavSvebs, cx-
vkasiis aRmosavleT nawili). aq cixe-simagree- enisa da saqonlis jogebs. isini aRar jerde-
bi da redutebi strategiul adgilebSi iyo bodnen kazakTa saguSagoebsa da redutebze
ganlagebuli da maTi sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi Tavdasxmas da vladikavkazis cixe-simagris
moyvana didad ar gaWirdeboda. ermolovis SemogarenSic ki gamoCndnen. CeCnebi ruseTis
saqarTvelos mTavarsardlad daniSvnamde jarTan brZolaSi ar ebmebodnen da jaris ga-
mdinare sunjaze (Tergis marjvena Senakadi) moCenisTanave saswrafod ukan ixevdnen. gansa-
aages reduti nazranovski
nazranovski,, romelic moz- kuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba iqmneboda mdin-
dokidan saqarTveloSi momaval gzas icavda. are Tergis yinuliT dafarvis Semdeg, CeCnebs
ermolovi am gzis dacvas did mniSvnelobas SeeZloT xidebis gverdis avliT nebismier
aniWebda. man brZaneba gasca, rom 1817 wlis adgilas gadaelaxaT mdinare. kavkasiis xazis
zafxulSi mdinare sunjaze aegoT kidev erTi mTavarsardali generali delpoco iZulebu-
reduti _ pregradni
pregradni.. 1817 wlis oqtomberSi li gaxda Tergze mudmivi saguSagoebi saer-
reduti ukve mzad iyo, igi saxelmwifo xazi- Tod moexsna, saguSagoebs dRe Ria adgilze
nas 2.568 maneTi daujda. miuxedavad amisa, Ce- awyobdnen, xolo RamiT _ tyiT dafarul adg-
Cnebma gadawyvites Tavdasxma moewyoT kavkasi- ilebSi. CeCnebi yovelnairad cdilobdnen ka-
is xazze. pregradnis redutis garnizoni vla- zakTa cxenebis gatacebas, raTa momavali Tav-
dikavkazis sagarnizono polkis 1 aseulisa da dasxmis dros rusebs maTi devnis saSualeba
kazakTa 1 aseulisagan Sedgeboda, SeiaraRe- aRar hqonodaT. delpocos saSualeba ar hqon-
baze hqonda 2 zarbazani. redutis nakls war- da yoveli Tavdasxmis Semdeg gatacebuli cx-
moadgenda is, rom ar gaaCnda sasmeli wyali, enebis nacvlad axali gamoeyo kazakebisaTvis.
romelic jariskacebs mdinare sunjadan unda ermolovis brZanebis Tanaxmad, tyved ayvani-
aeRoT. wylis mosatanad jariskacebs 250-380 li ramdenime CeCeni CamoaxCves. amasTan erTad,
saJeni unda gaevloT. ermolovma 1817 wlis CeCnebis aulebis mosaxleoba gaafrTxiles,
22 noembers kavkasiis xazis mTavarsrdal rom kavkasiis xazze TavdasxmelTa Sefarebis
general-maior ivan delpocos ubrZana si- SemTxvevaSi aulebs miwasTan gaasworebdnen.
magris garSemo zarbaznis yumbaris gasrolis kavkasiis xazis gaswvriv ganlagebuli rusuli
357
stanicebis mosaxleobas daevala sayaraulo Tas kargad dagegmili RonisZiebebi da, rac
razmebis Sedgena, romelTac RamiT stanicebi mTavaria, dro sWirdeboda. ermolovi werda:
CeCnebis Tavdasxmebisagan unda daecvaT. er- mTa uzarmazari cixe-simagrea, misi SturmiT
molovma Seityo, rom stanicebSi mcxovrebi aReba did msxverplsa da dros moiTxovso.
kazakebi garkveuli Rirebulebis sanacvlod mTielebis winaaRmdeg pirveli didi operacia
zogjer CeCnebTan SeTanxmebiT moqmedebdnen, ermolovma 1818 wlis gazafxulisaTvis dageg-
xolo stanicebis mamasaxlisebi da kazakTa ma. kavkasiis xazze arsebul cixe-simagreebsa
polkebis meTaurebi danaSaulis aRsakveTad da redutebSi jaris sakmao raodenobis gan-
aranair RonisZiebas ar atarebdnen. am mov- lagebis Semdeg, 1818 wlis maisSi, ermolovi
lenis aRkveTis mizniT ermolovma 1818 wlis Tergis marcxena napirs miadga. saqarTvelos
25 ivniss gamosca sagangebo brZaneba, romlis mTavarsardlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: egerTa
Tanaxmad, Tu CeCnebi stanicebs gaZarcvavdnen, me-8 polkis 2 batalioni, egerTa me-16 pol-
xolo kazakebi mZarcvelebs gaurigdebodnen kis 2 batalioni, troickis qveiTTa polkis
da winaaRmdegobas ar gauwevdnen, naZarcvis 1 batalioni, yabardos qveiTTa polkis 1
Rirebulebis dadgenis Semdeg mosaxleobas batalioni, Crdilo kavkasiel kazakTa razmi,
zarali aunazRaurdeboda stanicis mamasax- 18 mZime da msubuqi zarbazani. sul yvela
lisis qonebis gayidvis xarjze. ermolovma batalionSi iricxeboda: Stabis oficeri da
daadgina, rom kavkasiis xazze Seqmnili mZime ufrosi oficeri _ 106, umcrosi oficeri _
mdgomareoba gamowveuli iyo imiTac, rom ka- 434, rigiTi _ 4.933, arasamwyobro momzadebis
zakTa polkebsa da stanicebSi samxedro sam- _ 167. artilerias emsaxureboda: Stabis ofi-
saxuris Sesrulebis procesSi sistematiurad ceri da ufrosi oficeri _ 10, rigiTi _223,
irRveoda disciplina, ar emorCilebodnen arasamwyobro momzadebis _ 49. garda aRniS-
meTaurs, samxedro samsaxurs tovebdnen da nulisa sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi iyo: araregu-
sxv. 1818 wlis 25 ivliss ermolovi general laruli jaris ufrosi oficeri _ 13, uri-
osip debus mkacri toniT swerda, rom uwes- adniki _ 32, rigiTi _ 440. sul ermolovis
rigobisadmi misi gulgrili damokidebuleba daqvemdebarebaSi iyo daaxloebiT 5.596 mebr-
ganapirobebda misdami daqvemdebarebul samx- Zoli.
edroTa yovlad uRirs saqciels. Tergis marjvena napirze gadasvla dan-
peterburgSi ver aexsnaT kavkasiis xazze iSnuli iyo 1818 wlis 25 maiss. CeCnebs mdina-
Seqmnili umZimesi mdgomareoba. 1818 wlis 4 ris gadalaxvisas winaaRmdegoba ar gauweviaT,
maiss ruseTis jarebis mTavari Stabis ufro- ruseTis jari mdinare sunjas (Tergis marcx-
si, infanteriis generali piotr volkonski ena Senakadi) napirisaken daiZra. 1818 wlis 10
aleqsei ermolovs swerda, rom ecnobebina, ivniss aleqsei ermolovma mdinare sunjaze
Tu riT iyo ganpirobebuli kavkasiis xazze safuZveli Cauyara rusul cixe-simagre gro-
mTielTa gamudmebuli Tavdasxmebi. 1818 wlis znaias. cixe-simagris garSemo mdebare CeCenTa
22 ivniss ermolovi volkonskis swerda: CeCen- aulebma winaaRmdegobis gaweva ver gabedes,
Ta da sxva mTielTa Tavdaxmebi kavkasiis xaz- maT mxolod TavianTi aulebisaken mimaval
ze ganpirobebulia mxolod da mxolod Zarc- gzebze sayaraulo razmebi ganalages. cixe-
vis surviliT, sxva mizezebi ar arsebobso. simagre groznaias mSenebloba 1818 wlis oq-
ermolovi aRniSnavda, rom mis daniSvnamdec tomberSi dasrulda. mdinare sunjaze rusu-
kavkasiis xazze Tavdasxmebi regularuli iyo, li cixe-simagris daarsebam, rasac kavkasiis
magram peterburgs mxolod gansakuTrebul xazis Tergidan sunjaze gadatana mohyva, Ce-
SemTxvevebSi acnobebdnen. generali moxsene- Cnebi mZime mdgomareobaSi Cayara, maT saxnav-
baSi werda, rom misi daniSvnis Semdeg Tav- saTesi miwebisa da saTibebis didi nawili da-
dasxmebis ricxvi ar gazrdila, ubralod, karges. male ermolovis brZanebis Tanaxmad,
peterburgSi, wina wlebisagan gansxvavebiT, barSi mcxovrebi CeCnebi aiZules mama-papaTa
yoveli Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb igzavneboda cnoba, sacxovrebeli adgilebi mietovebinaT da
rac qmnida imis STabeWdilebas, rom TiTqos mTaSi arsebul aulebs Sexizvnodnen. aSakara
kavkasiis xazze mTielTa raodenoba gaizarda. iyo, rom CeCnebs ojaxebis puriT gamokveba da
aleqsei ermolovi darwmunda imaSi, rom saqonlis jogis Senaxva Zalze gauWirdebo-
mTielTa Tavdasxmebi kavkasiis xazze kv- daT. saarsebo saSualeba maT ZarcviT unda
lavac gagrZeldeboda, Tavdasxmebis aRkve- moepovebinaT, Tumca mdinare sunjaze cixe-
358
vaxtang guruli
simagre groznaias agebis Semdeg, Zarcva di- aul baSliSi ganlagebul rusebze mTielTa
dad gaWirda. CeCnebs, rusebis winaaRmdeg br- Tavdasxmebi grZeldeboda. mSieri jariskace-
Zolis dawyebis garda, sxva gza aRar darCaT. bi Zlivs axerxebdnen maT mogeriebas. 3.000
rusebma cixe-simagre groznaias garSemo tyis mTieli mZime mdgomareobaSi agdebda aulis
gaCexa daiwyes, ramac ara marto CeCneTSi, ar- koSkebSi ganlagebul rusebs. artileriis
amed daRestanSic didi mRelvareba gamoiwvia. gamoyenebiT rusebma SeZles ramdenime Sete-
mTielebma igrZnes, rom rusebi maTi miwebis vis mogerieba. sami dRis ganmavlobaSi mSier
dapyrobas ara marto TofiTa da zarbazniT, jariskacebs Tvali ar mouxuWavT. generalma
aramed najaxiTac apirebdnen. CeCneTSi mRel- pestelma baSlis datovebis gadawyvetileba
vareba sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeboda. miiRo. rusebma auli gadawves da Tan waiyvanes
imperatori aleqsandr I mxars uWerda ermo- daRestnelTa sxvadasxva soflis 29 mZevali.
lovis mier gatarebul RonisZiebebs, magram, general andrei pestelis marcxma daR-
amasTan erTad, 1818 wlis 30 seqtembers ruse- estnelebisa da CeCnebis sabrZolo su-
Tis jarebis mTavari Stabis ufrosis, piotr likveTebis amaRleba gamoiwvia. aleqsei ermo-
vokonskis, meSveobiT, ermolovs mouwodebda lovi iZulebuli gaxda pestelis meTaurobiT
CeCnebTan mSvidobiani urTierToba daemyare- damsjeli eqspedicia gaegzavna daRestanSi
bina. CeCnebis aulebis nawilma rusebs mZevle- da TviTonac sabrZolo moqmedebis raionSi
bi misca, rac erTxans mSvidobis SenarCunebis Casuliyo. general pestelis samxedro-sae-
imeds iZleoda. CeCnebis meore nawili mZev- qspedicio razmi (1.800 oficeri da jaris-
lebis micemaze uars ambobda da brZolisaT- kaci) derbentidan 1818 wlis 14 noembers
vis emzadeboda. brZolisaTvis emzadebodnen gavida. rusebma brZolebiT gaiares ramdenime
daRestnelebic. general-maiorma andrei pes- auli,, ajanyebulebi gafantes, xolo aulebi
auli
telma gadawyvita daRestnelebisaTvis dae- gadawves. 1818 wlis Semodgomasa da zamTar-
swro da 1818 wlis oqtomberSi auli baSli Si mimdinare sabrZolo moqmedebebis Sede-
daikava. generali pesteli, iseve rogorc gad ermolovma ruseTis imperias SeuerTa
bevri sxva rusi generali da oficeri, abuCad daRestnis is aulebi, romlebic rusebis wi-
igdebda mTielebs, angariSs ar uwevda maT naaRmdeg brZolaSi monawileobdnen, xolo is
adaT-wesebs. ruseTis jaris mier baSlis daka- aulebi, romelTac ajanyebaSi monawileoba ar
veba didi Secdoma iyo. aulSi Sesuli rusebis miuRiaT, kvlav Tavisufal aulebad darCnen.
mcire razmi baSlisa da sxva aulebidan mo- rusebs mimxrobili tarkis Samxali
sulma mTielebma alyaSi moaqcies. baSlis mehTi avariis xanis Tavdasxmas eloda da
garSemo mTielTa raodenoba sul ufro da rusebs sTxovda daxmarebas. 1818 wlis 20 no-
ufro izrdeboda, gamoCndnen cxenosanTa embers ermolovi tarkaSi Sevida. daRestnis
razmebic. general pestels ukve hyavda mZev- mmarTvelebis didi nawili saqarTvelos mTa-
lebi aul baSlidan. generalma mZevlebis varsardals eaxla da morCileba aRuTqva.
ganTavisuflebis magivrad sxva aulebis mama- ermolovi darwmunebuli iyo, rom mTielebi
saxlisebsac mZevlebi mosTxova. da es maSin, micemul pirobas ar Seasrulebdnen, magram
rodesac 2.000 rusi oficeri da jariskaci moaxloebuli zamTris gamo daRestanSi sabr-
20.000 mTielis alyaSi iyo. mTielebs saTaveSi Zolo moqmedebebis gagrZeleba SeuZlebeli
edgnen: avariis xani, misi Zma hasan xani da Six iyo. 1818 wlis noembris bolos ermolovma
ali xani
xani.. sul ramdenime dReSi ajanyeba mTel tarkis saSamxlos teritoria datova da 1 de-
daRestans moedo. mxolod tarkis Samxali kembers starogladkovskis stanicasTan mdin-
mehTi II darCa rusebis erTguli. 1818 wlis are Tergi gadmolaxa da TbilisSi dabrunda.
23 oqtombers daRestnelebma general peste- 1819 wlis gazafxulidan ukve kavkasiis
lis razms Seuties. generali erT-erT koSk- calke korpusis mTavarsardalma (kavkasiis
Si Caiketa da mxolod rusi artileristebis mTavarsardalma) aleqsei ermolovma Crdilo
mier droulad gaxsnilma cecxlma ixsna igi kavkasiis dapyrobis mizniT axali sabrZolo
gardauvali sikvdilisagan. rusebis razmi moqmedebebi daiwyo, romelic wlis bolomde
daiqsaqsa da aul baSlis sxvadasxva ubanSi grZeldeboda. saxedro eqspediciis dros
ganlagda. TavdacviT brZolas faqtobrivad ermolovma mdinare aktaSis napiras daarsa
podpolkovniki miSCenko da maiori iznos- rusuli cixe-simagre vnezapnaia
vnezapnaia.. miuxedavad
kovi xelmZRvanelobdnen. 24-25 oqtombers miRweuli warmatebisa, daRestanSi rusuli
359
mmarTvelobis SemoReba SeuZlebeli gaxda. giTi, xolo yovel batalionSi _ 100 umcrosi
ermolovi yuradRebiT ekideboda ruseT-ira- oficeri da 1.200 rigiTi. es ki imas niSnavda,
nis sazRvris gamagrebis saqmes. man samudamod rom omis SemTxvevaSi qarTul korpuss, sul
gaauqma Saqis saxano, saxanos teritoria Saqis mcire, 50.000 oficeri da jariskaci eyole-
olqSi Sevida. somxeTis sofel giumrSi
giumrSi,, ro- boda mwyobrSi. imperatoris brZanebis Tanax-
melic ruseTis, iranisa da osmaleTis saz- mad, qarTul korpusSi unda Sesuliyo Semde-
Rvrebis Sesayarze mdebareobda, rusebma gi polkebi: afSeronis, Tenginis, navaginskis,
cixe-simagris mSenebloba daiwyes. imavdrou- Sirvanis, kurinis, samegrelos, egerTa 41-e,
lad mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi gatarda 42-e, 43-e, da 45-e polkebi. qarTuli korpu-
Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebare rudet-kales sis daqvemdebarebaSi igzavneboda 51-e da 52-e
gamagrebis mizniT, romelsac mniSvnelovani saartilerio aseulebi. es polkebi me-19 da
roli unda Seesrulebina me-20 diviziebis SemadgenlobaSi ase iyo ga-
osmaleTTan omis SemTxvevaSi aucile- nawilebuli. me-19 diviziaSi Sedioda: yabar-
beli iyo kavkasiis xazTan mudmivi kavSiris dos, Tenginis, navaginskis, samegrelos, eger-
SenarCuneba. am TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvn- Ta 43-e da 45-e polkebi (1819 wlis 16 ivnisi-
eloba eniWeboda mcxeTasTan mdebare RarTis- dan egerTa 45-e polki egerTa 44-e polkad
karis saguSagos gamagrebas. RarTiskarze ga- iwodeboda). me-20 diviziaSi Sedioda: afSe-
dioda Tbilisidan duSeTisaken mimavali gza. ronis, Sirvanis, kurinskis, Tbilisis, egerTa
3. qarTuli korpusis reorganizacia. 41-e da 42-e polkebi. grenaderTa brigadaSi
aleqsei ermolovis mier axali cixe-simagree- Sedioda: xersonis, qarTuli da karabinerTa
bis daarseba aucilebels xdida Camoyalibe- me-7 polkebi. am jarebis nawili Crdilo ka-
buliyo damatebiTi sagarnizono batalionebi vkasiaSi, xolo nawili samxreT kavkasiaSi imy-
daaxloebiT 14.000 oficrisa da jariskacis ofeboda. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, impera-
SemadgenlobiT. ermolovis gegmis Tanaxmad, torma aleqsandr I-ma uari Tqva sagarnizono
garnizonebSi oficrebisa da jariskacebis ra- batalionebis Seqmnaze, samagierod, misi br-
odenoba aseTi unda yofiliyo: redut-kaleSi ZanebiT, yoveli polkis (garda grenaderTa
_ 3.000, giumrSi _ 3.000, yarabaRSi ((SuSaSi
SuSaSi)) _ polkebisa) meore batalioni sagarnizono sam-
2.400, baqoSi _ 1.000, derbentSi _ 1.600, Zvel saxurisaTvis unda gamoeyenebinaT. amrigad,
SemaxaSi _ 2.000, RarTiskarSi _ 1.000. impera- qarTuli korpusis 8 polkidan sagarnizono
tori aleqsandr I 1819 wlis 19 aprilis br- samsaxurisaTvis gamoyofili iqneboda 10.400
ZanebSi aRniSnavda, rom qarTuli korpusis oficeri da jariskaci, xolo kavkasiis xazze
amdagvarad gazrda dauSveblad miaCnda, ma- ganlagebuli kidev 4 polkidan 5.200 jaris-
gram fiqrobda, rom SesaZlebeli iyo ramden- kaci, sul 15.000 oficeri da jariskaci.
ime RonisZiebis gatareba. imperatoris azriT, amrigad, aleqsandr I-ma, marTalia, mTli-
qarTuli korpusis Semadgenloba unda dar- anad ar gaiziara aleqsei ermolovis Sexed-
Ceniliyo ucvleli: qveiTTa 8 polki, egerTa uleba, magram sabolood, kavkasiis mTa-
4 polki, grenaderTa 2 polki, karabinerTa varsardalma Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiaSi
1 polki, sul 15 polki. yovel polkSi unda jarebis seriozuli raodenobiT gazrdas
yofiliyo 300 umcrosi oficeri da 3.600 ri- mainc miaRwia.
360
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XIX. 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba imereTSi, guriasa da samegreloSi
aleqsei ermolovi, rogorc zemoT mosavliT, xolo darCenili Tanxa _ imereTis,

aRvniSneT, TbilisSi Camosvlis Semdeg darw- guriisa da samegrelos eparqiebis Semosav-
munda, rom misma winamorbedma saqarTvelos lebidan. amisaTvis aucilebeli gaxda dadge-
mTavarsardlebma qveynis marTva-gamgeobis niliyo, Tu ra odenobis gadasaxadis akrefa
mowesrigebisa da rusuli mmarTvelobis Se- SeiZleboda imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos
moRebis Semdeg warmoqmnili problemebis eparqiebSi. es ki TavisTavad iTxovda ekle-
gadasaWrelad Zalze mcire ram, an saerTod siebisa da monastrebis zusti raodenobisa da
araferi ar gaakeTes. miuxedavad amisa, saqa- Semosavlebis dadgenas. saqarTvelos egzar-
rTvelos axal mTavarsardals moRvaweobis qosma arqiepiskoposma feofilaqt rusanovma
pirvel wlebSi principulad araferi Seucv- (1817-1821) gadawyvita aRweris zustad Cat-
lia. ruseTis imperatorisagan ermolovs arebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT Tavad gamgza-
sxva misia hqonda dakisrebuli. mas unda gae- vrebuliyo imereTSi, xolo samegrelosa da
magrebina savalalo mdgomareobaSi arsebuli guriaSi qvaTaxevis monastris arqimanditri
ruseTis sazRvrebi iranTan da osmaleTTan, aTanase da saqarTvelos saegzarqosos sinod-
SemoeRo rusuli mmarTveloba gulisTanis aluri kantoris prokurori Wilaevi miev-
zaviT (1813 w.) SeerTebul iranul saxanoe- linebina. kavkasiis mTavarsardali aleqsei
bSi da, rac mTavaria, daewyo Crdilo kavka- ermolovi grZnobda, rom saeklesio refor-
siis dapyroba. 1816-1820 wlebSi ermolovi mas garTulebebi mohyveboda, amitom iyo, rom
mudmiv omebSi imyofeboda da ruseTis jaris igi feofilaqt rusanovs urCevda imereTSi,
qarTuli korpusis (kavkasiis korpusis) ga- guriasa da samegreloSi saeklesio refor-
Zlierebaze ufro fiqrobda, vidre saqarT- mis gatarebisagan droebiT Tavi Seekavebina.
veloSi arsebuli ekonomikuri, socialuri da egzarqosma ermolovis Txovna ar gaiTval-
kulturuli sakiTxebis mogvarebaze, rusuli iswina da imereTSi gaemgzavra. quTaisidan
mmarTvelobis gaumjobesebaze. amitom iyo, feofilaqt rusanovma imereTis okrugebSi
rom ermolovis mmarTvelobis periodSi mra- moxeleebi gagzavna, romelTac daevalaT:
valma mwvave problemam iCina Tavi. 1. meufeebis (mwyemsmTavrebis) saeparqio
saxlebis, eparqiebis eklesiebis, sasuliero
da samoqalaqo msaxurebis Statebis aRwera;
2. monastrebisa da ber-monazonTa aRwera;
§1. 1819-1820 wlebis imereTis ajanyebis mizeze- 3. eparqiebSi arsebuli samrevlo eklesiebis
bi. mRelvarebis dasawyisi da am eklesiebis RvTismsaxurTa (mRvdlebis,
diakvnebis, medaviTneebisa da sxv.) aRwera; 4.
1.. ajanyebis mizezebi.
mizezebi. mcxeTis sapatri- saeklesio glexebisa da saeklesio mamulebis
arqo taxtisa da lixT-imereTisa da afxazTa aRwera; 5. im saeklesio aznaurebis aRwera,
sapatriarqo taxtis gauqmebis (1811-1814 ww.) romlebic ar Sediodnen meufeebis (eparqiis
Semdeg ruseTis eklesiis uwmindesi sinodi mmarTveli episkoposebis) amalaSi; 6. saekle-
agrZelebda saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi re- sio glexebis qonebisa da saeklesio Semosav-
formebis gatarebas. 1818 wlis 28 dekembers lebis aRwerisas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saekle-
sinodis moxsenebis safuZvelze gamoica im- sio glexebi Tanaxma iqnebodnen, unda SeeTava-
perator aleqsandr I-is brZaneba, romlis zebinaT naturiT gadasaxadis (sasursaTo ga-
mixedviTac, imereTSi, guriasa da samegre- dasaxadis) fuladi gadasaxadiT Secvla.
loSi 9 eparqiis nacvlad unda darCeniliyo Seudgnen Tu ara moxeleebi aRweras, TiTq-
3 eparqia, xolo imereTis, guriisa da same- mis mTel imereTSi didi mRelvareba daiwyo.
grelos eparqiebidan Semosuli saeklesio imereTis samRvdeloebis, saeklesio aznau-
gadasaxadebi unda gaerTianebuliyo qar- rebisa da saeklesio glexebis ukmayofilebas
Tlisa da kaxeTis eparqiebidan Semosul gaiziarebda da reformis gatarebis SeCerebas
dasaxadebTan. miRebuli Semosavlidan 10.000 iTxovda quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeozi
maneTi unda gadaricxuliyo oseTis sasuli- (wereTeli
wereTeli).
). mitropolit dosiTeozs imere-
ero komisiis xarjebis dasafaravad. am 10.000 Tis samRvdeloebaSi, Tavadebsa da aznaureb-
maneTidan 5.000 maneTi unda dafaruliyo qa- Si, saerTod, mosaxleobaSi didi avtoriteti
rTlisa da kaxeTis eparqiebidan miRebuli Se-
361
hqonda, ramac xeli Seuwyo saeklesio refor- lixTimereTisa da afxazTa sakaTalikosos

miT gamowveuli ukmayofilebis swrafad ga- gauqmebiT daiwyo, ukmayofileba gaZlierda
Zlierebas. aleqsei ermolovi kargad xedavda, saqarTvelos egzarqosis feofilaqt rusano-
rom ukmayofileba imereTis samRvdeloebaSi, vis utaqtobiT, qarTveli samRvdeloebisadmi
saeklesio aznaurebsa da glexebs Soris lix- upavticemulobiT, reformis arsiTa da misi
TimereTisa da afxazTa sakaTalikosos gau- gatarebis formiT. amitom iyo, rom ajanyebis
qmebis droidan (1814 w.) mwifdeboda. amitom dawyebaSi mTavar damnaSaved ermolovma
iyo, rom 1819 wels reformiT gamowveuli imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos Tavadebi da
ukmayofileba swrafad gadaizarda serio- aznaurebi CaTvala. kavkasiis mTavarsardali
zul gamosvlebSi da Semdeg_ajanyebaSi. re- imperators moaxsenebda: `saqarTvelos (qar-
formas daupirispirdnen ara marto imereTis Tlisa da kaxeTis _ v.g.) Tavaduri da aznauru-
mRvdelmsaxurebi, saeklesio aznaurebi da li warmoSobis axalgazrdebi cdiloben daeu-
glexebi, aramed Tavadebi da aznaurebi, is so- flon ganaTlebas, rasac ver ityvi imereTze,
cialuri fena, romelsac saeklesio reforma guriasa da samegreloze. imereTis, guriisa da
uSualod ar exeboda. ermolovi cdilobda samegrelos Tavadebi da aznaurebi eswrafian
SeiTvison yvela is garyvnileba, rac hqondaT
maT mezoblebs (igulisxmeba osmaleTi _ v.g.),
romlebic didi xnis manZilze batonobdnen
iq. Tavadebsa da aznaurebSi fexi moikida
muxanaTobam, umadurebam da Ralatisaken mis-
wrafebam. Tavadebi da aznaurebi, maTi wode-
brivi mdgomareobis miuxedavad, daemsgavsnen
yaCaRTa bandas. isini mdabioTaTvis yovel-
gvari borotebis misabaZ magaliTad iqcnen.
sul cota xnis win Tavadebsa da aznaurebs
mefisagan ganusazRvreli Zalaufleba hqon-
daT miniWebuli da dRemde ver SeugniaT, rom
es ganusazRvreli Zalaufleba da TviTnebo-
bis ufleba aRar eqnebaT“. cxadia, ermolovi
imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos samRvde-
loebis braleulobis sakiTxsac unda Sexe-
boda. am SemTxvevaSi kavkasiis mTavarsardali
SedarebiT TavSekavebulia, Tumca aRniSnavs:
samRvdeloebaSi sixarbem da momxveWelobam
fexi imitom moikida, rom mRvdelmTavrebi
cnobili Tavaduri sagvareuloebidan arian
da maT eklesiaSi moitanes saero cxovrebaSi
gavrcelebuli mankierebao.
wm. dosiTeoz quTaTelis xati saeklesio reforma iTvaliswinebda imer-
eTSi, guriasa da samegreloSi samrevlo ekle-
epova pasuxi kiTxvaze: mcxeTis sapatriar- siebis ricxvis Semcirebas. ruseTis eklesiis
qos gauqmebas da saeklesio qonebis aRweras uwmindesi sinodi amas Semdegi mizeziT xsnida:
qarTlsa da kaxeTSi ratom ar mohyva raime dasavleT saqarTveloSi eklesiis mTvdelTm-
seriozuli gamosvla, xolo imereTSi ratom saxurTa da maTi SemosavlebiT mosargebleTa
gadaizarda reformiT gamowveuli mRelva- ricxvi didi iyo. am fenasTan SedarebiT Za-
reba ajanyebaSi? am kiTxvaze pasuxi kavkasiis lze mcirericxovani iyo mrevli da, cxadia,
mTavarsardals ubralod cnobismoyvareobis mcire iyo misgan miRebuli gadasaxadis ra-
dasakmayofileblad ki ar sWirdeboda, ar- odenobac. eklesiebis didi nawili ubadruk
amed imperatorTan Tavis marTlebisaTvis. mdgomareobaSi iyo. am SemTxvevaSi sinodi yu-
1820 wlis 22 aprils imperatorisaTvis gag- radRebas ar aqcevda imas, rom samrevlo ekle-
zavnil moxsenebaSi ermolovi moerida imis siebis raodenobrivi Semcireba sarCos gareSe
aRniSvnas, rom samRvdeloebis ukmayofileba datovebda eklesiis msaxurebs (mRvdlebs,
362
vaxtang guruli
diakvnebs). cxadia, amas samRvdeloeba ver kalur RonisZiebebs, rogorsac dauyovnebliv

Seegueboda da Tavisi uflebebis dacvas Se- mimarTes Tavadebma da aznaurebma.
ecdeboda. ermolovi qarTveli samRvdeloe- 2.. mRelvarebis dasawyisi imereTSi.
imereTSi
bis brZolas Tundac minimaluri Semosavlis saeklesio mamulebis aRweris dawyebidan ori
SenarCunebisaTvis samRvdeloebis momxveW- dRis Semdeg cnobilma Tavadebma imereTis
elobiTa da sixarbiT xsnis. saqarTvelos eg- mmarTvel generel-maior ivan kurnatovskis
zarqosi arqiepiskoposi feofilaqt rusanovi mimarTes da saqarTvelos egzarqos arqiepis-
1819 wlis 13 ivliss saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kopos feofilaqt rusanovTan Sexvedris ne-
nawilis mTavarmarTebel general-leitenant barTva iTxoves. Tavadebs surdaT mieRoT
ivan veliaminovs (veliaminov I-s) swerda, rom ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom daiwyo
saeklesio mamulebisa da qonebis SenarCu- maTi mamulebis aRwera. imereTis mmarT-
nebiT dainteresebuli mRvdelmTavrebi re- velma TavadebSi radikaluri ganwyobileba
formis winaaRmdeg ganawyobdnen Tavadebsa SeniSna da maT egzarqosTan Sexvedraze uari
da aznaurebs, xolo mRvdlebi _ ubralo uTxra. aman kidev ufro gaamwvava viTareba.
xalxs. saqarTvelos egzarqosi mRvdelm- 1819 wlis 29 ivniss quTaisisa da Sorapnis
Tavrebsa da mRvdlebs brals sdebda imaSic, okrugebis Tavadebma da aznaurebma imereTis
rom maT mosaxleobas winaswari ganzraxviT, mmarTvelis saxelze aseTi Sinaarsis Txovna
arasworad ganumartes saeklesio reformis Seadgines: aSkaraa, rom Cveni saeklesio rigi,
arsi. feofilaqt rusanovi arafers ambobs mravali saukunis manZilze sisxliT daculi,
imis Sesaxeb, rom saeklesio reforma daiwyo mefeTagan Cveni damsaxurebisaTvis boZebuli,
moumzadeblad, qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi- nayidi da memkvidreobiT miRebuli glexebi,
sa da mRvdlebis azris gauTvaliswineblad, moZravi da uZravi qoneba, Cveni Raribuli
imis imedad, rom saeklesio xelisufleba SeZlebisamebr qristes dabadebidan dRemde
saero xelisuflebis daxmarebiT winaaRmde- Semkuli xatebi da jvrebi xelidan gamogve-
gobis SemTxvevaSic reformas mainc miiyvanda cleba. ramdenime eklesia gauqmdeba da mra-
bolomde. ufro metic, saqarTvelos egzar- vali moxuci da axalgazrda, kaci da qali,
qosma qarTveli samRvdeloebisaTvis miuRe- moklebuli iqneba RvTis didebisa da locvis
beli sinodis dadgenileba, TviTneburad SesaZleblobas. aseve wagvgvrian Cven mier aR-
kidev ufro daamZima. sinodis dadgenilebiT zrdil mRvdlebs, romlebic Cveni janmrT-
unda aReweraT saeklesio mamulebi, mRvdelm- elobisa da sulebis gadarCenisaTvis locvebs
Tavrebis, monastrebis, samrevlo eklesiebis, aRavlenen, rasac kidev ufro didi ubedureba
saeklesio aznaurebisa da saeklesio glexebis mohyveba. Statebis SemoReba im mizniT aris
qoneba. feofilaqt rusanovma ki imereTis, dadgenili, rom yvela zemoxsenebuli xe-
guriisa da samegrelos Tavadebisa da aznau- lidan gamogvacalon. 1819 wlis 29 ivnissave
rebis mamulebis aRweris gankargulebac gas- imereTidan werili gaigzavna raWaSi, werili
ca. am gadawyvetilebaSi seriozuli safrTxe asea dasaTaurebuli: `Sorapnisa da quTaisis
dainaxa ermolovma, Tumca saqarTvelos eg- okrugebis Tavadebis, aznaurebisa da mdabio
zarqosis nebas win ver aRudga. feofilaqt xalxis werili polk. Tavad giorgi wulukiZes
rusanovis gadawyvetilebam gamoiwvia is, rom da sxva wulukiZeebs, Tavadebs iaSvilebs, ja-
saeklesio reformis winaaRmdeg gaerTiand- fariZeebs da yifianebs da raWis okrugis yvela
nen mRvdelmTavrebi, samrevlo eklesiebis keTilSobils“. werili nawilobriv emTxveva
RvTismsaxurni (mRvdlebi, diakvnebi), monas- imereTis mmarTvelisadmi gagzavnil Txovnas,
trebis winamZRvrebi, saeklesio aznaurebi, Tumca aris gansxvavebac. masSi vkiTxulobT:
saeklesio glexebi, Tavadebi da aznaurebi. ìmereTSi maRal usamRvdeloesi feofilaqts
swored es iyo imis mizezi, rom mRelvareba CamosvlisTanave Cven yvela, didian patari-
swrafad gavrcelda mTel imereTSi da Sem- anad, Sorapnisa da quTaisis okrugebis Ta-
deg swrafadve gadaizarda ajanyebaSi. Ta- vadebi, aznaurebi da mdabio xalxi did mwux-
vadebisa da aznaurebis aqtiurobis Sedegad arebaSi CavvardiT; qristes naTlobasa da
saeklesio reformis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli jvarcmaze myarad dafuZvnebuli Cveni rwmena
moZraoba saxalxo moZraobad iqca. qarTveli xelyves, amaze ufro umZimess saqmeebsac vxe-
samRvdeloeba, saeklesio reformis sawyis davT mis (feofilaqt rusanovis _ v.g.) mier
etapze mainc, ver mimarTavda iseT radi- qarTlSi mowyobils; upirveles yovlisa, bev-
363
ri wminda eklesia daingreva da patiosani da gaegzavna da zurab wereTlisaTvis moxelee-

xotbaSesxmuli xatebi da jvrebi CamogverT- bis cixidan ganTavisufleba eTxova. feo-
meva; Cven mier aRzrdil, CvenTvis mlocvel filaqt rusanovis mier raWis olqSi gagza-
mRvdlebs wagvarTmeven da Cven moklebuli vnilma moxeleebmac ver SeZles aRweris Cat-
viqnebiT SesaZleblobas, rogorc qristes areba da quTaisSi dabrundnen.
didebisa, ise misTvis xorcielad msaxurebisa; marTalia, aRwera CaiSala, magram imere-
sruliad mogvakldeba Cveni mRvdelmTavrebis Tis Tavadebi da aznaurebi ar cxrebodnen.
kurTxeva; Tu xeluxlebelia ebraelebis rwme- Sorapnis okrugis warCinebulebma kvlav daiw-
na, aseve somxebisa da kaTolikebisa, Cven ra- yes Tavmoyra, maT quTaisis okrugis Tavadebi
tom unda viyoT gamonaklisi? Tuki im dros, da aznaurebic SeuerTdnen, sul daaxloe-
rodesac Cvenze agarianni batonobdnen, Cvens biT daaxloebiT 2.000 kaci Seikriba. Sekre-
mtkice rwmenas ar exebodnen da aseT mwuxare-
bas ar gvivlendnen, axla ra davaSaveT, rom
unda wagvarTvaT Cveni mRvdelmTavrebi, vi-
sac miCveuli varT, eklesiebi da mRvdlebi
(...); 1819 welia, rac Cven gvaqvs qristianuli
wesi da rigi. dae, ar dairRves igi da Cven
viqnebiT uerTgulesi Cveni xelmwife-imper-
atoris jarebisa, rogorc varT xorcielad
monobaSi sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde. magram
sulis Sewirva ar SeiZleba arc xelmwifisaT-
vis da arc mcireTaTvis, vinaidan igi mxolod
RmerTs ekuTvnis~.
1819 wlis 8 ivliss imereTis mmarTveli
ivan kurnatovski saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
nawilis mmarTvel ivan veliaminovs atyo-
binebda, rom quTaisis okrugSi aRweram Se-
darebiT mSvidobianad Caiara, vakis okrugSi
ki Tavadebma da aznaurebma aRweras winaaR-
mdegoba gauwies. vakis okrugis ufrosis re-
zidenciaSi Sekrebilma Tavadebma da aznau-
rebma: levan wulukiZem, daviT lorTqifaniZem,
jambul, qaixosro, zurab miqelaZeebma da sx-
vebma okrugis ufross ganucxades, rom Tavi-
anT mamulebSi aRweris uflebas aravis mis-
cemdnen, xolo Tu aRweras Zalis gamoyenebiT wm. efTvimi genaTelis xati
Caatarebdnen, amas cudi Sedegebi mohyveboda.
okrugis ufrosma Tavadebisa da aznaurebis
dapatimreba ver SeZlo, radgan sakmao raode- bilebi soflebSi dadiodnen da glexobasac
nobis jari Tan ar hyavda. uxmobdnen. Sorapnisa da quTaisis okrugebis
feofilaqt rusanovis moxeleebi quTai- ufrosebma veraferi gaawyves: mRelvareba
sidan Sorapnis mazraSi Cavidnen Tu ara, lom- sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeboda da ar iyo
sianTxevis,, Cxerisa da samamukaSvilos Tavade-
sianTxevis gamoricxuli, rom male ajanyebaSi gadaz-
bi da aznaurebi Sorapnis okrugis ufrosTan rdiliyo. imereTis mmarTvelma ivan kurna-
Seikribnen da aRweresTan dakavSirebiT Ta- tovskim SekrebilebTan Sexvedra gadawyvita.
vianTi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb Sexvedra Sorapnis okrugis teritoriaze,
moaxsenes. ergzarqosis moxeleebi saCxereSi ruseTis jaris yvirilis saguSagoze (mdin-
Cavidnen, raTa Tavad zurab wereTlis mamu- are yvirilis napirze) Sedga. kurnatovskim
li aReweraT. zurab wereTelma mosaxleobis Sekrebilebs acnoba, egzarqosma feofilaqt
mRelvareba moimizeza da rusi moxeleebi mo- rusanovma aRweris Sewyveta da TbilisSi da-
dinaxes cixeSi gamoketa. kurnatovski iZule- brunebis gadawyvetileba miiRoo. amis Semdeg
buli gaxda saCxereSi Tavadi beJan wereTeli imereTis mmarTvelma Tavadebsa da aznaurebs
364
vaxtang guruli
daSlisaken mouwoda. Sekrebilebma kurnato- da bejiTni, vidre warmatebul samxedro moq-

vskis upasuxes, rom manam ar daiSlebodnen, medebebs ar daviwyebT da maT Cvengan ganTavi-
vidre moxeleebis mier Sedgenil siebs ar mi- suflebis imedi gavuqrobT“. veliaminovi ja-
iRebdnen da feofilaqt rusanovi imereTs ar ris gamoyenebis winaaRmdegi iyo. 1819 wlis 11
datovebda. lomsianTxevelma aznaurma beJan ivliss man kurnatovskis imereTis mosaxleo-
CxeiZem kurnatovskis ganucxada: `sanam Cveni baSi gasavrcelebeli proklamacia (mowodeba)
saqme ar gadawydeba arc fostisaTvis, arc gaugzavna da Tanac gaafrTxila, rom jaris
vaWrebisaTvis saqarTveloSi mimavali gza ar gamoyenebisagan Tavi Seekavebina. ivan veliami-
iqneba“. kurnatovskim Tavadebsa da aznaurebs novis azriT, jari mxolod maSin unda gamoey-
mosTxova, rom misTvis werilobiT ecnobebi- enebinaT, Tu mosaxleoba Tavad daiwyebda sa-
naT, Tu konkretulad ras iTxovdnen, razec brZolo moqmedebebs. am SemTxvevaSi ajanyeba
Tanxmoba miiRo. kurnatovskisTan Sexvedris mTeli sisastikiT unda CaexSoT da ajanyeb-
Semdeg Sekrebilebi soflebSi dadiodnen da ulebi, rogorc moRalateebi, ise daesajaT.
mosaxleobas fics adebinebdnen, rom daw- imavdroulad, veliaminovma saqarTvelos eg-
yebul saqmes ar uRalatebdnen da bolomde zarqoss acnoba, rom daRestanSi mimdinare
erTsulovnad imoqmedebdnen. brZolebis gamo imereTSi damatebiTi jaris
quTaisisa da Sorapnis okrugebis Ta- gadasrola SeuZlebeli iyo. veliaminovi feo-
vadebisa da aznaurebis erTsulovanma da filaqt rusanovs sTxovda xelsayrel dromde
gabedulma moqmedebam imereTis mmarTveli saeklesio reformis ganxorcieleba Seewyvita
ivan kurnatovski Zalze daafiqra. misi az- da saswrafod dabrunebuliyo TbilisSi. ve-
riT, gamoricxuli ar iyo, rom male sapro- liaminovis werilis miRebamde, 1819 wlis 9
testo moZraoba samegrelosa da guriis sam- ivliss, feofilaqt rusanovma ruseTis jaris
TavroebSic gavrceldeboda. kurnatovski razmis TanxlebiT quTaisi datova da Tbili-
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvel sisaken gaemgzavra. saqarTvelos egzarqosma
ivan veliaminovs werda: `mTavrebis (guriisa 1819 wlis 13 ivliss veliaminovs gzidan ac-
da samegrelos mTavrebis _ v.g.) Cven mimarT noba, rom misi werili maSin miiRo, rodesac
erTguleba saeWvoa, xolo maTi Zala saerTo suramidan gorSi miemgzavreboda. egzrqosi
saxalxo azris winaaRmdeg _ umniSvnelo“. adasturebda, rom imereTSi jaris gagzavna
kurnatovski veliaminovs urCevda, rom imer- saWiro ar iyo. feofilaqt rusanovi werda:
eTSi jaris raodenoba gaezarda. imereTis Cemi imereTidan wamosvlis Semdeg is brboebi,
mmarTveli saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis romelTac imereTis umaRlesi samRvdeloeba
mmarTvels moaxsenebda, TiTqos imereTis Ta- Tavis iaraRad iyenebda, daiSalneno.
vadebi da aznaurebi mosaxleobis sayovel- imereTSi dawyebuli mRelvarebis dros
Tao aRSfoTebis gamowvevis mizniT cru xmebs kavkasiis mTavarsardali aleqsei ermolovi
avrcelebdnen, `TiTqos eklesiebis, xatebisa Crdilo kavkasiaSi, daRestanSi, mimdinare br-
da mRvdlebis warTmevaze SestkivaT guli Zolebs xelmZRvanelobda. mogvianebiT, roca
borotganmzraxvelebs, romlebic bnel xalx- igi mcire xniT TbilisSi dabrunda, kavkasiis
Si avrceleben xmebs, viTom Cven maTi rwmenis korpusis me-20 diviziis meTaurisa da saqa-
Secvla gvsurs da male rekruts (ruseTis rTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelis,
jarSi ocdaxuTwliani vadiT gawvevas _ v.g.) general-leitenant ivan veliaminovisgan (ve-
moviTxovT“. kurnatovskis moxsenebidan kar- liaminov I-gan) dawvrilebiTi informacia
gad Cans, rom ara marto saqarTvelos egzar- miiRo imereTSi mimdinare ambebis Sesaxeb.
qosi arqiepiskoposi feofilaqt rusanovi,
rusanovi, ar- cxadia, ermolovi Tvlida, rom misi yofna
amed imereTis mmarTveli ivan kurnatovskic daRestanSi ufro aucilebeli iyo, vidre
ver erkveoda dawyebuli mRelvarebis mizeze- imereTSi. amitom iyo, rom man veliaminovs
bSi. mRelvarebis mizezad kurnatovski gauaz- saWiro miTiTebebi misca da Crdilo kavkasia-
rebel saeklesio reformas ki ar miiCnevda, Si dabrunda. ermolovis Tbilisidan gamgza-
aramed Tavadebisa da aznaurebis miswrafebas vrebis Semdeg imereTSi viTareba kidev ufro
xelidan ar gaeSvaT xelsayreli momenti da ru- daiZaba. 1819 wlis 11 ivliss kavkasiis mTa-
seTis jari ganedevnaT imereTidan. imereTis varsardalma miiRo veliaminovis moxseneba
mmarTvelis daskvna kategoriuli iyo: àqauri imereTSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb.
mcxovreblebi iqamde ar gaxdebian erTgulni male ermolovma ivan veliaminovis meore mox-
365
seneba miiRo, romelsac Tan erTvoda imer- ras realurs xdida is, rom zurab wereTeli
eTSi gagzavnili general-maior vasili siso- levan dadianis simamri da mamia gurielis
evis ori pataki. miRebuli dokumentaciebis biZa iyo. kurnatovskis sxva cnobac hqonda.
gacnobis Semdeg ermolovma daaskvna, rom am cnobis mixedviT, mefed solomon I-is qa-
imereTSi dawyebuli mRelvareba samRvdeloe- liSvilis, darejanis, vaJis ioane (ivane) aba-
bis gamowveuli iyo. kavkasiis mTavarsardali SiZis arCevas apirebdnen. kurnatovski werda:
werda, rom samRvdeloeba `mieCvia imas, rom general-maiori Tavadi zurab wereTeli, misi
xalxSi,miuxedavad Tavisi umecrebisa, usazRv- vaJi grigoli, polkovniki Tavadi sexnia wul-
ro pativiscemiT sargeblobda, rasac uSrome- ukiZe, Tumca gamosvlebSi ar monawileobdnen,
lad miaRwia, vinaidan samRvdeloebis umecre- umetesad quTaisSi imyofebodnen, magram maT
ba xalxis umecrebaze mcirea, samRvdeloebas gareSe imereTSi araferi xdebao. saekle-
daqvemdebareba esmis rogorc pativiscemaze
uflebis mospoba. RvTismsaxuri Semosavlebis
dakargvas mtkivneulad ganicdis, ar xarjavs
Sromas da asrulebs ra uadviles movaleo-
bebs, xolo am movaleobebis Sesrulebas mi-
iCnevs udides gmirobad da fiqrobs moipo-
vos didi anazRaurebis ufleba `. am SemTx-
vevaSi kavkasiis mTavarsardali azrovnebda,
rogorc tipuri dampyrobeli, romelic Tv-
lida, rom saqarTvelos dapatronebis Semdeg
yvelaferi tradiciuli unda moespoT, xolo
axali wesrigi dampyrobels unda ganesazRvra.
marTalia, veliaminovi ermolovs arwmunebda,
imereTidan egzrqosis gamgzavrebis Semdeg
Sekrebili brboebi daiSala da yvelaferi
Cacxrao, magram ermolovi alRoTi grZnobda,
rom amgvari cnobebis ndoba ar SeiZleboda.
marTlac, Sin dabrunebamde mRelvarebis
monawileebma daifices, rom pirvelsave daZa-
xilze kvlav Seikribebodnen da, Tu sWiro
gaxdeboda, ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi er-
Tad daixocebodnen.
aleqsei ermolovi marTali aRmoCnda.
imereTis Tavadebma da aznaurebma mxolod
glexebi gauSves Sin, Tavad ki Sorapnisa da
quTaisis okrugebidan vakis okrugSi gaemg- feofilaqt rusanovi
zavrnen iqauri mosaxleobis dasaficeblad.
imereTis mmarTveli ivan kurnatovski dar- sio reformis sawinaaRmdego gamosvlebSi
wmunebuli iyo, rom guriisa da samegrelos mitropolitebis dosiTeoz quTaTelisa da
mTavrebi imereTis Tavadebsa da aznaurebs efvTimi genaTelis monawileobis Sesaxeb kur-
TanaugrZnobdnen da daexmarebodnen. mar- natovskis cnoba ar hqonia, magram mainc aseT
Talia, mamia gurieli da levan dadiani amas daskvnas akeTebda: `mitropolitebi, Tumca
uaryofdnen, magram imereTis Tavadebisa TavianT monastrebSi imyofebian, magram eWvis
da aznaurebis Tavdajerebuloba kurnato- gareSea, rom imerlebs kurTxevas aZleven mam-
vskis afiqrebinebda, rom guriisa da same- ulis ganTavisuflebisaTvis gmirobaze, ro-
grelos mTavrebis rusebisadmi erTguleba gorc isini xelmwife imperatoris winaaRmdeg
moCvenebiTi iyo. kurnatovskis cnobis Tanax- wamowyebul bunts uwodeben“. kurnatovskis
mad, imereTis okrugebis warCinebulebs ukve azriT, ajanyebis aqtiuri monawileebi iyvnen:
gadawyvetili hqondaT mefobis aRdgena. zo- Tavadi nikoloz finezis Ze abaSiZe;
abaSiZe; aznaurebi
gierTi cnobiT, mefed Tavad zurab wereT- Sorapnis okrugidan: firan guncaZe,
guncaZe, grigol
lis arCevas apirebdnen, romlis kandidatu- CxeiZe, xaxuta kiknaZe, levan maWavariani;
maWavariani; azn-
366
vaxtang guruli
auri quTaisis okrugidan levan koWiWaSvili. tiebinaT is, rom ori weli imereTSi cxovrob-
1819 wlis ivlisis Sua ricxvebSi imer- da da ver Seiswavla Tavadebis, aznaurebisa da
eTsa da raWaSi meamboxeebma daSla daiwyes, saerTod, mosaxleobis xasiaTi. kurnatovski
Tumca daSlamde fici dades, rom saWiroebis valdebuli iyo winaswar scodnoda, Tu ra mo-
SemTxvevaSi Seikribebodnen da rusebis wi- hyveboda saeklesio reformas. ermolovi mi-
naaaRmdeg ibrZolebdnen. 1819 wlis 18 ivliss iCnevda, rom kurnatovskis, rogorc imereTis
general-maiori vasili sisoevi saqarTvelos umaRles xelisufals, feofilaqt rusanovi
samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvel ivan veliami- unda gaefrTxilebina, rom aRwera mxolod
novs moaxsenebda, rom amboxebulebis daSlis saeklesio mamulebSi Catarebuliyo da igi
mizniT mas imereTSi arcerTi jariskaci ar Tavadebisa da aznaurebis mamulebs ar Sexebo-
Seuyvania. cxadia, generali xalxis gaRiziane- da. kavkasiis mTavarsardlis azriT, mxolod
bas erideboda, Torem kargad grZnobda, rom saeklesio mamulebis aRwera mRelvarebas ar
mRelvareba imereTSi ase advilad ar Cacxre- gamoiwvevda, mRelvareba Tavadebisa da aznau-
boda. general sisoevs quTaTeli da genaTe- rebis mamulebis aRweras mohyva. mRelvarebis
li mitropolitebi ewvivnen sasuliero pirTa gaZlierebis mizezad ermolovi imas miiCnevda,
TanxlebiT. mitropolitebma generals pirda- rom saqarTvelos egzarqosma droulad ar
pir ganucxades: mRelvareba imereTSi saqarT- datova imereTi da sabolood ise gamoCnda,
velos egzarqosis mier ucxo wesebis Semota- rom feofilaqt rusanovi SeSinda da xalxis
nis ganzraxvam gamoiwvia; arc samRvdeloebam risxvas gaeqca, aman ki xalxis aRfrTovaneba
da arc saerTod mosaxleobam araferi uwyoda da protestis gaZliereba gamoiwvia.
saeklesio reformis arsis Sesaxeb, ganmarte- 2. xelisuflebis RonisZiebani mRelva-
buli ar yofila, Tu ra sargeblobas moutan- rebis CasaxSobad. kavkasiis mTavarsardalma
da maT reforma; sabolood ki gairkva, rom moiwona ivan veliaminovis gadawyvetileba
reformis Sedegebi Zalze mZime iqneboda sam- imereTSi donis kazakTa da xersonis grenader-
RvdeloebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT _ mRvdelm- Ta polkebis TiTo batalionis gagzavnis Tao-
Tavrebze dakisrebuli fuladi pasuxismge- baze. amasTan erTad, ermolovis brZanebiT,
bloba, radgan imereTSi egzarqosis mier dad- yirimidan gemebiT saqarTvelosaken daiZrnen
genili saeklesio gadasaxadis akrefa yovlad egerTa 43-e da 45-e polkebi. imereTSi gan-
SeuZlebeli iyo. mRvdelmTavrebma sisoevs lagebuli jari unda gaZlierebuliyo Tbili-
acnobes, rom feofilaqt rusanovis imereTi- sidan gagzavnili saartilerio nawiliT. ka-
dan gamgzavrebis Semdeg mRelvareba Cacxra. vkasiis mTavarsardali veliaminovs avalebda
igive daadastura sisoevTan Sexvedraze mi- samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebisaTvis jaris
sulma TxuTmetamde imerelma Tavadma. am (saxalxo laSqris) Sekreba ebrZanebina. Tavda-
ukanasknelT generals sTxoves eSuamdgomla pirvelad samegrelosa da guriis laSqars
xelisuflebis winaSe, raTa momxdaris gamo redut-kaledan sofel marnamde jarisaTvis
aravin dasjiliyo. Tavadebma pasuxismgeblo- saWiro proviantis gadazidva unda uzrunve-
ba ikisres, rom simSvide aRar dairRveoda. leyo.
vasili sisoevi Suamdgomlobas dasTanxmda. 1819 wlis 19 ivliss general-maiorma
vasili sisoevma imereTSi ganlagebuli jar-
ebis meTaur general-maior ivan kurnatovskis
ubrZana, Tu sabolood mRelvareba mSvidobi-
§2. mRelvarebis mizezebSi garkvevis mcdeloba ani RonisZiebebis Sedegad ar Cacxreboda da
da mis CasaxSobad gatarebuli RonisZiebani ajanyebaSi gadaizrdeboda, igi jaris gamoy-
enebiT CaexSoT. imereTSi ganlagebuli jar-
1. aleqsei ermolovi mRelvarebis mize-
ebis saerTo xelmZRvanelobas sisoevi Tavis
zebis Sesaxeb.
Sesaxeb. marTalia, imereTSi dawyebul
Tavze iRebda. marTalia, saeklesio refor-
mRelvareba Cacxra, magram kavkasiis mTa-
miT ukmayofilo xalxma daSla daiwyo, magram
varsardali aleqsei ermolovi grZnobda,
imereTis mmarTveli kurnatovski irwmunebo-
rom yvelaferi es droebiTi iyo. ermolovi
da, rom imerlebi drois mogebas cdilobdnen,
aanalizebda momxdars da cdilobda amoecno,
raTa Semdeg moulodnelad Tavs dasxmodnen
rogor ganviTardeboda movlenebi. kavkasiis
ruseTis jars. 1819 wlis 19 ivliss quTaisSi
mTavarsardlis azriT, ar SeiZleboda imere-
Casul general sisoevs qalaqSi simSvide dax-
Tis mmarTvelis, ivan kurnatovskisaTvis epa-
367
vda, Tumca amas igi ar dauwynarebia. sisoevis xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobs. TiTqos,

quTaisSi Casvlidan meore dRes, 20 ivliss, ruseTis xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis
dosiTeoz quTaTelma da efTvimi genaTelma winaSe ivane abaSiZes xatze dauficebia, rom
weriliT mimarTes imereTis Tavadebsa da azn- xalxis amboxebas mitropoliti dosiTeoz
aurebs da isini mdinare wyalwiTelasTan gen- wereTeli da Tavadi grigol wereTeli xel-
eral-maior vasili sisoevTan Sexvedraze mi- ZmRvanelobdnen. sabolood ficis dasadebad
iwvies. werilSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom generali quTaisis okrugis mosaxleoba mainc Seikri-
imperatoris saxeliT imereTis mosaxleobas ba. ficis teqsti Tavad xalxis mier iyo Se-
Sewyalebas gamoucxadebda, xolo momxdari- muSavebuli. ficis dadebis Semdeg xalxi mS-
saTvis aravis dasjidnen. 1819 wlis 20 ivliss vidobianad daiSala. sisoevma ver daadgina,
efTvimi genaTelma werili gaugzavna sisoevs. Sekrebilebi Sin dabrundnen, Tu sxva adgilze
sapasuxo werilSi generalma mitropolits gadainacvles. SeSinebuli generali veliami-
mosTxova, rom piradad mas da mis mrevls ru- novs sTxovda, suramidan saswrafod moliTis
seTis imperatoris erTguleba daedasture- saguSagosaken gaegzavna xersonis grenaderTa
binaT. amis sapasuxod efTvimi genaTelma polkis erTi batalioni da donis kazakTa
sisoevs acnoba, rom igi mudam ruseTis im- polki ori zarbazniT, radgan mRelvarebis
peratoris erTguli iyo, xolo rac Seexebo- monawileebi ZiriTadad zemo imereTSi ikri-
da mrevls, mis saqcielze pasuxs ver agebda, bebodnen da Tavadac moliTis saguSagosaken
radgan mRvdelmTavari mrevlis mxolod su- gaemarTa.
lier cxovrebas ganagebda. sisoevis moTxov- saeklesio reformiT ukmayofilo mo-
nam, imereTis samRvdeloebas, Tavadebs, azn- saxleobis mier ruseTis imperatoris erT-
aurebsa da saerTod, mosaxleobas, ruseTis gulebaze xelaxla dasadebi ficis teqsti
imperatorisadmi micemuli fici ganeaxlebi- gansxvavdeba xelisuflebis mier SeTavaze-
na, Zalze uxerxuli mdgomareoba Seqmna. buli ficis teqstisagan. mosaxleobis Sedge-
generali sisoevi ukan daxevas ar apir- nili ficis pirvel teqstSi aRniSnuli iyo,
ebda, man ermolovs gadaugzavna aslebi im rom yoveli calkeuli pirovneba inaniebda Ca-
masalisa, romelic mas Tavis droze saqarT- denil saqciels da fics debda, rom ruseTis
velos egzarqosma gadasca. am masalebSi iyo imperatorisa da misi memkvidris erTguli
sia im Tavadebisa, romlebic ruseTis im- iqneboda. 1819 wlis 26 ivliss mosaxleobam
peratorisadmi erTgulebiT gamoirCeodnen. ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze dasa-
erTgulTa Soris ixsenieboda Tavadi zurab debi ficis meore teqsti SeimuSava. ficis
wereTeli.. imereTis mmarTveli kurnatovski
wereTeli es teqsti konkretuli piris mier Cadenil
ar eTanxmeboda feofilaqt rusanovs da Tv- saqciels ar exeboda da fici Sekrebis monawi-
lida, rom zurab wereTeli rusebis sawinaaR- leTa saxeliT ideboda. masSi aRniSnuli iyo:
mdego gamosvlisagan mxolod dromde ikaveb- mosaxleoba mxolod imisTvis Seikriba, rom
da Tavs da sinamdvileSi sxva Tavadebis ms- saqarTvelos egzarqosis mier dawyebuli re-
gavsad, saeklesio reformis mowinaaRmdegeebs formis Taobaze imereTis mmarTvelisaTvis
uWerda mxars. kurnatovskis am gancxadebam miemarTa. Sekrebilebs ruseTis imperatoris
damatebiTi sababi misca sisoevs, raTa imere- Ralati gulSi ar gauvliaT da imperatoris
Tis samRvdeloebis, Tavadebis, aznaurebisa erTgulebaze dadebuli fici ar daurRvevi-
da mTeli mosaxleobis ruseTis imperatoris aT. 26 ivliss dadebuli ficis teqstma Zalze
erTgulebaze xelaxali daficeba moeTxova. gaaRiziana generali sisoevi. 1819 wlis 27 iv-
quTaisis okrugis mosaxleobam uari Tqva liss generalma imereTis mosaxleobas weril-
ficis xelaxla dadebaze. sisoevi iZuleb- obiT mimarTa: Sekrebilebis mier imis mtkice-
uli gaxda droebiT Tavi Seekavebina. ficis ba, rom TavianTi moqmedebiT imperatorisadmi
dadebis CaSlaSi sisoevi moTaveebad miiCnev- dadebuli fici ar daurRveviaT, maTi mxridan
da: ivane qaixosros Ze abaSiZes, nikoloz fine- aragulwrfelobisa da umadurobis gamoxat-
zis Ze abaSiZes, nikoloz amegarabis Ze abaSiZes, uleba iyo. sisoevi imereTis mosaxleobas
giorgi abaSiZes, daviT abaSiZes, daviT gabuas brals sdebda imperatorisadmi micemuli fi-
Ze abaSiZes. oficialuri rusuli masalebis cis darRvevaSi. generali mosaxleobas ase
mixedviT, am droisaTvis (1819 wlis ivlisi- mimarTavda: Tqven imperatoris mier damt-
saTvis), Tavadi ivane(ioane) abaSiZe ruseTis kicebuli wesebisadmi damorCilebis nacvlad
368
vaxtang guruli
SeuracxyaviT ruseTis kanonebi, gabedeT meam- mTavrebis mflobelobaSi darCeboda;

boxeTa jgufebis Seqmna, ajanyebis mowyoba da 4. imereTze, samegrelosa da guriaze
Tqveni erTsulovnebis da Tqveni ficiT damt- Sewerili 5.000 maneTi samegrelosa da guriis
kiceba. sisoevi imereTis mosaxleobas sruli samTavroebze ver gaiwereboda, radgan am Sem-
morCilebisaken mouwodebda. TxvevaSi dairRveoda am samTavroebis ruse-
3. aleqsei ermolovis 1819 wlis 5 agvis- Tis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis dros dadebuli
tos moxseneba ruseTis eklesiis uwmindesi piroba. amis gamo 5.000 maneTi mxolod imere-
sinodis ober-prokuror aleqsandr golicins. Tze unda gaweriliyo.
sinodis ober-prokurorisaTvis wardgenil cxadia, aleqsei ermolovmac, feofilaqt
moxsenebaSi kavkasiis mTavarsardali alqsei rusanovmac da aleqsandr golicinmac kargad
ermolovi cdilobda aexsna ra mizezebma ga- uwyodnen, rom imereTSi 5.000 maneTis fuladi
napiroba imereTSi mRelvarebis dawyeba, ro- saxiT akrefa yovlad warmoudgeneli iyo.
melic Semdeg ajanyebaSi gadaizarda. moxsene- ruseTis eklesiis uwmindesma sinodma
baSi aRniSnulia: aleqsei ermolovis moxsenebis ganxilvis
1. ruseTis imperatoris 1814 wlis 30 Semdeg miiRo dadgenileba: egzarqosis gan-
agvistos brZanebas, romelic sxva sakiTxebT- zraxvas imereTSi, samegrelosa da guriaSi
an erTad imereTSi, guriasa da samegreloSi saeklesio qonebis aRwerisa da sasuliero
saeklesio mamulebidan miRebul Semosavals nawilis mowyobis Taobaze imitom ar mohyva
exeboda, bevri dabrkoleba Sexvda. imere- warmateba, rom iqaur xalxs nawilobriv Tavi-
Tis mosaxleoba ukidures gaWirvebaSi iyo, si gaunaTleblobiT, nawilobriv angarebiani
ris gamoc saeklesio gadasaxadebis akrefa adamianebis CagonebiT, araswori warmodgena
SeuZlebeli xdeboda. rac Seexeba samegrelo- hqonda im gankargulebebis Sesaxeb, romle-
sa da guriis samTavroebs, iq saeklesio ga- bic SemoTavazebuli iyo 1818 wlis 28 dekem-
dasaxadebis akrefa am samTavroebTan ruseTis bers imperatoris mier damtkicebul sino-
imperiis qveSevrdomobis Taobaze dadebuli dis moxsenebaSi; adgilobrivi samRvdeloeba
traqtatis darRvevas gamoiwvevda, radgan umeteswilad uunaro iyo, am sakiTxze WeSma-
traqtatiT samTavros marTva mTavrebis riti da saRi azri gaevrcelebina.
uflebamosilebas Seadgenda; 1819 wlis 18 oqtombers aleqsei ermo-
2. 1818 wlis 28 dekembers imperatoris lovma aleqsandr golicins gaugzavna imere-
mier damtkicebuli sinodis moxseneba iTval- Tis sami mRvdelmTavris werili da amasTan
iswinebda, rom qarTlisa da kaxeTis eparqie- erTad, imereTSi momxdari areulobis gamo-
bidan xazinaSi 5.000 maneTi unda Sesuliyo, saZieblad komisiis Seqmnis nebarTva iTxova.
imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos eparqiebi- imperatorma miiCnia, rom sagomomZieblo
danac - 5.000 maneTi. samegrelos mTavarma komisiis Seqmna, romlis mizani damnaSaveTa
levan dadianma Tanadgoma gamoucxada saqa- dadgena da dasja unda yofiliyo, kidev ufro
rTvelos egzarqosis mier dawyebul refor- daZabavda viTarebas imereTSi. ruseTis imper-
mas, Tumca ermolovs sTxova, rom samTavros atori SiSobda, rom damsaxurebuli sasjelis
teritoriaze arsebuli saeklesio mamulebi SiSi areulobis monawileebs aiZulebda mezo-
ar gadascemoda saqarTvelo-imereTis sinod- bel saxelmwifoebSi eZebnaT daxmareba.
alur kantoras da darCeniliyo samegrelos
mTavris sakuTrebaSi. levan dadiani wer-
da, rom samTavros teritoriaze arsebuli ***
saeklesio mamulebis saqarTvelo-imereTis 1819 wlis gazafxulidan Semodgomamde,
sinidaluri kantorisaTvis gadacema arRvev- imereTSi saeklesio reformis winaaRmdeg
da im pirobas, romelic samegrelos samTav- dawyebuli mRelvareba qarTveli samRvde-
ros ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesv- loebis, Tavadebisa da aznaurebis wyalobiT,
lis dros daido; ruseTis jarTan dapirispirebasa da sisxlis-
3. 1819 wlis 17 ivniss aleqsei ermolovma RvraSi ar gadazrdila. mRelvarebis moTave-
guriisa da samegrelos mTavrebs miswera, rom ni cdilobdnen mSvidobiani gziT mieRwiaT
ar dairRveoda ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdo- saeklesio reformis SeCerebisaTvis, radgan
mobis dros dadebuli piroba da guriasa da imereTis 1810 wlis ajanyebisa da kaxeTis 1812
samegreloSi arsebuli saeklesio mamulebi wlis ajanyebis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare,
369
kargad uwyodnen, Tu ras niSnavda ajanyebis wereTels uWerda mxars, nawili _ grigol
dawyeba: rusebi ar daindobdnen aravis, arc wereTels (zurab wereTlis vaJs), nawili _
samRvdeloebas da arc mrevls. oficialuri ivane abaSiZes
abaSiZes.. umravlesoba samive kandidats
dokumentebidan dgindeba, rom reformis uaryofda da mefed aleqsandre batoniSvilis
sawinaaRmdego gamosvlis mSvidobiani xasia- mowvevas iTxovda, romelic imxanad, axalcix-
Tis miuxedavad, imereTis mmarTveli generalis safaSoSi, xerTvisis cixeSi, imyofeboda.
maiori ivan kurnatovski, imereTSi sagangebo aRsaniSnavia, rom aleqsandre batoniSvilis
misiiT mivlinebuli general-maiori vasili kandidaturas yvelaze TavgamodebiT ivane
sisoevi, da bolos, kavkasiis mTavarsarda- abaSiZe emxroboda. Tavdapirvelad aleqsan-
li aleqsei ermolovi imereTSi dawyebuli dre batoniSvilma SeTavazebaze uari ganacxa-
mRelvarebis ajanyebaSi gadazdas elod- da, radgan miiCnevda, rom ramdenime Tavadis
nen da SeZlebisdagvarad samxedro Zalasac mxardaWera sakmarisi ar iyo. male batoniSvi-
uyridnen Tavs. ajanyebis mizezi imereTis li darwmunda, rom imereTis warCinebuli Ta-
samRvdeloebas, Tavadebsa da aznaurebs sak- vadebis umravlesoba, aseve imereTis meufeebi
maoze meti hqondaT, magram zemoT xsenebuli mis gamefebas uWerdnen mxars. aleqsandre ba-
mizezis gamo ajanyebisagan Tavs ikavebdnen. toniSvili dasTanxmda da imereTis ajanyebaSi
imereTSi dawyebuli mRelvarebis Cacxrobis Cabma gadawyvita. ivan veliaminovi erT-erT
Semdeg ruseTis xelisuflebis mxridan daw- werilSi aRniSnavs, male aleqsandre batoniS-
yebulma represiebma, mRelvarebis moTaveTa vili axalcixis safaSodan imereTSi, guriasa
devnam, dapatimrebam da ruseTSi gadasaxle- da samegreloSi gadmovao. generlis SiSi us-
bam imereTSi axali mRelvareba gamoiwvia, afuZvlo gamodga, aleqsandre batoniSvilma
romelic male SeiaraRebul ajanyebaSi gada- ajanyebaSi Cabma ver SeZlo.
izarda. igive viTareba iyo guriisa da same- 2. ruseTis winaaRmdeg osmaleTis gamoy-
grelos samTavroebSi. ruseTis xelisuflebas enebis mcdeloba. ruseTis xelisuflebas se-
gonivruli da windaxeduli moqmedebiT See- riozuli SiSi hqonda, rom imereTSi, guriasa
Zlo saerTod aecilebina Tavidan SeiaraRe- da samegreloSi mimdinare mRelvarebisa da
buli ajanyeba. nacvlad amisa, xelisuflebam, ajanyebis monawileebs osmaleTidan ar mi-
guriasa da samegreloSi mivlinebulma rusma eRoT daxmareba. 1819 wlis zafxulSi xerT-
samxedroebma da moxeleebma utaqtobiT, six- visSi aleqsandre batoniSvilis gamoCenam es
istiT da mosaxleobis abuCad agdebiT cecx- SiSi gaaZliera. rogorc Cans, xelisuflebis
lze navTi daasxes, rac ajanyebis damatebiTi SeSfoTeba usafuZvlo ar iyo. 1819 wlis se-
mizezi gaxda. qtemberSi imerelma Tavadebma aznauri qaquca
kiknaZe or glexTan erTad axalcixis safaSo-
Si gagzavnes. xerTvisis aRa mehmedma imerel
Tavadebs SemouTvala, daxmarebis miRebisaT-
§3. mRelvarebis gaZliereba imereTSi vis aucilebelia axalcixis faSas weriliT
1. mefobis aRdgenis mcdeloba imereTSi. mimarToTo. amis Semdeg ivane, nikoloz da
jer kidev imereTSi dawyebuli mRelvarebis daviT abaSiZeebma moiwvies Tavadebis sab-
ajanyebaSi gadazrdamde, 1819 wlis zaf- Wo, Seadgines axalcixis faSasaTvis misarT-
xulSi, imereTis Tavadebma mefobis aRdgena mevi werili da ramdenime glexis xeliT igi
gadawyvites. 1819 wlis 14 ivliss imereTis xerTvisis aRa mehmeds gaugzavnes. werilSi
mmarTveli general-maiori ivan kurnatovski aRniSnuli iyo, rom imereTis Tavadebs mefed
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvel aleqsandre batoniSvilis mowveva hqondaT
general-leitenant ivan veliaminovs acno- gadawyvetyili. 1819 wlis 8 oqtombers xerT-
bebda, rom imerlebi mefobis aRdgenas apir- visis aRam ivane abaSiZes acnoba, rom osmale-
ebdnen. kurnatovskis cnobiT, mefobis kan- Tis sulTani imereTze xels ar aiRebda. Tu
didatebi iyvnen Tavadi zurab wereTeli da osmaleTis mxridan daxmarebamde imereTSi vi-
solomon I-is qaliSvilis, darejan batoniS- Tareba daiZabeboda, imerlebs ukan ar unda
vilis vaJi Tavadi ivane (ioane) abaSiZe. cota daexiaT da rusebis winaaRmdeg ebrZolaT. aRa
mogvianebiT rusebs daudgeniaT, rom mefis iTxovda, rom garda imereli Tavadebisa, ax-
kandidatis SerCevisas uTanxmoeba warmoSobi- alcixis faSasaTvis werili unda gaegzavnaT
la. mefobis aRdgenis momxreTa nawili zurab guriisa da samegrelos mTavrebsac, aseve
370
vaxtang guruli
quTaTel mitropolit dosiTeozs. werilebi torma misi ruseTSi gagzavna brZanao. feo-
xelmoweriTa da beWdebiT unda yofiliyo filaqt rusanovma ruseTis eklesiis sinods
dadasturebuli. ivane abaSiZem xerTvisis sTxova dosiTeoz quTaTelTan erTad ru-
aRas moTxovnis safuZvelze Sedgenili wer- seTSi efvTimi genaTelic gadaesaxlebinaT,
ilebi xerTvisSi ar gaagzavna da 1819 wlis radgan mitropolitebi naTesavebi iyvnen da
8 noembers Tavis werilTan erTad goris ok- didi gavlena hqondaT imereTis Tavadebsa
rugis ufros maior titovs gaugzavna. werda mosaxleobaze. saqarTvelos egzarqo-
ilSi ivane abaSiZe erTgulebas eficeboda sis azriT, swored dosiTeoz quTaTeli da
rusebs da Tanac maior titovs sTxovda, misi efvTimi genaTeli iyvnen ajanyebis moTavee-
saqcieli ar gaemJRavnebina. goris okrugis bi. 1820 wlis 22 ianvars ermolovi veliami-
ufross miaCnda, rom ivane abaSiZis moqmedeba novs swerda, rom aucilebeli iyo dosiTeoz
ruseTisadmi erTgulebiT ar iyo ganpirobe- quTaTelisa da efvTimi genaTelis ruseTSi
buli, Tavadi Cadenil saqciels ki ar inanieb- gadasaxleba, radgan isini ajanyebisaken arian
da, aramed eSmakobda, raTa saWiroebis SemTx- midrekilnio. kavkasiis mTavarsardali ac-
vevaSi xelisuflebasTan Tavis marTlebisaT- nobierebda, rom mitropolitebis ruseTSi
vis sabuTi hqonoda. 1819 wlis 24 noembers gadasaxlebas SesaZloa mosaxleobis mRelva-
kavkasiis mTavarsardlisadmi gagzavnil mox- reba gamoewvia, Tumca, misi azriT, zamTarSi
senebaSi ivan veliaminovi eTanxmeboda maior ajanyeba sayovelTao xasiaTs ver miiRebda da
titovis daskvnas, magram aleqsei ermolovs amdenad, saSiSi ar iyo. 1820 wlis 29 ianvars
moaxsenebda, rom man goris okrugis ufross kavkasiis mTavarsardali veliaminovs ava-
sofel vaxanSi ivane abaSiZesTan saidumlo lebda Tavad ivane abaSiZisa da misi uaxloesi
Sexvedra mainc urCia. titovi ver Sexvda ivane Tanamzraxvelebis, aseve meamboxe samRvde-
abaSiZes, radgan am ukanasknels misTvis ucno- loebis dapatimrebas.
bebia, rom imereTis mmarTvel kurnatovskis ruseTis xelisufleba cdilobda repre-
axlda guriasa da sxva adgilebSi, ris gamoc siebis dawyebamde daedgina mRelvarebis
masTan Sexvedra ver moaxerxa. rogorc kur- monawile yvela Tavadis, aznaurisa da sam-
natovskis moxsenebidan irkveva, ivane abaSiZes Rvdelo piris vinaoba. 1820 wlis 7 Tebervals
maior titovTan Sexvedra ar surda da Tvi- ivane abaSiZe sofel vaxanSi maior titovs
Ton avrcelebda xmebs, rom imereTis mmarT- Sexvda da ruseTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili
vels axlda guriaSi. imereTis mmarTveli Tavadebi da aznaurebi daasmina. dasmenilTa
aRniSnavs, rom ivane abaSiZe ramdenjerme mi- Soris iyvnen: daviT gurieli
gurieli,, qaixosro guri-
iwvia, magram Tavadi mxolod erTxel Casula eli,, gardacvlili vaxtang gurielis meuRle
eli
quTaisSi da sul 15 wuTiT Sexvedria kurna- mariami,, samegrelos mTavari levan dadiani
mariami dadiani,,
tovskis. amis Semdeg ivane abaSiZe quTaisSi levan dadianis Zma giorgi dadiani,
dadiani, beJan da-
aRar gamoCenila da arc guriaSi mogzaurobi- diani,, nikoloz finezis Ze abaSiZe,
diani abaSiZe, quTaTeli
sas xlebia imereTis mmarTvels. mitropolitis mouravi qaixosro abulaZe,abulaZe
3.. represiebi imereTSi. kavkasiis mTa- zurab wereTeli
wereTeli..
varsardali aleqsei ermolovi, rogorc ze- 1820 wlis TebervalSi aleqsei ermolov-
moT aRvniSneT, dosiTeoz quTaTelisa da ma derbentis cixe-simagridan saqarTvelos
efvTimi genaTelis dapatimrebisa da ruseTSi egzarqos feofilaqt rusanovs acnoba Ta-
gasaxlebisagan Tavs ikavebda, radgan SiSobda, visi gadawyvetileba dosiTeoz quTaTelisa
meufeebis dapatimreba xalxis aRSfoTebas da efvTimi genaTelis ruseTSi gadasaxlebis
gamoiwvevda. samagierod, Seurigebeli pozi- Taobaze. feofilaqt rusanovis azriT, mit-
cia ekava feofilaqt rusanovs. saqarTvelos ropolitebis ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Semdeg
egzarqosma miaRwia imas, rom 1819 wlis oq- quTaisis raWisa da vakis okrugebSi saekle-
tomberSi ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandr sio saqmeebis marTva nikorwmindel mTavar-
I-ma gamosca brZaneba, romlis mixedviTac episkopos sofronisaTvis
sofronisaTvis,, xolo Soropnis
dosiTeoz quTaTeli peterburgSi unda gae- olqSi _ mitropolot daviT wereTlisaTvis
gzavnaT. ruseTis eklesiis ober-prokuro- unda CaebarebinaT. saqarTvelos egzarqosi
ri aleqsandr golicini aleqsei ermolovs saWirod miiCnevda imereTidan quTaTeli mit-
ganumartavda, rom dosiTeoz quTaTeli ropolitis ZmisSvilis beJan wereTlisa da
iyo mTavari meamboxe, ris gamoc impera- arqimandrit grigolis gasaxlebas.
371
1820 wlis 12 Tebervals saqarTvelos wodebdnen. mowodebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom

samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelma ivan veliami- mitropolitebisa da maTi Tanamzraxvelebis
novma imereTis mmarTvel polkovnik ivan puz- imereTidan gadasaxleba viTomda xalxze
irevskis gaugzavna im pirTa sia, romelTa zrunviT iyo ganpirobebuli.
dapatimrebasac aucileblad miiCnevda. ve- polkovnikma ivan puzirevskim dosiTeoz
liaminovi aRniSnavda, rom Tavadi abaSiZeebi, quTaTelisa da efTvimi genaTelis dapatim-
quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebi nebi- rebis dRed 1820 wlis 4 marti airCia. am dRes
smier fasad unda SeepyroT. dasapatimrebel dasapatimrebelTa umravlesoba imereTis yo-
pirTa siaSi iyvnen: 1. solomon I-is qaliS- fil mmarTvel ivan kurnatovskisTan unda
vili, ivane abaSiZis deda darejan batoniS- Sekrebiliyo quTaisSi. dapatimreba erT-
vili,, 2. quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeozi
vili droulad moxda da SeiZleba iTqvas, didi
(wereTeli),, 3. genaTeli mitropoliti efvTi-
(wereTeli) garTulebebis gareSe Caiara, Tumca ramdenime
mi (ServaSiZe),
(ServaSiZe), 4. Sorapnis okrugis tabaki- incidenti mainc moxda. Tavadma sexnia wul-
nis monastris arqimandriti grigoli grigoli,, 5. ukiZem maior mixins esrola, magram tyvia rus
Sorapnis okrugis mRvdeli ioseb guncaZe,
guncaZe, 6. oficers ascda da jariskaci daiWra. Tavadi
dosiTeoz quTaTelis ZmisSvili Tavadi beJan daviT miqelaZe xanjliT cdilobda rusebis
wereTeli,, 7. Tavadi ivane abaSiZe,
wereTeli abaSiZe, 8. Tavadi mogeriebas, magram maleve ganaiaraRes. ofi-
nikoloz finezis Ze abaSiZe,
abaSiZe, 9. Tavadi sexnia cialur rusul dokumentebSi aRniSnulia:
wulukiZe,, 10. Tavadi daviT miqelaZe,
wulukiZe miqelaZe, 11. azn- quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeozi imdenad
auri grigol CxeiZe.
CxeiZe. dapatimreba unda momx- iyo gancvifrebuli misTvis sruliad mou-
dariyo erT dRes, erTsa da imave saaTze. lodneli dapatimrebis gamo, rom winaaRm-
1820 wlis 16 TebervlisaTvis ivan puzirevs- degobis gawevisas grZnoba dakarga. grZno-
kis dasapatimrebelTa siaSi Setanili 11 ka- ba mitropolits umizezod ar daukargavs,
cidan 6 kacis dasapatimreblad yvelaferi imereTis mmarTvelis piotr gorCakovis adiu-
mzad hqonda, eseni iyvnen: darejan batoniS- tantis, iosif dubeckis memuarebSi aRniSnu-
vili, dosiTeoz quTaTeli, efvTimi genaTeli, lia: dosiTeoz quTaTelma rusebs winaaRm-
ivane abaSiZe, sexnia wulukiZe, daviT miqelaZe.
miqelaZe. degoba gauwia, jariskacebma xiStebi ixmares
veliaminovi puzirevskis werda, rom yvelaze da mZimed daWrili, dasisxlianebuli mit-
Zneli iqneboda quTaTeli mitropolitisa da ropoliti SeboWes da ZaliT Sesves cxenze.
ivane abaSiZis Sepyroba. generali polkovniks genaTel mitropolit efvTimis winaaRmdegoba
afrTxilebda: Tu dosiTeoz quTaTelsa da ar gauwevia, mxolod gakvirveba gamoTqva imis
ivane abaSiZes cocxlad ver Seipyrobda, ma- gamo, Tu ratom mihyavdaT ZaliT. dapatimre-
Sin isini unda daexoca. veliaminovi sagange- bul mitropolitebs rusebma Tavze tomrebi
bod miuTiTebda, rom mokvlis SemTxvevaSi Camoacves, raTa isini gzaSi Semxvedr xalxs ar
quTaTeli mitropolitis cxedari arc imer- ecno. yvelaze bolos darejan batoniSvili da
eTSi da arc qarTlSi ar unda daetovebinaT. misi aTi wlis SviliSvili, ivane abaSiZis vaJi,
aTi dRis Semdeg ermolovi puzirevskis swer- daapatimres. dapatimrebulebi ivan puzirevs-
da, rom Tu quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropo- kim maior mixins gadasca, romelmac gaZliere-
litebis daxocva mouxdeboda, maTi gvamebi buli dacviT isini qarTlis gavliT mozdoki-
mozdokSi unda daekrZalaT. ivan puzirevskim saken waiyvana. dapatimrebas SemTxveviT gad-
sofel SroSaSi myof ivane abaSiZis Sesapyrob- aurCa ivane abaSiZe. imereTSi mRelvarebis
ad maiori kaSCenko gagzavna, romelsac Tan 12 Cacxrobis Semdeg dawyebuli represiebis gamo
jariskaci axlda. mRelvarebis moTaveebi miimalnen. rusebi gan-
1820 wlis 24 Tebervals aleqsei ermo- sakuTrebiT ivane abaSiZes eZebdnen, romelic
lovma proklamaciiT (mowodebiT) mimarTa ojaxsa da sxva Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad
imereTis mosaxleobas. mowodebaSi aRniSnu- Tavdapirvelad saCxerisaken gaemarTa, xolo
li iyo, rom imereTSi mimdinare mRelvarebSi Semdeg sofel SroSasa da Cxeris cixes So-
damnaSaveni dosiTeoz quTaTeli da efvTimi ris imaleboda tyeSi. male rusebma Seityves,
genaTeli iyvnen, romlebic ar cdilobdnen rom ivane abaSiZes SeuerTdnen sxva devnile-
xalxisaTvis ganemartaT saeklesio refor- bic. ivan veliaminovma general-maior maqsim
mis arsi, piriqiT, mosaxleobas ruseTis im- vlasovs ubrZana ivane abaSiZe an Seepyro, an
peratoris winaaRmdeg ajanyebisaken mou- aeZulebina imereTidan gadaxvewiliyo. gener-
372
vaxtang guruli
ali vlasovi sofel SroSisaken daiZra. ivane quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeoz

abaSiZe iZulebuli gaxda imereTi daetovebina wereTeli rusebma malulad dakrZales anan-
da guriaSi gadasuliyo, sadac man qaixosro urSi.. danarCeni dapatimrebulebi mozdokSi
urSi
gurielis kuTvnil Semoqmedis cixes Seafara Caiyvanes. darejan dedofali da misi SviliS-
Tavi. 1820 wlis 8 marts imereTis mmarTveli vili penzaSi gagzavnes, xolo mitropoliti
ivan puzirevski ivan veliaminovs moaxsenebda, efvTimi genaTeli ruseTis CrdiloeTSi,
rom dapatimrebebi mSvidad Catarda, simSvide sviris monasterSi, sadac igi gardaicvala
mxolod ivane abaSiZem daarRviao. puzirevski kidec.
Tavs imarTlebda: ivane abaSiZem gaqceva imi- imereTis axali mmarTveli general-
tom moaxerxa, rom dapatimrebis Taobaze wi- maiori piotr gorCakovi ajanyebis swrafad
naswar iyo gafrTxilebulio. CaxSobis mizniT represiebs agrZelebda.
oficialuri rusuli dokumentebis rusebisadmi arakeTilganwyobili Tavadebis
Tanaxmad, quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeozi Sepyroba advili saqme ar iyo, amitom gor-
dapatimrebidan meore dRes, 1820 wlis 5 Cakovma xerxs mimarTa. man xma gaavrcela,
marts gacivda da 8 marts, naSuadRevis 5 TiTqos zemo raWis soflebis dasasjelad
saaTze, suramidan gorSi mimavali garda- miemarTeboda. generalma Tavad wulukiZeebs
icvala. rusuli oficialuri versiis sawi- am laSqrobaSi monawileoba da ruseTis jaris
naaRmdegod unda aRiniSnos, rom dosiTeoz banakSi gamocxadeba ubrZana, sadac isini unda
quTaTeli gaciebisgan ki ar gardaicvala, SeepyraT. 1820 wlis 6 ivniss ruseTis jaris
aramed dapatimrebisas miRebuli Wrilobebisa banakSi gamocxadnen: levan, giorgi, merab da
da cemis Sedegad. tabakinis monastris wi- zurab wulukiZeebi
wulukiZeebi.. maTTan erTad iyo ram-
namZRvari arqimandriti grigoli 1822 wels denime Tavadi erisTavTa sagvareulodan da
gakeTebul CanawerSi aRniSnavs: dosiTeoz ori Zma abaSiZe
abaSiZe.. rogorc ki wulukiZeebi, eri-
quTaTeli da efvTimi genaTeli, mSier-mwy- sTavebi da abaSiZeebi ruseTis banakSi mivid-
urvalni, rusebs maTraxebis cemiT mihyavdaT. nen, maT gamoucxades, rom dapatimrebulni
suramSi mRvdelmTavrebma wyali moiTxoves, iyvnen. Tavadebma xmlebi iSiSvles da rusebs
ucnobma qalma maT wyali miarTva, efTvimi Seuties. rusebma levan wulukiZe da misi ori
genaTelma wylis dasalevad rom piri gaaRo, TanamebrZoli xiStebze wamoages, sxvebma sx-
didi sicxisagan da cemisagan piridan Sedede- vadasxva xarisxis Wrilobebi miiRes. Tavadi
buli sisxli waskda da imave wams cemisagan merab abaSiZe xanjliT eZgera piotr gorCa-
dazianebuli kbilebic Camoucvivdao. imave kovs. generlis sicocxle somexma Tarjimanma
ioseb dubeckis memuarebis mixedviT, maiorma azarovma ixsna, romelmac merab abaSiZes Tavi
mixinma quTaTeli mitropolitis sikvdilis xmliT gauCexa. mZimed daWril merab abaSiZ-
ambavi ar gaaxmaura da gamcilebel razmsac es, gorCakovis brZanebiT, umkurnales da ga-
ki daumala. razmi ise agrZelebda gzas, rom moajanmrTeles kidec. madlierebis niSnad
quTaTeli mitropoliti jariskacebs cocxa- merab abaSiZem imereTis mmarTvels ajanyebis
li egonaT. ivan veliaminovma mitropolitis Sesaxeb bevri saWiro cnoba miawoda. Tarji-
gardacvalebis ambavi saqarTvelos egzarqos mani azarovi ermolovma xmliT daajildova
feofilaqt rusanovs acnoba. Setyobinebis pa- da mudmivi pensia dauniSna. daWrili ori Ta-
suxad feofilaqt rusanovi veliaminovs swer- vadi Tbilisis cixeSi gardaicvala. imereTis
da: quTaTeli mitropolitis cxedari SeiZle- mmarTvelma represiebi gaagrZela: ramdenime
boda qristianuli wesebis dacviT pirvelsave adamiani CamoaxrCves, xolo bevri ruseTSi
eklesiaSi daekrZalaT, am eklesiis mRvdel- gadaasaxles, maT Soris, polkovniki giorgi
Tan SeTanxmebiT yovelgvari gansakuTrebuli wulukiZe. Tavad wulukiZis coli monasterSi
ceremonialis gareSe. aseTi pasuxis Semdeg gagzavnes. axalgazrda Tavadebi erisTavTa
veliaminovma maior mixins daavala: Tu mRvde- da iaSvilTa sagvareuloebidan jariskacebad
li uars ityoda mitropolitis dakrZalvis Caricxes. piotr gorCakovma raWaSic bevri
wesis aRsrulebaze, maior mixins misTvis unda adamiani gamoasalma sicocxles, gadawva so-
ganecxadebina, rom usaTuod aResrulebina flebi. rusebma mosaxleoba ganaiaraRes da
Tavisi vali da momxdaris Sesaxeb pirdapir qoneba CamoarTves.
egzarqosisaTvis moexsenebina.
373
§4. ajanyeba guriisa da samegrelos samTavroe- bam, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom imereTSi
bSi ajanyeba mzadaa da igi pirveli daZaxilisTa-
nave daiwyebao. imereTSi Tavadebma da aznau-
1. ajanyebis mimdinareoba guriaSi. 1819
rebma kvlav daiwyes glexebis Sekreba, raWis
wlis gazafxulidan imereTSi mimdinare mRel-
okrugSi daaxloebiT 500 SeiaraRebuli ada-
varebis dros guriis samTavroSi SedarebiT
miani sofel-sofel dadioda da mosaxleo-
simSvide iyo, Tumca ruseTis xelisufleba
bas aficebda, rom brZolaSi bolomde er-
eWvobda, rom mamia V gurieli imereTis Ta-
Tad darCebodnen. kurnatovskis moxsenebaSi
vadebsa da aznaurebs TanaugrZnobda. rusebi
aRniSnulia, rom imereTis meufeebi, Tavadebi
gansakuTrebuli eWviT uyurebdnen guriis
da aznaurebi TavianT samoqmedo gegmas ar am-
mTavris biZas, samTavros yofil mmarTvel
JRavnebdnen, am gegmis calkeuli detalebis
qaixosro guriels,
guriels, romelic Tavis antiru-
Sesaxeb imereTis mmarTveli ubralo xalx-
sul ganwyobilebas arc malavda. imereTidan
isagan (glexebisagan) iRebda cnobebs. kur-
devnili Tavad ivane abaSiZis meuRle guriis
natovski ukve meramdened aRniSnavda, rom
mTavris da iyo. rusebis mier devnilma Tavad-
levan dadianisa da mamia gurielis ndoba
ma icoda, rom misi SefarebisaTvis mamia guri-
ar SeiZleboda, ormag TamaSs eweoda Tavadi
els ruseTis xelisuflebasTan urTierToba
zurab wereTelic. imereTis mmarTvelis az-
daeZabeboda. amitom iyo, rom ivane abaSiZem
riT, jerjerobiT mxolod Tavad qaixosro
Tavi colisZmas ki ar Seafara, aramed colis
wereTlis ndoba SeiZleboda. ermolovma kar-
biZas _ qaixosro guriels. qaixosro Tavs
gad uwyoda, rom rusebis winaaRmdeg imereTis
imiT imarTlebda, rom imereTidan devnili
mosaxleobis ajanyeba SeeZloT mitropolit
ivane abaSiZe aWaraSi apirebda gadasvlas, ris
dosiTizeos quTaTelsa da mitropolit
gamoc man umjobesad miiCnia Tavadi TavisTan
efvTimi genaTels.
genaTels. amasTan erTad, 1820 wlis
miewvia da Semdeg ruseTis xelisuflebasTan
22 ianvars ermolovi veliaminovs avalebda,
Seerigebina. cxadia, rusebi yovelive amas ar
dauyonebliv daepatimrebina Tavadi ivane aba-
erwmunebodnen. garda amisa, gavrcelda xmebi,
SiZe. kavkasiis mTavarsardali veliaminovs
rom guriisa da samegrelos mTavrebs, mamia
swerda, rom Zalze ukmayofilo iyo imere-
gurielsa da levan dadians,
dadians, axalcixis faSas-
Tis mmarTvel general-maior ivan kurnato-
Tan hqondaT molaparakeba. saqarTvelos
vskis moqmedebiT da aucileblad miiCnevda
samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelma veliaminov-
mis gadayenebas da axali mmarTvelis daniSv-
ma imereTis mmarTvel kurnatovskis ubrZana
nas. 1820 wlis TebervalSi imereTis mmarTve-
daedgina gavrcelebuli xmebis namdviloba.
lad egerTa 44-e polkis meTauri polkovniki
kurnatovskis warmomadgenelTan Sexvedrisas
ivan puzirevski dainiSna. pirvelsave dRee-
axalcixis faSam ganacxada, rom imereTis Ta-
bSi veliamonovma imereTis axal mmarTvels
vadebi, samegrelosa da guriis mTavrebi os-
daavala Semoqmedis cixeSi myofi ivane aba-
maleTis mTavrobas mfarvelobas da iaraRiT
SiZis Sepyroba. veliaminovi aRniSnavda, rom
daxmarebas sTxovdnen, xolo rusebTan brZo-
umjobesi iqneboda qaixosro guriels Tavisi
laSi damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi _ osmaleTis
nebiT gadaeca ivane abaSiZe ruseTis xelisu-
teritoriaze cxovrebis uflebas. axalcixis
flebisaTvis. puzirevskim qaixosro guriels
faSam kurnatovskis warmomadgenlebs isic
acnoba, rom Tu igi ivane abaSiZes rusebs ne-
ganucxada, rom imereli Tavadebis, mamia gu-
bayoflobiT gadascemda, mas yvela danaSauls
rielisa da levan dadianis Txovnis Sesaxeb
apatiebdnen da sasjelad mxolod ruseTSi
man sulTans acnoba, xolo sulTnisagan ne-
gadasaxlebas dauwesebdnen.
barTvis miRebamde, osmaleTSi arsebuli we-
qaixosro gurielis mier ivane abaSiZis
sis Tanaxmad, igi valdebuli iyo mTxovnel-
Sefarebam, cxadia, eWvis qveS daayena guriis
TaTvis daxmareba aRmoeCina. axalcixis faSas
mTavris ruseTisadmi erTguleba. miuxedavad
imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos saqmeebSi Ca-
amisa, aleqsei ermolovi cdilobda mamia gu-
reva ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis saSiSi iyo.
rieli biZis, qaixosro gurielis winaaRmdeg
xelisufleba yvelafers akeTebda imisaTvis,
gamoeyenebina. 1820 wlis 12 aprils kavkasiis
rom es Careva gamoericxa.
mTavarsardali mamia guriels swerda, rom
kavkasiis mTavarsardali aleqsei er-
qaixosro gurielis moqmedebam misi avto-
molovi Zalze SeaSfoTa imereTis mmarTvel
riteti ver Searyia da ruseTis xelisufleba
ivan kurnatovskis 1820 17 ianvris moxsene-
374
vaxtang guruli
kvlavac ndobas ucxadebda guriis mTavars. Seityo, ioTam bolqvaZe da kidev ori guruli
amasTan erTad, ermolovi aRniSnavda, rom sofel SemoqmedSi mosaxleobis gasafrTx-
ver dauSvebda mamia gurielisaTvis xelisu- ileblad gagzavna. wargzavnilebi polkovnik
flebis gayofas. cxadia, ermolovi qaixosro puzirevskis maSin Sexvdnen, rodesac is Semo-
guriels gulisxmobda, romelic mamia guri- qmedis cixidan ukan brundeboda. ivan puz-
els ar emorCileboda, rasac biZasa da ZmisS- irevskis gurulebisaTvis ase miumarTavs:
vils Soris urTierTobis daZabva mohyva. sad aris ZaRliSvili qaixosro? imavdrou-
1820 wlis 6 aprils saqarTvelos samoqa- lad, polkovniks ioTam bolqvaZisaTvis ma-
laqo nawilis mmarTvelma ivan veliamonovma Traxic gadaurtyams. Seuracxyofil ioTam
qaixosro guriels mosTxova dauyonebliv Ca- bolqvaZes Tofi usvria da sasikvdilod
suliyo quTaisSi da roca am ukanasknelisagan dauWria ivan puzirevski. ferdSi daWrili
uari miiRo, polkovnik ivan puzirevskis ubr- puzirevski cxenidan Camovardnila. erT-erTi
Zana guriis samTavroSi jari Seeyvana, qaixos- kazaki ioTam bolqvaZes mivardnia, magram am
ro gurieli an Seepyro an guriidan ganedevna. ukanasknels misTvis xmliT Wriloba miuy-
puzirevski 44-e polkis 1 aseuliT da 2 zarba- enebia, meore guruls ki xanjliT mouklavs
zniT sofel marnidan sofel Semoqmedisaken daWrili polkovniki. praporSCiki tatiSvili
daiZra. 1820 wlis 13 aprils puzirevskim da Tarjimani, vinme merabi, gurulebs tyved
egerTa aseuli da 2 zarbazani podpolkovnik auyvaniaT da Semoqmedis cixeSi wauyvaniaT.
zgorelskis meTaurobiT CoxataurSi datova sxvagvarad warmoaCenda momxdars aleqsei er-
da kazakTa mcire razmiT Semoqmedis cixisak- molovi. 1820 wlis 22 aprils imperatorisaT-
en gaemarTa, sadac im dros qaixosro gurieli vis gagzavnil moxsenebaSi igi werda: guriaSi
da ivane abaSiZe imyofebodnen. cixeSi Sesul ganlagebuli samxedro saguSagoebis daT-
polkovniks iq arcerTi ar daxvedria, cixe valierebisas polkovnikma ivan puzirevskim
saerTod daclili iyo. Semoqmedis cixidan ganizraxa qaixosro gurielis kuTvnil Semoq-
ukan gamobrunebuli puzirevski sam Seiara- medis cixis daTvaliereba. qaixosro gurieli
Rebul guruls (meore cnobiT, SeiaraRebuli cnobili iyo rusebisadmi siZulviliT, xe-
gurulebis arcTu mravalricxovan razms) lisuflebisagan devnili Tavad ivane abaSiZe
Sexvda. polkovnikma gurulebs ase mimarTa: swored amitom Seifara. qaixosros saxlSi
_ sad aris qaixosro gurieli? ratom myofma SeiaraRebulma xalxma mcirericxovani
aCerebs is TavisTan moRalate Tavad ivane aba- razmiT iq misuli ivan puzirevski Seipyres
SiZes? rusuli istoriografiis mtkicebiT am da Semoqmedis cixeSi qaixosro guriels mih-
kiTxvas samma gurulma, gasroliT upasuxa. gvares. ermolovis moxsenebis mixedviT, 1820
sasikvdilod daWrili polkovniki ivan puz- wlis 13 aprils polkovniki ivan puzirevski
irevski cxenidan Camovarda, erTi daWrili ka- Semoqmedis cixeSi mouklavT. rusuli isto-
zakic aseve Camovarda cxenidan, romelic xan- riografia amtkicebda, ioTam bolqvaZes ivan
jliT mokla erT-erTma gurulma. erTi rusi puzirevskis mokvla qaixosro gurielma daav-
oficeri kazakTan erTad gurulebma tyved alao da amis sabuTad is mohyavT, rom moklu-
aiyvanes da qaixosro guriels mihgvares. ru- lis Tofi da xmali qaixosro gurielma ioTam
suli wyarodan irkveva, rom puzirevski sa- bolqvaZes aCuqa. es versia sinamdviles ar
sikvdilod aznaurma ioTam bolqvaZem daWra, Seefereba, qaixosro gurieli Wkviani kaci iyo
romelic qaixosro guriels ivan puzirevskis da man kargad icoda, rac mohyveboda imere-
TofiTa da xmliT daujildovebia. imereTis Tis mmarTvelis mkvlelobas. es xom SesaniS-
mmarTvel polkovnik puzirevskis mkvlelo- navi sababi iqneboda guriis darbevisaTvis.
bis Sesaxeb ramdenime versia arsebobs. ioTam ivan puzirevskis nacvlad imereTis
bolqvaZis dakiTxvis oqmis dedani Semonaxuli mmarTvelad aleqsei ermolovis erT-erTi
ar aris, magram XIX saukuneSi moRvawe rusma uaxloesi Tanamoazre polkovniki piotr gor-
istorikosebma sxvadasxva wyaros Sejerebis Cakovi dainiSna.
Sedegad aseTi suraTi aRadgines: 1829 wlis Seityo Tu ara polkovnik ivan puzirevs-
13 aprils polkovniki ivan puzirevski Semo- kis mkvlelobis ambavi, CoxataurSi myofi
qmedis cixeSi Sevida. qaixosro gurieli am podpolkovniki zgorelski sofel maranSi
dros mezobel sofelSi imyofeboda. qaix- dabrunda da iq myof egerTa 44-e polkis
osrom rusTa razmis gamoCenis ambavi rom batalionTan erTad kvlav guriaSi gaemgza-
375
vra, sadac mas egerTa erTi aseuli SeuerT- elTan, erTad Semoqmedis cixeSi imyofeboda.
da. podpolkovniki zgorelski qaixosro gu- 23 ivliss ruseTis jari Semoqmedis cixisaken
rielis mier mowyobil Casafrebas waawyda, daiZra da meore dRes cixes Semoadga. qaixos-
brZolaSi ramdenime mebrZoli dakarga da ro gurieli am dros cixeSi ar imyofeboda, iq
iZulebuli gaxda ukan daexia. mxolod ajanyebulTa dasaxmareblad mosuli
1820 wlis aprilidan guriis did nawil- aWarlebi iyvnen. rusebma zarbaznebis gamoy-
Si ajanyeba daiwyo. ajanyebulTa SeiaraReb- enebiT cixis karebi Seangries. imavdroulad
ulma razmebma alyaSi moaqcies podpolkovnik maT cixis saidumlo kars miagnes da cixeSi
zgorelskis egerTa 44-e polkis batalioni, SeiWrnen. aRmoCnda, rom damcvelebs cota
romelic Semoqmedis cixisaken cdilobda xniT adre daetovebinaT cixe. rusebma iq
gaWras. brZolaSi rusebma 33 oficeri da ja- mxolod 5 kaci ipoves, romlebic xiStebze
riskaci dakarges, ris Semdegac ukan daixies aages. damsjelebma brZolaSi moklulTa sax-
da ozurgeTs Seafares Tavi. 1820 wlis 19 iT 15, xolo daWrilTa saxiT 52 kaci dakarg-
aprils ajanyebulebma gaafTrebuli brZolis es. aleqsei ermolovis brZanebis Tanaxmad,
Semdeg Coxatauri daikaves da iq gamagrebu- Semoqmedis cixe daangries, xolo maxlobeli
li rusebis didi nawili daxoces. 1820 wlis soflebi gadawves. Semoqmedis cixis aRebis da
maisis dasawyisSi ajanyebul gurulebs kidev soflebis gadawvaSi rusebs didi daxmareba
ramdenime Setakeba hqondaT ruseTis jarTan. aRmouCina Tavadma kacia nakaSiZem
nakaSiZem..
1820 wlis 2 maiss podpolkovnikma zgorel- guriis samTavroSi general-maior aleq-
skim brZolaSi daWrili rusi jariskacebi sei veliaminovis (veliaminov II-is) meTaurobiT
da dapatimrebuli ajanyebis monawile gu- ruseTis jaris Sesvlas undoblobiT Sexvda
rulebis erTi jgufi egerTa 2 aseulisa da 30 mamia V gurieli.
gurieli. ermolovis Txovnis miuxeda-
kazakis TanxlebiT Stabs-kapitan orbelianis vad, igi aleqsei veliaminovis banakSi ar ga-
meTaurobiT sofel marnidan quTaisSi gagzav- mocxadda da rusebisaTvis arc raime daxmare-
na. gzaze rusebi mravalricxovani gurulebis ba aRmouCenia. kavkasiis mTavarsardali miiC-
Casafrebas waawydnen, gaimarTa xelCarTuli nevda, rom guriis mTavris aseTi moqmedeba
brZola. Stabs-kapitanma orbelianma quTaisi- ajanyebulebs waaxalisebda. ermolovi mamia
dan damatebiTi Zala gamoiTxova. orbelianis guriels arwmunebda, rom mis mimarT ruseTis
dasaxmareblad maleve mivida rusTa razmi xelisuflebas aranairi boroti ganzraxva ar
kapitan voinovis meTaurobiT. orbelianma da hqonda da arc mis Sepyrobas apirebda. ima-
voinovma ajanyebulTa damarcxeba ver SeZles. vdroulad, kavkasiis mTavarsardali guriis
ruseTis jaris dasaxmareblad qveiTTa kidev mTavars mouwodebda Tavidan moeSorebina
2 aseuli movida da mxolod amis Semdeg Se- ruseTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili adamianebi,
Zles rusebma ajanyebulTa alyis garRveva da magaliTad, Tavadi daviT maWutaZe. miuxeda-
sofel maranSi SeRweva. rusebma brZolaSi 1 vad imisa, rom mamia gurielma rusebs aSkara
zarbazani dakarges. marTalia ajanyebulma Tanadgoma ar gamoucxada, igi iZulebuli gax-
gurulebma tyve TanamebrZolebi ver gaaTa- da ivan puzirevskis mkvleli ioTam bolqvaZe
visufles, magram ruseTis jars seriozuli Seepyro da rusebisaTvis gadaeca. ioTam
ziani miayenes, ramac kidev ufro waaxalisa bolqvaZe jariskacTa mwyobrSi gaatares da
ajanyebulebi. zumbebis cemiT mokles. maSin, rodesac ale-
1820 wlis 9 ivliss calkeuli kavkasiis qsei ermolovi mamia gurielisa da aleqsei
korpusis Stabis ufros general-maior ale- veliaminovis Sexvedras daJinebiT cdilobda,
qsei veliaminovis (veliaminov II-is) meTauro- gavrcelda xmebi, rom am Sexvedrisas aleq-
biT quTaisidan ruseTis jari sofel marnis sei veliaminovs iseve moklavdnen, rogorc
gavliT guriisaken daiZra. guriis dasarbevad mokles ivan puzirevski. SeSfoTebulma ermo-
gamoyofili jari sakmaod mravalricxovani lovma aleqsei veliaminovs saswrafod acno-
iyo. aleqsei veliaminovis daqvemdebarebaSi ba, rom mamia guriels mxolod ruseTis jaris
3.200 oficeri da jariskaci da 150 kazaki banakSi Sexvedroda.
iyo, jars SeiaraRebaze gaaCnda 7 zarbazani. general-maiori aleqsei veliaminovi
amjerad gurulebs ruseTis jarisaTvis wi- rusTa ZiriTadi ZalebiT mdinare sufsis na-
naaRmdegoba ar gauweviaT. rusebma Seityves, pirze iyo dabanakebuli. 1820 wlis agvistoSi
rom qaixosro gurieli ZmasTan, daviT guri- maiori mixini qaixosro gurielis Zmis, daviT
376
vaxtang guruli
gurielis, winaaRmdeg iqna gagzavnili. ruse-

gurielis, mrTlebinaT. am siaSi iyvnen: Tavadebi
Tavadebi:: daviT
bi gzadagza wvavdnen soflebs da brZolebiT maWutaZe, solomon erisTavi, fridon Tavd-
ikavebdnen cixeebs. damsjelebma aikles da giriZe; aznaurebi
aznaurebi:: svimon asaTiani, levan qada-
gadawves sofeli Rvedi
Rvedi.. daviT gurieli mdin- giZe, xosia gigineiSvili, kiko gigineiSvili, ga-
are sufsis marcxena napirze gadavida. ajanye- briel CxataraiSvili.
CxataraiSvili. proklamaciis gamoqvey-
bulebma ukandaxeva iwyes, Savi zRvis sana- nebis Semdeg CoxataurSi nebiT gamocxadnen an
piros miaRwies da zRviT foTSi gadavidnen, dapatimrebuli miiyvanes: lomin erisTavi, le-
sadac im droisaTvis osmaleTis garnizoni van qadagiZe, svimon asaTiani, zurab qaixosros
idga. 21 agvistos aleqsei veliaminovi mTe- Ze sexniaSvili.
sexniaSvili. lomin erisTavi ruseTis jar-
li jariT CoxataurSi gadavida da 23 agvis- Si gaigzavna, msaxurobda fineTSi da mogvi-
tos maiori mixini sofel surebSi gagzavna. anebiT guriaSi dabrunda. daviT maWutaZe xe-
24-25 agvistos rusebma surebSi bevri saxli lisuflebas Seurigda da guriaSi cxovrebis
gadawves, daarbies daviT erisTavis mamuli. ufleba miiRo.
rusebis damsjel eqspedicias didi winaaRm- guriaSi ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg, ka-
degoba gauwia guriis mTavris saxlTuxucesma vkasiis mTavarsardlis brZanebis Tanaxmad,
daviT maWutaZem.
maWutaZem. man foTidan gamoixmo da- aleqsei veliaminovma osmaleTSi gadaxvewil
viT gurieli da sofel grigoleTis dakaveba ajanyebis monawileebs mamulebi da ymebi Ca-
scada. rusebis mxareze myofma Tavadma giorgi moarTva da ruseTis xazinis sakuTrebad ga-
nakaSiZem daviT maWutaZesa da daviT guriels moacxada. es gadawyvetileba 1920 wlis 31
grigoleTis dakavebis saSualeba ar misca. dekembers oficialurad ecnoba mamia gu-
amis Semdeg daviT maWutaZe 200 ajanyebulTan riels. CamorTmeul mamulebSi xelisufle-
erTad nigozdidis cixeSi gamagrda. rusebis bam mouravebi daniSna. sagangebo brZanebiT
damsjeli eqspedicia nigozdidisaken daiZra. mouravebs ermolovma aseTi ganawesi misca:
daviT maWutaZem daviT gurielTan erTad cixe 1. mouravebi maTi sagamgeblo mamulebis
datova. rusebma cixe daangries da sofel saqmeTa gadawyvetisas unda damorCilebod-
nigozdidSi daviT maWutaZis saxlic gadawves. nen imereTis mmarTvels, romelsac SeeZlo
mosaxleoba damarcxebas Seegua da 1820 wlis Seecvala an, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daesaja
27 agvistos rusebis erTgulebaze daifica. 28 mouravebi; axal mouravebs mTavarsardali
agvistos aleqsei veliaminovi aleqsei ermo- amtkicebda;
lovs moaxsenebda, rom ajanyeba guriaSi dam- 2. mouravebi TavianT samouravoebSi
arcxebuli iyo. ajanyebis moTaveebi qaixosro unda aekrifaT gadasaxadebi adgilobrivi
gurieli, daviT gurieli, daviT erisTavi da da- Cveulebis mixedviT;
viT maWutaZe ojaxebiTurT aWaraSi gaixiznen. 3. mouravebi gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb anga-
1821 wlis 1 aprils imereTis mmarTvelma riSs abarebdnen imereTis mmarTvels;
general-maiorma piotr gorCakovma proklam- 4. yvela im sakiTxSi, rac saxazino mamul-
aciiT (mowodebiT) mimarTa guriis mosaxleo- Ta marTvas ar Seexeboda, mouravebi mTavars
bas. man ajanyebulebs mosTxova 11 aprilamde emorCilebodnen; amave dros es moxeleebi ru-
Coxatauris saguSagoze maior mixinTan ga- seTis moxeleebad iTvlebodnen;
mocxadebuliyvnen da Sewyaleba eTxovaT. 5. Tu mouravebi mTavars urCobas gauw-
proklamacias Tan erTvoda im gurulTa sia, evdnen, mas SeeZlo daesaja isini, rogorc
romlebic `samaradisod“ ganidevnen ruseTis Tavisi qveSevrdomebi, magram ara rogorc
imperiidan. am siaSi iyvnen Tavadebi: qaixosro mouravebi;
gurieli, daviT gurieli, daviT erisTavi, siko 6. mTavars ar SeeZlo saxazino mouravi-
erisTavi, maqsime erisTavi, vaxuSti gugunava, saTvis iseTi ram daevalebina, rac mouravs Ta-
giorgi maqsimeliSvili, ambako SalikaSvili, visi movaleobis SesrulebaSi xels SeuSlida;
al. TavdgiriZe
TavdgiriZe;; aznaurebi: gurgen beburiS- 7. Tu saxazino mouravi mTavrisadmi upa-
vili, etlia beburiSvili, dursun bolqvaZe, tivcemulobas an uxeSobas gamoiCenda, guri-
zurab sexniaSvili, erdiSel TayaiSvili, bu- els ruseTis xelisuflebasTan unda eCivla,
Wua Wyonia, goginika kalandariSvili, maqsime romelic mouravs dasjida.
ioraiSvili.. proklamacias aseve erTvoda
ioraiSvili aleqsei ermolovma es ganawesi mamia gu-
im gurulTa sia, romlebic unda gamocxade- riels gaugzavna da imedi gamoTqva, rom mTa-
buliyvnen maior mixinTan, raTa isini gaesa- vari saxazino mouravebis saqmianobas xels ar
377
SeuSlida. sTavma _ 7 komli, svimon erisTavma _ 7 komli.

mouravebisaTvis micemuli ganawesiT aleqsei ermolovisa da mamia gurielis Se-
ermolovma daarRvia is pirobebi, romlebic TanxmebiT Coxatauris saguSagoze ruseTis
guriis samTavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevr- jari darCa.
domobaSi Sesvlis dros ganisazRvra. mamia gu- 2. ajanyebis mimdinareoba samegreloSi.
samegreloSi.
rielma 1821 wlis 8 ianvars oficialuri pro- guriisagan gansxvavebiT, samegreloSi ajanye-
testiT mimarTa imereTis mmarTvelis mova- bas didi masStabebi ar miuRia. mTavari levan
leobis Semsrulebel general ivane afxazsafxazs.. dadiani Tavidanve cdilobda imereTSi daw-
guriis mTavarma ermolovis brZanebis gauqme- yebuli mRelvareba da Semdeg ajanyeba same-
ba da ajanyebis monawileTaTvis mamulebisa da greloSi ar gavrcelebuliyo. 1819 wlis 22
ymebis misTvis gadacema moiTxova. 1821 wlis maiss man aleqsei ermolovs acnoba, rom saqa-
10 ianvars mamia gurielma meore saprotesto rTvelos egzarqosisagan miiRo saeklesio re-
weriliT mimarTa xelisuflebas. 1822 wlis 30 formasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentebi. same-
aprils guriis mTavris saprotesto werilebs grelos mTavari winaaRmdegi ar iyo saekle-
upasuxa ivan veliaminovma. igi mamia gurielis sio reformis gatarebisa, magram aRniSnavda,
Sexedulebas ar iziarebda da Tanac guriis rom reformis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Sem-
mTavars urCevda mdgomareobas Serigeboda da cirdeboda misi saarsebo saSualebebi. levan
Tavisi urCobiT kavkasiis mTavarsardali ar V dadianis gancxadebiT, samegreloSi arse-
gaeRizianebina. mamia gurielma veliaminovis buli saeklesio mamulebi nominalurad ekuT-
rCeva ar miiRo da kvlav moiTxova ermolo- vnoda eklesias, realurad ki es mamulebi
vis brZanebis gauqmeba. ukan daxevas arc ka- mTavris sakuTrebas wrmoadgenda. saeklesio
vkasiis mTavarsardali apirebda. man guriis mamulebidan naturiT da fuliT gadasaxads
mTavars Semdegi Sinaarsis werili miswera: 1. mTavari iseve iRebda, rogorc sakuTari mamu-
ajanyebis CaxSobasa da Tqveni xelisuflebis lidan, saeklesio aznaurebi da glexebi mas
gadarCenas ruseTis jars unda umadlodeT; iseve emsaxurebodnen, rogorc sakuTari azn-
2. moRalateTa mamulebi Tqvens mamulebs aurebi da glexebi. levan dadiani ermolovs
rom SevuerToT, maTi Zveli patronebi am mam- swerda, rom Tu mas CamoerTmeoda saeklesiod
ulebis dabrunebas Seecdebian da samTavroSi wodebuli mamulebidan miRebuli Semosavali,
areuloba daiwyeba; 3. moRalateTa mamulebi mTavris ojaxi Tavs veRar irCenda. samegre-
ruseTis xazinis kuTvnilebaa da maTi Zveli los mTavari aRniSnavda, rom saeklesio mam-
patronebi mis dabrunebas veRar Seecdebian; ulebi mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli mTeli
4. guriis mTavris xelisufleba sustia. ar- mamulebis naxevars warmoadgenda, ris gamoc
sebobs safrTxe, rom mTavris xelisuflebis am mamulebidan miRebuli Semosavlis dakarg-
Selaxvas kidev Seecadon, ris gamoc ruse- va misTvis autaneli iqneboda.
Tis jari guriaSi unda darCes. imavdroulad 1819 wlis 11 ivliss saqarTvelos samo-
ermolovi cdilobda mamia gurielis momad- qalaqo nawilis mTavarmmarTveli general-
lierebas. guriis mTavari wminda vladimeris leitenanti ivan veliaminovi (veliaminov I)
meore xarisxis jvriT dajildovda. garda levan dadians acnobebda imereTSi saeklesio
amisa, ermolovis SuamdgomlobiT mamia gu- reformiT gamowveuli mRelvarebis dawyebis
rielis vaJis, daviTis, naTlia imperatori Sesaxeb da mouwodebda yoveli Rone exmara
aleqsandr I gaxda. miuxedavad am `wyalobisa,“ samegreloSi simSvidis SesanarCuneblad. ve-
mamia guriels samTavros avtonomiur ufle- liaminovi gansakuTrebulad aRniSnavda, rom
bebis dacvisaTvis brZolaze xeli ar auRia. ruseTis xelisufleba ar apirebda daerRvia
bolos ruseTis xelisufleba iZulebuli gax- is pirobebi, romlebic samegrelos samTavros
da ajanyebis monawileTaTvis CamorTmeuli ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis
da ruseTis xazinis gamgeblobaSi gadasuli dros ganisazRvra. sapasuxo werilSi levan
yma-mamuli guriis mTavrisaTvis gadaeca. er- dadianma veliaminovs acnoba, rom arc pira-
molovma mxolod is moaxerxa, rom mamia gu- dad is da arc misi vaJebi ruseTis imperators
rieli iZulebuli gaxada mouravebis Tanamde- ar uRalatebdnen. mas Semdeg, rac samegrelos
bobis gauqmebis Semdeg maTTvis yma-glexebis samTavros ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
garkveuli raodenoba daeTmo. ase miiRo Sesvlis dros dadebuli pirobis dacvis ga-
giorgi nakaSiZem 20 komli glexi, gigo eri- rantia miiRo, levan dadianma feofilaqt
378
vaxtang guruli
rusanovs werili gaugzavna da saeklesio re- robebi ar dairRveoda.

formis Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazrebebi gauziara. giorgi dadianma Svebulebis gagrZelebis
1820 wlis gazafxulze peterburgidan ufleba iTxova, razec mas levan dadianis xa-
samegreloSi SvebulebiT dabrunda levan TriT uari ver uTxres. Semdeg avadmyofo-
dadianis Zma, leib-gvardiis preopraJenskis bis momizezebiT man kvlav gadado ruseTSi
polkis podporuCiki giorgi dadiani.
dadiani. Sve- gamgzavreba. ase rom, giorgi dadianma same-
bulebis dasrulebis Semdeg giorgi dadi- greloSi karga xans dahyo. am periodSi man
ani polkSi dabrunebas ar Cqarobda, ramac Tavis garSemo Semoikriba levan dadianisa da
daaeWva rusebi. ruseTis xelisuflebas cnoba rusuli orientaciis mowinaaRmdege samRvde-
hqonda, rom giorgi dadianis samegreloSi da- loeba, Tavadebi da aznaurebi. male giorgi
brunebis Semdeg rogorc samegrelos mTavris dadianma Seityo, rom ruseTis xelisufleba
ojaxSi, ise mTel samegreloSi areuloba dai- peterburgSi ZaliT gamgzavrebas upirebda,
wyo. giorgi dadians bevri mxardamWeri hyav- ris Semdegac tyeSi gaiqca da ajanyebisaTvis
da. mas mxars uWerda biZa, Wyondideli mit- daiwyo mzadeba. xelisuflebam gadamWreli
ropoliti,, romelic samegrelos mosaxleo-
ropoliti zomebi miiRo giorgi dadianis Sesapyrobad.
baSi didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda. rusebs levan dadiani irwmuneboda, rom Tavad Se-
gansakuTrebiT aSfodebda is, rom giorgi Zlebda ruseTSi gamgzavrebaze Zmis daTanx-
dadians mxars uWerda osmaleTis xelisufle- mebas. kavkasiis xazze, georgievskSi, myof
basTan kavSirSi SemCneuli beJan dadiani.
dadiani. er- dedofal ninos rusebma guSagebi miuCines,
molovi varaudobda, rom saeklesio refor- aikrZala dedofalTan mnaxvelTa stumroba.
mis winaaRmdeg ganwyobili samegrelos sam- SeSfoTebulma dedofalma peterburgSi gamg-
Rvdeloeba da ruseTis moZule Tavadebi ax- zavreba gadawyvita. 1820 wlis 18 maiss ermo-
algazrda giorgi dadianis garSemo Semoikri- lovma ruseTis imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa minis-
bebodnen da samegrelos mTavars seriozul tr viqtor koCubeis acnoba, rom samegrelos
opozicias Seuqmnidnen. amitom iyo, rom ivan dedofal ninos peterburgSi gamgzavrebis
veliaminovma gadawyvita giorgi dadiani rac nebarTva misca.
SeiZleba swrafad gaestumrebina samegrelo- giorgi dadiani ajanyebulTa razm-
dan, manamde ki masze mkacri zedamxedveloba Tan erTad jer afxazeTSi gadavida, xolo
dawesda. zedamxedvelobis qveS imyofeboda Semdeg osmaleTs Seafara Tavi. imereTsa da
levan dadianis dedac, samegrelos yofili guriaSi ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg, 1820
mmarTveli dedofali ninonino.. roca dedofali wlis miwuruls, giorgi dadiani samegre-
kavkasiis mineralur wylebze samkurnalod loSi dabrunda. ufro adre, 1820 wlis 10
gaemgzavra, ruseTis xelisuflebaSi Sevida ivliss, man monaniebis werili dawera da ru-
dasmenebi, rom TiTqos igi mimalvas apir- seTis imperators Sewyaleba sTxova. imere-
ebda. samkurnalod myof dedofals Camoa- Tis mmarTvelma piotr gorCakovma moiTxova,
Sores daaxloebuli pirebi da samegreloSi rom giorgi dadiani misTvis gaegzavnaT. Zmis
dabrunebisaken mouwodes. ermolovma levan SuamdgomlobiT giorgi dadiani dacvis Tanx-
dadians sTxova, masTan Crdilo kavkasiaSi, lebiT TbilisSi gadaiyvanes. avadmyofobis
ramdenime aTeuli kaci gaegzavna, romlebic gamo misi peterburgSi gamgzavreba gadaido.
Semdeg georgievskSi myof dedofal nino- ermolovi giorgi dadians peterburgSi dab-
sac moinaxulebdnen. sinamdvileSi, kavkasiis runebis Rirsad ar Tvlida, amitom iyo, rom
mTavarsardals samegreloSi mimdinare mov- imperatoris nebarTvasac ki ar daeloda, ise
lenebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiTi informaciis gagzavna samxedro samsaxuris axal adgilze
miReba surda. ermolovi savsebiT sworad _ cimbiris korpusis meTauris gankargule-
varaudobda, rom giorgi dadianis winaaRmdeg baSi. ermolovma giorgi dadiani samxedro sa-
brZolaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba same- samarTlos imitom ar gadasca, rom sasjelis
grelos mTavris pozicias eniWeboda. amitom Semsubuqeba SeuZlebeli iqneboda, riTac er-
iyo, rom ermolovi da veliaminovi dabejiTe- molovma samxedro debuleba daarRvia. 1821
biT cdilobdnen levan dadianis darwmunebas wlis ivlisSi ermolovma ruseTis imperators
imaSi, rom Tu saeklesio reforma gatardebo- sTxova, giorgi dadianis sasjeli gvardiuli
da, samegrelos samTavros ruseTis imperiis polkidan armiaSi gadayvaniT gansazRvruli-
qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis dros dadebuli pi- yo.
379
§5. ajanyeba imereTSi liaminovma gadawyvita goridan quTaisSi

waeyvana xersonis grenaderTa polkis erTi
1. ajanyebis dawyeba da mimdinareoba.
batalioni,, imavdroulad man brZaneba gasca
batalioni
imereTSi gatarebulma represiebma mRelva-
imereTSi ganlagebul ruseTis jars quTaissa
reba ver Caacxro, piriqiT, mRelvareba male
da sofel maranSi moeyara Tavi. es brZane-
ajanyebaSi gadaizarda. imereTSi ajanyebis
ba ar exeboda jaris im nawilebs, romlebic
dawyebas biZgi raWaSi ganviTarebulma mov-
surami _ quTaisis da quTaisi _ rudet-kales
lenebma misca. qvemo raWis Tavadebis winamZ-
gzas icavda. 1820 wlis 21 aprils aleqsei ve-
RolobiT mosaxleoba rusebTan sabrZolve-
liaminovi aleqsei ermolovs swerda, rom vi-
lad moemzada: col-Svili tyeebSi gaxiznes,
Tarebis gamosworeba Zalze Zneli iyo. gener-
qoneba gadamales, gzebi Caxerges da guSagebi
ali kavkasiis mTavarsardals moaxsenebda: Tu
daayenes. qvemo raWidan zemo raWasa da leCx-
maior kasCenkos cnobebs verwmunebiT, aSkaraa,
umSi macneebi dagzavnes, saidanac sul male
rom imereTSi viTareba kidev ufro rTulia,
maSveli Zalebi gamoCnda. ajanyebulebma dai-
vidre gasul wels iyo. veliaminovi ermolovs
kaves yvela mniSvnelovani punqti, daangries
sTxovda, gaegzavna im pirTa sia, visi dapatim-
xidebi, riTac ruseTis jars raWaSi SeRwevis
rebac aucilebeli iyo. veliaminovis moxsene-
saSualeba mouspes. ajanyebulebma imereTSi
bam, aseve imereTidan miRebulma sxva cnobebma
mefobis aRdgena gadawyvites, xolo kandida-
ermolovi daarwmuna, rom imereTsa da guriaSi
tad ivane abaSiZe SearCies. 1820 wlis aprilSi
movlenebi Zalze saSiS xasiaTs iZenda. kavka-
ivane abaSiZe guriidan imereTSi dabrunda,
siis mTavarsardals afiqrebda is, rom imer-
Tavisi razmiT (100 mebrZoli) Tavs daesxa
eTsa da guriaSi jaris sakmao raodenoba ar
mdinare Colaburze arsebul ruseTis jaris
hyavda. amitom iyo, rom man samegrelos mTa-
saguSagos da daikava igi. sul male ivane aba-
var levan dadians daavala samTavroSi laSqa-
SiZis razmi gaizarda, masSi jer 300, xolo
ri Seekriba da sofel marnidan redut-kaleSi
Semdeg 500 kaci iricxeboda. ivane abaSiZe mdi-
mimavali gza daecva. imavdroulad, kavkasiis
nare Colaburze arsebuli saguSagos daka-
mTavarsardalma podpolkovnik zgorelskis
vebis Semdeg sofel sazanoSi Sevida, saidanac
ubrZana, rom alyaSi moxvedris Tavidan ac-
1820 wlis 22 aprils imereTis mosaxleobas
ilebis mizniT saswrafod daetovebina guria.
ajanyebisaken mouwoda. am mowodebis Semdeg
Tbilisidan suramSi yabardos polkis erTi
ajanyebulTa ricxvi kidev ufro gaizarda.
batalioni gaigzavna. general-maior maqsim
imereTis mosaxleobas mowodebiT mimarTa
vlasovs ebrZana moliTis saguSagodan kaza-
mefobis erT-erTma kandidatma, imereTis me-
kTa 2 aseuliT yvirilis saguSagosaken daZ-
fis, daviT II-is, ukanono Svilis, rostomis,
ruliyo, SeCerebuliyo yvirilis saguSagoze
vaJma vaxtangma
vaxtangma.. mimarTvaSi aRniSnuli iyo,
da uzrunveleyo moliTsa da yvirilas Soris
rom vaxtangi quTaisis dakavebas apirebda.
kavSiri. vlasovs aseve unda gaekontrolebina
imereTis mmarTvelma piotr gorCakovma ivane
axalcixidan sofel SroSisa da sofel ubisi-
abaSiZesTan da vaxtang batoniSvilTan mo-
saken mimavali gzebi, raTa ivane da nikoloz
salaparakeblad rostom erisTavi gagzavna,
abaSiZeebisaTvis axalcixis faSasTan urTier-
romelsac maTTvis gadasacemad mihqonda
Tobis saSualeba moespo.
zurab wereTlis werili. zurab wereTeli
1820 wlis 25 aprils general-maiori
ajanyebulebs urCevda, winaaRmdegoba See-
aleqsei veliaminovi jarTan erTad quTaisSi
wyvitaT da xalxi daeSalaT. amis sapasuxod
Sevida. am droisaTvis qalaqis mosaxleoba
ajanyebis momxre imerelma Tavadebma sof-
ajanyebulebs srul Tanadgomas ucxadebda da
lebSi werilebi daagzavnes da mosaxleobas
yovelnairad exmareboda. quTaisSi veliami-
gamosvlisaken mouwodes. Tavadebi saxl-karis
novs saSualeba mieca dawvrilebiTi cnobebi
gadawviT emuqrebodnen imaT, vinc ajanyebaSi
mieRo ajanyebis Sesaxeb. generalma Seityo,
ar miiRebda monawileobas. ajanyebulTa rige-
rom raWaSi ermolovis brZanebis gavrcelebis
bi kidev ufro gaizarda.
mizniT Casuli moxeleebi ajanyebulebs
xelisuflebam samxedro Zalis Tavmoyra
ukanve gamoubrunebiaT. veliaminovs acnobes,
daiwyo. 1820 wlis aprilSi Tbilisidan gorSi
rom, marTalia, guriis mTavari mamia gurieli
Cavida general-maiori aleqsei veliaminovi
podpolkovnik zgorelskis banakSi imyofebo-
(veliaminov
veliaminov II).
II). aq generali imereTsa da gu-
da, magram imdenad susti mmarTveli iyo, rom
riaSi Seqmnil viTarebas gaecno. aleqsei ve-
380
vaxtang guruli
ajanyebulebze veranair gavlenas ver axden- ki polkovnik gorCakovis meTaurobiT sofel

da. arsebuli cnobebis Tanaxmad, ivane abaSiZe svirSi Sevida. 1820 wlis 29 ivniss orive
mdinare xanis xeobaSi iyo gamagrebuli da ax- razmma xanis xeobisaken gadaadgileba daiwyo.
alcixis faSasTan awarmoebda molaparakebas. polkovniki gorCakovi sviridan sofel xani-
1820 wlis 30 aprils ajanyebulebma saken daiZra, xolo generali vlasovi _ yvir-
sofeli sviri daikaves. dawyebuli wvimebis ilis saguSagodan sofel tabakinis gavliT
gamo rionze, yvirilasa da xanze wylis do- sofel zeganisaken
zeganisaken.. ivane abaSiZem Tavis razm-
nem mniSvnelovnad aiwia, ris gamoc aleqsei Tan erTad axalcixisaken daixia da osmaleTis
veliaminovi quTaisSi Seferxda. 1820 wlis sazRvarTan sul axlos gamagrda, xolo Sem-
2 maiss ruseTis jari quTaisidan baRdadi- deg axalcixeSi gadavida. 1820 wlis 1 ivliss
saken daiZra. veliaminovis daqvemdebarebaSi rusebma sofeli xani da xanis xeoba daikaves
iyo xersonis grenaderTa polkis 3 aseuli da mosaxleoba ruseTis imperatoris erT-
2 zarbazniT da 50 kazaki. quTaisidan gasv- gulebaze daafices. ivane abaSiZis axalcixeSi
lis win generalma Seityo, rom ajanyebulebma gadaxvewiT imereTSi ajanyebis ukanaskneli
mdinare yvirilaze borani dawves. veliami- kera moispo.
novma viTarebis dazvervis mizniT 30 kazaki imereTSi, guriasa da samegreloSi
maior andreevskis meTaurobiT win gagzavna, ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg aleqsei ermolovi
romelsac mdinareze gadasasvlelad navebic Crdilo kavkasiaSi dabrunda da daRestnis
unda moeZiebina. mdinare yvirilaze damwvari dapyroba gaagrZela.
bornis adgilas andreevskim mxolod 4 navi 2. represiebi ajanyebis damarcxebis Sem-
ipova. rusebma mdinareze gadasvla daiwyes, deg. 1821 wlis martSi imereTis mmarTvelma
rac daRamebamde gagrZelda. 3 maiss ruse- piotr gorCakovma proklamaciiT (mowodebiT)
Tis jari baRdads miuaxlovda, sadac rusebma mimarTa imereTisa da guriis mosaxleobas.
Seityves, rom ajanyebulebi yvirilis marjve- generali acxadebda, rom ajanyebis monawile-
na napirze gadasulan da sofel simoneTSi da- Tagan aRaravin daisjeboda, garda ramdenime
banakebulan. veliaminovma sofeli sviri dai- mTavari `borotmoqmedisa“. mowodebas Tan
kava, tyved aiyvana ajanyebulTa col-Svili erTvoda im pirTa sia, romlebic Sewyalebas
da quTaisSi dabrunda. ar imsaxurebdnen da samudamod gandevnili
imereTSi ajanyebis CaxSobis mizniT unda yofiliyvnen ruseTis imperiis sazRvre-
generalma aleqsei veliaminovma suramidan bidan. mosaxleobas sastikad ekrZaleboda am
karabinerTa me-7 polkis 4 aseuli gamoiZaxa, pirTaTvis TavSesafris micema an sxva raime
romelTac SeiaraRebaze 4 zarbazani hqon- saxis daxmarebis aRmoCena. winaaRmdeg SemTx-
daT. imavdroulad, genaralma brZana imere- vevaSi, wodebis miuxedavad, sastikad daisje-
Tis yvela okrugSi mosaxleobisagan milicia boda yvela. mosaxleobas evaleboda prokla-
(saxalxo laSqari) SeekribaT da ajanyebulTa maciaSi CamoTvlili pirebis povnaSi xelisu-
winaaRmdeg gamoeyenebinaT. veliaminovma br- flebas daxmareboda, risTvisac dadgenil
Zaneba gasca, Ziebisa da sasamarTlos gareSe gasamrjelos miiRebdnen. ZebnilTa siaSi iyo
CamoexCoT yvela, visac ki iaraRiT xelSi dai- ramdenime bagrationi
bagrationi:: mamuka, vaxtang, tariel
Werdnen. 1820 wlis 30 maiss ermolovma ve- bagrationebi;; Tavdebi: beJan, giorgi mxeiZeebi,
bagrationebi
liaminovs ubrZana gadaewvaT yvela sofeli, ivane, nikoloz, qaixosro abaSiZeebi da sxv.
romelic ajanyebaSi monawileobda. miliciis saeklesio aznauri sosika iaSvili;
iaSvili; saTava-
razmebs imereTSi ase Tu ise qmnidnen, raWaSi do aznaurebi da glexebi: glaxuna bakuraZe,
miliciis Seqmnis procesi Seferxda. vaxtang svaniZe, grigol jafariSvili, zurab
ivane abaSiZem imereTSi ruseTis jaris jafariSvili, egnate kipriaSvili, SoSita tye-
raodenobis gazrdis Semdeg ukan daixia da SelaSvili, gogia noniaSvili, niko noniaS-
mdinare xanis xeobaSi gamagrda. rusebma mis vili, beruka noniaSvili, beruka xotebaSvili,
winaaRmdeg Seteva ori mimarTulebiT daiw- buWunika kobaxiZe, mRvdeli daviT buaZe
buaZe,, sul
yes. Tbilisis grenaderTa polkis batalioni 27 kaci. rusebma Zebnil pirTagan ramdenimes
general-maior maqsim vlasovis meTaurobiT Sepyroba moaxerxes. maT Soris iyo Tavad
suramidan yvirilis saguSagoze, mdinare wereTlis aznauri egnate kipriaSvili, guru-
yvirilaze arsebuli fonTan dabanakda. xolo li Tavadis, daviT erisTavis, aznauri qaix-
karabinerTa me-7 polkis 6 aseuli da 50 kaza- osro sexniaSvili. 1821 wlis martSi Tbilisis
381
komendantma irkutskis gadasaxlebaSi gagzav- qorqia, nikoloz samxaraia da giorgi mxeiZe.

qorqia, mxeiZe.
na ajanyebis cxra monawile. osmaleTSi gadax- ajanyebas imereTsa da guriaSi uamravi
vewili ivane, qaixosro da zurab abaSiZeebis adamiani Seewira: maTi nawili ajanyebis pro-
mamulebi xazinas gadaeca. mogvianebiT gairk- cesSi represiebs emsxverpla, nawili brZo-
va, rom qaixosro da zurab abaSiZeebi mamisa- lebSi daiRupa, xolo nawili ajanyebis damar-
gan ar iyvnen gayrilebi da amdenad, sakuTari cxebis Semdeg represiebma Seiwira. daRupul-
qoneba ar gaaCndaT. 1821 wlis 20 maiss piotr Ta zusti ricxvi dadgenili ar aris. rusebma
gorCakovi aleqsei veliaminovs atyobinebda, ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi moklulTa
rom saTavado aznauri grigol jafariSvili,
jafariSvili, da mZimed daWrilTa saxiT 209 oficeri da
glexebi buWunika kobaxiZe da SoSita tyeSe- jariskaci dakarges.
laSvili man cimbirSi gagzavna. gacimbire-
bul ivane iaSvils gadasaxlebis adgilamde ***
ar miuRwevia, igi 1821 wlis ivnisSi gzaSive
gardaicvala. 1821 wlis 23 agvistos piotr 1819-1820 wlebSi imereTSi, guriasa da
gorCakovi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis samegreloSi ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg
mmarTvels ivan veliaminovs moaxsenebda, rom ruseTis eklesiis uwmindesi sinodi kvlav
man dapatimrebuli Tavadi lomin erisTavi da daubrunda saeklesio reformis sakiTxs. re-
aznaurebi levan qadagiZe,
qadagiZe, svimon asaTiani da forma imereTSi mxolod egzarqos feofilaqt
zurab sexniaSvili quTaisidan TbilisSi gag- rusanovis gardacvalebis (1821 w.) Semdeg ga-
zavna. ajanyebis monawileTa dapatimrebebi da tarda, samegrelosa da guriaSi ki saeklesio
gadasaxlebebi didxans grZeldeboda, magali- reforma ar gautarebiaT.
Tad, mxolod 1823 wels daapatimres buWua
382
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XX. afxazeTis samTavro XIX saukunis 10-50-ian wlebSi
afxazeTis samTavroSi, samegrelosa da gadaitana. rezidenciis dacvisaTvis ruseTis

guriis samTavroebisagan gansxvavebiT, ruse- xelisuflebam mTavars erTi savale zarba-
Tis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg zani uboZa. marTalia, afxazeTis samTavro
rusulma mmarTvelobam fexi ver moikida. sam- 1810 wels ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
TavroSi rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba ka- Sevida da giorgi ServaSiZe ruseTis impera-
vkasiis mTavarsardlebis aleqsei ermolovisa torma afxazeTis mTavrad daamtkica, magram
da ivan paskeviCis saxelebs ukavSirdeba. qveSevrdomi mTavari realurad afxazeTs ver
ganagebda. Seqmnili viTarebis gamosworebis
mizniT saqarTvelos mTavarsardlebma ivan
§1. afxazeTis samTavro XIX saukunis 10-20-ian gudoviCma (1806-1809) da aleqsandr tor-
wlebSi masovma (1809-1811) veraferi iRones. giorgi
ServaSiZis mdgomareobas auaresebda is, rom
1. viTareba afxazeTis samTavroSi ruseTis
osmaleTi aqtiurad uWerda mxars mis Zmas ar-
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. 1810
slan beis, romelic yvelanairad cdilobda
wlis 17 Tebervals, rogorc zemoT aRvniS-
soxumis cixis ukan dabrunebas. amisaTvis igi
neT, saqarTvelos mTavarsardal ivan gu-
ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omi Semdeg
doviCis wardginebis safuZvelze, ruseTis im-
dadebuli buqarestis zavis (1812 w.) gamoyene-
peratorma aleqsandr I-ma afxazeTis mTavrad
bas cdilobda. buqarestis zavis me-6 muxlSi
mokluli qeleS ahmed bei ServaSiZis nacvlad
aRniSnulia: ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvari azia-
misi Svili sefer ali bei daamtkica. sefer ali
Si unda aRdges ise, rogorc iyo omamde, ru-
bei marTlmadideblad moinaTla da afxaze-
seTi valdebulia osmaleTs daubrunos omis
Tis mTavris taxtzec giorgis saxeliT avida.
dros brZoliT dakavebuli teritoriebi.
giorgi ServaSiZe susti mmarTveli gamodga,
swored amitom daubruna ruseTma osmaleTs
Zmis, arslan beis, SiSiT igi soxumSi Casvlasac
axalqalaqi da foTi
foTi,, magram ar daubruna
ki ver bedavda da zugdids afarebda Tavs.
aseve omis dros dakavebuli soxumi
soxumi.. omis
1810 wlis 9 ivliss ruseTis samxedro eskadra
Semdeg osmaleTi ruseTisgan imereTis, same-
soxums miuaxlovda da 10 ivliss soxumis
grelos, guriisa da afxazeTis dabrunebasac
cixis dabombva daiwyo. osmalTa garnizonma
moiTxovda, magram sasurvel Sedegs ver mi-
cixe ver SeinarCuna da danebda. ruseTis samx-
aRwia. unda aRiniSnos, rom peterburgSi wi-
edro eskadra sevastopolSi dabrunda, soxu-
naaRmdegni ar iyvnen axalqalaqis, foTisa da
mis cixeSi me-4 sazRvao polkis 2 aseuli da
soxumis osmaleTisaTvis dabrunebisa. saqa-
belevskis polkis 1 aseuli datoves. giorgi
rTvelos maSindelma mTvarsardalma nikolai
ServaSiZem mxolod amis Semdeg SeZlo soxum-
rtiSCevma (1812-1816) ruseTis imperatori
Si Casvla. sefer ali bei (giorgi) ServaSiZis
daarwmuna, rom axalqalaqisa da foTis dab-
deda glexis qali iyo, ris gamoc afxazi Ta-
runeba SesaZlebeli iyo, xolo soxumidan ru-
vadebis did nawili mis mimarT uaryofiTad
seTis garnizonis gayvana afxazeTis dakargvas
iyo ganwyobili. didi avtoritetiT arc mamis
gamoiwvevda. ase SeinarCuna ruseTma soxumi.
mkvleli arslan bei ServaSiZe sargeblobda.
saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Semdeg, aleq-
aseT viTarebaSi Tavadebsa da ubralo xalxSi
sei ermolovi darwmunda, rom 1810 wlidan,
ufro popularuli iyo qeleS mehmed bei Ser-
afxazeTis samTavros ruseTis qveSevrdomo-
vaSiZis umcrosi vaJi hasan bei
bei,, romlis deda
baSi miRebidan, ruseTi realurad mxolod
marSaniebis cnobili sagvareulodan iyo.
soxumis cixes flobda, romlis garnizoni 500
giorgi ServaSiZem erTpirovnuli Zalaufleba
oficersa da jariskacs ar aRemateboda. sox-
ver moipova. hasan bei da misi danarCeni Zmebi
umis rusul garnizons mudmivad aviwroednen
sruliad damoukideblad ganagebdnen TavianT
ruseTisadmi arakeTilganwyobili afxazebi,
samflobeloebs. aseT viTarebaSi afxazeTs
soxumSi mdgari garnizonis jariskacTa erTi
Camoscilda samurzayano. giorgi ServaSiZe
nawili mudmivad avadmyofobda, adgilobriv
praqtikulad mxolod sakuTriv Tavis mamuls
havas ver egueboda. soxumis cixes ruseTis
(saufliswulos) ganagebda, romelic bzifis
mflobelobaSi arsebul sxva qalaqebTan da
okrugSi mdebareobda. male giorgi ServaSiZem
cixeebTan saxmeleTo gza ar akavSirebda. misi
Tavisi rezidenciac soxumidan sofel lixnSi
383
garnizoni sursaT-sanovagiTa da SeiaraRebiT maleTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlas moisurve-

Savi zRvis navsadgurebidan, ZiriTadad sev- beno. afxazeTis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ru-
astopolidan, maragdeboda. soxumi imdenad seTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa saministrosa
mowyvetili iyo ruseTis samflobeloebs, da ermolovs Soris urTierToba ukiduresad
rom mTeli zamTris ganmavlobaSi mezobel gamwvavda.
samegreloSic ki aravin icoda, Tu ra md- 2. afxazeTis samTavro giorgi ServaSiZis
gomareoba iyo soxumis cixeSi. amis Sedegic gardacvalebis Semdeg. 1821 wlis 7 Teber-
iyo is, rom ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesu- vals gardaicvala afxazeTis mTavari giorgi
li giorgi ServaSiZe samTavroSi wesrigs ver ServaSiZe. mTavars oTxi vaJi darCa: dimitri
dimitri,,
amyarebda. imereTis mmarTveli ivan kurnato- mixeili,, aleqsandre da konstantine
mixeili konstantine.. Zmebidan
vski Tbilisis gubernators general-maior ufrosi dimitri peterburgSi, paJTa korpus-
karl stals swerda: afxazeTis mTavari imde- Si imyofeboda. giorgi ServaSiZis gardacva-
nad susti mmarTvelia, rom xalxTan gamoCena- lebis dros aleqsei ermolovi peterburgSi
sac ver bedavs, radgan icis, rom xalxi mas ki imyofeboda. kavkasiis mTavarsardali samTav-
ar emorCileba, aramed mis umcros Zmas, mamac roSi areulobis dawyebis Tavidan acilebis
da gamWriax hasan beis. kurnatovskis azriT, mizniT dimitri ServaSiZis afxazeTis mTavrad
afxazeTis samTavros mosaxleoba ruseTis xe- damtkicebasa da mis afxazeTSi gagzavnis daC-
lisuflebas imitom ar cnobda, rom ruseTma qarebas Seecada. imperatori dimitri Serva-
afxazeTis mTavrad ususuri da samTavros SiZis afxazeTis mTavrad damtkicebas daTanx-
marTvisaTvis sruliad Seuferebeli giorgi mda, Tumca igi peterburgSi ramdenime TviT
ServaSiZe SearCia. mainc Seferxda.
aleqsei ermolovma afxazeTis samTavro- giorgi SevaSiZis gardacvalebas afxaze-
Si Seqmnili viTareba meted saSiSad miiCnia. Tis samTavroSi areuloba mohyva. gardacv-
1818 wlis 22 marts aleqsandr I-isaTvis gagza- lili mTavris meuRlem, dedofalma Tama-
vnil moxsenebaSi saqarTvelos mTavarsardali rma,, ise, rom dimitris afxazeTis mTavrad
rma
aRniSnavda: àfxazeTSi, velur da mtacebel damtkicebis Sesaxeb araferi icoda, werili
xalxze Cveni mflobelobis ganmtkicebisaTvis gaugzavna saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis
da imisaTvis, rom osmaleTTan mosalodneli mmarTvels general-leitenant ivan veliami-
ganxeTqilebis SemTxvevaSi es mxare ubralod novs (veliaminov I-s).
I-s). dedofali ivan veliami-
SevinarCunoT, aucilebelia avamaRloT sox- novs sTxovda afxazeTis samTavros ruse-
umis Tavdacvisunarianoba da davaarsoT is- Tis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis dros
eTive simagre gagraSi, riTac Cven afxazeTs gansazRvruli pirobis dacvas da mTavris
anapasTan da yubanispireTis mTielebTan kav- memkvidreobiTi Zalauflebis SenarCunebas.
Siris SesaZleblobas movuspobT“. aleqsei er- ivan veliaminovma dedofals piroba misca,
molovi imperators swerda, rom arc Crdilo rom mTavris memkvidreobiTi xelisufleba
kavkasiidan (kavkasiis xazidan) da arc saqarT- SenarCunebuli iqneboda. amave dros, saqarT-
velodan afxazeTSi jarebis gagzavna ar Sei- velo samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelma kar-
Zleboda, radgan iq ganlagebuli jarebi maT gad icoda, rom soxumis cixis rusuli gar-
winaSe dasaxul amocanebs Zlivs-ZlivobiT nizoni dedofal Tamars veraviTar daxmare-
arTmevdnen Tavs. saqarTvelos mTavarsar- bas ver aRmouCenda. generalma isic icoda,
dali miiCnevda, rom afxazeTSi gasagzavnad rom imereTis mmarTvelma piotr gorCakovma
unda gamoyofiliyo ori batalioni mainc. pe- soxumis cixis komendants ubrZana mxolod
terburgSi ermolovis winadadeba ar miiRes. cixis dacvaze ezruna da dedofal Tamari-
ruseTis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa saminis- saTvis TavSesafari mxolod maSin mieca, Tu
troSi seriozulad daisva sakiTxi: Seqmnili mas mtrebis xelSi Cavardnis safrTxe dae-
viTarebidan gamomdinare, xom ar ajobebda muqreboda. ivan veliaminovi grZnobda, rom
afxazeTi ruseTs osmaleTisaTvis daeTmo? afxazeTis samTvaroSi rusuli orientaciis
ermolovs afxazeTis osmaleTisaTvis gadace- mowinaaRmdegeebi gaimarjvebdnen. amitom iyo,
mis gagonebac ki ar surda da Tavis pozicias rom man piotr gorCakovs ubrZana, rogorc
ase asabuTebda: afxazeTis samTavros osmale- ki mdinareebze wyaldidoba dasruldeboda,
TisaTvis gadacemis Semdeg samegrelosa da saxmeleTo gziT afxazeTis samTavrosaken
guriis mTavrebi, aseve imereli Tavadebi os- daZruliyo, raTa ruseTis jaris afxazeTSi
384
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SesvliT rusuli orientaciis momxreebi gae- yaCaRuri Tavdasxma ise warmoaCina, TiTqos
mxnevebinaT. konkretulad, afxazeTSi unda afxazeTSi rusebis winaaRmdeg ajanyeba dai-
gaegzavnaT samegrelos egerTa polkis 2 aseu- wyo, romlis mizani hasan beis mTavris tax-
li 2 zarbazniT da kazakTa naxevari aseuli. tze ayvana iyo. ivan veliaminovi endo maior
piotr gorCakovma ivan veliaminovis brZanebis mogilianskis moxsenebas da brZaneba gasca
Sesruleba sariskod miiCnia da saqarTvelos pirveli SesaZleblobisTanave hasan bei dae-
samoqalaqo nawilis ufross miwera: me srul patimrebinaT. mogilianskim aRar daayovna da
gaurkvevlobaSi var, CemTvis sruliad ucno- hasan beis Sesapyrobad veragobas mimarTa: man
bia, ra saxis daxmarebas elodeba da ra surs hasan bei viTomda samTavros mmarTvelobas-
Cvengan gardacvlili mTavris meuRles. ro- Tan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gasarkvevad
gorc ki Cveni jari afxazeTSi Seva da afxa- soxumSi, Tavis rezindenciaSi, miiwvia. darba-
zebis saqmeSi Caereva, aucilebeli iqneba imis zSi Sesul hasan beis rusebi Tavs daesxnen,
gamocxadeba, Tu vis vuWerT Cven mxars af- iatakze dasces, ganaiaraRes da xel-fexi Seu-
xazeTis mTavris taxtze da Tundac droebiT kres. hasan beis mravalricxovani amala rezi-
vis vandobT samTavros mmarTvelobas. ivan denciis ezoSi idga. xmaurze amalis wevrebma
veliaminovma danamdvilebiT ar icoda, vis xmlebi iSiSvles da hasan beis gaTavisufle-
daamtkicebda ruseTis imperatori afxaze- bas Seecadnen. afxazebma daketili kari Sean-
Tis mTavrad. amitom iyo, rom man aleqsandr gries, magram rusebis mier gaxsnil cecxlsa
I-is mier axali mTavris damtkicebamde dedo- da xiStebs waawydnen. hasan beis amalidan ori
fali Tamari regentad gamoacxada. imereTis webeldeli Tavadi iqve mokles, xolo danar-
mmarTvelma gorCakovma icoda, rom dedofal Cenebi ganaiaraRes. am umizezo dapatimrebam
Tamaris regentad gamocxadebas ar daeTanxme- imereTis mmarTveli piotr gorCakovi mZime md-
boda hasan bei.
bei 1821 wlis martSi gorCakovma gomareobaSi Caagdo. savalalo iyo ara marto
viTarebis Seswavlis mizniT afxazeTSi maiori TviT hasan beis dapatimrebis gadawyvetile-
ogarkovi gagzavna. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ba, aramed dapatimrebis veraguli forma da
ogarkovs ufleba hqonda hasan bei daepatim- amalis wevrebis daxocva. 1821 wlis 22 marts
rebina. maiori afxazeTis samTavroSi Seqm- gorCakovi ivan veliaminovs swerda: Tavidanve
nil viTarebas gaecno da daaskvna: hasan beis meeWveboda, rom maior mogilianskis CemTvis
dapatimrebas SeiZleboda samTavroSi didi ucnobi piradi miznebi ufro amoZravebda, vi-
mRelvareba gamoewvia. gorCakovi ogarkovis dre samsaxurebrivi movaleoba. pirvel mox-
daskvnas daeTanxma da hasan beis dapatimrebis senebaSi igi mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRS-
brZaneba gaauqma. vidre imereTis mmarTvelis foTebisa da masSi hasan beis monawileobis
axali brZaneba soxumSi CaaRwevda, maiorma Sesaxeb werda da dedofal Tamaris dasacavad
ogarkovma hasan bei daapatimra. samTavroSi jaris gagzavnas iTxovda. Semdeg gairkva, rom
popularuli adamianis dapatimreba mRelva- mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRSfoTebasTan ki
rebis damatebiTi mizezi gaxda. unda aRiniS- ar gvqonia saqme, aramed samxedro saguSagoze
nos, rom hasan beis dapatimrebamde afxazeTSi Cveulebrivi mZarcvelebis TavdasxmasTano.
moxda iseTi movlena, romelmac viTareba Za- hasan beis dapatimrebis miuxedavad, simSvide
lze daZaba. giorgi ServaSiZis gardacvalebi- arc im dRes da arc Semdeg dReebSi ar dar-
dan meore dRes, 1821 wlis 8 Tebervals, af- Rveula. rogorc aRvniSneT, hasan bei samx-
xazebi Tavs daesxnen soxumis maxloblad ar- edro saguSagoze TavdasxmaSi ar monawileob-
sebul rusul saguSagos. marTalia, rusebma da, radgan im dRes gardacvlili Zmis ojaxSi
Tavdasxma moigeries, magram daiRupa erTi da imyofeboda. amitom iyo, rom piotr gorCa-
daiWra oTxi rusi. rusuli jaris saguSagoze kovma ivan veliaminovs sTxova, rom momxdarSi
TavdamsxmelTa Soris iyvnen hasan beis kuT- damnaSaved soxumis cixis komendanti maiori
vnili soflebis mcxovreblebi. Tavad hasan mogilianski ecnoT. imave werilSi gorCakovi
bei TavdasxmaSi ar monawileobda da saer- saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvels
Tod, araferi uwyoda am Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb, hasan beis dapatimrebisa da misi soxumis cixe-
radgan gardacvlili Zmis ojaxSi imyofebo- Si gamoketvis Semdeg Seqmnili viTarebis Ses-
da. Tavdasxmis Semdeg hasan beim damnaSavee- axeb moaxsenebda: `Cven gvrCeba ori saSualeba:
bis Zebna Tavad daiwyo. soxumis cixis komen- pirveli _ SevasruloT sayovelTao saxalxo
dantma maiorma mogilianskim es Cveulebrivi survili da hasan bei gavaTavisufloT; meo-
385
re _ jariT SevideT afxazeTSi. hasan beis boda Seqmnil viTarebas. afxazeTSi ajanyeba
gaTavisuflebas SesaZleblad miviCnev, gaTa- jer dawyebuli ar iyo, magram mRelvareba
visufleba rom xelisuflebas sisusted ar sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeboda. gorCakovi
CaeTvalos, davniSnoT gamoZieba, romelic afxazeTis Tavadebs Sexvda, romlebic hasan
daadasturebs Sepyrobilis udanaSaulobas. beis dapatimrebis gamo aRSfoTebas ar mala-
hasan beis mZevlebi gamovarTvaT da movTxo- vdnen. Tavadebma kargad icoden, rom ruseTis
voT ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis mSvidobis winaaRmdeg brZolas perspeqtiva ar gaaCnda.
damrRvevi yaCaRebis gadacema. meore saSuale- miuxedavad amisa, maT mtkiced gadawyvites:
ba, rogorc zemoT mogaxseneT, Zalis gamoy- afxazeTis samTavroSi ruseTis jaris Sesv-
enebaa. Tqveno aRmatebulebav, mogexsenebaT, lisTanave TavianTi saxl-kari gadaewvaT da
rom Tu afxazeTis mosaxleobis aRSfoTeba mTebSi gaxiznuliyvnen. am pirobebSi gorCa-
sayovelTao iqneba, iq 1.000 mebrZoli mainc kovma ver SeZlo piradad Sexvedroda samTav-
unda gaigzavnos, am raodenobis jaris Sekre- ros regents, dedofal Tamars
Tamars.. dedofalma
bas ki dro sWirdeba. afxazeTSi jariT Ses- soxumSi gorCakovTan misvla ar isurva, xolo
vlis SemTxvevaSi Cven, cxadia, SesaZlebloba am ukanasknelma Tavisi sicocxlis xelyofis
gveqneba gadavwvaT ramdenime sofeli da mo- SiSiT cixis kedlebs gareT dedofalTan
saxleoba vaiZuloT tyes Seafaros Tavi. amis Sexvedraze uari Tqva. gorCakovis afxazeT-
Semdeg mRelvareba ar Sewydeba da iZulebuli Si Casvlam Sedegi ver gamoiRo. erTaderTi
viqnebiT jaris nawili didi xnis ganmavlobaSi dadebiTi Sedegi mxolod is iyo, rom man sox-
iq davtovoT, radgan soxumis cixis garnizons umis cixis komendantobidan gadaayena maiori
cixis gareT moqmedebis Zala ar gaaCnia“. pi- mogilianski, romelic, gorCakovisave TqmiT,
otr gorCakovi ivan veliaminovs sTxovda am `sayovelTao-saxalxo zizRs“ imsaxurebda.
ori gzidan erT-erTi aerCia. soxumSi yofnisas imereTis mmarTvelma hasan
imereTis mmarTveli piotr gorCakovi beis dapatimrebasTan dakavSirebuli erTi de-
sakiTxs sakmaod sworad ayenebda: an hasan beis talic gaarkvia: maiori mogilianskis sZulda
ganTavisufleba an afxazeTSi mRelvarebis hasan bei da am zizRis gamoxatuleba iyo is,
dawyeba. samwuxarod, ivan veliaminovi imde- rom man ruseTis jaris erTi aseuli sofel
nad cudad iyo ganwyobili hasan beis mimarT, kelasurSi gagzavna da hasan beis rezidencia
rom ganTavisuflebaze uari Tqva. Sedegmac daarbia. Serisxul Tavads quTaisSi gamgzavre-
ar daayovna, mTel afxazeTSi mRelvareba daiba da maior mogilianskis ukanono moqmedebis
wyo. samTavros regenti dedofali Tamaric Sesaxeb piotr gorCakovisaTvis saCivris mirT-
ki, romelsac ivan veliaminovis mxardaWera meva surda. rogorc ki mogilianskim hasan
haeriviT sWirdeboda, aRSfoTebuli darCa da beis quTaisSi gamgzavrebis gadawyvetileba
mas hasan beis ganTavisufleba sTxova. gener- Seityo, misi dapatimreba daaCqara. amasobaSi
alma dedofali daamSvida da Tanac acnoba: soxumis cixis komendantad dainiSna maiori
hasan beis afxazeTidan gavasaxleb da samTav- mixini,, romelmac guriis ajanyebis CaxSobaSi
mixini
ros marTva-gamgeobaSi igi xels veRar SegiS- gamoiCina Tavi. soxumis cixeSi mdgari same-
liso. 1821 wels hasan bei marTlac gadaasax- grelos egerTa polki egerebiT Caanacvles.
les cimbirSi, sacxovrebel adgilad mas jer
tomski, xolo Semdeg irkutski miuCines.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis
§2. ajanyeba ajxazeTSi
mmarTvelis ivan veliaminovis imedi, rom hasan
bei ServaSiZis dapatimreba da gadasaxleba af- 1. ajanyebis dawyeba da mimdinareoba.
mimdinareoba.
xazeTSi mSvidobas daamyarebda, ar gamarTl- imereTis mmarTvel piotr gorCakovis soxumi-
da. pirveli didi mRelvareba dedofal Tama- dan quTaisSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg, 1821 wlis
ris regentad gamocxadebam gamoiwvia. arc ivnisSi, afxazeTSi ruseTis winaaRmdeg ajanye-
Wkua-gonebiT da arc nebisyofiT gamorCeuli ba daiwyo. ajanyebas saTaveSi edgnen hasan
qalis regentad daniSvna afxazebma Seura- beis Zmebi da afxazeTis Tavadebi, romelTa-
cxyofad miiRes. ukmayofilebas saerTo-sax- gan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeodnen marSaniebi
alxo xasiaTi hqonda. 1821 wlis aprilis Sua da inal
inal-ifebi
ifebi.. mosaxleobaSi xma gavrcelda,
ricxvebSi imereTis mmarTveli piotr gorCa- rom hasan beis dapatimrebis gadawyvetilebis
kovi soxumSi Cavida, raTa piradad gascno- miReba dedofal Tamaris gareSe ar momxda-
386
vaxtang guruli
ra, radgan dedofals surda Tavisi ufrosi dedofalma miiCnia, rom soxumis cixeSi Tavis
SvilisaTvis, dimitrisaTvis, gaekvala gza SefarebiT igi afxazeTis mosaxleobas Ta-
taxtisaken. amitom iyo, rom ajanyebulebma, vis ususurobas daumtkicebda da gadawyvita
pirvel rigSi, samTavros regents, dedofal Tavis mamulSi, sofel kodorSi, gamgzavre-
Tamars Seuties. sofel oCamCireSi
oCamCireSi,, sadac buliyo, romelic mdinare kodoris Sesar-
dedofals mamuli hqonda, daxoces misianebi, TavTan axlos mdebareobda. sofel kodorSi
xolo sofel iloridan gaitaces dedoflis Casvlis Semdeg dedofali darwmunda, rom aq,
kuTvnili 200 cxeni. soxumis komendantma iseve, rogorc sofel lixnSi, igi Tavs mSvi-
momxdaris gamoZiebis mizniT TavisTan miiwvia dad ver igrZnobda. 1821 wlis 1 ivliss soxu-
afxazeTis cnobili Tavadebi. Tavadebi komen- mis cixis komendantma podpolkovnikma mix-
dantTan ar gamocxaddnen, xolo 1821 wlis 26 inma dedoflisagan sagangaSo ambavi Seityo.
ivniss mas SeuTvales: `ruseTis mTavrobasa dedofali komendants acnobebda, rom sofel
da dedofal Tamars manam ar daemorCilebian, kodorSi mis rezidencias rostom beis, Tair
vidre ruseTidan ar daabruneben hasan beis beis da Tavad marSanias winamZRolebiT
da ar daabruneben im nivTebs, gansakuTrebiT ajanyebulebi Semoertynen gars. dedofali
mTel afxazeTSi cnobil xmals, romelic mas saswrafod daxmarebas iTxovda, radgan darw-
dapatimrebisas waarTves“. ajanyeba gansa- munebuli iyo, rom dapatimrebis Semdeg mas da
kuTrebiT swrafad gavrcelda soxumis ok- mis Svilebs ajanyebulebi daxocavdnen. pod-
rugSi, sadac hasan beis mamuli hqonda. bzi- polkovnikma mixinma soxumis cixidan 30 ver-
fis okrugi, sadac dedofal Tamaris mamuli siT moSorebul sofelSi jaris gagzavna ar
iyo, Tavdapirvelad ajanyebulebs ar miemxro. gariska, Tumca dedoflis Txovna yurad iRo.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase swerda dedofali Tam- im droisaTvis soxumis navsadgurSi idga samx-
ari piotr gorCakovs. male dedofali darw- edro xomaldi ``konstantine
konstantine““ leitenant xomu-
munda, rom mis mamulSic simSvide ar iyo. 1821 tovis meTaurobiT. mixinma xomutovs ubrZana
wlis ivnisis bolos Tavis momxreebTan erTad dauyonebliv daZruliyo sofel kodorisaken
osmaleTidan afxazeTSi dabrunda arslan bei bei.. da gemze aeyvana dedofali Tamari SvilebiTa
arslan beim dedofal Tamars Cerqezi Suamav- da amaliTurT. xomutovma Ramis sibneliT
lebi miugzavna da mas mZevlebi da afxazeTSi isargebla, SeumCnevlad miuaxlovda mdinare
Tavisufali Sesvlis nebarTva mosTxova. am kodoris SesarTavs, iq cota xniT SeCerda da
droisaTvis dedofali soxumis cixis axlos dedofals navi gaugzavna. amis Semdeg gemi
banakSi cxovrobda. man arslan beis warmog- isev Ria zRvaSi gavida. rusebma dedofali
zavnilebi soxumis cixis komendant mixinis misi Svilebi da amalis nawili naviT mSvidobi-
TandaswrebiT miiRo. dedofalma Suamavlebs anad gamoiyvanes sofel kodoridan da gemze
ganucxada, rom mamis mkvlelis aranair wina- aiyvanes. 1821 wlis 2 ivliss gemi `konstan-
dadebas ar miiRebda da arc mis Txovnas gaiT- tine“ mSvidobianad dabrunda soxumis navsad-
valiswinebda. dedoflis momxre bzifis ok- gurSi, xomutovma dedofali da misi Tanmxle-
rugis Tavadebma da aznaurebma Suamavlebs ga- bi pirebi podpolkovnik mixins Caabara. amis
nucxades, rom isini dedofals eTanxmebodnen. Semdeg xomutovma zRvis napiris gayolebiT
miuxedavad Tavadebisa da aznaurebis aseTi ramdenjerme gacura soxumidan gagramde da
poziciisa, dedofalma Tamarma maior mixins zarbaznebidan cecxli gauxsna ajanyebulebs.
saidumlod acnoba, rom ar iyo darwmunebuli afxazeTis samTavroSi TiTqos simSvide
Tavadebis erTgulebaSi. amave dros, dedofa- Camovarda. yvela grZnobda, rom es simSvide
li maior mixins sofel lixnSi rezidenciis droebiTi iyo. dedofalma Tamarma pod-
dasacavad jaris gagzavnas sTxovda. yovelive polkovnik mixinis rCevas ar daujera, soxu-
zemoT Tqmulis Sesaxeb mixinma dauyonebliv mis cixe datova da sofel kodorSi gaemgza-
acnoba imereTis mmarTvels. vra. dedoflis gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb mixinma
soxumis cixis garnizoni, romelic sul dauyonebliv acnoba Tbiliss. TbilisSi mixin-
500 oficrisa da jariskacisagan Sedgeboda, is moxseneba miRebulic ki ar hqondaT, roca
yoveldRe eloda Tavdasxmas. amitom iyo, afxazeTSi viTareba kvlav daiZaba. arslan
rom maiorma mixinma dedofals lixnis re- bei CerqezTa razmis TanxlebiT moulod-
zidenciis dasacavad jari ver gamouyo, sam- nelad dabrunda da 1821 wlis 21 agvistos
agierod, soxumis cixeSi gadasvla SesTavaza. sofel kodoris rezidencias Semoartya alya.
387
dedoflis erTguli darCa mxolod amalis terburgidan TbilisSi 1821 wlis seqtembris
ramdenime wevri. Tavadebis didi umravlesoba bolos Camovida. daaxloebiT erTi Tve igi
arslan beis mxareze gadavida da mZevlebic TbilisSi darCa da dawvrilebiT gaecno af-
misca mas. koSkSi gamagrebuli dedofali ori xazeTis samTavroSi Seqmnil viTarebas. 1821
kvira icavda Tavs. mas Semdeg, rac dedofali wlis 21 oqtombers mTavari afxazeTSi gaemg-
Tamari darwmunda, rom yvelam miatova, xolo zavra. mas Tan mihqonda saqarTvelos samoqa-
soxumidan daxmarebis miRebis aranairi imedi laqo nawilis mmarTvelis general-leitenant
aRar arsebobda, arslan beis danebda da Tanac ivan veliaminovis proklamacia (mowodeba) af-
piroba dado, rom ruseTis xelisuflebasTan xazeTis mosaxleobisadmi. enguris marcxena
yovelgvar kavSirs gawyvetda. napirze afxazeTis mTavars piotr gorCako-
arslan beim soxumis cixes Semoartya vis saeqspedicio razmi daxvda. razmi same-
alya. imavdroulad TiTqmis afxazeTis sam- grelos egerTa polkis 6 aseulisa da egerTa
Tavros mTel teritorias daeufla da 1821 44-e polkisagan Sedgeboda. sul gorCakovis
wlis seqtembris Sua ricxvebSi mdinare Ral- daqvemdebarebaSi 600 jariskaci da oficeri,
iZgaze gamaval samurzayanos sazRvars miuax- kazakTa razmi da samegrelos milicia (sax-
lovda. samegrelos mTavarma levan dadianma alxo laSqari) iyo, romelsac levan dadiani
mtkiced gadawyvita arslan bei samurzayanoSi meTaurobda. rusebs SeiaraRebaze hqondaT 2
ar SeeSva. imereTis mmarTveli piotr gorCa- msubuqi zarbazani.
kovi mixvda, rom levan dadians Seqmnili vi- 1821 wlis 1 noembers samurzayanos sazR-
Tarebis gamoyeneba samurzayanos xelSi Casa- varze piotr gorCakovs Seatyobines, rom ar-
gdebad surda. viTareba kidev ufro daZaba slan bei 3.000 afxazi da Cerqezi mebrZoliT
iman, rom trapizonis seraskirma haji samih soflebs kodorsa da kelasurs Soris idga.
faSam ruseTis xelisuflebas ganmarteba arslan beis razmTan pirveli Sejaxeba same-
moTxova imis Taobaze, Tu ratom iyo dapatim- grelos milicias mouxda. miuxedavad imisa,
rebuli osmaleTis qveSevrdomi hasan bei. 1821 rom samegrelos miliciam marcxi ganicada,
wlis 16 seqtembers imereTis mmarTveli pi- gorCakovma winsvla gaagrZela. egerTa 44-e
otr gorCakovi ivan veliaminovs swerda, rom polkma podpolkovnik afxazis meTaurobiT
afxazeTSi ruseTis jaris Seyvana aucilebeli mowinaaRmdegis mier mowyobili ramdenime xe-
gaxdeboda. rgili gadalaxa. Cerqezebma cecxli gauxsnes
afxazeTSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi- rusebs, magram zarbaznebidan da Tofebidan
dan gamomdinare, aleqsei ermolovi ruse- sapasuxo Zlieri cecxlis Semdeg arslan beis
Tis imperiis sagareo saqmeTa ministr karl mebrZolebi gaifantnen. damarcxebuli arslan
neselrodes sTxovda daeCqarebina afxazeTis bei CerqezeTSi gadaixvewa. brZolaSi daiRupa
mTavrad damtkicebuli dimitri ServaSiZis samegrelos egerTa polkis praporSCiki bebu-
samSobloSi gamgzavreba. ivan veliaminovi da Tovi, saxelganTqmul general vasil bebuTo-
piotr gorCakovi TbilisSi dimitri Serva- vis Zma. garda bebuTovisa, brZolaSi daiRupa
SiZis Camosvlas elodebodnen, raTa igi ruse- kidev 1 oficeri da 48 jariskaci. am brZo-
Tis jarTan erTad afxazeTSi Sesuliyo. ivan lis Semdeg gorCakovis saeqspedicio razmi
veliaminovi aseve saWirod miiCnevda afxazeT- Seuferxeblad Sevida soxumSi. soxumidan sa-
Si samxedro eqspediciis gagzavnamde prokla- gangebo razmi podpolkovnik afxazis meTau-
maciiT (mowodebiT) miemarTaT afxazeTis robiT arslan beis momxre Tavad marSaniebis
samTavros mosaxleobisaTvis. proklamaciaSi dasjis mizniT webeldaSi Sevida, xolo gor-
aRniSnuli unda yofiliyo, rom ruseTis im- Cakovma ZiriTadi ZalebiT sofeli lixni dai-
peratorma afxazeTis mTavrad dimitri Serva- kava. 1821 wlis 30 noembers sofel lixnSi,
SiZe daamtkica. mosaxleobisaTvis aseve unda mTavrebis rezidenciaSi, afxazebis Tavadebis
ecnobebinaT: arslan beis mier gavrcelebuli da aznaurebis TandaswrebiT, dimitri Serva-
xmebi, rom TiTqos ruseTis imperatorma daa- SiZe sazeimod gamocxadda afxazeTis mTavrad.
dastura osmaleTis sulTnis firmani arslan gorCakovma mas gadasca xelisuflebis simbo-
beis afxazeTis mTavrad cnobis Sesaxeb, si- lo _ droSa da xmali. gorCakovma afxazeTis
crue iyo. mTavris dacvis mizniT lixnSi maior rako-
2. piotr gorCakovis pirveli samxedro cis meTaurobiT samegrelos egerTa polkis
eqspedicia afxazeTSi. dimitri ServaSiZe pe- 2 aseuli datova, xolo Tavad ZiriTadi Za-
388
vaxtang guruli
lebiT redut-kaleSi gaemgzavra. biT daavadebuli dabrunda. pirvel xanebSi

3.. viTareba afxazeTis samTavroSi mkurnalobis Semdeg misi janmrTelobis mdgo-
ajanyebis dawyebis Semdeg.
Semdeg. dimitri ServaSiZe mareoba gaumjobesda, Tumca male senma isev
susti mmarTveli gamodga. xanmokle sicocx- imZlavra da afxazeTis mTavari sawols mia-
lis ganmavlobaSi man afxazeTis samTavroSi jaWva. lixnis rezidencia sruliad Seufere-
wesrigi ver aRadgina. rogorc ki piotr gor- beli iyo mZime avadmyofis mkurnalobisaTvis.
Cakovis saeqspedicio razmma afxazeTis teri- 1822 wlis 15 oqtombers rusma oficrebma
toria datova, arslan beim afxazTa da Cer- dimitri ServaSiZe rezidenciidan rusebis
qezTa ZalebiT sofel lixnSi mTavris rezi- agebul simagreSi gadaiyvanes da soxumidan
denciis dasakaveblad daiwyo mzadeba. afxaze- eqimic gamoiZaxes. sakmao xnis ganmavlobaSi
Tis okrugis mmarTveli ali bei ServaSiZe da aucilebeli mkurnalobis gareSe darCenili
webeldeli Tavadi saraluf marSania dimitri mTavari 1822 wlis 16-17 oqtombers RamiT
ServaSiZis dasaxmareblad gaeSurnen, magram gardaicvala.
mTavari maT misvlas aRar daeloda da sox- imereTis mmarTveli piotr gorCakovi
umSi gadavida. 1822 wlis 2 Tebervals arslan SiSobda, rom dimitri ServaSiZis gardacva-
beim sofel lixnis daikaveba scada, magram lebas afxazeTSi axali areulobis dawye-
samegrelos egerTa polkis orma aseulma mas ba mohyveboda. amitom iyo, rom man sofel
sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwia da ukan daax- lixnSi ganlagebul samegrelos egerTa pol-
evina. arslan beim anapis cixes Seafara Tavi. kis or aseuls lixnSi darCena da wesrigis
SinaaSlilobis periodSi didi iyo msxverpli dacva ubrZana. afxazeTis dedofalma Tama-
orive mxridan. rma CaTvala, rom ori aseuli samTavroSi
imereTis mmarTveli piotr gorCakovi wesrigis dasacavad ar kmaroda da qveiTTa
ukmayofilo darCa imiT, rom dimitri Ser- erTi polkis gagzavna iTxova. imavdroulad,
vaSiZem sofeli lixni datova da soxums Sea- dedofalma TbilisSi erTi Tavadi da erTi
fara Tavi. 1822 wlis 13 Tebervals gorCa- aznauri miavlina, romelTac afxazeTis Ta-
kovma soxumis cixis komendant podpolkovnik vadebis, aznaurebis da saerTod mosaxleobis
mixins acnoba, rom afxazeTis mTavars dauyo- saxeliT aleqsei ermolovisaTvis afxazeTis
nebliv unda daetovebina soxumi da Tu ojax- mTavrad dimitri ServaSiZis Zmis, 16 wlis mix-
is wevrebTan erTad ara, piradad mainc gamg- eilis, damtkiceba unda eTxovaT. kavkasiis
zavrebuliyo sofel lixnSi. dimitri Serva- mTavarsardalma yuradReba miaqcia dedo-
SiZis lixnSi gadasvlas imereTis mmarTveli fal Tamaris werilSi arsebul winaaRmde-
afxazeTSi wesrigis damyarebis winapirobad gobas: erTi mxriv, dedofali mTavris rezi-
miiCnevda. gorCakovis azriT, mSiSara mTavari denciisa da ojaxis wevrebis dasacavad erTi
Tavis samflobeloSi wesrigs verasdros ver polkis gagzavnas iTxovda da, meore mxriv,
aRadgenda. imereTis mmarTveli mixins swerda, amtkicebda, rom samTavroSi wesrigi sufevs,
rom afxazeTis mTavris mier daSvebuli Sec- magram am wesrigis SesanarCuneblad mixeil
domebis gamosworebisaTvis amieridan igi rusi ServaSiZis mTavrad damtkicebaa saWiroo. mix-
jariskacebis sisxls aRar daRvrida. dimitri eil ServaSiZes dadebiTad axasiaTebda gor-
ServaSiZe iZulebuli gaxda sofel lixnSi da- Cakovi. ermolovi imereTis mmarTvels endo
brunebuliyo, Tumca afxazeTis samTavroSi da imperatoris winaSe mixeil ServaSiZis af-
mRelvareba da SinaaSliloba arc amis Semdeg xazeTis mTavrad damtkicebaze iSuamdgomla.
Sewyvetila. peterburgSi aRzrdili dimitri aleqsandr I-ma 1823 wlis 14 Tebervals mixeil
ServaSiZe srulebiT ar icnobda Tavis sam- ServaSiZe afxazeTis mTavrad daamtkica. afxa-
Soblos, ar icnobda xalxis zne-Cveulebebsa zeTis ukanaskneli mTavari mixeil ServaSiZe
da tradiciebs. Tavis rezidenciaSi Caketili samTavros 42 weli (1822-1864 ww.) marTavda.
Tavadi veraviTar gavlenas samTavros marT- axali mTavari ermolovma TbilisSi gamoiZaxa
va-gamgeobaze ver axdenda. rusi oficrebis da ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daaf-
garemocvaSi myof afxazeTis mTavars TiTqmis ica. mixeil ServaSiZes maioris samxedro wo-
yvela TanamebrZoli Camoscilda. deba eboZa.
1822 wlis agvistoSi dimitri ServaSiZe axalgazrda mTavrisaTvis Zneli gamodga
webeldis TavadebTan molaparakebis mizniT afxazeTSi wesrigis damyareba, gansakuTrebiT
soxumSi gaemgzavra, saidanac cieb-cxele- ki biZis, arslan beisa da misi mokavSireebis
389
winaaRmdeg brZola. dedofali Tamari kar- ipova. axali mRelvareba bzifis okrugSi dai-
gad xedavda Svilis uimedo mdgomareobas. wyo, mas saTaveSi Tavadi kacia marRania edga.
mTavris xelisuflebis gaZlierebis mizniT ajanyebulebma jvarze daifices, rom miuxe-
dedofali aleqsei ermolovs kvlav jaris davad naTesauri kavSirisa, sikvdilamde ibr-
gagzavnas sTxovda. kavkasiis mTavarsardalma Zolebdnen mixeil ServaSiZis winaaRmdeg. ka-
dedoflis Txovna ar daakmayofila. uariT cia marRaniam macneebi gagzavna webeldasa da
gaRizianebulma dedofalma Tamarma soxu- CerqezeTSi. mowodebas bevri gamoexmaura da
mis cixis komendants ganucxada, rom misi male ajanyebulebi didi ZalebiT (12.000 me-
Svili, afxazeTis mTavari dimitri mowamles. brZoli) sofel lixnisaken daiZrnen. mixeil
dedofali amtkicebda, rom ruseTis jaris ServaSiZem dedis, dedofal Tamaris, soxumSi
poruCik maraCevskisTan stumrobisas dimitri gamgzavreba moaswro, Tavad ki samegrelos
ServaSiZem wyali moiTxova, afxazma aznau- egerTa polkis 2 aseuliTa da 2 zarbazniT
rma urus lakvarma wyalSi sawamlavi Seuria, lixnis rezidenciaSi aRmoCnda alyaSemor-
romlis miRebidan sami dRis Semdeg mTavari tymuli. mTavars amalisagan mxolod ocd-
gardaicvala. dedis kvaldakval mixeil Ser- aorma kacma uerTgula. rezidenciis dacvas
vaSiZec amtkicebda, rom imave aznaurma misi Stabs-kapitani maraCevski xelmZRvanelobda.
mowamvlac scada. arc imxanad da arc mas maraCevskim mTavris rezidenciaze mosalod-
Semdeg dedofal Tamarsa da mixeil Serva- neli Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb 1824 wlis 7 ivniss
SiZes dimitri ServaSiZis mowamvlis damadas- Seityo da dauyonebliv moemzada Tavdacvi-
turebeli masala ar warudgeniaT. aznaurma saTvis. 9 ivniss ajanyebulebma rezidencias
urus lakvarma wayenebuli braldeba uaryo. Semoartyes alya. rezidenciaSi gamagreb-
rusma oficrebma, poruCikma maraCevskim da ulebi sasmel wyals nakadulidan iRebdnen.
praporSCikma zemcevma
zemcevma,, ganacxades, rom dimi- ajanyebulebma wylis dawyveta gadawyvites,
tri ServaSiZe gardacvalebamde ori kviriT magram uSedegod. amis Semdeg maT eklesiaSi
adre, anu savaraudo mowamvlamde 11 dRiT SeaRwies, kedlebSi saTofurebi gamoWres da
adre, ukve mZimed iyo avad. eqimma voroncov- wylis maragis Sesavsebad nakadulisaken mima-
ma daadastura, rom Tavadi cieb-cxelebiT val rusebs xocavdnen. wylis maragis Sevseba
gardaicvala. piotr gorCakovma CaTvala, rusebma veRar SeZles, ris gamoc mZime mdgo-
rom mixeil ServaSiZis, dedofal Tamarisa mareobaSi aRmoCndnen. maraCevskim gadawyvita
da saerTod, mosaxleobis damSvidebis mizniT eklesiaSi gamagrebuli ajanyebulebi daexoca.
umjobesi iqneboda mowamvlis versiisaTvis 1824 wlis 18 ivniss RamiT 35 rusi podporu-
daeWira mxari. imereTis mmarTveli aleqsei Cik zemcevis meTaurobiT eklesiaSi SeiWra da
ermolovs swerda, rom dedofal Tamarisa da iq gamagrebuli afxazebi daxoca. rusebs xe-
mixeil ServaSiZis versia mas damajereblad lidan dausxltaT mxolod ajanyebis meTauri
miaCnda. gorCakovi ermolovs aseve acno- kacia marRania. amis Semdeg afxazebs eklesiis
bebda, rom afxazeTis Tavadebisa da aznau- xelSi Cagdeba aRar ucdiaT, Tumca nakadul-
rebis azriT, aznauri urus lakvari arslan ze wylis maragis Sesavsebad mimaval rusebs
beis davalebiT moqmedebda. gorCakovma urus ukve sxva adgilebidan xocavdnen. maraCev-
lakvars sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCeni gamou- ski mixvda, rom rezidencias didxans veRar
tana, ermolovma ki ganaCeni daamtkica. urus SeinarCunebda. man soxumis cixis komendant-
lakvari sofel lixnSi, mTavris rezidenciis Tan naviT macne gagzavna da daxmarebisaTvis
win, moedanze, CamoaxrCves. samxedro gemi gamoiTxova. 1824 wlis 24 ivniss
4. ajanyebis ganaxleba.
ganaxleba. 1823 wels afxa- rusebma SeniSnes, rom afxazebma da Cerqeze-
zeTis samTavroSi kvlav grZeldeboda mRel- bma alya moxsnes da zRvis sanapirosaken ga-
vareba, drodadro areuloba seriozul xa- dainacvles. aSkara iyo, rom isini samxedro
siaTs iZenda. viTareba gansakuTrebiT mas gemTan sabrZolvelad emzadebodnen. alyis
Semdeg daiZaba, rac afxazeTSi osmaleTidan moxsniT saswrafod isargebla maraCevskim
arslan bei dabrunda. 1824 wlis aprilSi sox- da vidre zRvis sanapirodan moalyeebi dab-
umSi Seityves, rom arslan bei kodoris ok- rundebodnen, sasmeli wylis maragi Seavso.
rugis erT-erT mTian sofels afarebda Tavs. samxedro gemi soxumSi dabrunda, amis Semdeg
ruseTis saeqspedicio razmma sami mxridan soxumis cixis komendantma, kapitanma lin-
Semoartya alya sofels, magram iq veravin denfeldma veRaraferi Seityo sofel lixnSi
390
vaxtang guruli
mimdinare brZolebis Sesaxeb. komendantma razmi dauxvdaT, romelTa mxares ubixebi da

afxazeTis okrugis mmarTveli ali bei Serva- Cerqezebi ibrZodnen. rusebis dasaxmareblad
SiZe daiTanxma sofel lixnisaken wasuliyo da samegrelos miliciiT mivida mTavari levan
dawvrilebiT Seetyo, Tu ra xdeboda iq. ali dadiani. 1824 wlis 10 ivliss rusebma didi
beim SemaSfoTebeli cnobebi moitana: mTavris brZolis Semdeg kodori gadalaxes da Semdeg
rezidenciaSi gamagrebul rusebs sakvebi ubrZolvelad miaRwies sofel drandas
drandas.. dran-
gasTavebodaT da cxenebisaTvis gankuTvnili didan soxumisaken ori gza midioda: erTi tyis
simindiT ikvebebodnen; mTavari mixeil Serva- masivebis gavliT, xolo meore uSualod zRvis
SiZe acxadebda, rom Tu rusebi ar daexmare- sanapiroze. orive gza uamravi xergiliT iyo
bodnen, an sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT daas- gadaketili, reliefi xergilebisaTvis gver-
rulebda, an ajanyebulTa mxares gadavidoda. dis avlis saSualebas ar iZleoda, ris gamoc
soxumis cixis garnizoni mixeil Serva- yoveli xergilis gadalaxva rusebs SturmiT
SiZes daxmarebas ver aRmouCenda, radgan ar- uxdebodaT. rusebi uZneles mdgomareobaSi
slan beis mebrZolebi cixes garSemo adgnen da aRmoCndebodnen, rom ara sanapiros gaswvriv
SetevisaTvis emzadebodnen. cixis komendant- moZravi samxedro fregatebi. fregatebidan
ma lindenfeldma ajanyebulTa dasaSineblad gaxsinili cecxli ajanyebulebs aiZulebda
xerxs mimarTa. man cixis garnizonis nawili xergilebi mietovebinaT da ukan daxeva gae-
RamiT fregatze gadasxa da zRvaSi gaiyvana. grZelebinaT. erT-erTi ukanaskneli xergili
1824 wlis 23 ivniss fregati isev ukan mo- levan dadianis xelmZRvanelobiT samegrelos
brunda da masze myofi jariskacebi moalyeTa miliciam aiRo. ajanyebulebi daifantnen,
dasanaxavad cixeSi Sevidnen. ajanyebulebs maTi nawili ramdenime Sejaxebisas rusebma
egonaT, rom garnizonis gasaZliereblad ax- daxoces. 1824 wlis 10 ivliss ruseTis jari
ali jari iyo gamogzavnili. soxumis cixeze da samegrelos milicia soxums miuaxlovda.
Seteva ajanyebulebma gadades. sami kviris qalaqSi Sesvlamde jari iZulebuli gaxda Se-
ganmavlobaSi rusebi sofel lixnis reziden- Cerebuliyo, radgan SeuZlebeli gaxda provi-
ciis dacvas kvlav ganagrZobdnen, Tumca md- antis, zarbaznebisa da yumbarebis xmeleTze
gomareoba uimedo iyo. gadatana.
5. piotr gorCakovis meore samxedro 6. ajanyebis damarcxeba.
damarcxeba. soxumSi Sesul-
eqspedicia afxazeTSi. soxumsa da lixnSi Se- ma piotr gorCakovma Seityo, rom soxumidan
qmnili mZime viTarebis Sesaxeb dagvianebiT sofel lixnisaken zRvis sanapiroTi gadaadg-
Seityo imereTis mmarTvelma piotr gorCa- ileba kidev ufro Zneli iqneboda, radgan iq
kovma. imereTis mmarTveli quTaisidan jariT Tavmoyrili iyo afxazTa da CerqezTa serio-
redut-kalesaken daiZra. redut-kaleSi gor- zuli Zalebi. gorCakovma 800 oficeri da ja-
Cakovis daqvemdebarebaSi Tavi moiyara same- riskaci 1 zarbazniT samxedro gemze aiyvana
grelos egerTa polkis nawilma da egerTa da 1824 wlis 21 ivliss bomborasTan
bomborasTan,, sofel
44-e polkis nawilma (1.400 oficeri da ja- lixnidan 7 kilometrze, desanti gadasxa.
riskaci), romelTac SeiaraRebaze 4 savele afxazebi da Cerqezebi desantTan Sesabr-
zarbazani gaaCndaT. 1824 wlis 1 ivliss gor- Zoleblad gaemarTnen, magram samxedro gemis
Cakovi redut-kaledan soxumisaken daiZra. zarbaznebidan gaxsnilma cecxlma maT didi
im droisaTvis redut-kaledan soxumisaken zarali miayena. 23 ivliss soxumidan zRviT
saxmeleTo gza praqtikulad ar arsebobda, gorCakovis razmis darCenili nawili lixnSi
jari viwro bilikebiT moZraobda. Waobebsa gadaiyvanes. mTavris rezidenciis damcvelebi
da tyis masivebSi gadaadgilebam jari moqa- am dros umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyvnen. 24 iv-
nca. gorCakovma gadawyvita tyis masivebisa da liss gorCakovis razmma sulze miuswro re-
Waobebis Tavis aridebis mizniT uSualod zR- zidenciis damcvelebs. miuaxlovdnen Tu ara
vis sanapiroze gasuliyo. sanapirodan axlos rusebi rezidencias, Stabs-kapitanma maraCev-
micuravdnen proviantiTa da tyvia-wamliT skim garnizoni rezidenciidan gamoiyvana da
datvirTuli navebi. ajanyebulebTan pirveli gorCakovis razmis dasaxvedrad mimaval afxa-
Sejaxeba rusebs enguris gadalaxvisas moux- zebsa da Cerqezebs zurgidan daartya. ajanye-
daT. soxumisaken mimaval gzaze ajanyebulebs bulebi damarcxdnen da mTebs Seafares Tavi.
uamravi xergilis mowyoba moeswroT. mdi- gorCakovis razmma seriozuli danaklisi
nare kodorze rusebs webeldelTa Zlieri ganicada: daiRupa 6 oficeri da 222 jaris-
391
kaci. gorCakovma Stabs-kapitani maraCaevski I-ma afxazeTSi umkacresi zomebis gatarebis

bomboraSi gadaiyvana, xolo sofel lixnis mizniT sagangebo brZaneba gamosca. brZanebaSi
rezidencia gadawva. ajanyebis CaxSobis Sem- aRniSnuli iyo: CerqezebisaTvis daxmarebis
deg mniSvnelovnad gaaZlieres soxumis cixis aRmoCenisa da ruseTis jaris nawilebze Tav-
garnizoni. dasxmis SemTxvevaSi afxazebs ise moepyariT,
kavkasiis mTavarsardali aleqsei ermo- rogorc epyrobian xelisuflebis winaaRm-
lovi afxazeTs dawynarebulad ar Tvlida da deg ajanyebulebso. sasazRvro dacvis gemebs
axali damsjeli eqspediciis gagzavnas apir- miecaT brZaneba gaeCxrikaT anapidan redut-
ebda. 1824 wlis bolos arslan bei isev ga- kalemde (yulevamde) reidze mdgari osma-
moCnda afxazeTSi, ramac ermolovi damsjeli leTis yvela xomaldi, da Cxrekis Sedegebis
eqspediciis gagzavnis aucileblobaSi kidev mixedviT gaetarebinaT Semdegi RonisZiebani:
ufro daarwmuna. sabednierod, Crdilo kavka- 1. gemebi, romlebzec aRmoCndeboda Seiara-
siaSi ruseTs viTareba gaurTulda, daiZaba Reba da sabrZolo saWurveli, enda daekave-
urTierToba iranTanac. yovelive amis gamo binaT da am gemebs unda moqceodnen, rogorc
afxazeTSi morigi damsjeli eqspediciis gag- samxedro nadavls; 2. gemebi, romlebic uars
zavna gadaido. ityodnen Cxrekis Catarebaze, unda daekavebi-
naT da maTac iseve unda mopyrobodnen, ro-
gorc samxedro nadavls; 3. gemebisaTvis, rom-
lebzec SeiaraReba da sabrZolo saWurveli
§3. ruseTis imperiis damkvidreba afxazeTSi
ar aRmoCndeboda, vaWrobaSi xeli ar unda
(1830 w.) SeeSalaT, Tumca maTze mkacri meTvalyure-
ruseT-osmaleTis omis damTavrebisTa- oba unda dawesebuliyo. garda amisa, gatarda
nave, 1829 wels, kavkasiis mTavarsardal- kidev ramdenime RonisZieba. soxumis cixis
ma ivan paskeviCma gadawyvita gadamWreli komendants kapitan Jilins daevala mkacrad
RonisZiebebi gaetarebina afxazeTSi ruseTis edevnebina Tvalyuri osmaleTidan afxazeTSi
sabolood damkvidrebisaTvis. erT-erT Tavis CamosulebisaTvis da gaerkvia, ra urTierTo-
moxsenebaSi kavkasiis mTavarsardali aRniS- ba hqondaT maT afxazebTan.
navda: marTalia, afxazeTi ruseTis imperiis ruseTis xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli
qveSevrdomobaSi imyofeba, magram Zarcva- RonisZiebebi savsebiT sakmarisi iyo imisaTvis,
glejas miCveuli misi mosaxleoba mxolod rom ruseTisadmi isedac arakeTilganwyobil
da mxolod afxazeTis mTavars emorCileba da afxazebSi mRelvareba dawyebuliyo. 1830 wlis
ruseTis xelisufelbis mimarT ukiduresad maisis bolos stambolidan afxazeTSi Camov-
arakeTilganwyobiliao. paskeviCs afiqrebda ida haji suleiman faSa da sofel souqsus
is, rom mosaxleobis aseTi ganwyobilebiT (lixnis) mcxovreblebs sulTnis gamogzavnili
kargad sargeblobda osmaleTi. osmalebi af- firmani waukiTxa, rac sakmarisi aRmoCnda im-
xazebs amaragebdnen iaraRiTa da tyvia-wam- isaTvis, rom afxazebs iaraRi aesxaT. rusebis
liT, xolo maTi agentebi mosaxleobas ruse- winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad 3.000 afxazi Sei-
Tis winaaRmdeg ajanyebisaken mouwodebdnen. kriba. ajanyebul afxazebs saTaveSi edga mix-
osmaleTis sulTani fulsa da saCuqrebs ar eil ServaSiZis biZa tair bei ((qeleS
qeleS mehmed bei
iSurebda Tavadebisa da aznaurebis mosyid- ServaSiZis vaJi).
vaJi). tair beim daxmarebisaTvis
visaTvis. osmaleTis antirusuli saqmianoba mimarTa webeldel Tavadebs. qeleS mehmed bei
afxazeTSi gansakuTrebiT 1830 wels gaZli- ServaSiZis meore vaJi rusebisadmi keTilgan-
erda. sulTani eswrafoda afxazebi ruseTisa- wyobili hasan bei ServaSiZe
ServaSiZe,, romelic didi
gan Seviwroebuli Cerqezebis dasaxmareblad gavleniT sargeblobda soxumsa da mis Semoga-
gamoeyenebina. gaxSirda afxazTa SeiaraRe- renSi, yovelnairad cdilobda win aRdgomoda
buli razmebis Tavdasxmebi afxazeTSi ganla- ajanyebas. ajanyebulebma hasan beis ar mous-
gebul ruseTis jaris saguSagoebze. rusebs mines. seqmnil viTarebaSi sruliad ususuri
eWvi gauCndaT, rom afxazeTis mTavari mixeil Canda afxazeTis mTavari mixeil ServaSiZe,
ServaSiZe,, Tavadebi da aznaurebi Cerqezebi-
ServaSiZe romelsac Tavadebisa da aznaurebis umravle-
saTvis seriozuli daxmarebis aRmosaCenad soba mTavradac ki ar cnobda. savsebiT cxadi
emzadebodnen. viTareba imdenad daiZaba, rom iyo, rom ruseTis jaris mxardaWeris gareSe
1830 wels ruseTis imperatorma nikolai mixeil ServaSiZe mTavris xelisuflebas saer-
392
vaxtang guruli
Tod dakargavda. efendi SeSinda da eqvsive gemi sujuk-kales

haji suleiman faSas afxazeTSi Camosvlis navsadguridan gaiyvana.
Semdeg dawyebuli ajanyeba sul ufro saSiSi Seqmnili viTarebis analizis Semdeg ru-
xdeboda. safrTxe emuqreboda rusebis mTavar seTis xelisufleba darwmunda, rom afxazeT-
dasayrden soxums, safrTxis qveS iyo mixeil Si movlenebi maTTvis arasasiamovnod ganvi-
ServaSiZisa da rusuli orientaciis isedac Tarebuliyo. viTarebas amZimebda isic, rom
mcirericxovani Tavadebis sicocxle. mdgo- hasan bei ServaSiZe soxums didxans veRar da-
mareoba ixsna hasan bei ServaSiZis gabedulma icavda. general-maiori karl hesse afxazeTis
moqmedebam, risi wyalobiTac rusebma dam- razmis meTaurad dainiSna da umokles vadaSi
atebiTi Zalebis mosvlamde soxumi Seinar- sabrZolo moqmedebebis dawyeba ebrZana. gen-
Cunes. kavkasiis mTavarsardalma gadamWreli erali hesse brZolis dawyebas 1830 wlis 20
RonisZiebebi gaatara osmaleTsa da afxaze- ivnisisaTvis gegmavda, magram redut-kaleSi
Tis samTavros Soris yovelgvari kavSiris afxazeTis razmis Tavmoyra mxolod 20 ivnisi-
aRkveTisaTvis: 1. soxumis yureSi leitenant saTvis damTavrda. karl hesses iseT terito-
vlasevis meTaurobiT patrulireba daiwyes riaze uxdeboda laSqrobis dawyeba, romlis
12-zarbaznianma brigebma (oranZianma gemebma) bunebriv geografiul pirobebs ar icnobda.
òrfeosma
orfeosma~~ da ``pegasma
pegasma~. 2. afxazeTis sana- ruseTis xelisuflebas Zalze miaxloebiTi
piros gaswvriv, ufro zustad, redut-kale- cnobebi hqonda afxazeTis samTavros Ses-
dan anapamde(260 italiuri milis sigrZeze) I axeb. am cnobebis mixedviT, abJivas okrugSi
rangis kapitan-leitenant paniutinis meTau- 18 sofeli da 1750 komli iyo aRricxuli,
robiT mudmivad mimodioda 20-zarbazniani soxumis okrugSi _ 15 sofeli da 1350 komli,
brigi ``merkuri
merkuri~da
~da 8-zarbazniani liugeri bzifis okrugSi _ 33 sofeli da 3.120 komli.
`Siroki
Siroki~. ~. afxazeTis sanapiro patrulirebi- am 66 sofelSi daaaxloebiT 12.000 mebrZolis
saTvis sakmaod rTuli iyo, amitom iyo, rom Sekribeboda. garda amisa, 8.000 mebrZolis
paniutinma liuger `Sirokis~ ubrZana pa- gamoyvana webeldasa da samurzayanodan iyo
trulireba gaewia zRvis sanapiros 73-mili- SesaZlebeli. am raodenobis samxedro Zala
ani zolisaTvis redut-kaledan biWvinTamde
biWvinTamde,, ruseTisaTvis did saSiSroebas ar warmoad-
xolo TviTon paniutini brig `merkuriT~ pa- genda, ufro saSiSi iyo jaris gadaadgilebi-
trulirebas uwevda zRvis sanapiros biWvin- saTvis sruliad uvargisi gzebi, romelTac
Tidan anapamde.
anapamde. 1830 wlis 13 maiss paniutinma xSirad wyaluxvi mdinareebi kveTda. am gzebze
sujuk-kales
sujuk kales (dRevandeli novorosiiskis) zarbaznebis gadatana TiTqmis SeuZlebeli
reidze mdgari savaWro gemi SeniSna. kapitan- iyo, Wirda proviantis tarebac. viTarebas ar-
leitenantma gemebis mflobel amasiel vaWar Tulebda isic, rom aseve uvargisi iyo afxaze-
haji ahmed efendis ubrZana dauyovnebliv Tis sazRvrebamde misasvleli gzebic. imxanad
daetovebina navsadguri. haji axmed efendim afxazeTamde sami gza midioda: 1.
1.redut-kale-
redut-kale-
paniutins ganucxada, rom arc navsadgurisa dan zRvis napir-napir soxumamde
soxumamde.. am gzaze
da arc afxazeTis sanapiros teritoria ru- jari Zalze nela Tu imoZravebda; 2. anakliis
seTs ar ekuTvnis, xolo afxazeTis mmarTve- cixidan mdinare enguris xeobis ayolebiT da
lad sulTnis saxeliT daniSnuli iyo ahmed zugdididan isev enguris xeobis ayolebiT. es
faSa,, romelic gelenjikis axlos cxovrobda.
faSa gzebi sofel nabakevTan erTdeboda, saidanac
haji ahmed efendim isic dasZina, rom afxaze- jars soflebis: gudavis, iloris, moqvis, dran-
Tis sanapiros Taobaze araferi iyo naTqvami dis _ gavliT SeiZleboda zRvis sanapiroze
ruseT-osmaleTis buqarestis sazavo xelSek- gasvla da soxumamde miRweva. es gza, marTa-
rulebaSi (1812 w.) da, amdenad, Tu rusebi lia, ZiriTadad, vake adgilebze miemarTebo-
Zalas ixmardnen, osmalebi Tavs daicavdnen. da, magram Zalian daWaobebuli da tyiani iyo.
paniutini brZolisaTvis moemzada, amaso- 3. zugdididan enguris zemowelis ayolebiT
baSi dabindda, qari Cadga da rusebis brigma sofel saberiomde midioda, Semdeg soflebis:
swarfi manevrirebis saSualeba dakarga. brig- cxiris, skortalis, urTas da Cilous gavliT
ma `merkurma~ sujuk-kales reidi datova da mdinare gulrifSis zRvasTan SeerTebis adg-
sibneleSi sanapiros romeliRac navmisadgoms ilamde eSveboda. es gza tyiT dafarul mTian
miadga. diliT paniutinma brigi isev zRvaSi adgilebSi midioda, ris gamoc zarbaznebis
gaiyvana da manevrireba daiwyo. haji ahmed gadatana gaZneldeboda. soxumidan gagramde
393
ori gza miemarTeboda, romlebic TavisTavad brigebi ``pegasi

pegasi~~ da òrfeosi
òrfeosi~,~, navi `diana
`diana~da
~da
ramdenime gzad iyofoda. samxedro xomaldi ``molnia
molnia~.
~. meTauri Tavisi
general-maior karl hesses afxaze- StabiT da 30 jariskaciT nav `dianaSi~ mo-
Tis razmSi Sedioda: egerTa 44-e polkis 2 Tavsda. am laSqrobaSi rusebTan erTad monaw-
batalioni (1249 oficeri da jariskaci), same- ileobdnen Tavadi rostom inalifa da aznau-
grelos egerTa polkis 2 aseuli (596 ofic- ri kacia marRania.
marRania.
eri da jariskaci), 21-e saartilerio briga- karl hesse varaudobda, rom gagraSi
dis 2 msubuqi zarbazani, 4 samTo zarbazani, 1830 wlis 7 ivliss Sevidoda, magram pirqa-
kavkasiis menaRmeTa 0,5 aseuli (98 oficeri da ris gamo mxolod 8 ivliss miaRwia gagraSi.
jariskaci), donis kazakTa me-6 polkis 1 aseu- hessem swrafad gadasxa jari, ise, rom Cerqe-
li. razms SeiaraRebaze gaaCnda: 180.733tyvia, zebis misvlamde sanapiro zoli daikava. amis
zarbaznis 580 yumbara, Tan ki mihqonda 296 Semdeg generalma polkovnik pacovskis ubr-
gasaSleli karavi da 399 tomara provianti. Zana, saswrafod daekavebina gagris monasteri
karl hesses razms mxars uWerda msubuqi es- da mdinare gagrifSas napirze gamagrebuliyo.
kadra, romelic 4 samxedro, 5 satransporto monastris garSemo xSiri tye iyo. Sevidnen Tu
da 10 savaWro gemisagan Sedeboda. satvirTo ara rusebi tyeSi, Cerqezebma Zlieri cecxli
da savaWro gemebi jaris gadasayvanad da pro- gaxsnes. mdgomareoba brigebidan gaxsnilma
viantis gadasazidad iyo gankuTvnili. samx- saartilerio cecxlma ixsna. mdinare gagr-
edro eskadris meTauri iyo kapitan-leiten- ifSas orive napirze ganlagebuli gagra Tav-
anti sterlingovi
sterlingovi.. 1830 wlis 1 ivliss ja- dacviTi brZolisaTvis metad mouxerxebeli
riTa da proviantiT datvirTuli satvirTo iyo. hesses brZanebiT, dauyovnebliv daiwyo
da savaWro gemebi redut-kaledan soxumi- TavdacviTi zRudeebis mowyoba. 1830 wlis
saken daiZrnen, sadac 2 ivliss Cavidnen. sox- 11-12 ivliss RamiT da 12 ivliss Cerqezebma
umTan jari dabanakda da kazakebs daeloda. samjer Seuties gagras, magram samjerve ukan
imave dRes saRamos soxumTan saxmeleTo gziT daixies. afxazeTis CrdiloeTis sazRvarze
redut-kaledan gasuli kazakebi mividnen. maT ruseTis jaris gamoCenam Zalze SeaSfoTa
Tan mihyvnen afxazeTis mTavris mixeil Serva- mamismkvleli arslan bei ServaSiZe
ServaSiZe,, romelic
SiZis biZaSvilebi hasan bei da ali bei. soxumSi male stambolSi gaiqca.
Sesuli generali hesse Sexvda afxazeTis qvriv gagrasTan miRweuli warmatebis Semdeg
dedofal Tamars
Tamars.. dedofalma Tamarma gener- karl hessem sofel souqsus (lixni) mimar-
als acnoba, rom gavrcelebuli xmebis mixed- TulebiT daiZra. razmis nawili da mTeli
viT, biWvinTis mflobelma Tavadma fedoryva tvirTi hessem maior poliakovis meTaurobiT
inal ifam Cerqezebis razmiT sofeli souqsu gagraSi datova. 1830 wlis 13 ivliss saRamos
(lixni) gaZarcva. 1830 wlis 5 ivliss hessem hesse 44-e egerTa polkis 1 batalioniT, same-
daadgina, rom Cerqezebis didi razmi inali- grelos egerTa polkis 2 aseuliT, kazakTa
fas meTaurobiT bzifis xeobis soflebis 1 aseuliT (1531 oficeri da jariskaciT) 2
ajanyebas da soxumze galaSqrebas gegmavda. msubuqi zarbazniT, 3 samTo zarbazniTa da 2
karl hessem gadawyvita, saswrafod daekave- mortiriT zRvis sanapiros gayolebiT souq-
bina souqsu da biWvinTa, raTa inalifasaTvis susaken daiZra. saRamos razmma mdinare gumis-
bzifis xeobis soflebis mimxrobis gegma Cae- Tas miaRwia da dabanakda. 14-16 ivliss razmma
Sala. soxumidan gagrisaken mimavali gza sul 25 versi gaiara da sofel bobmoridan rusebis
50 versisa iyo, magram jaris gadaadgilebi- Sesaxvedrad gamosul mixeil ServaSiZes Sex-
saTvis metad rTuli. generalma hessem razmi vda. bomboras souqsumde, sadac mTavris re-
orad gayo: razmis erTi nawili (egerTa 44-e zidencia iyo, sul 2,5 versi aSorebda. imav-
polkis 1 batalioni, menaRmeTa razmi, 1 samTo droulad zRvaSi, mdinare gudavas Cadinebis
zarbazani da 1 zarbazani soxumis garnizoni- adgilas, Ruza CauSva ruseTis flotma. Tu
dan) man zRviT gagzavna da gagris dakaveba rusebi mdinare gudavas kalapots ahyvebod-
ubrZana; meore nawili, romelSic hesse imy- nen, ramdenime saaTSi souqsus miaRwevdnen.
ofeboda, souqsus gavliT biWvinTisaken gae- general-maior karl hesses aseTma swrafma da
marTa. gagris dakavebis Semdeg rusebma jari gabedulma moqmedebam biWvinTis mflobeli
proviantis 10 dRis maragiT gemebze `bugsa`bugsa~~ Tavadi fedoryva inalifa SeaSina. igi gen-
da ùspexze
ùspexze~~ gadasxes. am gemebs icavdnen eral hesses eaxla da morCileba gamoucxada.
394
vaxtang guruli
general hesses wasvlis Semdeg Cerqezebi paskeviCi miiCnevda, rom jaris es rfaodenoba
gagras ramdenjerme daesxnen Tavs. ruseb- sakmarisi iyo rogorc samTavros SigniT wes-
ma yvela Seteva moigeries. moulodnelad rigis dasacavad, ise mTielTa Tavdasxmebis
adlerTan osmaleTis ori xomaldi gamoCnda. mosagerieblad.
maiorma poliakovma maT Sesaxvedrad brigi
`pegasi~ gagzavna. 1830 wlis 14 ivliss, dilis
7 saaTze, zarbaznebidan gaxsnili cecxlis mx- §4. samurzayano da webelda XIX saukunis 10-50-
ardaWeriT osmalebma gagraze Seteva daiwyes, ian wlebSi
romelic dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme gan-
1. samurzayano. 1810 wlidan afxazeTis
meorda. brZolebi 15 ivlisamde grZeldeboda.
samTavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
maiorma poliakovma hesses daxmareba sTxova.
iyo, xolo Ggiorgi ServaSiZe _ afxazeTis
17 ivliss hessem gagraSi samegrelos qveiTi
mTavari, magram samTavros marTva-gamgeoba-
polkis 1 aseuli gagzavna. imavdroulad hes-
Si bevri araferi Secvlila. afxazeTis sam-
sem CerqezebTan mosalaparakeblad samurzay-
Tavros nawils warmoadgenda samurzayano
samurzayano,,
anoeli Tavadi Temuryva anCabaZe gagzavna.
romelsac ServaSiZeTa samTavros saxlis war-
generali karl hesse sofel soufsuSi
moamadgeneli ganagebda. samurzayanos pirve-
sami dRe SeCerda, jari daasvena, sursaTisa
li mflobeli murzayan ServaSiZe iyo. 1813
da proviantis maragi Seivso da biWvinTisaken
wels bediaSi mokles samurzayanos mflo-
gaemarTa. 1830 wlis 21 ivliss diliT rusebi
beli manuCar ServaSiZe,
ServaSiZe, romelsac darCa ori
biWvnTaSi Sevidnen. maiorma poliakovma hess-
Svili, aleqsandre da dimitri
dimitri.. samegrelos
es acnoba, rom 17 ivliss Cerqezebma isev Seu-
mTavari levan dadiani aleqsandresa da dimi-
ties biWvinTas, Seteva gaimeores 18 ivlissac.
tris biZa (dedis Zma) iyo. levan V dadianma
biWvinTaSi karl hessesTan gamocxadda Tavadi
naTesauri kavSiriT isargebla, aleqsandre da
Temuryva anCabaZe da Tan moiyvana ori Tavadi
dimitri ServaSiZeebi Seifara da samurzaya-
anCabaZeTa sagvareulodan. Tavadebma ruse-
nos xelSi Cagdebas Seecada. 1829 wels ale-
Tis imperatoris erTgulebaze daifices, ma-
qsandre ServaSiZe srulwlovani gaxda, magram
gram mZevlebis micema ar isurves.
ruseTis xelisuflebis meSveobiT levan da-
amrigad, 1830 wlis ivlisSi general-
dianma misi cimbirSi gadasaxleba moaxerxa.
maiorma karl hessem afxazeTis TiTqmis yvela
aleqsandre ServaSiZes gadasaxlebis adg-
mniSvnelovani strategiuli punqti daikava,
ilamde ar CauRwevia, gzaSi gardaicvala.
Tumca mTavris xelisufleba afxazeTSi kvlav
dimitri ServaSiZe 1832 wels levan dadianma
rCeboda da rusuli mmarTvelobac am drois-
moakvlevina. amdenad, levan dadiani samurza-
aTvis ar damyarebula
damyarebula..
yanos mflobelic gaxda, xolo ruseTis xe-
1830 wels afxazeTSi ruseTis seriozuli
lisuflebam samurzayano oficialurad cno
samxedro Zala iqna Tavmoyrili: gagraSi gan-
samegrelos samTavros nawilad. 1815 wels
lagda egerTa 44-e polkis 1 batalioni, same-
levan dadianis TxovniT, saqarTvelos mTa-
grelos egerTa polkis 1 aseuli da menaRmeTa
varsardalma nikolai rtiSCevma xeli moawera
razmi; biWvinTaSi _ samegrelos egerTa pol-
samegrelos mTavris mier Sedgenil mowode-
kis 1 aseuli; souqsuSi _ egerTa 44-e polkis
bas samurzayanos mosaxleobisadmi. mowo-
1 batalioni, kazakTa razmi 2 msubuqi qvemex-
deba levan dadianis saxeliT gamoqveynda.
iT; bomboraSi _ egerTa 44-e polkis Stabi.
masSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom samegrelos mTa-
soxumsa da gagras Soris mudmivi kavSiris
vari samurzayanos marTva-gamgeobas saqa-
arsebobis mizniT dawesda saguSagoebi: sox-
rTvelos mTavarsardal nikolai rtiSCevis
umSi (10 kazaki da 10 milicieli), dRevandeli
davalebiT Seudga. samurzayanos Tavadebi da
axali aTonis mRvimesTan (10 kazaki da 10 mi-
aznaurebi levan dadians ar daemorCilnen.
licieli), mdinare bzifis marcxena napirze,
1827 wels saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma ivan
(1 oficeri, 50 qveiTi jariskaci, 5 kazaki
paskeviCma samurzayanoSi jari gagzavna, raTa
da 5 milicieli); gagrSi (5 kazaki da 15 mil-
iqauri Tavadebi da aznaurebi samegrelos
icieli). ruseTis samxedro flotidan TiTo
mTavris morCilebaSi moeyvana. samurzayanos
gemi darCa gagraSi, biWvinTasa da soxumSi.
samegrelos mTavris mflobelobaSi darCe-
gagrasa da biWvinTaSi ruseTis jaris laza-
nas mxars uWerda saqarTvelos mTavrsar-
reTi moewyo. kavkasiis mTavarsardali ivan
dali grigori rozenic (1831-1837)
(1831-1837). amrigad,
395
samurzayanoze samegrelos mTavris xelisu- SeinarCuna gvarovnul-Temobrivi mmarTvelo-

flebis gavrcelebaSi ruseTis xelisufleba bis wesebi. webeldis pristavs mxolod simS-
aqtiurad monawileobda. miuxedavad ruse- vidisa da wesrigis SenarCuneba evaleboda.
Tis xelisuflebis mxardaWerisa, samegrelos ase Caeyara safuZveli afxazeTis samTavros
mTavrebma samurzayano ver daimorCiles, Si- am nawilSi samxedro-saxalxo mmarTvelobas.
mmarTvelobas.
naaSliloba dausruleblad grZeldeboda. baTali bei marSaniam CrdiloeT kavkasias
1840 wels kavkasiis mTavarsardalma evgeni go- Seafara Tavi. 1845 wlamde igi gamudmebiT
lovinma (1837-1842) samurzayano samegrelos Tavs esxmoda afxazeTSi ganlagebul ruseTis
mTavars CamoarTva, magram afxazeTis mTavars jars, romelic soxumidan yubanispireTisak-
ki ar daubruna, aramed misi marTva-gamgeoba en mimaval gzas icavda. rusebis winaaRmdeg
rus pristavs Caabara. samegrelos mTavarma es ganuwyveteli brZoliT daRlilma baTali
gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra da samurzayanos bei marSaniam ruseTis xelisuflebasTan mo-
dabruneba moiTxova. igi, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu laparakeba daiwyo. kavkasiis mefisnacvalma
samurzayanos ar daubrunebdnen, fulad anaz- mixail voroncovma mas webeldaSi dabrunebis
Raurebas iTxovda. evgeni golovinis mmarT- ufleba misca. 1854 wels mas rusebma maioris
velobis wlebSi es sakiTxi ar gadawyda. 1845 samxedro wodeba uboZes. baTali beis ruseTis
wels kavkasiis mefisnacval mixeil voronco- xelisuflebasTan SerigebaSi didi wvlili mi-
vis Suamdgomlobis Semdeg samegrelos mTa- uZRoda afxazeTis mTavar mixeil ServaSiZes.
varma samurzayanos sanacvlod 25.000 maneTi miuxedavad amis,a, baTali bei mixeil ServaSiZ-
miiRo. es pativs ar scemda da mudmivi dava hqonda
2. webelda. afxazeTis samTavros kidev masTan teritoriisaTvis. baTali bei cdilob-
erT nawils warmoadgenda webelda
webelda.. webelda da webeldis sazRvrebi gaefarToebina, rac
Tavad marSaniebis samflobelo iyo. webel- miuRebeli iyo mixeil ServaSiZisTvis. rusebi
dis mflobelma baTali bei marSaniam saqarT- baTali bei marSanias did damsaxurebad miiC-
velos mTavarsardal grigori rozens webel- nevdnen imas, rom ruseTis winaaRmdeg xuT-
dis damorCilebaSi didi daxmareba aRmouCi- wliani brZolis Semdeg webeldis mosaxleoba
na. SemdegSi baTali bei rusebs gadaudga da mainc damorCilda. baTali bei did daxmare-
1840 wels webelda da dalis xeoba rusebs bas uwevda webeldaSi Casul rus moxeleebsa
aujanya. ruseTis jarma polkovnik murav- da samxedroebs. man rusebisTvis jer kidev
iovis xelmZRvanelobiT ajanyeba sastikad ucnob maruxis uReltexilze gadaiyvana rusi
CaaxSo. ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg ruseTis vice-admirali serebriakovi
serebriakovi.. rusebisaTvis
xelisuflebam webelda baTali bei marSanias aRmoCenili daxmarebis gamo Crdilo kavkasiis
CamoarTva da igi calke sapristaod gamoyo. xalxebma baTali bei SeiZules. maruxis uRel-
webeldis pristavi afxazeTSi mdgar ruse- texils miaxlovebuli baTali bei atirebu-
Tis jaris sardals daeqvemdebara. webeldis la da aseTi sityvebi warmouTqvams: ài ras
sapristaos marTva-gamgeoba, adaT
adaT-wesebsa
wesebsa da moveswari me, urwmunoebi mimyavs im adgile-
samxedro princips, daemyara. mosaxleobam bSi, sadac maT fexi jer kidev ar daudgamT~.
396
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XXI. ruseT-iranis 1826-1828 wlebis omi da saqarTvelo
irani da osmaleTi ar Serigebian ruseTis saqmeTa ministr karl neselrodes winaswar

imperiis mier qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis afrTxilebda: abas mirza borotmoqmedia da
dapyrobas. maT maleve scades samxreT kavka- Tu ruseTi mas iranis taxtis memkvidred
siaSi poziciebis dabruneba. 1804-1813 wlebSi cnobs, amiT borotebis Cadenis saSuale-
mimdinare ruseT-iranis omSi ruseTma araTu bas gaumravlebso. miuxedavad aseTi mkafio
qarTl-kaxeTis ukve dapyrobili teritoria poziciisa, peterburgSi ermolovis Sexed-
SeinarCuna, aramed damarcxebul irans gu- ulebas ar iziarebdnen. aleqsandr I-ma abas
lisTanis zaviT (1813 w.) samxreT kavkasiaSi ax- mirza iranis taxtis memkvidred cno. ermo-
ali teritoriebic daaTmobina. revanSi verc lovi amjeradac pirdapir acxadebda, abas
osmaleTma aiRo. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 mirzas am qmedebiT ruseTi wamgebian pozi-
wlebis omSi osmaleTma kavkasiis frontze ciaSi aRmoCndebao, rac savsebiT swori iyo.
marcxi iwvnia da iZulebuli gaxda buqarestis ruseTis imperatorisagan taxtis memkvidred
zaviT (1812 w.) imereTis, guriis, samegrelosa aRiarebiT abas mirzam poziciebi gaimagra da
da afxazeTis ruseTis mflobelobaSi gadas- misTvis damaxasiaTebeli SeupovrobiT kvlav
vla eRiarebina. miuxedavad gancdili marcxi- gaagrZela brZola gulisTanis zaviT ruse-
sa, irani da osmaleTi imeds ar kargavdnen, Tis mflobelobaSi gadasuli teritoriebis
rom samxreT kavkasiidan ruseTis gandevnas dasabruneblad. iranis taxtis memkvidrem ru-
SeZlebdnen. Tavis mxriv, ruseTis imperias seTTan omSi upirveles mokavSired inglisi
Sorsmimavali dapyrobiTi gegmebi hqonda da, dasaxa. inglisi, cxadia, dainteresebuli iyo
cxadia, ukve miRweulis daTmobas ar apireb- xeli SeeSala iranis gavliT indoeTSi ru-
da. ruseT-iranisa da ruseT-osmaleTis omebi seTis gaWrisaTvis. abas mirzam inglisisagan
gardauvali gaxda. didi raodenobiT fuli miiRo da dauyone-
bliv Seudga jaris gaZlierebas. man Camoay-
aliba ramdenime regularuli polki, Seqmna
saartilerio nawilebi. inglisis daxmarebiT
§1. ruseT-iranis urTierToba omis win iranSi amoqmedda liTonCamomsxmeli sawar-
moebi, rac aucilebeli iyo zarbaznebisa da
1804-1813 wlebis omebSi marcxis miuxe- sxva SeiaraRebis dasamzadeblad. ingliseli
davad, iranis Sahma feThi alim (baba xanma) specialistebis daxmarebiT daiwyo evropu-
gulisTanis zavis (1813 w.) ratifikacia ar li tipis cixe-siamgreebis mSenebloba. male
moaxdina da yvelanairad cdilobda zavis irans omisaTvis mzad hyavda regularuli
Tanaxmad ruseTis mflobelobaSi gadasuli jaris 30 batalioni, iranis jaris artile-
teritoriebi, maT Soris istoriuli War- ria 100 zarbazans iTvlida. abas mirza amis
belaqani (saingilo), ukan daebrunebina. mo- Semdegac zrdida regularul jars. misi br-
laparakebebma Sedegi ver gamoiRo. ruseT- ZanebiT jarSi momTabare tomebis mamakacebic
iranis urTierToba verc aleqsei ermolovis ki gaiwvies. abas mirzam kargad icoda, rom,
iranSi diplomatiuri misiiT Casvlam (1817 w.) miuxedavad gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa, ru-
moagvara. ermolovi savsebiT sworad askvni- seTTan omi irans jer-jerobiT ar SeeZlo.
da, rom ruseT-iranis omi gardauvali iyo. amitom iyo, rom igi mezobel xalxebTan mc-
1. iranis mzadeba omisaTvis. 1818 wlis ire masStabis omebiT iyo dakavebuli. 1818
zafxulSi, rodesac saqarTvelos mTavarsar- wels abas mirzas omi hqonda avRanelebTan,
dali aleqsei ermolovi Crdilo kavkasiaSi xolo Semdeg qurTebTan. 1822 wels iranma
imyofeboda da cixe-simagre groznaias mSene- omi daiwyo osmaleTis winaaRmdeg. abas mirzam
blobiT iyo dakavebuli, peterburgSi mehmed isargebla imiT, rom am droisaTvis osmaleTs
hasan xanis xelmZRvanelobiT iranis elCoba omi hqonda balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze da
Cavida. elCobis oficialur mizezad ruse- iranis sazRvarTan osmalTa seriozuli Zala
Tis imperatorisaTvis saCuqrebis mirTmeva ar iyo ganlagebuli. ramdenime warmatebuli
gamocxadda. sinamdvileSi, mehmed hasan xans sabrZolo operaciis Semdeg abas mirzam imave
unda mieRwia imisaTvis, rom ruseTis impera- wels osmaleTTan omi Sewyvita.
tors abas mirza iranis taxtis memkvidred 1818 wels ruseTis imperiis sagareo
ecno. ermolovma ruseTis imperiis sagareo
397
saqmeTa saministrom TeiranSi ruseTis rw- bda. amjerad molaparakeba warmatebiT das-
munebulad kolegiis mrCeveli semion maz- rulda da 1825 wlis 28 marts xelSekruleba-
aroviCi daniSna. diplomatiur misiaSi sxvebT- sac moaweres xeli. xelSekrulebis mixedviT,
an erTad imyofeboda aleqsandr griboedovi
griboedovi.. iranis mflobelobaSi gadavida yarabaRisa
mazaroviCis diplomatiuri misia male Teira- da TaliSis saxanoebis nawili, ruseTs dar-
nidan TavrizSi gadavida, radgan ruseT- Ca gogCis tbis sanapiro raionebi. xelSek-
Tan sasazRvro sakiTxebis garkveva Sahisagan rulebis ratifikacias TiTqos xels araferi
TavrizSi myof abas mirzas hqonda mindobili. uSlida, Tumca es imedi ar gamarTlda. abas
abas mirzam mazaroviCs pirdapir ganucxada, mirzas karze gardacvlili mirza bizirugis
rom irani TaliSisa da yarabaRis saxanoebis nacvlad didi gavlena moipova mirza mehTim,
mehTim,
dabrunebas iTxovda. abas mirza ar malavda romelmac abas mirzas urCia, rom TbilisSi
ruseTisadmi mtrul damokidebulebas. man xelmowerili xelSekrulebis ratifikacia ar
aleqsandre batoniSvili yarabaRis saxanos moexdinaT.
sazRvarTan daasaxla, xolo TaliSis saxano
pavel cicianovis mkvlels, husein yuli xans,
uboZa. aleqsandre batoniSvilsa da husein
yuli xans yarabaRisa da TaliSis saxanoebis
mosaxleoba ruseTis winaaRmdeg unda aejanye-
binaT. iranidan TaliSisa da yarabaRis saxa-
nos teritoriaze gamudmebiT Sediodnen ya-
CaRTa razmebi, romlebic Zarcvavdnen isedac
mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnil mosaxleobas.
am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda erevanSi
myofi iraneli sardali.
aleqsei ermolovi cdilobda wesri-
gi daemyarebina gulisTanis zaviT ruseTis
mflobelobaSi gadasul iranuli saxanoebis
teritoriaze. 1822 wlis 29 dekembers man wer-
ili gaugzavna abas mirzas da iranis terito-
riidan ruseTis sazRvrebSi yaCaRTa razmebis
Sesvlis aRkveTa mosTxova.
2. iranTan urTierTobis mSvidobianad
mogvarebis mcdeloba. ruseTis imperatori
aleqsandr I da sagareo saqmeTa ministri karl
ivan paskeviCi
neselrode aleqsei ermolovs gadamWrel mo-
qmedebas ukrZalavdnen da misgan mxolod
gulisTanis zavis pirobebis dacvas iTxovd- 1825 wlis dekemberSi ruseTis imperiis
nen. peterburgis aseTi politikiT kargad taxtze avida nikolai I (1825-1855). 1826 wlis
sargeblobda iranis Sahi da abas mirza. se- 11 ianvars imperatori aleqsei ermolovs
mion mazaroviCi xedavda, rom aucilebeli werda: ruseTma iranTan dadebuli gulisTan-
iyo SahTan Sexvedra, magram Sahis nebarTvis is zavi unda SeinarCunos manam, vidre irani
gareSe TeiranSi Casvlis ufleba ar hqonda, TviTon ar daarRvevda zavs. nikolai I-ma
aseTi ufleba ki mas abas mirzas meSveobiT TeiranSi sruluflebian elCad daniSna ale-
unda mieRo. moulodnelad abas mirzam sasaz- qsandr menSikovi
menSikovi.. menSikovs mieca miTiTeba
Rvro sakiTxis gadawyvetis mizniT iniciativa sabolood moegvarebina sasazRvro sakiTxebi.
Tavad gamoiCina. 1823 wlis ivnisSi molapara- molaparakebis safuZveli unda yofiliyo 1825
kebac daiwyo, romelic uSedegod damTavrda. wlis 28 marts TbilisSi xelmowerili ruseT-
1825 wlis martSi TbilisSi Camovida Tavrizis iranis xelSekruleba. imperatorma menSikovs
beglarbegi feThi ali xani
xani.. am dros ermolovi daavala molaparakeba abas mirzasTan ki ara,
Crdilo kavkasiaSi imyofeboda. feThi ali xan- aramed uSualod feThi ali SahTan ewarmoe-
Tan molaparakebas saqarTvelos samoqalaqo bina. nikolai I-is nebis Tanaxmad ermolovi
nawilis mmarTveli ivan veliaminovi awarmoe- savsebiT izolirebuli aRmoCnda ruseT-ira-
398
vaxtang guruli
nis molaparakebisagan. imperatoris mier men- kebis CaSliT imuqreboda. aleqsandr menSiko-
SikovisaTvis micemuli saidumlo miTiTeba vi iZulebuli gaxda ivan veliaminovisaTvis
diplomats avalebda gaerkvia sakiTxi: ermo- cixe-simagris mSeneblobis Sewyveta da mi-
lovi xels xom ar uSlida iran-ruseTis urT- rakidan savarsamiZis gawveva eTxova. veliami-
ierTobis mogvarebas, samxedro didebis mop- novma Txovna ar gaiTvaliswina, xolo savars-
ovebisaken miswrafebiT, an abas mirzasadmi amiZis razmi kidev ufro gaaZliera. mirakSi
mtruli ganwyobilebiT kavkasiis mTavarsar- gaigzavna yabardos karabinerTa me-7 polkis 1
dali xels xom ar uwyobda omis gaCaRebas. aseuli 1 msubuqi zarbazniT.
karl neselrode Sahis pirvel ministr mirza 4. ruseT-iranis molaparakebis CaSla da
abul hasan xans swerda, rom ruseTsa da irans omis dasawyisi. 1826 wlis ivnisis bolos ale-
Soris sasazRvro sakiTxi mxolod `raRac qsandr menSikovi Tavrizidan TeiranSi Cavida
gaugebrobebis gamo“ ver iqna mogvarebuli. da 1 ivliss iranis Sah feThi alis Sexvda.
neselrode aSkarad mianiSnebda, rom es gauge- SahTan audienciisa da Semdgom dReebSi men-
brobebi ermolovs braldeboda. aleqsandr Sikovi darwmunda, rom iranis Sahis karze ru-
menSikovi TbilisSi Camovida, xolo 1826 wlis seTis mtrebi Warbobdnen. derbentis, Semaxi-
9 maiss Tbilisidan yarabaRis gavliT Tavriz- is, yarabaRis da TaliSis saxanoebis muslimi
Si gaemgzavra. mosaxleoba Sahs ruseTTan omis dawyebas da
aSkara iyo, rom peterburgSi saTanado saxanoebidan ruseTis jaris gandevnas sTxov-
yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen aleqsei ermolovis da. saxanoebis mosaxleobaSi ruseTis sawi-
Sefasebebs, verc imas xvdebodnen, rom iran- naaRmdego agitacias ganagrZobda aleqsan-
Tan omis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebeli iyo. dre batoniSvili.
batoniSvili. am droisaTvis imereTidan
abas mirzas omis partia imdenad Zlieri iyo, devnili vaxtang batoniSvili (imereTis mefis
rom diplomatiuri molaparakebebiT ruseT- daviT II-is ukanono vaJis, rostomis, Svili)
iranis urTierToba ver mogvardeboda. amis trapizonSi imyofeboda. man aleqsandre ba-
damadasturebelia is, rom 1826 wlis 1 aprils toniSvils acnoba, rom ruseT-iranis omis
neselrode ermolovs werda: iran-ruseTis dawyebisTanave igi imereTSi gaemgzavreboda
sazRvrze ganlagebuli jaris meTaurebi gaaf- da ruseTis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas daiwyebda.
rTxile, rom yvelaferi moimoqmedon iranTan iranis SahTan warumatebeli molapara-
konfliqtis Tavidan asacileblado. kebis Semdeg 1826 wlis ivlisSive aleqsandr
3. aleqsei ermolovis RonisZiebani ruseT- menSikovi elCobis wevrebTan erTad Tavrizis
iranis sazRvrebis gamagrebis mizniT. kavkasiis gavliT erevanSi gaemgzavra. am droisaTvis
mTavarsardali aleqsei ermolovi darwmuneb- irans ruseTTan omisaTvis mzadeba ukve das-
uli iyo, rom ruseT-iranis molaparakeba rulebuli hqonda. 1826 wlis 13 ivliss omis
Sedegs ver gamoiRebda da male omic daiwye- gamocxadebis gareSe iranis jarma ruseTTan
boda. aseT viTarebaSi iran-ruseTis sazRvris gulisTanis zaviT dadgenili sazRvari daar-
didi monakveTi (daaxloebiT 60-70 versi) Rvia, yarabaRisa da TaliSis saxanos terito-
praqtikulad daucveli aRmoCndeboda. ivan riaze SeiWra. ruseT-iranis omi daiwyo.
veliaminovma polkovnik konstantine savars- ruseT-iaranis omis dawyebis droisaT-
amiZes ubrZana sazRvarTan axlos, mirakSi
mirakSi,, vis, aleqsandr menSikovi jer kidev iranSi imy-
Casuliyo da iq cixe-simagris mSenebloba dae- ofeboda. ruseTis elCoba erevanSi sami kvira
wyo. 1826 wlis maisSi konstantine savarsamiZe gaaCeres da samSobloSi gamgzavrebis ufleba
Tbilisis polkis 2 aseuliTa da 1 zarbazniT mxolod 26 agvistos misces. 27 agvistos men-
mirakSi Cavida da mSenebloba daiwyo. cixe- Sikovi erevnidan Tbilisisaken gamoemgzavra.
simagres didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda im Sem- erevanSi myofma iranelTa sardalma elCoba
TxvevisaTvis, Tu erevanSi myofi iraneli diliJanis xeobis gavliT gamoistumra, sa-
sardali Suragelisa da bambakis mimarTule- dac im dros iranis jari iyrida Tavs. sar-
biT Seutevda, aseve im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu dalma cxenosanTa sagangebo razms diliJanis
iranelebi erevnidan Setevas karaklisisa da xeobaSi Sesuli ruseTis elCobis amowyveta
jelal-oRlis gavliT Tbilisis mimarTule- ubrZana. sardals gadawyvetili hqonda, rom
biT ganaviTarebdnen. mirakSi rusebis mier diplomatiuri misiis gaJleta qurTebisaT-
cixe-simagris mSeneblobis dawyebam abas mir- vis daebralebina da Tavi imiT emarTlebina,
za aRaSfoTa, romelic samSvidobo molapara- rom qurTebi iranis xelisuflebas ar emor-
399
Cilebodnen. menSikovma safrTxe igrZno da yazaxis gavliT. samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlagebu-

moZraobis marSuti Secvala _ diliJanis xeli ruseTis jaris 33 batalionidan uSualod
obas gverdi auara, rac iranelebma maSinve iran-ruseTis sazRvars 6,5 batalioni icavda,
Seityves. elCobas cxenosani razmi daedevna romelTagan erevnis saxanodan Suragelisa da
da albaT daeweoda kidec, rom ara polkovni- bambakis mimarTulebiT Setevaze gadmosuli
ki konstantine savarsamiZe. savarsamiZem men- iranis jaris SesaCereblad iyo gamiznuli; 2
SikovTan Sesaxvedrad erTi aseuli gagzavna, batalioni yarabaRis saxanoSi idga, xolo 6
romelmac iranelTa cxenosan razms elCobaze aseuli elizavetopolSi, nuxasa da SirvanSi.
Tavdasxmis saSualeba ar misca. ruseTis elCi Tu iranis jaris omis dasawyisSive Tbiliss
mSvidobianad dabrunda TbilisSi. Semoutevda, cxadia, 6,5 batalioni iranelTa
4. meomar mxareTa Zalebi. ruseT-iranis Semotevas didi xniT ver SeaCerebda. gasaT-
omis dawyebis droisaTvis (1826 wlis 13 iv- valiswinebeli iyo isic, rom samxreT kavkasia-
lisi) kavkasiis korpusSi iricxeboda 2 qvei- Si ganlagebuli 33 batalionidan srulad da-
Ti divizia da grenaderTa brigada, sul 45 kompleqtebuli arcerTi ar iyo, batalionebs
batalioni 126 savele zarbazniT. es jarebi saSualod akldaT piradi Semadgenlobis 20-
Semdegnairad iyo ganlagebuli: 30%.
1. Crdilo kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli iyo irans omisaTvis mzad hyavda 35 batalioni
21-e qveiTi diviziis 12 batalioni (4 polki), (maT Soris 10 Sahis gvardias warmoadgenda),
romelTagan 2 polki (Tenginisa da navagin- TiToeul batalionSi 1.100 mebrZoli iricxe-
skisa) gafantuli iyo kavkasiis guberniisa da boda, anu 35 batalionSi 38.500 mebrZoli iyo.
yubanis teritoriaze. yabardos grenaderTa iranis jaris savele artileria 42 zarba-
polks kavkasiis xazis centraluri monakveTi znisagan Sedgeboda. 35 batalionis garda
ekava, egerTa 43-e polki mdinareebis Tergi- irans omisaTvis mzad hyavda araregularuli
sa da sunjas gaswvriv iyo ganlagebuli. 21-e cxenosani jari (15.000 mebrZoli).
qveiTi diviziis kidev 2 polki (samegrelos iran-ruseTis sazRvari mdinare arpa-
qveiTTa da egerTa 44-e polkebi) samxreT ka- Caidan kaspiis zRvis sanapiromde 600 versze
vkasiaSi iyo gadmosrolili. iyo gadaWimuli. ruseTis sardlobam es 600
2. samxreT kavkasiaSi zemoT xsenebuli versiani monakveTi sam mTavar nawilad ga-
21-e diviziis 2 polkis garda, ganlagebuli hyo: marjvena flangi (Suragelis, bambakisa
iyo 22-e qveiTi divizia da kavkasiis grenad- da borCalos distanciebi), centri (yarabaRis
erTa brigada, sul 33 batalioni. 22-e qveiT saxano da elizavetopolis olqi, yazaxisa da
diviziaSi Sedioda 6 polki: afSeronis qveiTi, SamSadilus distanciebi), marcxena flangi
kurinskis qveiTi, Tbilisis qveiTi, Sirvanis (Saqis, Sirvanis, yubis, TaliSis saxanoebi,
qveiTi, egerTa 41-e, egerTa 42-e polkebi. ka- baqos olqi). aRsaniSnavia, rom erevnis saxa-
vkasiis grenaderTa brigadaSi iricxeboda: nos CrdiloeT sazRvridan Tbilisamde sul
yabardos me-7 grenaderTa, Tbilisis gre- 150 versi iyo. omis dasawyisisaTvis uSualod
naderTa, xersonis grenaderTa polkebi. Ce- Tbilisis mimarTulebas icavda Tbilisis qve-
CneTSi mimdinare ajanyebis gamo 22-e qveiTi iTi polkis 9 aseuli da karabinerTa 2 aseu-
diviziis 33-dan 6 batalioni 1825 wlis dali, sul daaxloebiT 3.000 qveiTi da cxeno-
sawyisSi Crdilo kavkasiaSi _ kavkasiis xazze sani, kavkasiis grenaderTa polki 12 savele
iyo gadasrolili, xolo 6 batalioni gu- zarbazniT. donis kazakTa polkis cxenosanTa
riaSi, samegreloSi, imereTsa da afxazeTSi mcirericxovani razmebi Suragelsa da bam-
idga, 6 batalioni daRestnis samxreT saz- bakSi arsebul saguSagoebze idgnen. polkis
Rvrze, yazaxsa da borCaloSi iyo ganlageb- meTaurs rezervSi sul 40 kazaki hyavda.
uli, 3 batalioni kaxeTSi idga. iranTan omis
SemTxvevisaTvis Tbilisis mimarTuleba unda
daecva qarTlSi ganlagebul 12 batalions. §2. omis msvleloba 1826 zafxulsa da Semod-
Tbilisze iranis jars Seteva SeiZleba dae- gomaze
wyo ori mimarTulebidan: erevnis saxanodan
Suragelis, bambakisa da borCalos gavliT; kavkasiis mTavarsardalma aleqsei ermo-
yarabaRis saxanodan yofili ganjis saxanos lovma 1826 wlis 13 ivliss iranis jaris mier
(elizavetopolis olqis), SamSadilusa da dawyebuli sabrZolo moqmedebebis Sesaxeb
400
vaxtang guruli
17 ivliss Seityo da maSinve miiRo saswrafo kolonistTa dasaxmareblad saswrafod gaig-

zomebi. zavna donis kazakTa polki da qveiTTa 2 aseu-
1. pirveli sasazRvro brZolebi.
brZolebi aleqsei li polkovnik kostinis meTaurobiT. rusebs
ermolovma ubrZana karabinerTa me-7 polkis kolonia sruliad gaveranebuli daxvdaT,
meTaur polkovnik nikolai muraviovs sofel iranelebsac, germanelTa sxva koloniebic
karaklisSi Casuliyo da Tu polkovnik kon- daerbiaT, tyved waeyvanaT iq mcxovrebi ger-
stantine savarsamiZes adgilze ver ipovida, manelebi.
Tavis Tavze aeRo jaris meTauroba. murav- 2.. brZolebi yarabaRis saxanos teritori-
iovma savarsamiZes karaklisSi miuswro da Ta- aze.. erevnis saxanodan Tbilisis mimarTule-
aze
vadac mis gankargulebaSi darCa. ermolovma biT SetevasTan erTad iranis jaris ZiriTa-
is karabinerTa polkis 2 aseuliT da egerTa di Zalebi abas mirzas sardlobiT yarabaRis
41-e polkis 2 aseuliTa da 4 savele zarba- saxanos teritoriaze SeiWra. yarabaRis sax-
zniT maior kaSutinis meTaurobiT giumris anoSi gafantuli ruseTis jarebi ramdenime
mimarTulebiT gagzavna da iranelebisagan brZolaSi damarcxdnen, didi danaklisi gani-
misi ganTavisufleba daavala. ZalTa uTanas- cades da bolos SuSis cixes Seafares Tavi.
worobis gamo imxanad brZanebis Sesrulebas 1826 wlis 25 ivliss iranelebma SuSa alyaSi
kaSutini ver SeZlebda. giumris ganTavisu- moaqcies. abas mirzas gankargulebaSi iyo
flebisaTvis brZolaSi savarsamiZec Caeba, 40.000 qveiTi 24 savele zarbazniT da 10.000
romlis gankargulebaSic sul 5 aseuli iyo. araregularuli jaris cxenosani. SuSis cixe
igi damxmare Zalas eloda, romlis mosvlis TavdacvisaTvis mzad ar iyo, ar kmaroda sa-
Semdeg savarsamiZe Setevaze gadavida, magram brZolo masalisa da sursaTis maragi, cixe-
borCaloeli TaTrebis Ralatis gamo rusebi Si imyofeboda uamravi daWrili jariskaci.
damarcxdnen. male karakliseli TaTrebi ai- miuxedavad amisa, rusebi cixis Cabarebas ar
yarnen da iranis teritoriaze gadavidnen. apirebdnen. SuSis garnizonis mdgomareoba
savarsamiZem TaTrebis karaklisSi dabrune- kidev ufro mZime gaxda mas Semdeg, rac 1826
ba poruCik maCabels ubrZana, romelic 1826 wlis 27-28 ivliss iranelebma TaTrebis dax-
wlis 26 ivliss 40 rusisa da 30 somexis Tanx- marebiT elizavetopolis rusuli garnizoni
lebiT TaTrebs daedevna. TaTrebma maCabels gaJlites da 28 ivliss qalaqi daikaves. eliza-
morCileba gamoucxades, magram rogorc ki vetopolis garnizonidan poruCik gabaevis (ga-
iranelTa cxenosani razmi gamoCnda, kvlav baSvilis) wyalobiT mxolod 37 oficeri da
uRalates rusebs. brZolaSi maCabeli daiWra, jariskaci gadarCa. samagierod, rusebma 1826
TaTrebma iranis teritorias Seafares Tavi. wlis seqtemberSi lenqoranTan Zlieri dar-
giumridan ukandaxeul savarsamiZes iranelTa tyma miayenes iranelebs. 4 seqtembrs SuSas-
cxenosani razmi daedevna da karaklisamde Tan alyaze mdgarma iranis jaris sardlobam
gzaze ramdenime sofeli gadawva. male Seityo, rom 3 seqtembers SamqorTan rusebma
iranelebma karakliss CrdiloeTidan Sem- abas mirzas avangardi gaanadgures da eliza-
ouares da Tbilisisaken mimavali gza gadaW- vetopoli daikaves. iranelebma SuSis cixidan
res. ruseTis jari jerjerobiT karaklisis saswrafod daixies ukan. SuSis cixeSi gan-
SenarCunebas axerxebda. 28 ivliss karaklisSi lagebuli jaris ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi
mdgari ruseTis jari gaZlierda sasazRvro iranelebs SeeZloT Tbilisze Setevis dawye-
brZolebis Semdeg ukandaxeuli mebrZolebiT. ba, raime seriozuli samxedro Zala am drois-
male rusebma soflidan organizebuli ukan- aTvis Tbiliss ar icavda.
daxeva daiwyes. 1826 wlis 14 agvistos iranis 3. lekebis SemoWra kaxeTSi. iranis jaris
jarma moulodnelad alya Semoartya ekater- SemoWram samxreT kavkasiaSi da ruseTis ja-
inenfelds (bolnisi)
(bolnisi),, romelic Tbilisidan ris marcxma lekebs kaxeTis darbevis survili
samxreTiT 50 versis manZilze mdebareobda. gauRviva. ruseTisagan ganTavisuflebis imedi
iranelebma aq germaneli kolonistebi daxo- CaesaxaT borCalos, SamSadilusa da yazaxis
ces. oficialuri cnobiT, sul mokluli iqna TaTrebs. kaxeTSi lekTa SemoWra Warisa da
29 mamakaci da qali, araoficialuri cnobiT belaqnis mxridan iyo mosalodneli. aleqsei
70 adamiani, tyved aiyvanes 140 kolonisti, ermolovi mdinare alaznis gaswvriv jarebis
upiratesad qalebi. ekaterinenfeldis dar- gadasrolas ar Cqarobda, radgan fiqrobda,
bevis ambavi TbilisSi 15 agvistos Seityves. rom lekebs SeiZleboda sxva mimarTulebi-
401
danac SemoetiaT, anda wvril-wvrili razmebi celda, rom erevnidan iranelTa jariT ale-
SeeqmnaT da kaxeTs sxvadasxva mimarTulebi- qsandre batoniSvili kaxeTisaken daiZra.
dan Seseodnen. ruseTis jaris ZiriTadi Za- 4. omis warmoebis aleqsei ermoloviseuli
lebi dedofliswyaroSi (,,carskie kolodci“) gegma. aleqsei ermolovi ruseTis imperator
iyo ganlagebuli. dedofliswyaroSi idga aleqsandr I-is favoriti ar iyo. misi saqa-
Sirvanis qveiTTa polkis 3 batalioni da ni- rTvelos (kavkasiis) mTavarsardlad daniSvna
ruseT-iranis 1826-1828 ww. omi
Jegorodis dragunTa polkis 1 eskadroni. imperatoris kancelariis ufrosis, cnobili

qarTvel grenaderTa polkis 1 batalioni samxedro da politikuri moRvawis aleqsei
uSualod daRestnis sazRvrebTan iyo ganla- arakCeevis da ruseTis jarebis mTavari Sta-
gebuli, xolo kidev 1 batalioni yazaxisa da bis ufrosis piotr volkonskis mxardaWeriT
SamSadilus distanciebSi iqna gadasrolili. moxda. imperatori aRiarebda, rom pavel ci-
yazaxsa da SamSadiluSi gadaiyvanes niJegoro- cianovis mkvlelobis Semdeg saqarTvelos
dis dragunTa polkis darCenili nawilic. vercerTma mTavarsardalma misi ndoba ver
1826 wlis 2-3 agvistos RamiT lekTa cxeno- gaamarTla. amiT iyo ganpirobebuli is, rom
sanma razmebma muRanlos foniT alazani gad- aleqsandr I aleqsei ermolovis daniSvnas
molaxes da yaraRajis cixes miuaxlovdnen. dasTanxmda. sul cota xanSi naTeli gaxda,
ermolovi yaraRajis cixes aranair strate- rom ermolovi araTu samxedro ministris,
giul mniSvnelobas ar aniWebda, ris gamoc mTavari Stabis ufrosisa da sagareo saqmeTa
iq seriozuli samxedro garnizoni ar idga. ministris brZanebebis usityvo aRmsrulebe-
lekebma cixe advilad daikaves da garnizoni li ar iqneboda, aramed TviT imperatorTan
gaJlites. am kritikul viTarebaSi xma gavr- uTanxmoebasac ki ar daerideboda. nikolai
402
vaxtang guruli
I-is taxtze asvlis Semdeg (1825w.) ermolovis mTavari Stabis ufross warmodgena ar hqonda
mdgomareoba kritikuli gaxda, axal impera- Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli
tors kavkasiis mTavarsardali ar uyvarda. ruseTis jarebis raodenobis Sesaxeb, Tbilis-
imperatorisa da ermolovis urTierTobas sa da mis SemogarenSi xom arasdros mdgara
xelovnurad Zabavda mTavari Stabis ufrosi jaris is raodenoba (15.000 oficeri da ja-
general-adiutanti ivan ((iohan
iohan fridrix karl riskaci), romelsac dibiCi ixseniebda. aseTi
anton) dibiCi, romelic kavkasiis mTavarsar- jari erTad Tavmoyrili kidec rom yofil-
dalSi Tavis konkurents xedavda. ermolovi iyo, ermolovi erevanze ver gailaSqrebda,
wlebis ganmavlobaSi daJinebiT amtkicebda, radagan iranelebi ori mimarTulebidan apir-
rom irani aucileblad daiwyebda oms ruse- ebdnen Tbilisze Semotevas. dibiCis brZanebis
Tis winaaRmdeg da aucilebeli iyo samxreT miRebis Semdeg ermolovi imasac mixvda, rom
kavkasiaSi ruseTis jaris axali kontingentis moskovSi isic ki ar icodnen, rom iran-ruse-
Semoyvana, iran-ruseTis sazRvris sagangebod Tis omi daiwyo, mTavari Stabis ufross ego-
gamagreba. ermolovis rekomendaciebi arc im- na, rom omi ki ar dawyebula, aramed erevanSi
peratorma da arc mTavarma Stabma ar gaiT- myofi iraneli sardlis brZanebiT ramdenime
valiswina. savalalo iyo is, rom omSi gancdi- razmi ruseTis sazRvrebSi SemoiWra. miiRo
li pirveli warumateblobebi mainc kavkasiis Tu ara mTavari Stabis ufrosis brZaneba, er-
mTavarsardals dabralda. cxadia, am SemTx- molovma moskovSi gagzavnil werilSi yovel-
vevaSi aRaravis gaxsenebia is, rom ermolovma gvari moridebisa da etiketis dacvis gareSe
momxdari ramdenime wliT adre iwinaswarm- mianiSna: ruseTsa da irans Soris namdvili
etyvela da droulad Caayena saqmis kursSi omi daiwyo, romelic ramdenime frontze mim-
imperatori da mTavari Stabi. ermolovis mo- dinareobda, xolo amis Sesaxeb mTavar StabSi
Zuleni SeTanxmdnen, rom omSi damarcxeba ka- araferi icodnen. Tbilissa da moskovs So-
vkasiis mTavarsardlisaTvis gadaebralebinaT ris aSkara uTanxmoeba Camovarda. nikoloz
da misi gadayenebisaTvis mieRwiaT. I-ma gadawyvita, rom jerjerobiT ermolovi
aleqsei ermolovi kargad grZnobda, rom Tanamdebobidan ar gadaeyenebina, magram ka-
adre Tu gvian misi mtrebi mizans miaRwevd- vkasiis korpusis mTavarsardloba da iranTan
nen, magram far-xmals ar yrida da omis daw- omis xelmZRvaneloba sxva generlisaTvis Cae-
yebis pirveli dRidanve energiulad Seudga barebina. Tavadapirvelad imperatori gener-
mTavarsardlis movaleobis Sesrulebas. al-leitenant piotr kotliarevskis kandida-
1826 wlis 19 ivliss ermolovma sazRvris turaze SeCerda da mas infanteriis generlis
mimarTulebiT jarebis gadajgufeba daiwyo. wodebac mianiWa. janmrTelobis mdgomareobis
warmoiSva umZimesi mdgomareoba:
mdgomareoba iranelebi gamo kotliarevskim imperatoris SeTavaze-
Tbilisidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT 150 versis baze uari Tqva, ris Semdegac nikoloz I-ma
manZilze, xolo samxreTidan 60 versis manZil- arCevani general-adiutant ivan paskeviCze
ze imyofebodnen. iran-ruseTis omis frontze SeaCera. imperatorma TbilisSi paskeviCTan
Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ermolovma erTad general-maiori denis davidovi gamog-
pirveli Setyobineba imperators 1826 wlis zavna.
1 agvistos gaugzavna. am dros saimperatoro aleqsei ermolovi kargad xvdeboda, rom
kari peterburgidan moskovSi iyo gadasuli, pativmoyvare da amayi ivan paskeviCi impera-
sadac nikolai I-is koronacia unda Semdgari- toris ndobas gamoiyenebda da ukiduresad
yo. imperatoris sapasuxo werilidan kavkasi- Seaviwroebda mas. miuxedavad amisa, ermolovi
is mTavarsardali mixvda, rom saimperatoro daTmobas ar apirebda. man gaagrZela eliza-
kari ganawyenebuli iyo da misgan iranis jaris vetopolis mimarTulebiT axali Zalebis da-
dauyonebliv damarcxebas moiTxovda. impera- jgufeba, sadac damatebiT gadaisroles 4
toris werils mohyva mTavari Stabis ufrosis batalioni 10 savele zarbazniT. elizavet-
ivan dibiCis brZaneba. dibiCi iTxovda Tbilis- opolis mimarTulebiT moqmedi jarebis sard-
sa da mis SemogarenSi ganlagebuli 15.000 me- lad ermolovma general-maiori valerian ma-
brZoliT kavkasiis mTavarsardals dauyone- daTovi daniSna. ermolovma madaTovs ubrZana
bliv aeRo erevnis cixe, xolo Tu iranis jari iranelTa Warbi Zalebis gamoCenis SemTxvevaSi
saTanado winaaRmdegobas ver gauwevda, dae- ukan daexia da mdinare xramze gamagrebuliyo.
kavebina Tavrizi
Tavrizi.. ermolovi darwmunda, rom male madaTovma Seityo, rom Samqoris mTebSi
403
2.000 cxenosniT aleqsandre batoniSvili ga- biT iyo Sepyrobili, imperatorisa da misi
moCnda, romelic kaxeTSi cdilobda SeWras. garemocvis winaSe Tavmodrekili mkacri da
1826 wlis 22 agvistos qarTvel grenaderTa Seubralebeli iyo qveSevrdomebis mimarT.
polkis 5 aseuli, 150 kazaki da qarTuli mi- miuxedavad amisa, ermolovma paskeviCis dan-
licia 2 savele zarbazniT general madaTo- iSvna saxelmwifo interesebidan gamomdinare
vis meTaurobiT aleqsandre batoniSvilTan Seafasa da pirvelive dRidan yovelnairad
Sesaxvedrad gaemarTa. iranelebma rusebis cdilobda xeli Seewyo misTvis. paskeviCis
Setevas ver gauZles da ukan daixies. aleqsan- daqvemdebarebaSi gadavidnen saxelganTqmuli
dre batoniSvilma erevans Seafara Tavi. male generlebi valerian madaTovi da ivan veliami-
ermolovma madaTovis razmi xersonis grenad- novi (veliaminov I). paskeviCi ermolovTan
erTa polkis 1 batalioniT da 6 savele zarba- urTierTobis mogvarebas ar eswrafoda. ivan
zniT gaaZliera da Setevis gagrZeleba brZana. veliaminovis umcrosi Zma aleqsei werda: `me
madaTovs ganjisaTvis unda Seetia, raTa abas ar vici, surs Tu ara imperators aleqsei pe-
mirza aeZulebina SuSis cixeze alya moexsna. tres Zis (ermolovis _ v. g.) Secvla paskev-
madaTovi 1826 wlis 31 agvistos Setevaze iCiT, magram vici, rom es Zalian surs TviT
gadavida da 2 agvistos Zegams miuaxlovda. paskeviCs“.
iranelebma saswrafod ukan daixies, rusebi ivan paskeviCis TbilisSi Camosvlis
ZegamSi Sevidnen. RamiT madaTovma Seityo, droisaTvis saqarTveloSi ruseTis ja-
rom mis winaaRmdeg gamiznuli iranis jari ris damatebiTi kontingentis gadmosrola
(10.000 mebrZoli) SamqorSi idga. 3 seqtembers grZeldeboda da TandaTan iranis winaaRm-
rusebma Zegami datoves da Samqorisaken daiZ- deg sabrZolvelad seriozuli Zala iyrida
rnen da iranelebs Seuties. rusebma am brZo- Tavs. paskeviCma brZolaSi Cabmamde samxedro-
laSi daWrilTa da moklulTa saxiT 27 kaci savele wvrTnebis Catareba gadawyvita. wvrT-
dakarges, tyved igdes 75 iraneli. 1826 wlis nebi damTavrebuli ar iyo, rom 1826 wlis 12
4 seqtembers madaTovma elizavetopoli dai- seqtembers Tbilisidan samxreTiT dabanake-
kava. TbilisSi Camosulma ivan paskeviCma mada- bul ruseTis armias moulodnelad abas mir-
Tovs acnoba, rom 1826 wlis 10 seqtembers igi zas cxenosani jari daesxa Tavs. imavdroulad
elizavetopolSi Cavidoda. axali mTavarsar- SamSadilueli TaTrebis cxenosanTa banaki-
dali madaTovs swerda, rom Tu iranelebi dan paskeviCs acnobes, rom erevanSi myofi
elizavetopols didi ZalebiT Semoutevdnen, iraneli sardali diliJanis xeobaSi Sevida
cixeSi 6 aseuli da 4 zarbazani daetovebina, da ruseTis jarebis zurgSi cdilobda gaW-
xolo TviTon TbilisSi dabrunebuliyo. ras. paskeviCs urCies, rom jer abas mirzas
5.ivan paskeviCis Camosvla saqarTveloSi.
saqarTveloSi. cxenosani razmebi gaenadgurebina, ris Semde-
general-adiutanti ivan paskeviCi TbilisSi gac iraneli sardali iZulebuli gaxdeboda
1826 wlis 29 agvistos Camovida da meore diliJanis xeoba daetovebina. 1826 wlis 13 se-
dResve aleqsei ermolovs ewvia. generlebi qtembers general-leitenant ivan veliamino-
erTmaneTs Zalze civad Sexvdnen. viTareba vis da general-maior valerian madaTovis gam-
araordinaluri iyo. jerjerobiT ermolovi Wriaxobisa da mamacobis wyalobiT paskeviCma
kavkasiis korpusis mTavarsardali (kavkasiis elizavetopolTan iranelTa cxenosani jari
mTavarsardali) iyo, magram iranis winaaRmdeg sastikad daamarcxa. iranelebma moklulTa
moqmedi jarebis sardloba imperatoris br- saxiT daaxloebiT 2.000 mebrZoli dakarges,
ZanebiT paskeviCs hqonda davalebuli. ermo- rusebma tyved aiyvanes 1.100 iraneli, brZo-
lovi da paskeviCi xasiaTiTa da miswrafebebiT laSi daiRupa 12 rusi oficeri da 285 jaris-
erTmaneTisagan didad gansxvavdebodnen. er- kaci. 14 seqtembers generalma madaTovma dam-
molovi profesionali samxedro iyo da Ta- arcxebuli mowinaaRmdegis devna gaagrZela.
vis upirveles movaleobad omSi monawileobas 25 versis manZilze iranelebma versad brZo-
Tvlida, mas arasdros hqonia miswrafeba im- lis gamarTva ver SeZles. abas mirza mdinare
peratorisa da misi garemocvis winaSe mliqvn- araqsis marjvena napirze gadavida da iq da-
elobiT raime didi Tanamdeboba daekavebina banakda.
da amiT dakmayofilebuliyo. paskeviCic pro- elizavetopolTan gamarjveba paskeviCma
fesionali samxedro iyo, magram mTeli Tavisi ermolovis winaaRmdeg gamoiyena. imperator
Segnebuli cxovreba karieruli miswrafebe- nikolai I-sa da ruseTis jarebis mTavari
404
vaxtang guruli
Stabis ufrosis ivan dibiCisaTvis gagzavnil iranelTa zurgSi gaigzavna. brZola didxans
moxsenebaSi, marTalia, paskeviCi sagangebod ar gagrZelebula. savarsamiZem pirveli Sete-
aRniSnavda generlebis ivan veliaminovisa da visTanave daikava mirakis simagre, hasan xani
valerian madaTovis gamWriaxobasa da simamac- jaris narCenebTan erTad gaiqca. mirakTan
es, magram yovelnairad cdilobda ermolovis iranelTa damarcxebis Semdeg gogCis tbis na-
damcirebas, pirdapir mianiSnebda imaze, rom pirze didi jariT mdgari iraneli sardali
omis dasawyisSi gancdili marcxi ermolo- saswrafod dabrunda erevanSi. generalma
vis brali iyo. paskeviCi saimperatoro karis davidovma meore dRes Seteva gaagrZela da
winaSe Tavis qebiT iyo garTuli, roca mou- erevnis saxanos teritoriaze SeiWra. ruse-
lodnelad 1826 wlis 18 oqtombers abas mirza bi erevnidan 30 versis manZilze SeCerdnen.
cxenosani jariT mdinare araqsis marcxena na- radgan erevanze Seteva jerjerobiT ar igeg-
pirze gadmovida da ruseTis mier kontroli- meboda, davidovi lores velze dabrunda da
rebadi teritoriis Zarcvas Seudga. jelal-oRlis simagris mSeneblobas Seudga.
aleqsei ermolovi xedavda, rom ivan 6. lekebis gaaqtiureba
gaaqtiureba.. moulodnelad
paskeviCi ver gaerkva ruseT-iranis fron- baqoSi myof aleqsei ermolovs general-maior-
tze Seqmnil samxedro-strategiul viTare- ma giorgi erisTavma acnoba, rom aleqsandre
baSi, rasac SeiZleboda damRupveli Sedegebi batoniSvilis da abas mirzas mier waqezebuli
mohyoloda. 1826 wlis 12 seqtembers ermo- lekebi nuxis saxanoSi SeWras apirebdnen. er-
lovi Tbilisidan gavida da mdinare hasan- molovma saswrafod datova baqo da gzidanve
suze SeCerda. aqedan iwyeboda gza rogorc gasca brZaneba saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli
mtkvris velis, ise elizavetopolisaken. ruseTis jarebis nawili Waris sazRvarTan
ermolovis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo grenad- ganelagebinaT, xolo nawili Sirvanisa da nux-
erTa 1 polki, Sirvanis polkis 1 batalioni, is saxanoebSi gaegzavnaT. jarebma miniSnebuli
egerTa 41-e polkis 3 aseuli, 400 kazaki da poziciis dakaveba mxolod 1826 wlis noem-
14 savele zarbazani. ermolovma gamoiZaxa berSi daiwyes. kavkasiis korpusis me-20 qveiTi
general-maiori denis davidovi da ubrZana diviziis yvela polki, garda sevastopolisa,
sofel jelal-oRliSi Casuliyo, iq ganla- romelic elizavetopolSi idga, alaznis mar-
gebuli polkovnik konstantine savarsamiZis jvena napirisaken gaemarTa, ulanTa meore
razmis meTauroba Caebarebina da erevnisaT- divizia nuxis mimarTulebiT daiZra, xolo
vis Seetia. davidovis gankargulebaSi gada- Savi zRvis kazakTa brigada Sirvanis saxanos
vida borCaloeli TaTrebis cxenosani razmi teritoriaze Sevida. ermolovma Crdilo ka-
da goris milicia (saxalxo laSqari). 1826 vkasiidan damatebiT gamoiZaxa jarebi: Ter-
wlis 15 seqtembers generali davidovi dan- gis kazakebis 1 polki mcxeTasTan ganlagda,
iSnulebis adgilas Cavida da 19 seqtembers donis kazakTa 6 polki dedofliswyarosaken
bambakisa da Suragelis iranelebisagan gan- (,,carskie kolodci
kolodci~) daiZra. 9 dekembers nuxa-
Tavisuflebas Seudga. am droisaTvis gener- Si Casul ermolovs iq sruli simSvide daxvda.
lis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo Tbilisis polkis lekebs marTlac ucdiaT nuxaSi SeWra, magram
6 aseuli, karabinerTa 3 aseuli, 150 kazaki, rusebs maTi ukugdeba mouxerxebiaT. nuxi-
600 qarTveli cxenosani, 9 savele zarbazani. dan ermolovi Warisaken daiZra, romelic am
jari bambakSi ise Sevida, rom iranelebs wi- droisaTvis general-maior giorgi erisTavs
naaRmdegoba ar gauweviaT. pirveli brZola ukve dakavebuli hqonda. ermolovma Warbi
mxolod 20 seqtembers gaimarTa, romelic ZalebiT (14 batalioniT) alya Semoartya
iranelTa marcxiT dasrulda. 21 seqtembers zaqaTalas,, sadac Wareli lekebis ZiriTadi
zaqaTalas
rusebis mier datovebuli mirakis simagridan Zalebi iyvnen ganlagebuli. Warelebma dane-
hasan xanis meTaurobiT Setevaze gadmovida beba arCies. 1826 wlis 27 dekembers ermolovi
4.000 cxenosani. davidovi mowinaaRmdeges ar TbilisSi dabrunda.
daeloda da TviTonac Setevaze gadavida.
rusTa da qarTvelTa jaris centrs general-
maiori denis davidovi meTaurobda, marcx- §3. omis msvleloba 1827 wels. omis dasasruli
ena flangs _ polkovniki konstantine savars-
amiZe,, marjvena flangs - polkovniki nikolai
amiZe 1827 wlis gazafxulidan ruseT-iranis
muraviovi.. maior kaSutinis cxenosanTa razmi
muraviovi frontze sabrZolo moqmedebebi ganaxlda.
peterburgSi gadawyvetili hqondaT, rom omi
405
1827 welsve daesrulebinaT. Zalaufleba jerjerobiT ermolovis xelSi

1. sabrZolo moqmedebebis gegmebi 1827 iyo. aseT viTarebaSi paskeviCma ermolovis
wlisaTvis. 1827 wlis sabrZolo moqmedebebis mier dawinaurebuli generlebisa da ofi-
gegma ivan paskeviCma or variantad Seadgina. crebis devna daiwyo. pirvel rigSi, man ivan
pirveli variantis mixedviT, Tbilissa da veliaminovsa da valerian madaTovs Seutia.
Tbilisis SemogarenSi ganlagebul ruseTis karieruli miswrafebiT Sepyrobilma paskev-
jarebs erevnisaTvis unda SeetiaT, alyaSi iCma arafrad Caagdo is, rom elizavetopol-
moeqciaT erevnis cixe da Semdeg Seteva gae- Tan gamarjveba swored am ori generlis wya-
grZelebinaT naxWevnis
naxWevnis,, marandisa da Tavrizis lobiT moipova. Seqmnili daZabuli viTarebis
mimarTulebiT. imavdroulad yarabaRis saxa- ganmuxtvis mizniT 1827 wlis 20 Tebervals
nos teritoriaze ganlagebul ruseTis jars TbilisSi Camovida ruseTis jarebis mTavari
Tavrizis mimarTulebiT unda daewyo Seteva. Stabis ufrosi infanteriis generali ivan
meore variantis mixedviT, yarabaRis saxanos dibiCi. dibiCma imperatorisaTvis gagzavnil
teritoriaze ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebi moxsenebebSi daZabuli viTarebis SeqmnaSi er-
unda gadasuliyvnen mdinare araqsis marjvena molovi daadanaSaula da imperatormac ermo-
napirze da TavrizisaTvis SeetiaT. aleqsei lovis gadayenebis gadawyvetileba miiRo. 1827
ermolovma gegmis orive varianti daiwuna. wlis 29 marts nikolai I-ma general-adiutan-
misi azriT, orive variantis saboloo mizani ti ivan paskeviCi kavkasiis calkeuli korpu-
Tavrizis dakaveba iyo, xolo am qalaqis daka- sis mTavarsardlad ((kavkasiis
kavkasiis mTavarsardlad
mTavarsardlad))
veba irans ver aiZulebda, an omi Seewyvita, an daniSna. imperatorma paskeviCs mTeli katego-
raime daTmobaze wasuliyo. ermolovis azriT, riulobiT aukrZala ermolovisaTvis Seura-
ruseTis jarebis ZiriTad nawilebs erevnisaT- cxyofis miyeneba, magram man imperatoris neba
vis unda SeetiaT, xolo danarCeni jarebi ar gaiTvaliswina da ermolovi aiZula sas-
naxWevnis mimarTulebiT unda daZruliyvnen. wrafod daetovebina Tbilisi.
erevnisa da naxWevnis dakavebis Semdeg, misi 3. ivan paskeviCis pirveli RonisZieba-
azriT, jarebs qalaqebSi unda gamoezamTrebi- ni. dainiSna Tu ara kavkasiis korpusis mTa-
naT da 1828 wlis gazafxulze Teiranis mimar- varsardlad, ivan paskeviCma aleqsei ermo-
TulebiT daewyoT Seteva. paskeviCis Sedgeni- lovis mier dawinaurebuli generlebisa da
li sabrZolo moqmedebebis gegmis ermolovis oficrebis devna gaagrZela. Tbilisidan
mier dawunebam Zalze gaaRiziana mTavari Sta- gaiwvies saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis
bis ufrosi ivan dibiCi. mTavarmmarTveli general-leitenanti ivan
2. aleqsei ermolovis gawveva kavkasiidan. veliaminovi (veliaminov I) da misi Zma, kavka-
miuxedavad imisa, rom imperatori nikolai I siis korpusis Stabis ufrosi general-maiori
aleqsei ermolovs ar wyalobda, ivan paskevi- aleqsei veliaminovi (veliaminov II). kavkasi-
Cis gegma ar damtkicda. marTalia, impera- is korpusis Stabis ufrosad dainiSna me-20
torma am konkretul SemTxvevaSi ermolovis qveiTi diviziis meTauri general-leitenanti
Sexeduleba gaiziara, magram 1826 wlis miwu- afanasi krasovski,
krasovski, xolo me-20 qveiTi divi-
rulisa da 1827 wlis damdegisaTvis TbilisSi ziis meTaurad _ general-maiori nikita pan-
Seqmnili daZabuli viTareba amiT ar ganmux- kratievi.. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo nawilis
kratievi
tula. elizavetopolis brZolaSi mopovebuli mTavarmarTebloba da saqarTveloSi ganla-
gamarjvebiT gaamayebuli paskeviCi cdilobda gebuli sarezervo jarebis meTauroba axlad
ermolovi saerTod Camoecilebina sabrZolo daniSnul Tbilisis samxedro gubernators,
moqmedebebis dagegmvisagan. ermolovi kargad general-adiutant nikolai sipiagins daeva-
grZnobda, rom mTavari Stabi paskeviCs uWer- la. kavkasiis korpusis artileriis ufrosad
da mxars, magram daTmobas mainc ar apirebda. dainiSna general-leitenanti amilei untile,
untile,
kavkasiis korpusis mTavarsardlobaSi orx- kavkasiis korpusis 21-e qveiTi diviziis meTau-
elisuflebianoba damkvidrda, rac SeiZleba rad _ general-leitenanti giorgi erisTavi,
erisTavi,
Zalian cudad dasrulebuliyo. paskeviCi Tavs xolo mis nacvlad kaxeTSi ganlagebuli ru-
Seuracxyofilad grZnobda, radgan mas dan- seTis jarebis meTaurad polkovniki fiodor
iSvnisas aSkarad agrZnobines, rom igi male bekoviC-Cerkaski dainiSna. general-maior de-
Secvlida ermolovs. miuxedavad danapirebi- nis davidovs paskeviCma Tanamdeboba ar Ses-
sa, kavkasiaSi mTeli samoqalaqo da samxedro Tavaza da isic imperatoris nebarTviT ru-
406
vaxtang guruli
seTSi gaemgzavra. cota mogvianebiT kavkasiis miuaxlovda araqss da mdinaris foni xelT
korpusSi dainiSnen general-adiutanti kon- igdo. 1827 wlis 18 aprils valerian madaTovi
stantin benkendorfi da general-leitenanti xudaferinis xididan 12 versis moSorebiT
pavel fon suxteleni.
suxteleni. am droisaTvis general- SeCerda da xidis mimarTulebiT donis ka-
leitenanti valerian madaTovi yarabaRis sax- zakTa 3 polki gagzavna. kazakebma ramdenime
anoSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris meTauri simaRlis dakaveba moaxerxes da maTze zarba-
iyo.. znebi ganalages. male kazakebs qveiTi ja-
4. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1827 wlis gazaf- ric SeuerTda. iranelebs xudaferinis xidi
xulze, zafxulsa da Semodgomaze. ivan dibiCi daengriaT, adidebul mdinareze gadasvla ki
da ivan paskeviCi fiqrobdnen, rom iranis dam- TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo. 1827 wlis 19 aprils
arcxeba did sirTules ar warmoadgenda. maT podpolkovnikma miklaSevskim egerTa 42-e
mcire cvlileba Seitanes aleqsei ermolovis polkis 1 aseuliT xididan 80 metris moSore-
mier Sedgenil 1827 wlis sabrZolo moqmede- biT daikava poziciebi. xelCarTul brZola-
bebis gegmaSi. dibiCi imperators moaxseneb- Si miklaSevskim xudaferinis xidTan mdebare
da: imedi maqvs, 1827 wlis martisaTvis Cveni koSki daikava da iq myofi iranelebi gaJlita.
jaris avangardi daikavebs erevnis saxanos, amasobaSi rusebma navebis gamoyenebiT mdinare
xelSi CavigdebT iq arsebul sursaTs, xolo araqsi gadalaxes. iranelTa jari iZulebuli
Semdeg mTavari Zalebi daikaveben marands da gaxda ukan daexia. general-leitenanti vale-
SesaZloa, Tavrizsaco. dibiCma da paskeviCma rian madaTovi mzad iyo iranis teritoriaze
angariSi ar gauwies imas, rom iranelebis dam- Seteva gaegrZelebina. moulodnelad 1827
arcxeba somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi gacilebiT wlis 22 aprils madaTovma paskeviCis brZaneba
advili iyo, vidre sakuTriv iranis terito- miiRo: madaTovs yarabaRis razmis sardloba
riaze Sesvla da iq strategiuli mniSvnelo- general-maior nikita pankratievisaTvis unda
bis qalaqebis dakaveba. male cxadi gaxda, Tu gadaebarebina, xolo Tavad TbilisSi gamg-
ramdenad realuri iyo ermolovis daskvna zavrebuliyo. madaTovis gadayenebis Semdeg
imis Taobaze, rom iranis teritoriaze gadam- yarabaRis razms ebrZana araqsis marcxena na-
wyveti gamarjvebis mopoveba Zneli iqneboda. pirze gadmosuliyo da 18 versiT daexia ukan.
1827 wlis sabrZolo operaciebi 5 aprils 1827 wlis 30 marts ruseTis jarebma
daiwyo yarabaRis saxanos teritoriaze. ruse- general-adiutant konstantin benkendorfis
Tis jarma general-leitenant valerian mada- meTaurobiT SulaverSi moiyares Tavi. ben-
Tovis meTaurobiT mdinare Cerakeni gadalaxa. kendorfis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: qarTvel
iranis jari (2.000 mebrZoli) mdinare araqsze grenaderTa polkis 2 batalioni, Sirvanis
xudaferinis xidTan idga da cxenosanTa raz- qveiTTa polkis 2 batalioni da karabinerTa
mis gamoCenas eloda. xudaferinis xidTan me-7 polkis 1 batalioni. 2 aprils benkend-
myofi qveiTebisa da cxenosnebis dasaxmare- orfi Sulaveridan sofel jelal-oRlisaken
blad igzavneboda 15 savele zarbazani. iranis daiZra, sadac 3 aprils Cavida. jelal-oRli-
jaris meore razmi aslanduzSi idga. Sirvanis Si benkendorfis razms Tbilisis grenaderTa
xani, aseve sxva xanebi mosaxleobisagan gama- polkis kidev 1 batalioni SeuerTda. razmi
lebiT krefdnen cxenosanTa razmebs. iranis gaZlierda kavkasiis grenaderTa saartile-
jaris mTavari Zalebi Tavrizs uaxlovde- rio brigadis 12 savele zarbazniT. 5 aprils
boda. ruseTis sardlobam ar icoda, Tavri- jelal-oRliSi mTavari Stabis ufrosi ivan
zidan iranelebi erevnisaken gaemarTebodnen, dibiCi Cavida. sazeimo ceremonialis Semdeg,
Tu yarabaRis saxanos teritoriaze SeiWre- imave dRes, rusebma laSqroba daiwyes. mTebis
bodnen. Seqmnil viTarebaSi generalma mada- gadalaxvis Semdeg, 7 aprils, razmi bambakis
Tovma gadawyvita dauyonebliv gadasuliyo velze gavida, 9 aprils laSqroba gaagrZela
mdinare araqsis marjvena napirze, raTa ar da mTagrexilis gadalaxvis Semdeg rusebi
daeSva araqsze mdgari iranelTa jaris axali iranis teritoriaze Sevidnen. benkendorfs
ZalebiT gaZliereba. madaTovi mdinare Cerak- eCmiaZini unda daekavebina. 11 aprils rusebma
enis napirebidan 1827 wlis 16 aprils daiZra, laSqroba gaagrZeles da imave dRes, saRamos,
magram male Seityo, rom misi razmis zurgSi mirakTan dabanakdnen. benkendorfma jaris
iranis cxenosani razmi gamoCnda. miuxedavad nawili da mTeli aRali banakSi datova da
amisa, madaTovma Seteva gaagrZela, swrafad eCmiaZinisaken daiZra. 13 aprils rusebi eC-
407
miaZins miadgnen. eCmiaZinis dakavebis Semdeg, seTis jars sabrZolo masalisa da sursaTis
16 aprils, rusebma laSqroba gaagrZeles, eC- maragi ewureboda, yoveldRiurad matulobda
miaZinSi mxolod mcire garnizoni darCa. 12 daWrilTa da daavadebulTa raodenoba. aseTi
versis gavlis Semdeg karasu
karasu-baSTan
baSTan rusebs iyo viTareba erevnis cixesTan, rodesac iq
Sejaxeba mouxdaT qurTebis cxenosan razm- 1827 wlis 15 ivniss kavkasiis korpusis mTa-
Tan. qurTebma kazakebis Setevas ver gauZles varsardali (kavkasiis mTavarsardali) gener-
da ukan daixies. male qurTebs damxmare Zala al-adiutanti ivan paskeviCi Cavida.
mouvidaT. qurTTa mTavari Zalebi sardarsardar- erevnis aReba. mTeli pasuxismgebloba
abadis cixe-simagreSi iyo Tavmoyrili. benk- erevnis cixis alyis gaWianurebisaTvis ivan
endorfma cixis Cabareba moiTxova. rusebma dibiCsa da ivan paskeviCs ekisrebodaT, Tumca
sardar-abadis alyis gagrZeleba sursaTis oriveni imperatoris winaSe Tavis marTlebas
amowurvis gamo veRar SeZles da eCmiaZinisak- cdilobdnen da yvelafers kvlav aleqsei er-
en daixies. 1827 wlis 30 aprils konstantine molovs abralebdnen. 1827 wlis 15 ivnisidan
benkendorfma sursaTis maragi miiRo da ere- erevnis cixis alyaze mdgari general-adiu-
vanze laSqrobisaTvis mzadebas Seudga. tant konstantine benkendorfis jarebi uSua-
erevanze salaSqrod gamzadebuli ru- lod paskeviCis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida.
seTis jarebi sardlobam ase daajgufa: eC- cixesTan daiwyo jarebis gadajgufeba. alyis
miaZinSi idga Tbilisis grenaderTa polkis gagrZeleba daevala me-20 qveiTi diviziis
2 aseuli, romelic hospitalsa da aRals polkebs: sevastopolis qveiT, yirimis qveiT,
icavda. erevnis cixisaTvis samxreTidan unda egerTa 39-e, egerTa me-40 polkebs, donis ka-
Seetia qarTvel grenaderTa polksa da donis zakTa 2 polksa da me-20 saartilerio briga-
kazakTa 2 polks. grenaderebs sabrZolvelad das. sul erevnis cixis garSemo dajgufebuli
gamzadebuli hqondaT 3 savele zarbazani. iyo 9 batalioni da 12 aseuli, romelTac Sei-
qarTvel grenaderTa polkis ganlagebaSi araRebaze 26 zarbazani gaaCndaT. am jarebis
iyo benkendorfis Stabi. cixisaTvis aRmosav- meTauroba general-leitenant afanasi kra-
leTidan unda Seetia karabinerTa me-7 pol- sovskis daevala, romelic wina xanebSi ivan
kis 1 aseuls, donis kazakTa 1 aseuls, Sir- paskeviCTan uTanxmoebis gamo kavkasiis kor-
vanis qveiTTa polkis 1 batalions, romelsac pusis Stabis ufrosis Tanamdebobidan gadad-
SeiaraRebaze 2 savele zarbazani gaaCnda da ga da kvlav me-20 qveiTi brigadis meTaurad
Tbilisis grenaderTa polkis 1 aseuls. cix- dainiSna. kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufrosi
eze CrdiloeTidan Seteva unda ganeviTare- gaxda polkovniki nikolai muraviovi
muraviovi.. Tbili-
bina Sirvanis polkis 1 batalions, romelsac sidan erevnisaken daZruli paskeviCis daqvem-
SeiaraRebaze 4 savele zarbazani gaaCnda. debarebaSi iyo: 14 batalioni, 2 aseuli, 14
CrdiloeTidanve unda Seetia cixisaTvis Sir- eskadroni, donis kazakTa 6 polki da 42
vanis qveiTTa polkis 1 batalions, romelsac zarbazani, sul 4.800 qveiTi, 800 cxenosani da
SeiaraRebaze 4 savele zarbazani gaaCnda. 3.000 kazaki. es jari erevnidan 15 versis mo-
dasavleTidan cixeze ieriSisaTvis mzad iyo SorebiT mdinare garni-Cais napiras dabanakda.
karabinerTa me-7 polkis 3 aseuli 4 savele rusebis dazvervam sakmaod zusti informacia
zarbazniTa da 50 kazaki. 1827 wlis 30 aprils, moipova iranis jaris raodenobisa da ganla-
RamiT, iranelTa cxenosanTa razmi Tavs daesxa gebis Sesaxeb. iranis jari laSqrobis dasaw-
mdinare zangas napirze ganlagebul rusebis yebad jerjerobiT mzad ar iyo, Tanac did
saguSagos. saguSagoze mdgarma kazakebma 20- sivrceze iyo gafantuli. abas mirza 10.000
jer meti mowinaaRmdegis mogerieba SeZles. mebrZoliT idga xoiSi
xoiSi.. jaris meore nawili
erevnis cixis garnizonidan razmebis gamos- (10.000 mebrZoli) TavrizSi idga, xolo kidev
vla da ruseTis jaris saguSagoebze Tavdasx- 20.000 mebrZoli uSualod feThi ali Sa-
ma Semdeg dReebSic grZeldeboda. amis sapa- his daqvemdebarebaSi iyo. qurTebis laSqari
suxod ruseTis artileria drodadro Zlier hasan xanis meTaurobiT erevnis saxanos saz-
cecxls uSenda erevnis cixis kedlebs. cixis RvraTan, mdinare araqsze idga.
alya didxans gagrZelda. ase dadga ivnisi. ivan paskeviCma erevnis cixesTan aqtiuri
sicxeebma moalye jarica da garnizonic mZime brZolebi SeaCera da 1827 wlis 27 ivniss nax-
mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. benkendorfi cixeze Wevanisaken daiZra. iranelebi mxolod uSua-
generaluri ieriSis dawyebas ver bedavda. ru- lod naxWevnis misadgomebTan SeebrZolnen
408
vaxtang guruli
rusebs, magram male ukan daixies da cixes ta erevnis cixesTan alyaze mdgar ruseb-
Seafares Tavi. naxWevnis cixeSi 4.000 mebrZo- Sic. generali afanasi krasovski iZulebuli
li iyo, cixis garnizons 18 zarbazani hqonda. gaxda sabrZolo poziciebi daetovebina da
naxWevnis cixesTan paskeviCs sami kvira mou- ZiriTadi ZalebiT eCmiaZinis mimarTulebiT
wia dgoma. 1827 wlis 28 ivniss ruseTis jaris daexia. rusebma ukan daxeva 1827 wlis 21 iv-
ZiriTadi Zalebi naxWevnidan abas-abadisaken lisis RamiT daiwyes. eCmiaZinSi krasovskim
daiZrnen da 2 ivliss pirvelad Zlierad da- hospitali moawyo da jari Seasvena. erevnis
bombes abas-abadis cixe. iranelebi medgrad cixidan rusebis ukan daxeviT saswrafod
icavdnen Tavs. cixes gamudmebiT bombavda isargebla abas mirzam. 1827 wlis 4 agvistos
erevnis cixis aReba. franc rubauTis naxati
rusebis artileria. 7 ivliss abas-abadis ko- sardar-abadTan igi mdinare araqsis marcxena
mendantma qalaqi rusebs Caabara. paskeviCma napirze gadavida da eCmiaZins miuaxlovda.
abas-abadis cixeSi garnizoni Caayena, 1827 am droisaTvis eCmiaZinTan mdgar general
wlis 19 ivliss ZiriTadi ZalebiT abas-abadi- krasovskis mwyobrSi sul 4.000 oficeri da
dan gavida da 23 ivliss sofel yara-babaSi Se- jariskaci hyavda, maSin rodesac abas mirza
Cerda. am droisaTvis rusebis jari mZime md- 10.000 qveiTiTa da 15.000 cxenosniT miuax-
gomareobaSi imyofeboda. paskeviCi yara-baba- lovda eCmiaZins. abas mirzam Secdoma dauSva
Si 1.808 avadmyofi oficriTa da jariskaciT da rusebs pirvelsave dRes ar Seutia, man
Sevida, male saerTo jamSi daavadebuli aR- Seteva mxolod 10 agvistos daiwyo. am drois-
moCnda 1.950 oficeri da jariskaci. mZime md- aTvis krasovskim TavadacviTi zRudis ageba
gomareobaSi iyo aRali, yoveldRiurad didi moaswro da brZolisaTvis moemzada. erevnis
raodenobiT ixoceboda gamwevi pirutyvi. xangrZlivma alyam krasovskis Zalebi serio-
avadmyofobam da sikvdilianobam ima- zulad daasusta. mdgomareoba eCmiaZinTan
409
ixsna damxmare jaris gadasrolam da provi- zeimiT Sevida TavrizSi. paskeviCma Tavrizis
antis maragis droulad miwodebam. 1827 wlis dakavebis ambavi gvian Seityo, amitom iyo,
17 agvistos abas mirzam eCmiaZins alya moxsna rom igi 1827 wlis 7 oqtombers erevnidan
da ukan daixia. Tavrizis dasakaveblad gaemarTa. paskeviCma
1827 wlis agvistos meore naxevrisaTvis mxolod gzaSi Seityo, rom TavrizSi ukve
ivan paskeviCi Tavrizze galaSqrebas gegmav- Sesuliyo generali erisTavi. kavkasiis mTa-
da, rodesac moulodnelad Seityo, rom eC- varsardali aRSfoTebas ver malavda. man
miaZinidan ukan daxeuli abas mirza erevnis Tavi ver Seikava da madlobis nacvlad risxva
saxanos teritoriaze apirebda SeWras. sofel daatexa Tavs Rvawlmosil generals. moxucma
yara-babadan, sadac ZiriTadi ZalebiT idga generalma umaduri mTavarsardlis sityvebi
paskeviCi, erevnamde 150 versi iyo. 1827 wlis bolomde moismina da roca paskeviCi odnav
27 agvistos paskeviCi eCmiaZinisaken daiZra, dawynarda, erisTavma umadur mTavarsardals
sadac 5 seqtembers Cavida. 8 seqtembers ruse- Tavrizis aRebisaTvis madloba gadauxada. es
bi eCmiaZinidan gavidnen da sardar-abadidan daumsaxurebeli madloba paskeviCma mTeli
20 versis moSorebiT SeCerdnen. 13 seqtembers seriozulobiT miiRo, erisTavs gadaexvia da
rusebma sardar-abads alya Semoartyes da 19 mogvianebiT daajildova kidec. kavkasiis mT-
seqtembers cixe-simagre aiRes. gza erevnisak- varsardalma wyena sabolood mainc ar daivi-
en gaxsnili iyo. 23 seqtembers rusebi ere- wya da male general-leitenanti giorgi eri-
vans miuaxlovdnen da 24 agvistos erevnis sTavi moqmedi armiidan daiTxova.
cixe Zlierad dabombes. rusebis artileriis 5. ruseT-iranis 1828 wlis 10 Tebervli
5 batarea gamudmebiT uSenda qalaqs. 29 agvis- sazavo xelSekruleba ((TurqmanCais
TurqmanCais traqtati).
tos dilidan erevans 50 zarbazani uSenda irans omis gagrZeleba aRar SeeZlo da iZule-
yumbarebs. 1827 wlis 1 oqtombers ukve cxadi buli gaxda misTvis araxelsayrel sazavo pi-
gaxda, rom erevnis cixe alyas didi xniT ve- robebze daTanxmebuliyo. sazavo molapara-
Rar gauZlebda. 1 oqtombers afanasi kraso- keba ivan paskeviCsa da abas mirzas Soris 1827
vskim iranel sardalTan molaparakeba dai- wlis 6 noembers daiwyo. paskeviCma molapara-
wyo. erevnis cixis garnizonma winaaRmdegoba kebebis dawyebisas Semdegi pirobebi wamoayena:
Sewyvita. rusebma tyved aiyvanes daaxloebiT 1. irans ruseTisaTvis unda gadaeca erevnisa
4.000 iraneli mebrZoli, nadavlis saxiT maT da naxWevnis saxanoebi; 2. iranis jars unda
49 zarbazani darCaT. rusebis danakargi um- daetovebina TaliSis saxano; 3. irans unda ga-
niSvnelo iyo, mokluli da daWrili iqna 3 daexada kontribucia. Tu irani kontribuciis
oficeri da 52 jariskaci. 1827 wlis 2 oq- gadaxdas ver SeZlebda, maSin ruseTs unda
tombers erevnis cixeSi rusebma samxedro aR- gadascemoda mTeli azerbaijani da Tavrizi.
lumi gamarTes. paskeviCi ruseTis imperatorTan aTanxmebda
Tavrizis
avrizis dakaveba. mas Semdeg, rac ru- sakiTxs: Tavrizis gadacemis SemTxvevaSi qa-
seTis jaris mTavari ZalebiT ivan paskeviCi laqi Tavrizi da mis garSemo teritoria uSu-
erevnisaken gaemarTa, general-leitenanti alod ruseTis erT-erT olqad eqciaT, Tu iq
giorgi erisTavi naxWevnis olqSi datoves. ruseTis proteqtoratis qveS myofi saxano
1827 wlis 27 agvistosaTvis abas-abadisa da SeeqmnaT. abas mirza kontribuciis Semcirebas
naxWevnis cixeebSi sul Tbilisis grenaderTa iTxovda. paskeviCma kontribuciis odenoba
polkis 2 batalioni da kazakTa 3 aseuli idga, odnav Seamcira, magram Semdegi Txovnebi ukve
romelTac SeiaraRebaze ramdenime savele aRar gaiTvaliswina. kavkasiis mTavarsardlis
zarbazani gaaCndaT. paskeviCma erisTavs mkac- sijiutem Sedegi gamoiRo. 1827 wlis 10 de-
ri miTiTeba misca: Setevaze ar gadasuliyo kembers Teiranidan TavrizSi kontribuciis
da mxolod naxWevnisa da abas-abadis cixee- nawili gagzavnes.
bis dacvaze ezruna. erisTavma sworad Sea- sazavo molparakebis procesSi iranSi
fasa viTareba da iranis teritoriaze Setevis Sida politikuri viTareba daiZaba. iranis
dawyebis gadawyvetileba miiRo. 1827 wlis 11 taxtis memkvidred abas mirzas nacvlad misi
oqtombers giorgi erisTavi abas-abadis cixi- Zma hasan ali mirza gamocxadda. taxtis axali
dan gavida da 13 oqtombers diliT Tavrizs memkvidre ruseTTan omSi damarcxebas abas
miuaxlovda. iranis jars winaaRmdegoba ar mirzas abralebda da omis gagrZelebas uW-
gauwevia, 13 oqtombers SuadRisas erisTavi erda mxars. Seityo Tu ara sazavo molapara-
410
vaxtang guruli
kebaze abas mirzas mier paskeviCis pirobebis rusi poeti, aleqsandre WavWavaZis qaliSvil
miReba, hasan ali mirza 8.000 mebrZoliT ninos meuRle. ivan paskeviCma griboedovi
TeiranSi Sevida da sajarod ganacxada, rom peterburgSi gagzavna, raTa nikoloz I-Tvis
rusebi kontribucias ver miiRebdnen. Teira- omSi gamarjveba mieloca. gaxarebulma imper-
nis mosaxleoba aRfrTovanebiT Sexvda hasan atorma griboedovs saxelmwifo mrCevlis Cini
ali mirzas. molebma mosaxleobas rusebTan uboZa da wminda anas meore xarisxis ordeniT
omisaken mouwodes. Seityo Tu ara yovelive daajildova. 1828 wlis 25 aprils imperato-
es, 1828 wlis 8 ianvars paskeviCma dei-karagani ris brZanebiT griboedovi iranSi ruseTis
datova da TavrizSi dabrunda, raTa iranis imperiis sruluflebian ministrad dainiSna.
winaaRmdeg saomari moqmedebebi ganeaxlebina. 1828 wlis 10 ivliss griboedovi peterbur-
1828 wlis 15 ianvars ruseTis jarma urmiis gidan TbilisSi dabrunda, sadac sazogadoe-
Zlieri cixe-simagre aiRo, xolo 25 ianvars bam mas didi Sexvedra mouwyo. Tbilisidan
ardebili daikaves. iranma sazavo molapara- griboedovi paskeviCTan Sesaxvedrad gaemg-
kebebis gagrZeleba iTxova. molaparakebebi zavra, romelic imxanad axalcixesTan mdgar
sofel TurqmanCaiSi gagrZelda. Sahis br- ruseTis jaris banakSi imyofeboda. griboe-
ZanebiT abas mirza TurqmanCaisaken gaemarTa, dovi TbilisSi 1828 wlis 4 agvistos dabrun-
6 Tebervals iq Cavida paskeviCic. da da 9 agvistos Tbilisidan iranSi gaemg-
1828 wlis 10 Tebervals sofel Turqman- zavra. paskeviCma izruna, rom ruseTis impe-
CaiSi ruseTsa da irans Soris sazavo xelSek- riis sruluflebiani ministris Sesvla iranis
ruleba daido. sazavo xelSekrulebis mesame teritoriaze da misi mgzavroba Teiranamde
muxlis ZaliT damarcxebulma iranma scno praqtikulad Teatralur msvlelobad eq-
erevnisa da naxWevnis saxanoebis gadasvla ru- cia. griboedovi cota xniT TavrizSic Se-
seTis SemadgenlobaSi. Cerda da Semdeg TeiranSi gaemgzavra. iranis
TurqmanCais sazavo xelSekrulebis meo- Sahma feThi alim da misma ministrebma gamar-
Txe muxliT dadginda ruseT-iranis sazRvari. jvebuli qveynis sruluflebiani ministri
sazRvari iwyeboda ruseT-osmaleTis saz- didi pativiT miiRes. am Sexvedrebis Semdeg
Rvris im adgilidan, romelic pirdapiri xa- aleqsandr griboedovi werda: `me aq mego-
ziT yvelaze axlos iyo mcire araratis mwver- brebi ara myavs da arc msurs, rom myavdes.
valTan. Semdeg sasazRvro xazi miuyveboda upirveles yovlisa, aq ruseTis unda eSino-
mdinare araratis mdinare araqsTan SeerTe- deT... aq yvelas eCveneba, rom me mrisxane var,
bamde, Serudis mopirdapire mxares. araratis amitomac miwodes saxtiri (gulqva)“. aseTi
araqsTan SeerTebis adgilidan sazRvris xazi ganwyobilebiT Seudga griboedovi TeiranSi
miuyveboda mdinare araqss abas-abadis cixe- moRvaweobas da Tavisi principisaTvis sikv-
simagremde (mdinare araqsis marjvena napir- dilamde ar uRalatia. Tavisi sijiutiT ru-
ze). abas-abadis gaswvriv 3,5 ½ versis siganis seTis sruluflebianma ministrma cbieri
teritoria unda gadasuliyo ruseTis Semad- iraneli diplomatebi aiZula xeli moeweraT
genlobaSi. abas-abadidan sasazRvro xazi gas- xelSekrulebisaTvis, romlis ZaliTac iranSi
devda mdinare araqss edibulukis fonamde, myofma rusebma ufleba miiRes Seuferxebliv
Semdeg ki gadakveTda muRanis vels mdinare dabrunebuliyvnen samSobloSi. iranis SahTan
bolgarumde,, saidanac sazRvari miuyveboda
bolgarumde gamosaTxovari audienciis Semdeg aleqsandr
mdinare bolgarus mdinareebis adine bazrisa griboedovi TbilisSi dasabruneblad emzade-
da sariyamiSis SeerTebis adgilamde, aqedan boda, magram moulodnelad viTareba Seicva-
ki sazRvari gasdevda mdinare adine bazars, la, rasac sabolood ruseTis sruluflebi-
Semdeg mdinare astars am mdinaris kaspiis zR- ani ministris mkvleloba mohyva.
vaSi Cadinebis adgilamde. TbilisSi gamomgzavrebis win, RamiT, ale-
amrigad, saqarTvelos istoriuli teri- qsandr griboedovTan saidumlod gamocxadda
toria War-belaqani (saingilo) ruseTis impe- somexi mirza iakubi
iakubi,, romelic 15 wlis ganma-
riis SemadgenlobaSi darCa. vlobaSi Sahis haramxanaSi xazinadarad muS-
6. ruseT-iranis urTierToba TurqmanCais aobda. iakubs erevanSi dabruneba surda da
zavis Semdeg. aleqsandr griboedovis mkvl- griboedovs Semweobis TxovniT mimarTa. gri-
eloba. ruseT-iranis sazavo molaparakebaSi boedovma iakubs ganucxada: RamiT TavSesa-
monawileobda aleqsandr griboedovi,
griboedovi, didi fars damnaSaveebi iTxoven, ruseTis imperiis
411
ministri mTxovnels mfarvelobas gauwevs, ma- los ruseTis saelCos mdivani daeswreboda.
gram ara RamiT da farulad, aramed dRisiT saelCos mdivnis sasamarTloze daswreba mi-
da aSkarado. iakubma ruseTis warmomadgen- uReblad miiCnies Sahis karze da sasamarT-
lobis Senoba datova, magram meore dRes isev loc ar Sedga.
gamocxadda griboedovTan. ruseTis srulu- male aleqsandr griboedovTan gamocxad-
flebianma ministrma winaswar ganWvrita, rom da alaiar xanis haramxanidan gaqceuli ori
iakubis mfarvelobisaTvis mas SeiZleba didi qarTveli qali da mfarveloba iTxova. zemoT
usiamovneba Sexvedroda, amitom Seecada es xsenebuli xelSekrulebis ZaliT, ruseTis
ukanaskneli TeiranSi darCenaze daeTanxmebi- sruluflebian ministrs qarTveli qalebi sam-
na. griboedovma iakubis darwmuneba rom ver SobloSi unda daebrunebina. iranis Sahis kari
SeZlo, bolos mas aseTi ram uTxra: Sen Teiran- miiCnevda, rom haramxanidan gaqceuli qalebi
Si cnobili kaci xar, ruseTSi ki yvelafers haramxanis kuTvnilebas Seadgendnen da maTze
dakargavo. mirza iakubi mainc Tavis azrze xelSekruleba ar vrceldeboda. miuxedavad
darCa. ruseTis sruluflebianma ministrma, amisa, griboedovma qarTveli qalebi Seifara.
miuxedavad imisa, rom garTulebebs eloda, muslimma samRvdeloebam ruseTis srulu-
iakubi Seifara. griboedovis gadawyvetile- flebian ministrs qalebis Sefareba ukve aRar
bam Sahis karze didi ukmayofileba gamoi- apatia da Teiranis mosaxleobas griboedo-
wvia. mirza iakubma bevri saidumlo icoda vis dasjisaken mouwoda. fanatikosTa brbos
da Sahi SiSobda, rom ruseTSi wasvlis Semdeg Teiranis mola mirza mesixi xelmZRvanelobda,
igi am saidumloebebs gascemda. Sahma gri- igi muslimebis aRSfoTebis mizniT acxadeb-
boedovs ramdenjerme miugzavna Tavisi moxda, rom griboedovis mier Sefarebuli mir-
eleebi da iakubis gadacema mosTxova. Sahi za iakubi muslimebs aginebda, da amave dros
Tavis survils imiT asabuTebda, rom iranSi ruseTis warmomadgenlobaSi Tavs afarebda
damkvidrebuli tradiciis mixedviT, Sahis haramxanidan gaqceuli ori qali. viTareba
haramxanis xazinadari haramxanis sakuTrebas gansakuTrebiT 1829 wlis 30 ianvars daiZaba.
warmoadgenda. aleqsandr griboedovma Sahis am dRes xelisuflebis gankargulebiT Teira-
moxeleebs ganucxada: mirza iakubi ruseTis nis bazari daiketa, xalxi dedaqalaqis mTa-
sruluflebian ministrTan Tavisi nebiT ga- var meCeTTan Seikriba. Sekrebilebs sityviT
mocxadda da ukve dadebuli xelSekrulebis mimarTa Teiranis molam, ris Semdegac ramden-
ZaliT me ufleba ar mqonda misTvis mfarvel- ime aTasi kaci griboedovis rezidenciisaken
obis gawevaze uari meTqvao. amis Semdeg Sahis daiZra. rezidenciis dacvas am dRes iaraRi
karma pozicia Secvala da griboedovs mirza ar hqonda, Tumca iaraRic rom hqonoda, dac-
iakubis sanacvlod (gamosasyidad) 50.000 Tu- va aRelvebul xalxs ver SeaCerebda. xalxma
mani (200.000 rusuli maneTi) mosTxova. Ta- rezidenciis karebi Seangria da ezoSi Sevida.
vis moTxovnas Sahis kari imiT asabuTebda, pirvelad iakubi mokles, Semdeg _ saelCos
rom iakubma haramxanis xazina gaZarcva, ris mTargmneli dadimovi da ori msaxuri. rezi-
gamoc iransa da ruseTs Soris dadebuli denciis mcveli uiaraRo iranelebi maleve
xelSekrulebis ZaliT gamosasyidis gareSe gaiqcnen, kazakTa mcire razmi erTi saaTis
igi iranis teritorias ver datovebda. viTa- manZilze icavda rezidencias. am droisaTvis
rebis garkvevis mizniT griboedovma iakubi rezidenciaSi griboedovis garda imyofebod-
rusi Tarjimnis TanxlebiT Sahis sasaxleSi nen griboedovis meuRlis naTesavi Tavadi
gagzavna. oTaxSi, sadac iakubi da Tarjimani meliqiSvili, saelCos meore mdivani adelungi,
Sevidnen, Sekrebili iyvnen hajebi. maT iakubs eqimi da ramdenime msaxuri. Tavdamsxmelebma
lanZRva dauwyes, am ukanasknelmac ukan ar kazakebi daxoces da griboedovis samyofelSi
daixia da uSveri sityvebiT mimarTa hajebs, karebidan SeWris warumatebeli cdis Semdeg,
rasac muslimebi did codvad miiCnevdnen. ase saxuravze avidnen, saidanac cecxli gaxsnes,
rom, erTi konfliqtis nacvlad griboedovs griboedovi daiWra, oTaxSi myofi ori qa-
ukve ori konfliqti gauxda mosagvarebeli. rTveli da eqimi mokles. griboedovi ruseTis
am incidentis Semdeg Sahis karma griboedovs saelCos TanamSromlebTan da dacvis nawilT-
acnoba, rom iakubi SariaTis kanonebiT unda an erTad erT-erT oTaxSi gamagrda. Tavdam-
gaesamarTlebinaT. griboedovi am moTxovnas sxmelebma Senobis Weri Caangries da oTaxSi
daeTanxma, magram im pirobiT, rom sasamarT- xanZris gaCena SeZles. cecxlisa da kvamlis
412
vaxtang guruli
gamo oTaxSi gaCereba SeuZlebeli gaxda. adelungi, Stabs-kapitani Sahnazarovi

adelungi, Sahnazarovi,, sael-
Tavdamsxmelebma karebi Seangries da xmliT Cos moxele Tavadi qobuliSvili
qobuliSvili,, mTargmne-
aCexes kazakTa uriadniki, romelic griboe- li Tavadi meliqiSvili
meliqiSvili,, erevnis hospitalis
dovs gadaefara. griboedovi xmliT xelSi ordinatori malibergi
malibergi,, qarTveli rostom
kidev ramdenime wuTs icavda Tavs da bolos dadaS bei,
bei, kamergeri aleqsandr dimitrievi
dimitrievi,,
sasikvdilo Wrilobebis miyenebis Semdeg iat- mzareuli iakov zaxarovi,
zaxarovi, ramdenime kazaki.
akze daeca. griboedovisa da sxva moklulTa gadarCa mxolod saelCos mdivani malcevi da
gvamebi sami dRe Teiranis mTavar moedanze saelCos ramdenime msaxuri.
eyara. gvamebi imdenad iyo damaxinjebuli, aleqsandr griboedovisa da sxva daRu-
rom maTi amocnoba SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. sab- pulTa cxedrebi cxra sazidriT Teiranis
olood griboedovis gvami amoicnes im Wri- somxur eklesiaSi gadaasvenes da iq dakrZa-
lobiT, romelic winaT duelis dros mas xe- les. sami Tvis Semdeg griboedovis cxedari
lze iakuboviCma miayena. 1827 wlis 30 ianvars nino WavWavaZis iniciativiT TbilisSi gad-
Teiranis ruseTis saelCoSi iranelebma sul moasvenes. 17 ivniss cxedari sionis sakaT-
37 kaci daxoces, xocva-JletaSi daiRupa 19 edro taZarSi daasvenes da Semdeg mTawmind-
Tavdamsxmeli. garda aleqsandr griboedovi- aze dakrZales.
sa, 30 ianvars mokles: saelCos meore mdivani
413
Tavi XXII. ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis omi da saqarTvelo
§1. ruseTisa da osmaleTis mzadeba omisaTvis. Semdeg osmaleTma qveynidan gaaZeva ruseTis
omis dasawyisi qveSevrdomebi da ruseTis gemebs bosforis
sruteSi Sesvla aukrZala. osmaleTis sul-
1. ruseT-osmaleTis urTierToba omis win.
Tanma mahmud II-m dedaqalaqi stambolidan
akermanis konvencia (1826 wlis 7 oqtomberi).
balkaneTze, andrianopolSi gadaitana da mus-
1806-1812 wlebis omiTa da buqarestis zaviT
limebs rusebis winaaRmdeg brZolisaken mou-
(1812 w.) ar dasrulebula ruseT-osmaleTis
woda. nikolai I-ma osmaleTis sulTnis mier
dapirispireba. am or qveyanas sasicocxlo
akermanis konvenciis darRvevasa da omisaT-
interesebi gaaCnda balkaneTsa da kavkasia-
vis mzadebas imiT upasuxa, rom 1828 wlis 26
Si. ruseTi cdilobda esargebla balkaneTis
aprils omi gamoucxada osmaleTs. besarabiaSi
qristiani xalxebis (berZnebis, bulgarelebis,
ganlagebul ruseTis jarebs osmaleTis ter-
ruminelebis, serbebis da sxv.) mxardaWeriT
itoriaze SeWra ebrZanaT. ruseT-osmaleTis
da regionidan gaeZevebina osmaleTi. cxadia,
omi or frontze, balkaneTsa da kavkasiaSi,
osmaleTi balkaneTSi poziciebis daTmobas
daiwyo. ruseTis dunais armiam (95.000 ofi-
ar apirebda. osmaleTi samxreT kavkasiaSi
ceri da jariskaci) general-feldmarSal
poziciebis dakargvasac ar egueboda da cdi-
piotr vitgenSteinis sardlobiT da kavka-
lobda 1806-1812 wlebis omSi damarcxebisaT-
siis korpusma (25.000 oficeri da jariskaci)
vis revanSi aeRo. ruseTi, piriqiT, eswrafo-
general-adiutant ivan paskeviCis sardlo-
da buqarestis zaviT mopovebuli upirate-
biT sabrZolo moqmedebebi daiwyes. dunais
soba ganemtkicebina da osmaleTi sabolood
armias unda daekavebina moldova, vlaxeTi da
gaeZevebina samxreT kavkasiidan. ruseT-osma-
dorbuja, aeRo Sumlisa da varnas (bulgar-
leTis omi didi xnis manZilze mzaddeboda.
eTi) cixe-simagreebi. kavkasiis korpusis up-
1821 wels saberZneTSi osmaleTis winaaRmdeg
irveles amocanad iTvleboda yarsis
yarsis,, axalqa-
didi ajanyeba daiwyo, ajanyebul berZnebs
laqis,, axalcixis dakaveba.
laqis
inglisi da safrangeTi uWerdnen mxars. ru-
3.. viTareba samxreT kavkasiaSi omis
seTis imperatori aleqsandr I Caurevlobis
dawyebis droisaTvis. peterburgSi jerac
politikas adga. ruseTis pozicia balkaneTis
ar icodnen TurqmanCais zavis (1828 w. 10
sakiTxSi nikolai I-is taxtze asvlis (1825 w.)
Tebervali) dadebis Sesaxeb. kavkasiis mTa-
Semdeg Seicvala. marTalia, nikolai I-ma Cau-
varsardlisaTvis gadasacemad ruseTis im-
revlobis politika Secvala, magram ruseTs,
peratoris mier osmaleTisaTvis omis ga-
safrangeTsa da ingliss Soris imTaviTve da-
mocxadebis Sesaxeb 1828 wlis 26 aprils xel-
pirispirebam iCina Tavi. mokavSireebi ver Se-
mowerili manifesti peterburgidan TbilisSi
Tanxmdnen imaze, Tu osmaleTis damarcxebis
sagangebo kurierma Camoitana. 26 aprilisaT-
SemTxvevaSi misi teritoriebi rogor gadae-
vis kavkasiis korpusis ZiriTadi Zalebi jer
nawilebinaT. osmaleTma ruseTis gaaqtiure-
kidev iranis teritoriaze idga. ase rom ru-
bas balkaneTSi imiT upasuxa, rom daarRvia
seT-osmaleTis 500 versis sigrZis sazRvari
ruseT-osmaleTis akermanis konvencia (1826
SekveTilis (wm. nikolozis) simagridan erev-
w. 7 oqtomberi). konvenciis ZaliT osmaleTi
nis saxanomde praqtikulad daucveli iyo.
cnobda buqarestis zavis (1812 w.) pirobebs,
ruseTis jaris ase Tu ise Zlieri kontingen-
anu aRiarebda imas, rom balkaneTze ruseT-
ti idga saqarTveloSi (CoxataurSi, redut-
osmaleTis sazRvari mdinare dunaize gadioda,
kaleSi, soxumSi, quTaisSi, suramSi, walkaSi)
xolo kavkasiaSi soxumi
soxumi,, redut
redut-kale(yulevi)
kale(yulevi)
da somxeTSi (giumrSi). walkaSi erTi, xolo
da anaklia ruseTis mflobelobaSi gadadio-
giumrSi ori batalioni idga, rac, cxadia, su-
da. osmaleTi cnobda dunais samTavroebis
lac ar iyo sakmarisi im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu
(serbeTis, moldovasa da vlaxeTis) avtono-
osmaleTi am mimarTulebiT seriozul samx-
mias. akermanis konvenciiT ruseTis savaWro
edro Zalas gadmoisroda. osmaleTis jaris
flotma osmaleTis wylebsa da mdinare du-
Semotevis SemTxvevaSi daucveli aRmoCndebo-
naize Tavisufali mimosvlis ufleba miiRo.
da afxazeTi, radgan soxumis cixe savalalo
2. akermanis konvenciis darRveva da omis
mdgomareobaSi iyo. jer kidev aleqsei ermo-
dasawyisi.. akermanis konvenciis darRvevis
dasawyisi
lovis dros gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom rusebs
414
vaxtang guruli
soxumis cixe daetovebinaT, radgan omis Sem- paskeviCs mxolod erevnidan Tbilisisaken mo-
TxvevaSi mas mainc ver daicavdnen. ermolovma maval gzaze daewia da osmaleTisaTvis omis
soxumis cixis datoveba afxazeTis datovebis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb manifesti gadasca.
tolfasad miiCnia da iq rusuli garnizoni osmaleTis jarebi arzrumSi iyridnen
datova. Tu osmalebi 1828 welsve soxumis da- Tavs. muhamed faSam ruseTis winaaRmdeg yo-
kavebas SeZlebdnen, mZime mdgomareobaSi aR- fili erevnis saxanos, yazaxisa da SamSadi-
moCndeboda redut-kale, radgan rionis Sesar- lus muslimi mosaxleobis amboxebis mizniT
TavSi mdebare foTis cixe-simagre jer kidev iq Tavisi emisrebi gagzavna. mdgomareobas
osmalebs ekavaT. soxumidan
soxumidan,, redut
redut-kaledan
kaledan,, arTulebda isic, rom ruseTis winaaRmdeg
foTidan da qobuleTidan osmalebs SeeZloT ajanyebisaken am provinciebis mosaxleobas
afxazeTSi, samegreloSi, guriasa da imereTSi aleqsandre batoniSvilic mouwodebda.
SeWriliyvnen. ukeTesi viTareba arc qarTlsa TbilisSi dabrunebul ivan paskev-
da kaxeTSi iyo. qarTli mTlianad daucveli iCs osmaleTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad
iqneboda axalcixis mxridan, mtkvris xeobiT, saWiro jarebi jer mzad ar hyavda. kavka-
osmalebis Semosevis SemTxvevaSi. suramamde siis mTavarsardali odnav damSvidda, rode-
osmaleTs winaaRmdegoba ar SexvdebodaT. qa- sac Seityo, rom arzrumSi osmaleTis jaris
rTls samxreTidan muslimuri provinciebi: Sekreba neli tempiT mimdinareobda. paskev-
yazaxi,, SamSadilu
yazaxi SamSadilu,, borCalo
borCalo,, Surageli ertya. iCi varaudobda, rom male Tbilissa da mis
Siiti muslimebi osmaleTs mxars ar dauWerd- midamoebSi Tavs moiyrida erevnis saxanodan,
nen, magram mosalodneli iyo ruseTis winaaR- bambakidan da Suragelidan momavali jar-
mdeg suniti muslimebis amboxeba. osmaleTTan ebi. mogvianebiT damatebiTi Zalebi Crdilo
dawyebuli omiT isargeblebdnen da kaxeTze kavkasiidan unda Semosuliyvnen TbilisSi.
Tavdasxmas ganaaxlebdnen Wareli lekebi. CrdiloeT kavkasiidan Tbilisisaken daZ-
WarSi mdgari ori rusuli batalioni lekebis ruli jarebis nawili (Tbilisis grenaderTa
Semotevas ver SeaCerebda. da xersonis grenaderTa polkebi) TbilisSi
saqarTvelos mosazRvre osmaleTis ter- daTqmul vadaze ori kviriT adre Semovidnen.
itoriaze trapizonis
trapizonis,, yarsis
yarsis,, baiazeTis
baiazeTis,, arz- marTalia, TbilisTan ruseTis jarebis Tav-
rumisa da axalcixis safaSoebi mdebareobda. moyra ase Tu ise droulad dasrulda, magram
yvela am safaSoSi ganlagebuli jarebis sard- saerTo viTareba mainc ar iyo damakmayofile-
lad arzrumis seraskiri iTvleboda. omis beli. garda imisa, rom oficrebi da jaris-
dawyebisTanave sulTanma arzrumis seraski- kacebi daRlil-daqanculebi iyvnen, TiTqmis
rad Ralib faSa daniSna, romelsac osmaleTis arcerTi polki srulad dakompleqtebuli
aziuri nawilis dacva daevala. Ralib faSas ar iyo. magaliTad: niJegorodis dragunTa
daqvemdebarebaSi gaigzavna egvipteSi napo- polks 400 oficeri da jariskaci da StatiT
leonis winaaRmdeg omebis monawile, cnobili gansazRvruli cxenebis naxevari aklda. igive
sardali mehamed faSa.
faSa. Ralib faSa energiulad mdgomareoba iyo qveiTTa polkebSi. TiToeul
Seudga dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesrulebas. qveiT batalionSi 1.000 oficrisa da jaris-
pirvel rigSi gaamagra ruseT-osmaleTis sa- kacis nacvlad saSualod 600 mebrZoli iyo
sazRvro raionebi, aago ramdenime axali si- darCenili, xolo zogierTSi _ 500. am danak-
magre, Seqmna sabrZolo masalisa da provi- lisis uaxloes xanebSi Sevseba warmoudgeneli
antis maragi. Ralib faSas daqvemdebarebaSi iyo.
40.000 mebrZoli iyo. 4.. ruseTis sardlobis sabrZolo moq-
peterburgidan omis gamocxadebis Ses- medebebis gegma. imperatorma osmaleTTan
axeb Camosul sagangebo kuriers kavkasiis mTa- omSi kavkasiis korpusis sabrZolo moqmede-
varsardali ivan paskeviCi TbilisSi ar daux- bebis gegma ase gansazRvra: 1. kavkasiis kor-
vda. am droisaTvis igi Tavrizidan marandis puss aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedebebiT osma-
gavliT Tbilisisaken moemgzavreboda, xolo leTis sardloba unda aeZulebina mTeli Za-
mis Sesaxvedrad mimavalma kurierma erevni- lebi balkaneTze ar gadaesrola, riTac du-
dan yarabaRis gavliT gadawyvita TavrizSi nais armias mdgomareoba Seumsubuqdeboda da
Casvla. TavrizSi kurieris Casvlisas paskev- Setevis warmatebiT dagvirgvinebis saSualeba
iCi iq aRar iyo _ kavkasiis mTavarsardali miecemoda; 2. kavkasiis korpuss unda daecva
am dros ukve erevanSi imyofeboda. kurieri ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvari samxreT kavka-
415
siaSi, SeWriliyo osmaleTis teritoriaze da jarebis mTavar Stabs iranidan jaris dab-
daekavebina yarsisa da axalcixis safaSoebi, runebamde me-20 qveiTi da ulanTa me-2 divi-
Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebare foTisa da ana- ziis samxreT kavkasiaSi datoveba sTxova. pe-
pis cixe-simagreebidan ganedevna osmalebi. terburgma Txovna nawilobriv daakmayofila:
marTalia, nikolai I kavkasiis korpuss, up- me-20 qveiTi divizia saqarTveloSi droebiT
irveles yovlisa, ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvris datoves, ulanTa me-2 divizia ki saswrafod
dacvas avalebda, magram miiCnevda, rom dauy- unda dabrunebuliyo CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi.
onebliv unda dawyebuliyo Seteva yarsisa da samxreT kavkasiidan ulanTa me-2 diviziisa da
axalcixis dakavebis mizniT, radgan am ori sxva nawilebis gawvevis Semdeg kavkasiis kor-
strategiuli cixe-simagris dakaveba ruseT- pusis SemadgenlobaSi qveiTTa 52 batalioni,
osmaleTis sazRvris usafrTxoebas uzrun- kavaleriis 11 eskadroni, donis kazakTa 17
velyofda. peterburgSi ar gamoricxavdnen, polki da 144 zarbazani darCa. viTarebas ar-
rom ruseT-osmaleTis omis dawyeba SeiZle- Tulebda isic, rom qveiTTa 37 batalioni,
boda Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina irans. kavaleriis 3 eskadroni, donis kazakTa 10
Tu irani ruseTis winaaRmdeg oms daiwyebda, polki jerjerobiT isev iranis teritoriaze
kavkasiis mTavarsardals iranis teritoriaze imyofeboda an samxreT kavkasiis iseT strate-
unda Seeqmna Tavrizis, xois, urmiis, ardebi- giul punqtebSi iyo ganlagebuli, rom maTi
lis, astrabadis, gilianisa da mazandaranis dislokaciis adgilidan gamowveva SeuZlebe-
damoukidebeli saxanoebi da yoveli Rone ex- li iyo. ufro konkretulad, kavkasiis korpu-
mara, raTa am regionebSi iranis jari ar Se- sis xsenebuli nawili (qveiTTa 37 batalioni,
suliyo. kavaleriis 3 eskadroni, donis kazakTa 10
peterburgSi SemuSavebuli gegmis Tanax- polki da 36 zarbazani) Semdeg 9 strategi-
mad, general-leitenant afanasi krasovskis ul punqtSi iyo ganlagebuli: 1. iranSi (xoi,
erevnis olqSi (yofil erevnis saxanoSi) gan- urmia), 2. erevnis olqSi (yofil erevnis sax-
lagebuli jarebiT dauyonebliv unda Seetia anoSi), 3. yofil naxWevnis saxanoSi, 4. yazaxSi,
da daekavebina yarsi
yarsi.. general-adiutant niko- SamSadiluSi, borCaloSi, yarabaRSi, SaqSi,
lai sipiagins Tbilissa da mis SemogarenSi SirvanSi, TaliSSi, 5. daRestanSi, 6. mdinare
(qarTlSi) ganlagebuli jarebiT axalqalaqi alaznis napirebsa da WarSi, 7. afxazeTSi, gu-
unda aeRo. yarsisa da axalqalaqis dakavebis riaSi, samegrelosa da imereTSi, 8. mdinare
Semdeg mTeli jari krasovskis unda daqvem- mtkvris xeobaSi axalcixis safaSos sazRvar-
debareboda da axalcixis dasakaveblad daZ- Tan, 9. qarTlSi, samxreTidan mtkvris xeo-
ruliyo. yarsis, axalqalaqisa da axalcixis biT Tbilisisaken momaval gzebze. es ki imas
dakavebis Semdeg me-20 qveiTi da ulanTa me-2 niSnavda, rom paskeviCs yarsisa da axalcixis
diviziebi, aseve donis kazakTa 6 polki ivan dasakaveblad mxolod qveiTTa 15 batalioni,
paskeviCs dauyonebliv Crdilo kavkasiaSi kavaleriis 8 eskadroni da donis kazakTa 7
unda gadaesrola, sadac anapis cixe-simagris polki SeeZlo gamoeyvana. am jarebs Seiara-
asaRebad jarebi iyrida Tavs. paskeviCi dar- Rebaze 58 zarbazani gaaCndaT. sul kavkasiis
wmunda, rom peterburgSi zusti cnobebi ar mTavrsardlis daqvemdebarebaSi 12.000 ofic-
hqondaT arc kavkasiis korpusis da arc ruse- eri da jariskaci iyo, anu erT diviziaze na-
Tis sazRvarTan ganlagebuli osmaleTis jar- klebi.
ebis raodenobisa da sabrZolo SesaZleblo- 5. osmaleTis sardlobis sabrZolo moq-
bebis Sesaxeb, sxvanairad me-20 qveiTi divi- medebebis gegma
gegma.. osmaleTis sulTanma jaris
ziisa da ulanTa me-2 diviziis Crdilo kavka- udidesi da yvelaze brZolisunariani nawili
siaSi gadasrolas ar moiTxovdnen. ukidures balkaneTSi ruseTis dunais armiis winaaR-
SemTxvevaSi saqarTveloSi unda darCeniliyo mdeg gadaisrola. amave dros, man ukve 1828
ulanTa me-2 diviziis 1 brigada mainc, radgan wlis aprilSi arzrumis seraskir Ralib faSas
kavkasiis korpusis kavaleria Zalze dasuste- ubrZana, rom mis daqvemdebarebaSi myof ana-
buli iyo. sabrZolo moqmedebebisaTvis mzad toliis armias dauyonebliv daewyo samxreT
niJegorodis dragunTa polkis mxolod 4 es- kavkasiaSi ruseTis samflobeloebis darbeva.
kadroni iyo, danarCeni 3 dedofliswyaroSi Ralib faSam arzrumSi samxedro sabWo moi-
(,,carskie kolodci“) idga da piradi Semad- wvia, romelzec gadawyda: anatoliis armiis
genlobis Sevsebas eloda. paskeviCma ruseTis ZiriTadi Zalebi (60.000 mebrZoli) yarsis cixe-
416
vaxtang guruli
simagresa da qalaq yarsis garSemo ganelagebi gadavidnen. Setevaze gadasuli ruseTis

bina. yarsidan osmaleTis jars muhamed faSas jarebis saerTo sardlobas general-leiten-
saerTo sardlobiT giumrisa da erevnisaTvis anti ivan vadbolski axorcielebda. generalma
unda Seetia, xolo axalcixis faSa imereTSi jarebi sam brigadad dayo: pirveli brigadaSi,
brigadaSi,
unda SeWriliyo. Ralib faSas saboloo mizans romelsac general-maiori nikolai muraviovi
Tbilisis dakaveba warmoadgenda. arzrumSi sardlobda, Sedioda: erevnis karabinerTa
osmaleTis jarebis Tavmoyra Zalze nela mim- polki, qarTvel grenaderTa polki, kavkasiis
dinareobda. Ralib faSa ar Cqarobda, radgan grenaderTa saartilerio brigadis 1 aseuli
icoda, rom ruseTis ajrebis nawili jer 8 zarbazniT. meore brigadaSi (meTauri gener-
kidev iranSi idga, xolo samxreT kavkasiaSi al-maiori aleqsandr berxmani)
berxmani) _ egerTa 39-e
dislocirebuli jarebi sxvadasxva punqtSi polki, egerTa me-40 polki da me-20 saartile-
iyo gafantuli. amasTan erTad, Ralib faSa rio brigadis 1 aseuli 8 zarbazniT; mesame
dazvervam Seacdina, romlis monacemebiTac brigadaSi (meTauri general-maiori nikolai
samxreT kavkasiaSi SimSili mZvinvarebda, rac korolkovi)) _ Sirvanis qveiTTa polki, eger-
korolkovi
ruseTis jaris dauyonebliv Setevaze gadas- Ta 42-e polki, qveiTTa 1 batalioni, 21-e saa-
vlas gamoricxavda. Ralib faSasagan gansx- rtilerio brigadis 1 aseuli 8 zarbazniT. ka-
vavebiT, ruseTis jarebis Sesaxeb ufro zus- valeria, romelsac general-maiori nikolai
ti informacia axalcixisa da yarsis faSebs raevski meTaurobda, niJegorodis dragunTa
gaaCndaT. maT adreve Seityves, rom yarsisa da polkisa da ulanTa polkisagan Sedgeboda. ka-
axalcixis mimarTulebiT kavkasiis korpusis zakTa polkebs saerTo meTaurobas general-
jarebis gadajgufeba mimdinareobda da male maiori stepan leonovi uwevda.
rusebi Setevasac daiwyebdnen. yarsis aReba. ruseTis jaris samive briga-
das mdinare arpaCai erTdroulad ar gadau-
laxavs. 1828 wlis 14 ivniss arpaCai gadaiara
§2. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1828 wels erTma brigadam, momdevno dReebSi _ danar-
Cenma jarebma. giumridan yarsamde 65 versi
sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1828 wels erT- iyo. 19 ivniss brigadas pirveli Sejaxebebi
droulad daiwyo balkaneTsa da samxreT ka- mouxda osmalTa piketebTan. ruseTis jar-
vkasiaSi. balkaneTSi SeWrisaTvis Tavmoyrili ebma yarsTan moiyares Tavi. osmalTa jaris
ruseTis jarebi bevrad aRemateboda samxreT nawili yarsis citadelSi iyo gamagrebuli,
kavkasiaSi ganlagebul jarebs. 1828 wels nawils ki qalaqis garSemo ekava strategiuli
ruseTis armiam mdinare pruti gadalaxa da poziciebi. 23 ivniss rusebis artileriam da-
moldovis samTavros teritoriaze Sevida. bomba yarsis garSemo ganlagebuli mowinaaRm-
Semdeg rusebma daikaves qalaqebi iasi da degis poziciebi. osmalebi medgrad icavdnen
buqaresti..
buqaresti Tavs, gansakuTrebiT Zlieri brZolebi mimdi-
1. sabrZolo moqmedebebi kavkasiis fron- nareobda yarsis citadelis gareT, somxur
tze. marTalia
marTalia, ivan paskeviCs peterburgis ubanSi. rusebis artileriam TiTqmis mTli-
mier dasaxuli sabrZolo moqmedebis gegmis anad daangria qalaq yarsis garSemo arsebuli
Sesasruleblad aucilebeli jari ar hyavda, simagreebi. daiwyo mzadeba yarsze SetevisaT-
arc sabrZolo saWurvlisa da proviantis sevis. citadelis dabombvas garnizonma Zlieri
riozuli maragi gaaCnda, magram mdgomareobas saartilerio cecxliT upasuxa, magram male
amsubuqebda Ralib faSas mier daSvebuli Sec- yarsis faSa eminma cixis galavanze TeTri
domebi da arzrumSi anatoliis armiis Tav- droSa gadmokida. rusebma emin faSas Sem-
moyris procesis gaWianureba. Seqmnil viTa- degi pirobebi wauyenes: 1. yarsis faSa Tavs
rebaSi paskeviCma gadawyvita osmalebisaTvis rusebis samxedro tyved aRiarebda; 2. yar-
daeswro. sis citadelis garnizoni iaraRs Caabarebda,
1828 wlis 5 ivniss paskeviCi Tbilisidan ris Semdegac osmalebs Seuferxeblad unda
gavida, raTa sabrZolo moqmedebebisaTvis daetovebinaT cixe-simagre, rusebs garnizo-
adgilze exelmZRvanela. kavkasiis mTavarsar- nis oficrebi da jariskacebi tyved ar unda
dali giumrSi (aleqsandropolSi) Cavida da aeyvanaT; 3. yarsis midamoebSi ganlagebuli
jarebs mdinare arpaCais marjvena napirze ga- osmaleTis jaris bedi ruseTis sardlo-
dasvla da osmaleTis sazRvrebSi SeWra ubr- bis Sexedulebisamebr unda gadawyvetiliyo.
Zana. mdinareze pirveli donis kazakTa polke-
417
emin faSa drois mogebas iTxovda, risTvisac gaiara artaani ((ardagani)

ardagani) da arzrumis dacvi-
ori dRe iTxova. am droisaTvis muhamed faSa saTvis moemzada. osmalo faSam ar icoda, rom
20.000 mebrZoliT yarsidan erTi dRis saval- paskeviCi arzrumze Setevas arc apirebda. ru-
ze imyofeboda. kazakTa piketebma muhamed seTis jarSi Savma Wirma iCina Tavi. erT dReSi
faSas mzveravi razmebi yarsidan 5-6 versis bevri rusi jariskaci daiRupa, 203 oficeri
moSorebiT SeniSnes. paskeviCma gadawyvita da jariskaci 8-9 dRe karantinSi imyofeboda.
swrafad emoqmeda da emin faSas pasuxs aRar Savi Wiris Cacxra Tu ara, kavkasiis mTavarsar-
axalqalaqis cixe
dalodeboda. yarsis citadelisa da qalaqis dalma axalcixeze salaSqrod iwyo mzadeba.

dabombva mTeli Rame grZeldeboda, praqtiku- axalqalaqis aReba. yarsidan axalcixemde
lad, qalaqi ukve gadamwvari iyo. 1828 wlis 23 ori gza midioda: pirveli artaanis, xolo
ivniss, diliT yarsis garnizonma kapitulacia meore axalqalaqis gavliT. ivan paskeviCma
gamoacxada. rusebs nadavlis saxiT darCaT meore gza arCia, radgan igi ruseTis sazRvar-
151 zarbazani, tyved aiyvanes 1.350 mebrZoli. Tan ufro axlos gadioda. mis daqvemdebare-
brZolaSi daiRupa 1, daiWra 13 rusi oficeri, baSi myofi 15 batalionidan yarsis safaSos
daiWra 248 jariskaci. 24 ivniss paskeviCi Ta- dasacavad paskeviCma 6 batalioni datova,
vis StabTan erTad yarsSi Sevida da 25 ivniss sul axalcixeze salaSqrod is 9 batalioniT,
iq rusebma imperator nikolai I-is dabadebis donis kazakTa 6 polkiTa da 46 zarbazniT
dRe aRniSnes. gaemarTa. imTaviTve cxadi iyo, rom am Za-
yarsis garnizoni 1828 wlis 23 ivniss lebiT axalcixis aReba Zalze gaWirdeboda,
dilis 10 saaTze danebda. male gairkva, rom miT ufro, rom jer axalqalaqis dakaveba iyo
muhamed faSa 20.000 mebrZoliT yarsidan 1 aucilebeli. yarsis safaSos teritoriaze
saaTis savalze imyofeboda. mis Sesaxvedrad ganlagebuli ruseTis jarebis (yirimis qveiT-
paskeviCma general nikolai muraviovis briga- Ta, egerTa 39-e, egerTa me-40 polkebi, do-
da gagzavna. muhamed faSam gaiTvaliswina, rom nis kazakTa, me-20 saartilerio brigadebi, 12
arzrumi sruliad daucveli iyo, ukan daixia, qvemexi) meTaurad kavkasiis mTavarsardalma
418
vaxtang guruli
general-maiori aleqsandr berxmani datova, ar gauwevia. xerTvisis cixis dakavebis Semdeg

xolo Tavad ZiriTadi ZalebiT 1828 wlis 17 raevskim nadavlis saxiT xelT igdo 13 zarba-
ivliss axalcixisaken daiZra. 19 ivliss ruse- zani. man cixeSi mcirericxovani garnizoni
bi ukve Cildiris tbas miadgnen, xolo 22 iv- datova.
liss axalqalaqs miaRwies. daRamda Tu ara, axalcixis aReba. xerTvisis aRebis drois-
rusma artileristebma general-maior niko- aTvis ruseTis jaris mTavari Zalebi jer
lai korolkovis xelmZRvanelobiT axalqa- kidev axalqalaqTan idga, saiTkenac gadasro-
laqis garSemo saalyo zarbaznebis ganlageba lil iqna axali Zalebi: manglisidan _ erevnis
daiwyes. zarbaznebis ganlageba warmatebiT qveiTi polkis 1 batalioni; baSkiCetidan _
dasrulda 23 ivlisis dilisaTvis da rusebma egreTa 41-e polkis 1 batalioni da 21-e saa-
axalqalaqis citadelis Zlieri dabombva dai- rtilerio brigadis 2 zarbazani; giumridan
wyes. 18 saalyo zarbazani gamudmebiT uSenda _ kozlovskis polkis 2 aseuli; walkidan _
yumbarebs citadels. dabombvis Sedegad ax- xersonis grenaderTa polkis 2 aseuli. ufro
alqalaqis cixe seriozulad dazianda. ru- adre axalqalaqSi gadaiyvanes 250 doneli ka-
seT-osmaleTis omis dawyebis Semdeg axalqa- zaki da 200 TaTari cxenosani borCalodan.
laqidan osmalTa garnizoni gaiyvanes da igi mtkvris xeobiT axalqalaqisaken miemarTebo-
lazebiT Caanacvles. saartilerio dabombvis da xersonis grenaderTa polkis 6 aseuli.
dros lazebis nawilma brZola miatova da axalqalaqidan axalcixisaken ori gza
gaiqca. gaiqca cixis komendanti farhad beic
beic.. midioda: pirveli
pirveli,, romlis sigrZe 160 verss
gaqceulebidan cocxali TiTqmis aravin ar udrida, artaanze gadioda da vargisi iyo
gadarCenila, 24 ivliss rusma kavaleristebma rogorc qveiTi jaris gadasayvanad, ise aRa-
isini daxoces. axalqalaqSi 23 ivliss rusebma lis moZraobisaTvis. meore gza,
gza, romlis sig-
tyved aiyvanes axalqalaqis bei, 16 oficeri da rZe 60 versi iyo, cixisjvarze gadioda. am
300 rigiTi mebrZoli, xelT igdes 14 zarba- gzaze aRalis moZraoba Zalze gaWirdeboda.
zani. axalqalaqis citadelis dauflebidan ivan paskeviCma mainc meore, umoklesi, gza ar-
didi dro ar iyo gasuli, rodesac rusebma Cia, radgan SiSobda, rom SemovliTi gza jars
Seityves, rom artaanidan axalqalaqisaken daagvianebda, rac osmalebs axalcixis garni-
osmaleTis kavaleria miemarTeboda, raTa zonis gasaZliereblad dros miscemda. daiZra
cixeSi myof lazebs daxmareboda. osmalTa Tu ara jari, rusebma sagangaSo cnoba miiRes:
kavaleriasTan Sesaxvedrad niJegorodis dra- muhamed faSa yarsis cixidan rusebis garnizo-
gunTa polki gaemarTa. osmaleTis kavaleriis nis, gandevna gadaifiqra, yarss gverdi auara
meTaurma Seityo Tu ara, rom axalqalaqi ukve da artaanisaken aiRo gezi. TviTmxilvelebi
rusebis mier iyo dakavebuli, maSinve ukan amtkicebdnen, rom osmalo faSas 30.000 me-
gabrunda. rusi generlebisa da oficrebis brZoli hyavda, xolo SeiaraRebaze 15 zarba-
nawili axalqalaqis cixis safuZvlianad dan- zani gaaCnda. Seqmnil viTarebaSi paskeviCis
grevas uWerda mxars. paskeviCi miiCnevda, winaSe kvlav dadga axalcixisaken mimavali
rom axalqalaqi mniSvnelovani strategiuli gzis arCevis sakiTxi. Tavdapirvelad kavka-
simagre iyo, ris gamoc mis dangrevaze uari siis mTavarsardali fiqrobda axalcixeze ar-
Tqva da iq ruseTis jaris garnizoni Caayena. taanis gavliT (e.i SemovliTi grZeli gziT)
xerTvisis aReba. axalqalaqis dakavebis daZruliyo da, pirvel rigSi, muhamed faSas
Semdeg axalcixisaken mimaval gzaze mniS- jari gaenadgurebina. amave dros, paskeviCs
vnelovan cixe-simagres warmoadgenda xerT- eWvi epareboda im cnobebis sizusteSi, rom-
visi.. xerTvisSi Tavs iyrida artaanidan, ax-
visi lebic muhamed faSas jaris raodenobisa da
alqalaqidan da axalcixidan momavali gzebi. moZraobis marSrutis Sesaxeb miiRo. igi arc-
xerTvisis cixis dasakaveblad ivan paskeviCma Tu usafuZvlod fiqrobda, rom xmebi faSas
gamoyo grenaderTa 1 brigada, niJegorodis artaanis mimarTulebiT galaSqrebis Sesaxeb
dragunTa polkis 1 divizioni da 200 TaTari Tavad osmalebis mier iyo darxeuli, raTa
cxenosani. jaris meTauroba general-maior paskeviCi aeZulebinaT axalcixisaken Semov-
fon der osten-sakens daevala. 26 ivliss xerT- liTi, 160-versiani, gziT daZruliyo, rac ax-
visisaken polkovnik raevskis meTaurobiT ka- alcixesTan ruseTis jaris swrafad misvlas
valeria daiZra da male cixes miuaxlovda. gamoricxavda. bolos kavkasiis mTavarsar-
cixis garnizons rusebisaTvis winaaRmdegoba dalma aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRo: kavaler-
419
istTa razmi artaanis mimarTulebiT gagzavna, Sas moaxloebis ambavi Seityves. 4 agvistos
raTa muhamed faSas ganzraxvis Sesaxeb zusti monacemebiT paskeviCis daqvemdebarebaSi 8.000
informacia mieRo, Tavad paskeviCi ki cixis- oficeri da jariskaci iyo. jari, ra Tqma
jvris gavliT (e.i mokle, 60-versiani gziT) unda, mcire iyo, magram oficerTa da jaris-
axalcixisaken daiZra. mTebze gamavali gza Za- kacTa umravlesobas jer kidev aleqsei ermo-
lze Zneli dasaZlevi aRmoCnda. urTulesi gza lovis mTavarsardlobis dros didi sabrZo-
jarma sam dReSi gaiara da 1828 wlis 3 agvis- lo gamocdileba hqonda miRebuli, isini sul
tos axalcixes miuaxlovda. paskeviCma jari cota xnis win yarsTan gamarTuli brZolebis
axalcixis aReba. ianuare suhodolskis naxati
mtkvris napirze SeaCera da ukan CamorCenil monawilenic iyvnen. male 8.000 rusi 40.000
nawilebs daeloda. 4 agvistos mtkvris mar- osmalos daupirispirdeboda.
cxena napirze arsebul rusebis banakSi jar- 1828 wlis 4 agvistos, SuadRisas, axal-
ebis Tavmoyra dasrulda. rusebi axalcixidan cixis citadelidan saartilerio dabombva
6,5 versis moSorebiT iyvnen dabanakebulni. 4 Sewyda, samagierod, garnizonma Tofebidan
agvistos paskeviCTan gamocxadda muhamed fa- Zlieri cecxli gauxsna rusebis saintenden-
Sas jarebis Sesaxeb cnobebis Sesagroveblad to nawilebs, romlebic cixis galavansa da
gagzavnili kavalerisTa razmis meTauri kapi- rusebis banaks Soris cxenebisaTvis Tivas
tani begliarevi da mTavarsardals moaxsena: amzadebdnen. paskeviCma egerTa 39-e polkis 1
muhamed faSam artaani gamoiara da dResve, e. batalioni podpolkovnik miklaSevskis meTau-
i. 4 agvistosve, axalcixes moadgebao. male robiT mtkvris marjvena napirze gadaiyvana da
axalcixis citadelidan rusebis banakis saswrafod redutis ageba ubrZana. redutis
mimarTulebiT zarbaznebidan cecxli gaxsnes. ageba gonivruli gadawyvetileba gamodga. 5
paskeviCi mixvda, rom osmalebma muhamed fa- agvistos paskeviCma jaris danarCeni nawilic
420
vaxtang guruli
marjvena napirze gadaiyvana. jarebis mdin- cnobiT, osmalTa jari oTx nawilad iyo gayo-
areze gadasvlas icavda egerTa 42-e polki fili: erTi nawili cixis CrdiloeTiT idga,
12 zarbazniT. osmalebma rogorc egerTa 42- meore _ dasavleTiT, xolo mesame da meoTxe
e, ise mdinareze gadasvlisaTvis momzadebul _ axalcixidan artaanisaken mimavali gzis da-
danarCen polkebs Zlieri cecxli gauxsnes. sawyisSi. paskeviCma gadawyvita, rom pirvelad
mtkvarze gadasvla Seferxdeboda, rom pod- cixis CrdiloeTiT ganlagebuli osmalTa
polkovnik miklaSevskis redutidan sapasuxo banakisaTvis SeetiaT. SetevisaTvis gamzade-
cecxli ar gaexsna. rusebma mtkvari gada- buli jari ase ganlagda: marcxena flangze
laxes, win waiwies da Sua dRisas mdinare fo- idga erevnis qveiTi polkis 1 batalioni da
cxovis napirze, axalcixis galavnis samxreTi egerTa 41-e polkis 1 batalioni 6 zarbazniT;
kedlis siaxloves SeCerdnen. centrSi _ xersonis grenaderTa polkis 6
ivan paskeviCma axalcixeze Setevis gegma aseuli 4 zarbazniT; marjvena flangze _ Sir-
Seadgina. man yuradReba miaqcia erT-erT gor- vanis qveiTi polki, kozlovskis qveiTTa pol-
aks, romelic zed dahyurebda axalcixis cit- kis 2 aseuli, qveiTTa 1 aseuli 2 zarbazniT.
adels. kavkasiis mTavarsardalma gadawyvita rezervSi idga mTeli kavaleria da egerTa
es goraki gamoeyenebina axalcixeze Stur- 42-e polki. rezervis ganlagebaSi imyofeboda
misaTvis. 5 agvistos rusebi Setevaze gadav- kavkasiis mTavarsardalic. donis kazakTa 2
idnen da es strategiuli mniSvnelobis simaR- polks general-maior muraviovsa da Setevaze
le ubrZolvelad daikaves. 5 agvistos jarebi gadasul jars Soris kavSiris uzrunvelyofa
axalcixeze SetevisaTvis ukve mzad iyvnen. 4-5 evaleboda.
agvistos gamarTuli Sejaxebebisas aSkara gax- 1828 wlis 9 agvistos dilis 6 saaTze
da, rom osmalebs rusebze gacilebiT Zlieri osmaleTa qveiTi jari Setevaze gadmovida,
kavaleria hyavdaT, aRarafers vambobT imaze, imavdroulad, osmalTa kavaleriam general-
rom osmalTa qveiTi jaric ramdenimejer aRe- maior nikolai muraviovis banaks Seutia, ma-
mateboda rusebisas. paskeviCma male Sevseba gram donis kazakTa orma polkma osmalTa
(13,5 batalioni) miiRo. osmalTa sardlobam kavaleria ukuaqcia. yvela mimarTulebiT cx-
miutevebeli Secdoma dauSva: 5 agvistodan are brZolebi mimdinareobda. rusebma pirvel
3 dRis ganmavlobaSi osmalebi srul iner- ieriSs meorec miayoles, magram maleve uku-
tulobas iCendnen, ramac rusebs saSualeba iqcnen. osmalebma 30 wuTi Seisvenes da meore
misca safuZvlianad momzadebuliyvnen ieri- ieriSi daiwyes. dRis 2 saaTze orive mxarem
SisaTvis. 8 agvistos paskeviCma cnoba miiRo: brZola droebiT Sewyvita. ganaxlda Tu ara
osmalTa jari, 10.000 gamuslimebuli lazi brZola, Setevaze 42-e polki gadavida gener-
mebrZoli, axalcixis garnizonis dasaxmare- al-maior nikolai korolkovis meTaurobiT.
blad moemarTeboda. paskeviCi mixvda, Tu wina osmalebma Zlieri cecxliT rusebis Seteva
dReebSi ratom ar aqtiurobda axalcixis gar- SeaCeres. jariskacebis gamxnevebis mizniT
nizoni: osmalebi lazebis gamoCenas elodnen. general-maiori korolkovi win gaiWra. os-
kavkasiis mTavrsardalma saswrafod Sekriba malebma generali sasikvdilod daWres, ramac
samxedro sabWo. mdgomareoba sagangaSo iyo: rusTa rigebSi areuloba Seitana. mdgomareo-
osmalebi lazebis jaris gareSec bevrad aRe- ba Sirvanis qveiTTa polkis gamoCenam ixsna.
matebodnen rusebs.
rusebs. Seqmnil viTarebaSi ofi- gaimarTa xelCarTuli brZola. axalcixis
cerebis nawili paskeviCs urCevda mtkvris garSemo ganlagebulma osmalTa damxmare ko-
xeobiT saswrafod daexiaT ukan Tbilisisaken rpusma ukan daixia. paskeviCma sayovelTao
da axalcixeze laSqroba jaris Sevsebis Sem- Setevis dawyeba brZana. rusebma erTmane-
deg daewyoT. samxedro sabWom ukan daxevas Tis miyolebiT gaanadgures osmalTa oTxive
mxari ar dauWira. gadawyda moulodnelad banaki. ukan daxeuli osmalTa qveiTi jarisa
mTeli ZalebiT SeetiaT osmalebisaTvis. 8 da kavaleriis ganadgurebaSi Tavi gamoiCines
agvistos saRamos paskeviCma Sesabamisi br- niJegorodis dragunTa da donis kazakTa
Zanebebi gasca: general-maiori nikolai mu- polkebma, romelTac tyved Caigdes 500 os-
raviovi grenaderTa brigadiT rusebis banakSi malo, zarbaznebi da aRali. rusebis kavale-
unda darCeniliyo. jaris ZiriTadi nawiliTa riam osmalebis devna axalcixidan 20 versis
(8 batalioniT) da 25 zarbazniT ivan paskev- manZilze gaagrZela da axalcixeSi mxolod 10
iCs Seteva unda daewyo. ruseTis dazvervis agvistos dabrunda. axalcixesTan ganlagebu-
421
li osmalTa jaris oTxi banakis ganadgurebi- iyo: daiWra da daiRupa 62 oficeri da 600
saTvis brZolaSi rusebma 1 generali, 32 ofi- jariskaci. rusebs nadavlis saxiT darCaT os-
ceri da 495 jariskaci dakarges. malTa 52 droSa da 67 zarbazani.
axalcixis garSemo ganlagebuli os- axalcixis dakavebis Semdeg qalaqis mTa-
malTa jarebi ganadgurda, magram brZolas vari meCeTi marTlmadideblur eklesiad ga-
ganagrZobda axalcixis citadelSi ganla- dakeTda da igi RvTismSoblis miZinebis sax-
gebuli osmalTa garnizoni. ivan paskeviCma elze ekurTxa.
citadelze Setevis drod 15 agvistos naSua- 1828 wlis 17 agvistos ivan paskeviCma ax-
dRevis 4 saaTi daniSna. rusebma Seteva zarba- alcixis safaSos gauqmeba da rusuli mmarTv-
znebidan citadelis Zlieri dabombvis Semdeg elobis SemoReba gamoacxada. yofili safaSos
daiwyes. osmalebi organizebulad icavdnen teritoriaze axalcixis olqi Seiqmna, olqis
Tavs. naSuadRevis 6 saaTisaTvis citadel- ufrosad general-maiori vasili bebuTovi
is SturmSi paskeviCma xersonis grenaderTa dainiSna.
da egerTa 42-e polkebi Caaba. 50 zarbazani awyuris aReba. 1828 wlis 17 agvistos ivan
ganuwyvetliv bombavda qalaq axalcixesa da paskeviCma general-leitenant ivan vadbols-
citadels. 15 agvistos saRamos 7 saaTisaTvis kis meTaurobiT awyuris dasakaveblad daZra
aSkara gaxda, rom osmalTa garnizoni mZime jari. generlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo qveiTTa
mdgomareobaSi Cavarda, Tumca citadelis 1 batalioni, kazakTa 2 polki da 6 zarbazani.
Cabarebas osmalebi ar apirebdnen. 15 agvis- awyurSi osmalebs arcTu ise Zlieri garni-
tos qalaqSi gaCenili xanZari RamiT kidev zoni hyavdaT. cixeSi gamagrebuli iyo 500
ufro gaZlierda, 16 agvistos diliT mTeli gamuslimebuli qarTveli (lazi) da 1.000 ga-
qalaqi iwvoda. 16 agvistos diliT muhamed muslimebuli adgilobrivi mcxovrebi (mesxi).
faSam xuTdRiani droebiTi dazaveba iTxova. ivan vadbolskim daaskvna, rom qveiTi jariT
paskeviCma faSas danebebisaTvis 5 saaTi mis- awyuris cixeze Seteva rusebs did msxverp-
ca. kavkasiis mTavarsardali muhamed faSas lad daujdebodaT. generali mzad iyo, rom
daemuqra: Tu osmalebi qalaqs 5 saaTis gan- awyuris cixis alya daewyo, Tumca afiqrebda
mavlobaSi ar Caabarebdnen, dauyonebliv ga- erTi ram: awyuris cixeSi arsebuli sabrZolo
naxldeboda zarbaznebidan qalaqis dabombva. masalisa da sursaTis didi maragi garnizons
danebebis SemTxvevaSi axalcixis garnizonis saSualebas miscemda cixe didxans da warmate-
SeiaraReba da mTeli qoneba, maT Soris sabr- biT daecva. bolos vadbolskim awyuris cixe-
Zolo droSebi, uklebliv unda CaebarebinaT Si axalcixidan Camoyvanili gamuslimebuli
rusebisaTvis. muhamed faSam xanmokle fiqris mesxebis warmomadgenlebi Segzavna. mesxebma
Semdeg kapitulacia gamoacxada da Tavisi lazebi daarwmunes, rom brZolas azri ar
gadawyvetileba oficialurad acnoba kavka- hqonda. lazebma cixe datoves, brZolaze
siis mTavarsardals. 1828 wlis 16 agvistos, uari Tqves adgilobrivma mesxebmac. ruseTis
dilis 8 saaTze, qarTvel grenaderTa polki jarma awyuris cixe ubrZolvelad daikava.
axalcixeSi Sevida da citadelze ruseTis im- artaanis dakaveba. awyuris dakavebis Sem-
periis droSa aRmarTa. paskeviCi axalcixeSi deg ruseTis jarma artaani (ardagani) daikava.
mxolod citadelze droSis aRmarTvis Semdeg artaanis dakavebis pativi qalaq yarsis rusul
Sevida. garnizons xvda. mas Semdeg, rac 1828 wlis 9
uSualod qalaq axalcixisa da citadel- agvistos axalcixis garSemo ganlagebuli os-
isaTvis brZolaSi osmalebma didi danakargi malTa jaris oTxi banakis ganadgurebis ambavi
ganicades. axalcixis garnizonidan (4.000 me- Setyo, yarsis safaSoSi ganlagebuli ruseTis
brZoli) cocxali gadarCa mxolod 50 osma- jaris meTaurma general-maiorma aleqsandr
lo, cocxali gadarCa aseve citadelSi myofi berxmanma qveiTTa 2 batalioni da kazakTa 3
100 ianiCari. axalcixeSi myofi 1.800 gamus- aseuli 4 zarbazniT artaanis dasakaveblad
limebuli qarTvelidan (lazidan) brZolaSi gagzavna. am jaris meTauroba general-maior
daiRupa 1.300, qalaqis dabombvisa da ruseTis fiodor bekoviC-Cerkaskis daevala. yarsi-
qveiTi jaris Sturmis dros daiRupa qalaqis dan artaanisaken jari 17 agvistos daiZra.
mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili (daaxloe- axalcixidan uwesrigod ukan daxeulma os-
biT 3.000 kaci, maT Soris ramdenime aseuli malebma artaanis garnizons daxmareba ver
qali). rusebis danakargi SedarebiT naklebi aRmouCines. bekoviC-Cerkaskis SesaCereblad
422
vaxtang guruli
daZrulma osmalTa cxenosanma jarma maleve da jariskaci. am razmis meTauroba daevala

ukan daixia, rusebs sastiki winaaRmdegoba somxeTis olqis ufross general-maior ale-
mxolod qurTebma gauwies. osmalTa cxenos- qsandre WavWavaZes
WavWavaZes.. general WavWavaZis razms
ani jarisa da qurTebis damarcxebis Semdeg ruseTis imperiis sazRvrebi unda daecva bai-
bekoviCma Seityo, rom 16 agvistos rusebma azeTis safaSodan osmalTa Semotevis SemTx-
axalcixis citadeli aiRes. artaanis gaTavi- vevaSi. baiazeTis safaSos somxeTis olqidan
suflebisaTvis xelsayreli pirobebi Seiqmna. maRali mTagrexili gamohyofda, safaSos mo-
osmalebma winaaRmdegoba veRar gaswies da ar- saxleobis umetesobas (18.000 suli) somxebi
taani datoves. male paskeviCi Tavisi StabiT Seadgendnen, romlebic bevrad aRematebodnen
artaanSi gadavida. artaanis midamoebSi dai- osmalebs. somxebisa da osmalebis raodeno-
wyo Tavmoyra ruseTis jaris mniSvnelovanma bas bevrad CamorCebodnen qurTebi. paskeviCi
Zalebma. artaanTan dajgufebul ruseTis jer-jerobiT baiazeTis safaSos teritoriis
jarebis umTavres amocanad kavkasiis mTa- dakavebas ar apirebda, miuxedavad imisa, rom
varsardali yarsis safaSos teritoriis dac- safaSos teritoriaze gadioda trapizoni-
vas da arzrumis mxridan osmalTa mosalodne- dan momavali didi savaWro gza (trapizoni _
li Semotevis mogeriebas miiCnevda. artaanSi arzrumi _ Tavrizi). paskeviCi miiCnevda, rom
myofma paskeviCma moulodnelad Seityo, rom baiazeTis safaSoSi mas Semdeg unda SeWril-
general-maiorma aleqsandre WavWavaZem mas- iyo, rac ruseT-iranis omis dasrulebis Sem-
Tan SeuTanxmeblad mTeli baiazeTis safaSo deg iranSi datovebuli ruseTis jari dab-
da baiazeTis cixe daikava. rundeboda. iranidan jaris dabrunebisTanave
anapis aReba. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 paskeviCma WavWavaZes baiazeTis safaSos teri-
wlebis omis dros rusebma ver moaxerxes toriaze sabrZolo moqmedebebis dawyeba ubr-
Crdilo-aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi umniS- Zana.
vnelovanesi cixe-simagris anapis aReba. ana- 1828 wlis agvistos bolos aleqsandre
pis aReba ruseTis sardlobis erT-erT mniS- WavWavaZem laSqroba daiwyo. am droisaTvis
vnelovan amocanas warmoadgenda 1828-1829 mis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: naSeburgis qveiTTa
wlebis omSic. anapidan osmaleTis garnizonis polkis 2 batalioni, sevastopolis qveiTTa
gandevnis gareSe rusebi kontrols ver daa- polkis 3 aseuli, donis kazakTa 2 aseuli,
myarebdnen yubanispireTSi, gansakuTrebiT somxebisa da TaTrebis cxenosanTa 4 aseu-
mdinare yubanis marcxena napirze mdebare ter- li (sul 1.400 qveiTi da 500 cxenosani) da 6
itoriaze. am teritorias gadamwyveti mniSvn- savele zarbazani. am mcire ricxovani razmiT
eloba eniWeboda CerqezeTis damorCilebis WavWavaZe baiazeTis dakavebasa da Semdeg ana-
brZolaSi. anapisaTvis brZola 1828 wlis mais- toliis provinciis siRrmeSi SeWras apirebda.
ivnisSi mimdinareobda. Cerqezebi cdilobdnen es sakmaod gabeduli gadawyvetileba iyo.
ruseTis jaris kordoni gaerRviaT da anapis 1828 wlis 25 agvistos aleqsandre
jaris garnizons daxmarebodnen. 1828 wlis WavWavaZis razmma somxeTis olqisa da bai-
28 maiss rusebma sisxlismRvreli brZolebis azeTis safaSos teritoriis gamyofi maRali
Semdeg sabolood aRkveTes anapaSi CerqezTa mTagrexili gadalaxa, mis Sesaxvedrad daZ-
Sesvlis saSiSroeba. 10 ivniss daiwyo anapis ruli osmalTa cxenosani jari gafanta da
Sturmi, 12 ivniss cixe-simagris garnizonma 27 agvistos baiazeTidan 3 versis moSorebiT
kapitulacia gamoacxada. brZolaSi daiRu- SeCerda. 28 agvistos diliT WavWavaZesTan ga-
pa 270 rusi oficeri da jariskaci, rusebma mocxadda baiazeTis cixis komendantis bil-
tyved igdes 4.000 osmalo. iul faSas warmomadgeneli. faSa WavWavaZes
2. general-maior aleqsandre WavWavaZis sTxovda 28 agvistos SuadRemde baiazeTze
laSqroba baiazeTis safaSoSi. 1828 wlis ivnis- Seteva ar daewyo, raTa am xnis ganmavlobaSi
Si ruseTis jarma mdinare arpaCai gadalaxa da garnizons cixis dacla da qalaqis datove-
osmleTis teritoriaze Sevida. ivan paskevi- ba moeswro. WavWavaZem baiazeTis komendants
Cis brZanebis Tanaxmad erevanSi datovebu- Tanxmoba SeuTvala. gabrunda Tu ara ukan
li iqna arc Tu ise mravalricxovani razmi: faSas warmomadgeneli, kazakTa mzveravma
sevastopolis qveiTTa polkis 2 batalioni, razmebma WavWavaZes acnobes, rom samxreTi-
egerTa 41-e polkis 6 aseuli da donis kaza- dan baiazeTs qurTi mebrZolebis razmi (2.000
kTa 1 polki, sul daaxloebiT 2.000 oficeri _ 3.000 kaci) uaxlovdeboda. WavWavaZisaTvis
423
cxadi gaxda, rom baiazeTis faSam molapara- jer kidev grZeldeboda, rodesac WavWavaZem
kebiT mxolod drois mogebas cdilobda. arzrumidan baiazeTze osmalTa mier dawye-
sinamdvileSi osmalebi cixis dasacavad emza- buli Setevis Sesaxeb Seityo. baiazeTis ko-
debodnen. WavWavaZem naSeburgis qveiTTa mendants Savi Wiris epidemiis winaaRmdeg br-
polkis 2 aseuls ubrZana dauyonebliv dae- Zolis gagrZeleba ubrZana, Tavad ki egerTa
kavebinaT baiazeTis garSemo arsebuli si- 41-e polkis 2 aseuliT osmalTa jaris Ses-
maRleebi da garnizonisaTvis wylis maragis axvedrad daiZra da alaSkertTan osmalTa
Sevsebis saSualeba aRar miecaT. rogorc ki da qurTTa gaerTianebuli jari daamarcxa.
naSeburgis qveiTTa polkis orma aseulma sa- am gamarjvebis Semdeg 1828 wlis 18 oqtomb-
brZolo poziciebis dakaveba daiwyo, osmalTa ers aleqsandre WavWavaZem winsvla gaagrZela.
garnizoni baiazeTidan zarbaznebiT rusebis mcirericxovani razmiT osmalTa jaris dev-
poziciebis dabombvas Seudga. baiazeTSi na metad sarisko iyo, ris gamoc aleqsandre
mcxovrebi somxebi winaaRmdegobis gawevas ar WavWavaZem 28 agvistos ruseTis sazRvrisaken
apirebdnen. moulodnelad qurTebi, romelT- ukan daxeva daiwyo. paskeviCma CaTvala, rom
ac sabrZolo poziciebi qalaqis maxloblad WavWavaZis razms ganadgureba eloda. kavkasi-
mdebare gorakebze daikaves, ukan gabrund- is mTavarsardalma general-maior aleqsandr
nen. ruseTis artileriam Zlierad dabomba berxmans ubrZana yarsis garnizonis ZalebiT
baiazeTis is ubnebi, sadac muslimebi cxov- arzrumis safaSos teritoriaze SeWriliyo.
robdnen, rasac qalaqidan muslimTa maso- laSqrobis dawyebamde berxmanma Seityo, rom
brivi gaqceva mohyva. 28 agvistos aleqsandre WavWavaZem ukan daxevis manevri SesaniSnavad
WavWavaZis razmma qalaqi ubrZolvelad daika- ganaxorciela da osmalTa laSqari Camoito-
va, xolo male citadelic aiRo. biliul faSa va. arzrumis safaSos teritoriaze laSqro-
daatyveves. rusebma xelT igdes 12 zarbazani. ba saWiro aRar gaxda da generali berxmanic
baiazeTis aRebis Semdeg aleqsandre yarsSi dabrunda.
WavWavaZem safaSos teritoria daikava, ris 1828 wlis noembris Sua ricxvebSi ira-
Semdegac ZiriTadi ZalebiT baiazeTSi da- nidan ruseTis jaris kidev erTi kontigenti
banakda. safaSos teritoriaze, kerZod dabrunda. paskeviCma general-maiori nikita
alaSkertSi,, ruseTis jaris 2 aseuli Caayenes.
alaSkertSi pankratievi baiazeTis teritoriaze ganlage-
baiazeTis safaSos dakavebis Semdeg WavWavaZe buli ruseTis jaris meTaurad daniSna, xolo
soflebSi jaris gamosakvebaT xorblis Seg- aleqsandre WavWavaZes erevanSi dabruneba
rovebas Seudga da sul mokle droSi sakmaod ubrZana.
didi maragic Seqmna. general-maior aleqsandre WavWavaZis
baiazeTSi dabrunebis Semdeg aleqsandre mier baiazeTis safaSosa da baiazeTis cixis
WavWavaZem mTavari meCeTis marTlmadideblur dakavebam ukiduresad aRaSfoTa paskeviCi.
taZraT gadakeTeba ganizraxa, romelic ale- rodesac paskeviCma WavWavaZes baiazeTis ter-
qsandre nevelis saxelze unda ekurTxebinaT. itoriaze laSqrobis dawyeba ubrZana, sulac
ivan paskeviCma meCeTis marTlmadideblur ar fiqrobda, rom generali mcirericxovani
eklesiad gadakeTeba akrZala. kavkasiis mTa- razmiT baiazeTis cixis uswrafesad aRebas
varsardalma Tavisi gadawyvetileba imiT ax- SeZlebda. baiazeTis cixis dakavebis pativi
sna, rom gaurkveveli iyo, SeuerTdeboda Tu paskeviCs unda rgeboda. kavkasiis mTavarsar-
ara sabolood baiazeTis safaSo ruseTis im- dali wyenas ar malavda, pativmoyvare genera-
perias. li iqamdec ki mivida, rom WavWavaZis samxedro
ruseTis jarebis mier baiazeTis safaSos tribunalisaTvis gadacema moindoma. kavka-
teritoriis dakavebam didi SeSfoTeba gamoi- siis mTavarsardali kargad xvdeboda, rom
wvia osmaleTis sulTnis karze. baiazeTi- WavWavaZis dadanaSauleba advili ar iqneboda,
dan arzrumamde sul 90 versi iyo. arzrumSi amitomac igi Zalzed frTxilad moqmedebda.
myofi osmalo seraskiri iZulebuli gaxda Tavdapirvelad paskeviCma WavWavaZes aT kiTx-
baiazeTis safaSodan ruseTis jaris gan- vaze pasuxis gacema mosTxova. yvela kiTxvas
devnaze ezruna. osmalTa mosalodneli Sete- WavWavaZem maRali profesionalizmiTa da
vis molodinSi myofi aleqsandre WavWavaZe RirsebiT upasuxa. ai, es kiTxvebi da pasuxebi:
Zalze mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo baiazeTSi 1. baiazeTis dakavebis Semdeg ratom
gaCenilma Savma Wirma. Savi Wiris epidemia gaagrZeleT laSqroba alaSkertis velze, riT-
424
vaxtang guruli
ac Tqven gaumarTleblad gaafarToveT sabr- vebis brZaneba ar momicia.

Zolo moqmedebebis sivrce? 4. me Tqven momaxseneT, rom alaSkertis
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: baiazeTis cixe miudgomeli iyo, imdenad, rom iq zarba-
dakavebis Semdeg osmalebma me Camabares sa- znebis ganlagebac ki ar iyo aucilebeli; mere
faSos teritoriaze arsebuli yvela simagris ki momaxseneT, rom alaSkertSi myof qveiTTa 2
gasaRebi, garda alaSkertisa. osmalTaT-
vis alaSkertis datoveba did upiratesobas
aZlevda mowinaaRmdeges, ris gamoc me ga-
davwyvite alaSkertze galaSqreba.
ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: `roca ar gibr-
Zaneben, maSin sayvedursac ver getyvian; pa-
suxs agebT ara Tqven, aramed Tqveni ufro-
soba~.
2. baiazeTis dakavebis Semdeg Tqven jarebi
unda mogemaragebinaT da dasvenebis saSualeba
migecaT, raTa momavali laSqrobisaTvis kar-
gad momzadebuliyaviT.
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: baiazeTis
dakavebis Semdeg me jaris momarageba daviwye,
ris Sesaxebac Tqven moagaxseneT kidec. das-
venebas jari ar saWiroebda, radgan jarSi ar
iyvnen ara Tu avadmyofebi, aramed laSqrobis
gamo dasustebulnic ki.
3. baiazeTSi Savi Wiris epidemia jer kidev
Sewyvetili ar iyo, ar iyo gayvanili gza bai-
azeTidan erevnamde, roca Tqven safaSos teri-
toriaze laSqroba gaagrZeleT da es xdeboda
ise, rom warmodgena ar gqondaT mowinaaRmde-
gis Zalebze.
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: baiazeTSi aleqsandre WavWavaZe
Savi Wiris epidemiis winaaRmdeg me, rac ki
SemeZlo, yovelgvari zoma miviRe. Savi Wiri
Camcxrali ar iyo, rodesac macnobes, rom aseuls kidev miaSveleT qveiTTa 1 aseuli da
alaSkertze salaSqrod daiZrnen osmalebi 2 zarbazani. aseTi winaaRmdegobrivi moxsene-
(4.000 mebrZoli). alaSkertis velis dakargva bebiT Tqven sardloba mZime mdgomareobaSi
strategiuli TvalsazrisiT me miuReblad CaagdeT.
CavTvale, ris gamoc gavemarTe alaSkertis aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: me savsebiT
garnizonis dasaxmareblad. sworad mogaxseneT, rom alaSkertis cixe mi-
ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: ratom? Tqven xom udgomelia; alaSkertisaken gavilaSqre ara
me marwmunebdiT, rom alaSkertis garnizoni imisTvis, rom garnizons davxmarebodi, ar-
osmalTa Semotevas gauZlebda?! amed imitom, rom osmaleTisaTvis ar mimeca
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: 1828 wlis soflebidan xorblis gatanis saSualeba.
23 seqtembers me Tqven mibrZaneT baiaze- alaSkertSi 1 aseuli da 2 zarbazani imi-
Tze galaSqreba. Cems daqvemdebarebaSi iyo tom gavgzavne, rom mosaxleoba damemSvide-
qveiTTa 6 aseuli, donis kazakTa polki da bina da Tanac mowinaaRmdegisaTvis ar mimeca
10 zarbazani. jars rom nela da Sesvenebe- alaSkertis garnizonis raodenobis dadgenis
biT emoZrava, baiazeTs mxolod oqtombris saSualeba.
Sua ricxvebSi miaRwevda, amitom vmoZraobdi ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: rac ufro meti
Cqara da Tanac velodi, rom Tqven damxmare zarbazani iqneba, miT ukeTesi.
Zalas momaSvelebdiT. aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: roca mowi-
ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: me Tqven laSqro- naaRmdegis Setevaze gadmosvlis Sesaxeb Sevi-
bis dawyeba gibrZaneT, magram baiazeTis daka- tyve, misi Sekaveba vcade, raTa soflebidan
425
xorblis gamotana mogveswro. araregularuli jaris imaze didi raodenoba

ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: ratom? Tqven xom aRmoCnda, vidre velodiT; miuxedavad amisa,
isec apirebdiT Setevas. Cems razms damxmare Zalis gareSec dasaxuli
5. Tqveni moxsenebebidan Cans, rom ori amocanis Sesruleba SeeZlo;
brZola ukve gadaixadeT da albaT sabrZolo ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: Tqven SecdiT da
saWurvlis maragi mTlianad daxarjeT; miuxe- lamis dakargeT jari.
davad amisa, ar macnobeT, sabrZolo saWurvlis 10. alaSkertis sanjayis dakavebis gareSe
ra maragi gaqvT da risi Sevseba gWirdebaT. jaris sursaTiT momarageba SeuZlebelic rom
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: ruseTis yofiliyo, Tqven mainc ukan unda dagexiaT,
sazRvrebSi dabrunebisas me kidev gamaCnda riskze ar unda wasuliyaviT da Seteva ar unda
567 yumbara zarbaznebisaTvis. dagewyoT. alaSkertis cixe unda dagetovebi-
ivane paskeviCis SeniSvna: es Zalian cotaa. naT, romelsac Cven zamTarSi isev davikavebdiT.
ratom ar darCiT erevanSi?. Tqven Tavs imarTlebT imiT, rom alaSkertis
6. me ar vici, gaqvT Tu ara sursaTis sakma- sanjanySi mcxovrebi qristianebis mitoveba
risi maragi. ar gsurdaT da gaviwydebaTYis, rom alaSker-
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: me Tqven teli qristianebi osmaleTis qveSevrdomebi
mogaxseneT, rom mxolod erTi raionidan 500 arian, Tqven ki, pirvel rigSi, Tqveni razmis us-
uremi xorbali gamovitane. afrTxoebaze unda gezrunaT.
7. Tqveni bolo moxsenebidan CemTvis cno- aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: iranidan
bili gaxda, rom mowinaaRmdegis alyaSi iyaviT damxmare jari aTi dRis dagvianebiTac rom
da Sor manZilze xorblis Sesagroveblad ver mosuliyo, me alaSkertis sanjays SevinarCu-
agzavnidiT jariskacebs. nebdi da xorblis Segrovebasac gavagrZeleb-
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: marTalia, di. alaSkertis sanjanySi xorblis didi mar-
kozlovskis polkis 2 aseulis mosvlamde Cven agi iyo, amitom gadavwyvite me misi SenarCu-
ar SegveZlo maxlobeli soflebidan xor- neba.
blis gamotana, Tumca xorblis gadasatani ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: Tqven danamd-
transportis naklebobas ar ganvicdidiT. ko- vilebiT icodiT, rom modioda nikita pan-
zlovskis polkis 2 aseulis mosvlis Semdeg kratievi, asakiT Tqvenze ufrosi da isic
mowinaaRmdegem ukan daixia da Cvenc soflebi- icodiT, rom igi Tqvens gankargulebaSi ar
dan xorblis gamotana gavagrZeleT. igzavneboda. me rom mcodnoda, rom alaSker-
ivan paskeviCis SeniSvna: ufrosobas unda tze laSqrobas apirebdiT, jaris meTaurobas
daemorCilo da ar imoqmedo sakuTari Sexed- adre CamogarTmevdiT.
ulebis mixedviT. aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxebis wakiTx-
8. Tqven gakvriT ixseniebdiT komunikaciis vis Semdeg dokumentze ivan paskeviCma aseTi
Sesaxeb, magram arafers ambobdiT mowinaaRmde- rezolucia daado: `àse ase Tavis marTleba ar
gis ra Zalebi moqmedebdnen Tqven winaaRmdeg. SeiZleba“.
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: me mogax- ivan paskeviCi kargad xedavda aleqsandre
senebdiT, rom gzebi saTanadod ar iyo dac- WavWavaZis did damsaxurebas, magram misi ja-
uli da isic gacnobeT, rom sxva sabrZolo ridan daTxovna gadawyvetili hqonda. kavkasi-
davalebas ver Sevasrulebdi. is mTavarsardalma ver daiviwya is wyena, ro-
ivane paskeviCis SeniSvna: maS ase, rogorc melic WavWavaZem baiazeTis dakavebiT miayena.
Cans gzebi saTanadod usafrTxo ar iyo. am gabeduli sabrZolo operaciiT qarTvelma
9. Tu Tqveni Zalebi sakmarisi ar iyo, axali generalma rus generals baiazeTSi triumfiT
laSqroba ar unda dagewyoT; mowinaaRmdegis Sesvlis siamovneba moaklo. WavWavaZisadmi
teritoriaze SeiWeriT ise, rom ar icodiT ra kavkasiis mTavarsardlis winaaRmdegobrivi
Zalebi moqmedebdnen Tqven winaaRmdeg da war- damokidebuleba kargad Cans ori dokumenti-
modgena ar gqondaT, risi gakeTeba an argakeTe- dan. 1828 wlis 28 oqtombers paskeviCi yarsis
ba SegeZloT. komendants, general-maior fiodor bekoviC-
aleqsandre WavWavaZis pasuxi: mowinaaR- Cerkaskis urCevda magaliTi general WavWava-
mdegis araregularuli jaris raodenobis Zisagan aeRo, romelmac gabeduli da swrafi
Sesaxeb zusti monacemebis miReba yovelTvis moqmedebiT baiazeTi daikava. meore dRes, 29
SeuZlebelia; amitom iyo, rom Cven winaaRmdeg oqtombers, aleqsandre WavWavaZisaTvis gag-
426
vaxtang guruli
zavnil werilSi paskeviCi mas mkacri da ud- Crdilo balkaneTidan samxreT balkaneTSi
ieri sityvebiT kicxavda baiazeTis safaSos ar gadasuliyo. rusebisaTvis did sirTules
teritoriaze Catarebuli samxedro moqmede- warmoadgenda balkaneTis mTebis gadalax-
bebisaTvis. ruseT-osmaleTis omis monawile va. Tu ruseTis jari mizans miaRwevda da
generlebma da oficrebma kargad uwyod- CrdiloeT balkaneTidan samxreT balkaneTSi
nen, rom paskeviCs principulad ar surda gadavidoda,safrTxe daemuqreboda stambols.
WavWavaZis mxedarTmTavruli niWis aRiareba brZolebi ganaxlda samxreT kavkasiaSic.
da yovelnairad cdilobda misi damsaxurebis 1. sabrZolo moqmedebebis gegma 1829
miCqmalvas. generlebisa da oficrebis aseTi wlisaTvis. 1828 wels dawyebuli omi 1829
ganwyobileba kidev ufro aRizianebda kavka- welsac gagrZelda. osmaleTi ar apirebda
siis mTavarsardals. igi yovelnairad cdi- Segueboda damarcxebas da yovelnairad cdi-
lobda WavWavaZe samsaxuridan daeTxova da lobda revanSi aeRo, ukan daebrunebina 1828
amisaTvis arafers aRar erideboda. paskev- wels dakarguli teritoriebi. 1829 wlis sa-
iCma Tanamdebobidan gadaayena kavkasiis ko- brZolo moqmedebebis gegma Seadgina kavkasiis
rpusis kavaleriis ufrosi general-maiori mTavarsardalmac. ivan paskeviCi apirebda ar-
nikolai raevski. man aleqsandre WavWavaZes zrumis dakavebas. Seteva unda ganviTarebu-
daavala monawileoba mieRo general raevskis liyo ori mxridan _ yarsidan da baiazeTidan
baiazeTidan..
mier sakavalerio nawilebis, konkretulad arzrumis dakavebis Semdeg Seteva unda ganev-
niJegorodis dragunTa polkis gadabare- iTarebinaT Savi zRvis sanapiros mimarTule-
baSi. cxadia, WavWavaZe mixvda, rom kavkasiis biT, daekavebinaT osmaleTis mniSvnelovani
mTavarsardals didi survili hqonda, ni- sazRvao simagre sinopi da iq dalodebodnen
Jegorodis dragunTa polkSi raime serio- ruseTis samxedro-sazRvao flots. sinopSi
zuli darRveva aRmoeCina da amiT nikolai Sesvlamde ruseTis samxedro sazRvao flots
raevskis gadayeneba gaemarTlebina. aleqsan- trapizoni unda daekavebina. amiT sabrZolo
dre WavWavaZem am samarcxvino misiis Ses- operaciebi osmaleTis aziur nawilSi das-
rulebaze uari ganacxada, riTac kavkasiis ruldeboda. dagegmili sabrZolo moqmedebi-
mTavarsardlis risxva daimsaxura. paskeviCma saTvis paskeviCi damatebiT iTxovda 6.000-
WavWavaZes Seuracmyofeli werili gaugzavna. 8.000 qveiTs. imperatorma paskeviCis gegma
es ukanaskneli aRar daeloda Tanamdebobidan moiwona, magram axali jarebis samxreT kavka-
gadayenebas da Tavad iTxova samxedro samsax- siaSi gadmosrolis moTxovna mxolod nawi-
uridan gadadgoma. imperatorma nikoloz I-ma lobriv daakmayofila.
Txovna ar daakmayofila. amasTan dakavSire- 2. guriis samTavro ruseT-osmaleTis
biT samxedro ministrma kavkasiis mTavarsar- 1828-1829 wlebis omSi. ruseT-osmaleTis ka-
dals miswera: imperatorma ar daakmayofila vkasiis frontis marjvena flangze, anu
WavWavaZis samxedro samsaxuridan gadadgomis guriis samTavrosa da aWaris sazRvris gas-
Txovna, magram Tu mas surs garkveuli drois wvriv, ganlagebul ruseTis jarTan erTad
ganmavlobaSi daisvenos, Tavisi janmrTelo- brZolisaTvis mzad iyo guriis, samegrelosa
bisa da ojaxis saqmeebs mixedos, SeuZlia da imereTis milicia (saxalxo laSqari). 1829
imden xans daisvenos, ramdensac Tavad CaTv- wlis ianvrisaTvis ruseTis jaris meTaur
lis saWirodo. aleqsandre WavWavaZem impera- general-maior karl hesses guriaSi jari ase
toris wyalobiT dauyonebliv isargebla da hyavda ganlagebuli: Coxatauris saguSagoze
frontidan TbilisSi dabrunda. _ 327 qveiTi 4 zarbazniT; nagomaris cixeSi
_ 165 qveiTi 1 zarbazniT; wm. nikolozis si-
magreSi (SekveTilSi) _ 317 qveiTi 2 zarba-
§3. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1829 wels. omis dasas- zniT; foTis cixeSi _ 496 qveiTi 4 zarbazniT.
ruli guriis milicia Semdeg punqtebSi iyo ganla-
gebuli: ozurgeTSi _ 500 mebrZoli, Coxatau-
sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1829 welsac or ris saguSagoze, askanisa da lixauris cix-
frontze _ balkaneTsa da samxreT kavkasiaSi eebSi _ 150 mebrZoli, miliciis erTi razmi
_ mimdinareobda. 1829 wels ruseTis armiam SekveTilSi,, xolo meore bukiscixeSi idga. am
SekveTilSi
balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze aiRo Zlieri razmebis mebrZolTa raodenoba cnobili ar
cixe-simagreebi Sulma da silistria
silistria.. osma- aris.
leTis sardloba cdilobda ruseTis jari
427
1829 wlis martis damdegs trapizonis deg osmalebma fiWvnaris banaki datoves da
faSa qehai oRlim aWaraSi 3.000 mebrZoli Sei- ukan daixies. hessem qobuleTis mimarTule-
yvana, baTumSi, Caqvsa da qobuleTSi kidev biT Seteva aRar gaagrZela, fiWvnaris simagre
5.000 mebrZoli Sekriba da trapizonidan daangria da ozurgeTSi dabrunda. mosalod-
damxmare jaris (10.000 mebrZoli) molodinSi neli iyo, rom osmalebi kvlav Seecdebodnen
mdinare kintriSsa da SekveTils Soris, qobu- guriaSi SemoWras, amitom iyo, rom hessem
leTis limanSi (fiWvnarSi) dabanakda. fiWvna- SekveTilSi 3 aseuli da 4 zarbazani datova.
ris banakis gamagreba osmalebma jer kidev osmalebma axalcixe ver aiRes, 1829 wlis
1828 wlis Semodgomaze daiwyes. 3 marts rusebma ahmed bei ximSiaSvilis moalye
1829 wlis TebervalSi osmaleTis sard- jari daamarcxes da ukuaqcies. amis Semdeg
lobam axalcixidan ruseTis jaris gandevna osmaleTis sardlobam ahmed bei ximSiaSvils
ganizraxa. Teberval-martSi axalcixis alyaze qobuleTSi aWarelTa didi razmis gagzavna
mdgar osmalTa korpuss zemo aWaris gamgebe- ubrZana. 20 da 30 marts trapizonidan qobu-
li ahmed bei ximSiaSvili meTaurobada. axal- leTSi 40 didi naviT 1.000 osmalo mebrZo-
cixisaTvis mimdinare brZolebis dros ruse- li movida da Tan didZali iaraRi da tyvia-
Tis sardlobam gadawyvita guriidan aWaraSi wamali moitana. male osmalebma qobuleTis
SeWriliyo, rac axalcixesTan myof aWarlebs sanjaySi 17.000 mebrZols mouyares Tavi. am
aiZulebda TavianT soflebs dabrunebodnen. jaridan 5.000 mebrZoli 2 zarbazniT limanSi
1829 wlis 28 TebervlisaTvis general-maior- (fiWvnarSi) dabanakda, xolo 3.000 mebrZoli
ma karl hessem CoxataurSi Tavi mouyara aWar- 2 zarbazniT ozurgeTisaken mimaval gzaze,
is teritoriaze SesaWrelad gamiznul jars. sofel muxaestatesTan
muxaestatesTan.. am dros qobuleTSi,
sul generlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: ruseTis kintriSis simagreSi, amaliTurT movidnen
qveiTi jaris 1 batalioni, 1.515 guruli mox- osmaleTSi gaxiznuli guriis dedofali so-
alise da 4 zarbazani. generali hesse askanis fio da daviT vaxtangis Ze gurieli.
gurieli. osmalebi
gziT aWarisaken daiZra. male hesse darwmunda, Setevis dawyebas agvianebdnen, radgan trapi-
rom TovliT dafarul mTebs ver gadalaxavda zonidan 4.000 mebrZolis mosvlas elodnen.
da aWaraSi am gziT ver Sevidoda. am dros gen- generalma karl hessem ozurgeTSi, Cox-
erals acnobes, rom fiWvnarTan mdgari os- ataurSi, askanaSi, lixaurSi, nagomarsa da
malTa jari guriaSi SeWras apirebda. hessem bukiscixeSi rusTa garnizonebi gaaZliera.
gadawyvita laSqrobis mimarTuleba Seecvala, ahmed bei ximSiaSvilma guriis mTebi gadmo-
moulodnelad dasxmoda Tavs fiWvnarSi da- laxa, erisTavTa mamulebi aaoxra da soflebi
banakebul osmalebs, gaenadgurebina mowi- daarbia. erisTavebi rusuli orientaciisani
naaRmdege da qobuleTis gavliT baTumSi Ca- iyvnen, xolo vaxtang erisTavi guriis mili-
suliyo. 1829 wlis 5 marts karl hessem jari ciis sardali iyo. amitom iyo, rom ahmed bei
mdinare natanebze gadaiyvana da fiWvnarisaken ximSiaSvilma sastikad aaoxra erisTavTa mam-
daiZra. am droisaTvis generlis gankargule- ulebi. ruseTis jarma da miliciam ahmed bei
baSi 2.530 mebrZoli (rusebi da qarTvelebi) ximSiaSvili male daamarcxa da guriidan gan-
da 6 savele zarbazani iyo. hessem jari orad devna. 1829 wlis 27 ivniss rusebma arzrumi
gayo: rusebi zarbaznebiT zRvis napirs ga- aiRes. osmaleTis sardloba SiSobda, rom gen-
hyvnen, xolo guriis milicia tyis bilikebiT eral-maiori hesse am warmatebiT isargebleb-
gaemarTa fiWvnarisaken. sofel natanebidan 3 da da aWaraSi SeiWreboda. aWaraSi rusebis
versze rusebi osmalebis mier mowyobil xer- SeWris Tavidan acilebis mizniT qobuleTSi
gils waawydnen da mowinaaRmdegis Zlieri ce- tusCi oRlis meTaurobiT 8.000 mebrZoli
cxlis qveS mohyvnen. brZolis bedi gadawyvita movida da sofel muxaestatesTan dabanakda.
guriis miliciam, romelic xergils marcxena kavkasiis mTavarsardal ivan paskeviCs
mxridan daesxa Tavs da mowinaaRmdege aiZula aWaris dasakaveblad seriozuli samxedro
ukan daexia. male osmalebma meore xergilic Zalis gamoyofa ar SeeZlo, amitom iyo, rom
datoves da fiWvnaris banaks Seafares Tavi. igi zemo aWaris gamgeblis, ahmed bei ximSiaS-
zarbaznebidan dabombvis Semdeg ruseTis vilis, gadabirebas Seecada. 1829 wlis zaf-
jarma da guriis miliciam fiWvnaris banaks xulSi paskeviCis miTiTebiT axalcixis olqis
Seutia. brZolaSi gansakuTrebiT gamoiCina mmarTveli general-maior vasili bebuTovs
Tavi guriis miliciam. cxare brZolebis Sem- zemo aWaris gamgebel ahmed bei daukavSirda
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vaxtang guruli
da ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvla SesTava- damarcxda da 28 agvistos ukan, qvablianSi,

za. ahmed bei ximSiaSvili SeTavazebas im pi- dabrunda.
robiT dasTanxmda, Tu faSas wodebiT aWaris generalma karl hessem cixisZiris daka-
gamgeblad daadgendnen da general-maioris veba gadawyvita da 1829 wlis 15 seqtembers
Cinsa da wm. anas pirveli xarisxis ordens miuaxlovda kidec kargad gamagrebul cixe-
uboZebdnen. ahmed bei rusebs hpirdeboda, simagres. am droisaTvis generlis daqvemde-
rom qvemo aWaras, baTums da qobuleTsac barebaSi 2.400 rusi qveiTi, 100 kazaki da 3.000
daumorCilebda. bebuTovma molaparakeba sa- qarTveli moxalise (milicia) da 7 zarbazani
Tanadod ver warmarTa, metic, ahmed bei xim- iyo. cixisZirTan miaxloebisas hesses ac-
SiaSvilis mimarT utaqtoba gamoiCina, ramac nobes, rom garnizoni maxlobel soflebSi
es ukanaskneli Zalze gaaRiziana. amasobaSi Sekrebili moxaliseebiT Seivso, elodnen
stambolSi am molaparakebis ambavi Seityves zemo aWaridan ahmed bei ximSiaSvilis mosvla-
da sulTanma arzrumis seraskirs ahmed bei sac. brZolis win osmalebma cixis artileria
ximSiaSvilis dasja ubrZana. male general- gaaZlieres da didi raodenobiT samxedro
maiori bebuTovi general-maiorma fon der saWurvelic moimarages. hessem gadawyvita
osten-sakenma
osten sakenma Secvala. osten-sakenma ahmed Seteva zemo aWaridan ahmed bei ximSiaSvilis
bei ximSiaSvils danapirebi Seaxsena. ahmed bei jaris mosvlamde daewyo. 1829 wlis 16 seqtem-
ximSiaSvili mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda da bers rusebma Zlierad dabombes cixisZiri,
1829 wlis agvistoSi osten-sakens SemouT- xolo 17 seqtembers Setevaze daiZra qveiTi
vala: qvemo aWara ar memorCileba, rusebTan jari. ruseTis jarma da qarTulma miliciam
urTierTobis gamo mezoblebma da naTesavebma didi zarali naxes. xelCarTuli brZolis
momiZules, ris gamoc TqvenTan urTierTobas dros rusebsa da qarTvelebs moulodnelad
veRar gavagrZelebo. generalma osten-sakenma zurgidan daartya ahmed bei ximSiaSvilis
ahmed beis upasuxa: Tu oTx dReSi axalcixeSi jarma. rusma egerebma didi danaklisi gani-
ar gamocxaddebi, jariT aWaraSi SemoviWre- cades. brZolis bedi praqtikulad ahmed bei
bio. am muqaram ahmed bei ximSiaSvili aiZula ximSiaSvilma gadawyvita, hessem ukan daxevis
ruseTTan urTierToba Seewyvita. brZaneba gasca. cixisZirTan gancdilma mZime
1829 wlis 4 agvistos generali karl marcxma kavkasiis frontis marjvena flangze
hesse ruseTis jariT, guriis, samegrelosa ruseTis jarebis winsvla sabolood Seaferxa.
da imereTis miliciiT baTumze salaSqrod male omis damTavrebis cnobac movida, ramac
daiZra. jari or kolonad utevda: zRvi- hesses dagegmili sabrZolo moqmedebebis daw-
spireTiT _ limanisaken (fiWvnarisaken) da yebis saSualeba aRar misca.
tyiT _ sofel muxaestatesaken. guriis mili- 3. osmalTa Semoteva axalcixis dakavebis
cia orive kolonis rigebSi ibrZoda. 6 agvis- mizniT. 1829 wlis 26 ianvars osmalTa cxenosan-
tos qarTuli milicia sofel muxaestatesTan ma jarma focxovis sanjayis yofili mmarTve-
mdgar osmalTa jars daesxa Tavs da ukuaq- lis Teifur beis meTaurobiT axalcixeze dai-
cia. Seityves Tu ara muxaestatesTan osmalTa wyo Seteva da qalaqs 5-6 versis manZilze mi-
damarcxebis ambavi, fiWvnarSi dabanakebulma uaxlovda. osmalebs gza gadauRoba Sirvanis
osmalebmac saswrafod ukan daixies. rusebis qveiTTa polkma. osmalebi ukuiqcnen. rogorc
jari polkovnik pacovskis meTaurobiT fex- zemoT avRniSneT, axalcixis olqis mmarTveli
dafex mihyva gaqceulebs. osmalebma kintri- general-maiori vasili bebuTovi zemo aWaris
Sis simagre gadawves da baTumisaken gaiqcnen. mmarTvel ahmed bei ximSiaSvilis gadabirebas
9 agvistos ruseTis jarma da qarTulma mili- cdilobda. molaparakebas warmateba ar mo-
ciam ubrZolvelad daikava kintriSis simagre. hyolia. ahmed beim aWaraSi 15.000 mebrZoli
generali hesse baTumze salaSqrod emzadebo- Sekriba da axalcixeze salaSqrod gaemzada.
da, magram iZulebuli gaxda droebiT SeCere- igi axalcixeze Setevis dawyebas ar Cqarobda,
buliyo, radgan zemo aWaridan guriaSi ahmed arzrumidan osmalTa jaris mosvlas eloda.
bei ximSiaSvilis SemoWris saSiSroeba arse- 16 Tebervals ahmed bei mdinare focxovis
bobda. 1829 wlis 14 agvistos general karl napirze dabanakda. man gadawyvita axalcixis
hessesTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, generalma fon garnizonisaTvis Tbilisidan damxmare jaris
der osten-sakenma axalcixidan zemo aWaris miSvelebis saSualeba moespo. amitom iyo, rom
mimarTulebiT daiwyo Seteva, magram sastikad 1829 wlis 17 Tebervals ahmed beim Tavisi Zma
429
avdi bei Zlieri razmiT mtkvris xeobaSi ga- arsebuli fonis dasacavad osmalTa razmi ar
daiyvana, raTa Tbilisidan axalcixisaken mi- idga, magram burcevma icoda, rom meore da
mavali gza gadaeketa. vasili bebuTovma saTa- mesame gadasasvlelTan osmalebi daxvdebod-
nado yuradReba ver gamoiCina, man mxolod 18 nen. amitom iyo, rom gogias cixesTan arsebul
Tebervals Seityo, rom mowinaaRmdege axal- fonze gadasvlis Semdeg burcevma kazakTa 2
cixidan 15 versis moSorebiT imyofeboda. aseuli meore da mesame gadasasvlelis da-
1829 wlis 20 Tebervals osmalTa da sacavad gagzavna, rom kazakebs osmalebisaT-
aWarelTa gaerTianebulma jarma (20.000 mebr- vis fonebis dakavebis saSualeba ar miecaT.
Zoli) qalaqi axalcixe daikava da citadels gauvali gziT moZraobis gamo kazakebi Se-
Semoartya alya. moalye jars ahmed bei xim- ferxdnen, ris gamoc avdi beis cxenosnebma
SiaSvili meTaurobda. axalcixesTan osmalTa orive fonis dakaveba moaswres. pirvelsave
moulodneli gamoCenisa da qalaqis alyis fonTan kazakebs aWarelTa cxenosan jarTan
dawyebis Sesaxeb arc TbilisSi myofma ivan mouxdaT Setakeba. kazakebma 2.000 cxenosnis
paskeviCma icoda. axalcixesTan dawyebuli Semotevas ver gauZles da saswrafod daixies
brZolebis Sesaxeb kavkasiis mTavarsardalma ukan. cxadi gaxda, rom mtkvris orive fonze
xerTvisis cixis komendantisagan Seityo. man rusebi brZoliT unda gadasuliyvnen, rac Za-
saswrafod miiRo zomebi axalcixis citadelSi lze Zneli iyo. mdgomareobas amsubuqebda is,
gamagrebuli garnizonis dasaxmareblad. gor- rom fonebs aWarelTa cxenosani jari icavda,
Si dabanakebul xersonis grenaderTa polkis mowinaaRmdeges iq qveiTi jari ar hyavda. avdi
meTaurs polkovnik ivan burcevs ebrZana sas- bei ximSiaSvili polkovnik burcevis xersonis
wrafod gaemagrebina awyuris cixe, raTa ax- grenaderTa polkis winsvlas xels ver uSli-
alcixidan daZruli osmalebi mtkvris xeobiT da, radgan awyuris cixis alyiT iyo dakaveb-
qarTlSi ar SemoWriliyvnen. general-maiori uli. polki brZoliT miikvlevda gzas. bedad,
nikolai muraviovi qveiTTa 5 batalioniTa da avdi beim CaTvala, rom rusebis Setevas ver
13 savele zarbazaniT saswrafod axalcixisak- SeaCerebda, ukan daixia da sofel winubanSi
en unda daZruliyo. didTovlobisa da cudi gamagrda. winubnis dakavebis gareSe rusebi
amindis gamo burcevis polki nela moZraobda. axalcixemde ver mividodnen. awyuris cixis
burcevma drois mogebis mizniT suramSi gan- garnizonma mowinaaRmdegis ramdenime Seteva
lagebul xersonis grenaderTa polkis aseu- moigeria. aman burcevs saSualeba misca sofel
lis meTaurs kapitan kiSkins ubrZana, aseuli winubanze galaSqrebisagan Tavi Seekavebina da
saswrafod awyurSi gadaeyvana. kiSkinma awyurs general muraviovis gamoCenas dalodeboda.
25 Tebervlis diliT miaRwia. am dros awyuri- muraviovis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi jari ki
dan 4 versis moSorebiT sofel winubanSi ukve sakmaod mravalricxovani iyo (qveiTTa 2 pol-
idga avdi bei ximSiaSvilis 5.000 mebrZoli. ki, kazakTa 1 polki, qveiTTa 1 batalioni, 13
avdi beim ar icoda ruseTis jaris raodenoba savele zarbazani). muraviovis jaric nela
da amitom brZolaSi Cambisagan Tavi Seikava. moZraobda, igi laSqrobis dawyebidan axal-
aman kapitan kiSkins saSualeba misca ubr- cixes mxolod meaTe dRes Tu miaRwevda. es ki
Zolvelad Sesuliyo awyuris cixeSi. awyuris mniSvnelovnad arTulebda sofel winubanTan
komendantma suramidan damxmare Zalis misv- SeCerebuli rusebis mdgomareobas. burcevi
lamde sofeli awyuri gadawva da Tavdacvi- darwmunda, rom axalcixis garnizoni moalye
saTvis moemzada. polkovniki burcevi xer- jaris Setevas didxans veRar gauZlebda da
sonis grenaderTa polkis ZiriTadi ZalebiT amitom gadawyvita muraviovs aRar dalode-
goridan mxolod 24 Tebervals gavida. cudi boda da axalcixis garnizonis dasaxmareblad
gzebisa da uamindobis gamo polki nela moZ- daZruliyo. burcevs swrafad unda emoqmeda,
raobda. 26 Tebervals rusebma mtkvris xeoba- radgan mas zurgSi avdi beis Zlieri cxeno-
Si gogias cixes miaRwies. burcevi aq mtkvris sani jari edga. 1829 wlis 2-3 marts RamiT
marjvena napirze gadasvlas apirebda. magram rusebma sofel winubanTan gamagrebuli mowi-
wylis done Zalze aweuli iyo, ase rom, ga- naaRmdege daamarcxes, ris Semdegac gza ax-
dasvla Tu saerTod SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda, alcixisaken gaixsna. winubnidan burcevma mci-
Zalze gaWianurdeboda. garda amisa, vidre ax- rericxovani razmebi gagzavna axalcixisaken,
alcixes miaRwevda, jars kidev orjer moux- raTa sasignalo maSxalebiT garnizonisaTvis
deboda mtkvris gadalaxva. gogias cixesTan emcnoT, rom qalaqs ruseTis jari uaxlovde-
430
vaxtang guruli
boda. ahmed bei ximSiaSvilma burcevis raz- abTan misuli burcevi mZime mdgomareobaSi
mis misvlamde 3 marts axalcixes alya moxsna aRmoCnda: Tu rusebi ukan daixevdnen, mowi-
da ukan daixia. burcevis razmi axalcixeSi 4 naaRmdege 50 versis manZilze maT devnas ar
marts, naSuadRevs, Sevida, sami dRis Semdeg Sewyvetda, amitom iyo, rom burcevma Seteva
axalcixeSi gamoCnda general muraviovis ja- gadawyvita. xelCarTul brZolebSi didi msx-
ris mowinave razmebic. verplis fasad rusebma ahmed beis wurwkabis
4. osmalTa Semoteva 1829 wlis gazafx- garSemo yvela pozicia daatovebines. ahmed
ulze. 1829 wlis aprilSi kavkasiis mTavarsar- beis gankargulebaSi rCeboda mxolod xis
dal ivan paskeviCisaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom maRali galavniT SemozRuduli wurwkabis si-
osmalTa mravalricxovani jari (80.000 mebr- magre. sofelSi gamagrebuli iyo yvela saxli.
Zoli 60 zarbazniT) erTdroulad apirebda burcevma jari Seasvena, magram ahmed beisac
Setevas yarsis
yarsis,, axalcixis da baiazeTis daka- damxmare Zala mouvida da manac dauyonebliv
vebis mizniT. imavdroulad, trapizonis faSa Seutia rusebs. cxare brZolebi daRamebamde
70.000 mebrZoliT imereTsa da guriaSi SeWras gagrZelda, burcevma dakavebuli poziciebi
gegmavda. SeinarCuna, magram soflidan ahmed beis gan-
wurwkabis brZola. axalcixeze salaS- devna veRar SeZlo. meore diliT rusebi kv-
qrod emzadeboda ahmed bei ximSiaSvili 20.000 lav gadavidnen Setevaze da soflis dakaveba
mebrZoliT. rogorc vxedavT, viTareba Za- scades. marTalia, mowinaaRmdegem rusebis
lze sagangaSo iyo, kavkasiis mTavarsardals Seteva moigeria, magram ahmed beim moulod-
dauyonebliv unda gaetarebina gadamwyveti nelad sofeli datova. diliT burcevi wur-
RonisZiebebi. ivan paskeviCma general-maior wkabSi Sevida da sofeli gadawva. wurwkabTan
ivan burcevs ubrZana xersonis grenaderTa mimdinare cxare brZolebis dros bebuTovs
polkis 2 batalioniT goridan dauyonebliv acnobes, rom burcevis xersonis grenaderTa
gadasuliyo awyurSi da iq dalodeboda axal- polkis zurgSi mowinaaRmdegis razmebi ga-
cixeSi movlenaTa ganviTarebas. didTovlobis moCndnen. bebuTovma burcevis dasaxmareblad
gamo dazianebuli gzebi, mtkvarze dawyebuli dauyonebliv gagzavna Sirvanis polkis 1
wyaldidoba xels uSlida jaris gadaadgile- batalioni. amis Semdeg axalcixis citadelSi
bas. burcevma awyurs mxolod 17 aprils miaR- ruseTis jaris 3 aseuliRa darCa. axalcixeze
wia, magram ar SeCerebula, gza gaagrZela da osmalTa Setevis SemTxvevaSi garnizoni alyas
axalcixidan 40 versis moSorebiT abasTumanSi didxans ver gauZlebda. ahmed bei ximSiaS-
dabanakda. axalcixis olqis ufrosma gener- vilis sofel wurwkabidan ukan daxevis Sem-
alma vasili bebuTovma burcevs mosTxova deg axalcixeze osmalTa Setevis saSiSroeba
daesaja im soflebis mosaxleoba, romelTac aRar arsebobda. wurwkabidan generali ivan
axalcixis alyis dros osmalebs dauWires mx- burcevi mtkvris xeobaSi dabrunda da awyur-
ari. burcevma abasTumnidan aWaris sazRvramde sa da axalcixes Soris SeCerda.
bevri sofeli gadawva, mosaxleoba binebisa da osmalTa axali Semoteva axalcixis daka-
sursaTis gareSe datova. damsjeli eqspedi- vebis mizniT. marTalia, general-maiorma ivan
ciis dasrulebis Semdeg burcevi awyurTan burcevma ahmed bei ximSiaSvilis damarcxeba
dabanakda. 1829 wlis 25 aprils ahmed bei xim- SeZlo, magram osmalebi amis Semdegac cdi-
SiaSvili axalcixeze salaSqrod daiZra. bebu- lobdnen yarsisa da axalcixis dasabrune-
Tovma aWarelTa Zlieri jaris SeCereba gen- blad Setevis dawyebas. aucilebeli iyo orive
eral burcevs daavala. 30 aprils xersonis strategiuli mimarTulebis (yarsisa da axal-
grenaderTa polki awyuridan axalcixisaken cixisa) dacva, garnizonebis gaZliereba da
daiZra. burcevs gzaSi SeuerTda axalcixidan rezervebis Seqmna. am mizniT burcevis xer-
daZruli Sirvanis qveiTTa da donis kazakTa sonis grenaderTa polki kvlav axalcixesTan
polkebi. ivan burcevma Seityo, rom ahmed dadga, raTa artaanidan osmalTa Semotevas
bei ximSiaSvili artaanisaken miemarTeboda. aRdgomoda win. general-maior nikita pan-
burcevi swrafi marSiT sofel wurwkabisaken kratievis yabardos qveiTTa polks, sevas-
gaemarTa, raTa ahmed beisaTvis am strate- topolis qveiTTa polksa da donis kazakTa
giulad mniSvnelovani punqtis dakaveba dae- 2 polkTan erTad yarsi unda daecva. yarsis
swro. ahmed beim rusebis manevri amoicno dasacavad damatebiT gadaisroles egerTa
da wurwkabi maT misvlamde daikava. wurwk- 42-e polki da me-40 da 41-e polkebis TiTo
431
batalioni 12 saalyo da 8 msubuqi zarbazniT. raodenoba 8 batalionamde gaizarda, Tumca

rezervs Seadgenda axalcixeSi ganlagebuli osmalTa Warbi Zalebis Semotevis SemTxvevaSi
general nikolai muraviovis kavkasiis gre- garnizoni mainc Zalzed mZime mdgomareobaSi
naderTa brigada 28 zarbazniT. kavkasiis ko- aRmoCndeboda. paskeviCi yarsSi 1829 wlis 1
rpusis mTeli kavaleria or nawilad gaiyo. ivniss Cavida. 2 ivniss general-maiori nikita
muslimTa 2 polki, ulanTa da Savi zRvis ka- pankratievi osmalTa Sesaxvedrad daiZra, ma-
zakTa polkebi general pankratievis gankar- gram maT saswrafod ukan daixies. 5 ivniss gen-
gulebaSi gaigzavna, xolo niJegorodis dra- eral-maiorma muraviovma yarsSi myof paskev-
gunTa, Tergis kazakTa, donis kazakTa da mus- iCs acnoba, rom kiahi beis jari damarcxebuli
limTa polkebi general muraviovis sarezer- iyo. muraviovma da burcevma araferi icodnen
vo jars SeuerTda. TbilisSi darCa mxolod yarsTan Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb. yarsidan
yirimis qveiTTa polki da me-20 saartilerio paskeviCma axalcixeSi burcevTan kurieri
brigadis 2 batalioni. TbilisSi ganlagebuli gagzavna, magram generali axalcixeSi ar aR-
jari arasakmarisi iyo, paskeviCi iZulebuli moCnda. kurieri burcevs daedevna da mxolod
gaxda qarTlisa da sakuTriv Tbilisis da- 30 maisis RamiT daewia. burcevi im soflebis
sacavad qarTuli miliciis (saxalxo laSqris) gadawviT iyo dakavebuli, romelTac ruseTs
mobilizacia gamoecxadebina. goris, duSeTis, morCileba ar gamoucxades. kurierma burcevs
siRnaRisa da Telavis mazrebSi 2.000 qarTve- paskeviCis brZaneba gadasca, rom igi dauyone-
li cxenosani Seikriba. qarTuli milicia or bliv SeerTeboda muraviovs. burcevs am br-
nawilad gayves, erTi nawili alaznis napir- Zanebis Sesruleba ar SeeZlo, radgan polkis
ebze ganlagda, xolo meorem poziciebi mt- ZiriTadi nawili mas axalcixeSi daetovebina.
kvris xeobaSi daikava. 1829 wlis 16 maiss ka- Seqmnil viTarebaSi man aseTi gadawyvetile-
vkasiis mTavarsardali paskeviCi axalqalaqSi ba miiRo: masTan myofi xersonis grenaderTa
Cavida. mas acnobes, rom osmalTa jari (15.000 polkis 1 batalioni da 200 kazaki 4 zarba-
mebrZoli) kiahi beis meTaurobiT artaans zniT polkovnik hofmanis meTaurobiT dauyo-
uaxlovdeboda. kavkasiis mTavarsardalma gen- nebliv muraviovs jarTan SesaerTeblad gag-
eral muraviovis sarezervo jaris 1 kolona zavna, xolo Tavad axalcixisaken gaemarTa.
kiahi beis winaaRmdeg daZra. mowinaaRmdege polkovniki hofmani 1829 wlis 1 ivniss mdin-
brZolaSi ar Caeba da aWaris teritoriaze are focxovs miuaxlovda. kazakebi mdinareze
daixia. gadavidnen Tu ara, osmalebma sabrZolo gan-
osmalTa damarcxeba mdinare focxovze. gaSi gamoacxades da Seteva wamoiwyes. mu-
ahmed bei ximSiaSvilis damarcxebis miuxeda- raviovma ar icoda, rom polkovniki hofmani
vad, viTareba artaanis raionSi kvlav daZab- masTan SesaerTeblad miemarTeboda, rodesac
uli iyo. ivan paskeviCis brZanebiT yarsidan man hofmanis miaxloeba Seityo da mdinareze
egerTa me-40 polkis 1 batalioni 4 zarba- gadasuli kazakebi SeniSna, brZolisaTvis mo-
zniT artaanSi gadaiyvanes. es batalioni jer emzada. generalma kazakebs 60 qveiTi daaxmara
kidev gzaSi imyofeboda, rodesac nikita pan- da focxovze gadasasvlelis dacva ubrZana.
kratievs acnobes: osmalTa didi Zalebi os- Tavad muraviovi xersonis grenaderTa polkis
man faSas sardlobiT yarsis mimarTulebiT 3 aseuliTa da 4 zarbazniT mdinare focxovis
apirebda Setevas, xolo kiahi bei axalcixeze marjvena mxareze gamagrda da mowinaaRmdeges
salaSqrod emzadeboda. male kidev erTi sa- daeloda. dRis 12 saaTze osmalebma muravio-
gangaSo cnoba miiRes, vanis faSa baiazeTze vis poziciebs Seuties. rusebma mowinaaRmde-
SetevisaTvis emzadeboda. Seqmnili viTareba gis Warbi Zalebis (6.000 mebrZoli) Setevas na-
paskeviCs aiZulebda kavkasiis korpusis jar- SuadRevis 3 saaTamde gauZles. mowinaaRmdege
ebi gadaejgufebina. general muraviovisa da ukve gamarjvebas zeimobda, rodesac burcevis
general burcevis jarebi gaerTianda, raTa xersonis grenaderTa polkis 2 batalioni da
mdinare focxovis xeobidan gamosasvleli Sirvanis qveiTTa polki gamoCnda. osmalebma
Caeketa. am gankargulebis Semdeg 1829 wlis 30 brZola maSinve Sewyvites da ukan daixies.
maiss paskeviCi niJegorodis dragunTa, Ter- 1829 wlis 3 ivniss yarsSi paskeviCma didi
gis kazakTa polkebiT da qveiTTa 2 aseuliT zeimiT aRniSna mdinare focxovis napirze os-
axalqalaqidan yarsisaken gaemarTa. paskevi- malTa damarcxeba.
Cis yarsSi Casvlis Semdeg yarsis garnizonis arzrumis dakaveba. axalcixis raionSi os-
432
vaxtang guruli
malTa axali Semoteva mosalodneli aRar iyo, Caebnen da ukan daixies. 14 ivniss kazakebma
ivan paskeviCma gadawyvita mTeli Zalebi yar- xelT igdes 3 osmalo jariskaci. erT-erTma
sis mimarTulebiT gadaesrola. am droisaT- tyvem rusebs acnoba, rom banakidan ramden-
vis kavkasiis mTavarsardlis daqvemdebarebaSi ime versis moSorebiT osmalTa saqonlis didi
qveiTTa 14 batalioni, 12 sakavalerio polki jogi Zovda. am cnobis Sesamowmeblad dauyo-
da 70 mZime da msubuqi zarbazani iyo. yarsi- nebliv gaigzavna cxenosanTa 2 aseuli. ro-
dan arzrumis mimarTulebiT Setevis dawyebi- gorc aRmoCnda, tyvem icrua, rusebma jogi
saTvis rusebs mowinaaRmdegis Zalebis Ses- ver ipoves. cxenosnebi osmalTa Casafrebas
axeb cnobebi unda moepovebinaT. aseTi sando waawydnen da xanmokle brZolis Semdeg ukan
cnobebi paskeviCs ar hqonda, sxvadasxva gziT daixies. SetevisaTvis gamzadebuli ruseTis
mopovebuli cnobebi ki erTmaneTs ewinaaRm- jari soRanluRis qedze idga da sursaTiTa
degeboda. 1829 wlis 12 ivniss paskeviCma yar- da tyvia-wamliT datvirTuli aRalis mosv-
sidan arzrumis mimarTulebiT general-maior las eloda. rusTa aRali soRanluRis mTebis
fiodor bekoviC-Cerkaskis meTaurobiT kazak- CrdiloeT kalTebTan mxolod 15-16 ivniss
Ta mzveravi razmi gagzavna. mzveravebi meore gamoCnda. aRals ukan mihyveboda general
dRes diliT dabrundnen da mopovebuli cno- burcevis kolona. aRalisa da damxmare Za-
bebi mTavarsardals warudgines. paskeviCma lis gamoCenis Semdeg paskeviCma kidev erTxel
gadawyvita dauyonebliv daewyo soRanluRis gadawyvita mowinaaRmdege Zalebis dazverva.
mTebis gadalaxva. 1829 wlis 13 ivniss kavka- mzveravi razmebi 17 ivniss Seudgnen miRebuli
siis korpusis mowinave Zalebi banakidan gav- brZanebis Sesrulebas. mcire manZilis gav-
idnen. 5 versis gavlis Semdeg paskeviCma jari lis Semdeg mzveravebi osmalTa Casafrebas
or nawilad gayo. xersonis grenaderTa polki waawydnen. orsaaTiani brZolis Semdeg rusebs
da kazakTa brigada 10 zarbazniT marcxena tyvia-wamali gauTavdaT, mdgomareoba ixsna
flangze imoqmedebda. jaris danarCeni nawili mzveravTa dasaxmareblad gagzavnilma erevnis
banakad idga da movlenaTa ganviTarebas elo- qveiTTa da donis kazakTa polkebma, romelTa
da. meore dRes general-maiori ivan burcevi saerTo meTaurobas polkovniki frideriqsi
15 versze miuaxlovda osmalTa banaks. yvela- axorcielebda. osmalebma Setevas ver gauZles
saTvis moulodnelad, osmalebs rusebisaTvis da didi zaraliT ukan daixies. rusebma didi
winaaRmdegoba ar gauweviaT. 14 ivniss, gamTe- nadavli Caigdes xelSi. male paskeviCs mz-
niisas, rusebis kavaleriam soRanluRis qe- veravebma acnobes, rom osmalTa sardalma
dis CrdiloeT kalTebi gadalaxa da samxreT osman faSam Zalebi gadaajgufa da Zlieri
kalTebze dasaSvebad moemzada. rusebi kar- korpusiT (12.000 mebrZoli) kvlav Setevi-
gad xedavdnen dablobSi ganlagebul osmal- saTvis emzadeboda. Oosman faSas ganzraxvis
Ta jars. rusebis kavaleriis moulodnelma Sesaxeb rusebma 1829 wlis 17 ivniss Seityves.
gamoCenam da soRanluRis qedze poziciebis 18 ivniss paskeviCma Setevis dawyebis brZaneba
dakavebam osmalTa banakSi didi arev-dareva gasca. ruseTis qveiTi jaris 6 batalioni 20
gamoiwvia. 14 ivniss dilis 8 saaTze soRan- zarbazniT im poziciaze ganlagda, romelic
luRis samxreT kalTebze dasaSvebad gamza- soRanluRis qedze rusma kavaleristebma
debul ruseTis kavalerias cxenosanTa axa- jer kidev 14 ivniss gamTeniisas daikaves. 19
li razmebi miemata. paskeviCma dauyonebliv ivniss daiwyo Seteva. Setevaze pirveli da-
Setevisagan Tavi Seikava, radgan jarma TiTq- iZra general raevskis kavaleria, romelsac
mis Seusveneblad gaiara 40 versi da Setevis ukan mihyvnen general pankratievis qveiTebi.
win dasvenebas saWiroebda. rusebma Sesveneba dilis 10 saaTisaTvis yvela sajariso nawili
mainc ver SesZles. 14 ivniss SuadRisas os- brZolaSi iyo CarTuli. ruseTis jari zivi-
malTa cxenosani jari Tavs daesxa rusebis nis dakavebis mizniT ori gziT miemarTeboda.
poziciis win ganlagebul kazakTa saguSagoe- mTavar damrtymel Zalas general muraviovi-
bs. kazakebma saswrafod daixies ukan. rusTa sa da general burcevis kolonebi Seadgenda.
banakSi sabrZolo gangaSi gamocxadda. gener- burcevis kolonas Sejaxeba mouxda osmalTa
al-maiori nikolai raevski kazakTa 3 polkiT Warb ZalebTan (10.000-12.000 mebrZoli). ruse-
mowinaaRmdegis cxenosnebTan SesabrZole- bi mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi igeriebdnen mow-
blad gaemarTa. kazakebs ukan mihyva qveiTTa inaaRmdegis Setevas. warmatebiT moqmedebda
2 polki zarbaznebiT. osmalebi brZolaSi ar kavaleria, romelmac mZime brZolebis Semdeg
433
yaraurgans miaRwia, sadac mcire xniT Seisve- dadebuli ruseT-osmaleTis sazavo xelSek-
na. qveiTma jarma osmalebs zivinis misadgome- rulebis (traqtatis) meoTxe muxlis ZaliT,
bamde misdia. zivinze dauyonebliv Seteva osmaleTma aRiara qarTlis, kaxeTisa da War-
paskeviCma ver gabeda, radgan iq osmalTa Zl- belaqnis (saingilos) gadasvla ruseTis impe-
ieri korpusi (18.000 mebrZoli) idga. samagi- riis mflobelobaSi, anu aRiara ruseT-iranis
erod, osmalo sardalma saswrafod datova gulisTanisa (1813 w.) da TurqmanCais (1828
zivini. rusebma es mniSvnelovani strategi- w.) zavebis pirobebi. osmaleTma aseve aRiara
uli punqti ubrZolvelad daikaves. paskeviC- imereTis, samegrelos, guriisa da afxaze-
ma osmalebis ukan daxeviT isargebla, Seteva Tis gadasvla ruseTis mflobelobaSi. imave
gaagrZela da 1829 wlis 27 ivniss arzrumi meoTxe muxlis ZaliT, ruseT-osmaleTis saz-
daikava. arzrumis mimarTulebiT warmoebul Rvari iwyeboda Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdinare
brZolebSi 19 ivniss mZimed daiWra general- Coloqis Sav zRvaSi Cadinebis adgilidan da mis-
maiori ivan burcevi, romelic 23 ivniss gar- devda Coloqs, Semdeg sasazRvro xazi miuyve-
daicvala kidec. 1829 wlis ivlisSi rusebma boda imereTis samxreT sazRvrebs, axalcixisa
osmalTa jarebisagan gawmindes mdinareebis: da yarsis safaSoebis sazRvrebs, ise, rom axal-
Woroxis, mtkvrisa da artaanis auzebi, mTeli cixe da axalqalaqi ruseTis imperiaSi rCeboda
SavSeTi.. mcire Setakebebi osmalTa jaris
SavSeTi (axalcixidan da axalqalaqidan osmaleTis saz-
narCenebTan olTissa da sxva adgilebSi 1829 Rvari daSorebuli unda yofiliyo aranakleb
wlis seqtembrSic grZeldeboda. ori saaTis savalisa). ruseT-osmaleTis axali
5.. ruseT-osmaleTis 1829 wlis 2 seqtem- sasazRvro xazis samxreTiT mdebare terito-
bris sazavi xelSekruleba (adrianopolis riebi _ yarsis, baiazeTisa da arzrumis safa-
traqtati). ruseT-osmaleTis sazavo mo- Soebi da axalcixis safaSos umetesi teritoria
laparakeba dasrulda da 1829 wlis 2 seqtem- (samxreT-dasavleT nawili) _ osmaleTis Semad-
bers adrianopolSi xelSekrulebac daido. genlobaSi rCeboda. ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi
omis dasrulebisa da sazavo xelSekrulebis gadadioda Savi zRvis sanapiro mdinare Coloqis
dadebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi araferi icod- SesarTavidan, ufro zustad, wminda nikolozis
nen, ris gamoc kavkasiis mTavarsardali ivan simagridan (SekveTilidan) mdinare yubanis
paskeviCi sabrZolo moqmedebebs ganagrZobda, SesarTavamde. ruseTis jars unda daetove-
kerZod, yarsisa da arzrumis teritoriaze bina yarsis, baiazeTisa da arzrumis safaSoe-
mimdinareobda osmalTa daqsaqsuli razmebis bis teritoria da axalcixis safaSos nawili.
likvidacia. osmalo seraskiri lazeTSi jaris adrianopolis zavis mixedviT, saqarT-
mobilizacias agrZelebda. velos samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, guriasa
balkaneTze sabrZolo operaciebis das- da aWaras Soris, sasazRvro xazis dadgenas
rulebis Semdeg dunais armiis mTavarsardal- ukavSirdeba istoriografiaSi gavrcelebuli
ma general-feldmarSalma ivan dibiCma, ro- erTi mcdari mosazreba. dokumenturad dad-
gorc ki zavi daido, ivan paskeviCTan sagange- genilia, rom jer kidev 1828 wlis 26 ivliss
bo kurierebi gaagzavna. erTi kurieri saz- ivan paskeviCma ruseTis imperiis sagareo
Rvao gziT trapizonis gavliT, xolo meore saqmeTa ministr karl neserlodes miswera,
kuriers saxmeleTo gziT stambolis gavliT rom zavis dadebis dros ruseTs unda mieRo
unda mieRwia arzrumamde
arzrumamde,, sadac paskeviCis òsmaleTis
osmaleTis kuTvnili guriis nawili baTumi-
Stabi imyofeboda. pirvelma kurierma trapi- TurT~.
TurT ~. neserlodem 1829 wlis maisSi paskev-
zons 1829 wlis 22 seqtembers Cavida, sadac iCs zavis dadebasTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi mo-
igi sakmao xniT Seaferxes osmalebma. Seafer- sazreba gaacno. 1829 wlis 3 ivniss paskeviCma
xes stambolSi Casuli meore kurieric. arada, neselrodes ruseT-osmaleTis sasazRvro
am droisaTvis rusebisa da osmalebis jari xazis damdgeni sami varianti SesTavaza. sa-
erTmaneTis pirispir idga, mosalodneli iyo mive variantSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom ruseTis
axali didi sisxlisRvra. adrianopolis zavis SemadgenlobaSi unda gadasuliyo `òsmaleTis
osmaleTis
pirobebis gacnobis Semdeg paskeviCma ukmayo- kuTvnili guriis teritoria md. Woroxamde, e.i
fileba ver damala, igi Tvlida, rom ruseTs baTumi, qobuleTi da am teritoriaSi Semavali
sazavo xelSekrulebiT ufro meti unda mie- sxva adgilebi
adgilebi~.
~. gavrcelebuli mcdari versiis
Ro. mixedviT, rus diplomatebs molaparakebisas
1829 wlis 2 seqtembers adrianopolSi TiTqos erTmaneTSi aeriaT ori mdinaris _
434
vaxtang guruli
Coloqis (Чолоки
Чолоки)) da Woroxis (Чорохи
Чорохи) saxele- daxedavdnen, imas mainc mixvdebodnen, rom
bi, riTac isargebles osmalo diplomatebma aWara da baTumi sasazRvro xazis samxreTiT,
da yovelive amis gamo sasazRvro xazi mdinare anu osmaleTis SemadgenlobaSi, rCeboda.
Woroxis nacvlad mdinare Coloqze gavidao. ruseT-osmaleTis omis dasrulebis Sem-
rus diplomatebs SeiZleba marTlac areo- deg, 1829 wlis 22 seqtembers, ruseTis imper-
daT erTmaneTSi ori mdinaris saxeli, magram atorma nikolai I-ma kavkasiis korpusis mTa-
es Secdomis safuZveli ver gaxdeboda. yvela varsardals (kavkasiis mTavarsardals) gener-
sazavo xelSekrulebaSi sasazRvro xazi jer al-adiutant graf paskeviCs general-feld-
dawvrilebiT aRiwereboda xelSekrulebis marSlis wodeba uboZa, ivan paskeviCs erevnis
teqstSi, xolo Semdeg sasazRvro xazi dai- cixis aRebisas gamoCenili mamacobisaTvis
taneboda rukaze, romelic xelSekrulebis èrevanskis
erevanskis~~ tituli eboZa. omidan dab-
ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenda. rukaze xel- runebul graf paskeviC-erevanskis TbilisSi,
Semkvreli mxareebis warmomadgenlebi calke dRevandeli Tavisuflebis moedanze, sazeimo
awerdnen xels da beWedic calke daesmeboda. Sexvedra mouwyves. adgils, sadac sazeimo
ase rom, rukis Sedgenisas da masze xelmower- Sexvedra gaimarTa, paskeviCis sapativcemu-
isas rusi diplomatebi mixvdebodnen, rom ba- Эриванская
lod, Semdeg èrevanskis moedani~ ((Эриванская
Tumi mdinare Coloqis samxreTiT da mdinare площадь)) ewoda. qarTul memuarul da sa-
площадь
Woroxis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda, sasazRv- mecniero literaturaSi erevanskis moedans
ro xazi ki baTumidan CrdiloeTiT gadioda. xSirad erevnis moedans uwodeben, rac, cxa-
kidev vimeorebT: rusebs SeiZleba erTmaneTSi dia, Secdomaa.
areodaT Coloqi da Woroxi, magram rukas rom
435
Tavi XXIII. guriis samTavros gauqmeba
guriis samTavro 1820 wlis ajanyebis Cax- samTavro TavadebTan erTad unda ganego.
Sobis Semdeg maleve unda gauqmebuliyo. sam- ermolovma am ganmartebas muqarac moayola:
Tavros gauqmebisaTvis kavkasiis mTavarsar- Tu dedofali sofio ruseTis xelisufle-
dali aleqsei ermolovi saguldagulod bas ar daemorCileboda, mas ZaliT daimor-
emzadeboda, magram sxvadasxva mizezis gamo es Cilebdnen. dedofali muqaras ar SeuSinda.
movlena garkveuli droiT gadaido. 1827 wlis TebervalSi misi moTxovniT guriis
Tavadebisa da samRvdeloebis nawilma (mit-
ropolitma nikoloz jumaTelma, Tavadebma:
daviT vaxtangis Ze gurielma, giorgi levanis
§1. guriis samTavro mamia V gurielis gar-
Ze gurielma, svimon erisTavma, gigo erisTav-
dacvalebis Semdeg
ma, nariman maWutaZem, biWia SalikaSvilma, gu-
1826 wlis 21 noembers gardaicvala gunavebisa da nakaSiZeebis saTavado saxlebma
guriis mTavari mamia V gurieli.
gurieli. mTavars dar- da sxvebma) TxovniT mimarTes ermolovs, raTa
Ca vaJi daviTi da qaliSvilebi: ekaterine
ekaterine,, ter- guriis samTavros sammarTvelo sabWos Seqmnis
ezia,, koWibrola da sofio
ezia sofio.. mamia gurielis Sesaxeb mis mier gamocemuli brZaneba gaeuqme-
gardacvalebidan mesame dRes saxlTuxucesma bina. TxovnaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom dedofals
daviT maWutaZem da mdivanbegma giorgi nakaSi- SeeZlo piradad emarTa samTavro. guruli
Zem samTavros Tavadebi da aznaurebi Sekribes Tavadebi werdnen, rom mamia gurielis avad-
da dedofal sofiosa da taxtis memkvidre myofobis periodSi dedofali SesaniSnavad
daviT batoniSvilis erTgulebaze daafices. uZRveboda samTavros saqmeebs, amjerad ki
daficebaze uari ganacxades mxolod Tavadma mas samTavros marTvaSi xels uSlian sabWos
erisTavma da misma saxliSvilebma. isini mi- wevrebad daniSnuli misi mtrebio. ermolovs
iCnevdnen, rom daficebamde aucilebeli iyo guriis samTavros gauqmeba ukve mtkiced
ruseTis xelisuflebis nebarTvis miReba. er- hqonda gadawyvetili, amitom ukan ar daixia
molovma daficebis aqti ukanonod miiCnia da da sabWo ar gaauqma.
dedofal sofios sayveduric SeuTvala. ka- aleqsei ermolovis mier Seqmnil guri-
vkasiis mTavarsardals eWvi epareboda guriis is samTavros sammarTvelo sabWos debuleba
dedoflis erTgulebaSi, amitom yvelanairad aTi muxlisagan Sedgeboda. es muxlebi Semde-
cdilobda misi Zalauflebis SezRudvas. ale- gi Sinaarsisa iyo: 1. sabWo iqmneboda guriis
qsei ermolovis brZanebiT, 1827 wlis 3 ian- mTavris gardacvalebis gamo; 2. sabWos Semad-
vars daarsda `guriis
`guriis samTavros sammarTvelo genlobaSi Sedioda Tavmjdomare (dedofali)
sabWo“. sabWos samTavro manam unda emarTa, da 6 wevri; 3. sabWos wevrebad iniSnebodnen
vidre daviT gurieli srulwlovani gaxde- guriis dedoflisa da imereTis droebiTi
boda. sabWos Tavmjdomared dedofali sofio mmarTvelobis mier SerCeuli ruseTis erTgu-
damtkicda, wevrebad _ eqvsi Tavadi: vaxtang li Tavadebi da aznaurebi; 4. sabWo iarsebeb-
erisTavi, daviT maWutaZe, svimon gugunava, da guriis mTavris memkvidris srulwlovane-
giorgi nakaSiZe, giorgi erisTavi, giorgi Tavd- bamde; 5. sabWo ganagebda samoqalaqo samar-
giriZe. guriis samTavros sammarTvelo sabWos Tlis saqmeebs, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs
rezidencia sofel nagomarSi unda yofili- ganixilavda imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba;
yo. ermolovs dedofal sofiosaTvis piroba 6. sabWos unda ewarmoebina sxdomaTa oqmebi,
hqonda micemuli, rom sabWos Semadgenlobis raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTis xelisu-
gansazRvras mas miandobda. Semdeg kavkasiis flebas saSualeba hqonoda Seqmnil viTare-
mTavarsardalma piroba daarRvia da sabWoSi baSi garkveuliyo; 7. sabWo gadawyvetilebas
guriis dedoflis aSkara mtrebi Seiyvana. so- saerTo sxdomaze iRebda xmebis umravleso-
fios protesti ermolovma ar miiRo da mas biT. Tu xmebi gaiyofoda, maSin upiratesoba
ganumarta: sabWos Tavmjdomared dedoflis dedoflis xmas eniWeboda; 8. sabWoSi yvela
daniSvna imis damadasturebeli iyo, rom guri- dokumenti Sedioda ara konkretulad rome-
is samTavro saxlis uflebebi daculi iqnebo- lime wevris, aramed, saerTod, sabWos sax-
da. kavkasiis mTavarsardali verafer saTaki- elze, aseve sabWos saxeliT gaicemoda yovel-
los ver xedavda imaSi, rom dedofal sofios gvari dokumenti; 9. Tu sabWo saWirod miiC-
436
vaxtang guruli
nevda guriaSi raime axali dawesebulebis Se- aucilebels xdis ruseTis jaris guriis sam-
qmnas, sakiTxi imereTis mmarTvelisaTvis unda TavroSi Seyvanaso. 1828 wlis 27 ivliss ru-
SeeTanxmebina, Tavis mxriv, mmarTveli Txovnas seTis jarebis mTavari Stabis ufrosma ivan
aRZravda kavkasiis mTavarsardlis winaSe; 10. dibiCma paskeviCs acnoba imperatoris azri
sabWo valdebuli iyo Seesrulebina ruseTis guriis samTavrosTan dakavSirebiT. weril-
xelisuflebisaTvis micemuli yvela piroba. Si aRniSnulia: Tu dadasturdeboda guriis
guriis samTavrobo sammarTvelos yve- dedoflis kavSiri osmaleTTan, an dedofali
la wevri mcirewlovani taxtis memkvidris ruseTisadmi mtrul ganwyobilebas gamoam-
meurved iqna gamocxadebuli, ramac Zalze JRavnebda, kavkasiis mTavarsardals ufleba
gaaRiziana dedofali sofio
sofio.. eZleoda gadaeyenebina dedofali, CamoerTmia
misTvis samTavros marTvis ufleba, daepatim-
rebina dedoflis mrCevlebi daviT maWutaZe
§2. viTareba guriis samTavroSi ruseT-osmale- da daviT gurieli,
gurieli, xolo samTavros marTva-
Tis 1828-1829 wlebis omis dawyebis Semdeg gamgeoba an ukve arsebuli sabWosaTvis, an
droebiTi mmarTvelobisaTvis Caebarebina.
guriis samTavroSi viTareba gansa- faqtobrivad, am miTiTebiT nikolai I-ma guri-
kuTrebiT ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis is samTavros bedi gadawyvita.
omis dawyebis Semdeg daiZaba. jer kidev omis ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis omis
dawyebamde, 1827 wlis 8 dekembers, osmale- dawyebisTanave dedofali sofio daviT
Tis sulTanma gamoaqveyna deklaracia, ro- maWutaZisa da sxva Tavadebis meSveobiT os-
melic cxadad adasturebda, rom osmaleTi maleTis sulTnis kars daukavSirda, raTa
samxreT kavkasiaSi (amierkavkasiaSi) Tavisi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi saWiro daxmareba
poziciebis aRdgenas Seecdeboda. ruseTis mieRo. dedofali guriis mosaxleobis sax-
xelisuflebas afiqrebda is, rom osmaleTi eliT moqmedebda. man Tavadebsa da aznaurebs
dedofal sofios antirusuli ganwyobile- erTgulebis fici daadebina da mZevlebic
biT isargeblebda. ruseT-osmaleTis omis moiTxova. Tavadebisa da aznaurebis nawilma,
dawyebis Semdeg, 1828 wlis 8 maiss, Tbilisis romlebic osmaleTis daxmarebiT ruseTis
samxedro gubernatori general-adiutanti winaaRmdeg brZolas ar apirebdnen, fici ar
nikolai sipiagini kavkasiis mTavarsardals, dado da arc mZevlebi gaugzavna dedofals.
ivan paskeviCs, moaxsenebda, rom mas saeWvod Tavadebis nawilma, magaliTad erisTavTa sax-
miaCnda guriis dedoflis ruseTisadmi erT- lma, erTgulebis fici dado, mZevlebic misca
guleba, radgan es ukanaskneli ukmayofilo dedofals, magram mainc rusul orientaci-
iyo guriis samTavros sammarTvelo sabWos aze darCa. sofios momxreTa ricxvi imdenad
SeqmniT. nikolai sipiagini werda, rom dedo- mcire iyo, rom daviT maWutaZem mTel gu-
fal sofios da daviT maWutaZes urTierToba riaSi mxolod 500 molaSqris Tavmoyra Se-
hqondaT qvemo guriisa da aWaris begebTan. Zlo. dedofali iZulebuli gaxda piradad
Tbilisis samxedro gubernatori sagangebod misuliyo Tavadebisa da aznaurebis ojaxebSi,
mianiSnebda im faqtze, rom 1827 wels guriis raTa isini ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZolaze dae-
jarma samegrelosa da gurias Soris sadavo Tanxmebina. daviT maWutaZem farulad movlo
paliastomis tbis napirebi daikava, xolo da- foTi, baTumi, trapizoni da miaRwia imas, rom
viT giorgis Ze gurielma kavSiri daamyara sulTanma guriis dedofals sagangebo fir-
foTis faSasTan. sipiagini paskeviCs swerda, maniT mfarveloba da daxmareba aRuTqva da
rom paliastomis tba samegrelos mTavrisaT- saCuqrebic gamougzavna. guriis samTavros
vis unda daebrunebinaT da amiT guriis Ta- sazRvarTan Tavs iyrida osmaleTis jari.
vadebisaTvis foTis faSasTan urTierTobis gulxeldakrefilni arc ruseTis momxree-
gza CaeketaT. generali sipiagini aseve miiC- bi darCenilan, isini Tvalyurs adevnebdnen
nevda, rom aucilebeli iyo ruseTis jaris dedofal sofios, daviT maWutaZisa da sx-
Coxatauris saguSagos gaZlierebac. paskev- vaTa moqmedebas da momxdars dauyonebliv
iCma sipiaginis moxseneba imperator nikolai auwyebdnen ruseTis xelisuflebas. imereTSi,
I-s gaugzavna. Tavis mxriv, 1828 wlis 1 aprils guriasa da samegreloSi ganlagebul ruseTis
paskeviCi nikolai I-s swerda: guriis dedofal jars (samxreT kavkasiaSi ruseT-osmaleTis
sofios ruseTis Ralati aqvs ganzraxuli, mo- frontis marjvena frTas) imereTis mmarTve-
saxleobas Tavis erTgulebaze aficebs, rac
437
li general-maiori karl hesse sardlobda. gamougzavna guriis Tavadebsac.

1828 wlis aprilSi hessem dedofal sofios 1828 wlis ivnisSi osmaleTidan qobu-
winadadeba misca osmaleTTan urTierToba leTSi Cavidnen 1820 wels guriidan gaqceuli
Seewyvita da erTgulebis dasadastureblad daviT vaxtangis Ze gurieli, qaixosro guri-
ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis mZevlad daviT elis ojaxis wevrebi da xelisuflebis mier
maWutaZe mieca. rusebs cnoba hqondaT, rom devnili sxva Tavadebi. maT xma gaavrceles,
dedofali daviT maWutaZeze daqorwinebas rom rusebi guriis taxtis memkvidre daviT
da guriaSi mTavris xelisuflebis aRdgenas batoniSvilis ruseTSi gadasaxlebas da sam-
apirebda. male ruseTis sardlobam Seityo, Tavros gauqmebas apirebdnen. gavrcelebulma
rom osmaleTis jari (10.000 mebrZoli) guriis xmebma dedofal sofiomdec miaRwia. ruse-
sazRvarTan dabanakda da samTavroSi SemosaW- Tis mowinaaRmdegeni gansakuTrebiT gaamxneva
relad emzadeboda. zemo aWaris beis, ahmed qobuleTSi aleqsandre batoniSvilis gamo-
ximSiaSvils, osmaleTis sardlobis davale- Cenam. 1828 wlis ivlisSi zemo aWaris mmarT-
biT guriaSi aWarasa da lazeTSi Sekrebili velma ahmed bei ximSiaSvilma weriliT mimarTa
laSqari unda Seeyvana da ruseTis jarebis dedofal sofios mowinaaRmdege erisTavTa
mTavari dasayrdeni _ Coxatauris saguSago saTavado saxlis warmomadgenlebs da maTgan
_ gaenadgurebina. guriaSi osmalTa SemoWras moiTxova, rom surebis xeobis mosaxleoba
ivan paskeviCi samTavros strategiuli mniS- dedofls usityvod damorCileboda. winaaRm-
vnelobis gamo ver dauSvebda. garda amisa, deg SemTxvevaSi ahmed bei erisTavTa samflo-
osmalebis mier guriis dakavebas SeiZleboda beloebis aoxrebiT imuqreboda.
antirusuli gamosvlebi mohyoloda imereTsa guriis samTavroSi antiosmaluri ganwy-
da samegreloSi. paskeviCs isic afiqrebda, obileba imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom dedofalma
rom ruseTis jaris damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi sofiom mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawilis
ruseTis momxre guriis Tavadebica da azn- mimxroba ver moaxerxa. guriis ramdenime cno-
aurebic osmaleTis mxareze gadavidodnen. es bili Tavadi, maT Soris erisTavebi, aSkarad
osmaleTTan mimdinare omis pirobebSi Zalze dadgnen ruseTis mxareze. ruseTis momxre
saSiSi iyo, radgan, rusebis gaangariSebiT, Tavadebma ojaxebi imereTSi gaxiznes, laSqa-
guriaSi 5.000 molaSqris Sekreba iyo SesaZle- ri Sekribes da CoxataurSi ganlagebul ru-
beli. seTis jaris saguSagos SeuerTdnen. sofios
guriis samTavros sazRvarze osmalTa mowinaaRmdegeTa banakSi iyo Tavad nakaSiZee-
jaris gamoCenisTanave generalma karl hessem bis saxlic, magram, radgan nakaSiZeebis mam-
aucilebeli zomebi miiRo: gaZlierda ruse- ulebi osmaleTis sazRvarTan mdebareobda,
Tis jaris saguSagoebi Waladidsa da naba- maT aqtiuri moqmedebebisagan Tavi Seikaves.
daSi,, raTa foTis midamoebSi osmalebisaTvis
daSi mosaxleobaSi antiosmaluri ganwyobilebis
fexis mokidebis saSualeba ar miecaT. garda gaZlierebas garkveulwilad Seuwyo xeli
amisa, sofel Waladididan rionis marcxena paskeviCis proklamaciam (mowodebam). prokla-
napiriT foTisaken mimaval gzaze adgilobri- maciaSi aRniSnuli iyo: ruseTi, romlis
vi mosaxleobisagan ramdenime saguSago Seiqm- Zliereba msofliom icis, osmaleTs ebrZvis.
na. ruseTis momxreTa gasamxneveblad guriaSi am dros osmalo faSebis mzakvrobiT motyue-
zurab wereTeli gaigzavna. 1828 wlis 9 maiss buli dedofali sofio osmaleTs miemxro da
paskeviCma werili gaugzavna guriis dedofal sulTnisagan saCuqrebic miiRo, risTvisac
sofios. kavkasiis mTavarsardalma dedofals dedofali sasjels ver gadaurCebao. kavka-
ruseTis jaris warmatebebis Sesaxeb auwya, siis mTavarsardali guriis mosaxleobas mou-
morCileba urCia da Tanac gaafrTxila: Tu wodebda ruseTis erTgulni darCeniliyvnen
dedofali osmaleTs miemxroboda, ruseTis da orgulTa gaJletasa da guriis sazRvrebis
jari guriis samTavros aaoxrebda. muqaram dacvaSi monawileoba mieRoT. 1828 wlis iv-
sofio ver SeaSina. 1828 wlis 1 ivniss dedo- lisis damdegs 4.000 osmalo da islamis aRm-
falma trapizonis faSas gamogzavnili osma- sarebeli qarTveli aWarasa da lazeTidan
leTis didi moxele miiRo, romelmac sofios guriaSi SemoiWra da samTavros aoxrebas
guriis samTavros osmaleTis qveSevrdomoba- Seudga. guriis asaklebad movida ahmed bei
Si miRebis damadasturebeli sulTnis sigeli ximSiaSvili 500 molaSqriT da zarbazniT.
da saCuqrebi gadasca. sulTanma saCuqrebi marTalia, viTareba kritikuli iyo, magram
438
vaxtang guruli
osmalTa jaris guriaSi SemoWras dedofal varsardalma general karl hesses miswera: Tu
sofios momxreTa ricxvis mniSvnelovani zrda dedofali sofio danapirebs or kviraSi ar
ar gamouwvevia. movlenebis ganviTarebam ru- Seasrulebs, guria jariT daikave, dedofali
seT-osmaleTis frontze dedofal sofios gadaayene da samTavros marTva-gamgeoba rusi
gegmebi CaSala. ruseTma warmatebebi moipova oficris TavmjdomareobiT gurul TavadTa
rogorc balkaneTSi, ise samxreT kavkasiaSi. sabWos gadaecio. paskeviCma kargad uwyoda,
1828 wlis 15 ivliss rusebma foTis cixe-si- rom dedofal sofios kidec rom moendome-
magre aiRes. rogorc ki foTis dacemis ambavi bina, guriis laSqriT qobuleTs, Caqvsa da ba-
Seityo, guriaSi SemoWrili osmalTa jari Tums ver daikavebda.
ukan gabrunda. 24 ivliss rusebma axalqalaqi 1828 wlis 16 agvistos ruseTis jarma
aiRes. brZolaSi daiRupa ahmed bei ximSiaSvi- axalcixe aiRo. osmalebma samxreT kavkasiaSi
lis vaJi fahrad bei
bei.. ivan paskeviCi axalcixeze mTavari dasayrdeni dakarges. osmaleTis mar-
ieriSisaTvis emzadeboda. Seqmnil viTarebaSi cxma ivan paskeviCs qobuleTisa da baTumis
ahmed bei aWaraSi dabrunda da axalcixis gar- dakavebis imedi aRuZra, ris gamoc dedofal
nizonis dasaxmareblad gaemarTa. dedofal sofios SemoTavazebas rusebi ukve seriozu-
sofios momxreebma svimon erisTavis sasaxle lad moekidnen. paskeviCi varaudobda, rom
gadawves da askanis cixeSi Sevidnen, sadac guriis jaris SeWras osmaleTis samflobe-
ukve imyofeboda dedofali. loebSi SeiZleboda osmaleTis winaaRmdeg is-
lamis aRmsarebeli qarTvelebis, aWarlebis,
amboxeba mohyoloda. 1828 wlis agvistos Sua
ricxvebSi afxazeTis mTavarma mixeil ServaSi-
§3. guriis samTavros gauqmeba
Zem general karl hesses sTxova, eSuamdgomla
1828 wlis 27 ivliss ivan paskeviCma kavkasiis mTavarsardlis winaSe, raTa misTvis
moxseneba gaugzavna nikolai I-s. kavkasiis afxazeTis jariT qobuleTis dakavebis neba
mTvarsardali imperators sTxovda mieca daerTo. mixeil ServaSiZe paskeviCs jariT
miTiTeba, Tu rogor emoqmeda im SemTxvevaSi, daxmarebas ar sTxovda, Tumca saWirod miaC-
Tu dedofali sofio osmaleTSi gaiqceoda nda, rom laSqrobis dros ruseTis samxedro
an guriaSi darCenas gadawyvetda. imperator- gemebs zRvis napir-napir ecuraT, raTa nave-
ma kavkasiis mTavarsardals aseTi miTiTeba biT momavali afxazeTis laSqari osmalTa
misca: Tu dedofali sofio osmaleTSi gai- flotis moulodneli Tavdasxmisagan dae-
qceoda, guriis samTavro uSualod unda cvaT. dedofalma sofiom da mixeil ServaSi-
SeerTeboda ruseTs da imereTis droebiT Zem icodnen, rom samxreT kavkasiaSi osmale-
mmarTvelobas damorCileboda; Tu dedofali Tis marcxma aWaraSi prorusuli ganwyobileba
guriaSi darCeboda, mas yvela ufleba unda gaaZliera. qobuleTis sanjayis beim memed
CamorTmeoda da taxtis memkvidris srulw- TavdgiriZem ruseTis sardlobas acnoba: Tu
lovanebamde samTavros marTva-gamgeoba sab- ruseTis jari qobuleTze gailaSqrebs, me
Wos unda gadascemoda, romlis Tavmjdomarec Tqven mxares gadmoval da dagexmarebiT, os-
rusi moxele iqneboda. malTa winaaRmdeg damoukideblad brZola
dedofali sofio darwmunda, rom os- ar SemiZlia, radgan qobuleTSi trapizonis
maleTi ruseTTan omSi damarcxdeboda. 1828 faSas gamogzavnili 2.000 osmalo dgas osman
wlis 8 agvistos sofiom monaniebis werili beis sardlobiTo. memed TavdgiriZes mxars
miswera ivan paskeviCs da Tan aRuTqva: ru- uWerda misi Zma aslan bei TavdgiriZe.
TavdgiriZe.
seTisadmi erTgulebis damtkicebis mizniT 1828 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis samxedro
guriis laSqriT qobuleTs, Caqvs da baTums floti trapizonisaken daiZra da WaneTis
daikavebda da ruseTs gadascemda, oRond sanapiroze osmaleTis simagreebi dabomba,
molaSqreTa gasamxneveblad paskeviCs jariT Tumca raime arsebiTi Sedegi amas ar mouta-
daxmarebas sTxovda. 16 agvistos sofiom nia. gadamwyveti mniSvneloba trapizonze sax-
monaniebis werili gaugzavna Tbilisis samx- meleTo gziT laSqobas eniWeboda. qobuleTis
edro gubernator general-adiutant niko- mimarTulebiT laSqrobis dawyebamde ivan
lai sipiaginsac.
sipiaginsac. paskeviCma dedofal sofios paskeviCma gadawyvita guriaSi saimedo zurgis
qobuleTis, Caqvisa da baTumis dasakaveblad Seqmnis mizniT dedofal sofiosaTvis mZev-
ori kvira misca, imavdroulad kavkasiis mTa- lebi (daviT maWutaZe da daviT vaxtangis Ze
439
erisTavi) moeTxova. sofiom mZevlebis gagza- naaRmdeg gavilaSqroo. hessem dedofal so-
vnaze uari ganacxada. maSin paskeviCma guriaSi fios SeuTvala ozurgeTSi dabrunebuliyo
Tavadi falavandiSvili gagzavna da dedo- da laSqrobis gegma erTad SeedginaT. sofio
fals guriis samTavros sammarTvelo sabWos karl hessesTan Sexvedras apirebda, magram am
amoqmedeba mosTxova. sofiom amazec uari ganzraxvaze daviT maWutaZem aaRebina xeli.
ganacxada da ruseTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolve- 1828 wlis 1 oqtombers dedofalma lixauris
lad mzadeba daiwyo. dedoflis brZanebiT, cixe datova da qobuleTSi osmalo sardal
saswrafod gaamagres askanis cixis galavani. osman beisTan gamocxadda. lixauris cixe ru-
1828 wlis 8 seqtembers paskeviCma ruseTis seTis jarma daikava. cixeSi rusebs daxvdnen
jaris mTavari Stabis ufros ivan dibiCs dedoflis mcirewlovani Svilebi sofio da
gaugzavna moxseneba, romelSic Tavisi Sexed- terezia.. ufrosi Svilebi, taxtis memkvidre
terezia
uleba Camoayaliba guriis samTavros Sesaxeb. daviTi da ekaterine, dedofals Tan waeyvana.
kavkasiis mTavarsardali werda: dedofali sofios gahyvnen daviT maWutaZe, giorgi Tavd-
sofio guriis samTavros sammarTvelo sabWos giriZe, lazare nakaSiZe, 8 aznauri da 56 msax-
Tavmjdomareobidan gadayenebuli unda iqnes; uri. dedofalma mZevlebad waiyvana giorgi
samTavros taxtis memkvidris srulwlovne- erisTavis vaJebi konstantine da daviTi da
bamde guriis samTavro unda ganagos sabWom gigo erisTavis vaJi aleqsandre
aleqsandre.. karl hesse
rusi oficris TavmjdomareobiT; Tu taxtis dedofalsa da mis amalas daedevna. 1828 wlis
memkvidre daviT batoniSvili osmaleTSi gai- 15 oqtombers SekveTilTan (wm. nikolozis si-
qceva, maSin guriis samTavro uSualod unda magresTan) rusebsa da osmalebs Soris brZola
SeuerTdes ruseTs. paskeviCi dibiCs ganumar- gaimarTa, rusebma gaimarjves, magram gener-
tavda, Tu ratom ar daikava jariT guriis sam- alma karl hessem mdinare Coloqis gadalaxva
Tavro: guriis sazRvarTan 5.000 aWareli da ver gabeda da ukan gamobrunda. dedofali
lazi, yvela kargi msroleli, idga, romlebic sofio qobuleTSi didxans ar SeCerebula da
Semdeg axalcixis garnizonis dasaxmareblad male trapizonSi gaemgzavra. 1828 wlis noem-
wavidnen; guriaze, axalcixesa da yarsze erT- berSi ruseTis jarma guriis samTavros yvela
droulad rom gvelaSqra, davmarcxdebodiT; strategiuli simagre daikava.
axla, roca yarsi, artaani, axalcixe, xerT- 1828 wlis noembris Sua ricxvebSi ivan
visi da awyuri ruseTis jars ukavia, gurias paskeviCma guriis samTavros droebiTi mar-
usisxlod davimorCilebT, radgan gurulebs Tva-gamgeoba daawesa. am organos qarTul
osmalebi veRar daexmarebiano. dokumentebSi ``guriis
guriis droebiTi sasamarT-
1828 wlis seqtemberSi Savi zRvis sana- lo“ ewodeba. guriis samTavros droebiTi
piroze Cveuli kokispiruli wvimebi daiwyo, mmarTvelobis saTaveSi rusi oficeri idga,
ramac gzebi gauvali gaxada. ruseTis jarSi mmarTvelobaSi Sedioda ori guruli Tavadi.
gavrcelda dizenteria, cieba da sxva sneule- droebiTi mmarTveloba qarTuli samarTlis
bebi, moulodnelad Zlier acivda. yovelive mixedviT wyvetda samoqalaqo saqmeebs, sisx-
amis gamo trapizonisaken xmeleTis gziT lis samarTlis saqmeebi gansaxilvelad da
galaSqreba SeuZlebeli gaxda. 1828 wlis 30 gadasawyvetad quTaisSi imereTis mmarTvels
seqtembers amoiwura paskeviCis mier dedo- egzavneboda, romelsac guriis samTavros
fal sofiosaTvis qobuleTis, Caqvisa da ba- droebiTi mmarTveloba uSualod emorCile-
Tumis dasakaveblad micemuli vada. general- boda. male droebiT mmarTvelobas kidev ori
maiorma karl hessem kavkasiis mTavarsard- wevri Seemata. guriis samTavros droebiT
lis miTiTeba Seasrula da 30 seqtembers 2 mmarTvelobis pirveli Semadgenloba aseTi
batalioni guriaSi Seiyvana. dedofalma so- iyo: podpolkovniki kuliabko (Tavmjdo-
fiom momxreebTan erTad ozurgeTis sasaxle mare), mdivanbegi svimon gugunava
gugunava,, mdivanbegi
datova, mTeli qoneba Tan waiRo da lixauris vaxtang erisTavi.
erisTavi. droebiTi mmarTvelobis
cixeSi gadavida. male rusebma ozurgeTi da adgilsamyofeli sofeli nagomari iyo. ivan
askanis cixe daikaves. karl hesses dedoflis paskeviCma dedofal sofios ramdenjerme Ses-
dapatimreba hqonda nabrZanebi. generalma Tavaza guriaSi dabruneba, magram uari miiRo.
mosaxleobisaTvis Tvalis axvevis mizniT ga- trapizonSi Casul dedofal sofios didxans
moacxada: guriaSi jariT imitom Semovedi, aRar ucocxlia, igi 1829 wlis 7 seqtembers
rom guriis jarTan erTad osmaleTis wi- gardaicvala.
440
vaxtang guruli
1829 wlis 26 dekembers ivan paskeviCma viT gurielis, Sewyaleba da samSobloSi da-
guriis samTavro gauqmebulad gamoacxada, brunebis nebarTva iTxova. nikolai I-is wi-
gauqmda samTavros droebiTi mmarTvelobac. naSe Sesabamisi Suamdgomloba aRZra grigori
guria ruseTis imperiis provinciad iqca. 1830 rozenma. 1831 wels nikolai I-s samSobloSi
wlidan oficialur dokumentebSi gauqmebuli dabrunebis nebarTva sTxoves daviT batoniS-
samTavro `guriis
`guriis olqad“
olqad“ moixsenieboda. 1840 vilma da osmaleTSi gaxiznulma gurulma Ta-
wels guriis olqi saqarTvelo-imereTis gu- vadebma da aznaurebma. 1832 wels trapizonSi
berniis ozurgeTis mazrad gardaiqmna. myofma avstriis samefos konsulma nikolai
guriis samTavros gauqmebasTan erTad I-s devnil gurulTa Sewyaleba sTxova. 1832
daviT da ekaterine batoniSvilebma yovel- wlis 25 ianvars nikolai I-ma osmaleTSi gaq-
gvari memkvidreobiTi ufleba dakarges. ivan ceuli yvela piri Seiwyala. osmaleTSi Sewy-
paskeviCma osmaleTSi gadaxvewil daviT ba- alebulebTan mosalaparakeblad Semoqmedis
toniSvils guriaSi dabruneba SesTavaza da monastris mRvdeli ivane gogitiZe gaigzavna.
Tanac guriis sazRvrebs gareT yma-mamulis 1832 wlis seqtemberSi SewyalebulTa erTi
boZebasac dahpirda. kavkasiis mTavarsardali nawili gemiT redut-kaleSi, xolo meore
ekaterine batoniSvils didi pensiis daniSv- nawili SekveTilis simagreSi Camovida. samSob-
nas aRuTqvamda. Sewyaleba ar vrceldeboda im loSi dabrunebulebi karantinis gasavlelad
gurul Tavadebsa da aznaurebze, romelTac Semoqmedis monasterSi gagzavnes, xolo Sem-
osmaleTs Seafares Tavi. maT guriaSi dab- deg ozurgeTSi gadaiyvanes. sul samSobloSi
runeba aekrZalaT, xolo SerisxulTa qoneba dabrunda 9 Tavadi (daviT maWutaZe, giorgi
naTesavebs Soris unda ganawilebuliyo. TavdgiriZe, ramdenime Tavadi erisTavTa sax-
1831 wels kavkasiis axalma mTavarsar- lidan da sxv), 27 aznauri (qaixosro TayaiS-
dalma grigori rozenma nikolai I-is winaSe vili, giorgi jayeli, eliSuxu Wyonia da sxv.),
iSuamdgomla da osmaleTSi gaxiznuli daviT 58 glexi, Semoqmedis monastris arqimanditri
da ekaterine batoniSvilebis, aseve guruli anTimozi da kidev erTi mRvdeli. samSobloSi
Tavadebisa da aznaurebis, Sewyaleba iTxova. dabrunebis droisaTvis ekaterine batoniS-
rozeni werda: mcirewlovan daviT da ekat- vili ukve sulierad iyo gatexili. daviT ba-
erine batoniSvilebis dedasTan erTad os- toniSvili peterburgSi gagzavnes da kadetTa
maleTSi gaqceva danaSaulad ver CaiTvleba, korpusSi miabares. male daviT gurielma ofi-
xolo maTi osmaleTSi yofna mudam saSiSi cris Cini miiRo da Crdilo kavkasiaSi Samilis
iqneba da sjobs maT samSobloSi dabrunebis winaaRmdeg brZolebSi monawileobda. 1839
nebarTva mivceTo. 1831 wels vaxtang guri- wels igi aul axulgosTan brZolaSi daiRupa.
elis qvrivma mariam orbelianma Svilis, da-
441
Tavi XXIV. 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba
XIX saukunis damdegis erovnuli moZrao- gaqarwylebaSi. is monawileni, romelTa brali

ba damarcxda, Tumca ruseTis batonobisagan savsebiT dadasturebuli iyo, cdilobdnen is
saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebisaTvis brZola monawileni, romelTa brali jer kidev ar iyo
ar Sewyvetila. amaze metyvelebs XIX saukunis damtkicebuli, cru Cvenebebis micemis gziT
30-40-ian wlebSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi, pasuxisgebisagan gaeTavisuflebinaT. swored
kerZod, 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba da 1841 wlis amiT aris ganpirobebuli is, rom bevri mniS-
ajanyeba guriaSi. orive movlenam cxadad daa- vnelovani faqti sagamomZiebo komisiisaTvis
dastura, rom ruseTis imperiis koloniurma saerTod ucnobi darCa. rac Seexeba sagamoZie-
politikam saboloo mizans ver miaRwia _ saqa- bo komisiis daskvnas, obieqturobis Tvalsaz-
rTvelo ruseTis ganuyofel nawilad ver aq- risiT arc is imsaxurebs did ndobas. komisiam,
cia. politikuri Tu sxva miznebidan gamomdinare,
1832 wlebis SeTqmuleba mecnieruli bevri umniSvnelovanesi faqti uyuradRebod
Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi ur- datova, xolo saintereso detalebi ar daa-
Tulesi problemaa. es, upirveles yovlisa, zusta. sagamoZiebo komisiis muSaobaze gavle-
ganpirobebulia wyaroTmcodneobiTi ba- nas axdenda ruseTis xelisuflebis pozicia,
ziT. SeTqmulebis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis romelic daineresebuli iyo, SeTqmulebi-
aucilebeli dokumentebi da masalebi pi- saTvis seriozuli mniSvneloba ar mieniWe-
robiTad SeiZleba eqvs jgufad davyoT: 1. bina. misTvis gacilebiT xelsayreli iyo
SeTqmulebis gamomJRavnebis Semdeg Tbilissa SeTqmuleba dardimandi qarTveli axalgazr-
da peterburgs Soris mimdinare oficial- da Tavadebis erTi jgufis fuqsavatur gata-
uri mimowera; 2. SeTqmulTa mier sagamoZiebo cebad gaesaRebina. mas ar surda 1832 wlis
komisiaSi micemuli Cvenebebi da ganmartebebi; SeTqmuleba farTo sazogadoebis msjelobis
3. sagamoZiebo komisiis daskvna SeTqmulebis sagani gamxdariyo. kavkasiis mTavarsardali
aRmocenebis, mimdinareobis, miznebis, monawi- grigori rozeni ruseTis imperiis samxedro
leTa dadgenis, calkeul SeTqmulTa rolis, ministr aleqsandr CerniSevs sTxovda, rom
dasaxuli miznis miRwevis gzebisa da SeTqmul- SeTqmulebis saqme mmarTvel senats ar gaer-
Ta braleulobis gansazRvris Sesaxeb; 4. Ziebis Cia. kavkasiis mTavarsardali werda, rom Tu
procesSi mopovebuli SeTqmulebis monawile- saqme senatSi gairCeoda, SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb
Ta mier Seqmnili programuli Tu sawesdebo masala presaSi moxvdeboda. am siZneleebis
xasiaTis dokumentebi; 5. SeTqmulebis monawi- miuxedavad, mainc SesaZlebeli xdeba 1832
leTa mimowera; 6.mogvianebiT gamoqveynebuli wlis SeTqmulebis aRmocenebisa da ganviTa-
memuarebi. am masalebidan yvelaze vrceli rebis istoriis dadgena.
SeTqmulTa mier sagamoZiebo komisiaSi mice-
muli Cvenebebi da ganmartebebia. es masala,
obieqturobis TvalsazrisiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi
§1. SeTqmulebis Casaxva. pirveli SeTqmulebi
sando araa: SeTqmulebis yvela monawile, cxa-
dia, cdilobda Cvenebis micemisas daemala is, 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis mizans ruseTis
rac mis braleulobas daamZimebda. yvela bral- batonobisagan saqarTvelos ganTavisufleba
debuli cdilobda SeTqmulebaSi monawileobis warmoadgenda.SeTqmuleba ar iyo lokaluri
uaryofas da Tu amas ver axerxebda, maSin Tavis movlena da igi mTeli qarTuli sazogadoebis
danaSauls sxvas abralebda da Tavs sxvis mier miswrafebas gamoxatavda. misma organizator-
SecdomaSi Seyvanil msxverplad acxadebda. ma qarTulma aristokratiam kargad uwyoda,
ufro metic, SeTqmulebis zogierTi monawile Tu ra did riskze midioda, magram SeTqmu-
sagamoZiebo komisias arwmunebda: SeTqmule- lebs isic kargad hqondaT gacnobierebuli,
baSi monawileobas mxolod imitom viRebdi, ra didi safrTxis winaSe idga samSoblo.
rom yvelaferi dawvrilebiT Semetyo da Sem- SeTqmulebis idea pirvelad peterburg-
deg xelisuflebisaTvis mecnobebinao. yvela Si gaCnda. misi erT-erTi mTavari monawile
braldebuli cdilobda, rom SeTqmulebisaT- dimitri erisTavi sagamoZiebo komisias aseT
vis zerele xasiaTi mieca da amave dros xels Cvenebas aZlevda: `1825 wels me Cavedi peter-
uwyobdnen erTmaneTs wayenebuli braldebis burgSi, vcxovrobdi farnavaz batoniSvilTan
442
vaxtang guruli
(erekle
erekle II-is vaJi _ v. g.) da xSirad vxvdebodi nucxada: dimitri batoniSvili saqarTvelos
dimitri batoniSvils(
batoniSvils( iulon batoniSvilis gaTavisuflebas SesaZleblad miiCnevda, gana-
vaJi _ v. g.) romelTanac xSirad iyvnen xolme Tlebis did mniSvnelobas aRiarebda, `xolo
Tavadebi giorgi da elizbar erisTavebi.
erisTavebi dimi- saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ucxo saxelmwifoe-
tri batoniSvili gviambobda Cveni istoriidan bTan urTierTobas apirebda, aqebda frangebs,
ambebs Tavisuflebaze, riTac Cven, ase vTqvaT, rogorc Tavisuflebis damcvelT da aZagebda
mogvamzada da mere, dimitri da vaxtang orbe- rusebs~.
lianebis Camosvlis Semdeg, Cagvinerga ra azri dimitri da oqropir batoniSvilebTan
Tavisuflebaze, maTi momzadebac daiwyo. dim- qarTvelebis Sekrebebma Sedegi gamoiRo. 1826
itri batoniSvilTan xSirad Tavs viyridiT: wlis 20 dekembers peterburgidan solomon
aleqsandre ColoyaSvili, dimitri orbeliani,
elizbar da giorgi erisTavebi da me. dimi-
tri batoniSvili saubars yovelTvis saqarT-
veloze iwyebda da ambobda, rom qarTvelebi
veluri da gaunaTlebeli xalxia, umefod
arian da sxv. amiT undoda Seuracxeyo Cveni
Tavmoyvareoba da Tavis ganzraxvas kidec mi-
aRwia: vis ar uyvars Tavisi samSoblo da ar
gamoidebs misTvis Tavs! dimitri batoniS-
vilma isargebla, Cveni mxridan sityva rom
SevubruneT da ukve aSkarad dagviwyo saqa-
rTvelos Tavisuflebaze laparaki. pirvel
saSualebad igi axalgazrdebisagan sazoga-
doebebis Sedgenas, ganaTlebis gavrcelebas
da am sazogadoebebis gamravlebas miiCnevda.
Cemi peterburgidan wamosvlis win, e.i. 1832
wels, man ganmicxada saidumlo mimoweris Ses-
axeb, romliTac SeiZleboda sakuTari azris
gadacema ise, rom mimRebma is waikiTxos, ro-
gorc ubralo werili. amgvari saidumlo mi-
mowera warmoebda amoWrili safosto qaRal-
dis naxevari furclis saSualebiT~. elizbar
erisTavis Cvenebis mixedviT, dimitri ba-
toniSvils aseTi ram uTqvams: `saWiroa erTi oqropir batoniSvili
batoniSvilTagani daxmarebis saTxovnelad
safrangeTSi wavides, magram Cven amas ar vS- dodaSvilma filadelfos kiknaZes werili
vrebiT, radgan saamiso gambedaoba da saSu- gamougzavna. werilidan Cans, rom peterburg-
aleba ara gvaqvso~. samSobloSi wamosvlis win Si SeTqmulebis ujredi ukve Casaxulia, Tum-
dimitri batoniSvils elizbar erisTavisaT- ca amis gadaWriT mtkiceba ar SeiZleba. sam-
vis aseve uTqvams: `rusebs ara aqvT ufleba, agierod, araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs sagamoZiebo
romeliRac manifestis ZaliT saqarTvelos komisiis masalebSi Semonaxuli peterburgSi
flobdnen~. dimitri batoniSvils elizbar Sedgenili es dokumenti: `welsa 1828-sa dResa
erisTavisaTvis aseTi davaleba miucia: Tqven, 13 maisisa SevkariT kandraxti, ase rom, rac
vinc saqarTveloSi midixarT, unda ecadoT Cveni sargeblobisaTvis iyos da rac Cven gvi-
SeadginoT sazogadoeba, miimxroT xalxi, fiqria, vinc umtyuvnos am amxanagobaSi da an
imoqmedoT da samSoblo gaaTavisufloTo. saerTo sargeblobisaTvis, iyos SeCvenebuli
elizbar erisTavis Cvenebis mixedviT, dimi- RvTisagan.~ am `kandraxtze ~(kontraqtze), ro-
tri batoniSvils uTqvams, rom saqarTvelos melic, faqtobrivad, fics warmoadgens, xels
gaTavisuflebis mizniT TbilisSi karga xania, awerdnen Tavadebi: dimitri erisTavi, giorgi
sazogadoeba arsebobso. dimitri da eliz- erisTavi da elizbar erisTavi.
erisTavi. 1828 wlis 13
bar erisTavebis Cvenebebs adasturebs giorgi maisi unda CaiTvalos peterburgSi SeTqmul-
erisTavic, romelmac sagamoZiebo komisias ga- Ta viwro wris Camoyalibebis TariRad.
443
saqarTveloSi SeTqmulebis organizebis elizbar erisTavic. oqropir batoniSvilis

saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana Tbilis- TbilisSi Camosvlis Semdeg SeTqmulTa orga-
Si Camosulma oqropir batoniSvilma. ale- nizacias mtkice safuZveli eyreba. organiza-
qsandre orbelianis, solomon dodaSvilisa da ciis wevrebs SeTqmulebi, garda aleqsandre
elizbar erisTavis Cvenebebis mixedviT, 1829 orbelianisa, sagamoZiebo komisiaSi micemul
wlamde, e.i. oqropir batoniSvilis TbilisSi CvenebebSi pirdapir ar asaxeleben. TviT ale-
Camosvlamde, SeTqmulebaze aravin fiqrob- qsandre orbelianic organizaciis wevrebis
da. am Cvenebebis mixedviT, SeTqmulebis or- dasaxelebisas oqropir batoniSvils eyrdno-
ganizebis mizniT qmediTi nabijebi oqropir ba, romlis naTqvamis mixedviT, 1830 wlisaTvis
batoniSvils gadaudgams. aleqsandre orbe- SeTqmulTa Soris yofilan: oqropir batoniS-
lianis, solomon dodaSvilisa da elizbar vili, aleqsandre WavWavaZe, elizbar erisTavi,
erisTavis Cvenebebi seriozul eWvs iwvevs. solomon dodaSvili. oqropir batoniSvils
savaraudoa, rom maT winaswar moilaparakes, SeTqmulebaSi Tamar batoniSvilis (iulon ba-
raTa braldeba Tavidan aecilebinaT da Tavi toniSvilis qaliSvili, dimitri batoniSvi-
oqropir batoniSvilis STagonebis msxverplis da _ v.g.) Cabmis imedic hqonia.
lad warmoedginaT. imaves amtkicebda dimi- TbilisSi SeTqmulTa organizaciis
tri erisTavic. davuSvaT, rom aleqsandre Semqmnel oqropir batoniSvils elizbar
orbeliani marTlac oqropir batoniSvilis erisTavisaTvis Semdegi instruqcia miucia:
gavleniT Caeba SeTqmulebaSi, elizbar da `gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebSi unda eZioT
dimitri erisTavebi xom peterburgSi Seqm- SeTqmulebisaTvis gamisadegi xalxi, pirve-
nili SeTqmulTa viwro wris wevrebi iyvnen da lad nacnobebiT unda daiwyoT, mere dau-
1828 wlis 13 maiss ficic hqondaT dadebuli? megobrdeT, SeZlebisdagvarad gaigoT misi
ruseTidan momavali Tu ruseTSi mima- Tvisebebi, SeuZlia Tu ara saidumlos dac-
vali qarTvelebis nawils mainc unda scod- va da bolos isic gaigoT dawvrilebiT, Tu
noda peterburgis saidumlo wris arsebobis rogori azrisaa mTavrobaze, xolo Semdeg,
Sesaxeb. elizbar erisTavma da aleqsandre aucileblad martos, Zalian frTxilad gaum-
orbelianma sagamoZiebo komisiaSi ganacxades, JRavnoT SeTqmuleba. oqropir batoniSvili
rom ruseTSi mimavali grigol orbeliani elizbar erisTavs hpirdeboda, rom ecdeboda
Tanaxma iyo urTierToba hqonoda dimitri da male dabrunebuliyo saqarTveloSi, raTa pi-
oqropir batoniSvilebTan. elizbar erisTav- radad emoqmeda. Tu aleqsandre orbelianisa
ma aCvena, TbilisSi SeTqmulebis organizebis da elizbar erisTavis mier micemul Cvenebebs
Sesaxeb peterburgSi dimitri batoniSvils gavaanalizebT, Cndeba safuZvliani eWvi, rom
swored grigol orbelianis meSveobiT Se- TbilisSi SeTqmulTa organizaciis sulisCam-
vatyobineo. aleqsandre orbelianis Cvenebas dgmelad oqropir batoniSvili winaswargan-
Tu vendobiT, mas grigol orbelianisaTvis zraxviT aris dasaxelebuli. SeTqmuleba
uTxovia:~ oqropir batoniSvilTan da dimitri TbilisSi oqropir batoniSvilis gareSec
batoniSvilTan iqonie SeerTeba, saubari am mzaddeboda. peterburgidan TbilisSi da-
Cvens ganzraxvasa zeda~. TbilisSi SeTqmulTa brunebul elizbar erisTavs SeTqmulebis
organizaciis Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb moskovSi mowyoba dimitri batoniSvilisagan hqonda
oqropir batoniSvils solomon dodaSvilma davalebuli. oqropir batoniSvili SeTq-
da aleqsandre orbelianma acnobes. oqropir mulTa organizaciis Camoyalibebas, cxadia,
batoniSvils Tbilisidan sistematiurad awv- xels uwyobda, magram igi organizaciis Se-
didnen cnobebs dimitri erisTavi, solo- qmnis iniciatori da sulisCamdgmeli ar yo-
mon dodaSvili, elizbar erisTavi, aleqsan- fila. ase rom, elizbar erisTavis Cveneba,
dre orbeliani. zemoT CamoTvlilTa garda, TiTqos SeTqmulebaSi igi oqropir batoniS-
oqropir batoniSvili TbilisSi SeTqmulebis vilma CaiTria, sinamdviles ar unda Seef-
monawileebad asaxelebs aleqsandre WavWavaZ- erebodes. oqropir batoniSvilis brali ukve
es da giorgi erisTavs. damtkicebuli iyo, xolo elizbar erisTavisa
aseTi viTareba iyo TbilisSi 1829 wlis _ ara. aseT SemTxvevaSi SeTqmulebi, winas-
Semodgomamde. am droisaTvis Camodis saqa- wari molaparakebis mixedviT moqmedebdnen:
rTveloSi oqropir batoniSvili (giorgi XII-is yvelafers Tavis Tavze iRebda is, visi bral-
vaJi _ v. g.). 1830 wels ruseTidan brundeba ic ukve damtkicebuli iyo.
444
vaxtang guruli
zemoT motanili masalis safuZvelze sis gareT myof SeTqmulebis wevrebTan da

SeiZleba davaskvnaT: 1828 wlis SemodgomisaT- jgufebTan urTierTobis sakiTxebs agvarebda,
vis, e.i. TbilisSi oqropir batoniSvilis Camos- uzrunvelyofda maT kavSirs SeTqmulTa Ziri-
vlis droisaTvis, SeTqmulebis mowyobisaT- Tad organizaciasTan. bolo dros elizbar
vis yovelgvari winaswari samzadisi ukvw dam- erisTavic ZiriTadad TbilisSi imyofeboda.
Tavrebuli iyo da mTliani organizaciis Cam- aleqsandre orbeliani sagamoZiebi komisiaSi
oyalibeba mzaddeboda. organizaciis Seqmnas micemul CvenebaSi aRniSnavs: `Cemi amxanagni
xeli ruseTidan 1829 wels oqropir batoniSvi- didi mcdelni iyvnen am saqmisa (SeTqmulebisa
lis da 1830 wels elizbar erisTavis Camosvlam _ v. g.), nametnavad Tavadi elizbar SanSes Ze
Seuwyo. 1830 wlis dasawyisisaTvis TbilisSi qsnis erisTavisSvili, romelic yvela Cvenze
SeTqmulTa organizacia ukve Seqmnili unda upiratesi mcdeli Seiqna.~ SeiZleba aleqsan-
yofiliyo. dre orbeliani cotas aWarbebs, magram dada-
§2. SeTqmulTa organizaciis Semadgenloba

sagamoZiebo komisiaSi micemul Cvene-
bebSi SeTqmulebi pirveli organizaciis
wevrebs pirdapir ar asaxeleben, Tumca maT
mier micemuli Cvenebebidan irkveva, rom 1830
wlis damdegidan moqmed SeTqmulTa pirvel
organizacias aleqsandre orbeliani, solo-
mon dodaSvili da elizbar erisTavi xelmZR-
vanelobdnen.
aleqsandre orbeliani mudmivad Tbilis-
Si imyofeboda da SeTqmulebasTan dakavSireb-
uli arc erTi sakiTxi mis gareSe ar wydeboda.
Tbilisidan SeTqmulebis gafarToebis mizniT
wasuli elizbar erisTavi Tavisi saqmianobis
Sesaxeb organizacias cnobebs aleqsandre
orbelianis meSveobiT awvdida. SeTqmulebs
organizaciis saxeliT werilebs aleqsandre
orbeliani werda, cnobilia, rom aleqsandre
orbelianma sxvadasxva sakiTxze werilebi
gaugzavna: elizbar erisTavs, solomon do-
daSvils, biZina erisTavs, Salva erisTavs,
Teimuraz amilaxvars. Tbilisidan daRestan- solomon dodaSvili
Si mimavali giorgi daviTis Ze erisTavs fi-
ladelfos kiknaZisaTvis miuweria, Tu raime sturebulia, rom elizbar erisTavis roli
dagWirdes, aleqsandre orbelians miswereo. sul ufro izrdeboda da bolos igi orga-
solomon dodaSvili,
dodaSvili, romelic aleqsan- nizaciis saerTo xelmZRvaneladac iqna ar-
dre orbelianTan erTad TiTqmis mudmivad Ceuli.
TbilisSi imyofeboda, am ukanasknelTan er- marTalia, aleqsandre orbeliani, sol-
Tad wyvetda yvela mniSvnelovan sakiTxs. omon dodaSvili da elizbar erisTavi SeTq-
rogorc irkveva, solomon dodaSvilis mova- mulTa organizacias xelmZRvanelobdnen,
leobas SeTqmulebis ideis propaganda Sead- magram organizaciaSi sxva aqtiuri wevre-
genda. marTalia, solomon dodaSvili so- bic iyvnen. garkveuli droidan da gansa-
cialuri warmoSobiT glexi iyo, magram ro- kuTrebiT bolo etapze, SeTqmulebis xelmZ-
gorc ganaTlebul adamians, mas srul ndobas RvanelobaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda
ucxadebda aleqsandre orbeliani, aseve sxva iase falavandiSvili. sagamoZiebo komisiis
SeTqmulebi. masalebis mixedviT, SeTqmulTa organiza-
elizbar erisTavi umTavresad Tbili- ciis aqtiuri wevrebi aseve unda yofili-
445
yvnen: vaxtang orbeliani, dimitri erisTavi, niaT dimitri yifiansa da daviT erisTavs.
erisTavs.
giorgi erisTavi, zaqaria ColoyaSvili. SeTq- saidumlo azrebis erTmaneTisaTvis gasazi-
mulTa organizaciis wevrTa umravlesoba, areblad SeTqmulebs aseve hqoniaT pirobiTi
marTalia, TbilisSi imyofeboda, magram maT gamoTqmebi.. sagamoZiebo komisiis masalebSi
gamoTqmebi
mudmivi mimowera hqondaT SeTqmulebis sxva daculia oqropir batoniSvilis mier dimi-
wevrebTan, magaliTad, kaxeTSi, SuamTis mon- tri erisTavisaTvis miwerili baraTi. dimi-
asterSi myof filadelfos kiknaZesTan,
kiknaZesTan, xolo tri erisTavis ganmartebiT, `yvela gamonaTq-
am ukanasknelis meSveobiT _ giorgi daviTis vami figuraluri iyo, ise, rom ucxo adamians
Ze erisTavTan.
erisTavTan. swored filadelfos kikna- misi gageba ar SeeZlo.~dadasturebulia isic,
Zis meSveobiT SeTqmulebma kavSiri daamyares rom saidumloebis dacvis mizniT SeTqmulebi
Telavis mazris TavadebTan. mimowera warmoe- erTmaneTs ``megobrebsa
megobrebsa~~ da ùrodebs
ùrodebs~~ uwo-
bda filadelfos kiknaZis mier SemuSavebuli debdnen. 1830 wels peterburgidan Tbilis-
saidumlo anbaniT. TbilisSi SeTqmulTa or- Si gamomgzavrebis win dimitri batoniSvils
ganizaciis garda, saqarTveloSi SeTqmulTa elizbar erisTavisaTvis gadaucia safosto
jgufebis arsebobas sagamoZiebo komisiaSi qaRaldis naxevari, romelic alag-alag amoW-
micemul CvenebaSi adasturebs iase fala- rili yofila da romlis saSualebiTac Sei-
vandiSvili. am ukanasknelisaTvis aleqsandre Zleboda sakuTari azris gadacema ise, rom
orbelians uTqvams, rom iqmneboda ori axali mimRebs is sxvisTvis sul sxvagvarad waekiTxa,
sazogadoeba: erTs qmnidnen general-maiori xolo TviTon ki safosto furclis saSuale-
aleqsandre WavWavaZe da luarsab orbeliani,
orbeliani, biT ise gaego, rogorc saWiro iyo.
xolo meores _ general-maiori muxranski. 1830 wlis damdegidan SeTqmulTa or-
amrigad, TbilisSi moqmedebda SeTqmulTa ganizacia sul ufro da ufro izrdeboda.
organizacia, romelic aerTianebda saqarT- SeTqmulTa zusti raodenobis dadgena Seu-
velos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi arsebul SeTqmulTa Zlebelia, am SemTxvevaSi erTaderT wyaros
sazogadoebebsa da jgufebs. sagamoZiebo komisiis masalebi warmoadgens.
SeTqmulTa organizaciis struqturis Ziebis procesSi micemuli Cvenebebidan dadg-
ase Tu ise gamarTvis Semdeg iwyeba mizan- inda, rom SeTqmulebaSi 145 kaci monawileob-
dasaxuli saqmianoba SeTqmulebaSi axali da. sagamoZiebo komisiis mier es 145 kaci dan-
wevrebis Casabmelad. aleqsandre WavWavaZis aSaulis simZimis mixedviT 10 Tanrigad daiyo.
winadadebiT, gadawyda kavSiris damyareba pirveli Tanrigi: `romlebmac Tavisi ST-
sparseTSi myof aleqsandre batoniSvilTan. es agonebiT dasabami misces borot ganzraxulo-
saqme SeTqmulebis erT-erT xelmZRvanel alebas~. am rangis damnaSaved CaiTvalnen oqropir
qsandre orbelians daevala, romelmac meore da dimitri batoniSvilebi.
batoniSvilebi. batoniSvilebi:
aleqsandre orbelianis (aleqsandre giorgis Tamar iulonis asuli da Tekla erekles
Ze orbelianis) daxmarebiT aleqsandre ba- asuli aqtiur monawileobas Rebulobdnen
toniSvils SeTqmulebaSi monawileobis miReba SeTqmulebaSi da isini pirveli kategoriis
SesTavaza. organizaciaSi axali wevrebis Cab- damnaSaveebad unda CaTvliliyvnen. imis gamo,
mis mizniT aqtiurad moqmedebdnen solomon rom Tamar batoniSvili janmrTelobaSeryeu-
dodaSvili, elizbar erisTavi da aleqsandre li qali iyo, damnaSaveTa pirvel Tanrigs ar
orbeliani. miakuTvnes da misi saqarTvelodan samudamo
kavSiris damyareba saqarTvelos sx- gadasaxleba gadawyda. Tekla batoniSvili,
vadasxva kuTxeSi arsebul sazogadoebebsa da romlis sami Svili aqtiur monawileobas iReb-
jgufebTan, aseve ucxoeTSi myof qarTvelebT- da SeTqmulebaSi, aseve ar miakuTvnes pirvel
an, aucilebels xdida mimoweris saidumloebis Tanrigs da masac saqarTvelodan samudamo
dacvas. es saqme SeTqmulebs kargad hqondaT gadasaxleba miusajes.
dayenebuli. pirvel rigSi, unda aRiniSnos meore Tanrigi: `SeTqmulebis wamqezebel-
filadelfos kiknaZis mier Seqmnili saidum- ni, romlebic xalxs aRagznebdnen SeTqmulebi-
lo anbani. am anbaniT warmoebuli mimoweridan sa da TviT ajanyebisTvisac ki~. am jgufs
sagamoZiebo komisiis masalebSi giorgi davi- miakuTvnes: elizbar erisTavi, podporuCiki
Tis Ze erisTavis filadelfos kiknaZisadmi aleqsandre vaxtangis Ze orbeliani, iase fala-
miwerili mxolod ori werilia SemorCenili. vandiSvili, Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis
filadelfosis saidumlo anbani aseve scod- maswavlebeli solomon dodaSvili.
446
vaxtang guruli
mesame Tanrigi: `vinc SeTqmulebaSi aqti- mitana, rom man ar icoda SeTqmulebis ambavi,
ur monawileobas iRebda da ajanyebis ideas an mas TanaugrZnobda~. am jgufSi Sevidnen:
eTanxmeboda~. aseTad iqnen miCneuli: Tamar ba- praporSCiki konstantine ServaSiZe,
ServaSiZe, hasan bei
toniSvili, artileriis praporSCiki dimitri ServaSiZe, Tamar ServaSiZe
ServaSiZe,, Tbilisis yofili
erisTavi, maiori luarsab orbeliani, maiori samxedro gubernatori piotr zavileiski,
zavileiski,
vaxtang orbeliani, korneti giorgi revazis Ze safrangeTis sakonsulos mdivani letelie
letelie.
erisTavi, aleqsandre batoniSvili, mola zama- mecxre Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: `viszedac SeiZleba
na, mola mehmedi. monawileobaSi da borotganzraxul saubarSi
meoTxe Tanrigi: `ganzraxulis (SeTqmu- eWvis mitana~. am Tanrigs miakuTvnes 31 kaci,
lebis _ v. g.) Tanaxma iyvnen, magram masSi aq- maT Soris: poruCiki daviT naTaliSvili,
naTaliSvili, svi-
tiuri monawileoba ar miuRiaT, an iRebdnen mon maCabeli, barZim amilaxvari, ivane amilax-
monawileobas SeTqmulebaSi romelime wels, vari,, samsaxuris gareSe myofi praporSCiki
vari
ajanyebis mowyobis ganzraxva ki mxolod nawi-
lobriv icodnen. am jgufs miakuTvnes: poru-
Ciki mamuka orbeliani,
orbeliani, titulovani mrCev-
eli dimitri pauSenko,
pauSenko, Tadarigis poruCiki
aleqsandre giorgis Ze orbeliani,
orbeliani, solomon
razmaZe,, praporSCiki giorgi daviTis Ze eri-
razmaZe
sTavi,, maswavlebeli stefane avTandilaSvili,
sTavi avTandilaSvili,
maswavlebeli dimitri yifiani
yifiani,, samsaxuridan
gasuli praporSCiki biZina erisTavi,
erisTavi, gad-
amdgari podporuCiki dimitri orbeliani,orbeliani,
Tekla batoniSvili,
batoniSvili, mTavardiakoni filadel-
fos kiknaZe. sagamoZiebo komisiis azriT, am
Tormet kacs SeTqmulebaSi aqtiuri monaw-
ileoba ar miuRia, rac sinamdviles ar Seef-
ereba. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT, rogor
SeiZleba filadelfos kiknaZe miCneul iqnas
pasiur SeTqmulad...
mexuTe Tanrigi: `vinc ganzraxuls
(SeTqmulebas _ v. g.) eTanxmeboda da sxva ara-
viTari monawileoba ar miuRia~. amgvar dam-
naSaved iqna miCneuli: kancelariis moxele
(mTargmneli) ioseb mamacaSvili, Tadarigis
podporuCiki ivane erisTavi,
erisTavi, praporSCiki le-
van erisTavi,
erisTavi, borCaloeli TaTari yadim naR-
dai oRli, Cildireli TaTari qosa-mustafa
qosa-mustafa,,
Teimuraz lorTqifaniZe. Tekla batoniSvili
meeqvse Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: `vinc icoda SeTqmulebis
ambavi da romelzedac didi eWvis mitana Teimuraz amilaxvari,
amilaxvari, Tbilisis feriscva-
SeiZleba, rom mas kidec eTanxmeboda~. am lebis monastris mRvdelmonazoni tarasi,tarasi,
jgufSi Sevidnen: podporuCiki anton afxazi,afxazi, Tavadis qali salome farnaozis asuli,
asuli, me-14
praporSCiki daviT jorjaZe
jorjaZe,, praporSCiki ga- klasis moxele Tadia ColoyaSvili
ColoyaSvili,, titulo-
briel mamacaSvili,
mamacaSvili, kapitani zaqaria ColoyaS- vani mrCeveli birTvel TumaniSvili, givi ami-
vili,, seminarieli grigol taliaSvili
vili taliaSvili,, so- laxvari,, samsaxuris gareSe myofi praporSCi-
laxvari
mexi zaal yorRanovi,
yorRanovi, borCaloeli TaTari ki luarsab TarxniSvili, kolegiis mrCeveli
veli ali emin oRli.
oRli. andrei melnikovi.
melnikovi
meSvide Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: `vinc icoda SeTqmule- meaTe Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: ìs pirni, romlebzedac
ba, magram ar eTanxmeboda~. aseTad iqnen miC- araviTari eWvis mitana ar SeiZleba~. am Tan-
neuli: general-maiori aleqsandre WavWavaZe,
WavWavaZe, rigs 47 kaci miakuTvnes, maT Soris: samsax-
poruCiki grigol orbeliani.
orbeliani uris gareSe myofi podporuCiki aleqsandre
merve Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: `viszedac SeiZleba eWvis ColoyaSvili, ivane baraTaSvili, mRvdeli
447
efrem aleqsiSvili, dimitri maRalaSvili, rom TviT aleqsandre WavWavaZec dakiTxvaze

ivane maCabeli, stefane dodaSvili. meaTe medgrad icavda Tavs. ramdenime SeTqmuls
jgufSi moxseniebulia agreTve cnobili dakiTxvisas mainc wamocda zogierTi ram
frangi mecnieri mari brose. generlis monawileobis Sesaxeb.SeTqmulebi
rogorc vnaxeT, SeTqmulebaSi, garda qa- cdilobdnen, sagamoZiebo komisia daerwmune-
rTvelebisa, monawileobdnen TaTrebi
TaTrebi(mola
(mola binaT imaSi, rom TiTqos aleqsandre WavWava-
zamani, mola mehmedi, yadim naRdai oRli, qosa- Zem bolo dRemde ar icoda maTi ganzraxvis
mustafa, veli ali emin oRli), rusebi
rusebi(dimitri
(dimitri Sesaxeb, xolo rodesac es ganzraxva Seityo,
pauSenko, andrei melnikovi), frangebi (mari gadaWriT win aRudga maT da urCia xeli
brose, letelie), poloneli (piotr zavileis- aeRoT mis sisruleSi moyvanaze. miuxedavad
ki) somexi (zaal yorRanovi). amisa, sagamoZiebo komisiam dadasturebulad
miiCnia aleqsandre WavWavaZis SeTqmulebaSi
SeTqmulebis saqmeze sagamoZiebo komi- monawileoba, Tumca igi damnaSaveTa meSvide
siis mier aT TanrigSi gaerTianebuli 145 jgufs miakuTvna, `vinc icoda SeTqmuleba,
kacidan absoluturi umravlesoba qarTul magram ar eTanxmeboda~.
aristokratias (TavadTa socialur fenas) sagamoZiebo komisia didi mondomebiT
ekuTvnoda, romelTa didi nawili ruseTis cdilobda gaerkvia, Tu ruseTis imperiis saz-
imperiis samxedro an samoqalaqo samsaxurSi Rvrebs gareT visTan hqondaT kavSiri SeTqmu-
imyofeboda. SeTqmulTa rigebSi mxolod ram- lebs. dadginda, rom maT kavSiri hqoniaT
denime iyo aznauri an glexi. es imas niSnavs, sparseTSi myof aleqsandre batoniSvilTan.
rom SeTqmulebaSi sxvadasxva doniT Cabmuli SeTqmulebma kargad icodnen, Tu ras moas-
iyo mTeli qarTuli inteleqtualuri elita. wavebda maTTvis aleqsandre batoniSvilTan
SeTqmulebi gansakuTrebiT eridebodnen war- kavSiris dadastureba, ris gamoc yovelnairad
Cinebuli, ruseTis samsaxurSi myofi, didi cdilobdnen batoniSvilTan urTierTobis
Tanamdebobis pirTa SeTqmulebaSi monawileo- uaryofas, Tumca es ver SeZles. aleqsandre
bis gamomJRavnebas, radgan xsenebuli kate- orbelianis CvenebaSi vkiTxulobT:~pirveli
goriis pirTa braleulobis dadastureba yve- wigni batoniSvils aleqsandresTan rom mi-
la monawilis xvedrs daamZimebda. SeTqmulebi vswere, mas wignsa Sina iyo xsenebuli isreT,
imis damalvasac ki cdilobdnen, rom ruseTis rom Cveni sazogadoeba sTxovs mas, kaxeTsa
winaaRmdeg 1830-1831 wlebSi poloneTSi mim- Sina gamosvlas, vinaidgan sazogado msurvel-
dinare ajanyebis TavianT sasargeblod gam- ni arian mis mefobas da saqarTvelos ganTavi-
oyeneba undodaT da CvenebaSi aRniSnavdnen, suflebas rusTagan da rodesac igi batoniS-
TiTqos am ajanyebas SemTxveviT, rogorc am- vili kaxeTsa gamovidoda, maSin, Cvenis sazoga-
bavs, ise axsenebdnen. dos azriT, moxdeboda viTomc aRreuloba. da
im pirTagan, romelTa SeTqmulebaSi am wignis pasuxi mis batoniSvilisagan miviRe
monawileobis damalvas cdilobdnen, iyvnen esreT, rom me mamiSenis Svils ar vendobio,
general-maiori aleqsandre WavWavaZe,
WavWavaZe, Tbili- (aleqsandre orbelianis mama vaxtangi ruse-
sis yofili samoqalaqo gubernatori pi- Tis samxedro samsaxurSi iyo _ v. g.), magram
otr zavileiski da TbilisSi safrangeTis mainc kidev gendobio. me movxucdi da aRar
sakonsulos mdivani letelie
letelie.. marTalia, SemiZliano da axla Tqvenma sazogadoebam
SeTqmulebis pirvel organizatorTa So- icis, rogorc moiqceviTo. meore wigni miviRe
ris ar yofila da organizaciuli xasiaTis mis batoniSvilisagan esreT, adreve Tqveni
saqmianobiT arc Semdeg gamoirCeoda, ma- sazogadoebis magierad sakuTriv SengniT mi-
gram yvelaze didi avtoritetiT aleqsandre viRe wignio, romelTac gsurT saqarTvelos
WavWavaZe sargeblobda. SeTqmulebs kargad ganTavisufleba da mpirdebodiT mefobasao,
hqondaT gaazrebuli, misi monawileobis ro- magram TqvengniT me veRara Sevityve rao da
gorc moraluri, ise realuri mniSvneloba. aRara macnobeT rao. me amisi pasuxi mivwere
isic kargad esmodaT, Tu ramdenad gaar- axla srulebiT mSvidobianoba aris-meTqi da
Tulebda maT saqmes aleqsandre WavWavaZis aRaravin aRaras fiqrobs, vinaidan poliakebi
SeTqmulebaSi monawileobis dadastureba, ris daiTrgunen.~ Semdeg aleqsandre orbeliani
gamoc yovelnairad cdilobdnen misi bral- uCvenebs, momdevno xanebSi Tu ra kavSirebi
debisagan gaTavisuflebas. unda aRiniSnos, arsebobda aleqsandre batoniSvilsa da SeTq-
448
vaxtang guruli
mulTa organizacias Soris: `mis, aleqsandre vedris Sesaxeb aleqsandre orbelians moaxse-
batoniSvilis, kaci mahmada rom iyo CemTan na. aleqsandre orbelianis CvenebaSi aRniSnu-
da miTxra Semdegni: egviptis faSisagan ori lia, rom 1831 wels igi Tavis col-SvilTan,
kaci movida aleqsandre batoniSvilTanao, ZmasTan, vaxtangTan, Tamar batoniSvilTan,
wigni hqondaTo, Semdeg raodensame dRes ukan, elizbar da giorgi daviTis Ze erisTavebTan
movida aznauri garsevan, gvari ki me aRar ma- erTad ierusalimSi unda gamgzavrebuliyvnen.
gondeba misi. is aznauri da me gamogvgzavnes gamgzavrebis nebarTva oficialurad unda
yazi molasTan (ruseTis winaaRmdeg ajanyebul mieRoT. roca aleqsandre orbeliani da misi
daRestnis imami_ v. g.) wignebiTao da gare- Tanmxlebi pirebi osmaleTis teritoriaze
moeba ki aRar maxsoms,_ Tqo man mahmadam,_ mis Sevidodnen, erT-erTi maTgani iranSi gadavi-
wignebisa da yazi moladganac wignebi wamo- doda da osmaleTSi gadaiyvanda aleqsandre
viReTo, sTxovden aleqsandre batoniSvils, batoniSvils. molaparakebis dasrulebis Sem-
rom daRistanSi gamosuliyo. me ki aRar max- deg batoniSvili iranSi dabrundeboda, xolo
danarCenebi ierusalimisaken gaagrZelebdnen
gzas. ierusalimSi gamgzavreba ver mox-
erxda da es molaparakebac CaiSala. vaxtang
orbelianis CvenebiT, aleqsandre orbeli-
ans ingliselebTan urTierTobis damyarebis
TxovniT aleqsandre batoniSvilisaTvis wer-
iliT miumarTavs.
SeTqmulTa mier Sedgenili saqarTvelos
mmarTvelobis proeqtis mixedviT, aleqsan-
dre batoniSvili saxelmwifo sammarTvelos
Tavmjdomared iyo nagulisxmevi.
§3. SeTqmulTa programa, wesdeba da taqtika

1. programa. SeTqmulTa umTavres sap-
rogramo moTxovnas Seadgenda saqarTvelos
ganTavisufleba ruseTis batonobisagan, anu
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgena.
ajanyebis warmatebiT dasrulebis SemTxveva-
Si SeTqmulebs ganzraxuli hqondaT ganesaz-
RvraT saqarTvelos saxelmwifo wyobileba.
aleqsandre orbeliani
saxelmwifo wyobilebis proeqti elizbar eri-
sTavis karnaxiT giorgi erisTavs dauweria. am
soms, wigniRa mivwere batoniSvils Tu ara da proeqtis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mmarTveli
sityviT davabare mas mahmadas esreT, sazoga- organo samTavrobo ((sammarTvelo
sammarTvelo)) orad iyo-
dos magierad, rom solomon razmaZe mohyveba foda, zeda da qveda sammarTveloebad. zeda
ruseTis poslanniks Tavrizs da mas, batoniS- sammarTvelos wevrebi unda yofiliyvnen: saqa-
vils, gaegzavna mRvdeli mas razmaZesTan da rTvelos mefe aleqsandre batoniSvili, samx-
mas razmaZesTan eqonia SeerTeba, ganucxadeb- edro ministri general-maiori aleqsandre
da yovels Cvens garemoebasa da esec, rom WavWavaZe,, iusticiis ministri konstantine
WavWavaZe
mas batoniSvils unda eqonia SeerTeba ing- muxranbatoni, finansTa ministri nikoloz fa-
liselebis poslanikebTan, romelnic Tavrizs lavandiSvili, Sinagan saqmeTa da ganaTlebis
arian.~ mola zamanam, romelic aleqsandre ministri giorgi (iagor) WilaSvili, sagareo
batoniSvilTan iyo gagzavnili, Tavis Cvene- saqmeTa ministri vasili bebuTovi.
bebuTovi. qveda sam-
baSi daadastura, rom mola mehmedi qarTvel marTveloSi unda Sesuliyvnen deputatebi
garsevanTan erTad namdvilad iyo gagzavnili yvela mazridan, romelTac saCivris saqmeebi
yazi molasTan. iranidan dabrunebis Semdeg unda ganexilaT. xelisuflebis organize-
mola mehmedma aleqsandre batoniSvilTan Sex- bis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa zaal avTan-
449
dilaSvilis Cveneba, romelSic vkiTxulobT: yovelTvis saTanado ars, raTa wevri mpovne-
„ajanyebis meore dRes undodaT SeeqmnaT li wevrisa yoveli ganucxadebdes povnilTa
seimi da vidre mefes airCevdnen, saqarTvelos Tvisgan wevrTa, mpovnelsa Tvissa wevrsa~.
mmarTveloba sazogadoebisagan arCeuli sei- marTalia, azri mTlad bolomde gamarTuli
mis wevrebisaTvis unda CaebarebinaT.“ ar aris, magram am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs
ufro dawvrilebiT, Tu rogori unda saidumlo organizaciebis wesdebis sayovel-
yofiliyo saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo da Taod gavrcelebul principTan: SeTqmulTa
aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba, sagamomZiebo organizaciis wevrma, roca igi SeTqmulebaSi
komisiis masalebidan ar Cans. axali wevris Cabmas gadawyvets, saidumlod
2. wesdeba. SeTqmulebis saqmis Ziebisas unda daicvas im pirovnebis vinaoba, romelmac
komisias xelSi Cauvarda dokumenti, romelic piradad igi Tavis droze Caaba SeTqmulebaSi.
asea dasaTaurebuli _ àktiàkti goniuri~.
goniuri es do- mexuTe punqti gvauwyebs, rom SeTqmulTa or-
kumenti SuamTis monastris ber filadelfos ganizaciis wevrebs erTmaneTTan ùsamRToesi
kiknaZis mieraa Sedgenili da metad saintere- siyvaruli~ unda akavSirebdeT. meeqvse pun-
soa SeTqmulebis istoriis Seswavlis Tval- qti afrTxilebs SeTqmulebs: Tu SeTqmulTa
sazrisiT. Tavisi SinaarsiT àkti goniuri~ organizaciis wevris mier miyvanili axali
SeTqmulTa organizaciis wesdebaa, ufro wevri mteri (moRalate) aRmoCnda, `jer ars,
zustad rom vTqvaT, masSi ZiriTadad Sesu- raTa daxsnas igi mteroba da viyvneT, viTarca
lia sawesdebo, SedarebiT mcired _ sapro- wevrisadmi~, anu moRalatis mimyvani wevri,
gramo sakiTxebi. àkti goniuris~ struqtura mas Semdeg, rac moRalate gamJRavndeba, mainc
aseTia: 1. Sesavali (dasaTaurebuli ar aris), organizaciis wevrad rCeba. meSvide punqti
2. `sjulni
`sjulni goniurisa aktisani~
aktisani~ (11 punqti) 3. krZalavs SeTqmulTa organizaciaSi momx-
`fici
fici wevrTa~,
wevrTa , 4. `ZiebisaTvis
ZiebisaTvis wevrisa~.
wevrisa veWelobas, erTi wevris mier sxva wevrTaT-
mTeli dokumenti dawerilia saeklesio vis qonebis moxveWis mizniT raimes Txovnas.
qarTuliT da uxvadaa gajerebuli wminda Txovna dasaSvebi iyo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,
werilis cnebebiT, xSiradaa damowmebuli axa- Tu SeTqmuls raime didi saWiroeba (gaWirve-
li aRTqmis wignebi da mociqulTa epistolee- ba) hqonda. merve punqti SeTqmulebs ukrZa-
bi. `sjulni goniurisa aktisanis~ pirvel pun- lavda saidumlo sakiTxebze sxvasTan saubars,
qtSi aRniSnulia, rom SeTqmulebis monawile- garda SeTqmulebaSi mis mier Cabmuli wevrisa.
TaTvis aucilebelia qristianuli swavlebis mecxre punqti SeTqmulebaSi axali wevris
dacva: `mtkice siyvaruli da pativiscema re- Cambmels afrTxilebs: `yovelman mpovnelman
liRiisa, rwmunebad WeSmaritebisa misisa da wevrman unda ixmaros simkacre, raTa povni-
raoden SesaZlo ars, dacvad saRmrTosa sju- li misgan wevrni iqceodnen keTilad sju-
lisa da mcnebisa misisa, viTarca ubedniere- lisa qveSe aktisasa, unda aqvndes sifrTxile,
sisa saSualobisa~. meore punqtSi naTqvamia, ara SemoeparosT kaci vnebuli, znemoSlili,
rom `xelmwifeni da mefeni~ RvTis gangebiT dadedlebuli da daxlili~. meaTe punqtSi
arian movlenilni, amitom xelisuflebis wi- aRniSnulia, rom SeTqmulTa organizaciis ax-
naaRmdeg brZola RmerTis winaaRmdeg brZo- alma wevrma unda dados fici da xeli moawe-
laSi ar unda gadaizardos, `raTa ar iyos ros àkt goniurs~, xelmowerili aqti axali
winaaRmdeg saRmrToisa reliRiisa~. mesame wevris mimyvanTan unda inaxebodes. meTerT-
punqti megobars megobrisaTvis Tavis dadebi- mete punqti àkti goniuris~ damrRvevT exeba:
saken mouwodebs: `TiToeuli wevri Sekrul Tu organizaciis axali wevri aqtis princi-
ars samisa TavSewirulebisa srulis siyvaru- pebs ver icavs, man amis Sesaxeb organizaciaSi
liT da srulis SeZlebiT RvTisadmi~. meoTxe mimyvans unda acnobos.
punqti SeTqmulebaSi axali wevrebis Cabmas “akti goniuri~ gansazRvravda SeTqmulis
exeba: `yoveli wevri unda eZiebdes SeZinebad mier JestikulaciiT miniSnebis wess: `niSani
wevrTa gonierebiT~. SeTqmulTa rigebSi ax- ars, romliTaca aniSnebs wevri wevrsa, mar-
ali wevrebis miReba did saSiSroebasac gu- jvenis xelis nekiT moifxans Sublsa, ukeTu
lisxmobda, auciliebeli iyo garkveuli si- Semxvedri wevri ars, mivals da ambors uyofs,
frTxilis dacva: àra jer ars, raTa pirvel- viTarca Zmasa da wevrsa~.
man wevrman uTxras meoresa, Tvisgan mopoe- SeTqmulTa organizaciis wevri debda
bulsa wevrsa mompovneli misi wevri, xolo fics, romelic ase iwyeboda: `Tayvanis vcem
450
vaxtang guruli
mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa, da vfucav radgan isini StabSi Seikribebiano. luarsab
saxelsa missa winaSe cisa, qveyanisa, winaSe orbelians amaze aseTi pasuxi gaucia: `vin
gonebisa Cemisa, winaSe ZalTa, raodeni rai miscems maT Sekrebis saSualebas? rogorc
ars caTa Sina da raodeni rai ars qveyanasa ki aq raime moxdeba, radgan yvela TavadiS-
zeda da raodeni rai ars siRrmeTa Sina. da vili aq Seikribeba am SemTxvevis gamo, yvelas
vficav cxovels myofelsa jvarsa da saxare- eyoleba Tan xalxi, eseni maSinaTve gahgzav-
basa da sarwmunoebasa Cemsa, raodensaca ras nian yvela Tavis sofelSi da SeuTvlian pa-
aRiarebs sarwmunoeba Cemi...~ rols, romelic iqneba rusebis wyveta da
àkti goniuris~ teqstis erTi varianti maSin, garwmunebT, rom arc erTi rusi aRar
sagamoZiebo komitetma TbilisSi moipova, darCeba. iase falavandiSvils Tavis Cveneba-
meore peterburgSi aRmoCnda. orive vari- Si mohyavs elizbar erisTavis sityvebi: `sx-
anti identuria im gansxvavebiT, rom pe- vadasxva soflidan velodebi Cemi glexebis-
terburgis variants erTvis `ZiebisaTvis gan 12 mamasaxliss, romelnic miiReben gank-
wevrisa,~romelic ase iwyeba: `maZiebeli argulebas, Tu ajanyebis dros rogor unda
wevrisa Tanamdeb ars, raTa eZiebdes gvian, moiqcnen.~ iase falavandiSvili aseve ixsenebs
da gamocdilebiT, romeli ara auCqardes, vi- aleqsandre orbelianis naTqvams, rom mas
dremdis ara moiyvanos siyvarulisadmi...~ Sem- ajanyebis SemTxvevisaTvis mzad hyavda ram-
deg modis konkretuli miTiTebebi SeTqmule- denime aseuli TaTarTa cxenosani. iase fala-
baSi axali wevrebis CambmelTaTvis, rac arse- vandiSvilis mier motanil aleqsandre orbe-
biTad ar gansxvavdeba àkti goniuris~ meoTxe lianis sityvebs adasturebs giorgi revazis Ze
da mecxre punqtebis moTxovnebisagan. erisTavi.. 1832 wlis 5 dekembers aleqsandre
erisTavi
3. taqtika. SeTqmulebs kargad hqondaT orbelians misTvis uTqvams, rom masTan mi-
gacnobierebuli is, rom saqarTvelodan ru- sula `mola zamana, romelsac xalxis moyvana
seTis gandevna urTulesi da Zalze saxifaTo surda~. giorgi erisTavi aseve aRniSnavs, rom
saqme iyo. ruseTs saqarTveloSi sakmaod didi mola zamanas garda, aleqsandre orbelianTan
jari hyavda ganlagebuli da, Tu saWiro gax- sxva TaTrebic misulan, romelTac xalxis
deboda, Crdilo kavkasiidan darialis xeobiT gamoyvanis survili gamouTqvamT. aleqsan-
da yirimidan Savi zRvis navsadgurebiT ja- dre orbelians TaTrebisaTvis fuli miucia
ris damatebiTi kontigentis Semoyvanac See- da ukanve gaustumrebia. sainteresoa mola
Zlo. miznis miRwevas SeTqmulebi qarTvelTa zamanas Cvenebis kidev erTi adgili: aleqsan-
mobilizaciiTa da ucxo qveynebidan miRe- dre orbelians mola zamanas TandaswrebiT
buli daxmarebiT apirebdnen. umTavres imeds sofel hasan xajalis qevxis, Sixil alisaT-
isini, cxadia, sakuTar Zalebze amyarebdnen. vis, dauvalebia, rac SeiZleba bevri xalxis
sagamoZiebo komisiis masalebidan dgindeba, momzadeba da TbilisSi brZanebis misaRebad
rom SeTqmulebis monawile Tavadebi Tavi- ramdenime kacis gagzavna. sami dRis Semdeg
anTi glexebisgan apirebdnen razmebis Seqmnas mola zamana, Sixil ali, yurban yamCi oRli,
da rusis jaris winaaRmdeg maT gamoyenebas. yurban sadu oRli (igive laverdi oRli) da
zogierTi Tavadi arasakmarisad miiCnevda haji husein oRli TbilisSi Camosulan da ale-
glexobis mobilizebas da mzad iyo mTeli qsandre orbelianisaTvis uTqvamT: ìs saqme,
Tavisi qoneba SeTqmulebis warmatebisaTvis romelic maT surdaT, CaiSala~. aleqsandre
gaeRo. yvelaze did Tavganwirvas, rogorc orbelianma sagamoZiebo komisiisaTvis mice-
yovelTvis, elizbar erisTavi, aleqsandre mul CvenebaSi daadastura, rom mola zamanas
orbeliani da solomon dodaSvili iCendnen. marTlac daavala `kacebis Sovna~, xolo cota
aleqsandre orbelianis CvenebaSi aRniSnu- qvemoT ki acxadebs mxolod ramdenime kacs
lia, rom ukve 1831 wels garkveuli gegmac da ara _ ramdenime aseuls. luarsab orbeli-
SeudgeniaT da konkretulad ganusazRvravT, ans Tavisi mouravisaTvis nabrZanebi hqonia,
Tu ramden mebrZols gamoiyvandnen TavianTi rom yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis glexebi mzad
glexebidan luarsab orbeliani, elizbar eri- hyoloda. erT-erTi saubrisas elizbar eri-
sTavi, giorgi daviTis Ze erisTavi, mamuka orbe- sTavs aleqsandre orbelianisaTvis uTqvams,
liani da biZina erisTavi.
erisTavi. erT-erTi SeTqmuli rom qarTlidan glexebis mobilizebis Tavde-
zaqaria ColoyaSvili Tanamzraxvelebs arw- bi TviTon iqneboda, kaxeTidan ki _ solomon
munebda, rom ruseTis damarcxeba Zneli iyo, dodaSvili. giorgi revazis Ze erisTavi Tavis
451
CvenebaSi aRniSnavs, solomon dodaSvili siR- sifrTxilis gamoCena saWirod miiCnia da

naRis mazridan glexebis Camoyvanaze iRebda dauyovnebliv Caayena saqmis kursSi kavkasiis
pasuxismgeblobaso. elizbar erisTavis mier mTavarsardali. SemorCenili dokumentebidan
qarTlidan, xolo solomon dodaSvilis mier ar dgindeba, kidev ra informacias flobda
kaxeTidan glexobis mobilizebis Sesaxeb xelisufleba SeTqmulTa gegmebis Sesaxeb.
dadebul pirobas adasturebs Tavis CvenebaSi rusebma kargad icodnen, rom TbilisSi gad-
iase falavandiSvilic. mosaxlebuli daaxloebiT 500 poloneli qa-
SeTqmulebi ruseTis jarTan sabrZolve- rTvelebisadmi simpaTiiT iyo ganwyobili,
lad glexobasTan erTad Tbilisis mosaxleo- magram, rogorc Cans, polonelTa Soris
bis gamoyenebasac gegmavdnen. aleqsandre or- SeTqmulTa muSaobis Sesaxeb xelisuflebam
belianis CvenebaSi aRniSnulia: èrTs dros araferi icoda. mas arc is unda scodnoda,
iase falavandiSvilTan viyav da laparakSi rom SeTqmulebi gadabirebuli oficrebis
miTxra, viTomc zaliko yorRanovisaTvis daxmarebiT Tbilisis arsenalidan qvemexebis
eTqos, rom qalaqis zogierT xalxT gamoucxa- gamotanas gegmavdnen. aleqsandre orbeliani
dos da daemzadnen buntisaTvis da xmac CvenebaSi aRniSnavs, rom SeTqmulebs axlo
dayaros, viTomc saldaTsa hkrefen.~ urTierToba hqondaT ajanyebis damarcxebis
sagamoZiebo komisiis masalebidan irkve- Semdeg (igulisxmeba 1830-1831 wlebis polo-
va, rom SeTqmulebi ruseTis jarSic cdi- neTis ajanyeba _ v.g.) TbilisSi gadmosaxle-
lobdnen momxreebis povnas. dimitri pauSen- bul polonelebTan. erTi cnobis mixedviT,
kos SeTqmulTaTvis urCevia, TbilisSi myof polonelebi mzad yofilan monawileoba mi-
samoswavlo batalionidan moesyidaT vinme. eRoT TbilisSi ruseTis jaris ganiaraRebaSi.
aleqsandre orbeliani Tavis CvenebaSi aRniS- luarsab orbelianma sagamoZiebo komisiaSi
navs, rom elizbar erisTavs samoswavlo ganucxada: `1832 wels elizbari (erisTavi _ v.
batalionSi myof oTx qarTvel oficerTan: g.) meubneboda da marwmunebda, aq aris 500-mde
daviT jorjaZesTan, daviT naTaliSvilTan, poloneli, romlebic Cvens mxareze iqnebia-
jibrail wereTelTan (meoTxis gvari aleqsan- no.~ iase falavandiSvili aRniSnavs, rom
dre orbelianma ver gaixsena) _ daumyarebia dimitri erisTavs misTvis aseTi ram uTqvams:
kavSiri da imedi hqonia, rom maTi wyalobiT qarTvelebi artilerias ver gamoviyenebT,
batalions gadaibirebdnen. SeTqmulebs gan- radgan artileristebi ara gvyavs, magram
sakuTrebiT daviT jorjaZis imedi hqoniaT. poloneli artileristebi dagvexmarebiano.
anton afxazisaTvis aleqsandre orbelians elizbar erisTavic adasturebs Tavis mWidro
uTqvams, rom samoswavlo batalionis yvela urTierTobas gadmosaxlebul polonel samx-
oficeri mosyiduli hyavdaT. edroebTan.
SeTqmulTa samzadisi kaxeTisa da qar- SeTqmulebi marto soflebidan Camo-
Tlis soflebSi glexTa razmebis Seqmnisa yvanili glexTa razmebis, TaTari cxenos-
da TbilisSi mdgari samoswavlo batalionebisa da gadmosaxlebuli polonelebis ime-
nis oficerTa gadabirebis Sesaxeb, rogorc dad ar iyvnen. isini ruseTis winaaRmdeg sxva
Cans, sinamdviles Seefereba da, amdenad, saxelmwifoebidan daxmarebis miRebas cdi-
raime mizniT SeTxzuls ar hgavs. amaze me- lobdnen. aleqsandre batoniSvilTan urT-
tyvelebs polkovnik cebrikovis moxseneba ka- ierToba TavisTavad gulisxmobda iranTan
vkasiis mTavarsardal grigori rozenisadmi.
rozenisadmi. urTierTobas, radgan batoniSvili ruseTis
cebrikovi rozens moaxsenebs: sofel xaSmi- winaaRmdeg brZolaSi yovelTvis iranis dax-
dan dabrunebulma jariskacma vasilievma mas marebis imedad iyo. SeTqmulebs urTierTo-
acnoba, rom qarTvel grenaderTa polkis ba hqoniaT osmaleTTanac
osmaleTTanac,, yovel SemTxveva-
oficrebi da jariskacebi saubrobdnen qarT- Si, urTierTobis damyareba ucdiaT mainc.
velTa SeTqmulebaze, romlis mizani iyo ru- am mizniT isini TbilisSi myof osmaleTis
seTis jaris nawilis gawyveta, xolo nawilis konsuls daaxloebian da, savaraudoa, rom
_ saqarTvelodan gaZeveba. sofel sarTiWa- SeTqmulebis ganzraxvac gaundviaT misTvis.
lis mosaxleobas uari ganucxadebia rusebis luarsab orbelianis Cvenebas Tu vendobiT,
winaaRmdeg brZolaze. cebrikovi aRniSnavda, 1831 wels aleqsandre orbeliani osmaleTis
rom mas saSualeba ar hqonda Seemowmebina konsuls xvdeboda da SeTqmulebis Taobaze
vasilievis mier miwodebuli cnobebi, magram esaubreboda. imave Cvenebis mixedviT, solo-
452
vaxtang guruli
mon dodaSvilis sanaxavad misul luarsab da Sepyrobilni gagveTavisuflebina.

aleqsandre orbelianebs iq osmaleTis kon- anton afxazis mier moyvanil aleqsandre
suli daxvedriaT. 1831 wels osmaleTis kon- orbelianis sityvebs adasturebs es ukanaskne-
sulis stumrobis faqts Tavis CvenebaSi sol- li sagamoZiebo komisiisaTvis micemul Cvene-
omon dodaSvilic aRniSnavs. aleqsandre or- baSi. dokumentis mniSvnelobidan gamomdin-
belianis Cvenebis mixedviT, im dRes solomon are, igi TiTqmis mTlianad mogvyavs:
dodaSvilTan vaxtang orbeliani da elizbar `1831-sa welsa, odesca bunti iyo pol-
erisTavic imyofebodnen. elizbar erisTavi SaSi, im dros Tamar batoniSvilma da elizbar
adasturebs, rom igi marTlac iyo miwveuli erisTavma me rom miTxres, saqarTvelos gan-
solomon dodaSvilTan. vaxtang orbeliani ki Tavisufleba gvsurso da mec maTi monawile
acxadebs, rom xsenebul Sexvedraze saerTod rom Seviqmen, imis meore dResa, saRamo Jamze
ar yofila. SeTqmulebi gansakuTrebuli yur- CemTan movida Tavadi elizbar erisTavi da
adRebiT adevnebdnen Tvals ruseTis winaaR- miTxra, modi, Tamar batoniSvilTan wavi-
mdeg 1830-1831 wlebSi poloneTSi mimdinare deT salaparakoTao. wavediT me, elizbar da
ajanyebas. isini guldasmiT agrovebdnen cno- Cemi Zma vaxtangic Tan gamogvyva. odesca mi-
bebs ajanyebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, raSic, vediT Tamar batoniSvilTan
batoniSvilTan,, mis divans win
savaraudod, maT did daxmarebas piotr za- davsxediT. maSin uTxariT: batoniSvilovo!
vileiski uwevdaT. SeTqmulebi aanalizebdnen aba, rogor SaiZleba, rom saqarTvelo gan-
gazeTebidan miRebuli cnobebs, , poloneTis Tavisufldeso da anu romlis garemoebiTao.
garda, evropis sxva qveynebSi mimdinare mov- maskvan Tamar batoniSvilman Tqo: amisTana
lenebsac akvirdebodnen, magram raime praq- dros qarTvelebi veRar ipovniano, amisaTvis,
tikuli nabiji evropidan daxmarebis miRebis rom, rac jarebi hyavs rusebsao, sul polSaSi
mizniT ar gadaudgamT. aris wasulio, da aq rom areuloba moxdes,
SeTqmulebs isic ki hqondaT gansazRvru- veRar iSovnian jars, rom gamogzavnono. aq
li, Tu ruseTis jaris winaaRmdeg brZolaSi aRreuloba am rigad unda moxdeso: pirveli
pirveli..
romeli droSebiT unda gasuliyvnen. dimitri Tu rom SaiZloT, da erT-erTi polki rom
orbelianis CvenebaSi aRniSnulia: `Sesakreb moisyidoT, diax kargi iqnebao. is polki mo-
adgilad TaTris moedani iyo daniSnuli, sa- syiduli rom geyolebaT, pirdapir aq, qalaqSi
dac unda yofiliyo aRmarTuli droSa, erTi (TbilisSi _ v. g.), Camovao da rac xazina aris,
mxridan RvTismSoblis da meore mxridan wm. sul xelT daiWerTo da maSin advilad iqneba
ninos gamoxatulebiT da meore droSac orive yoveli saqmeo. Rruzinskis polks (qarTvelTa
an marto erTi mxridan wm. giorgis gamoxat- grenaderTa polks _ v. g.) ambobda, Tu imas
ulebiT.~ warmatebis SemTxvevaSi SeTqmulebs moisyidiT, ufro axlo ariso da saCqaroT aq
ordenis dawesebac hqoniaT ganzraxuli, Camovao. radgan polkis mosyidva Zneli aris
ufro zustad, ori ordeni unda daewesebinaT, da arc SeiZlebao, maSin sxva unda movigonoT
daviT aRmaSeneblisa da wm. ninos saxelobisa. rameo. meore
meore.. rac Tavadebi xarT da am saqmeSi
urevixarT, visac ra SegiZlianT, yvelam gai-
weros da romelmac raerTi kaci SeiZlos,
§4. ajanyebis gegma aq, qalaqSi, unda Camoaparon da TviTon Ta-
sagamoZiebo komisiisaTvis micemul vadebic aq unda iyvneno, egeba ori aTasi kaci
CvenebaSi anton afxazi aRniSnavda: aleqsan- moaxerxoTo, maSin isini unda gaiyos, zogi
dre orbelianis mtkicebiT, ajanyebis gegma arsenalze unda mividnen, zogi _ cixezed.
SeTqmulebs jer kidev 1831 wels hqoniaT am ors adgilebs rom daviWerTo, maSin gan-
Sedgenili. am gegmis Sinaarss igi ase gadmos- Tiadis dros unda zarebis rekva moaxdinon
cemda: `RamiT unda mogvekla samoqalaqo gu- da amaSi Zaxili Tavisuflebisa. maSinve kacni
bernatori (saqarTvelos samoqalaqo guber- mzad unda gyvandeTo, rom soflebSi gagza-
natori nikoloz falavandiSvili _ v. g.), mere vnoTo da SeuTvaloT: aleqsandre batoniS-
mTavarmarmarTebeli (kavkasiis mTavarsarda- vili jarebiT qalaqSi Semovida da yvelas
li grigori rozeni _ v. g.), Semdeg xelSi unda gTxovT, rom CamoxvideTo. amaSi kacni unda
Cagvegdo eqstraordinaluri Tanxa (Tanxa gyvandeT, rom lekebSi gagzavnoT da jari moi-
samoqalaqo gubernatorTan inaxeboda _ v. g.) wvioT aleqsandre batoniSvilis saxelzedao.
da bolos, cixeze unda wavsuliyaviT, rom iq da adridganve imereTSi TavadiSvilebi unda
453
gyvandeT gagzavnili, romelTac naTesavebi ekuTvnis. es Tundac iqidan Cans, rom Tbili-
yvanan imereTSio, rom iqac areuloba moax- sis samoswavlo batalionis gadabirebisaTvis
dinono. saxanoebSic (1828 wlis TurqmanCais ramdenime qarTveli oficris mimxroba sulac
zaviT iranis mier ruseTisaTvis daTmobil iyo sakmarisi da,saerTod, ruseTis jaris
saxanoebSi _ v. g.) kacni unda gagzavnoT, Ta- winaaRmdeg rusuli batalionis gamoyeneba
vadebi, rom isinic abuntdneno da ase rigaT sruli utopia iyo. politikur gulubryvi-
unda moaxerxoT, rom polkebi (ruseTis ja- lobad unda miviCniioT safrangeTidan saqa-
ris polkebi _ v. g.) erTi meoresTan veRar mi- rTveloSi ``Wkviani
Wkviani kacebis~
kacebis~ Camoyvanis idea.
videso, Torem raki erTad Seiyrebian, veRarc rogorc Cans, sanam ajanyebis gegmas Tamar ba-
moucdiTo da malec wagvaxdeneno. pirveli is toniSvils miawvdidnen, masze ramdenime ada-
unda iyos, rom polkebs Tavs davesxaTo da miani mainc muSaobda, gegmis samxedro nawili
amisi mcdelni unda iyoT, rom sadac zarba- saqmeSi Caxeduli da gamocdili specialistis
znebi aqvT, Tqven waarToTo. rodesac sal- mier unda yofiliyo Sedgenili, xolo poli-
daTi uzarbaznoT darCebao, maSin aRara Seu- tikuri nawili _ meocnebe idealistis mier.
ZlianT rao. amaSi Tunda jarebi rom gamog- sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da gansxvavebuli
zavnon ruseTidanao, maSin sami adgili aqvT sandoobis dokumentebis analizis Sedegad
Semosasvlelio. pirveli aragvis xeobao, is im daskvnamde midvivarT, rom ajanyebis geg-
martoka qviT da kldiT esreT gamagrdebao, ma samxedri TvalsazrisiT SedarebiT ukeT
rom jarebic aRar mogindebaT, rom iq daay- iyo damuSavebuli, vidre misi politikuri
enoTo da iqiTgan verasdros veRar Semogiv- nawili. Tavdapirvelad ajanyebis dawyeba
leno. meore Savi zRva ariso. iqac rom aTi 1832 wlis 20 noembrisaTvis iyo ganzraxuli.
zarbazani da eqvsi aTasi kaci rom daayenoTo, am dRes TbilisSi yrilobaSi monawileobis
veraodes ver gamogivlen jarebio. mesame kas- misaRebad unda Camosuliyvnen qarTl-kaxeTis
piis zRva darCao. iq didrovani xomaldebi Tavadebisa da znaurobis warmomadgenlebi.
ver muSaobso da mgonia, sul iqidgan jari ar Tumca es ajanyebis drod 1832 wlis 20 no-
movideso da Tunda movides, wvrili sudnebiT embris daniSvnis erTaderTi mizezi ar iyo.
movleno da bevri rom gamogzavnon, ori pol- iase falavandiSvili sagamoZiebo komisiisaT-
ki Zlivs wamova aqeTgano da verasdros ori vis micemul CvenebaSi aRniSnavs, rom zaqaria
polki ver gamogivaT, oTxi aTasi kaci rom ColoyaSvili 20 noembers ajanyebis dawyebas
iqa gyvandeT, kmarao da ramdenime zarbaza- Semdegi motivebiT asabuTebda: 1. kavkasiis ko-
nio. da es sami adgilebi rom daiWiroT, Sem- rpusis sardali saqarTveloSi ar imyofebo-
deg nuraodes fiqri nuRar geqnebaT, rom iq da. (kavkasiis mTavarsardali grigori rozeni
rusebiRa Semovidnen. magram uTuoT reguli am dros ruseTis jariT daRestanSi ajanyebis
unda gamarToT (igulisxmeba regularuli CasaxSobad iyo wasuli _ v. g.); 2. kavkasionis
jaris Seqmna _ v. g.), odesca areuloba mox- mTebze ruseTis jari ver gadmovidoda ( am
des aqao. amaSi yizilbaSSi da osmalSi kacni droisaTvis kavkasionis mTavar qedze Tovli
unda gagzavnilni gyvandnen, rom oRondac ido _ v. g.); 3. zamTarSi jaris zRviT gad-
xaziniT SegvewieniT-Tqo da erevans da axal- moyvanac SeuZlebeli iyo. ajanyebis drois-
cixes Tqven daganebebT-Tqo da isinic uTuod aTvis TavadaznaurTa yrilobis monawileTa
Segvewevian, amebs rom dahpirdebiT. kidev TbilisSi yofnas didi mniSvneloba hqonda,
franciaSi erT-erTi didi kaci vinme gagza- magram ajanyebis dawyebis TariRis yrilobis
vneT, rom es aRreuloba gamoucxadoso da gasxnis droisTavs damTxvevas Tavisi naklic
Semweoba sTxovos saqarTvelos magieraTao, gaaCnda, _ yrilobis gaxsnis gadadeba Ta-
esec sTxovos, rom ramodenime Wkviani kacni visTavad iwvevda ajanyebis dawyebis gadade-
gamogzavnon aq, saqarTveloSi, radganac aq bas. asec moxda. TavadaznaurTa yriloba jer
diax cota Wkvianni kacni gvyvanano. isini iq- 1832 wlis 6 dekembrisaTvis, xolo bolos 20
idgan rom movlen maSin, is francicebi diax dekembrisaTvis gadaido. amis gamo Seicvala
daawyoben saqarTveloSi rigsao~. ajanyebis dawyebis TariRic.
Tamar batoniSvilis mier Camoyalibebu- ajanyebis gegmis saboloo varianti Cam-
li ajanyebis gegma, Cveni azriT, ar SeiZleba oyalibda dokumentSi, romelsac SeTqmulni
mTlianad mas mivaweroT. aSkaraa, rom gegma `pirveli
pirveli Ramis gankargulebas~
gankargulebas~ uwodebdnen.
samxedro saqmeSi kargad Caxedul adamians sainteresoa dokumentis Seqmnis istoria.
454
vaxtang guruli
sagamoZiebo komisiisaTvis micemul CvenebaSi marSali Tavadi dimitri orbeliani,

orbeliani, Tavadi
dimitri erisTavi aRniSnavs: `pirveli Ramis mamuka orbeliani,
orbeliani, Tavadi elizbar erisTavi.
gankarguleba me davwere iase falavandiSvi- TaTris moedanze unda gamocxadebuliyo
lis saxlSi, sadac iyvnen, mgonia, Tavadebi yvela SeTqmuli, garda adgilebze daniSnu-
aleqsandre orbeliani, korneti giorgi da lisa, aseve _ gadmosaxlebuli polonelebi
elizbar erisTavebi da TviTon iase fala- da qalaqis dabali wodebis warmomadgenle-
vandiSvili. imave CvenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom bi. Sekreba unda momxdariyo aziuri musikis
pirveli Ramis gankargulebis daweramde SeTq- TanxlebiT.
mulTa TanxmobiT dimitri erisTavs Seudge- TaTris moedanze misul SeTqmulebs eva-
nia sia, Tu vin sad unda yofiliyo ganwese- lebodaT: 1. Tbilisis mosaxleobis Sekreba; 2.
buli ajanyebis dawyebis momentisaTvis: eklesiebSi zarebis reka; 3. sionis taZridan
`cixeze unda wasuliyo Tavadi dimitri RvTismSoblis xatis, aseve somxebis feTxainis
vaxtangis Ze orbeliani 40 kaciT. yazarmebze eklesiidan RvTismSoblis xatis gamobrZaneba,
daniSnuli iyvnen zaqaria ColoyaSvili da xatebi xelT unda sWerodaT mRvdlebsa da
giorgi revazis Ze erisTavi 200 kaciT. berebs, romelTac xmamaRla unda eZaxaT: Cven
arsenalSi daniSnuli viyaviT me da vax- Tavs vwiravT saqarTvelos ganTavisufleba-
tang vaxtangis Ze orbeliani,
orbeliani, agreTve savele- so.
sasursaTo komisiis winaaRmdeg _ 40 kaci. uSualod ajanyebis dawyebamde
navTluRSi daniSnuli iyo biZina eri- SeTqmulebis samoqmedo gegma aseTi iyo:
sTavi 10 kaciT.~ 1. TbilisSi wesrigi unda daecvaT, rom
pirveli Ramis gankargulebis Sinaarss, aranairi borotmoqmedeba ar momxdaroyo;
dimitri erisTavisagan gansxvavebiT, Tavis 2. Tu Tavadebi, aznaurebi, Tbilisis mo-
CvenebaSi ase warmogvidgens iase falavandiS- qalaqeni an mdabio xalxi SeTqmulebs winaaR-
vili. Seteva erTdroulad unda dawyebuliyo: mdegobas gauwevdnen, mamakacebi yvelani unda
1. cixeze, romlis xelSi Cagdeba evale- daexocaT, xolo qalebi ki SeepyraT da sas-
bodaT giorgi revazis Ze erisTavsa da levan tiki meTvalyureobis qveS hyolodaT.. daxo-
erisTavs.. maT gankargulebaSi 10 mebrZoli
erisTavs cilTa da dapatimrebulTa qonebaze droe-
iqneboda; biT yadaRa unda daedoT, gamarjvebis Semdeg
2. ruseTis jaris yazarmebze, romlis yadaRadadebuli qoneba xazinas gadaecemoda;
xelSi Cagdeba evalebodaT kapitan zaqaria 3. TbilisSi jaSuSebad unda hyolodaT
ColoyaSvilsa da gvardiis praporSCik dimi- sando adamianebi, romelTac jamagiris garda,
tri orbelians
orbelians.. maT gankargulebaSi iqneboda uxvad daajildoebdnen moRalateebis aRmoCe-
200 mebrZoli da 2 zarbazani; nisaTvis;
3. arsenalze; 4. strategiul punqtebze Setevis xelmZ-
4. saprovianto komisiaze; Rvanelebad daniSnulT, Tu mebrZolebis dam-
5. xazinaze; ateba dasWirdebodaT an sxva raime winaaRmde-
6. ordonans hausze (komendaturaze _ gobas waawydebodnen, dauyovnebliv unda ec-
v. g.), romlis xelSi Cagdeba evalebodaT ar- nobebinaT TaTris moedanze Sekrebil xelmZ-
tileriis praporSCik dimitri erisTavs, vax- RvanelebisaTvis, raTa daxmareba saswrafod
tang orbelians, beJan amilaxvars, poruCik mieRoT. strategiul punqtebze SetevisaTvis
giorgi TumaniSvils da ivane erisTavs.
erisTavs. maT gamoyofil xelmZRvanelebs unda hyolodaT
gankargulebaSi iyo 50 mebrZoli. saimedo xalxisagan SerCeuli or-ori mcveli.;
7. navTluRis komisiaze (sasursaTo 5. cixesa da hauptvaxtze unda dawesebu-
komisiaze _ v. g.), romlis xelSi Cagdeba eva- liyo mudmivi morigeoba;
lebodaT biZina erisTavs, iase erisTavs da 6. ajanyebis wina dRes Tbilisis mdabio
Teimuraz amilaxvars.
amilaxvars. maT gankargulebaSi iyo mosaxleobaSi unda gaevrcelebinaT xmebi,
20 mebrZoli. rom rusebi qarTvelebis jariskacebad gawve-
8. puris maRaziebSi 2-2 sando kaci unda vas apirebdnen, magram gawvevas sastikad ewi-
yofiliyo dayenebuli; naaRmdegebodnen qarTveli Tavadebi, romle-
9. Sesakreb adgilad daniSnuli iyo Ta- bic acxadebdnen, jarSi gawvevaze Tanxmobis
Tris moedani, sadac unda misuliyvnen Ta- micemas sikvdili gvirCevniao.SeTqmulebi
vadebi luarsab orbeliani
orbeliani,, Tavadaznaurobis varaudobdnen, rom es xmebi mosaxleobaSi
455
mRelvarebas gamoiwvevda; velos samoqalaqo gubernatori _ v. g.) Ta-

7. ajanyebis dawyebis wina dRes qarTve- vadi falavandovi (nikoloz falavandiSvili
li Tavadaznaurobis saxeliT luarsab orbe- _ v. g.) unda yofiliyvnen da aqedan yoveli
lianis saxlSi wveuleba unda gamarTuliyo, samxedro gankargulebani unda momxdariyo.
romelzec miipatiJebdnen: kavkasiis korpusis Semdeg kacni unda gagvegzavna, aleqsandre ba-
mTavarsardals, rus samxedro da samoqalaqo toniSvili unda mogveyvana, bodbelic (bod-
moxeleebs, wveulebaze iqnebodnen SeTqmule- beli mitropoliti ioane _ v. g.) Camogveyvana
bic. SeTqmulebi Cacmulebi unda yofili- amJamad da qalaqs gareT bodbeli Semosili
yvnen erovnul tansacmelSi, yvelas Tan unda da yoveli saqarTvelos berni da Rvdlebi
hqonoda xmali, Coxis qveS _ ori gatenili Semosilni unda gahgebebodnen karaxtinTan
dambaCa. luarsab orbelianis saxli imitom (Tbilisis sakarantino samsaxuris SenobasTan
SeirCa, rom igi qalaqis centrSi, TaTris _ v. g.) da amaSi mTeli saqarTvelos xalxi iq-
moedanze idga. idgan unda wamogveyvana da win ramdenime kaci
8. Ramis pirvel saaTze TaTris moedni- unda gamosuliyvnen da eZaxaT Tavisufleba,
dan SeTqmulebi maSxalebiT niSans miscemdnen iqidgan pirdapir sionSi unda Segveyvana,
Tu ara, unda dawyebuliyo rusi samxedroe- paraklisi iq gadaexadaT.“
bisa da moxeleebis Jleta. Tu vinme qarTvel-
Tagan SeTqmulebs winaaRmdegobas gauwevda,
isic rusebTan erTad unda moeklaT.
SeTqmulTa mier SemuSavebul ajanyebis §5. SeTqmulebis gacema, saqmis gamoZieba, sasa-
gegmas _ pirveli Ramis gankargulebas _ marTlo procesi da ganaCeni
garkveulwilad avsebs da azustebs aleqsan- 1. SeTqmulebis gacema. ajanyebisaT-
dre orbelianis mier sagamoZiebo komisiisad- vis mzadebis bolo etapze, sruliad mou-
mi micemuli Cveneba: lodnelad SeTqmulebis erT-erTi aqtiuri
„Cven gvsurda, esreT odesca aq aRreulo- wevri, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo gubernator
ba momxdariyo, maSin Tamar batoniSvili unda nikoloz falavandiSvilis Zma iase fala-
gamogveyvana da xalxisaTvis unda gveqadagna, vandiSvili 1832 wlis 9 dekembers, naSuadRe-
rom ai, Cveni memkvidre bagrationT qali, Tam- vis 5 saaTze, kavkasiis mTavarsardal grigori
ar,, romelnic yvelani amas unda morCilebdeT
ar rozenis moadgile general-maior dimitri
da rac gvibrZanos, unda aRvasruloT. amaSi volxovskisTan gamocxadda da SeTqmulebis
unda zarebis rekva mohyolodnen da sionis Sesaxeb acnoba. bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: ram
samrekloze sami kaci unda asuliyvnen da iqi- aiZula iase falavdiSvili gaeca SeTqmuleba?
dan unda eyvirnaT Tavisufleba da sixaruli sagamoZiebo komisiisaTvis micemul CvenebaSi
yovelsa ersa zeda! am dros unda kaci gagveg- iase falavandiSvili aRniSnavs: SeTqmule-
zavna da mTeli saqarTvelos xalxni aq unda baSi imitom vmonawileobdi, rom yvelaferi
Camosuliyvnen, Tavadni, aznaurni da qudze dawvrilebiT Semetyo da Semdeg mTavrobisaT-
yoveli kaci da rodesac Camosuliyvnen, ma- vis mecnobebinao. es mtknari sicruea. bevri
Sin unda vcdiliyaviT, rom rogorc iyos, SeTqmuli aseTi an msgavsi CvenebiT cdi-
polkebi gavawyoT regulisa (regularuli lobda, sasjelis Semsubuqebas. sainteresoa
jarisnairad _ v. g.)da rigi daedoT da ma- isic, rom iase falavandiSvilma 9 dekembers
Sin dainiSnon naCalnikebi da mxedvelobis vladimir volxovskis SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb
qveS gvyvandnen naCalnikebi. mxedarTmTavraT yvelaferi ar acnoba, mxolod anton afxazis
pirvelad Reneral-maiori Tavadi ivane afxa- saxlSi gamarTuli nadimis ambavs mouyva. iase
zovi ( afxazi _ v. g.), jer mkvdari ar iyo, mas falavandiSvilis qcevis asaxsnelad aucile-
ukan aleqsandre WavWavaZe
WavWavaZe,, mesamed vasili be- belia solomon dodaSvilis Cvenebis gaTval-
buTovi,, meoTxed Reneral-leitenanti giorgi
buTovi iswineba. 1832 wlis dekembris damdegis ambebs
erisTovi (erisTavi _ v. g.) da Reneral-maiori rom ixsenebs, igi aRniSnavs: „me gavigone iase
savarsamiZe (konstantine savarsamiZe _ v. g.). falavandiSvilis saxlSi aleqsandre orbeli-
sasamarTlo prezidentad pirveli muxranba- anma Tqva:“borCalos distanciaSi dauWeriaT
toni (konstantine muxranbatoni _ v. g.) unda TaTari, romelic Cem mier aleqsandre ba-
yofiliyo da amis TanaSemweni giorgi Wilaevi toniSvilTan iyo gagzavnili. Tu es marTalia,
( WilaSvili _ v. g.) da Rubernatori (saqarT- daviRupeT.“ solomon dodaSvilis am Cvenebis
456
vaxtang guruli
gamo sagamoZiebo komisiaSi kiTxva dausves da oTaxSi ganmartoebulebs ori saaTis gan-
aleqsandre orbelians,
orbelians, romelmac aseTi pa- mavlobaSi usaubriaT. savaraudoa, rom SeTq-
suxi gasca: radganac Cven amxanagTa Soris da- mulTa davalebiT aleqsandre WavWavaZem
maluli ara rai ara gvqonda ra, amisaTvis me nikoloz falavandiSvils SeTqmulebis ambavi
iase falavandiSvils dodaevTan vuTxari es- da ajanyebis gegmac gaando (nikoloz fala-
reT: Sixili alia movida da miTxra-meTqi, rom vandiSvili xom finansTa ministrad iyo na-
alia aRa eib oRlum miTxra, rom Sen batons varaudevi). nikoloz falavandiSvili SeSinda,
aleqsandres mola zamana gaugzavnia aleqsan- SeTqmulebaSi monawileoba ver gabeda, Zma,
dre batoniSvilTana“.
batoniSvilTana“. imaves adasturebs ale- iase, ki aiZula general volxovskisTan misu-
qsandre orbeliani meore CvenebaSic: Sixil liyo da SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb ganecxadebina.
alias aleqsandre orbelianisaTvis uTqvams, 2. SeTqmulTa saqmis gamoZieba. iase fa-
aleqsandre batoniSvilidan werili movidao. lavandiSvilma SeTqmuleba 1832 wlis 9 de-
zaqaria ColoyaSvili adasturebs, rom ale- kembers gasca. xelisuflebam maSinve daiwyo
qsandre orbelianis saxlSi man naxa mola za- sagangebo RonisZiebebis gatareba. 9-11 de-
mana da kidev erTi TaTari. aleqsandre or- kembers Catarda SeTqmulebaSi eWvmitanilTa
belianTan stumrobisas zaqaria ColoyaSvils pirveli dapatimrebebi. 1832 wlis 11 dekem-
Seutyvia, rom, gavrcelebuli xmebis mixed- bers kavkasiis mTavarsardalma general-adiu-
viT, TiTqos aleqsandre orbeliani borCa- tantma grigori rozenma mimarTva gaugzavna
loel TaTrebs aiaraRebda. zaqaria ColoyaS- saqarTvelos sanapiro batalionis ufross
vili ganagrZobs: `miambo yvelaferi es ale- general-maior ivan baikovs
baikovs.. kavkasiis mTa-
qsandrem da mTxova am SemTvevis gamo rCeva varsardali general baikovs avalebda, Sesd-
mimeca misTvis. da radgan aq sxvadasxva stum- gomoda SeTqmulTa saqmis umkacres gamoZie-
rebma mravlaT moiyares Tavi, amitom iase fa- bas. generali baikovi daniSnes sagamoZiebo
lavandiSvilTan gamiwvia. falavandiSvilTan komisiis Tavmjdomared, romlis wevrebi
misvlisTanave aleqsandrem imas uTxra, rom iyvnen: kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufrosis
masTan movida borCalos distanciis TaTari movaleobis Semsrulebeli general-maiori
da rom iq xmebi dadis imis Sesaxeb, rom is vladimir volxovski da kavkasiis mesangre-
(aleqsandre orbeliani _ v. g.) TaTrebs ai- Ta batalionis meTauri polkovniki danila
araRebs da gvTxova Cvenc rCeva.“ aleqsandre triteleviCi.. 11 dekembris Semdeg sagamoZie-
triteleviCi
orbelianTan borCaloeli TaTris gamocxade- bo komisiis SemadgenlobaSi moxda cvlileba,
basa da TaTrebis SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb adas- zemoT xsenebuli sami wevris garda, impera-
turebs misi Zma vaxtang orbelianic. tor nikolai I-is nebis Tanaxmad, grigori
aleqsandre orbelianis mier borCalo- rozenma komisiaSi Seiyvana: imperatoris ama-
eli TaTrebis SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb gavrcele- lis wevri general-maiori konstantin Cevkini
bul xmebs, Tu xelisuflebis yuramde miaR- da JandarmTa korpusis podpolkovniki iakov
wevda, rac savsebiT SesaZlebeli iyo, saTa- ozereckovski.. Tbilisis sagamoZiebo komisia-
ozereckovski
nado reaqcia mohyveboda, _ daiwyeboda Zie- Si daniSvnamde podpolkovniki ozereckovski
ba. gamoricxuli ar iyo, rom xelisuflebas im komisiis wevri iyo, romelic peterburgSi
SeTqmulebac aRmoeCina. swored amis gamo Seiqmna iq myof SeTqmulebis monawileTa da-
iyvnen SeSinebuli aleqsandre orbelianica kiTxvis mizniT. sagamoZiebo komisia ivan bai-
da iase falavandiSvilic. kovis TavmjdomareobiT muSaobas dauyovne-
aleqsandre orbeliani mogvianebiT bliv Seudga.
daweril mogonebebSi didi sayveduriT ix- 1832 wlis 14 dekembers kavkasiis mTa-
seniebs iase falavandiSvilis Zmas, saqarT- varsardalma grigori rozenma moxseneba
velos samoqalaqo gubernator nikoloz fa- gaugzavna ruseTis imperiis samxedro min-
lavandiSvils da orjer garkveviT wers, iman istr aleqsandr CerniSevs.
CerniSevs. kavkasiis mTa-
dagvRupao.. sagamoZiebo komisiis masalebiT
dagvRupao varsardalma samxedro ministrs acnoba, rom
nikoloz falavandiSvilis Ralatis faqti ar 1832 wlis 9 dekembers, daaxloebiT naSua-
dasturdeba. iase falavandiSvili erT Tavis dRevis 5 saaTze, kavkasiis korpusis Stabis
CvenebaSi aRniSnavs: 8 dekembers, e.i. mis mier ufrosis movaleobis Semsrulebel general-
SeTqmulebis dasmenis wina dRes, nikoloz fa- maior vladimir volxovskisTan gamocxadda
lavandiSvilTan misula aleqsandre WavWavaZe saqarTvelos samoqalaqo gubernatoris Zma
457
iase falavandiSvili da generals acnoba mohyveboda, mtacebeli mezoblebiT garSe-

im SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb, romlis mizani iyo mortymuli saqarTvelo didi saSiSroebis
„rusebis
rusebis gandevna saqarTvelodan“.
saqarTvelodan“. moxsenebis winaSe aRmoCndeboda; 3. imperatori savsebiT
dasawyisSive grigori rozeni aRniSnavs, rom iwonebda gadamwyveti RonisZiebebis gatare-
iase falavandiSvili „uzneo adamiani iyo, bas, raTa gamoumJRavnebeli ar darCeniliyo
romelsac 1825 wels dausmenia samegrelos SeTqmulebis arcerTi detali; 4. imperatori
mTavari general-leitenanti levan dadiani. aucileblad miiCnevda general-maior ale-
xelisuflebas dasmenis siyalbe daudgenia, qsandre WavWavaZis dapatimrebas, misi mimow-
grigori rozeni aRniSnavs, rom man maSinve eris gasinjvas da dapatimrebulis dakiTxvas.
miiRo Sesabamisi zomebi da Seudga dasme- aleqsandre WavWavaZis dakiTxvisas unda gamo-
naSi moyvanili faqtebis Semowmebas. rogorc eyenebinaT mis Sesaxeb iase falavandiSvilisa
zemoT aRvniSneT, dasmenis dros iase fala- da kapitan aleqsandre ColoyaSvilis mier
vandiSvilma general vladimir volxovskis micemuli Cvenebebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom es
mxolod 1832 wlis agvistoSi solomon do- Cvenebebi aleqsandre WavWavaZis SeTqmulebaSi
daSvilis saxlSi Sekrebil SeTqmulTa sau- monawileobis dasamtkiceblad ar gamodgebo-
bris Sinaarsi gadasca. grigori rozeni aRniS- da. imperatori yuradRebas amaxvilebda ima-
navs, rom 10 dekembers man TavisTan gamoiZaxa ze, rom, aleqsandre ColoyaSvilis Cvenebis
xsenebuli saubrus erT-erTi monawile pod- mixedviT, aleqsandre WavWavaZem SeTqmulebis
poruCiki anton afxazi da misTvis Cvenebis Sesaxeb icoda, magram xelisuflebas ar acno-
CamorTmevis brZaneba gasca. anton afxazis ba; 5. saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi myofi maRali
Cvenebidan gairkva, rom solomon dodaSvilis sazogadoebis zogierT wevrs, iseve, rogorc
saxlSi gamarTul vaxSamze marTlac yofila aleqsandre WavWavaZes, marTalia, SeTqmule-
borotganmzraxvelTa saubari. amis gamo ka- baSi monawileoba ar udasturdeboda, magram,
vkasiis mTavarsardals brZaneba gaucia da imperatoris azriT, isini mainc dapatimre-
1832 wlis 10-11 dekembers RamiT daupatimre- buli da dakiTxuli unda yofiliyvnen; 6.
biaT: anton afxazi da solomon dodaSvilTan miRebuli dasmenebis mixedviT, SeTqmulebis
vaxSamze myofi sxva pirebi, maT Soris, iase sulisCamdgmeli yofila moskovSi mcxovrebi
falavandiSvilic. Teimuraz amilaxvari da oqropir batoniSvili
batoniSvili,, masze Tvalyuris devne-
kidev ramdenime piri TbilisSi ar imyofebod- ba imperators moskovis samxedro gubernato-
nen, ris gamoc maTze Zebna gamocxadda. risaTvis ubrZanebia; 7. SeTqmulebis gamom-
grigori rozenis 1832 wlis 14 dekembris JRavnebis miuxedavad, imperatori Tvlida,
moxseneba iyo pirveli dokumenti, romliTac rom qarTveli Tavadaznauroba misi erTguli
ruseTis imperiis samxedro ministrma ale- iyo. imis dasadastureblad, rom imperatori
qsandr CerniSevma da, cxadia, imperatorma qarTvel Tavadaznaurobas endoboda, Tbilis-
nikolai I-ma SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb Seityves. 29 Si dagegmil qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadaznaurobis
dekembers CerniSevma rozens upasuxa. samx- yrilobaze imperatori moavlenda Tavisi ama-
edro ministri kavkasiis mTavarsardals ac- lis wevrs general-maior konstantin Cevkins
Cevkins,,
nobebda: 1. imperatorma qarTveli Tavadebi- romelic grigori rozens, imperatoris nebis
sa da aznaurebis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba Tanaxmad, TbilisSi Seqmnil sagamoZiebo komi-
mniSvnelovnad miiCnia ara misi mosalodne- siaSi unda Seeyvana.
li Sedegebis gamo (mas araviTari Sedegi ar 1833 wlis 29 ianvars general-maiorma
SeiZleba mohyoloda), aramed imis gamo, rom konstantin Cevkinma sityva warmoTqva Ta-
imperiis Soreul kuTxeSi gadatrialebisak- vadaznaurobis yrilobaze. generalma `sarw-
en miswrafebas hqonda adgili. imperatorma munoebiT moZme qarTvelebs“ mokled Seaxsena
aucileblad miiCnia saqmis gamoZieba: SeTq- ruseTis Rvawli, kerZod, saqarTvelos isto-
mulTa kavSirebis gamomJRavneba, samoqmedo riuli teritoriis iranisa da osmaleTis ba-
xerxebis dadgena da, rac mTavaria, am dana- tonobisagan gaTavisufleba. bolos konstan-
Saulebrivi qmedebis mizezebis gamorkveva; 2. tin Cevkinma ganacxada: kavkasiis mTavarsar-
imperatoris azriT, danaSaulebrivi qmedebis dalma imperatori daarwmuna imaSi, rom
mizezebis dadgena imitom iyo aucilebeli, SeTqmulebaSi qarTveli Tavadaznaurobis
rom SeTqmulebis warmatebis SemTxvevaSi, umniSvnelo nawili monawileobda. konstantin
rasac ruseTidan saqarTvelos Camocileba Cevkinma sityva ase daasrula: „mas Semdeg, rac
458
vaxtang guruli
sparseTTan ukanasknel omSi qarTvelebi gavi- vili. dakiTxvebi intensiurad grZeldeboda

cani, me isini Zmebad miviCnie.“ imperatoris momdevno xanebSi. Ziebis procesSi micemuli
amalis wevrma, sasaxlis intrigebSi kargad Cvenebebidan dadginda, rom SeTqmulebaSi 145
daxelovnebulma generalma, swrafad auRo kaci monawileobda. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
alRo Seqmnil viTarebas: SeTqmulebis saqmis sagamoZiebo komisiis mier es 145 kaci dana-
gamoZiebis dasrulebamde umjobesi iqneboda, Saulis simZimis mixedviT 10 Tanrigad gaiyo.
Tu qarTvelebs dauyvavebdnen. muqarisa da pirveli Tanrigi: `romlebmac Tavisi ST-
angariSsworebis dro jer ar damdgariyo. agonebiT dasabami misces borot ganzraxulo-
1832 wlis 11 dekembers, pirveli, Se- bas~. am rangis damnaSaved CaiTvalnen oqropir
darebiT mokle dasmenis Semdeg, sagamoZiebo da dimitri batoniSvilebi
batoniSvilebi.. batoniSvilebi:
komisias vrceli dasmena warudgina iase fa- Tamar iulonis asuli da Tekla erekles
lavandiSvilma. dasmenidan xelisuflebisaT- asuli aqtiur monawileobas Rebulobdnen
vis cnobili gaxda bevri adamiani, romelic SeTqmulebaSi da isini pirveli kategoriis
SeTqmulebaSi monawileobda an raime kavSiri damnaSaveebad unda CaTvliliyvnen. imis gamo,
hqonda SeTqmulebTan: Tavadi aleqsandre or- rom Tamar batoniSvili janmrTelobaSeryeu-
beliani,, maswavlebeli solomon dodaSvili,
beliani dodaSvili, li qali iyo, damnaSaveTa pirvel Tanrigs ar
Tavadi vaxtang orbeliani,
orbeliani, aznauri dimitri miakuTvnes da misi saqarTvelodan samudamo
yifiani,, aznauri zaal avTandilaSvili,
yifiani avTandilaSvili, Ta- gadasaxleba gadawyda. Tekla batoniSvili,
vadi Teimuraz amilaxvari,
amilaxvari, Tavadi luarsab romlis sami Svili aqtiur monawileobas iReb-
orbeliani,, Tavadi mamuka orbeliani, Tavadi
orbeliani da SeTqmulebaSi, aseve ar miakuTvnes pirvel
dimitri orbeliani,
orbeliani, Tavadi aslan orbeli- Tanrigs da masac saqarTvelodan samudamo
ani,, Tavadi aleqsandre giorgis Ze orbeli-
ani gadasaxleba miusajes.
ani,, Tavadi giorgi erisTavi,
ani erisTavi, Tavadi elizbar meore Tanrigi: `SeTqmulebis wamqezebel-
erisTavi,, Tavadi anton afxazi,
erisTavi afxazi, Tavadi Salva ni, romlebic xalxs aRagznebdnen SeTqmulebi-
erisTavi,, Tavadi biZina erisTavi,
erisTavi erisTavi, Tavadi ivane sa da TviT ajanyebisTvisac ki~. am jgufs
jorjaZe,, Tavadi Tadia ColoyaSvili,
jorjaZe ColoyaSvili, Ta- miakuTvnes: elizbar erisTavi, podporuCiki
vadi abel andronikaSvili
andronikaSvili,, Tavadi ninia an- aleqsandre vaxtangis Ze orbeliani, iase fala-
dronikaSvili,, Tavadi ivane andronikaSvili,
dronikaSvili andronikaSvili, vandiSvili, Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis
ramdenime Tavadi amilaxvrebis, maCablebis, maswavlebeli solomon dodaSvili.
TarxniSvilebis, javaxiSvilebis sagvareulo mesame Tanrigi: `vinc SeTqmulebaSi aq-
saxlebidan, mola zamana,
zamana, aznauri Teimuraz tiur monawileobas iRebda da ajanyebis mox-
lorTqifaniZe,, Tavadi konstantine ServaSiZe,
lorTqifaniZe ServaSiZe, denas eTanxmeboda~. aseTad iqna miCneuli:
mRvdeli tarasi
tarasi,, mRvdeli efrem aleqsiSvili
aleqsiSvili,, Tamar batoniSvili, artileriis praporSCiki
Tavadi aleqsandre WavWavaZe,
WavWavaZe, giorgi(iagor) dimitri erisTavi, maiori luarsab orbeli-
WilaSvili,, Tavadi konstantine muxranbatoni,
WilaSvili muxranbatoni, ani, maiori vaxtang orbeliani, korneti giorgi
Tavadi aleqsandre ColoyaSvili,
ColoyaSvili, Tavadi za- revazis Ze erisTavi, aleqsandre batoniSvili,
qaria ColoyaSvili,
ColoyaSvili, Tavadi beJan amilaxvari, mola zamana, mola mehmedi.
oqropir batoniSvili da sxvebi. meoTxe Tanrigi: `ganzraxulis
iase falavandiSvilis dasmenis miRebis (SeTqmulebis _ v. g.) Tanaxma iyvnen, magram
Semdeg 1832 wlis 11 dekembers, dilis 8 saa- masSi aqtiuri monawileoba ar miuRiaT, an
Tze, general-maior ivan baikovis Tavmj- iRebdnen monawileobas SeTqmulebaSi rome-
domareobiT muSaobas Seudga kavkasiis mTa- lime wels, ajanyebis mowyobis ganzraxva ki
varsardal grigori rozenis brZanebiT Seqm- mxolod nawilobriv icodnen. am jgufs mia-
nili sagamoZiebo komisia. sxdomis muSaobaSi kuTvnes: poruCiki mamuka orbeliani
orbeliani,, titu-
monawileobdnen: vladimir volxovski, danila lovani mrCeveli dimitri pauSenko
pauSenko,, Tadari-
tretileviCi. komisiis sxdoma naSuadRevis gis poruCiki aleqsandre giorgis Ze orbeli-
6 saaTamde gagrZelda. sxdomaze wakiTxuli ani,, solomon razmaZe
ani razmaZe,, praporSCiki giorgi
iqna iase falavandiSvilis dasmena da 10 de- daviTis Ze erisTavi,
erisTavi, maswavlebeli stefane
kembers RamiT general baikovisa da general avTandilaSvili,, maswavlebeli dimitri yifi-
avTandilaSvili
volxovskis mier anton afxazisaTvis CamorT- ani,, samsaxuridan gasuli praporSCiki biZina
ani
meuli Cveneba. sagamoZiebo komisiis pirvel- erisTavi,, gadamdgari podporuCiki dimitri
erisTavi
save sxdomaze dakiTxes solomon dodaS- orbeliani,, Tekla batoniSvili,
orbeliani batoniSvili, mTavardiako-
459
ni filadelfos kiknaZe. sagamoZiebo komisiis uris gareSe myofi podporuCiki aleqsandre

azriT, am Tormet kacs SeTqmulebaSi aqtiuri ColoyaSvili, ivane baraTaSvili, mRvdeli
monawileoba ar miuRia, rac sinamdviles ar efrem aleqsiSvili, dimitri maRalaSvili,
Seefereba. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT, ivane maCabeli, stefane dodaSvili. meaTe Tan-
rogor SeiZleba mTavardiakoni filadelfos rigSi moxseniebulia agreTve cnobili frangi
kiknaZe miCneul iqnas pasiur SeTqmulad... mecnieri mari brose.
mexuTe Tanrigi: `vinc ganzraxuls sagamoZiebo komisiis muSaobis procesSi
(SeTqmulebas _v. g.) eTanxmeboda da sxva ara- 1833 wlis 9 Tebervals kavkasiis mTavarsar-
viTari monawileoba ar miuRia~. amgvar dam- dalma grigori rozenma Sualeduri anga-
naSaved iqna miCneuli: kancelariis moxele riSi warudgina samxedro ministr aleqsandr
(mTargmneli) ioseb mamacaSvili, Tadarigis CerniSevs. sagamoZiebo komisiam muSaoba 1833
podporuCiki ivane erisTavi,
erisTavi, praporSCiki le- wlis seqtemberSi daasrula da 28 seqtembers
van erisTavi,
erisTavi, borCaloeli TaTari yadim naR- saboloo angariSiT warsdga grigori roze-
dai oRli, Cildireli TaTari qosa-mustafa
qosa-mustafa,, nis winaSe. angariSSi, SeTqmulTa Cvenebebisa
Teimuraz lorTqifaniZe. da sxva dokumentebis safuZvelze warmodge-
meeqvse Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: ` vinc icoda SeTqmulebis nilia SeTqmulebis istoria misi Casaxvidan
ambavi da romelzedac didi eWvis mitana 1832 wlis dekembramde. sagamoZiebo komisiis
SeiZleba, rom mas kidec eTanxmeboda~. am angariSis safuZvelze 1833 wlis 2 oqtomb-
jgufSi Sevidnen: podporuCiki anton afxazi,afxazi, ers grigori rozenma moxseneba gaugzavna
praporSCiki daviT jorjaZe
jorjaZe,, praporSCiki ga- samxedro ministr aleqsandr CerniSevs. saga-
briel mamacaSvili,
mamacaSvili, kapitani zaqaria ColoyaS- moZiebo komisiis mier dakiTxuli pirebi am
vili,, seminarieli grigol taliaSvili
vili taliaSvili,, so- moxsenebaSic aT Tanrigad arian dayofili.
mexi zaal yorRanovi,
yorRanovi, borCaloeli TaTari moxsenebis daskvniT nawilSi vkiTxulobT: `Tu
veli ali emin oRli.
oRli. misi imperatorobiTi udidebulesoba keTil-
meSvide Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: `vinc icoda SeTqmule- sasurvelad miiCnevs CamoTvlil pirTagan zo-
ba, magram ar eTanxmeboda~. aseTad iqnen miC- gierTis sasamarTloSi micemas, umorCilesad
neulni: general-maiori aleqsandre WavWavaZe,
WavWavaZe, gTxovT, momaniWoT sasamarTlos formisa da
poruCiki grigol orbeliani.
orbeliani Semadgenlobis gansazRvris ufleba.~
merve Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: `viszedac SeiZleba eWvis 1833 wlis 1 noembers aleqsandre Cerni-
mitana, rom man ar icoda SeTqmulebis ambavi, Sevma upasuxa grigori rozens. samxedro
an mas TanaugrZnobda~. am jgufSi Sevidnen: ministri werda: `xelmwife imperatorma,
praporSCiki konstantine ServaSiZe,
ServaSiZe, hasan bei waikiTxa ra aRniSnuli qaRaldebi da miaqcia
ServaSiZe, Tamar ServaSiZe
ServaSiZe,, Tbilisis yofili ra yuradReba pirvel rva jgufSi dasaxele-
samxedro gubernatori piotr zavileiski,
zavileiski, buli TiToeuli braldebulis danaSaulis
safrangeTis sakonsulos mdivani letelie
letelie. sxvadasxva xarisxs, keTil ineba eRiarebina,
mecxre Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: `viszedac SeiZleba rom Tanaxmad sagamoZiebo komisiisa da Tqveni
monawileobaSi da borotganzraxul saubarSi aRmatebulebis daskvnisa, pirvel damnaSaved
eWvis mitana~. am Tanrigs miakuTvnes 31 kaci, da borotganzraxulobis dasabamis mimcemad,
maT Soris: poruCiki daviT naTaliSvili,
naTaliSvili, svi- eWvgareSea, unda miCneul iqnan: batoniSvili
mon maCabeli, barZim amilaxvari, ivane amilax- oqropir da Tavadi dimitri (dimitri iulo-
vari,, samsaxuris gareSe myofi praporSCiki
vari nis Ze bagrations ruseTis xelisufleba ba-
Teimuraz amilaxvari,
amilaxvari, Tbilisis feriscva- toniSvilad ar miiCnevda da yvela oficial-
lebis monastris mRvdelmonazoni tarasi, tarasi, ur dokumentSi igi Tavadis wodebiT aris
Tavadis qali salome farnaozis asuli,asuli, me-14 moxseniebuli _ v. g.), romelTac Tumca ar
klasis moxele Tadia ColoyaSvili
ColoyaSvili,, titulo- uRiarebiaT maTTvis wayenebuli braldebani,
vani mrCeveli birTvel TumaniSvili, givi ami- magram isini axalgazrda qarTvelebisaTvis
laxvari,, samsaxuris gareSe myofi praporSCi-
laxvari arakeTilganzraxviTi rCevebiTa da STagone-
ki luarsab TarxniSvili, kolegiis mrCeveli bebiT, raTa maT SeedginaT saidumlo sazoga-
andrei melnikovi.
melnikovi doebani im mizniT, rom mieRwiaT saqarTvelos
meaTe Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: ìs pirni, romlebzedac damoukideblobisaTvis, aSkarad arian mxile-
araviTari eWvis mitana ar SeiZleba~. am Tan- buli SeTqmulTa mravali CvenebiT.~ aleqsan-
rigs 47 kaci miakuTvnes, maT Soris: samsax- dr CerniSevi werda, rom imperatorma gaiz-
460
vaxtang guruli
iara grigori rozenis mosazreba damnaSaveTa praporSCiki T. giorgi erisTavi axalgazrdo-

kategoriebad dayofis Sesaxeb da amasTan da- bisa da gulwrfeli aRiarebis gamo gaigza-
kavSirebiT gamosca brZaneba: vnos samsaxurad I qveiTi korpusis erT-erT
`1) oqropir batoniSvili da Tavadi dimi- polkSi; samsaxuris gareSe myofi praporSCiki
tri,, romlebic, kanonis mixedviT, Rirsni
tri biZina erisTavi monaniebisa da alalmarTlo-
arian sastiki sasjelisa, mxolod da mxolod bis gamo Casmuli iqnas cixeSi rva Tvis ganmav-
monarqis mier maTi Sewyalebis gamo, gaigza- lobaSi da patimrobidan gaTavisuflebis Sem-
vnon: pirveli kostromaSi, ukanaskneli ki deg dauwesdes mkacri meTvalyureoba; Tbili-
smolenskSi. sis gimnaziis maswavleblebi avTandilaSvili
2) monawileTa Soris yvelaze ufro dam- (zaal avTandilaSvili _ v. g.) da yifiani
naSaveTagani: artileriis yofili podporu- (dimitri yifiani _ v. g.) maTi axalgazrdobisa
Ciki T. elizbar erisTavi,
erisTavi, yofili podporu- da danaSaulis aRiarebis gamo daniSnul iqnan
Ciki T. aleqsandre orbeliani,
orbeliani, Tbilisis gim- Tanamdebobebze samoqalaqo nawilSi: pirveli
naziis maswavlebeli solomon dodaSvili
dodaSvili,, permSi, ukanaskneli ki vologdaSi, adgilo-
kavkasiis grenaderTa saartilerio brigadis brivi sagubernio mmarTvelobis gankargule-
praporSCiki T. dimitri erisTavi
erisTavi,, kavaleriis biT; gvardiis gadamdgari podporuCiki T.
maiori T. luarsab orbeliani,
orbeliani, T. vaxtang or- dimitri orbeliani danaSaulis nebayoflo-
beliani, borCalos distanciis TaTris mola biT, dakiTxvamde aRiarebis gamo gadasaxle-
zamana,, leibgvardiis kazakTa polkis poruCi-
zamana bul iqnas penzaSi; kancelariis moxele ioseb
ki T. mamuka orbeliani, titulovani mrCeveli mamacaSvili axalgazrdobisa da gulaxdilad
pauSenko,, yofili poruCiki T. aleqsandre
pauSenko aRiarebis gamo gaigzavnos q. viatkaSi da dain-
giorgis Ze orbeliani,
orbeliani, aznaurobis maZiebeli iSnos samoqalaqo samsaxurSi iqauri saguber-
solomon razmaZe da yofili podporuCiki T. nio mmarTvelobis gankargulebiT; samsaxuris
ivane erisTavi,
erisTavi, Tanaxmad Tqveni mosazrebisa, gareSe myofi T. levan erisTavi Casmuli iq-
micemul iqnan Cveulebriv samxedro sasamarT- nas cixeSi eqvsi TviT da Semdeg darCes saqa-
loSi, sasamarTlo Sedgenil iqnas keTilsaim- rTveloSi policiis meTvalyureobis qveS;
edo samxedro moxeleTagan da mieces agreTve borCalos distanciis TaTari yadim naRdai
amave sasamarTloSi leibgvardiis semionovis oRli gaigzavnos jariskacad; Cildiris olq-
polkis kapitani T. zaqaria ColoyaSvili.
ColoyaSvili. gais TaTari qosa mustafa gamoyenebul iqnas
naCeni maT Sesaxeb sasamarTlos dasrulebis cixis samuSaoze imden xans, ramdensac Tqveni
Semdeg wardgenil iqnas Semdgomi ganxilvi- maRalaRmatebuleba sakmarisad dainaxavs da
saTvis mzgavs saqmeze dadgenili wesis Tanax- Semdeg gagzavnil iqnas Tavis samSobloSi;
mad. imereli Teimuraz lorTqifaniZe gaigzavnos
3) samsaxuridan gadayenebuli kole- CasaxlebaSi cimbirSi; gadamdgari podporu-
giis registratori T. iase falavandiSvili Ciki anton afxazi gaigzavnos samsaxurad ka-
mis mier SeTqmulebis gacemis pativsacemad vkasiis xazze ganlagebul polkSi; seminari-
ar iqnas micemuli samarTalSi, aznaurobac eli grigol taliaSvili gaigzavnos ruseTis
(unda iyos Tavadobac _ v. g.) nu CamoerTme- romelime guberniis samoqalaqo samsaxurSi
va da dainiSnos unteroficrad fineTSi md- saqarTveloSi Camosvlis uflebis akrZalviT;
gom jaris erT-erT razmSi; T. Tamar iulo- Tbilisis egerTa polkis paraporSCikebi T.
nis asuli (Tamar
(Tamar iulonis asul bagrations, daviT jorjaZe da gabriel mamacaSvili gaday-
iseve, rogorc mis Zmas dimitri iulonis Ze vanili iqnan: pirveli qveiTTa me-5 korpusSi,
bagrations ruseTis xelisufleba batoniS- ukanaskneli _ qveiTTa me-6 korpusSi. Tbili-
vilad ar cnobda da oficialur dokumenteb- sis mcxovrebi somexi zaal yorRanovi gaig-
Si Tavadad ixseniebda _ v. g.) gadasaxlebul zavnos rigiT jariskacad me-19 qveiTi divi-
iqnas q. simbirskSi; kavaleriis praporSCiki ziis erT-erT polkSi; borCalos distanciis
T. giorgi erisTavi misi axalgazrdobisa da TaTari veli ali emin oRli gaigzavnos Casa-
gulwrfeli aRiarebis gamo, gaTavisufle- xlebaSi saratovis guberniaSi; batoniSvili
bul iqnas sasamarTlo pasuxismgeblobisagan Tekla erekles asuli samudamod gaZevebuli
da dainiSnos samsaxurad arxangelskis erT- iqnas saqarTvelodan da gaigzavnos q. kalu-
erT sagarnizono batalionSi, saqarTveloSi gaSi; qarTvel grenaderTa polkis poruCiki
Camosvlis uflebis aRkveTiT; kavaleriis grigol orbeliani gadayvanil iqnas qveiTTa I
461
korpusis erT-erT polkSi da ramdenime wliT brunebT ra Tqvens mier CemTvis gamogzavnil
aekrZalos saqarTveloSi Camosvla; kavale- amonawerebs im pirTa Sesaxeb, romelnic samx-
riis general-maiori T. aleqsandre WavWavaZe edro sasamarTloSi unda miecnen da agreTve
sacxovreblad gaigzavnos q. tambovSi; niJni gamoZiebis warmoebis dednebs imav rigze, ro-
novgorodis dragunTa polkis praporSCiki gorc Tqvengan iyo mowodebuli; maqvs pativi
T. konstantine ServaSiZe gadayvanil iqnas vi- daurTo, rom monarqis es gankarguleba Cem-
utenbergis husarTa samefo polkSi da mas ar gan ecnoba agreTve Sinagan saqmeTa ministrsa
mieces saqarTvelos uzenaes xelisuflebas- da JandarmTa Sefs _ general-adiutant graf
Tan SeTanxmebis gareSe kavkasiaSi dabrunebis benkendorfs~.
benkendorfs ~.
ufleba, xolo mis dedas, Tavadis qal Tamar miiRo Tu ara samxedro ministris 1833
ServaSiZes, mis mier gamoCenil keTilganz- wlis 1 noembris werili, grigori rozenma
raxulobis sapativcemulod jamagiris garda mimarTva gaugzavna kavkasiis korpusis gen-
daeniSnos yovelwliuri sarCo 1.500 maneTis eral-maior dimitri axlestiSevs.
axlestiSevs. mimarTvaSi
asignaciebiT. vkiTxulobT:
4) general-feldmarSal Tavad varSavski- „xelmwife imperatorma ineba uzenaes-
sa da graf paskeviC-erevanskis saxelobis qve- ad ebrZanebina: qarTvelTa Soris aRmoCenil
iTi polkis poruCiki daviT naTaliSvili
naTaliSvili,, azn- SeTqmulebis monawileTagan yvelaze metad
auri svimon maCabeli
maCabeli,, barZim da ivane amilax- damnaSaveni: yofili artileriis podporuCiki
vrebi,, samsaxuris gareSe myofi praporSCiki
vrebi T. elizbar erisTavi,
erisTavi, podporuCiki T. aleqsan-
Teimuraz amilaxvari,
amilaxvari Tbilisis feriscva- dre orbeliani,
orbeliani, Tbilisis gimnaziis maswav-
lebis monastris mRvdelmonazoni tarasi tarasi,, lebeli solomon dodaSvili,
dodaSvili, kavkasiis gre-
Tavadis qali salome farnaozis asuli (far- naderTa saartilerio brigadis praporSCiki
navaz batoniSvilis qaliSvili _ v. g.), qvrivi dimitri erisTavi,
erisTavi, kavaleriis general-miori
Tavadis qali manana orbeliani, me-14 klasis T. luarsab orbeliani,
orbeliani, T. vaxtang orbeliani,
orbeliani,
moxele T. Tadia ColoyaSvili,
ColoyaSvili, titulovani borCalos distanciis TaTris mola zamana,zamana,
mrCeveli T. birTvel TumaniSvili, memamule leibgvardiis kazakTa polkis poruCiki mamu-
T. givi amilaxvari
amilaxvari,, samsaxuris gareSe myofi ka orbeliani,
orbeliani, titulovani mrCeveli dimitri
praporSCiki T. zaqaria ciciSvili,
ciciSvili, memamule pauSenko,, gadamdgari poruCiki T. aleqsandre
pauSenko
T. luarsab TarxniSvili da kolegiis mrCev- giorgis Ze orbeliani,
orbeliani, aznaurobis maZiebeli
eli andria melnikovi daeqvemdebaron mkacr solomon razmaZe da gadamdgari poruCiki T.
zedamxedvelobas. ivane erisTavi gadaeces Cveulebriv samxedro
5. gadamdgari podporuCiki T. aleqsan- sasamarTlos, romelic unda Sedges keTil-
dre ColoyaSvili,
ColoyaSvili, memamule T. ivane baraTaS- saimedo samxedro moxeleTagan. gasamarTle-
vili,, Tbilisis ierusalimis eklesiis mRvde-
vili buli iqnes agreTve leibgvardiis semionovis
li efrem aleqsiSvili, qvrivi marTa aleqsi- polkis kapitani T. zaqaria ColoyaSvili“.
ColoyaSvili“.
mesxiSvili,, T. dimitri maRalaSvili,
mesxiSvili maRalaSvili, memam- 3. sasamarTlo procesi da ganaCeni. imper-
ule T. ivane maCabeli
maCabeli,, kancelariis moxele atoris brZanebis Sesrulebis mizniT grigori
T. stefane dodaSvili,
dodaSvili, me-14 klasis moxele rozens zomebi miuRia, ris Sesaxebac acnobeb-
T. ivane erisTavi da gadamdgari namdvili sax- da general dimitri axlestiSevs:
elmwifo mrCeveli piotr zavileiski darCes „misi imperatorobiTi udidebulesobis
faruli meTvalyureobis qveS. uzenaesi nebis Sesasruleblad, romelic mec-
danarCeni 78 piri, romlebic moxsenieb- noba b-n samxedro ministris ama Tvis 1-li
ulni arian me-9 da me-10 TanrigSi, romelTa- ricxvis (1833 wlis 1 noembris _ v. g.) #1213
gan zogni Tqveni maRalaRmatebulebis azriT momarTviT, davniSne aq, TbilisSi, samxedro
SeTqmulebis uSualo monawileni ar arian da sasamarTlo komisia Tqveni aRmatebulebis
mxolod brali edebaT SesaZlo arakeTilgan- TavmjdomareobiT, romelSiac asesorebad
zraxuli saubrebis mosmenaSi, sxvebze ki ara- iqnebian: kavaleriis podpolkovniki berensi
berensi,,
viTari eWvis mitana ar SeiZleba, am saqmisagan armiis podpolkovniki iuferovi, me-12 qar-
gaTavisuflebulni iqnen. Tuli sanapiro batalionis ufrosi armiis
vauwyeb ra Tqvens maRalaRmatebule- podpolkovniki gurski, JandarmTa korpusis
bas am gankargulebas, raTa moaxdinoT saTa- maiori kazasi, egerTa 41-e polkis maiori ro-
nado gankarguleba mis Sesasruleblad; gi- zanulovi da kavkasiis calke korpusis Sta-
462
vaxtang guruli
bis ufrosis adiutanti gvardiis kapitani sasamarTlos winaSe unda wardgnen, yovelive
vsevoloJski,, xolo saqmeTa sawarmoeblad
vsevoloJski amis gamo SesaZleblad mimaCnia, neba daerTos
_ Cemdami rwmunebuli korpusis (kavkasiis Tekla batoniSvils Tavis vaJ dimitrisTan
calke korpusis _ v. g.) me-10 klasis ober- erTad iyos maTTvis sacxovreblad gankuT-
auditori kuzmini
kuzmini“.
“. kavkasiis mTavarsardali vnil romelime qalaqSi (kalugaSi an penzaSi
sagangebod afrTxilebda general dimitri _ v. g.). Tu batoniSvil Teklasa da misi vaJis,
axlestiSevs: „dasrulebis Semdeg saqme da dimitris, erTad cxovreba mizanSewonilad
daskvniTi sentencia me warmomidgineT gansax- ar iqneboda miCneuli, maSin grigori roze-
ilvelad. am saqmis sxva monawileTa Sesaxeb ni TeklasaTvis xazinidan damatebiTi Tanxis
Tqven nuraviTar saqmis garCevas nu SeudgebiT gamoyofas iTxovda.
da nuraviTar daskvnas nu gamoitanT, radgan 1833 wlis 30 noembers kavkasiis mTa-
maTi bedi uzenaesad ukve gadawyvetilia“. varsardali peterburgSi saidumlo mrCevel
grigori rozeni samxedro sasamarTlos komi- bludovs acnobebda: 1833 wlis 21 noembers
siis Tavmjdomares acnobebda, rom mas egza- JandarmTa korpusis podporuCik grinfeldis
vneboda gamoZiebis masalebi 5.381 furclze, TanxlebiT oqropir batoniSvili kostro-
aseve saqmesTan dakavSirebuli 13 amonaweri. maSi gaemgzavra; Teimuraz lorTqifaniZisa,
lorTqifaniZisa,
aseve acnobebda, rom SeTqmulebis saqmeze romelsac cimbirSi Casaxleba aqvs misjili
dapatimrebulebi imyofebodnen TbilisSi, ka- da borCaloeli TaTris veli ali emin oRlis
vkasiis korpusis ober-vagenmaisteris kapitan Sesaxeb, romelsac saratovis guberniaSi Casa-
iakuboviCis uwyebaSi, Tarjimnoba, Tu amis xleba aqvs misjili, miweriloba ukve gaegzavna
saWiroeba iqneboda, nabrZanebi hqonda maior Tbilisis komendants da isini badragis Tanx-
enokolopovs“.
enokolopovs “. lebiT gaigzavnebian Tbilisidan; seminarieli
samxedro ministr aleqsandr CerniSe- grigol taliaSvili male gaigzavneba fskovis
vis 1833 wlis 1 noembris werilis pasuxad guberniaSi, sadac dainiSneba samoqalaqo sam-
kavkasiis mTavarsardalma grigori rozenma saxurSi. 1834 wlis 16 ianvars grigori roze-
1833 wlis 18 noembers moxseneba gaugzavna ni aleqsandr CerniSevs acnobebda, rom yo-
samxedro ministrs. kavkasiis mTavarsardali fili maswavlebeli zaal avTandilaSvili da
werda, rom Seudga SeTqmulebis monawileTa kancelariis moxele ioseb mamacaSvili 1832
gasamarTlebis mizniT samxedro sasamarTlos wlis 26 dekembers gaigzavnen: pirveli _ qalaq
Seqmnas, romlis wevrebad dainiSnebian sando permSi, meore _ qalaq viatkaSi. oriveni samo-
samxedro pirebi, xolo Tavmjdomared _ gen- qalaqo samsaxurSi dainiSnebodnen; 1833 wlis
eral-maiori dimitri axlestiSevi kavkasiis 5 ianvars Tavadi konstantine ServaSiZe gaig-
korpusidan. grigori rozeni samxedro minis- zavna qalaq tverSi msubuqi kavaleriis me-7
trs aseve acnobebda, rom ruseTSi sasjelis diviziaSi; 1833 wlis 9 ianvars Tavadi giorgi
mosaxdelad SeTqmulebis monawileni gaig- erisTavi _ qalaq vilnoSi (vilniusSi) qveiTTa
zavnebian nawil-nawil, raTa gagzavnis pro- mesame diviziaSi; xolo dimitri orbeliani _
cesSi ar warmoiqmnas garTulebebi, garda qalaq kalugaSi, kalugaSi cxovrebis ufleba
amisa, ruseTSi gasagzavnTa nawili TbilisSi mieca Tekla batoniSvilsac.
sasamarTloSi unda warsdges. kavkasiis mTa- 1834 wlis 10 Tebervals samxedro sa-
varsardali werda: SeTqmulebis gamJRavnebis samarTlos komisiam general-maior dimitri
dros TbilisSi myofi oqropir batoniSvili,
batoniSvili, axlestiSevis TavmjdomareobiT 1832 wlis
rogorc erT-erTi mTavari braldebuli, Jan- SeTqmulebis saqmeze 13 braldebulis mimarT
darmTa korpusis podporuCik grinfeldis gamoitana ganaCeni. ganaCeni Seexo: elizbar
TanxlebiT qalaq kostromaSi igzavneboda; ba- erisTavs, aleqsandre orbelians, solomon do-
toniSvili Tekla iraklis asuli igzavneboda daSvils, dimitri erisTavs, vaxtang orbeli-
qalaq kalugaSi, xolo misi Svili, gvardiis ans, luarsab orbelians, aleqsandre giorgis
gadamdgari podporuCiki Tavadi dimitri Ze orbelians, zaqaria ColoyaSvils, solomon
orbeliani _ qalaq penzaSi. grigori rozeni razmaZes, dimitri pauSenkos, mamuka orbe-
samxedro ministrs sTxovda: batoniSvili lians, ivane erisTavs, mola zamanas.
zamanas. ganaCens
Tekla ukve xandazmulia, mZime mdgomareoba- xels awerdnen: gvardiis kapitani vsevolo-
Sia imis gamo, rom dimitris garda kidev misi Jski,, maiori rozanulovi, podpolkovniki ka-
Jski
ori Svili (aleqsandre da vaxtangi _ v. g.) zasi, podpolkovniki gurski, podpolkovniki
463
berensi, generali axlestiSevi da auditori Tavadi dimitri erisTavi imave samxedro wo-
kuzmini. debiT unda daniSnuliyo ruseTis Sida gu-
1834 wlis 28 Tebervals ruseTis impe- berniaSi ganlagebul erT-erT saartilerio
riis samxedro ministr aleqsandr CerniSevs brigadaSi, 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, an samsax-
kavkasiis mTavarsardalma grigori rozenma urSi gmirobis Cadenamde unda akrZalvoda
acnoba Tavisi azri TbilisSi samxedro sa- samsaxureobrivi dawinaureba, 15 wlis Semdeg
samarTlos komisiis mier gasamarTlebul saqarTvelos mmarTvelobis Tanxmobis SemTx-
SeTqmulTa sasjelis Sesaxeb. grigori roze- vevaSi miecemoda saqarTveloSi dabrunebis
ni aRniSnavs, rom sasamarTlos gadawyvetile- ufleba.
biT, SeTqmulebis monawileni daiyvnen Semdeg mesame Tanrigis damnaSave mola zamana
Tanrigebad: unda gagzavniliyo sakatorRo samuSaoze 6
pirveli Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: podporuCiki Tavadi wlis vadiT, am vadis amowurvis Semdeg Cae-
elizbar erisTavi,
erisTavi, saqarTvelos uzenaesi saxlebinaT cimbirSive; Tavadi vaxtang orbe-
mTavrobis aRmasrulebeli eqspediciis yo- liani ZmasTan, dimitrisTan da dedasTan, Tek-
fili mrCeveli podporuCiki Tavadi aleqsan- la batoniSvilTan erTad unda gagzavniliyo
dre orbeliani,
orbeliani, maswavlebeli solomon do- qalaq kalugaSi da neba darTvoda, saerTo
daSvili;
daSvili sawyisebze Sesuliyo samxedro an samoqalaqo
meore Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: praporSCiki Tavadi dimi- samsaxurSi, 12 wlis Semdeg SeeZlo saqarT-
tri erisTavi. veloSi dabruneba; kavaleriis maiori Ta-
mesame Tanrigi:
Tanrigi: borCalos distanciis Ta- vadi luarsab orbeliani sacxovreblad unda
Tari mola zamana, Tavadi vaxtang orbeliani,
orbeliani, darCeniliyo saqarTveloSi, radgan, rogorc
maiori luarsab orbeliani, solomon razmaZe,
razmaZe, susti xasiaTisa da nebisyofis adamiani, igi
romelic Tavs aznaurs uwodebs, magram dama- veraviTar safrTxes ver Seuqmnida xelisu-
mtkicebeli sabuTebi ver warmoadgina. flebas.
meoTxe Tanrigi: gadamdgari poruCiki Ta- meoTxe Tanrigis damnaSave gadamdgari
vadi aleqsandre giorgis Ze orbeliani,
orbeliani, kapi- poruCiki Tavadi aleqsandre giorgis Ze or-
tani Tavadi zaqaria ColoyaSvili.
ColoyaSvili beliani poruCikis CiniT unda gaegzavnaT
mexuTe Tanrigi: titulovani mrCeveli qveiTTa erT-erT polkSi, sadac 5 wlis gan-
dimitri pauSenko,
pauSenko, gvardiis gadamdgari pod- mavlobaSi ver miiRebda morig samxedro wo-
poruCiki Tavadi dimitri orbeliani, Tavadi debas, saqarTveloSi dabrunebis ufleba
ivane erisTavi. eqneboda mxolod saqarTvelos mmarTvelo-
pirveli Tanrigis damnaSaveebidan eliz- bis winaswari Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi; kapitani
bar erisTavi unda gagzavniliyo fineTSi gan- Tavadi zaqaria ColoyaSvili unda gagza-
lagebul qveiTTa erT-erT polkSi rigiTad vniliyo qveiTTa erT-erT polkSi, saidanac
da warCinebuli samsaxuris SemTxvevaSi saqa- saqarTveloSi dabrunebis ufleba miecemoda
rTveloSi dabrunebis ufleba miecemoda; 15 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelos mmarTvelobis
aleqsandre orbeliani unda gagzavniliyo TanxmobiT.
orenburgis erT-erT saxazo batalionSi, zemoT moxseniebulma oTxive Tanrigis
12 wlis ganmavlobaSi aekrZaleboda Sveb- damnaSaveebma wayenebuli braldeba aRiares,
ulebis aReba an samsaxuridan gadadgoma. ga- magram pasuxisgebaSi micemulTa nawilma Tavi
dasaxlebis vadis amowurvis Semdeg saqarT- damnaSaved ar cno, isini acxadebdnen, rom
velos mmarTvelobis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi arc SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb icodnen da arc
ufleba eqneboda samSobloSi dabrunebuli- monawileoba miuRiaT masSi. grigori rozenma
yo; solomon dodaSvilisaTvis, imis gamo, rom aseTTa Soris daasaxela:
daqorwinebuli iyo rusis qalze, dawesda Se- 1. titulovani mrCeveli dimitri pauSen-
darebiT msubuqi sasjeli: ruseTis erT-erT ko (sasjelis zoma: ruseTSi gadasaxleba
guberniaSi gadasaxleba, sadac kancelariis samoqalaqo samsaxurSi Sesvlis uflebiT da
dabali rangis moxeled unda emsaxura, xolo faruli zedamxedvelobis dawesebiT);
samSobloSi dabrunebis ufleba 10 wlis Sem- 2. Stabis rotmistri Tavadi mamuka or-
deg miecemoda. beliani (sasjelis zoma: ruseTSi gagzavna
meore Tanrigis damnaSave kavkasiis gre- ulanTa erT-erT polkSi imave samxedro wo-
naderTa saartilerio brigadis praporSCiki debiT samsaxuris uflebiT, faruli meTvaly-
464
vaxtang guruli
ureobis dawesebiT, saqarTvelos mmarTvelo- baSi;

bis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi saqarTveloSi dab- 8. aznaurobis maZiebeli solomon raz-
runebis uflebiT); maZe 1834 wlis 24 ivniss gaigzavna q. penzaSi
3. gadamdgari podporuCiki Tavadi ivane samoqalaqo gubernatoris gankargulebaSi,
erisTavi (sasjelis zoma: faruli meTvaly- sadac imsaxurebs samoqalaqo uwyebaSi;
ureobis qveS saqarTveloSi datoveba). 9. gadamdgari poruCiki Tavadi aleqsan-
1834 wlis 26 ivliss samxedro samin- dre giorgis Ze orbeliani dainiSna selenginis
istros saauditoro departamentis Stabis qveiTTa polkSi da 1834 wlis 20 ivliss gaig-
ufrosis xelmoweril dokumentSi aRniSnu- zavna qveiTTa me-5 korpusis sardal infante-
lia, rom TbilisSi 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis riis general kaisarovis gankargulebaSi;
saqmeze samxedro sasamarTlos komisiis mier 10. kapitani Tavadi zaqaria ColoyaSvili
gamotanili ganaCenis sisruleSi moyvanis dainiSna Selenginis qveiTTa polkSi da gaig-
mizniT samxedro saministrom gasca Semdegi zavna qveiTTa me-5 korpusis sardal infante-
gankargulebani: riis general kaisarovis gankargulebaSi;
1. samxedro wodebaCamorTmeuli ar- 11. titulovani mrCeveli dimitri pauSen-
tileriis podporuCiki Tavadi elizbar eri- ko 1834 wlis 27 ivniss gaigzavna q.astraxanSi
sTavi igzavneba fineTSi ganlagebul qveiTTa samxedro gubernatoris general-leitenant
erT-erT polkSi rigiTad. 1834 wlis 10 iv- piatkinis gankargulebaSi;
liss elizbar erisTavi Caibara mTavari Sta- 12. leibgvardiis kazakTa polkis Stabis
bis morige generalma q. helsingforsSi (hel- rotmistri Tavadi mamuka orbeliani daniSnu-
sinkiSi) me-19 qveiTi diviziis meTaur gener- lia malorosiis kazakTa 1-l polkSi maioris
al-leitenant petersonis gankargulebaSi Tanamdebobaze, ris Sesaxebac miweriloba gae-
gasagzavnad; gzavna kavkasiis xazis sardal general-leit-
2. gadamdgari podporuCiki Tavadi ale- enant veliaminovs;
qsandre orbeliani dainiSna orenburgis me-9 13. gadamdgari poruCiki Tavadi ivane
saxazo batalionSi praporSCikad. 1834 wlis erisTavi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo guberna-
17 ivliss igi gaigzavna q. orenburgSi kor- toris gankargulebaSia, ris Sesaxebac gagzav-
pusis sardlis general-adiutant perovskis nilia miweriloba.
gankargulebaSi; 1825 wlis 14 dekembers peterburgSi sax-
3. Tbilisis gimnaziis yofili maswavle- elmwifo wyobilebis Secvlis mizniT gamosv-
beli solomon dodaSvili 1834 wlis 24 ivniss lis monawileni _ dekabristebi _ imperatorma
gaigzavna q. viatkis samoqalaqo gubernatoris nikolai I-ma sastikad dasaja: xuTi dekabris-
gankargulebaSi, sadac igi dainiSneba kancel- ti CamoaxrCves, xolo gamosvlis danarCen aq-
ariis dabali rangis moxeled; tiur monawileebs socialuri da samxedro
4. kavkasiis grenaderTa saartilerio wodeba CamoarTves da cimbiris katorRaSi
brigadis praporSCiki Tavadi dimitri eri- gaagzavnes. am fonze 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis
sTavi gadayvanili iqna me-10 saartilerio monawileebi mkacr sasjels elodnen. miuxe-
brigadaSi da 1834 wlis 23 ivniss gaigzavna davad amisa, sasjeli imaze gacilebiT msub-
qveiTTa me-4 korpusis sardlis general- uqi iyo. es SemTxveviTi ar yofila. XIX sau-
leitenant xilkovis gankargulebaSi; kunis 30-iani wlebis damdegisaTvis qarTuli
5. borCalos distanciis TaTari mola za- aristokratiis (Tavadebis, aznaurebis) didi
mana dainiSna rigiTad q. arxangelskis saguS- nawili, romelic aqtiur rols TamaSobda
ago batalionSi, sadac gaemgzavra 1834 wlis XVIII saukunis miwurulis qarTl-kaxeTis same-
12 ivniss general-maior leventalis gankar- fos samxedro-politikur cxovrebaSi da XIX
gulebaSi; saukunis damdegis erovnul ajanyebebSi, ukve
6. gadamdgari paJi Tavadi vaxtang orbe- an gardacvlili iyo, an Rrmad moxuci. ru-
liani ((Tekla
Tekla batoniSvilisa da vaxtang or- seTis saimperatoro karze kargad uwyodnen,
belianis vaJi) gaigzavneba q.kalugaSi samoqa- rom am Taobis qarTuli aristokratiis abso-
laqo gubernatoris gankargulebaSi; luturi umravlesobis gadabireba, maT mier
7. maiori Tavadi luarsab orbeliani 1834 rusuli moqalaqeobis Sewynareba SeuZlebeli
wlis 3 ivnisis miwerilobiT gaigzavna saqarT- iyo. samagierod, nikolai I varaudobda, rom
velos samoqalaqo gubernatoris gankargule- rusul moqalaqeobas SedarebiT advilad dan-
465
ergavda qarTuli aristokratiis im TaobaSi sainteresoa, ra bedi ewia im 13 SeTqmuls,

(TaobebSi), romelTa cnobiereba saqarTvelo- romelTac sasamarTlom sxvadasxva sasjeli
Si ruseTis batonobis pirobebSi Camoyalib- dauwesa:
da. imperatoris varaudi ar gamarTlda: 1832 1. elizbar erisTavi (1808-1871) 1845 wels
wlis SeTqmulebis monawileTa absoluturi dabrunda saqarTveloSi, daqorwinda da 5 Svi-
umravlesoba swored im Taobis warmomadgeneli SeeZina, 1848 wels ZmasTan, dimitrisTan,
li iyo, romlis cnobiereba ruseTis batono- erTad sofel RvarebSi (atenis maxloblad)
bis pirobebSi Camoyalibda. miuxedavad amisa, daaarsa SuSis qarxana, aqtiurad monawileob-
nikolai I-ma sayovelTao da mkacri repre- da Jurnal `ciskris~ gavrcelebaSi. 1869 wli-
siebisagan mainc Tavi Seikava. es iqidanac Cans, dan goris mazris ufrosia.
rom 145 eWvmitanilidan samxedro sasamarT- 2.. aleqsandre orbeliani (1802-1869) 1838
los winaSe mxolod 13 kaci warsdga, danar- wels orenburgidan kavkasiis xazze gadmoi-
Cenebi Ziebis procesis dasrulebis Semdeg an yvanes, xolo 1840 wels saqarTveloSi dab-
administraciuli wesiT SedarebiT msubuqad runebis nebarTva miiRo, eweoda literatu-
daisajnen, an saerTod araviTari sasjeli ar rul saqmianobas.
miuRiaT. amjerad nikolai I-ma sawadels miaR- 3.. solomon dodaSvili (1805-1836) 1832
wia _ qarTuli aristokratia imperatorisadmi wlis 11 dekembers daapatimres, xolo 1834
loialurad ganewyo, gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis wlis 24 ivniss Tbilisidan ruseTSi gagza-
SeTqmulebis dapatimrebul monawileTa ojax- vnes. 1834 wlis 17 ivliss igi q. penzaSi, xolo
is wevrebsa da naTesavebze, maTi ricxvi ki 31 ivliss q.viatkaSi Cavida. viatkaSi solo-
arcTu ise cota iyo. 1837 wlis 7 oqtombers mon dodaSvili daniSnes sagubernio sammarT-
TbilisSi Camovida nikolai I. kavkasiis mTa- veloSi gadamwerad, Semdeg ki gadaiyvanes vi-
varsardalma da , saerTod, koloniurma ad- atkis samoqalaqo gubernatoris kancelariaSi
ministraciam, rusma samxedro da samoqalaqo saTemo gadasaxadebis magidis ufrosad. 1835
moxeleebma imperators brwyinvale Sexvedra wlis ivlisSi Seryeuli janrTelobis gamo
mouwyves, maT ar CamorCa qarTuli aris- man samxreTis romelime guberniaSi gadayvana
tokratiac. cxadia, qarTuli aristokratiis iTxova, razec uari miiRo. gardaicvala vi-
uqveSevrdomiles ganwyobilebaSi imperatori atkaSi 1836 wlis 20 agvistos, dakrZalulia
albaT siyalbesac SeamCnevda, magram misTvis iqve. solomon dodaSvilis qvrivsa da Svilebs
isic cxadi iqneboda, rom aristokratia mis- saqarTveloSi dabrunebis ufleba miecaT.
dami loialurad iyo ganwyobili. Tbilisidan 4.. dimitri erisTavi (1811-1854) saqarT-
dabrunebis Semdeg imperatorma Tavisi STabe- veloSi dabrunda da ZmasTan, elizbar eri-
Wdileba gauziara JandarmTa Sef aleqsandr sTavTan, erTad 1848 wels sofel RvarebSi
benkendorfs: „miReba, romelic me gamimarTes (atenis maxloblad) daaarsa SuSis qarxana.
saqarTveloSi, SeiZleba Sevudaro mxolod im 5.. mola zamana, TaTari borCalos distan-
Sexvedrebs, romelTac aq, moskovSi, miwyoben ciidan, arxangelskSi gadaasaxles, sadac sa-
xolme“.saerTod, unda aRiniSnos, rom niko- guSago batalionSi jariskacad msaxurobda.
lai I ufro civ, TavSekavebul Sexvedras elo- gardaicvala gadasaxlebaSi.
da. imperatorma xom SesaniSnavad icoda, ra 6. vaxtang orbeliani (1812-1890) 1833 wels
uvargisi mmarTvelobac Camoyalibda saqarT- gadaasaxles q. kalugaSi, 1836 wlidan kalu-
veloSi, romelic erTnairad mZime mdgomareo- gis gubernatoris kancelariaSi muSaobda,
baSi agdebda yvela socialur fenas, maT So- 1837 wels saqarTveloSi dabrunda. 1842 wels
ris aznaurebsa da Tavadebs. miuxedavad amisa, colad SeirTo mariam ilinskaia, romelTanac
araTu protestiT (rac albaT warmoudgeneli SeeZina ori Svili, didxans imyofeboda samx-
iyo), aramed uaRresad mokrZalebuli Txovni- edro samsaxurSi: 1832 wlidan niJni novgoro-
Tac ki aravis Seuwuxebia imperatori. amis dis dragunTa polkis poruCikia, 1858 wels
umTavresi mizezi ki is iyo, rom xuTi deka- polkovnikis samxedro wodebiT dainiSna
bristis CamomxrCobma nikolai I-ma 1832 wlis yubanis mazris mmarTvelad, 1860 wels miiRo
SeTqmulTa mimarT lmobiereba gamoiCina. general-maioris samxedro wodeba, 1863 wels
4. SeTqmulTa bedi sasjelis moxdis Sem- dainiSna Tergis olqis ufrosis movaleobis
deg. sasjelis moxdis Semdeg SeTqmulebis Semsruleblad, 1881 wels samsaxuridan ga-
monawileebis devna ar ganxorcielebula. dadga.
466
vaxtang guruli
7.. luarsab orbeliani (1791-1834) patim- Si, sofel beloTsa da sofel qveSSi cxov-
robidan gaTavisuflda, ar gadausaxlebiaT robda, eweoda literaturul saqmianobas.
da saqarTvelos samoqalaqo gubernatoris 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis erT-erTi aqtiuri
gankargulebaSi darCa. amasTanave, mas Seu- monawile mTavardiakoni, beri filadelfos
wyvites pensia. (erSi nikifore
nikifore)) kiknaZe (1793-1833) 1832 wlis
8.. solomon razmaZe (1797-1860) 1834 wlis dekemberSi daapatimres SuamTis monasterSi,
24 ivniss gadasaxlebaSi gaemgzavra. 17 ivniss TbilisSi Camoiyvanes da sxva SeTqmulebTan
q.penzaSi Cavida. igi dainiSna penzis samoqa- erTad pokrovis yazarmaSi moaTavses. fil-
laqo gubernatoris kancelariaSi, 1837 wli- adelfos kiknaZem Cvenebebi misca 1833 wlis 28
dan igi guberniis registratoria, 1839 wels ianvars, 7 Tebervals, 24 Tebervals, 7 marts,
avadmyofobis gamo samsaxuridan gaTavisufl- 15 martsa da 7 ivliss. mTavardiakons susti
da, 1850 wels neba mieca Sesuliyo samsaxurSi janmrTeloba kidev ufro Seuryia patimrobam
nebismier qalaqSi, moskovisa da peterburgis da 1833 wlis 2 seqtembers gardaicvala.
garda, imave wels colad SeirTo penzeli 5. 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis istoriuli mniS-
elisabed meSkova, romelTanac SeeZina vaJi, vneloba. 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba umniSvnelova-
1842 wlidan penzis deputatTa arqivariusia, nesi, gansakuTrebuli movlenaa erovnuli
1850 wels danaSauli epatia da moskovsa da moZraobisa da, saerTod, saqarTvelos axal
peterburgSi muSaobis uflebac miiRo, Tumca istoriaSi. XIX saukunis damdegis erovnuli
am uflebiT ar usargeblia da penzaSive dar- moZraoba (1802 wlis politikuri gamosvla
Ca. gardaicvala iqve. kaxeTSi, 1804 wlis ajanyeba aRmosavleT saqa-
9.. aleqsandre giorgis Ze orbeliani (1800- rTvelos mTianeTSi, 1812 wlis ajanyeba kax-
1870) samSobloSi dabrunda da aqve gardaicv- eTSi, 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba imereTSi,
ala. guriasa da samegreloSi), romlis gamomwvevi
10. zaqaria ColoyaSvili (1799-1851 wlis mizezi ruseTis imperiis mier qarTuli sax-
Semdeg) qveiTTa me-5 korpusis Selenginis elmwifoebriobis mospoba iyo, damarcxda.
qveiTTa polkSi 1833 wlis 4 noembers gaam- represiebis talRa daatyda Tavs samefo sax-
weses, 1836 wels miiRo maioris samxedro wo- lis wevrebsa da qarTuli aristokratiis im
deba, 1837 wlis ianvarSi avadmyofobis gamo Taobas, romlis cnobiereba qarTuli saxelm-
samsaxuridan gaTavisuflda, magram imave wifoebriobis arsebobis pirobebSi Camoyali-
wlis noemberSi dragunTa polkSi ganagrZo bda da romelic verasdros ver Seegueboda
samsaxuri. 1843 wlidan qarTvel grenaderTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobas. gareg-
polkSia, ibrZoda Crdilo kavkaSiaSi Samilis nulad ise Canda, rom ruseTis koloniurma
winaaRmdeg, 1844 wels miiRo podpolkovnikis, politikam seriozul warmatebas miaRwia da
xolo 1846 wels polkovnikis wodeba, 1851 realuri gaxda saqarTvelos ruseTis imperi-
wels samxedro samsaxuridan gadadga. is ganuyofel nawilad gadaqcevis gegmis ganx-
11. dimitri pauSenko (1792-1834 wlis orcieleba. ruseTis saimperatoro karsa da
Semdeg) iyo duSeTis kapitan-ispravniki, koloniuri politikis mesveurebs aimedebdaT
daapatimres 1832 wlis dekemberSi, 1834 wlis ara marto erovnuli moZraobis damarcxeba,
27 ivniss q. astraxanSi gadaasaxles, garda- aramed isic, rom samoRvaweo asparezs nel-ne-
icvala gadasaxlebaSi. la tovebda qarTveli aristokratiis is Tao-
12. mamuka orbeliani (1800-1871) 1834 ba, romelic rusul batonobasTan Seurige-
wels gaigzavna kavkasiis xazze, aqtiurad beli iyo. peterburgSi darwmunebuli iyvnen
monawileobda Samilis winaaRmdeg brZolebSi imaSi, rom samoRvaweo asparezze gamosuli
(1834-1859) da yirimis omSi (1853-1856), mi- qarTuli aristokratiis axali Taoba, rom-
iRo general-maioris samxedro wodeba, axlo lis cnobiereba ruseTis batonobis pirobebSi
urTierToba hqonda kavkasiis mefisnacvlebT- Camoyalibda, romelTac saero, samxedro da
an mixail voroncovsa da aleqsandr bariatin- sasuliero ganaTleba rusul saswavleblebSi
skisTan, gardaicvala TbilisSi. miiRes, samxedro da samoqalaqo samsaxurebSi
13. ivane erisTavi (1781-1841) ar Sevidnen, wina Taobisagan gansxveavebiT, ufro
gadausaxlebiaT, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo loialuri iqneboda ruseTisadmi. 1832 wlis
gubernatoris gankargulebaSi datoves. igi SeTqmulebam yvelaferi Tavdayira daayena:
meuRlesa da rva SvilTan erTad Tavis mamul- SeTqmulebis monawileTa absoluturi um-
467
ravlesoba qarTuli aristokratiis is war- rusulma gimnaziebma, verc rusulma samxedro

momadgenlebi iyvnen, romelTa cnobierebaSi saswavleblebma da verc dampyroblisagan
rusuli moqalaqeobriobis danergva ruse- boZebulma samxedro wodebam, Tanamdebobam
Tis saimperatoro kars ukve realobad miaC- da maRalma xelfasma. 1832 wlis SeTqmule-
nda. ruseTma SeZlo XIX saukunis damdegis bam araraobad aqcia ruseTis ocdaaTwliani
stiqiuri da lokaluri erovnuli moZraobis koloniuri politikis monapovari, ideuri
damarcxeba da mis nacvlad miiRo saerTo- niadagi moumzada momdevno epoqis erovnul
qarTuli erovnuli moZraoba, programiTa moZraobas. swored 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis
da wesdebiT gaerTianebuli qarTuli aris- monawileebma SeZles minavlebuli erovnuli
tokratiis brZola saxelmwifoebriobis aRd- cnobierebis gamoRviZeba da XIX saukunis 60-
genisaTvis. ruseTisaTvis metad saSiS movle- iani wlebis damdegidan dawyebuli erovnuli
nas warmoadgenda is, rom SeTqmulebaSi Cab- moZraobis winamZRolebs anderZad dautoves:
muli iyo qarTveli aristokratiis yvelaze did imperiebTan brZola qarTvelobisa da
ganaTlebuli da Segnebuli nawili, romelTa saqarTvelos gadarCenis erTaderTi gzaa.
patriotuli suliskveTeba ver Cakla verc
468
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XXV. saqarTvelos qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba (XIX saukunis

damdegi - 40-iani wlebis damdegi)
XVIII saukunis miwurulisaTvis saqarT- dakveTaze, aseve yovel saxlTan mTeli Ramis
veloSi saqalaqo cxovreba Camkvdari iyo. ganmavlobaSi idga daraji
daraji.. Tbilisis yvela
1801 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos istoriul ter- nawilSi did quCebze mTeli Rame ganaTebuli
itoriaze eqvsi qalaqi iyo: Tbilisi, Telavi, fanrebi unda mdgariyo.
siRnaRi, gori, quTaisi, axalcixe.
axalcixe. axalcixis XVIII saukunis miwurulsa da XIX saukunis
garda, romelic osmaleTis SemadgenlobaSi damdegs TbilisSi miwa sakmaod Zviri Rirda,
Sedioda, yvela samefo qalaqs warmoadgenda. gansakuTrebiT qalaqis kedlis SigniT. yvela
saqarTveloSi mTeli rigi mcire qalqebic iyo, cdilobda saxli galavnis SigniT aego, raTa
romlebic ufro soflebsa da cixe-simagreebs mtris (gansakuTrebiT lekebis) Tavdasxmis
waagavdnen, vidre qalaqebs. qarTlSi dasaxle- SemTxvevaSi daculi yofiliyo. 1805 wlis mo-
buli punqtebis am kategorias miekuTvnebod- nacemebiT, Tbilisis galavnis SigniT erTi ar-
nen: ali, ananuri, ateni, axalgori, axaldaba, Sini miwa qarTuli fuliT 40 vercxli Rirda.
axalqalaqi, duSeTi, mZovreTi, surami, cxinva- qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis
li;; imereTis samefoSi: saCxere, Cixori, Cxari,
li damyarebis Semdeg gadawyda TbilisSi saqa-
xoni, oni
oni;; samegrelos samTavroSi: zugdidi, laqo policiis kancelariis an saqalaqo poli-
ruxi;; guriis samTavroSi _ ozurgeTi
ruxi ozurgeTi;; osma- ciis mmarTvelobis daarseba, romlis Tavmj-
leTis mflobelobaSi Savi zRvis sanapiroze: domarec komendanti unda yofiliyo, xolo
anaklia, baTumi, biWvinTa, soxumi, foTi, qobu- komendantis moadgile _ policmaisteri
policmaisteri.. de-
leTi;; xolo samcxe-saaTabagoSi maTve epyraT:
leTi bulebis mixedviT, Tbilisis komendanti val-
axalcixe, awyuri, axalqalaqi, xerTvisi.
xerTvisi debuli iyo: 1. daecva keTilSobili wodeba;
2. Tvalyuri edevnebina kanonis dacvisaTvis;
3. cxovrebaSi gaetarebina saqarTvelos uzen-
§1. qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba XIX saukunis aesi mTavrobis gadawyvetilebebi. komendants
damdegidan 20-iani wlebis bolomde unda aRekveTa ukanono vaWroba da vaWrobisas
ruseTis imperiis mier qarTl-kaxeTis zoma-wonaSi motyueba. daecva sanitaruli we-
samefos dapyrobis Semdeg 1802 wlidan daiwyo sebi, xolo epidemiis dros moewyo karantini.
saqalaqo cxovrebis rusul yaidaze gardaqm- 1802 wlis 8 maiss qarTl-kaxeTis teri-
na. garadaqmnis principebi Camoyalibebuli toria gaiyo xuT mazrad. sainteresoa maz-
iyo aleqsandr I-is reskriptSi kavkasiis xa- rebad dayofis Taobaze Sedgenil dokumentSi
zis mTavarsardlisa da saqarTvelos mTa- daculi masala:
varsardlis general-leitenant karl knor- 1. lores mazra (imis gamo, rom lore
ringisadmi reskriptSi. imperatori kronings praqtikulad cixis garSemo gaSenebul
avalebda SeemuSavebina saqalaqo da saerobo sofels warmoadgenda da ara qalaqs, mazris
policiis debuleba. debuleba erToblivad mmarTveloba TbilisSi unda yofiliyo) _ mo-
SeimuSaves karl knoringma da piotr kovalen- saxleoba:: qarTvelebi, somxebi, kaTolikeebi,
saxleoba
skim. debulebis pirveli ganyofileba qalaq TaTrebi;
Tbiliss exeboda, romelic ase iyo dasaTau- 2. goris mazra (mazris centri q. gori) _
rebuli: ``qalaqisa
qalaqisa da wodebebis dayofis Ses- mosaxleoba: qarTvelebi, kaTolike somxebi,
axeb“.
axeb“. debulebis mixedviT, sakuTriv qalaqis grigoriani somxebi, ebraelebi;
teritoria sam nawilad iyofoda, sadac 2.000 goris mazraSi Sedioda surami
surami,, sadac
saxli iyo aRricxuli. calke iyo gamoyofili cxovrobdnen qarTvelebi, somxebi, ebraelebi
Tbilisis gareubani avlabari, romelSic 300 da cxinvali, sadac cxovrobdnen qarTvelebi,
saxli idga. qalaqis sami nawilidan TiToeu- somxebi, kaTolikeebi, ebraelebi.
li iyofoda or kvartlad. Tbilisis samive 3. duSeTis mazra ((mazris
mazris centri q. du-
nawilSi, aseve gareuban avlabarSi, damtkiceb- SeTi) _ mosaxleoba
mosaxleoba:: qarTvelebi, somxebi.
uli Statis mixedviT iniSneboda TiTo iasau- 4. Telavis mazra (mazris centri q. Tela-
li,, asisTavi da aTisTavi
li aTisTavi.. yvela kvartalSi vi) _ mosaxleoba
iniSneboda erTi asisTavi da sami aTisTavi. 5. siRnaRis mazra (mazris centri q. siR-
kvartlis yoveli quCis bolosa da quCebis ga- naRi) _ mosaxleoba
469
aRsaniSnavia, rom rusuli dokumenti ar Tbiliselma moqalaqeebma SekiTxviT mimarTes

azustebs, kaTolike mosaxleoba konkretu- saqarTvelos mTavarsardalsa da uzenaesi
lad ra erovnebisa iyo. mTavrobis Tavmjdomares karl knorings: Seu-
1802 wlis 8 maiss dafuZnda saqarTvelos narCundebodaT Tu ara Tbilisis moqalaqeebs
uzenaesi mTavroba. imavdroulad dakomple- vaxtang VI-is samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli
qtda policiis mmarTvelobebi Tbilissa da uflebebi? kiTxvas knoringma sakmaod bundo-
sxva qalaqebSi. policmaisterebad dainiSnen: vani pasuxi gasca: `1801 wlis 12 seqtembris
TbilisSi _ mikirtum surgunovi;
surgunovi; gorSi _ manifestis Tanaxmad, moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT
manuel aruTinovi; duSeTSi ivane kobiaSvili; monarqis wyalobiT isargeblon~. Tbilisis
TelavSi _ ivane gurgeniZe; siRnaRSi _ grigol moqalaqeebis Semdegi kiTxva aseTi iyo: Seu-
nacvliSvili. ufro adre, 1801 wlis 5 ivniss, narCundebodaT Tu ara moqalaqeebs omis
TbilisSi ober-policmaisteris uflebiT dros jarSi mxolod Tavisi surviliT wasv-
droebiT dainiSna somexi meliqi darCo bebu- lis ufleba? knoringma am kiTxvas dadebiTad
Tovi. 8 maissve policiis mmarTvelobis msa- upasuxa. moqalaqeebs ainteresebdaT Seunar-
Tbilisi XIX saukunis Sua xanebSi. v. Jakotes naxati
CundebodaT Tu ara maT wodebrivi sasamarT-

julebad dainiSnen: lores mazraSi _ gabriel lo, razec knoringma aseTi pasuxi gasca:
yorRanovi da andria gabaSvili; goris mazraSi `daarsebuli iqneba magistrati~. kiTxvas, unda
_ vaxuSti javaxiSvili da ivane begTabegovi; gadaexadaT Tu ara moqalaqeebs xazinisaT-
duSeTis mazraSi _ revaz murvaniZe da fare- vis gadasaxadi, knoringma upasuxa: ùnda ga-
muz WilaZe; Telavis mazraSi _ beJan sidamon- daixadon~. erT-erTi kiTxva, romelic aseve
erisTavi da ioseb WavWavaZe; siRnaRis mazraSi ainteresebdaT moqalaqeebs,SemdegSi mdgo-
_ revaz andronikaSvili da adam nasiZe. mareobda: moqalaqeebi valdebulni iyvnen Tu
TbilisSi saqalaqo mmarTvelobis mowyo- ara TavianTi saxlebi jaris dasabinaveblad
bam qalaqis mosaxleobis priviliregilebuli daeTmoT? pasuxi aseTi iyo: ìmis mixedviT, Tu
fenis _ moqalaqeTa _ SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia. rogor moewyoba yazarmebi~. Tbilisel moqa-
470
vaxtang guruli
laqeebs, romlebic ZiriTadad somxebi iyvnen, laqebis axali xelisuflebis dawesebulebebi

ainteresebdaT: iranis saxanoebidan ruseTSi ZiriTadad qaRaldze arsebobda da praqtiku-
gadasaxlebuli somxebis msgavsad, Tbilisis lad adgilebze xelisuflebis drouli orga-
moqalaqeebi (somxebi) ruseTis mTavrobisagan nizebisaTvis araferi keTdeboda. myarad moi-
miiReben Tu ara fulad jildos? am kiTxvas kida fexi Zalmomreobam, ukanonobam da ko-
knoringma ase upasuxa: àr vicnob qalaqis md- rufciam. rusi samxedro da samoqalaqo mox-
gomareobas~. eleebi araTu mosaxleobas, aramed qalaqebis
Tbilisis moqalaqeebis, aseve sxva qa- mmarTvelobaSi daniSnul qarTvel moxeleeb-
laqebis mosaxleobis (ZiriTadad saxlebis sac abuCad igdebdnen. 1803 wlis 9 Tebervals
mflobeli somxebis) mdgomareoba gansa- saqarTvelos mTavarsardali pavel ciciano-
kuTrebiT gaauaresa qalaqebSi ruseTis ja- vi,, romelmac am Tanamdebobaze karl knor-
vi
ris ganTavsebam. rusebs Zalze daugviandaT ringi Secvala, aleqsandr I-s moaxsenebda:
yazarmebis da jarisaTvis aucilebeli sxva `CinovnikTa borotmoqmedeba ukidures zR-
Senobebis (polkebisa da batalionebis Stab- vars aRwevs. qarTvelebs ara marto sajarod
binebis) mSenebloba. pirvel xanebSi jaris agineben, aramed scemen kidec. iyo SemTxveva,
saWiroebisaTvis qalaqSi arsebul kerZo roca qarTveli Seipyres, xelebi gaukres,
mflobelTa saxlebs iyenebdnen. am mxriv kiserze Toki moabes da rogorc damnaSave,
gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba Seiqmna ormocdaaT verssa da met manZilzec fexiT
TbilisSi. moqalaqeebi imdenad gausaZlis atares. moxeleebsa da oficrebs soflebidan
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen, rom saCivrebiT ZaliT mihyavT qalebi da qaliSvilebi da Za-
mimarTes rusul mmarTvelobas, iyo aSkara ladoben maTze~.
protestis ramdenime SemTxvevac. rusuli mmarTvelobisagan Sewuxebulma
qarTl-kaxeTis qalaqebSi faqtobrivad Tbiliselma vaWrebma saqarTvelos mTavarsar-
sapolicio mmarTveloba damyarda. axalma dal pavel cicianovs TxovniT mimarTes, rom
mmarTvelobam, romelsac axali, pirdapiri vaWarTa rigebidan aerCiaT TviTmmarTvelo-
Tu arapirdapiri, gadasaxadebis dawesebac bis msgavsi organo, romelsac urTierToba
mohyva, mosaxleobis protesti gamoiwvia. 1802 eqneboda ruseTis xelisuflebasTan. cici-
wlis 1 ivliss general-maiori ivan lazarevi anovma vaWarTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCeva
saqarTvelos mTavarsardal karl knorings SesaZleblad miiCnia im pirobiT, rom es unda
moaxsenebda: Tbiliselma vaWrebma uari Tqves yofiliyo droebiTi organo axali kanon-
maTze dakisrebuli gadasaxadebis gadax- mdeblobis SemoRebamde. pavel cicianovma
daze, da TavianT duqnebSi Caiketnen; rusuli Tbilisis komendantad daniSna qarTveli azn-
mmarTvelobis SemoRebis Semdeg TbilisSi sa- auri saakaZe, mas aseTi instruqcia misca: `dae,
sicocxlo mniSvnelobis yvela saqoneli gaZ- Tqveni upirvelesi movaleoba iyos moqalaqe-
virda, daeca oqros kursi, vercxli saerTod Ta dacva samxedro mosamsaxureebisagan da
gaqra mimoqcevidan; Tbilisel vaWar begTabe- saerTod, qalaqSi mcxovrebi rusi erovnebis
govsa da saqarTvelos mmarTvel kovalenskis adamianebisagan~. es dokumenti cxadad adas-
Soris TaRliTuri garigeba arsebobso. knor- turebs, Tu ra dones miaRwia rusi samxedro
ings Seqmnili mZime mdgomareobis gamosas- da samoqalaqo moxeleebis mier Cadenilma da-
woreblad araferi uRonia. naSaulma, ra gausaZlisi mdgomareoba Seiqmna
qalaqebis mosaxleobis gansakuTrebul TbilisSi rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis
ukmayofilebas iwvevda ganusazRvreli ufle- Semdeg. Tbilisis komendant saakaZes ci-
bebiT aRWurvili komendantebis saqmianoba. cianovi dawvrilebiT ganumartavda, Tu ra
komendantebad, rogorc wesi, rusi oficrebi Seadgenda mis movaleobas: 1. mkacrad unda
iniSnebodnen, romelTac arc adgilobrivi en- edevnebina Tvalyuri qalaqis sanitaruli
ebi icodnen da arc saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi mdgomareobisaTvis da daejarimebina yvela,
xalxebis zne-Cveulebebisa da tradiciebis vinc qalaqSi sanitaruli normebis dacvas
gaegebodaT rame. rac mTavaria, komendanteb- ugulebelyofda; 2. Tbilisis yvela duqani
ma zustad ar icodnen ra ufleba-mosileba unda daxuruliyo erTdroulad, araugvianes
gaaCndaT, ris gamoc, rogorc wesi, SeuzRu- saRamos 7 saaTisa, daxurvis Semdeg duqanSi
dav Zalauflebas flobdnen. viTarebas kidev unda CaeqroT sinaTle; 3. saqonlis sasaklao
ufro Zabavda is, rom Tbilissa da sxva qa- unda gaetanaT qalaqidan; 4. tyavis fabrike-
471
bi qalaqSi ar unda aeSenebinaT. cxadia, ci- saxlebs.

cianovi Seqmnil viTarebasac uwevda angariSs. pavel cicianovis brZanebaSi aRniSnu-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali Tbilisis komen- lia, rom misi mizani iyo saqalaqo cxovrebaSi
dants avalebda vaWrebi Seekriba da maTTvis wesrigis damyareba. 1804 wlis 1 aprils saqa-
ganecxadebina Semdegi: qalaqi jaris gareSe rTvelos mmarTvel dimitri volkonskisaT-
ver iqneba, xolo jars sWirdeba bina; vaW- vis gagzavnil werilSi cicianovi aRniSnavda,
rebma da Tavadebma unda zidon jaris dabi- rom saqalaqo cxovrebaSi wesrigis safuZveli
navebis tvirTi momavali wlis Semodgomamde, unda gamxdariyo vaWrebisa da meSCanebisaTvis
sanam TbilisSi ori batalionisaTvis yazarme- iseTive pirobebis Seqmna, rogoric ruseTis
bi aSendeboda. amrigad, surda Tu ar surda, imperiaSi arsebobda, vaWrobidan qalaqebis
TbilisSi yvela saxlis mflobeli valdebuli biujetSi Tundac umniSvnelo Tanxis Setana.
iyo garkveuli farTi gamoeyo jaris dasabi- cicianovi aseve aucileblad Tvlida qalaqeb-
naveblad. Si magistratebis Seqmnas.
pavel cicianovi Seecada, rom Tbilisi- saqarTveloSi saqalaqo cxovrebis mow-
dan zedmeti mosaxleoba gaeyvana. 1804 wlis esrigebis mizniT pavel cicianovis mier
1 aprils saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis gatarebuli pirveli RonisZiebebidan aRsan-
eqspediciisaTvis gagzavnil miwerilobaSi iSnavia siZviris winaaRmdeg brZola: dawesda
saqarTvelos mTavarsardali aRniSnavda, rom fasebi sasursaTo produqtze; ganisazRvra
mtris, gansakuTrebiT lekebis, Semosevisagan muSaxelis fasi; daiwyo xorcis fasis mowes-
Tavis dacvis mizniT soflis mosaxleobac ki rigeba da sxv. qalaqebis komendantebi regu-
TbilisSi cdilobda TavSesafris povnas. amas larulad awvdidnen cnobas saqarTvelos mTa-
emateboda TbilisSi samuSaos saZieblad Camo- varsardals produqtze fasebis damrRvevTa
suli glexebis raodenoba. qalaqidan zedmeti da gadamyidvelTa Sesaxeb. goris komendantma
mosaxleobis gayvanis gadawyvetileba rom mi- reihma cicianovs acnoba: moqalaqeebma baba-
iRo, cicianovi sami miznis miRwevas cdilob- lovma, zubalovma, Sixinovma da sxvebma sof-
da: 1. qalaqis gawmenda ucxo da daumorCile- lebSi glexebs zamTarSi misces be da sasur-
beli elementebisagan; 2. gasaxlebulTa xar- saTo produqtis faszec SeuTanxmdnen; aR-
jze sabinao farTis gazrda; 3. im Tavadebisa moCnda, rom am produqtis fasi zafxulsa da
da aznaurebis dakmayofileba, romlebic Semodgomaze zamTarSi dadgenilze bevrad na-
TbilisSi soflebidan gaqceuli glexebis klebi iyo. pavel cicianovi zrunavda Tbilis-
dasaxlebis akrZalvas iTxovdnen. soflis sa da sxva qalaqebSi xelosnobisa da vaWrobis
mosaxleobis xarjze marto Tbilisi ar iz- ganviTarebaze. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlis
rdeboda, igive viTareba iyo gorSi, TelavSi, gankargulebiT Crdilo kavkasiidan (mozdoki-
siRnaRSi. amitom iyo, rom cicianovis brZane- dan) da ruseTis sxva qalaqebidan TbilisSi
ba yvela qalaqs exeboda. brZaneba qalaqebis momavali qaravnebis usafrTxoebas jari uz-
komendantebs avalebda: 1. ori Tvis ganmav- runvelyofda. cicianovi cdilobda rionis
lobaSi qalaqebidan glexebi im soflebSi dae- sanaosno gzis amoqmedebas, rasac imereTsa da
brunebinaT, saidanac gamoiqcnen; 2. Tavadebsa samegreloSi vaWrobis ganviTareba unda mo-
da aznaurebs ufleba miecaT qalaqebidan Ta- hyoloda. cicianovi TbilisSi maudis fabri-
vianTi glexebi waeyvanaT; 3. imas, vinc qalaqSi kis aSenebasa da tyavis gadamamuSavebeli war-
vaWrobas eweoda, qalaqis xelisuflebisaTvis moebis gafarToebas gegmavda. saqarTvelos
unda ecnobebina vaWrobis Sedegad miRebuli mTavarsardali miiCnevda, rom perspeqtiuli
yoveldRiuri Semosavlis Sesaxeb (es ar exe- iyo selis gadamuSavebis dawyeba. cicianovis
boda im glexebs, romlebic drodadro Ca- gankargulebiT axtalis sabadoebis muSax-
diodnen qalaqSi savaWrod); 4. yvela qalaqSi eliT uzrunvelyofis mizniT sabadoebze
sursaTiT vaWroba nebadarTuli iyo kviraSi miaweres glexebi. vaWrobisa da xelosnobis,
orjer; 5. vaWrobis ufleba ar unda miecaT gansakuTrebiT vaWrobis ganviTarebis mizniT,
gadamyidvelebisaTvis; 6. qalaqis xelisufle- cicianovma erevnis garSemo arsebuli sofle-
bas unda Seedgina vaWrebis sia maTi kapitalis bidan saqarTveloSi gadmoasaxla somexTa
raodenobis miniSnebiT. calke unda SeedginaT 11.000 ojaxi.
xelosnebis sia, romelSic aRniSnuli unda 1803-1805 wlebSi Catarebuli pirveli
yofiliyo flobdnen Tu ara isini qalaqSi kameraluri aRweris Sedegebis mixedviT, pav-
472
vaxtang guruli
el cicianovma gadasinja saqarTvelos mTa- nis kuTvnili daba); Telavis mazraSi: sagare-
varsardlis karl knorringis mier 1802 wels jo (saxazino-saeklesio daba); siRnaRis maz-
dadgenili qarTl-kaxeTis qalaqebis statusi. raSi: veliscixe (saxazino daba). aleqsandr
samazro qalaq duSeTSi
duSeTSi,, romelic batoniSvil tormasovis moxsenebis mixedviT, Tbilisis im
vaxtang erekles Zis saufliswuloSi Sedioda, mcxovrebTa raodenoba, romelTac moqalaqis
236 saxli, 1.253 mcxovrebi da 48 duqani iyo wodeba hqondaT (vaWrebi da meSCanebi) 800
aRricxuli. TiToeuli duqnidan miRebuli suls udrida, sabatono da saxazino glexebi-
wliuri Semosavali saSualod 2.354 maneTsa sa _ 4.000 suls. erevnis olqidan TbilisSi
da 30 kapiks udrida. vaxtang batoniSvilis gadmosaxlebul somexTa raodenoba 1.000
ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Semdeg duSeTs samazro suls Seadgenda. sxva qalaqebis mosaxleobis
qalaqis statusi mouxsnes da mazris centri raodenoba saSualod 1.000 iyo. aleqsandr
ananurSi gadaitanes. 1803 wlidan ananurma tormasovis 1810 wlis 11 ivlisis moxsenebam
samazro qalaqis statusi SeiZina. finansTa ministri savsebiT daakmayofila,
pavel cicianovis memkvidreebis, saqarT- Tbilisis mosaxleobisaTvis gadasaxadi ar
velos mTavarsardlebis ivan gudoviCis (1806- gauzrdiaT, ZalaSi darCa 1809 wlisaTvis ar-
1809), aleqsandr tormasovis (1809-1811), sebuli sagadasaxado sistema. 1809 wlisaT-
filip pauluCis (1811-1812), nikolai rtiSCe- vis Tbiliseli moqalaqeebi, garda maxtisa
vis (1812-1816) da kavkasiis mTavarsardal (fuladi gadasaxadi 1 maneTis odenobiT) da
aleqsei ermolovis (1816-1827) mmarTvelobis saxazino gadasaxadisa, Tbilisis moqalaqeebi
periodSi saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da saqalaqo saerTo jamSi weliwadSi saerobo gadasaxadis
cxovrebaSi bevri araferi Secvlila. xelisu- saxiT ixdidnen 4.000 maneTs. policiisa da sa-
fleba ZiriTadad dakavebuli iyo Tbili- guSago razmebis SenaxvisaTvis _ 6.200 maneTs,
sis magistratis proeqtebis SedgeniTa da sacxovrebeli saxlis yovel oTaxze _ 80
sagadasaxado sistemis cvlilebiT. am dros kapiks, yovel daxlze _ 1 maneTsa da 50 kapiks.
Tbiliss kvlav komendanti da saqalaqo poli- pavel cicianovma TbilisSi saxazino
cia ganagebda, xolo sxva qalaqebs _ komendan- fabrikebis daarsebis idea ver ganaxorcie-
ti da policmaisteri. qalaqebis mmarTvelo- la, es idea sabolood dasamarda aleqsandr
baSi Sesatani proeqtebi erTi meoreze uvargi- tormasovis dros. 1809 wlis 9 ivliss ruse-
si aRmoCnda, magaliTad: ivan gudoviCi imaze Tis imperiis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma ale-
fiqrobda, komendantisaTvis qalaqis Tavi xom qsei kurakinma,
kurakinma, aleqsandr tormasovs weri-
ar ewodebina, Tu Zveli saxeli daetovebina. li gamougzavna, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom
aleqsandr tormasovis mmarTvelobis dros, ministri arasasurvelad miiCnevda TbilisSi
1810 wels, tormasovma gadasaxadis gazrda- maudisa da tyavis gadamamuSavebeli saxazino
sis mizniT Tbilisis mosaxleobis wodebebad fabrikebis daarsebas, radgan TbilisSi damza-
dayofis principic ki ver SeimuSava, igi mi- debuli produqcia ruseTidan Semotanilze
iCnevda, rom mrewveli da vaWari erTnairad ufro Zviri dajdeboda. aleqsandr tormaso-
unda dabegriliyo, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra vis mTavarsardlobis periodSi saqarTvelos
Semosavali gaaCndaT maT. tormasovs sTxoves qalaqebSi SemoRweva daiwyo rusulma kapi-
epasuxa kiTxvaze, Tu ramdeni qalaqi iyo 1810 talma. feodosiis qalaqis Tavis bronevskis
wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi. mTavarsardlis pa- mier daarsebul saaqcionero kompanias Ta-
suxidan irkveva, rom saqarTveloSi am drois- visi ganyofilebebi hqonda soxumSi
soxumSi,, foTSi
foTSi,,
aTvis arsebobda 5 qalaqi: sagubernio qalaqi quTaissa da TbilisSi
TbilisSi.
Tbilisi,, samazro qalaqebi: gori
Tbilisi gori,, ananuri
ananuri,, saqarTvelos mTavarsardal filip pau-
siRnaRi,, Telavi
siRnaRi Telavi.. goris mazraSi iyo Semdegi luCis xanmokle mmarTvelobis periodSi ram-
dabebi: cxinvali (saxazino daba, anu xazinis denime gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli: 1. aRiZ-
kuTvnil miwaze arsebuli daba), surami (saxa- ra Suamdgomloba TbilisSi sapyrobilisa da
zino daba), qareli (Tavad ciciSvilis kuTvni- saqalaqo policiis rezidenciis mSeneblobis
li daba), axalqalaqi (Tavad Tarxan-mouravis Sesaxeb; 2. Tbilisel vaWrebs SeunarCunes is
kuTvnili daba), mejvrisxevi (Tavad erisTavis upiratesobani, romlebic iranel vaWrebTan
kuTvnili daba); ananuris mazraSi: duSeTi SedarebiT hqondaT, iraneli vaWari Tundac
(saxazino daba), axalgori (Tavad erisTavis Tbiliseli vaWrebis gildiaSi Caweriliyo,
kuTvnili daba), muxrani (Tavad muxranbato- adgilobrivi vaWris uflebebiT ver isarge-
473
blebda; 3. SemuSavebuli iqna proeqti, romlis iyo.

mixedviTac TbilisSi mcxovrebi saxazino da nikolai rtiSCevis mier Sedgenil Tbili-
saeklesio glexebis kategoriaSi axali glex- sis saqalaqo mmarTvelobis proeqtSi sab-
is Cawera mxolod maSin SeiZleboda, Tu es olood sityva magistrati amoiRes da mis
ukanaskneli Zvel sacxovrebel adgilze uars nacvlad saqalaqo mmarTveloba Caweres. pro-
ityoda; 4. imave proeqtis mixedviT, soflidan eqti aseTi Sinaarsisaa:
Camosuli sabatono glexi SeiZleboda Cari- 1. mmarTvelobis gaumjobesebis mizniT
cxuliyo Tbilisis saxazino glexebis katego- TbilisSi iqmneboda saqalaqo mmarTveloba,
riaSi, Tu misi mflobeli Tavadi an aznauri romelic departamentebad ar daiyofoda;
saxazino uwyebidan mis sakuTrebaSi samagiero 2. saqalaqo mmarTvelobis Tavmjdomares
glexis Caricxvas dasTanxmdeboda; Tavadebis an aznaurebis wridan imperators
nikolai rtiSCevis saqarTvelos mTa- dasamtkiceblad warudgenda saqarTvelos
varsardlad daniSvnis dros Tbilisis mTavarsardali. Tbilisis saqalaqo mmarTv-
mcxovrebTagan gadasaxadis akrefis saqmeSi eloba Sedgeboda sapatio moqalaqeebisagan
sruli qaosi sufevda. sakiTxis Rrmad da arCeuli 4 wevrisagan. maT garda saqalaqo
safuZvlianad Seswavla rtiSCevma ar moisur- mmarTvelobaSi unda Sesuliyo Tbilisis
va da 1814 wlis 9 ivlisis brZanebiT Tbilis- mcxovrebTagan arCeuli kidev 4 wevri (komis-
Si gadasaxadis akrefa somex meliqs, polic- ari), romlebic gamoirCeodnen keTilsindi-
maister darCo bebuTovs daavala. nikolai sierebiTa da kanonisadmi morCilebiT. am
rtiSCevma ruseTis imperator aleqsandr I-s 4 wevrs saqalaqo mmarTvelobis sxdomebSi
warudgina ori moxseneba: `Tbilisis policiis monawileoba ar unda mieRo. isini mxolod
mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~ da `Tbilisis saqalaqo mmarTvelobis davalebebs asrulebdnen, rac
mmarTvelobis proeqti~. pirvel moxsenebaSi gamoixateboda gadasaxadebis akrefis proce-
aRniSnulia, rom saqarTveloSi saqalaqo mag- sisa da bazrebis meTvalyureobaSi;
istratebi ver daarsda, radgan Tbilisis mo- 3. saqalaqo mmarTvelobis 4 wevrs da
qalaqeebi Zalze Raribebi arian, isini arCev- kidev 4 komisars sami wlis vadiT irCevdnen,
en, rom damoukideblad ivaWron da vaWarTa arCevnebis Sedegebs saqarTvelos general-
gildiebSi ar Caeweron. meore moxsenebaSi gubernatori amtkicebda;
rtiSCevi iTxovda, rom saqalaqo mmarTveloba 4. saqalaqo mmarTvelobis movaleobas
TbilisSi etapebad SemoeRoT. pirvel etapze Seadgenda qalaqis keTilmowyobaze zrunva,
vaWrebisaTvis savaldebulod ar unda eqci- vaWrobis, bazrebisa da mSeneblobebis gakon-
aT gildiebSi Cawera. rtiSCevs Tavisi Sexed- troleba;
uleba hqonda saqalaqo magistratis Sesaxeb. 5. saqalaqo mmarTvelobis daqvemdebare-
misi azriT, Tbilisis magistratis arCevnebi baSi unda yofiliyvnen xelosnebi. mmarTv-
weliwadSi erTxel unda gamarTuliyo, mag- elobas unda gaekontrolebina xelosnobidan
istratSi 4 wevri moqalaqeebs unda aerCiaT, miRebuli Semosavali;
xolo 4 wevri _ yvela sxva wodebas. magi- 6. saqalaqo mmarTvelobas eqvemdebare-
stratis Tavmjdomare 8 arCeuli wevridan ar boda sabinao komisia, mis funqciebSi aseve Se-
unda yofiliyo, igi saqarTvelos mTavarsar- dioda qalaqSi saguSagoebis mowyoba;
dals unda daeniSna Tavadebis an aznaurebis 7. saqalaqo mmarTveloba ixilavda yvela
wridan. magistratis mdivani
mdivani,, mTargmneli da sarCels, garda sisxlis samarTlisa;
kancelariis moxeleebi aseve xelisuflebas 8.saqalaqo mmarTveloba pasuxismgebe-
unda SeerCia da daeniSna. magistratis Tavm- li iyo: a) gadasaxadebis akrefaze, b) mSene-
jdomaresa da wevrebs xelfasi qalaqis Semo- blobisaTvis miwis gamoyofasa da mSenebloba-
savlidan unda mieRoT. rtiSCevi garkveviT ze, g) sacxovrebeli saxlebis aRricxvaze;
aRniSnavda, rom iseTive magistrati, rogor- 9. saqalaqo mmarTvelobis wevrTa wli-
ic TbilisSi Seiqmneboda, unda daarsebuli- uri xelfasi Seadgenda: Tavmjdomarisa _ 750
yo imxanad saqarTvelos guberniaSi Semaval maneTi, mmarTvelobis wevrisa _ 250 maneTi,
elizavetopolSi (ganjaSi), magram araviTar komisrisa _ 160 maneTi, mdivnisa _ 200 maneTi,
SemTxvevaSi _ quTaissa da saqarTvelos sxva buRaltrisa _ 200 maneTi, mTargmnelisa _ 150
samazro qalaqebSi, radgan am qalaqebSi vaWar- maneTi, kancelariis yvela moxelisa erTad _
Ta da xelosanTa fena Zalze mcirericxovani 200 maneTi, ori darajisa _ 120 maneTi. sul
474
vaxtang guruli
saqalaqo mmarTvelobis Senaxvis wliuri xar- boda. kuluxis saxiT akrefili gadasaxadidan
ji 3.260 maneTiT ganisazRvra. 1802-1807 wlebSi xazinaSi vercxliT 200 ma-
nikolai rtiSCevma Tbilisis saqalaqo neTi da 17 kapiki Sevida. 1817 wlisaTvis ku-
mmarTvelobis proeqts daurTo statisti- luxidan miRebuli Semosavali wliTiwlobiT
kuri cnoba. am cnobis mixedviT, 1812 wlis klebulobda, ramac ganapiroba is, rom 1817
bolosaTvis TbilisSi aRricxuli iyo: wlisaTvis danaklisma vercxliT 8.987 maneTi
1. 2.672 saxli, romlebSic sul 3.675 da 50 kapiki Seadgina;
oTaxi iyo. TiToeul oTaxze gadasaxadis ra- 2. Tbilisis mosaxleoba oTx kategoriad
odenoba 80 kapiks udrida, anu saxlebidan iyofoda: a) moqalaqe anu saxelmwifo uwye-
wliuri Semosavali 2.940 maneTs Seadgenda; baSi Semavali; b) mcxovrebni
mcxovrebni,, romlebic saqa-
2. 846 daxli, TiToeul daxlze wliuri rTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan an ucxoeTi-
gadasaxadi 1 maneTsa da 50 kapiks udrida, anu dan iyvnen Semosulebi; g) glexebi
glexebi,, romlebic
daxlebidan wliuri Semosavali 1.269 maneTs qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebs ekuT-
Seadgenda; vnodnen; d) glexebi
glexebi,, romlebic eklesiis an
3. sul saxlebidan da daxlebidan miRe- Tavadebisa da aznaurebis kuTvnilebas war-
buli Semosavali 4.209 maneTs udrida. moadgendnen. erekle II-is mdivnis mier Sed-
statistikuri cnobidan Cans, rom Tbili- genil dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom Tbilisis
sis Semosavlis simciris gamo qalaqis keTilm- saxlis mflobeli 556 moqalaqis mier gadax-
owyobis an sxva mizniT seriozuli Tanxis gam- dili maxtis raodenoba weliwadSi 4.000 ma-
oyofa SeuZlebeli iyo. neTs udrida. 1817 wels TbilisSi aRricxu-
saqarTvelos mTavarsardalma aleqsei li iyo mxolod 416 saxli da 977 mamrobiTi
ermolovma gadawyvita seriozulad garkveu- sqesis mcxovrebi. es imas niSnavda, rom max-
liyo qalaqebis mmarTvelobaSi Seqmnil md- tis gadamxdelTa raodenoba Semcirda. er-
gomareobasa da sagadasaxado sistemaSi. 1817 ekle II-is mdivani aRniSnavs, rom ucxoeTi-
wlis 19 dekembriT daTariRebul ruseTis dan TbilisSi Semosuli adamianebi 386 saxls
mmarTveli senatisadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi flobdnen, romlebic maxtis nacvlad mefes
ermolovi aRniSnavda: wliurad 5-7 maneTs uxdidnen. 1817 wlis aR-
1. qarTl-kaxeTSi rusuli mmarTvelo- weriT dadginda, rom ucxoeTidan Semosuli
bis damyarebis droisaTvis (1802 w.) Tbili- adamianebi TbilisSi ukve 699 saxls flobdnen
sis mcxovrebTaTvis dawesebuli iyo Semdegi da maTi raodenoba 1.445 mamrobiTi sqesis
saxazino gadasaxadebi: maxta
maxta,, mali da kuluxi. mcxovrebiT ganisazRvreboda. 1817 wlisaTvis
1810 wels erevnis olqidan TbilisSi gadmo- TbilisSi 931 saxli ekuTvnoda glexebs, rom-
saxlebul somxebs saqarTvelos mTavarsar- lebic winaT qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis
dalma aleqsandr tormasovma dauwesa wliuri wevrebs ekuTvnodnen. 1804 wlis 23 seqtembers
gadasaxadi 1.000 maneTis odenobiT. maxtis qarTl-kaxeTis samefo karis ojaxis wevrebs
raodenoba, rogorc qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebis uZrav--moZravi qoneba CamoerTvaT da maTi
dros, ise rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebis kuTvnili glexebidan akrefili gadasaxadi
Semdeg udrida 4 vercxlis maneTs weliwadSi. saqarTvelos Semosavals SeuerTda;
maxtas Tbilisis mcxovrebTagan ixdida mx- 3. 1817 wlisaTvis Tbilisis gadasaxadis
olod moqalaqis wodebis mqone. 1807 wlamde gadamxdelTa kuTvnili saxlebisa da mamrobi-
malis raodenoba zustad gansazRvruli ar Ti sqesis mcxovrebTa raodenoba aseT suraTs
iyo. 1807 wlidan malis raodenoba coliani iZleoda: a) sapatio moqalaqeebs ekuTvnodaT
moqalaqisaTvis Seadgenda 1 maneTsa da 20 19 saxli, moqalaqeebs _ 416 saxli, maTi saer-
kapiks, xolo ucolosaTvis 60 kapiks. malis To raodenoba 1.634 mamrobiTi sqesis ada-
saxiT akrefili gadasaxadis zusti aRricx- mians Seadgenda; b) ucxoeTidan (ZiriTadad
va ar xdeboda. 1802-1804 wlebSi malis sax- somxeTidan) Semosul mcxovreblebs ekuTvno-
iT akrefilma gadasaxadis raodenobam 2.350 daT 619 saxli, maTi saerTo raodenoba 1.290
vercxlis maneTi Seadgina. 1807 wels Tbili- mamrobiTi sqesis adamianiT ganisazRvreboda;
sis mosaxleobis aRweris Sedegad dadginda, g) winaT qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis kuT-
rom TbilisSi 833 coliani da 280 ucolo vnilebaSi myof glexebs ekuTvnodaT 931 sax-
mcxovrebi iyo, rac adasturebs, rom 1802- li, maTi saerTo raodenoba 1.951 mamrobiTi
1804 wlebSi gadasaxadi zustad ar aRiricxe- sqesis adamians Seadgenda; d) saeklesio da sa-
475
batano glexebs ekuTvnodaT 1.163 saxli, maTi laqeTa (vaWarTa) mdgomareobis gaumjobe-
saerTo raodenoba 2.507 mamrobiTi sqesis ada- sebas, magram araferi keTdeboda saqalaqo
mianiT ganisazRvreboda. am oTxi kategoriis cxovrebis aRorZinebisaTvis regionebSi. 1804
mcxovrebTa (7.383 mamrobiTi sqesis adamianis) wlis ajanyebam aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mflobelobaSi iyo 3.138 saxli. monacemebSi mTianeTSi mniSvnelovnad daaziana ananuri
Setanili ar aris im mcxovrebTa (Tavadebis, da duSeTi, 1812 wlis kaxeTis ajanyebam _
aznaurebis, samRvdeloebis) saxlebis ra- Telavi da siRnaRi. am qalaqebSi cxovrebis
odenoba, romlebic gadasaxads ar ixdidnen, aRorZinebisaTvis aucilebeli iyo saxsrebis
arc maTi suladobaa gaTvaliswinebuli. 1819 gamoyofa, rac ar momxdara.
wels aleqsei ermolovma gaauqma Tbilisis 1825 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi 5 qalaqi
mcxovrebTaTvis giorgi XII-is dros dawese- iyo, romlebSic 38.607 suli cxovrobda. 1828
buli gadasaxadebi. wlisaTvis qarTl-kaxeTis, imereTisa da guri-
1823 wels Tbilisis teritoria gafar- is mosaxleobis saerTo raodenoba 400.000
Tovda gareubnebis _ kukiisa da CuRureTis suls udrida. 1830 wlisaTvis ki qalaqebis
xarjze. kukiisa da CuRureTis mosaxleoba mosaxleobam 43.182 suli Seadgina, e.i mTeli
imave mdgomareobaSi darCa, Tumca masze aRar mosaxleobis 10.8 % -s udrida. sainteresoa
vrceldeboda mazris ufrosis iurisdiqcia. Tbilisis mosaxleobis raodenobis Sedareba
1824 wels aleqsei ermolovma gamosca br- ruseTis imperiis zogierT qalaqTan. 1825
Zaneba, rom radgan Tbilisis moqalaqe uf- wlisaTvis Tbilisis mosaxleoba 29.859 suls
lebrivad aznaurTan gaTanabrebuli ar iyo, udrida, astraxanisa _ 27.320 suls, kievisa
mas ymis yolis ufleba ar hqonda. im moqa- 24.369 suls.
laqeebs, romlebic qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebis 1827 wlis 25 noembers Tbilisis polic-
dros flobdnen ymebs, isini unda gaeTavi- maisterma reiterma, Tbilisis samxedro gu-
suflebinaT dadgenili gamosasyidis miRebis bernatoris miwerilobis Tanaxmad, Tbilisis
Semdeg. moqalaqeebi Sekriba da gamoucxada, rom qa-
aleqsei ermolovs surda cvlilebebi laqSi unda daarsebuliyo magistrati
magistrati,, xolo
Seetana Tbilisis mosaxleobisaTvis dawese- samazro qalaqebSi _ ratuSa
ratuSa.. gubernatori
bul sagadasaxado sistemaSi, aseve saqalaqo am sakiTxis ganxilvasa da azris gamoTq-
mmarTvelobaSi. kerZod, misi azriT, Tbili- mas moiTxovda. sabolood, TbilisSi saqa-
sis moqalaqeebi maxtis gadasaxadisagan unda laqo mmarTvelobis reformis gatareba 1840
gaeTavisuflebinaT, samagierod, gadasaxadi wlamde gadaido.
gaezardaT oTxive gildiis vaWrebisaTvis.
ermolovi miiCnevda, rom unda daarsebuliyo
Tbilisis saqalaqo saTaTbiro,
saTaTbiro, romelic sami
§2. qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba XIX saukunis
wlis vadiT airCeoda. saTaTbiros Semadgen-
30-iani wlebis damdegidan 40-iani wlebis dam-
lobaSi unda Sesuliyo qalaqisTavi da eqv-
si xmosani. qalaqisTavi unda aerCiaT yvela degamde
erovnebis Tbilisis vaWrebs, xolo or-ori ruseTis imperiis finansTa ministr
xmosani _ qarTvelebs, somxebsa da muslimebs. egor kankrinis iniciativiT Sedga `kavka-
saqalaqo saTaTbiros ganmgeblobaSi unda yo- siaSi ruseTis samflobeloebis mimoxilva~,
filiyo yvelaferi, garda sasamarTlo saq- romelSic bevri saintereso masalaa warmod-
meebisa. ermolovi miiCnevda, rom Tbilisis genili, maT Soris saqarTvelos qalaqebisa da
garda, saTaTbiroebis Seqmna saqarTvelos saqalaqo cxovrebis Sesaxeb. 1832 wlisaTvis
sxva qalaqebSi ar iyo aucilebeli, radgan iq saqarTveloSi 8 qalaqi arsebobda: Tbilisi,
vaWarTa fena Zalze mcirericxovani iyo. er- gori, ananuri, duSeTi, siRnaRi, Telavi, axal-
molovis proeqti ar damtkicda, samagierod, cixe, quTaisi. qalaqebSi saxlebis raodenoba,
1817 wels TbilisSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda mamrobiTi sqesis mosaxleoba da mosaxleobis
policiis Stati, daarsda sabinao komisia.
komisia. erovnuli Semadgenloba aseT suraTs iZleoda:
komisiis mizani iyo Tvalyuri edevnebina 1. Tbilisi (4.936 saxli; mamrobiTi sqesis
Tbilisis saxlebSi ruseTis jaris ganTavsebi- 11.581 mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 1.947,
saTvis. ruseTis xelisufleba sxvadasxva somexi _ 9.447, sxvadasxva erovnebisa _ 187);
RonisZiebiT mxars uWerda Tbilisis moqa- 2. gori (267 saxli; mamrobiTi sqesis 1.056
476
vaxtang guruli
mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 479, somexi zino, sabatono da saeklesio glexebi garda
_ 1.082, sxvadasxva erovnebisa _ 2); imisa, rom xelosanTa amqarSi iyvnen gaer-
3. ananuri (47 saxli; mamrobiTi sqesis Tianebulni, sasoflo-sameurneo saqmiano-
155 mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 98, so- basac misdevdnen. isini ZiriTadad Tbilisis
mexi _ 56, sxva erovnebisa _ 1); SemogarenSi Tavadebis miwebze muSaobdnen.
4. duSeTi (213 saxli; mamrobiTi sqesis 1833 wels Tbiliseli xelosnebi qalaqis
691 mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 228, so- SemogarenSi 862 desetina miwas amuSavebdnen.
mexi _ 457, sxvadasxva erovnebisa _ 16); 1833 wlisaTvis Tbilisis biujetma
5. siRnaRi (550 saxli; mamrobiTi sqesis 26.098 vercxlis maneTi Seadgina. biujetis
1.636 mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 65, udidesi nawili policiis Sesanaxad, aseve
somexi _ 1.571, sxvadasxva erovneba _ 0); xidebisa da quCebis mosavlelad da qalaqis
6. Telavi (492 saxli; mamrobiTi sqesis gasanaTeblad daixarja. 1833 wlis biujeti
1.533 mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 291, Semdegi wyaroebidan ivseboda: 1. gadasaxadi,
somexi _ 1.242, sxvadasxva erovneba _ 0); romelsac privilegirebuli wodebis garda,
7. axalcixe (2.734 saxli; mamrobiTi sqe- qalaqis yvela mcxovrebi ixdida _ 8.475 ma-
sis 5.864 mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ neTi; 2. oTaxebis, daxlebis, tyavis qarxnebis,
111, somexi _ 5.384, sxvadasxva erovnebisa _ qarvaslebis, wisqvilebis, sastumro saxlebisa
369); da baRebis Semosavlis 5 % _ 11.287 maneTi; 3.
8. quTaisi (428 saxli; mamrobiTi sqesis vaWrebze gawerili gadasaxadi _ 6.017 maneTi;
1.061 mcxovrebi, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 530, 4. meetleebisa da urmebis mflobelebisagan
somexi _ 259, sxvadasxva erovnebisa _ 272). miRebuli gadasaxadi _ 328 maneTi.
1832 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos qalaqebSi gorSi ZiriTadad ruseTidan da iranidan
cxovrobda mTeli mosaxleobis 12.6 %. Semotanili saqonliT vaWrobdnen. goreli
1834 wlisaTvis TbilisSi cxovrobda: vaWrebi saqonels TbilisSi an ruseTSi, ni-
4.217 qarTveli, 18.820 somexi, 723 islamis Jni novgorodis bazrobaze iZendnen. goris
aRmsarebeli. 1834 wlis monacemebiT Tbilis- bazarTan mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli cxin-
Si aRricxuli iyo 3.662 saxli (3.625 kerZo vali, surami da qareli. gorSi didi raode-
da 37 saxazino), 1.144 daxli, 5 qarvasla, 60 nobiT iyideboda xorbali, Rvino da xili. qa-
saqonlis sawyobi, 5 abano, 14 mgzavrTa sad- laqis mTeli vaWroba ebraelebisa da somxebis
gomi, 5 duqani, 37 qarxana (aguris qarxnebi, xelSi iyo. cotani iyvnen gorSi didi kapi-
tyavis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi da sxv.), 6 talis mflobeli vaWrebi. 1834 wlisaTvis mx-
samRebro, 1 fabrika. olod 7 vaWris wliuri kapitali Seadgenda
TbilisSi xelosnebad muSaobdnen: sax- 5.000 _20.000 vercxlis maneTs. gorSi kargad
elmwifo, saeklesio da sabatono glexebi, iyo ganviTarebuli mevaxSeoba. aRsaniSnavia,
aseve moqalaqeTa mcire nawili. 1834 wlisaT- rom mevaxSe procents xorbliTa da Rvini-
vis TbilisSi 38 amqari iyo aRricxuli, Tac iRebda, saSualod saprocento ganakve-
romelSic 1.266 xelosani muSaobda. es xelos- Tis 36 % naturiT ifareboda. 1834 wlisaTvis
nebi ocdaaTze met profesias flobdnen, ker- gorSi 134 daxli iyo aRricxuli, romelTa-
Zod, maT Soris iyvnen: qurqis mkeravi _ 24, gan samrewvelo saqonliT mxolod 40 vaWrob-
mkeravi _ 136, mesaaTe _ 5, oqromWedeli _ 5, da, danarCeni daxlebi sasoflo-sameurneo
meunagire _ 34, meCeqme _ 104, mRebavi _ 16, produqtsa da saojaxo moxmarebis sagnebs
vercxlis mWedeli _ 54, mepure _ 58, mWedeli yidda. qalaqSi moqmedebda 13 wisqvili, 1 aba-
_ 74, zeinkali _ 33, durgali _ 63, mSenebeli no, aguris 2 qarxana da 1 samRebro. gorelebi
80, feiqari 45 da sxv. Tbiliseli xelosnebi meTuneobasac misdevdnen.
profesiis mixedviT irCevdnen mamasaxliss an duSeTSi vaWroba kargad iyo ganviTa-
ustabaSs. xelosnebisagan gadasaxadebs kref- rebuli, myidveli aq qarTlis mTianeTidan,
da sami moqalaqe, romelTac erTi wlis vadiT kaxeTidan da qarTlis baridan modioda. du-
irCevdnen. Sel vaWrebs samrewvelo saqoneli ruseTidan
TbilisSi, garda xelosnebisa, didi ra- SemohqondaT. saqonlis wliuri brunva 1834
odenobiT cxovrobdnen droebiT (sezonurad) wlisaTvis 40.000 vercxlis maneTs udrida.
Camosulebi, romlebic metwilad mZime samuS- duSeTis vaWrobasTan mWidrod iyo dakavSire-
aos asrulebdnen. TbilisSi mcxovrebi saxa- buli ananurisa da axalgoris bazrebi. 1834
477
wlisaTvis duSeTSi iyo 213 saxli, 45 axali da idga. axalcixesTan mWidro kavSiri hqondaT
17 Zveli daxli. 16 daxli vaWrobda samrewve- Tbilisel somex vaWrebs, isini axalcixis gav-
lo saqonliT, danarCeni _ sasoflo-sameur- liT midiodnen yarsSi, baiazeTsa da xioSi.
neo da sxva produqtiT. am droisaTvis du- axalcixeSi SehqondaT samrewvelo saqoneli
SeTSi muSaobda 2 meCeqme, 1 mkeravi, 3 mequde, laifcigisa (germania) da niJni novgorodis
3 mWedeli, 2 vercxlis mWedeli, 10 feiqari. (ruseTi) bazrobebidan. 1832 wels osmaleTi-
TelavSi 1834 wels 492 saxli, 105 axali dan axalcixeSi 62.985 maneTis saqoneli Semoi-
daxli da 100 Zveli daxli iyo aRricxuli. tanes, gaitanes 36.000 maneTisa.
21 daxli samrewvelo saqonliT vaWrobda,_ 19 quTaisSi,, imereTis erTaderT qalaqSi,
quTaisSi
sakvebi produqtiT, 9 sxvadasxva sasmeliT, 11 1834 wlisaTvis 2.000 suli cxovrobda, guriis
sxvadasxva wvrilmaniT. mazris centrSi, ozurgeTSi _ 300, senakSi _
siRnaRSi 1834 wels 550 saxli da 52 dax- 500. 1825 wlisaTvis redut-kaleSi (yulevSi)
li iyo aRricxuli. 29 daxli ruseTidan Semo- 27 saxli da 13 daxli iyo aRricxuli, xolo
tanili saqonliT vaWrobda, 14 _ adgilobrivi mosaxleobis raodenoba 1.208 suls udrida.
saqonliT, 5 _ oqrosa da vercxlis nivTebiT, 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonma, romelic
4 _ sakvebi produqtiTa da RviniT. qalaqSi 50 samxreT kavkasiis administraciuli mmarT-
mkeravi, 20 meCeqme, 20 feiqari, 4 mRebavi, 13 velobis reformas iTvaliswinebda, mniS-
mWedeli da sxva profesiis ostati muSaobda, vnelovani cvlilebebi Seitana saqarTvelos
sul siRnaRSi 150 xelosani iyo aRricxuli. saqalaqo cxovrebaSi.
axalcixeSi 1834 wlisaTvis 2.734 saxli
478
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XXVI. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistemis reforma saqarTveloSi

(1840-1864 ww.)
saqarTvelosa da, saerTod, samxreT ka- daarsebuli iyo ruseTis sagubernio daweseb-
vkasiaSi (amierkavkasiaSi) rusuli mmarTv- ulebebi; imave brZanebiT, saqarTvelos samaz-
elobis meore periodi XIX saukunis 40-iani ro qalaqebSi dawesda samazro da saerobo sa-
wlebis damdegidan iwyeba da 60-iani wlebis samarTloebi, romelTac, rogorc sagubernio
Sua xanebamde grZeldeba, ufro zustad, igi dawesebulebebs, nabrZanebi hqondaT, sisxlis
iwyeba 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanoniT da 1841 samarTlis saqmeebi ewarmoebinaT ruseTis
wlis 1 ianvridan am kanonis amoqmedebiT da saxelmwifos kanonebis mixedviT, xolo samo-
mTavrdeba 1864 wels Tbilisis guberniaSi ba- qalaqo saqmeebi _ qarTuli kanonebisa da ada-
tonymobis gauqmebiT. esaa periodi, rodesac Tis Tanaxmad; magram dasaxelebuli samazro
samxedro mmarTveloba (samxedro-saokupacio dawesebulebebi arseboben mxolod Tbilissa
reJimi) TandaTan samoqalaqoTi Seicvala da da gorSi. danarCen qalaqebSi ki isini mous-
sakuTriv ruseTis guberniebis administraci- piaT mTavarsardlebs markiz pauluCisa da
ul mowyobas dauaxlovda. garkveviT unda rtiSCevs, romelTac amis sanacvlod SemouRi-
aRiniSnos, rom rusuli mmarTveloba saqa- aT saolqo sasamarTloebi. am ukanasknelTa
rTveloSi, rogorc srulyofili samoqalaqo xelSi moqceulia rogorc sasamarTlo, ise
xelisufleba, arasdros Camoyalibebula da sapolicio da sagamomZieblo uflebebi.
man samxedro-saokupacio mmarTvelobis zo- saolqo sasamarTlos wevrebi TviTon awar-
gierTi niSani araTu 1864 wlamde, aramed 1917 moeben gamoZiebas, TviTon ixilaven saqmeebs,
wlamdec SeinarCuna. TviTonve wyveten da TavianTi gadawyvetile-
bebi TviTonve mohyavT sisruleSi~.
meCnikovi da kutaisovi calke gamoyofen
§1. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistemis gardaqmnis saqarTvelos e.w. `TaTrul
`TaTrul distanciebSi~
distanciebSi~
cdebi (XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebi) (yazaxSi, SamSadiluSi, borCaloSi,
borCaloSi, SuragelSi,
amierkavkasiis (samxreT kavkasiis) da maT bambakSi) Seqmnil viTarebas: `TaTrul dis-
Soris saqarTvelos rusuli mmarTvelobis tanciebSi, romlebic agreTve Sedian saqarT-
sistemis gardaqmna, romelic sabolood XIX veloSi da samarTlis warmoebis mxriv Tbili-
saukunis 40-ian wlebSi ganxorcielda, sak- sis samazro sasamarTlos eqvemdebarebian,
maod rTuli gamodga. mmarTvelobis sistemis saerobo sasamarTloebis nacvlad, boqaulebi
gardaqmnisaTvis mzadeba didi xniT adre dai- arian dayenebuli. am boqaulebs,…imave umaR-
wyo, kavkasiis mTavarsardalma ivan paskeviCma lesi brZanebis Tanaxmad, distanciebis mar-
(1827-1831) 1829 wels saqarTvelos rusuli TvisaTvis gen.ermolovisagan micemuli aqvT
mmarTvelobis revizia moiTxova. 1829 wlis gaurkveveli da naklulevani instruqciebi,
31 agvistos paskeviCis Suamdgomlobis safuZ- ris gamoc dasaxelebuli boqaulebi am in-
velze revizorebad dainiSnen senatorebi struqciebs cvlian TavianTi gankargulebebiT~.
evgraf meCnikovi da pavel kutaisovi
kutaisovi.. 1829- meCnikovisa da kutaisovis mier Catare-
1830 wlebSi senatorebma sakmaod detalurad buli reviziis dros (1829-1830 ww.) imereTSi
Seiswavles rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema da jer kidev droebiTi mmarTveloba arsebobda.
1831 wels ruseTis imperators vrceli mox- imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba kidev ufro
seneba warudgines. moxsenebis saerTo azri uvargisi iyo, vidre qarTl-kaxeTisa. sena-
isaa, rom qarTl-kaxeTis rusuli mmarTv- torebis mier imperatorisadmi wardgenil
eloba ver amarTlebda Tavis daniSnulebas, moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia: ìmereTis marTva-
sistemaSi damkvidrebuli iyo usamarTloba, gamgeobisaTvis, romlis mosaxleoba 64.000
Zalmomreoba, korufcia da sxva boroteba. sulamdea, 1811 wels mTavarsardal tormaso-
senatorebi werdnen: `sakuTriv saqarTvelos vis mier Sedgenili iyo debuleba, romelic
(igulisxmeba qarTli da kaxeTi _ v.g.), romlis umaRlesad damtkicebulia. am debulebis
mosaxleoba 311.000-mde aRwevs, aqvs adgilo- Tanaxmad, nabrZanebi iyo imereTSi iseTive sa-
brivi...kanonebi, erT-erTi Tavisi winandeli gubernio dawasebulebebi daearsebinaT, ro-
mefis, vaxtangis, kanonebi... 1801 wlis 12 se- goric saqarTveloSi (igulisxmeba qarTl-kax-
qtembris umaRlesi brZanebiT saqarTveloSi eTi _ v. g.) iyo, xolo mazris ufrosebis nacv-
479
lad okrugis ufrosebi daeniSnaT. sisxlis weren: `gurias, romlis mosaxleoba 24.000-s
samarTlis saqmeebi aqac ruseTis kanonebis Seadgens, ganagebs adgilobriv TavadTa sabWo
mixedviT unda gadaewyvitaT, samoqalaqo saq- rusi samxedro piris meTaurobiT. es sabWo
meebi ki _ qarTuli kanonebis mixedviT. Sem- samoqalaqo saqmeebSi xelmZRvanelobs winan-
deg, rodesac es umaRlesad damtkicebuli de- deli samarTliTa(qarTuli samarTliT _ v. g.)
buleba ukve ganxorcielebas uaxlovdeboda, da adaTiT, xolo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs
meore mTavarsardalma saqarTveloSi, markiz wyvets samxedro sasamarTlo~; `samegrelosa
pauluCim, umaRles xelisuflebas moaxsena, da afxazeTs...romelnic ruseTis mfarvelo-
rom am debulebis cxovrebaSi gatareba ux- bis (unda iyos qveSevrdomobaSi _ v. g.) qveS
erxulobas iwvevda, ris gamoc imave 1811 wels imyofebian... marTaven maTi mTavrebi~.
pauluCis ebrZana moemzadebina da waredgina meCnikovi da kutaisovi adrianopolis
am sagnis Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazreba, xolo ma- zaviT (1829 w.) ruseTis imperiis Semadgenlo-
namde ki xsenebuli debulebis gatareba See-
Cerebina. pauluCis es mosazreba dRemdis
gansaxilvelad warmodgenili ar aris; nacv-
lad amisa ki mTavarsardal rtiSCevis mier
1814 wlidan imereTSi SemoRebulia droebiTi
mmarTveloba, romelsac imave mTavarsardlis
mier saxelmZRvanelod micemuli aqvs wesebi.
es wesebi SemdegSi ramdemjerme SeucvliaT,
ramdenjerme SeucvliaT TviT saxelwodeba
mmarTvelobisa da yvela es cvlileba arc
mefes moxsenebia da arc mmarTvel senats.
amJamad imereTs ganagebs igive droebiTi
mmarTveloba, romelsac 1814 wels safuZveli
Cauyara mTavarsardal rtiSCevis TviTnebo-
bam. am mmarTvelobaSi Tavmoyrilia sasamarT-
lo, samoqalaqo, aRmasrulebeli, safinanso
da sabaJo nawilic ki. samoqalaqo saqmeebs is
wyvets zogjer rusuli kanonebis, zogjer qa-
rTuli kanonebis, zogjer ki adaTebis mixed-
viT; sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi ganixileba
samxedro-sasamarTlo komisiis mier. imereTis
okrugebi eqvemdebareba okrugis ufrosebsa
da maT TanaSemweebs, romelTac miniWebuli evgraf meCnikovi
aqvT ufleba ganixilon samoqalaqo saqmee-
bic... yovelive es eqvamdebareba imereTis baSi Sesuli samcxe-saaTabagos teritoriis
mmarTvels samxedro generlebidan. imereTis nawilis axlad SemoRebul rusul mmarTv-
mmarTveli, iseve, rogorc mTavarsardali elobasac exebian: àxalcixesa da axalqalaqs,
saqarTveloSi (qarTl-kaxeTSi _ v. g.), war- romlebic axlaxan arian osmaleTisagan
smaleTisagan SeZe-
moadgens ukanasknel instancias, romelTanac nilni da romelTa mosaxleoba 38.000-mde aR-
SeiZleba mivides saCivari droebiTi mmarTv- wevs, ganagebs iq dawesebuli droebiTi mmarT-
elobis gadawyvetilebaze; amis gamo imereTis veloba~.
mosaxleobas hgonia, rom mTeli Zalaufle- saqarTvelos rusuli mmarTvelobis Ses-
ba iqauri mTavrobisa da saqarTvelos mTa- axeb zogadi suraTis warmodgenis Semdeg ev-
varsardlis xelSia da rom ar arsebobs sxva graf meCnikovi da pavel kutaisovi iZlevian
xelisufleba, romelsac SeuZlia aRniSnul saqarTvelosa da, saerTod, samxreT kavkasiis
Tanamdebobis pirTa (imereTis mmarTvelisa rusuli mmarTvelobis ufro detalur daxa-
da saqarTvelos mTavarsardlisa _ v. g.) moq- siaTebas. senatorebi weren kanonmdeblobaSi
medebis ukanonod miCneva.~ arsebul gaurkvevlobaze. moxsenebaSi vkiTx-
guriis, samegrelosa da afxazeTis sam- ulobT :~yvelgan sxvadasxvaobaa mmarTvelo-
Tavroebis Sesaxeb meCnikovi da kutaisovi baSi, yvelgan Tanamdebobis pirTa uflebebisa
480
vaxtang guruli
da movaleobebis gaurkvevlobaa, yvelgan ru- bis Tanxa miiTvises moxeleebma; ra raodeno-

suli kanonebis aRrevaa qarTul kanonebsa da bis Tanxa gaiflanga da ganiavda umiznod da
adaTebTan, zogan ki ar gaaCniaT arc pirveli umarTebulod. am Tanxis raodenoba aTeuli
da arc meore, ris gamoc sruli TviTnebo- milioni maneTiTT ganisazRvreboda.
baa saqmeebis gadawyvetaSi.~reviziis dros meCnikovisa da kutaisovis moxsenebaSi sa-
cxadi gamxdara saqmis warmoebaSi arsebuli gangebo adgili eTmoba samxreT kavkasiis ru-
darRvevebi: àrc erT saxelmwifo daweseb- suli mmarTvelobis sistemaSi mokalaTebuli
ulebaSi ar aris saqmis warmoebis formasa da moxeleebis mier Cadenil borotmoqmedebebs.
wesebSi aCrdilic ki im wesrigisa, romelic moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT: àmierkavkasiis mo-
dadgenilia kanoniT, zogierT dawesebulebaSi saxleobis Seviwroeba xdeboda jaris saWiroe-
maTi arawesierad mowyobis gamo, xolo zogi- bisaTvis gaweris wesiT xorblis SesyidviT.
erTSi _ moxeleTa uunarobisa da gamoucd- general sipiaginis samxedro gubernatorad
elobis gamo.~ didi gaugebroba da qaosi yo-
fila safinanso sistemaSi: `finansuri siste-
ma amierkavkasiisa iseTivea, rogoric iyo am
olqebis ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTebamde da
rogoric SemoRebuli iyo Tavis droze maSin-
deli mflobelebis mier. es sistema erTob sx-
vadasxvanairia: araTu TiToeul provinciaSi,
aramed TviToeul magalSic (sofeli, Temi _
v. g.) ki. mas aqvs Tavisi gansakuTrebuli xa-
siaTi. erTi-meoris mezoblad mcxovrebni ix-
dian sxvadasxvanair gadasaxads, erTni mets,
vidre meoreni, Tumca saxsrebi erTniri aqvT,
anda naklebic. zogierTni ki am gadasaxadebs
saerTod ar ixdian an imis gamo, rom isini
gaTavisuflebulni iyvnen winandeli mflo-
belebis mier, an imis gamo, rom isini iq momx-
dar areulobaTa Sedegad xelisuflebas
gamorCenili hyavs mxedvelobidan, an kidev,
imis gamo, rom mTavrobas ar aqvs swori cno-
bebi mosaxleobis raodenobis Sesaxeb.~
senatorebis moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia,
rom sruli qaosi iyo saqarTvelos saxazino
eqspediciaSi:: ~saqarTvelos saxazino eqspedi-
eqspediciaSi
ciaSi Sedgenili Semosavlebis garigeba imde-
nad arasworia, rom masSi ar aris TiTqmis arc pavel kutaisovi
erTi sagadasaxado muxli, romelsac SeeZlos
gadasaxadis namdvili raodenobis gansaz- yofnis dros xazinidan CareqixorblisaTvis
Rvra: zogi muxli Semosavals uCvenebs gac- mosaxleobas eZleoda 2-dan 3 maneTamde, ma-
ilebiT naklebs, vidre namdvilad aris, zogi Sin, rodesac bazarze es puri fasobda 7-dan
ki _ mets; zog SemTxvevaSi gadasaxadi sru- 10 maneTamde. bevrs arTmevdnen xorblis
liad gamotovebulia, anda Setanilia iseTi, ukanasknel marags, datovebuls sakuTari
romelic ar arsebobs... saqarTvelos saxa- ojaxis Sesanaxad da yanis dasaTesad. saxazino
zino eqspedicias 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi kon- glexebs aiZulebdnen miecaT xorbali samjer
troliori ar hyolia da mTeli es periodi meti raodenobiT, vidre danarCenebs. am xor-
saqarTvelos Sesanaxad Tanxebi uangariSod blis gadatana zogjer samasi versis manZilze
ixarjeboda. ase uangariSod da amgvarad dax- kidev ufro samZimo iyo mosaxleobisaTvis.~
arjulia 220.607.235 maneTi asignaciiT.~ moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom moxeleebi iT-
TavianT moxsenebaSi senatorebi visebdnen rogorc Cabarebuli xorblis, iseve
dawvrilebiT CamoTvlian: ra raodenobis fuladi gadasaxadis did nawils. vinme boqa-
Tanxa iyo ukanonod daxarjuli; ra raodeno- ulma qananovma akrefili fuladi gadasaxade-
481
bidan piradi saWiroebisaTvis moixmara 72.000 velos centraluri ruseTis guberniebTan

maneTi. gaTanabrebas. amasTan erTad, mazrebsa da gu-
moxseneba obieqturad warmoaCens berniebSi erTmaneTisagan gaimijneboda samx-
samxreT kavkasiisa da maT Soris saqarTvelos edro da samoqalaqo mmarTveloba.
rusul mmarTvelobaSi Seqmnil aranormalur paskeviCi, meCnikovi da kutaisovi sakmao
mdgomareobas, Rrmad fesvgadgmul usamarT- kategoriulobiT moiTxovdnen mTeli sisru-
lobas, Zalmomreobas, korufcias. amasTan liT gatarebuliyo cxovrebaSi yvelaferi,
erTad, meCnikovi da kutaisovi Seqmnili uaR- rasac isini aucileblad miiCnevdnen. miuxe-
resad mZime viTarebis mizezebis garkvevi- davad amisa, rogorc kavkasis mTavarsard-
sas, cxadia, Tavs ikaveben imis aRniSvnisa- lis, ise senatorebis moxsenebebs praqtikuli
gan, rom borotebis saTave ruseTis imperiis Sedegi ar mohyolia. ruseTis saimperatoro
centralur xelisuflebaSi iyo. nacvlad kari, centraluri xelisufleba cnobdnen
amisa, senatorebi miiCnevdnen, rom rusuli
amisa saqarTvelosa da mTeli samxreT kavkasiis ru-
mmarTvelobis mankierebebs ganapirobebda sul mmarTvelobaSi Seqmnil mZime viTarebas,
iyo is, rom jer kidev ar iyo gandevnili adgi- magram mdgomareobis gamosworebis aranairi
lobrivi samarTali da adgilobrivi elementi. gegma ar gaaCndaT. centralur xelisuflebas
senatorebis azriT, mdgomareoba erTxel da isic ki ar ucdia, rom rusul mmarTvelobaSi
samudamod gamoswordeboda mxolod im SemTx- Seqmnili katastrofuli viTarebis namdvili
vevaSi, Tu adgilobrivi mmarTveloba mTli- mizezebi daedgina. amis nacvlad xelisufle-
anad rusuli samarTlis da rusuli adminis- bam yvelaferi ase martivad axsna: saqarT-
traciuli praqtikis safuZvelze moewyoboda. veloSi rusuli mmarTvelobis mouwyoblobis
moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT: `Cven, ganvixileT ra mizezi, erTi mxriv, imaSi mdgomareobda, rom
qarTuli kanonebi, saWirod vcaniT maTi mo- saxelmwifo dawesebulebebi da Tanamdebobis
spoba da mTels amierkavkasiis mxareSi rusu- pirebi kanons arRvevdnen, xolo, meore mxriv
li kanonebis SemoReba~. evgraf meCnikovisa da ki, imaSi, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, ro-
pavel kutaisovis daskvnas savsebiT eTanxme- melic miCveuli iyo àziuraziur~ mmarTvelobas,
boda kavkasiis mTavarsardali ivan paskeviCi. Znelad iTvisebda èvropuli
evropuli~ mmarTvelobis
jer kidev senatorebis mier imperatorisadmi formebs, ver egueboda rusul kanonebs da
moxsenebis wardgenamde, 1830 wlis 24 aprils, cdilobda qarTuli samarTlis SenarCunebas.
paskeviCi nikolai I-s daJinebiT sTxovda: saqa- gamosavalic martivad ipoves: gadagvarebul
rTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiis mTel teri- Tanamdebobis pirTa da moxeleTa RirseuliT
toriaze SemoRebuli yofiliyo rusuli Canacvleba, qarTuli samarTlis moqmedebis
mmarTveloba da rusuli kanonebi; rusul samudamod Sewyveta.
mmarTvelobaSi Tanamdebobis pirebad ar dae- saqarTvelos rusuli mmarTvelobis
SvaT adgilobrivi elementi, rogorc `sru- gardaqmnis strategia ruseTis xelisufle-
liad usargeblo rusuli enis ucodinarobisa baSi eWvs ar iwvevda. azri orad mxolod am
da saqmeSi gamoucdelobis gamo.~ paskeviCis strategiis ganxorcielebis Sesabamisi taq-
azriT, yovelive es saswrafod unda ganx- tikis gansazRvrisas gaiyo: ivan paskeviCi, ev-
orcielebuliyo: `saqmis aseTi mdgomareo- graf meCnikovi da pavel kutaisovi mmarTv-
bis gamosworeba ar SeiZleba TandaTanobiT. elobis gardaqmnis daauyovnebliv da xisti
saWiroa erTi saerTo gankargulebiT ZirSive meTodebiT dawyebas uWerdnen mxars, xolo
aRikveTos boroteba... amisaTvis ki saWirod xelisufalTa meore nawili, maT Soris, ka-
da aucileblad mimaCnia SemoRebuli iqnes vkasiis axali mTavarsardali grigori rozeni
amierkavkasiis yvela provinciaSi ruseTis (1831-1837) xangrZliv periodze gaTvlili
mmarTveloba da kanonebi.~ frTxili moqmedebis momxre iyo.
rusuli mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis Tao- ivan paskeviCis Semdgomma kavkasiis mTa-
baze kavkasiis mTavarsardal ivan paskeviCisa varsardalma Ggrigori rozenma mTavarsard-
da senatorebis evgraf meCnikovisa da pavel lobis eqvsi weli mxolod imas moandoma, rom
kutaisovis Sexedulebani savsebiT daemTxva saqarTvelos rusul mmarTvelobaSi aranai-
erTmaneTs. samiveni miiCnevdnen, rom qar- ri cvlileba ar momxdariyo. erT-erT mox-
Tuli samarTlis gandevna da rusuli kanon- senebaSi Ggrigori rozeni ruseTis imperiis
mdeblobis damkvidreba daaCqarebda saqarT- samxedro ministrs swerda: ~imisaTvis, rom
482
vaxtang guruli
naxevrad veluri xalxebi ramdenadme mainc niSvnelod Sesworebuli paskeviCis proeqti

mieCvion samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis wesebs, daskvnisaTvis gadaeca ruseTis imperiis sax-
saWiroa ara axal-axali wesebis SemoReba, elmwifo sabWos sakanonmdeblo departa-
aramed ukve SemoRebulis ganmtkiceba, uwe- ments. departamentma proeqtis im nawilSi
sobaTa da borotmoqmedebaTa aRkveTisaTvis Seitana cvlileba, romelic àmierkavkasiis
saWiroa ara gardaqmnebi, aramed daucxrom- uzenaesi mTavrobis~ dawesebas exeboda. sax-
eli yuradReba da moqmedeba. am Sexedule- elmwifo sabWos azriT, uzenaesi mTavroba or
bidan gamomdinare, rozeni principulad ar dawesebulebad unda gayofiliyo: `àmierkavka-
amierkavka-
daeTanxma paskeviCis, meCnikovisa da kutaiso- siis uzenaes sasamarTlod
sasamarTlod~;; da àmierkavkasiis
àmierkavkasiis
vis Tvalsazriss. magaliTad, kavkasiis mTa- uzenaes mTavrobad
mTavrobad~.~. pirvels unda dakisre-
varsardali savsebiT ar iziarebda im azrs, boda sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo saq-
rom saqarTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiaSi meebis garCeva iseTive uflebebiT, rogoric
mTlianad gauqmebuliyo samxedro mmarTv-
eloba da mis nacvlad samoqalaqo SemoeRoT.
yovelgvari radikaluri reformis mowinaaR-
mdege grigori rozeni cdilobda umniSvne-
lo cvlilebebi gaetarebina. es cvlilebebi
umTavresad an arsebuli meorexarisxovani
dawesebulebebis gauqmeba-gadakeTebas Seexe-
boda, an gauqmebulis nacvlad isev meorex-
arisxovani dawesebulebis Seqmnas. magaliTad,
1832 wels gauqmda saqarTvelos samTo eqs-
pedicia da mis nacvlad saqarTvelos uzen-
aes mTavrobasTan Seiqmna samTo ganyofileba;
1833 wels TbilisSi daarsda manufaqturuli
mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis sazogadoeba. 1834
wels samxreT kavkasiaSi SemoRebuli iqna saa-
qcizo gadasaxadis erTiani sistema da daars-
da saaqcizo sammarTvelo; 1835 wels gauqmda
Tbilisis zarafxana da mis nacvlad gaixsna
sinjebis palata; 1836 wels TbilisSi daarsda
meabreSumeobisa da vaWrobis sazogadoeba,
aseve _ sagubernio-saaRmSeneblo komisia.
ivan paskeviCma, rogorc aRvniSneT, 1830
wlis 24 aprils imperator nikolai I-s wa- grigori rozeni
rudgina moxseneba. praqtikulad, es iyo
proeqti saqarTvelos samoqalaqo da admin- ruseTis imperiis mmarTvel senats gaaCnda;
istraciuli mowyobis Sesaxeb. am driosaTvis meores _ administraciuli funqciebis Ses-
evgraf meCnikovsa da pavel kutaisovs muS- ruleba iseTive uflebebiT, rogoric mini-
aoba dasrulebuli ar hqondaT da, amdenad, Webuli hqonda ruseTis imperiis ministrTa
imperatori maT Sexedulebebs ar icnobda. komitets. peterburgSi proeqtis ganxilva
amitom nikolai I-ma paskeviCs moxseneba ukan jer kidev ar iyo dasrulebuli, rodesac ivan
daubruna da ubrZana sakiTxi senatorebis paskeviCi Tbilisidan gaiwvies, raTa mas 1830-
monawileobiT ganexila. ganxilvisas gairkva, 1831 wlebSi poloneTSi mimdinare ajanyeba
rom paskeviCisa da senatorTa Sexedulebebs CaexSo. saxelmwifo sabWos sakanonmdeblo
Soris principuli gansxvaveba ar arsebobda. departamentma gadawyvita proeqti kavkasiis
paskeviCis proeqts daemata Txovna TbilisSi axali mTavarsardlis grigori rozenisaTvis
àmierkavkasiis
amierkavkasiis uzenaesi mTavrobis~
mTavrobis~ daarsebis gadaeca. sanam departamenti rozens proeqts
Sesaxeb, romelSic xuTi mudmivi wevri Se- gaugzavnida, igi ganxiluli iqna saxelmwifo
vidoda, mTavrobis Tavmjdomare ki kavkasiis sabWos saerTo sakrebuloSi, romelmac pro-
mTavarsardali unda yofiliyo. sabolood, eqtis rozenisaTvis gagzavna zedmetad miiC-
meCnikovisa da kutaisovis monawileobiT um- nia. amasTan erTad, gadawyda Seqmniliyo sa-
483
gangebo komiteti samxedro, finansTa, Sinagan proeqts gaecno da daadgina: samxreT kavka-
saqmeTa da iusticiis ministrebis Semadgen- siis rusuli mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis pro-
lobiT. komitets ufleba mieca, saWiroebis eqtis SemuSaveba Tavidan daewyoT. 1837 wels
SemTxvevaSi, axsna-ganmartebisaTvis miewvia gadawyda, TbilisSi gaegzavnaT axali komisia
senatorebi meCnikovi da kutaisovi. saxelm- erT-erTi senatoris TavmjdomareobiT. komi-
wifo sabWos saerTo sakrebulos azriT, sa- siaSi unda Sesuliyvnen Sinagan saqmeTa, samx-
gangebo komitets saboloo saxe unda mieca edro, finansTa da iusticiis saministroebis
proeqtisaTvis. sabWos daeTanxma imperatori TiTo warmomadgeneli. komisiis muSaobisaT-
da 1833 wlis ivlisSi peterburgSi daarsda vis Tvalyuri unda edevnebina amierkavkasiis
àmierkavkasiis
amierkavkasiis mxaris momwyobi sagangebo mxaris momwyob sagangebo komitets. komisiis
komiteti~. komitetis Tavmjdomared ruseTis
komiteti Tavmjdomared daniSnuli iqna senatori pavel
imperiis samxedro ministri aleqsandr Cerni- gani, xolo wevrebad _ _kvisti
kvisti (Sinagan saqmeTa
Sevi dainiSna. sagangebo komitetma ori weli saministrodan), kalinovski
kalinovski(finansTa
(finansTa saminis-
imuSava da 1835 wels proeqti saxelmwifo trodan), vronCenko (samxedro saministrodan)
sabWos warudgina gansaxilvelad. am proeqtis da nefedevi (iusticiis saministrodan). axali
mixedviT, amierkavkasiaSi unda daarsebuliyo komisiis daniSvna TiTqos imis maCvenebeli
Наместник)) Tanamdeboba, xolo
mefisnacvlis ((Наместник iyo, rom reformis mowinaaRmdege rozenma
mefisnacvalTan _ ``mTavari
mTavari sasamarTlo~
sasamarTlo~ da Tavisi gaitana, sinamdvileSi saqme ase ar iyo:
`mefisnacvlis
mefisnacvlis sabWo~.
sabWo . mTeli amierkavkasia senatori pavel gani da komisiis wevrebi prin-
(samxreT kavkasia) unda gayofiliyo or admin- cipulad ar iziarebdnen grigori rozenis
istraciul-teritoriul erTeulad: Savi zR- Sexdedulebebs da samxreT kavkasiis rusuli
vis guberniad da kaspiis guberniad
guberniad,, gubernie- mmarTvelobis reformas aucileblad miiC-
bi unda dayofiliyo mazrebad
mazrebad.. orive guber- nevdnen.
niaSi mxolod rusul kanonebs unda emoqmeda
da Tanamdebobis pirebic (moxeleebi)mxolod
rusebi unda yofiliyvnen. sagangebo komite-
§2. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistemis gardaqmna
tis azriT, proeqtis ganxilva saxelmwifo
(XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebi)
sabWoSi saboloo unda yofiliyo, magram es
ase ar moxda. saxelmwifo sabWos sxdomas Sem- samxreT kavkasiis rusuli mmarTvelobis
TxveviT daeswro grigori rozeni, romelic, gardaqmnis proeqtis SesamuSaveblad Seqmnili
rogorc aRvniSneT, reformis winaaRmdegi komisiis Tavmjdomare senatori pavel gani
gani,,
iyo. rozenma moiTxova, proeqti misTvis ga- evgraf meCnikovisa da pavel kutaisovisagan
daecaT winaswar gansaxilvelad da aucilebe- gansxvavebiT, imdenad zerele da qarafSuta
li cvlilebebis Sesatanad. saxelmwifo sabWo adamiani iyo, rom dakisrebuli movaleobis
winaaRmdegi iyo TbilisSi proeqtis ganxil- Sesruleba ar SeeZlo. gani kavkasiaSi saer-
visa, magram rozens proeqti mainc gadasces, Tod ar iyo namyofi da aqaur viTarebas ar
Tumca ara arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis, aramed icnobda. metic, mas rusuli kanonmdeblobisa
mxolod Tavisi azris gamoTqmisaTvis, isic da ruseTis imperiis administraciuli mowyo-
mxolod amierkavkasiis (samxreT kavkasiis) ad- bis Sesaxebac metad zerele warmodgena hqon-
ministraciuli dayofis Sesaxeb. da. tomiT ucxoeli da ucxoeTSi aRzrdili
amrigad, ivan paskeviCis, evgraf meCnikov- rusul enasac ki ver flobda xeirianad. amas-
isa da pavel kutaisovis mier Sedgenili pro- Tan erTad, senatori intrigebis xlarTvis
eqti mravalgzis gadakeTeba-Secvlis Semdeg ostati da gaiZvera adamiani iyo. miuxedavad
isev TbilisSi dabrunda. grigori rozeni xe- amisa, nikolai I da ruseTis imperiis yvela
laxla Seudga imis dasabuTebas, rom reforma ministri, garda saxelmwifo qonebaTa ministr
sulac ar iyo saWiro, xolo proeqtiT na- pavel kiseliovisa, mas mxars uWerda.
varaudevi reformebi ar Seefereboda adgi- pavel ganis komisia TbilisSi 1837 wlis
lobriv pirobebs. rozenma Tavgza aubnia ise- zafxulSi Camovida. am driosaTvis kavkasiis
dac dabneul xelisuflebas. gadawyvetilebis mTavarsardali jer kidev grigori rozeni
miReba Wianurdeboda, aSkara xdeboda, Se- iyo. komisias didi moculobis samuSao unda
Tanxmebis miRweva SeuZlebeli iqneboda. sax- Caetarebina, rac sakmaod xangrZliv dros
elmwifo sabWo rozenis mier gadamuSavebul moiTxovda. arc gani da arc misi komisiis
484
vaxtang guruli
wevrebi didi da damqancveli muSaobis Cat- gareSe amoqmedeba, aramed rusuli kanonebis,
arebas ar apirebdnen. gans surda proeqtis adgilobrivi samarTlisa da adaTebis erT-
Sedgena rac SeiZleba swrafad daesrule- drouli moqmedeba. samxreT kavkasiaSi ru-
bina da amiT imperatorisa da centraluri suli kanonebis sayovelTaod amoqmedebasa da
xelisuflebis keTilganwyoba moepovebina. rusuli dawesebulebebis SemoRebas e.i. saqa-
miznis misaRwevad senatorma samxreT kavka- rTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiis sxva nawilebis
siaSi Seqmnili viTarebis Seswavlas da Sesa- ruseTis Sida guberniebTan gaTanabrebas mx-
bamisi daskvnebis gakeTebas saerTod aarida ars uWerdnen kavkasiis mTavarsardali evge-
Tavi da mTlianad daeyrdno ivan paskeviCis, ni golovini, samxedro ministri aleqsandr
evgraf meCnikovisa da pavel kutaisovis mier CerniSevi, sagangebo komitetis wevri mixail
Segrovebul masalasa da daskvnebs. ganma isic pozeni da sxv. sagangebo komiteti Tavs ika-
ganWvrita, rom aucilebeli iyo kavkasiis mTa- vebda: vaiTu, ganis SemoTavazebulma refor-
varsardal grigori rozenis Tavidan mocile-
ba. es arc Tu ise advili saqme iyo, miuxedavad
amisa, senatorma ganzraxva sisruleSi mainc
moiyvana. 1837 wlis 7 oqtombers TbilisSi
Camovida imperatori nikolai I. ganma am Sem-
TxveviT isargebla da masTan moxerxebulad
daabezRa rozeni. imave wels rozeni gadaay-
enes da mis nacvlad kavkasiis mTavarsardlad
evgeni golovini (1837-1842) daniSnes. gans
xel-fexi gaexsna da Zalian male, 1838 wlis
TebervlisaTvis, misma komisiam muSaoba daas-
rula. Sedgenili proeqti amierkavkasiis mx-
aris momwyob sagangebo komitets waredgina.
senatori pavel gani davalebis swrafad da
`brwyinvaled~ SesrulebisaTvis uxvad daa-
jildoves. sagangebo komitetma samxreT ka-
vkasiis rusuli mmarTvelobis gardaqmnis Ses-
axeb evgeni golovinis azris gaTvaliswineba
saWirod CaTvala. ganis proeqtis ganxilvisas
gairkva, rom igi ver akmayofilebda mTel rig
moTxovnebs. proeqti safuZvlianad gaakri-
tika saxelmwifo qonebaTa marTvis ministrma evgeni golovini
pavel kiseliovma. igi amtkicebda, rom `mTe-
li mouwyobloba amierkavkasiisa samoqalaqo mam _ samxreT kavkasiaSi rusuli mmarTvelo-
mmarTvelobis nawilSi gamowveulia~rusuli bis mTlianad SemoRebam_ ruseTis batonoba
kanonebis ìq naadrevad SetaniT~. 1839 wlis kavkasiaSi ki ar ganamtkicos, aramed Seary-
dasasruls ganis proeqti daskvnisaTvis ev- ioso. amasTan dakavSirebiT ganis ganmarteba
geni golovins gadaeca, romelsac proeqti aradamajereblad miiCnia pavel kiseliovma.
sagangebo komitetis wevr mixail pozenis miuxedavad amisa, sagangebo komitetma 1840
monawileobiT unda Seesworebina. ganma poze- wlis 22 ianvars pavel ganis proeqti xmebis
nis gadabireba SeZlo, daiTanxma golovinic umravlesobiT moiwona, xolo 1840 wlis 10
da proeqti umniSvnelo cvlilebebis Setanis aprils proeqti saxelmwifo sabWom daamt-
Semdeg sagangebo komitets daubrunda. gani kica. proeqtiT gansazRvruli reformebis
mTeli kategoriulobiT moiTxovda, saqa- gatareba nikolai I-ma pavel gansa da evgeni
rTvelosa da mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi ru- golovins daavala. reformis ganxorcielebi-
suli kanonebisa da rusuli dawesebulebebis saTvis Tvalyuri unda edevnebina amierka-
yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe SemoRebas. vkasiis mxaris momwyob sagangebo komitets
komitets..
senatori amtkicebda, rom rusul mmarTvelo- pavel ganis proeqtis safuZvelze Sedgenili
baSi arev-darevasa da qaoss Seitanda ara ru- da damtkicebuli kanoni ZalaSi 1841 wlis
suli kanonebis sayovelTaod, gamonaklisis 1 ianvridan Sevida. kanoni Seicavda: 1. deb-
485
ulebas amierkavkasiis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb mTavarmmarTveli, Tbilisis samxedro guber-

am mmarTvelobis StatiTurT; 2.debulebas natori da mTavarmarTvelobis sabWo. mTavarm-
Tbilisis saqalaqo mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb; 3. marTveli iyo pirveli da uzenaesi xelisu-
debulebas saerobo begaris Sesaxeb; 4. deb- fali. is ganagebda samxreT kavkasiaSi yvela
ulebas kavkasiaSi momsaxure moxeleTaTvis saqmes, rogorc samoqalaqos, ise samxedros.
upiratesobebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. mTavarmmarTveli uflebrivad ruseTis Sida
amierkavkasiis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb guberniebis general-gubernatorebTan iyo
debulebis mixedviT, mTeli samxreT kavkasia gaTanabrebuli. general-gubernatorebisagan
iyofoda or administraciul erTeulad:1. gansxvavebiT, amierkavkasiis mTavarmmarTv-
saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniad,
guberniad, romelSic els miniWebuli hqonda Semdegi uflebebi: 1.
qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTisa da guriis garda, SeeZlo Seecvala an gaeuqmebina sagubernio
somxeTis teritoria(erevnis olqi) Sedioda; dawasebulebaTa dadgenilebebi, piradi pasux-
2. kaspiis olqad
olqad,, romelic yofili azerbai- ismgeblobiT gamoeca da sisruleSi moeyvana
januli saxanoebs(ganjis, naxWevnis, TaliSis, gankargulebebi, yoveli gankargulebis gamo-
yarabaRis, baqos da sxv.) anu samxreT kavkasiis cemisTanave unda ecnobebina imperatorisaT-
aRmosavleT nawils moicavda. vis; 2. SeeZlo ar dasTanxmeboda mcire mniSvn-
saqarTvelo-imereTis gubernia 11 maz- elobis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze sasamarT-
rad iyofoda. es mazrebi iyo: Tbilisis, go- los mier gamotanil ganaCens da Tavisi Sexed-
ris, Telavis, belaqnis anu zaqaTalis, elizave- ulebisamebr Seerbilebina damnaSavisaTvis
topolis, aleqsandropolis, erevnis, naxWev- sasjeli; 3.aSkara borotmoqmedebis aRmoCenis
nis, axalcixis, quTaisis, guriis. yoveli mazra an sxva sagangebo SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqme
iyofoda ubnebad. Tbilisis mazraSi Sedioda dayovnebas ar iTmenda, SeeZlo gadaeyenebina
oTxi ubani: Tbilisis, duSeTis, mTisa da bor- Tanamdebobis piri, ris Sesaxebac dauyovne-
Calosi; goris mazraSi _ xuTi: xidisTavis, qs- bliv unda ecnobebina imperatorisaTvis; 4.
nis, suramis, oseTis I da oseTis II; Telavis maz- SeeZlo Tavisi gankargulebiT moewvia saqa-
raSi _ eqvsi: Telavis, TuSeTisa da xevsureTis, rTvelo-imereTis guberniis Tavadaznauro-
fSavis, yvarlis, Siraqisa da siRnaRis
siRnaRis;; belaq- bis kreba da Caetarebina arCevnebi;
nis anu zaqaTalis mazraSi _ sami: belaqnis, Tbilisis samxedro gubernatori iyo
eniselisa da elisus
elisus;; elizavetopolis mazra- mTavarmarTvelobis meore xelisufali. mas
Si _ oTxi: elizavetopolis, yazaxis, SamSadi- ruseTis Sida guberniebis samxedro guber-
lusa da airumis
airumis;; aleqsandropolis mazraSi natorebis uflebebi hqonda miniWebuli. am-
sami: Suragelis, walkisa da bambakis. erevnis ierkavkasiis mTavarmmarTvelis aryofnis Sem-
mazraSi _ xuTi: gogCis, zangibasaris, Saruris, TxvevaSi mis movaleobas Tbilisis samxedro
sardarabadisa da surmalis; naxWevnis mazraSi gubernatori asrulebda.
_ sami: naxWevnis, ordubadisa da daralagezis
daralagezis;; mTavarmarTvelobis sabWoSi Sediodnen:
axalcixis mazraSi sami: axalcixis, xerTvi- mTavarmmarTveli (Tavmjdomare), Tbilisis
sisa da abasTumnis
abasTumnis;; quTaisis mazraSi _ eqvsi: samxedro gubernatori da sabWos wevrebi,
quTaisis, vakis, sabekis, Sorapnis, saCxerisa da romelTac ruseTis imperatori niSnavda.
raWis; guriis mazraSi _ ori ubani: ozurge- sabWos movaleobas Seadgenda: 1. daweseb-
Tisa da akeTis
akeTis. ulebaTa kontroli da revizia, maTi wli-
afxazeTi, samegrelo da svaneTi, Tumca uri angariSebis ganxilva, prokurorTa da
teritoriulad saqarTvelo-imereTis guber- kerZo pirTa saCivrebis garCeva da Semow-
nias miekuTvnebodnen, magram samarTlebrivad meba; 2. kanonis aRsrulebis dros warmoqm-
avtonomiur samTavroebs warmoadgendnen, nil gaugebrobaTa da dabrkolebaTa Sesaxeb
romelTac mTavrebi ganagebdnen. axsna-ganmartebis micema, instruqciebisa
samxreT kavkasiis rusuli administraci- da saxelmZRvaneloebis gamocema, arsebuli
uli mmarTveloba sami safexurisagan (instan- kanonebis damatebaTa da cvlilebaTa pro-
ciisagan) Sedgeboda: mTavarmarTveloba, sagu- eqtis SemuSaveba da centraluri xelisu-
bernio marTveloba, samazro marTveloba. flebisaTvis wardgena; 3. saqalaqo, saerobo
mTavarmarTveloba warmoadgenda admin- da sxva Semosaval-gasavalTa, gadasaxadTa
istraciuli mmarTvelobis pirvelpirvel,, umaRles, da xarjTaRricxvis damtkiceba; 4. Tanxis
safexurs. masSi Sediodnen: amierkavkasiis raodenobis miuxedavad,saxazino ijaraTa
486
vaxtang guruli
da kontraqtebis ganxilva da damtkiceba; 5. ruleSi moeyvana sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-

calkeul gvarTa wodebriv uflebaTa sakiTx- bebi. ubnis msajuli ubnis teritoriaze imave
is ganxilva da sxv. mTavarmarTvelobis sabWo funqciebs asrulebda, rasac mazris ufrosi
uSualod mmarTvel senats emorCileboda. mazraSi, Tumca zogierTi SezRudviT. ubnis
sagubernio mmarTveloba warmoadgenda msajuls SeeZlo gaerCia qurdobisa da TaR-
mmarTvelobis meore
meore,, ufro dabal instan- liTobis saqme mxolod 10 maneTis farglebSi,
cias. sagubernio mmarTvelobaSi Sediodnen: sarCeli _ 5 maneTis farglebSi da sxv. ubnis
1. samoqalaqo gubernatori; 2. sagubernio msajulis umTavres movaleobas ki warmoad-
sammarTvelo; 3. saxazino palata; 4. sisxlis genda yovelgvari begaris droulad Ses-
samarTlisa da samoqalaqo saqmeTa palata; 5. ruleba da gadasaxadis akrefaze mkacri kon-
saxelmwifo qonebaTa palata; 6. sazogadoe- troli. saqalaqo policia sxvadasxva qalaqSi
brivi mzrunvelobis prikazi; 7. saTavadaznau- sxvadasxvanairi iyo. did qalaqebSi sapoli-
ro sadeputato sakrebulo; 8. saprokuroro cio samsaxurSi Sediodnen: policmaisteri,
nawili. sagubernio mmarTvelobas miekuTvne- sagamomZieblo boqaulebi, kerZo boqaulebi,
boda kidev ramdenime samsaxuri: saaRmSene- qalaqis mosaxleobis wodebaTa deputatebi
deputatebi;;
blo komisia, saerobo begaraTa komiteti, saSualo qalaqebSi _ gorodniCi, kerZo boqa-
statistikuri komiteti, yvavilis(infeqciuri ulebi, qalaqis mosaxleobis wodebaTa depu-
daavadebis _ v.g.) amcreli komiteti, ar- tatebi;; mcire qalaqebSi _ gorodniCi, kvart-
tatebi
qivi, stamba, saeqimo sammarTvelo da miwis lis zedamxedvelebi, qalaqis mosaxleobis wo-
mzomelebi. saxazino palataSi ganyofilebis debaTa deputatebi;
deputatebi; StatgareSe (statusgar-
uflebiT Sedioda samTo ganyofileba, eSe) datovebul qalaqebsa da dabebSi _ ubnis
romelsac dakisrebuli hqonda saaqcizo msajulebi da kvartlis zedamxedvelebi.
zedamxedvelebi. saqa-
nawilis xelmZRvaneloba. sagubernio mmarT- laqo policiis ufleba-movaleoba saqarT-
velobaSi Semavali yvela es dawesebuleba veloSi iseTive iyo, rogoric saerTod ru-
uSualod emorCileboda samoqalaqo guberna- seTis imperiaSi. ruseTis saimperio kanonebis
tors, xolo sabolood _ mTavarmmarTvels. safuZvelze ewyoboda samazro sasamarTloebi
TiToeul maTgans iseTive ufleba-movaleoba da xazinebi. samazro sasamarTloebSi unda
gaaCnda, rogoric ruseTis Sida guberniebis gaerCiaT ara marto soflis mcxovrebTa, ar-
sagubernio dawesebulebebsa da Tanamdebobis amed qalaqis mcxovrebTa saqmeebic, radgan
pirebs. yovelgvari gamonaklisi, romelic wi- debulebiT saqalaqo mmarTvelobis (magi-
naT saqarTvelosaTvis iyo daSvebuli, amieri- stratis) SemoReba gaTvaliswinebuli ar iyo.
dan gauqmebulad iTvleboda. mazris sasamarTloebis gverdiT Tavadazn-
samazro mmarTveloba warmoadgenda aurobis saqmeTa gasarCevad calke unda ar-
mmarTvelobis, umdables instancias. samazro sebuliyo gansakuTrebuli sasamarTlo _ sa-
mmarTvelobaSi Sediodnen: 1.mazris ufrosi Tavadaznauro meurveoba. saTavadaznauro
da misi TanaSemwe; 2. mazris ubnebis msajule- meurveobis ufleba-movaleoba ruseTis impe-
bi; 3. saqalaqo policia; 4.samazro sasamarT- riis kanonmdeblobiT iyo gansazRvruli.
loebi; 5. samazro xazina; 6. mazris prokuro- saqalaqo mmarTvelobis SemoReba kanoniT
rebi; garda amisa, yvela mazraSi iniSneboda mxolod TbilisisaTvis iyo gaTvaliswinab-
erTi eqimi da ramdenime dabali moxele. maz- uli. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Tbilisis
ris ufrosi umaRlesi Tanamdebobis piri iyo saqalaqo mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb calke de-
mazraSi. mazraSi igi ganagebda yvela saqmes, buleba iyo damtkicebuli. am debulebiT,
magram aranairi gavlena ar hqonda samazro TbilisSi unda Seqmniliyo ``sazogadoebrivi
sazogadoebrivi
sasamarTloebSi saqmis mimdinareobasa da ga- saqalaqo mmarTveloba~,
mmarTveloba~, romelSic Sediodnen
naCenis gamotanaze. mazris ufrosis uflebe- qalaqisTavi da 6 xmosani
xmosani(wevri).
(wevri). qalaqisTavs
bi marTlmsajulebis sferoSi mcire mniSvn- irCevda mTeli mosaxleoba, xolo xmosnebs
elobis saqmeebis garCeviT Semiofargleboda. _ sami mTavari wodeba: mesakuTreni, vaWrebi,
saxeldobr, mas ufleba hqonda: 1. gaerCia xelosnebi (TiToeuli or-or xmosans). garda
qudrobisa da TaRliTobis Sesaxeb saqmeebi 25 amisa, samive wodeba saxazino da sxva begaris
maneTis farglebSi; 2.daepatimrebina borot- ganawilebaSi monawileobis misaRebad irCev-
moqmedebi; 3. gaerCia da gadaewyvita yovel- da 30 kacs (TiToeuli wodeba aT-aT kacs).
gvari sarCeli 15 maneTis farglebSi; 4.sis- saqalaqo mmarTvelobis dadgenilebaTa sis-
487
ruleSi mosayvanad unda aerCiaT ustabaSebi lebSi ulmoblad dagvcinoda Cven mTels ev-
da maTi TanaSemweebi. qalaqis mmarTvelobas ropaSi.~
evaleboda zrunva Tbilisis keTilmowyobaze, 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanoni, rogorc ze-
mcxovrebTa sursaTiT momaragebaze, vaWrobis moT aRvniSneT, 1841 wlis 1 ianvridan Sevida
organizebaze, wesrigis dacvaze, gadasaxadebis ZalaSi. reformis ganxorcielebis dawyebidan
ganawilebasa da akrefaze. Tbilisis saqalaqo Seqmnili mZime viTarebis Sesaxeb kavkasiis
mmarTveloba saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniis mTavarsardali evgeni golovini periodulad
mmarTvelobas eqvemdebareboda. moaxsenebda nikolai I-s. es mimowera konfi-
aseTi iyo rusuli mmarTvelobis is dencialuri iyo da mas mxolod imperatori
sistema, romelic 1840 wlis 10 aprilis ka- da misi uaxloesi garemocva icnobda. impera-
noniT unda damkvidrebuliyo saqarTveloSi. tori ukmayofilebas ver malavda. nikolai I
es sistema Tavisi arsiT iseTive iyo, rogoric gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda
ukve arsebobda ruseTis imperiis Sida gu- mas Semdeg, rac kavkasiaSi mogzaurobidan da-
berniebSi. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonis amo- brunebulma grafma siuzenem 1841 wels evro-
qmedeba adgilobrivi Taviseburebebisa da pis presaSi werilebi gamoaqveyna da saqarT-
atributebis mospobas moaswavebda, qarTuli veloSi mimdinare reforma metad muq ferebSi
samarTali saerTod ganidevna sasamarTlo warmoadgina. aRSfoTebulma imperatorma Se-
sistemidan. sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom qmnil viTarebaSi gasarkvevad TbilisSi moav-
saqarTvelosa da, saerTod, samxreT kavkasi- lina samxedro ministri aleqsandr CerniSevi
is administraciuli dayofis dros sruliad da amierkavkasiis mxaris momwyobi sagangebo
ar miuRiaT mxedvelobaSi araTu mosaxleo- komitetis wevri mixail pozeni
pozeni.. pozeni peter-
bis erovnuli Semadgenloba, aramed politi- burgidan 1842 wlis Tebervlis damlevs gamo-
kuri leqsikonidan da praqtikidan sruliad emgzavra, xolo CerniSevi _ aprilis damdegs.
gaaZeves istoriul-geografiuli termino- arc CerniSevi da arc pozeni dainteresebuli
logia, garda saqarTvelo-imereTis guber- ar iyvnen Seqmnili mdgomareobis mizezebis
niis saxelwodebisa. TavisTavad, es saxelwo- garkvevaSi. jer erTi, oriveni pavel ganis
debac sagangebod xelovnurad, politikuri proeqtis momzadebaSi monawileobdnen da
mizniT iyo Seqmnili da xazs usvamda imas, rom meorec, oriveni ganis axlo megobrebi iyvnen.
TiTqos imereTs saqarTvelos tolfasi mniS- miuxedavad amisa, mosaxleobis ukmayofilebis
vneloba hqonda! savsebiT miCqmalva maT ver gabedes da im-
1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonis safuZvelze peratorisaTvis wardgenil moxsenebaSi saq-
saqarTveloSi rusuli mmarTvelobis mowyobam mis faqtobrivi mxare ase Tu ise warmoaCines.
mosaxleobis yvela fenis didi ukmayofileba reformiT gamowveuli ukmayofilebis safuZ-
gamoiwvia. reformis SedegebiT SeSfoTebuli vlian axsnas pozenma gverdi moxerxebulad
iyo TviT kavkasiis mTavarsardali evgeni go- auara, magram sakmaod damajereblad aCvena
lovini da koloniuri administraciis sxva misi uvargisoba. pozeni werda, rom refor-
Tanamdebobis pirebi. ruseTis imperiis ofi- mam, marTalia, bolo mouRo winandel TviT-
cialuri istoriografiis cnobili warmo- nebobas da uyairaTobas mmarTvelobis yvela
madgeneli da kavkasiaSi rusuli mmarTvelo- dargSi, magram man samxreT kavkasiis sxvadasx-
bis istoriis cnobili mkvlevari v.n. ivanenko va xalxs ver moutana sasurveli sargebloba.
wers: ~reformam sayovelTao drtvinva gamoi- pozeni Tvlida, rom mmarTvelobis sistema
wvia, Cioda xalxi, Ciodnen moxeleni, Cioda da erTob gaarTula policiisagan sasamarTlos
sasowarkveTilebas eZleoda TviT golovini. gamoyofam, orjer gaizarda moxeleTa ricx-
saSinelma formalizmma moicva mTeli saxelm- vi. pozens aseTi statistikuri monacemi mo-
wifo sistema, veravin bedavda ubnis msajulis hyavda: reformamde, 1839 wels, sasamarTlo
gareSe Txovna gadaeca mazris ufrosisaT- saqmeebis ricxvma 241-s miaRwia, 1841 wels
vis... yvelgan yaCaRTa brboebi gaCnda. aSkara _4846-s; samxreT kavkasiis samoqalaqo mmarTv-
yaCaRi sasamarTlodan gamarTlebuli gamo- elobis xarjebma 1,5 milioniT gadaaWarba yve-
dioda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli borotmo- la adgilobriv Semosavals erTad aRebuls.
qmedebis damamtkicebeli formaluri sabuTis pozeni daaskvnida, rom, miuxedavad gaweuli
uqonlobis gamo... amave dros, grafi siuzane, xarjebisa, xalxi ukmayofilo iyo rogorc
romelic kavkasiaSi mogzaurobda, Tavis weri- policiiT, ise sasamarTloTi, mmarTvelo-
488
vaxtang guruli
bis yvela sferoSi imata borotmoqmedebam. bam ramdenime weli imuSaves da 1840 wlis 10
surda Tu ara, mixail pozens Tavisi azri aprilis kanonSi Sesworebebi da cvlilebebi
mainc unda gamoeTqva reformiT gamowveuli Seitanes. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca
ukmayofilebis konkretuli mizezebis Ses- sasamarTloebSi saqmeebis ganxilvis uazrod
axebac. ukmayofilebis mizezi, pozenis az- gaWianurebas. jer kidev 1842 wlis aprilSi
riT, SemdegSi mdgomareobda: 1. ruseTis Sida TbilisSi movlinebul samxedro ministr ale-
guberniebidan gadmoRebuli mmarTvelobis qsandr CerniSevs imperatorma ufleba misca,
formebi da dawesebulebebi ar Seefereboda moqmed kanonSi Sesworebebisa da cvlilebebis
mosaxleobis moqalaqeobriobis dones; 2. mo- Setanamde piradi brZanebiT Seecvala mTeli
saxleobas hqonda mmarTvelobis formebTan rigi adgilebi rusuli mmarTvelobis moqmed
SeuTavsebeli warmodgenebi da zne-Cvevebi; 3. debulebaSi. aleqsandr CerniSevma brZaneba
mmarTveloba ZiriTadad gamoixateboda imaSi, gasca, samazro sasamarTloebs umaRles in-
rom dawesebulebebi formalurad icavdnen stanciaSi gadatanis gareSe ganexilaT yovel-
kanonebsa da wesebs, awarmoebdnen mimoweras, gvari sadavo saqme 200 maneTis farglebSi,
moxeleebi umaRlesi instanciidan umdablesa- mazris ufrosebsa da policmaisterebs _ 100
mde mxolod qaRaldebis gagzavniT iyvnen da- maneTis farglebSi, xolo gorodniCebsa da
kavebulni. ubnis msajulebs _ 30 maneTis farglebSi. amave
mixail pozenis moxsenebam da saerTod, dros, CerniSevma kavkasiis mTavarsardal ev-
reformis garSemo Seqmnilma uaryofiTma az- geni golovins daavala dauyovnebliv Sesd-
rma nikolai I aiZula Seecvala Tavisi keTil- gomoda yovel qalaqsa da ubanSi sityvieri
ganwyoba pavel ganisa da 1840 wlis 10 aprilis (zepiri) sasamarTloebis mowyobas. sityvier
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli reformis mimarT. sasamarTloebs unda gaerCiaT yovelgvari
pozenis moxseneba imperatorma samxedro min- samoqalaqo saqme Tanxis miuxedavad adgilo-
istr aleqsandr CerniSevs gaugzavna Semdegi brivi samarTlisa da adaTis mixedviT, magram
rezoluciiT: `SeuZlebelia am moxsenebis gu- im pirobiT, Tu momCivanica da mopasuxec
listkivilis gareSe wakiTxva. ase maxinjdeba Tanaxma iqnebodnen. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
mTavrobis keTili zraxvebi im pirTa mier, maT ufleba hqondaT miemarTaT oficialuri
romelTa azrsa da gamocdilebas TiTqos sasamarTlosaTvis. sityvieri sasamarTlos
SeiZleba daeyrdno. saWiroa es moxseneba Tavmjdomared qalaqis an ubnis msajuli unda
waredginos ministrTa komitets, raTa yvela yofiliyo, imis mixedviT, Tu sad iyo es sa-
misi wevri darwmundes... baron ganis Seuwyn- samarTlo mowyobili _ qalaqSi Tu ubanSi.
arebel usafuZvlobaSi, im ganisa, romlis am- sasamarTlos wevrebs mosaxleoba irCevda.
partavnobam SecdomaSi Seiyvana mTavroba da evgeni golovinma sityvieri sasamarTlos
axla ki aiZulebs mas dauyovnebliv Seudges daarsebis saqmes Tavi ver gaarTva. 1843 wlis
jer kidev axlaxan damtkicebulis gauqmebas.~ dasasrulisaTvis gairkva, rom sityvieri sa-
male mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda marTlac samarTlos daniSnuleba sxvadasxvagvarad
Sesdgomoda 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonis Tu esmodaT saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniis
savsebiT gauqmebas ara, safuZvlian Seswore- mmarTvelobas da mazris ufrosebs. gansxvave-
bas mainc. 1842 wlis 10 agvistos brZanebiT buli Sexedulebidan umravlesoba ar eTanxme-
nikolai I-ma amierkavkasiis (samxreT kavkasiis) boda aleqsandr CerniSevis mier evgeni golo-
administraciuli mmarTvelobis reformis vinisaTvis micemul instruqcias. sxvadasx-
momzadeba amierkavkasiis mxaris momwyob sa- vagvarad gagebul sakiTxTa Soris erT-erTi
gangebo komitetsa da imperatoris kancel- umTavresi iyo sityvieri sasamarTlos Tavm-
ariis VI ganyofilebas daavala. sagangebo jdomaris sakiTxi _ vin unda yofiliyo igi:
komitets unda moemzadebina sakanonmdeblo mTavrobis moxele, adgilobrivi aznauri Tu
cvlilebebi, xolo VI ganyofilebas am cvli- ubralo moqalaqe? erTi azri ver Seiqmna imis
lebebis safuZvelze kanonisaTvis saboloo Sesaxebac, ra Tanxis da rogori saqmeebi unda
saxe unda mieca. 1842 wels nikolai I-ma kavka- ganexila sityvier sasamarTlos, sad unda ga-
siis mTavarsardali evgeni golovini Tanamde- saCivrebuliyo misi ganaCeni.
bobidan gadaayena da mis nacvlad aleqsandr TbilisSi Camosulma aleqsandr CerniSev-
neidgardti (1842-1844) daniSna. ma policiuri da administraciuli uflebebis
sagangebo komitetma da VI ganyofile- gazrdis mizniT ramdenime RonisZieba gaata-
489
ra. 1842 wels man gadaayena pavel ganis mier gamoiRo. mosaxleoba kvlav ukmayofilo rCe-
mazris ufrosebad daniSnuli moxeleebi da boda imiT, rom saqarTvelos marTva-gamgeoba
maT nacvlad yvelgan kadris samxedro pirebi, ucxo kanonebisa da wesebis, ucxo enisa da
Stabis oficrebi, daniSna. axladdaniSnul maz- adaTis safuZvelze xorcieldeboda. mas mZime
ris ufrosebs ufleba miecaT, mazraSi yvela tvirTad awva administraciis Sesanaxi xarje-
administraciul Tanamdebobaze(gorodniCad, bic. am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani cvlile-
msajulad da sxv.) Tavad daeniSnaT saku- bebi, ufro zustad, taqtikuri cvlilebebi
Tari kandidatebi. mazris ufrosebs SeeZloT mmarTvelobis reformis ganxorcielebaSi,
ganexilaT da saboloo gadawyvetileba mi- kavkasiis mefisnacvlad mixail voroncovis
eRoT qurdobisa da TaRliTobis saqmeebze (1844-1854) daniSvnis Semdeg daiwyo.
100 maneTis farglebSi. 1844 wlamde kavkasias (samxreT da Crdi-
sruliad SeuTavsebeli iyo adgilobriv lo kavkasias) kavkasiis mTavarsardali ga-
pirobebTan saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniis nagebda. 1844 wels nikolai I-ma gadawyvita
Seqmna da misi mazrebad dayofa: mazrebs Soris kavkasiis umaRles samxedro da samoqalaqo
umravles SemTxvevaSi aranairi kavSiri ar ar- Tanamdebobaze ara kavkasiis mTavarsardali,
sebobda, araviTari saerTo ar hqonda mazris aramed kavkasiis mefisnacvali (mefis moadg-
mosaxleobas enis, aRmsareblobis, kulturis, ile) daeniSna. mefisnacvali umaRlesi samx-
zne-Cveulebis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, edro da samoqalaqo Tanamdebobis pirs war-
erTmaneTisagan kardinalurad gansxvavde- moadgenda. mefisnacvali imavdroulad kavka-
boda erevnisa da quTaisis, guriisa mazrisa siis calke korpusis mTavarsardalic iyo.
da naxWevnis mazrebis mosaxleoba. mosaxleo- kavkasiis mTavarsardali, faqtobrivad, ruse-
bisaTvis Zalze mouxerxebeli iyo uzarmaz- Tis Sida guberniebis general-gubernatoris
ari teritoriis erT guberniad gaerTianeba: uflebebiT sargeblobda. igi uwyebriv daqvem-
ugzooba, mimosvlis saSualebaTa uqonloba, debarebaSi iyo, anu sxvadasxva Sinaarsisa da
sayovelTao siRaribe aucileblobis Sem- mniSvnelobis sakiTxs moaxsenebda ara mTav-
TxvevaSic ki arTulebda, xolo xSirad Seu- robis Tavmjdomares an imperators, aramed
Zlebels xdida Soreuli mazridan TbilisSi ministrebs. ministri sakiTxs ganixilavda da
Casvlas. am fonze aRmocenebul mosaxleobis miRebul gadawyvetilebas acnobebda kavkasiis
ukmayofilebas yuradReba miaqcia 1842 wels mTavarsardals. TavisTavad, ministrs SeeZlo
TbilisSi Camosulma aleqsandr CerniSevma. kavkasiis mTavarsardlis mier dayenebuli
centraluri xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, sakiTxi mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris an impera-
zogierTi cvlileba Seetana saqarTvelosa torisaTvisac ki moexsenebina, magram pasuxs
da samxreT kavkasiis administraciul dayo- kavkasiis mTavarsardali mTavrobis Tavmjdo-
faSi: belaqnis mazra 1843 wels calke olqad marisa Tu imparatorisagan ar iRebda, mTav-
gamoiyo, xolo 1844 wels samxedro olqad robis Tavmjdomare an imperatori ministrs
gardaiqmna; Tbilisis, gorisa da Telavis maz- acnobebda Tavis gadawyvetilebas, ministri
rebidan 1844 wels calke samxedro olqad ki _ kavkasiis mTavarsardals. mefisnacvali,
gamoiyo TuS
TuS-fSav-xevsureTi
fSav-xevsureTi;; 1844 wels go- kavkasiis mTavarsardlisagan gansxvavebiT,
ris mazris (Sida qarTlis) CrdiloeT nawili uwyebriv daqvemdebarebaSi ar iyo, mas SeeZlo
gaiyo or calke samxedro olqad _ oseTisa pirdapir miemarTa mTavrobis Tavmjdomarisa
da mTielTa olqebad
olqebad;; 1844 wels Telavis da imperatorisaTvis da dasmul sakiTxze
mazra gaiyo Telavisa da siRnaRis mazrebad; gadawyvetilebac maTgan mieRo. kavkasiis me-
1842 wels gauqmda Tbilisis samxedro guber- fisnacvals damnaSavisa da msjavrdebulis
natoris Tanamdeboba da mis nacvad dawesda Sewyalebis uflebac hqonda.
samoqalaqo mmarTvelobis ufrosis Tanamde- kavkasiis mefisnacvlis daqvemdebareba-
boba; 1842 wels Seicvala amierkavkasiis mTa- Si iyo didi samoxeleo aparati. garda imisa,
varmarTvelobis sabWos Semadgenloba:sabWos rom igi iTvleboda kavkasiis calke korpusis
xuTi wevridan sami samxedro da ori samoqa- mTavarsardlad, mas uSualod emorCileboda:
laqo unda yofiliyo. 1. mefisnacvlis kancelaria; 2. mefisnacv-
mixail pozenisa da aleqsandr CerniSevis lis sabWo; 3. gansakuTrebul mindobiloba-
SuamdgomlobiT 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanon- Ta moxeleebi; 4. mefisnacvlis mTavari sam-
Si zogierTi cvlilebis Setanam Sedegi ver marTvelos ufrosi; 5.mTavari sammarTvelos
490
vaxtang guruli
ufrosis kancelaria; 6. mTavari sammarT- nili viTarebis swor analizs emyareboda. ru-
velos departamentebi; 7. sagzao-samSeneblo seTis imperiis oficialuri istoriografiis
komiteti; 8. glexebis momwyobi kancelaria; 9. cnobili warmomadgeneli da kavkasiis rusuli
saxelmwifo qonebaTa, soflis meurneobisa da mmarTvelobis istoriis aRiarebuli mkvl-
mrewvelobis sammarTvelo; 10. kavkasiis sam- evari v.n. ivanenko mixail voroncovis Sesaxeb
rewvelo olqi; 11. kavkasiis saeqimo nawilis werda: `man kargad icoda, rom ruseTis mTa-
gamgebloba; 12. samTo nawilis gamgebloba; 13. vari interesi ganapira qveyanaSi im droisaT-
kavkasiis muzeumi; 14. statistikis komiteti; vis mdgomareobda mxolod imaSi, rom daeka-
15. kavkasiis sacenzuro komiteti. TxuTme- vSirebina TavisTan es axali qveSevrdomebi
tive struqturuli erTeuli brZanebebsa da uwyveti ZafiT, raTa aeZulebina isini dae-
gankargulebebs uSualod mefisnacvlisgan viwyebinaT TavianTi winandeli mTavroba da
iRebda, moxeleTa daniSvna, dajildoeba da SeeyvarebinaT ruseTis monarqis mwyalobeli
gadayenebac mefisnacvlis prerogativa iyo. da mzrunveli mTavroba. man kargad icoda
mefisnacvali kavkasias garkveulwilad ro- agreTve, rom dapyrobil xalxTa sikeTe da
gorc avtonomiur administraciul erTeuls, bedniereba, uwinares yovlisa, mdgomareobda
ise ganagebda. isev imaSi, rom am xalxebs xeli aeRoT ganux-
kavkasiis pirvel mefisnacvlad 1844 wlis orcielebel ocnebaze da SeeyvarebinaT axali
dekemberSi novorosiis general-gubernato- dedinacvali, rogorc sakuTari deda.~
ri, cnobili samxedro da politikuri moR- saqarTveloSi unda damkvidrebuliyo ru-
vawe general-adiutanti grafi mixail voron- suli suli, rusuli ena, rusuli kultura da
covi dainiSna. voroncovi TbilisSi 1845 wlis zne-Cvevebi, rusuli kanonebi da mmarTveloba,
25 marts, xarebis dResaswaulze, Camovida. risi saboloo Sedegic iqneboda rusuli moqa-
laqeobis damkvidreba. gansxvavebiT winamorbe-
debisagan, gansakuTrebiT ivan paskeviCisa da
evgeni golovinisagan, mixail voroncovi miiC-
§3. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema mixail vo- nevda, rom am miznis misaRwevad sulac ar iyo
roncovis mefisnacvlobis periodSi (1844- aucilebeli rusuli kanonebis dauyovnebliv
1854 ww.) amoqmedeba da rusuli saxelmwifo daweseb-
mixail voroncovi kavkasiis mefis- ulebebis Seqmna _ saqarTvelos rusuli mmarT-
nacvlad 1844 wlis bolos dainiSna, magram velobis ruseTis Sida guberniebis msgavsad
TbilisSi Camovida da movaleobis Sesrulebas mowyoba.
mxolod 1845 wlis martidan Seudga. mixail mixail voroncovma mniSvnelovani cv-
voroncovs kargad hqonda gaazrebuli ruse- lilebebi Seitana samxreT kavkasiis admin-
Tis imperiis koloniuri politikis miznebi istraciuli dayofisa da mmarTvelobis or-
saqarTveloSi da am politikis ganxorciele- ganoebis mowyobaSi. mefisnacvali xSirad
baSi daSvebuli strategiuli da taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebs iRebda centraluri xe-
Secdomebi. mefisnacvali savsebiT sworad lisuflebis (ministrTa komitetis) poziciis
askvnida, rom oTx aTeul welze meti xnis sawinaaRmdegod. amis ufleba voroncovs im-
ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo rom ruseTis imperatorisagan hqonda miniWebuli. nikolai
periis ganuyofel nawilad ver gadaiqca, es I-ma gaauqma amierkavkasiis mxaris momwyobi
mniSvnelovanwilad centraluri xelisu- sagangebo komiteti da imperatoris kancel-
flebis mier daSvebuli SecdomebiT iyo gan- ariis VI ganyofileba, ris Semdegac kavka-
pirobebuli. XIX saukunis damdegidan dawye- siis saqmeebi gadaeca ``kavkasiis
kavkasiis komitets
komitets~.
buli ramdenime aTeuli weli ise gavida, rom komitets ufleba hqonda saministroebTan
ruseTis saimperatoro kari, centraluri xe- SeuTanxmeblad ganexila administraciuli da
lisufleba kvlav ikvebeboda iluziiT, rom sakanonmdeblo xasiaTis yvela saqme, romelic
samxedro-administraciuli meTodebiT, saqa- ki kavkasias Seexeboda.
rTveloSi rusuli kanonebis amoqmedebiTa da 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanoniTa da Sesa-
rusuli saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis SeqmniT bamisi debulebis ZaliT, samxreT kavkasia (am-
SeZlebda qarTvelTa garusebas da rusuli ierkavkasia) or administraciul erTeulad:
moqalaqeobis danergvas. mixail voroncovis saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniad da kaspiis
samoqmedo strategia da taqtika swored Seqm- olqad _ gaiyo. 1846 wels mixail voroncovma
491
samxreT kavkasiis teritoria oTx guberniad: mixail voroncovi gansakuTrebul yur-

Tbilisis, quTaisis, Semaxiisa da darubandis adRebas aqcevda xazinis xarjebis Semcirebas,
(derbentis) _ guberniebad dayo. 1849 wels Tundac es saqmis sazianod yofiliyo. 1852
Seiqmna mexuTe gubernia _ erevnisa
erevnisa.. Tbilisis wels mefisnacvali samxedro ministr ale-
gubernia iyofoda 5 mazrad: Tbilisis, go- qsandr CerniSevs swerda:“me mudam vaqcevdi
ris, Telavis, siRnaRisa da elizavetopolisa yuradRebas yovelgvar momWirneobas, raTa
da 3 okrugad: TuS-fSav-xevsureTis, oseTisa Sememcirebina saxazino gasavali da adgilo-
da mTis xalxTa
xalxTa.. quTaisis gubernia 5 mazrad: briv dawesebulebaTa moTxovnebs mmarTvelo-
quTaisis, Sorapnis, raWis, ozurgeTisa da axal- bis saxsrebis gadidebis Sesaxeb, vsazRvravdi
cixis mazrebad daiyo. guberniis saTaveSi samx- mxolod aucilebeli xarjebiT“. swored am
edro gubernatori idga, romelic amave dros mosazrebiT 1849 wels voroncovma Tbilisisa
samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvelic iyo. mazras da Semaxiis saxazino palatebi gaaerTiana erT
mazris ufrosi ganagebda. Tbilisis guberni- dawesebulebad _ saxazino qonebaTa eqspedi-
asa da mis mazrebSi arsebuli dawesebulebebi ciad. am gaerTianebis Sedegad moxeleTa Stati
(sasamarTlo, policiis sammarTvelo da sxv.) 77 erTeuliT Semcirda, xolo wliuri xarji
TiTqmis ucvlelad darCa. quTaisis gubernia- _ 18.500 maneTiT. 1849 welsve kavkasiis mefis-
Si ki mmarTvelobis ufro martivi sistema iqna nacvalma gaauqma: Tbilisis samxedro guber-
SemoRebuli: gauqmda samazro sasamarTloebi, natoris kancelaria, romelSic 13 moxele iyo
xolo sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo dasaqmebuli; Tbilisis guberniis sammarTve-
saqmeTa palatebis nacvlad SemoRebuli iqna lo 4 magidis ufrosiTa da misi 4 TanaSemwiT;
sagubernio sasamarTlo;
sasamarTlo; saxazino palatisa 1 sagubernio miwismzomlis TanaSemwisa da 3
da saxelmwifo qonebaTa palatis funqciebi samazro miwismzomlis Tanamdeboba. voron-
gadaeca sagubernio sammarTvelos, romelic, covi miiCnevda, rom ruseTidan samxedro da
faqtobrivad, samxedro gubernators eqvemde- samoqalaqo moxeleebis saqarTveloSi Camo-
bareboda. sagubernio sasamarTlo Sedgeboda yvana da maTTvis privilegiebis miniWeba did
Tavmjdomaris, 2 mrCevlisa da 4 msajulisa- xarjebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. igi Tvlida,
gan. sasamarTlos ganaCeni sisxlis samarT- rom adgilobrivi kadrebis gamoyeneba bevrad
lis xaziT dasamtkiceblad waredgineboda an ufro xelsayreli iqneboda, radgan, rusebi-
gubernators (Tu saqme mcire mniSvnelobisa sagan gansxvavebiT, qarTveli moxeleebi nak-
iyo), an _ mefisnacvals (Tu saqme ufro didi lebad aRizianebdnen mosaxleobas da Tanac
mniSvnelobisa iyo). sagubernio sasamarTlos maTi Sesanaxi xarjebi gacilebiT mcire iyo,
mier samoqalaqo saqmeebze gamotanili gana- radgan privilegiebi ar eniWebodaT. am mosaz-
Cenis gasaCivreba, Tu misi Rirebuleba 1000 rebidan gamomdinare, voroncovma central-
maneTs aRemateboda, saerTo wesiT mmarTvel uri xelisuflebis winaSe aRZra sakiTxi, raTa
senatSi SeiZleboda. Sewyvetiliyo ruseTidan samxreT kavkasiaSi
Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebSi maz- moxeleTa Camoyvana da gauqmebuliyo is priv-
ris ufrosebs umTavresad sapolicio fun- ilegiebi, romlebsac kavkasiaSi samsaxurisaT-
qciebi hqondaT miniWebuli. mazris ufross vis rus moxeleebs aniWebdnen. meficnacvali
ufleba hqonda ganexila mcire mniSvnelobis ruseTis imperators swerda: àmierkavkasiaSi
sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo saqmeebi, samsaxuris dawyebisas me gaocebuli viyavi
magram ar SeeZlo pasuxisgebaSi mieca vinme. sxvadasxva uwyebis, adgilisa da Tanamde-
mazris ufrosebi TanaSemweebis daxmarebiT bobis maZiebel moxeleTa simravliT. 1840
mxolod winaswar gamoZiebas awarmoebdnen da wels, amierkavkasiaSi reformis Catarebisa
am gamoZiebis masalebs warudgendnen guber- da sagubernio Tu samazro dawesebulebaTa
nators, romelic SemdegSi am masalas sagu- gaxsnis dros, ruseTidan gamowveuli iyo
bernio sasamarTlos gadascemda. Tbilisis moxeleebi. drois simcirem da am moxeleebis
guberniaSi ubnebis saTaveSi kvlav ubnis msa- aucileblobam SeuZlebeli gaxada maTi Ser-
julebi idgnen, quTaisis guberniaSi _ ubnis CevisaTvis saTanado yuradRebis miqceva. amis
ufrosebi.. isini winaswar gamoZiebas ar awar-
ufrosebi gamo dawesebulebebi gaivso iseTi pirebiT,
moebdnen da dakavebuli iyvnen mxolod sapo- romelnic SemdegSi unda moxsniliyvnen. ori
licio ZiebiT da borotmoqmedis kvalis aR- wlis Semdeg mazris zogierTi dawesebuleba
moCeniT. da Tanamdeboba miCneul iqna zedmetad da
492
vaxtang guruli
gauqmda. aman kidev ufro gaamravla usaqmo pedicias gadaeca saqarTvelos mTeli saekle-
moxeleTa ricxvi. is moxeleebi, raki maT we- sio mamulebi. am miwaze, arasruli monaceme-
sieri arsebobisa da ruseTSi ukan dabrunebis biT, 46.150 suli cxovrobda, xolo yovelw-
saSualeba moespoT, xelaxla samsaxuris Sov- liuri Semosavali 72.053 maneTs udrida.
nis imedi daekargaT, darCnen sacxovreblad mixail voroncovma saqarTvelosa da
amierkavkasiaSi, umetes SemTxvevaSi _ Tbilis- samxreT kavkasiis rusuli administraciuli
Si. zogierTi maTgani imyofeba savalalo md- mmarTvelobis reforma ver daasrula, amas
gomareobaSi da Tavs irCens Txovnebis Sedge- xeli SeuSala 1853 wels dawyebulma yirimis
niT. amisagan damoukideblad, yovelwliurad omma da 1854 wels mixail voroncovis kavka-
matulobs im mkvidrTa ricxvi, romelTac ga- siidan gawvevam.
naTleba miRebuli aqvT ruseTis gimnaziebsa
da sxva saswavleblebSi da romelnic cdilo-
ben miiRon samuSao adgilebi. yovelive amis
gamo me gaveci gankarguleba, ruseTidan ar §4. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema aleqsandr
gamoiweron moxeleebi.“rus moxeleTaTvis bariatinskis mefisnacvlobis periodSi (1856-
dawesebuli gansakuTrebuli uflebebisa da 1862 ww.)
privilegiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb voroncovi mixail voroncovi kavkasiis mefisnacv-
imperators swerda: „debuleba am uflebebis lobidan 1854 wlis oqtomberSi gadadga. 1854
Sesaxeb gamoica 1840 wels. misi mizani iyo wels, cota xans, mefisnacvlis movaleobas
aqaur mxareSi unariani samoqalaqo moxelee- generali nikolai readi asrulebda, xolo
bisa da kancelariis mosamsaxureTa mozidva. Semdegi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi mefisnacvali
dadga dro, rodesac... ukve aRar aris saWiro iyo general-adiutanti nikolai muraviovi
privilegiebi, romlebic winaT gadmobirebis (1854-1856). arc readsa da arc muraviovs
saSualebas warmoadgenda... umTavresi upi- raime mniSvnelovani cvlileba samxreT ka-
ratesoba, romelic miniWebuli aqvT mox- vkasiis rusul mmarTvelobaSi ar SeutaniaT.
eleebs kavkasiasa da amierkavkasiaSi, imaSi orive generali nikolai I-ma gaafrTxila, rom
mdgomareobs, rom maT eZlevaT danamatebi voroncovis dros damkvidrebuli mmarTv-
jamagirze... aseTi danamatebis jami yovelw- elobis sistema ar SeecvalaT. esec rom ar
liurad matulobs da mZime tvirTad awveba yofiliyo, reads da muraviovs arc survili
saxelmwifo xazinas. vfiqrob, dadga am mniS- da arc gamocdileba ar gaaCndaT mmarTv-
vnelovani xarjebis Sewyvetis dro“. elobis sistemis reformisaTvis. 1855 wels
mixail voroncovi erTi mxriv, cdilob- imperatori nikolai I gardaicvala. kavkasiis
da saxelmwifo xarjebis minimumamde dayvanas mefisnacvali nikolai muraviovi axali im-
da meore mxriv, yvelafers akeTebda xazinis peratoris aleqsandr II-is ndobiT ar sarge-
Semosavlebis zrdisa da saxelmwifo qonebis blobda da amitom sifrTxiles iCenda, raTa
gamravlebisaTvis. kavkasiis mefisnacvlis windauxedavi nabijiT imperatoris risxva ar
iniciativiT, 1849 wlis 21 dekembers niko- daemsaxurebina. 1856 wels aleqsandr II-m ka-
lai I-ma daamtkica debuleba amierkavkasiaSi vkasiis mefisnacvlad aleqsandr bariatinski
saxelmwifo qonebaTa mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb. daniSna(1856-1862). imperatorma bariatinskis
saxelmwifo qonebis marTva saxelmwifo qone- ufleba misca amierkavkasiis(samxreT kavka-
baTa eqspedicias evaleboda. voroncovis me- siis) rusuli marTveloba ise Seecvala, ro-
fisnacvlobis periodSi samxreT kavkasiaSi gorc saWirod CaTvlida. bariatinski dauy-
(amierkavkasiaSi) qoneba mniSvnelovnad gaiz- ovnebliv Seudga mmarTvelobis proeqtis
arda. 1854 wlisaTvis mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi momzadebas. am mizniT man mTavarmarTvelo-
ruseTis xazinas 6.374.000 desetina miwa ekuT- basTan daaarsa specialuri „droebiTi ganyo-
vnoda, aqedan Tbilisisa da quTaisis guber- fileba“. manamde bariatinskis gankargulebiT
niaze modioda 574.000 desetina. samxreT ka- Seiqmna komiteti, romelsac unda Seeswavla
vkasiis saxazino miwebze 194.875 komli cxov- rusul mmarTvelobaSi Seqmnili faqtobrivi
robda, Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebSi _ mdgomareoba da Seswavlis procesSi dagrovi-
43.745 komli. amierkavkasiis saxazino miwebi- li masalebi gadaeca droebiTi komitetisaT-
dan yovelwliuri Semosavali 3.158.598 maneTs vis. ori wlis Semdeg, 1858 wels, droebiTma
udrida. 1850 wels saxelmwifo qonebaTa eqs- komitetma aleqsandr bariatinskis warudgina
493
„debuleba kavkasiis mefisnacvlis sabWosa da uli wesiT gadasaxlebulTa saqmeebi, proku-

mTavarmarTvelobis Sesaxeb“, romelic mefis- rorebis, Tanamdebobis pirTa da kerZo mo-
nacvalma 1858 wlis 21 dekembers daamtkica. qalaqeTa saCivrebi ukanono moqmedebaze,
debulebis mixedviT, kavkasiis mefis- saqmeebi borotmoqmedebaTa Sesaxeb da sxv.;
nacvals ganusazRvreli uflebebi eniWeboda. 3. safinanso saqmeTa departamenti,
departamenti, romelic
mefisnacvalTan arsdeboda mTavarmmarTv- finansTa saministros msgavs dawesebulebas
eloba da sabWo. mTavarmarTvelobis ufrosi warmoadgenda. am departaments exeboda fu-
iTvleboda mefisnacvlis uaxloes TanaSemwed lis mimoqceva kavkasiaSi, sabaJo saqme, vaWro-
da mas dakisrebuli hqonda yvela is funqcia, ba-mrewveloba, fuladi begara da gadasaxadi,
rac winaT samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvels samTo-samadno saqme da sxv. departaments
gaaCnda. amieridan samoqalaqo nawilis Tanam- eqvemdebareboda mTavarmarTvelobis xazina;
deboba uqmdeboda. 4.saxelmwifo
4.saxelmwifo qonebaTa departamenti, romelic
mTavarmmarTveloba Sedgeboda Semdegi saxelmwifo qonebaTa saministros funqcias
asrulebda. es departamenti ganagebda sax-
elmwifo qonebasa da saxazino mamulebs,
Tvalyurs adevnebda iqidan gadasaxadebis
akrefas da sxv. garda am oTxi departamenti-
sa, mTavarmarTvelobasTan calke arsebobda:
soflis meurneobisa da ucxoelTa kolegiebis
sagangebo sammarTvelo da saerobo begaraTa
sagangebo sakrebulo.
sakrebulo. 1859 wels mTavarmmarT-
velobis SemadgenlobaSi daarsda mexuTe de-
partamenti _ sakontrolo departamenti, rom-
lis funqcias Seadgenda mefisnacvlisadmi
daqvemdebarebul samoqalaqo dawesebulebaTa
fuladi angariSebis revizia.
mefisnacvlis sabWo daarsda 1840 wlis
10 aprilis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli mTa-
varmarTvelobis sabWos nacvlad. misi fun-
qciebi SezRuduli iyo.sabWo, faqtobrivad,
saTaTbiro organos warmoadgenda. sabWos
dadgenilebas Zala hqonda mxolod mas Sem-
deg, rac mas mefisnacvali daamtkicebda. am
ukanasknels sruli ufleba hqonda, sabWos
aleqsandr bariatinski dadgenileba ar daemtkicebina.
aleqsandr bariatinskis dros belaqnis
departamentebisagan: 1. saerTo saqmeTa depar- okrugi zaqaTalis okrugad gadakeTda, xolo
tamenti, romelic Tavisebur Sinagan saqmeTa daba zaqaTala _ qalaqad. 1840 wlis 10 april-
saministros warmoadgenda. am departaments is kanonis Sesabamisi debulebiT, belaqnis anu
exeboda sainspeqtoro, saswavlo, safosto, zaqaTalis mazra (SemdegSi
(SemdegSi _ belaqnis okrugi)
samkurnalo, sakarantino, saaRmSeneblo da Tbilisis guberniaSi Sedioda, radgan mo-
sxva saqme. saerTo saqmeTa departaments eqvem- saxleobis umravlesobas gamuslimebuli qa-
debareboda Tbilisis sajaro biblioTeka, arTvelebi Seadgendnen. bariatinskim, cxadia,
Jurnal-gazeTebis redaqciebi, mTavarmarTv- sruliad garkveuli politikuri mosazrebiT,
elobis arqivi da stamba; 2. sasamarTlo saqme- axlad Seqmnili zaqaTalis okrugi daRestnis
Ta departamenti, romelic iusticiis samin- olqs SeuerTa da uSualod olqis ufross
istros magivrobas swevda. am departaments dauqvemdebara. Tavisi gadawyvetileba mefis-
unda ganexila rogorc wminda sasamarTlos, nacvalma imiT axsna, rom okrugis mcxovrebni
ise sasamarTlo-sapolicio saqmeebi: samoqa- TavianTi kulturuli doniT jer kidev ar
laqo, sisxlis samarTlisa da samxedro sa- iyvnen momzadebulni samoqalaqo mmarTvelo-
samarTloTa ganaCenebi, pasuxisgebaSi myof bisaTvis. Tbilisis guberniaSi am droisaTvis
Tanamdebobis pirTa saCivrebi, administraci- samoqalaqo mmarTveloba, xolo daRestnis
494
vaxtang guruli
olqSi samxedro mmarTveloba arsebobda. 1860 kulad SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda, xelisufleba

wlis 5 aprils aleqsandr bariatinskis mier iZulebuli gaxda, mTianeTSic Seecvala ad-
damtkicebuli debulebis Tanaxmad, zaqaTa- ministraciuli mmarTveloba. jer kidev 1842
lis okrugis ufrosad rusi oficeri dainiSna, wels saqarTveloSi myofma samxedro minis-
romelsac miniWebuli hqonda mazris ufrosis trma aleqsandr CerniSevma aRmosavleT saqa-
uflebebi. okrugis ufrosi erTpirovnulad rTvelos mTianeTis teritoria gamoyo zemoT
ganagebda yvela saqmes. okrugis sammarTvelo xsenebuli mazrebidan da am teritoriaze Se-
marTva-gamgeobaSi aranair rols ar TamaSob- qmna 3 okrugi: TuS-fSav-xevsureTis, mTielTa
da da mxolod okrugis ufrosis kancelariis da oseTisa. TuS-fSav-xevsureTis okrugi iyo-
funqciebs asrulebda. okrugis sammarTvelo- foda 2 ubnad: TuSeTisa da fSav-xevsureTisa
fSav-xevsureTisa;;
sTan arsebobda sityvieri(zepiri) sasamarT- mTielTa okrugi _ 3 ubnad:xevis
ubnad:xevis,, mTiuleTisa
lo,, romlis Tavmjdomared okrugis ufrosi
lo da qsnis
qsnis;; oseTis okrugi 3 ubnad _ javis, pa-
iTvleboda. sasamarTlos wevrebi iyvnen mo- tara liaxvisa da naris
naris.. kavkasiis mTavarsar-
saxleobisagan arCeuli da daRestnis olqis dalma aleqsandr neidgardtma 1844 wels
ufrosis mier damtkicebuli mdivanbegebi da TuS-fSav-xevsureTis okrugi kidev ufro
yadebi.. zaqaTalis okrugi sam ubnad iyofoda,
yadebi Camoacila saqarTvelos: samxedro xaziT igi
romelTa saTaveSi ubnis ufrosebi idgnen. lekeTis kordonis xazis ufross dauqvemde-
qalaq zaqaTalas, romelsac axali zaqaTala bara, xolo samoqalaqo xaziT _ saqarTve-
uwodes, policia ganagebda. policia da ubnis lo-imereTis gubernators. 1848 wels igive
ufrosebi okrugis ufross emorCilebodnen, moimoqmeda mixail voroncovma oseTis okru-
masve eqvemdebareboda okrugis xazina, miwis gis mimarT: igi kavkasiis xazis marcxena frTas
mzomeli, eqimi da, saerTod, yvela Tanamde- dauqvemdebara. yvela es cvlileba 1840 wlis
bobis piri, romelic okrugSi StatiT iyo 10 aprilis kanonis Sesabamisi uvargisi deb-
dadgenili. 1860 wlis 5 aprilis debulebiT, ulebis gauaresebas moaswavebda. aleqsandr
zaqaTalis okrugSi sasoflo mmarTvelobis bariatinskim mdgomareoba kidev ufro daamZi-
mowyoba ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. soflebma, rac SemdegSi gamoixata:1. oseTis okrugis
Si xelisufleba qevxebisa da yadebis xelSi naris ubani savsebiT Camoscilda Tbilisis
iyo. maT administraciuli funqciis garda, gubernias da SeuerTda kavkasiis xazis marcx-
mosamarTlis movaleobac hqondaT dakisrebu- ena frTas; 2. quTaisis gubernias Camoaciles
li. qevxebsa da yadebs ufleba hqondaT, adgi- da kavkasiis xazis marcxena frTas SeuerTes
lobrivi adaTisa da SariaTis mixedviT mcire osebiT dasaxlebuli mamisonis xevis nawili.;
mniSvnelobis saqmeebi gaerCiaT da ganaCenic 3. oseTis okrugis javisa da patara liax-
gamoetanaT. mniSvnelovani saqmeebi, isev ad- vis ubnebi oseTis ubnis saxelwodebiT goris
gilobriv adaTebsa da SariaTze dayrdnobiT, mazras SeuerTda; 4.TuS-fSav-xevsureTis ok-
daRestnis olqis sityvier sasamarTloSi ix- rugi gadakeTda TianeTis okrugad,
okrugad, xevsureTi
ileboda. gamoyofili iqna calke ubnad da lekeTis
aleqsandr bariatinskim cvlilebebi Sei- kordonis xazis ufross daeqvemdebara; 5.
tana aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis ad- gudamayari, xevi da mTiuleTi Zveleburad
ministraciul marTvelobaSi. reforma Seexo mTielTa okrugis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda.
TuSeTs, fSavs, xevsureTs, gudamayars, mTiu-
leTsa da xevs
xevs,, aseve _ saqarTvelos mTianeT-
Si mcxovreb osebs. saqarTvelos am nawilSi
rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoReba 1840 wlis 10 § 5. XIX saukunis 40-60-iani wlebis adminis-
aprilis kanonis Sesabamisi debulebiT dai- traciuli mmarTvelobis reforma imereTSi,
wyo. pavel ganis reforma saqarTvelos am guriaSi, samegrelosa da afxazeTSi
nawilSic erTiani administraciuli sistemis imereTi da guria, rogorc aRvniSneT,
SemoRebas iTvaliswinebda. aRmosavleT saqa- rusul administraciul mmarTvelobas jer
rTvelos mTianeTi meqanikurad iyo danawile- kidev XIX saukunis pirvel aTeulSi daeqvemde-
buli goris, Tbilisisa da Telavis mazrebs bara. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonis Sesabamisi
Soris da yvela am mazraSi SemoRebuli iyo debulebis amoqmedebamde guriac da imereT-
savsebiT erTnairi mmarTveloba. SemdegSi, ic jer kidev calke administraciul erTeu-
rodesac ganis reformis gatareba praqti- lebs warmoadgenda: imereTi raWiTurT imere-
495
Tis olqad iwodeboda, xolo guria _ guriis ganyofilebad. TiToeuli ganyofilebis saT-
okrugad.. imereTis olqs droebiTi mmarTv-
okrugad aveSi mrCeveli idga. ganyofilebebSi iwyeboda
eloba ganagebda, romlis saTaveSi mmarTveli saqmis warmoeba, magram mrCeveli saboloo
idga. imereTis droebiT mmarTvelobas da, Se- gadawyvetilebas ver iRebda, es ufleba samx-
sabamisad, imereTis mmarTvels emorCileboda edro gubernators hqonda miniWebuli. faq-
guriis okrugi da okrugis ufrosi. imere- tobrivad, sagubernio sammarTvelo Tavisi
Tis mmarTveli da guriis okrugis ufrosi ori ganyofilebiT samxedro gubernatoris
kadris samxedro piri unda yofiliyo. 1840 kancelarias warmoadgenda. sagubernio sa-
wlis 10 aprilis kanonis Sesabamisi debule- samarTlo 7 wevrisagan Sedgeboda: Tavmjdo-
biT, imereTi da guria saqarTvelo-imereTis mare, 2 mrCeveli da 4 msajuli. oTxive msa-
guberniaSi Sevida. imereTisa da raWis teri- juli guberniis Tavadebisa da aznaurebisagan
toria quTaisis mazraSi moeqca, romelic 6 da vaWarTa wodebisagan irCeoda. sagubernio
ubnisagan Sedgeboda: quTaisis, vakis
vakis,, sabekis, sasamarTlo uflebrivad gaTanasworebuli
Sorapnis, saCxerisa da raWis
raWis.. guriis terito- iyo Tbilisis guberniis sisxlis samarTlisa
rias moicavda guriis mazra, romelic 2 ubnad da samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatasTan. sisxlis
gaiyo, ozurgeTisa da akeTisa
akeTisa.. evgeni golo- dargSi sagubernio sasamarTlos ganaCens
vinisa(1837-1842) da aleqsandr neidgardtis quTaisis samxedro gubernatori an kavka-
(1842-1844) mTavarsardlobis dros xelisu- siis mefisnacvali amtkicebda. samoqalaqo
fleba iZulebuli gaxda yuradReba mieqcia saqmeze gamotanili ganaCeni, Tu saqme 1000
imereTisa da gansakuTrebiT guriis admin- maneTs aRemateboda, SeiZleboda apelaciis
istraciuli mmarTvelobisaTvis. amis mizezi wesiT mmarTvel senatSi gasaCivrebuliyo.
iyo 1841 wlis ajanyeba guriaSi. xelisufleba sasamarTloze zedamxedvelobas sagubernio
im daskvnamde mivida, rom aucilebeli iyo prokurori axorcielebda. quTaisis guber-
guriaSi rusuli mmarTvelobiT gamowveuli niis mazrebSi sasamarTlo dawesebulebebi
ukmayofilebis mizezebis mospoba. 1842 wels ar arsebobda. mcire danaSaulisaTvis mazris
guriis mazra guriis samxedro olqad gada- ufrosi TviTon awesebda sasjels, xolo did
keTda, romlis saTaveSi rusi Stabis ofi- saqmeebze sagamomZieblo masalebs sagubernio
ceri idga. guriaSi unda Seqmniliyo calke sasamarTlos ugzavnida. sagamomZieblo fun-
laSqari _ `guriis
`guriis samxedro laSqari
laSqari~,, romlis qciebi mazrebSi dakisrebuli hqondaT mazris
meTauric samxedri olqis ufrosi iqneboda. ufrosis TanaSemweebs. mazrebi, iseve, ro-
1842 welsve guriis samxedro olqi Savi zRvis gorc Tbilisis guberniaSi, ubnebad iyofoda,
sanapiro xazis ufross dauqvemdebares da gu- romelTa saTaveSi ubnis ufrosebi idgnen. ub-
riaSi samxedro sasamarTloc SemoiRes. 1846 nis ufrosebs sapolicio funqciebTan erTad
wels, rodesac saqarTvelo-imereTis guber- sasamarTlo funqciebic hqondaT dakisrebu-
nia Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebad gai- li, Tumca maT ufleba ar hqondaT, saqmeze
yo, guria ozurgeTis mazris saxelwodebiT winaswari gamoZieba ewarmoebinaT da mxolod
quTaisis guberniaSi Sevida, maSasadame, guri- sapolicio ZiebiTa da danaSaulis kvalis
is samxedro olqi ozurgeTis mazrad gada- aRmoCeniT ifarglebodnen. aleqsandr bari-
keTda. atinskis mefisnacvlobis dros, 1856 wels,
quTaisis gubernia, romlis saTaveSi samx- quTaisis guberniis administraciul mmarT-
edro gubernatori idga, rogorc aRvniSneT, velobaSi cvlileba ganxorcielda: quTaisis
5 mazrad iyofoda: quTaisis, Sorapnis, raWis, samxedro gubernators, zemoT dasaxelebuli
ozurgeTisa da axalcixisa. gubernators ofi- 5 mazris garda, dauqvemdebares mTeli is
cialurad `samxedro gubernatori, samoqa- teritoria, romelic manamde Savi zRvis sana-
laqo nawilis mmarTveli~ ewodeboda, romlis piro xazis ufross eqvemdebareboda. amasTan
rezidencia qalaq quTaisSi iyo. quTaisSive dakavSirebiT quTaisis gubernia gadakeTda
iyo Tavmoyrili: sagubernio sammarTvelo, sageneralgubernatorod da mis saTaveSi gen-
sagubernio sasamarTlo, sagubernio gimnazia eral-gubernatori daadgines
daadgines. quTaisis gener-
da sxv. sagubernio sammarTvelos dakisrebu- al-gubernatori iTvleboda mTeli dasavleT
li hqonda saxazino palatisa da saxelmwifo saqarTvelos da Savi zRvis sanapiro terito-
qonebaTa palatis funqciebic. sammarTvelo riis ufrosad, masve emorCileboda am mxareSi
iyofoda or, gansakuTrebul da sameurneo, mdgari ruseTis jari. general-gubernatori
496
vaxtang guruli
mxolod kavkasiis mefisnacvals eqvemdebare- samoqalaqo saqmeebze isev vaxtang VI-is samar-
boda. Tlis mixedviT gamohqonda.
samurzayano 1840 wels calke adminis- samegrelo 1804 wlidan ruseTis impe-
traciul erTeulad _saboqaulod
_saboqaulod__ gadakeTda riaSi Semaval avtonomiur samTavrod iTvle-
da Savi zRvis sanapiro xazis ufross dauqvem- boda, romelsac mTavari ganagebda, rusuli
debares. samurzayanoSi SemoRebul iqna si- mmarTveloba samegreloSi ar SemouRiaT.
tyvieri (zepiri) sasamarTlo, romlis wevrad es viTareba SenarCunebuli iqna XIX sauku-
iTvleboda adgilobrivi maRali wodebidan nis 40-iani wlebis administraciuli mmarTv-
arCeuli 4 mdivanbegi. sityvier sasamarT- elobis reformamde. 1853 wels gardaicvala
los ganaCeni qarTuli samarTlis(vaxtang VI- samegrelos mTavari daviT dadiani. yirimis
is samarTlis) mixedviT gamohqonda, Tumca omis dros, 1855 wels, samegreloSi osmale-
sabolood saqme ise wydeboda, rogorc amas Tis jari SeiWra da misi didi nawili daikava.
samurzayanos boqauli inebebda. mogvianebiT 1857 wels samegreloSi utu miqavas meTauro-
samurzayanos sityvier sasamarTloSi moxda biT glexTa ajanyeba daiwyo. 1853-1857 wlebSi
zogierTi cvlileba: mdivanbegebs, romelTa samegreloSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi ruse-
xelfasi winaT garCeuli saqmeebis Rireb- Tis xelisuflebam samTavros gauqmebisaTvis
ulebis garkveul procents Seadgenda, mud- gamoiyena, risTvisac karga xniT adre emzade-
mivi xelfasi daeniSnaT; sisxlis samarTlis boda. 1840 wels gamoqveynebul deklaraciaSi
saqmeebi vaxtang VI-is samarTlis mixedviT levan dadiani sicocxleSive memkvidris, da-
aRar wydeboda da sxv. 1848 wels samurzay- viT dadianis, taxtze ayvanas janmrTelobis
anos saboqaulo Savi zRvis sanapiro xazs gauaresebiT xsnida. mTavari ar malavda, rom
gamoeyo da quTaisis sageneralgubernatoros ruseTis xelisufleba samTavros gauqmebisaT-
SeuerTda. amasTan dakavSirebiT samurzayanos vis emzadeboda da, misi azriT, es procesi Se-
boqauls mazris ufrosis uflebebi mieniWa. darebiT umtkivneulod Caivlida, Tu taxtze
1849 wels, samurzayanoSi momxdari ajanyebis rusul wesebze aRzrdili da ruseTis jaris
Semdeg, ruseTis xelisuflebam mis admin- oficeri daviTi iqneboda. 1840 welsve impera-
istraciul dayofaSi cvlilebebis Setana torma nikolai I-ma daviT dadians mrCevlad
gadawyvita. samurzayano sam okrugad: oqu- rusi Stabis oficeri dauniSna. daviT dadian-
mis, nabakevisa da bediis okrugebad _ unda ma samegrelo, ufri sworad, odiS-leCxumi 8
gayofoliyo. umaRles moxeled isev boqauli mazrad gayo: zugdidis, jvaris, zubis, suju-
rCeboda, romelsac mazris ufrosis uflebe- nis, saWilaos, martvilis, lailaSisa da muris
muris..
bi unda miniWeboda. boqaulad mxolod rusi TiToeul mazras saTaveSi mazris ufrosi,
erovnebis Stabis oficeri unda daniSnuli- anu mdivanbegi, edga. 1842 wels samegrelos
yo. sityvier sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarT- samTavro samxedro TvalsazrisiT Savi zRvis
lis saqmeebi rusuli kanonmdeblobis, xolo xazis ufross, xolo 1848 wels quTaisis sa-
samoqalaqo saqmeebi vaxtang VI-is samarTlis generalgubernatoros dauqvemdebares. 1853
mixedviT unda gadawyvetiliyo. es proeqti wels gardaicvala daviT dadiani. 1853 wlis 8
cxovrebaSi ar ganxorcielebula. 1857 wels oqtombers kavkasiis mefisnacval mixail vo-
samurzayano administraciuli mmrTvelobis roncovis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze niko-
TvalsazrisiT quTaisis gubernias daeqvem- lai I-ma samegrelos samTavros mmarTvelad
debara. 1859 wels kavkasiis mefisnacvalma da mcirewlovani taxtis memkvidris niko da-
aleqsandr bariatinskim daamtkica debuleba dianis mzrunvelad mTavris qvrivi ekaterine
`samurzayanos okrugis mmarTvelobis Ses- WavWavaZe daamtkica. 1857 wels dawyebuli
axeb~. okrugis saTaveSi kvlav boqauli rCebo- glexTa ajanyeba aleqsandr bariatinskim sam-
da, formalurad, debulebis mixedviT, mTeli Tavros gasauqmeblad gamoiyena. 1857 wlis 1
marTlmsajuleba samurzayanoSi sityvieri agvistos kavkasiis mefisnacvali ekaterine
sasamarTlos xelSi unda yofiliyo, Tumca, WavWavaZes swerda, rom nebayoflobiT aeRo
faqtobrivad, sapolicio da sasamarTlo xe- xeli samTavros marTva-gamgeobaze. ekaterine
lisuflebas boqauli flobda. boqauls See- WavWavaZem winaaRmdegobis gaweva gadawyvita,
Zlo damnaSave daepatimrebina, daejarimebina magram iZulebuli gaxda, imave wels bariatin-
da ,Tu saWirod CaTvlida, gaewkepla kidec. skis winadadeba mieRo.
jerjerobiT, sityvier sasamarTlos ganaCeni kavkasiis mefisnacvals xel-fexi gaex-
497
sna da dauyovnebliv Seudga rusuli mmarT- gan. okrugis sapolicio sammarTvelo okru-
gan.
velobis mowyobas samegreloSi. 1857 wlis 8 gis ufross emorCileboda. leCxumis okrugSi
seqtembers aleqsandr bariatinskim daamtkica sapolicio sammarTvelo ar Seqmnila.
debuleba samegrelos mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb. svaneTSi ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomo-
debulebis mixedviT, samegrelo kvlav calke baSi Sesvlis Semdeg (1833 w.) dadeSqelianebis
administraciul erTeulad rCeboda, Tumca sagvareulo saxlSi uTanxmoeba Camovarda,
igi quTaisis sageneralgubernatoroSi Se- rac sisxlian xocva-JletaSi gadaizarda. es
dioda da uSualod emorCileboda general- dapirispireba XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis
gubernators. gauqmebuli samTavros marTva- damdegs, administraciuli mmarTvelobis re-
gamgeobas xorcielebda samegrelos mmarTve- formis dawyebis droisaTvisac, grZeldeboda.
li,, romelic aucileblad rusi moxele unda
li 1855 wels TaTaryan dadeSqelianis vaJi jans-
yofiliyo. samegrelos mmarTvels hyavda uRi cioy dadeSqelianis ufrosi vaJis, kon-
erTi adiutanti samxedro nawilSi, ori sa- stantines, waqezebiT mokles misma Zmebma is-
gangebo davalebaTa moxele, erTi miwismzom- lamma da Tengizma
Tengizma.. dadeSqeliani sagvareulo
eli da erTi Tarjimani. samegrelos mmarTv- saxlSi Camovardnil dapirispirebas moxerxe-
els samxedro xaziT gubernatoris uflebebi bulad iyenebda ruseTis xelisufleba. miuxe-
hqonda miniWebuli. samoqalaqo xaziT same- davad amisa, svaneTSi rusuli mmarTvelobis
grelos mmarTveli Tavis uflebamosilebas damyareba mainc gaZnelda, svanebma araerTx-
`samegrelos
samegrelos sabWos~
sabWos~ meSveobiT axorcieleb- el gaaZeves ruseTis xelisuflebis mier dan-
da. sabWos Tavmjdomared mmarTveli iTvle- iSnuli boqauli, aseve moeqcnen 1845 wels
boda, sabWoSi Sediodnen: xelisuflebis 2 mixail voroncovis mier dadeSqelianebis
warmomadgeneli, romelTagan erTi ufrosi Sesarigeblad svaneTSi mivlinebul mRvdel
wevri iyo da mmarTvelis moadgiled iTvle- quTaTelaZes.. svanebis winaaRmdegobam kavkasi-
quTaTelaZes
boda, xolo meore _ umcrosi wevri. sabWos is mefisnacvali aiZula 1849 wels 1847 wels
danarCeni 2 wevri adgilobrivi Tavadebisa Seqmnili svaneTis saboqaulo gaeuqmebina. vo-
da aznaurebisagan unda yofiliyo. samegre- roncovi im daskvnamde mivida, rom boqauli
los sabWo administraciuli dawesebulebac svanebs verafers uxerxebda da saboqaulos
iyo da sasamarTloc. mas sagubernio sam- Sesanaxad gamoyofili Tanxebi amaod iflange-
marTvelosa da samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis boda. 1853 wels svaneTis marTva-gamgeoba
ufleba-movaleobani gaaCnda. samegrelos quTaisis general-gubernatorTan sagangebod
sabWosTan arsebobda kancelaria, romelic 4 daniSnul moxele miqelaZes daevala, romlis
`magidisagan~ (ganyofilebisagan) Sedgeboda: Tviuri sarCo 100 maneTiT ganisazRvra. imav-
aRmasrulebeli, sasamarTlo, sameurneo, sam- droulad saqarTvelos egzarqosma svaneTSi 4
divno. sasamarTlo nawilSi sabWos uflebe- samrevlo Seqmna da iq mivlinebul mRvdlebs
bi meore instanciis sasamarTlos uflebebs wminda werilis gaZlierebuli qadageba daav-
utoldeboda. samoqalaqo saqmeze gamotanili ala. 1854 wels voroncovma svaneTis saboqau-
ganaCenis gasaCivreba SeiZleboda mefisnac- los aRdgena scada, magram svanebis urCobis
valTan. sisxlis samarTlis xaziT sabWo mx- gamo es saqme CaiSala. 1855 wlis aprilSi, jam-
olod umniSvnelo saqmeebs ixilavda, danarCe- suR dadeSqelianis mkvlelobis Semdeg, ru-
ni saqmeebi ki quTaisis sagubernio sasamarT- seTis xelisuflebam svaneTis avtonomiuri
losa da samxedro sasamarTloSi igzavneboda. samTavros gauqmebis gadawyvetileba miiRo.
sabWosTan arsebobda saeqimo nawili,
nawili, romlis 1857-1858 wlebSi ruseTis jarma svaneTi dai-
Stati Sedgeboda ori samxedro eqimis, oTxi kava. ruseTis represiebs Seewira konstantine
dabali rangis samedicino personalisa da dadeSqeliani, xolo konstantines Zmebma ru-
erTi mwerlisagan. samegrelo (odiS-leCxumi) seTis xelisuflebasTan Serigeba arCies. 1859
sam okrugad iyofoda: senakis, zugdidisa da wels ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandr II-m
leCxumisa. okrugis saTaveSi idga okrugis daamtkica aleqsandr bariatinskis mier ward-
ufrosi, romlis ufleba-movaleoba mazris genili svaneTis administraciuli mmarTv-
ufrosisas utoldeboda. zugdidisa da sena- elobis proeqti. sadadeSqeliano da Tavisuf-
kis okrugebSi sapolicio sammarTveloebi ali svaneTi erT saboqauloSi _ svaneTis sab-
arsebobda, sapolicio sammarTvelo Sedge- oqauloSi _ gaerTianda. svaneTis saboqaulo
boda erTi komisrisa da erTi aTasisTavisa- quTaisis sageneralgubernatoroSi Sedioda.
498
vaxtang guruli
saboqaulo Stati ase ganisazRvra: boqauli, Tis samTavroebs, ar Sexebia. reformisagan

boqaulis erTi TanaSemwe, erTi saqmis mwar- damoukideblad samive samTavro Savi zRvis
moebeli, erTi Tarjimani, ori mwerali da 12 sanapiro xazis ufross dauqvemdebares. 1848
iasauli. svaneTis boqauls miniWebuli hqonda wels afxazeTis samTavro Savi zRvis sanapiro
mazris ufrosis uflebebi da igi valdebuli xazis daqvemdebarebidan gamovida da quTai-
iyo, mudmivad svaneTSi yofiliyo. boqauli sis sageneralgubernatoros SeuerTda. ruse-
iyo svaneTis sityvieri sasamarTlos Tavmj- Tis xelisufleba arasdros endoboda mixeil
domarec. sityvieri sasamarTlo Sedgeboda 5 ServaSiZes, xolo yirimis omis dasrulebis
mdivanbegisa da 4 mdivanbegis TanaSemwisagan. Semdeg(1856 w.) afxazeTis mTavars ruseTis
mdivanbegi aucileblad svani unda yofiliyo. RalatSi dasdes brali. daiwyo afxazeTis sam-
svaneTis saboqaulom da sityvierma sasamarT- Tavros gauqmebisaTvis aqtiuri mzadeba. 1859
lom moqmedeba oficialurad 1859 wlis dam- wlisaTvis afxazeTSi aseTi viTareba Seiqmna:
degidan daiwyo. pirvel boqaulad svaneTSi ruseTis saokupacio jari isev idga afxaze-
ilia amirejibi dainiSna. Tis qalaqebsa da sxva strategiul punqtebSi,
afxazeTi 1810 wlidan ruseTis imperiis webeldaSi rusuli mmarTveloba _ saboqaulo
SemadgenlobaSi avtonomiur samTavros war- _ iyo SemoRebuli; samurzayano saerTod Cam-
moadgenda. XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis admin- orTmeuli hqonda afxazeTis mTavars; soxumsa
istraciuli mmarTvelobis dawyebis droisaT- da soxumis raionSi mixeil ServaSiZis Zalau-
vis afxazeTs mTavari mixeil ServaSiZe (1822- fleba saerTod ar vrceldeboda. 1864 wels
1864) ganagebda. ruseTis xelisufleba sam- kavkasiis mefisnacvalma mixail romanovma
Tavros marTva-gamgeobaSi TiTqos ar ereoda, afxazeTis samTavro gaauqma. samTavros gau-
Tumca misi jari idga soxumSi, bomboraSi, qmebis Semdeg mis teritoriaze afxazeTis
biWvinTasa da gagraSi. am jaris saSualebiT samxedro olqi Seiqmna, romelic quTaisis
kavkasiis mTavarsardali Tvalyurs adevnebda general-gubernators dauqvemdebares. samx-
da akontrolebda samTavros. XIX saukunis edro olqis teritoria afxazeTis, bzifisa da
40-iani wlebis reforma afxazeTis samTav- abJuis okrugebad iyofoda.
ros, iseve, rogorc samegrelosa da svane-
499
Tavi XXVII. 1841 wlis ajanyeba guriaSi
1841 wlis ajanyeba guriaSi umniSvnelova- (1806-1812). osmaleTTan omSi gamarjvebulma

nesi movlenaa erovnuli moZraobis istoria- ruseTma guriis samTavro imitom ver gaau-
Si. 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis damarcxebidan XIX qma, rom ruseTis jarma osmalebi aWaridan
saukunis 60-iani wlebis erovnul moZrao- ver gandevna da, amdenad, guriis samTavro
bamde SualedSi swored guriis ajanyeba war- osmaleTis mosazRvre regionad darCa. ufro
moadgenda antirusuli erovnuli moZraobis metic, omis mimdinareobisas, 1809 wels, daka-
yvelaze STambeWdav gamoxatulebas. miuxe- vebuli foTis cixe-simagre buqarestis zaviT
davad imisa, rom ajanyeba lokaluri xasi- (1812 w.) ruseTma isev osmaleTs daubruna.
aTisa iyo, masSi savsebiT cxadad gamovlinda aWaraSi marcxma da foTis osmaleTisaTvis
erovnuli moZraobis umTavresi mizani: brZo- dabrunebam ruseTs saSualeba ar misca, guri-
la ruseTis batonobis winaaRmdeg.
winaaRmdeg. ajanyebis is samTavro gaeuqmebina, magram am marcxs ar
momzadebis, dawyebisa da mimdinareobis isto- Seurigda da Canafiqris asrulebisaTvis dai-
riam daadastura, rom igi ar iyo SemTxveviTi wyo mzadeba. amis saSualebas ruseTis xelisu-
da stiqiuri movlena, aramed ganapiroba ru- flebas is pirobebi aZlevda, romlebic 1810
seTis koloniurma politikam. am politikam wels ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Ses-
da misma mesveurebma guriis mosaxleobis yve- vlisas Tavs moaxvies guriis mTavars. guriis
la socialuri fena (sabatono da saxelmwifo samTavroSi ruseTis koloniuri politikis
glexebi, aznaurebi, Tavadebi) aiZula iaraRi winaaRmdeg SeiaraRebuli brZolis dawyebis
aeRo xelSi da uTanasworo brZolaSi Cabmu- momaswavebeli iyo 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba,
liyo dampyrobelTan. romelic mxolod seriozuli samxedro Zalis
gamoyenebiT CaaxSves. ajanyebis damarcxebis
Semdeg misi bevri monawile osmaleTSi gadaix-
vewa. ajanyeba damarcxda da ruseTis saimpera-
§1. ajanyebis mizezebi da dasawyisi toro karma kvlav gaagrZela Zveli koloniu-
1. ajanyebis mizezebi. 1841 wlis guriis ri politika, romlis mizani ucvleli darCa.
ajanyebis mizezebi erTbaSad ar warmoSobila, guriis ukanaskneli mTavris, mamia V gu-
igi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mwifdeboda. rielis,, gardacvalebis (1826 w.) Semdeg, 1827
rielis
1804 wlidan, rodesac guriis samTavro wlidan, mTavris taxtis memkvidris mcirew-
saxlis da privilegirebuli zedafenis, aRa- lovnobis gamo samTavros ``guriis
guriis samTavros
rafers vambobT glexobaze, survilis gareSe sammarTvelo sabWo
sabWo~~ ganagebda, romlis Tavmj-
ZaldatanebiT miiRes ruseTis imperiis qve- domare dedofali sofio iyo. dedofali kar-
SevrdomobaSi, guriaSi antirusuli Zalebis gad grZnobda, rom ruseTi samTavros gauqme-
organizeba iwyeba. 1810 wels guriis samTavro bas amzadebda, amitom yovelnairad cdilobda
ukve meored, damoukideblad, miiRes ruseTis win aRdgomoda am process da ruseTis winaaR-
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi. marTalia, qveSevr- mdeg brZolaSi mokavSired osmaleTs saxavda.
domobis orive aqtiT, guriaSi mmarTvelad 1828-1829 wlebis ruseT-osmaleTis omis mim-
mTavari da mTavris memkvidreobiTi xelisu- dinareobis dros ruseTma guriis samTavroSi
fleba rCeboda, magram, faqtobrivad, guria jari Seiyvana da dedofal sofios osmaleTis
imereTis droebiT mmarTvelobas dauqvemde- mxridan daxmarebis imedi gadauwura. 1828
bares. mzaddeboda niadagi samTavros gau- wels sofio gurieli Tavis momxreebTan er-
qmebisaTvis. saqarTvelos mTavarsardlebs, Tad osmaleTSi gaixvewa, xolo guriis yvela
pavel cicianovs (1802-1806), ivan gudov- mniSvnelovani strategiuli punqti ruseTis
iCs (1806-1809), aleqsandr tormasovs (1809- jarma daikava. 1829 wlis 26 dekembers guriis
1811), filip pauluCis (1811-1812) da nikolai samTavro da samTavros droebiTi mmarTv-
rtiSCevs (1812-1816) guriis samTavros gau- elobac gauqmebulad gamocxadda. samTavros
qmeba imereTis samefos gauqmebasTan erTad gauqmebis Semdeg guriaSi uSualod rusuli
surdaT. am Canafiqris ganxorcielebas xeli mmarTveloba ar SemouRiaT. yofil samTavros
SeuSala jer imereTis samefos gauqmebisaT- ganagebda guruli Tavadebis sabWo sabWo,, romlis
vis dawyebuli brZolis gaWianurebam (1804 Tavmjdomare rusi oficeri iyo. 1840 wlis
-1810 ww.) Semdeg ki ruseT-osmaleTis omma administraciuli mmarTvelobis reformis Za-
500
vaxtang guruli
liT, guria mazris saxiT saqarTvelo-imere- lai muraviovi aRniSnavda, 1841 wels, axali
Tis guberniis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida. ase sagadasaxado sistemis SemoRebamde, guriis
dasrulda ruseTis brZola guriis samTavros mosaxleoba usityvod asrulebda xelisu-
faqtobrivi da formaluri gauqmebisaTvis, flebis yvela moTxovnas da gurulebis simS-
guria ruseTis imperiis erT-erT Cveulebriv vide mxolod 1841 wels dairRvao. generali
mazrad iqca. cdilobda, ruseTis imperiis koloniuri
ruseTis imperiis Careva guriis samTav- politika, rusi samxedro da samoqalaqo mox-
ros Sinaur cxovrebaSi, samTavros orgzis eleebis TviTneboba gaemarTlebina: rusi mox-
(1804 w., 1810 w.) ZaldatanebiT miReba qveSevr- eleebi kanonis dacviT moqmedebdnen, magram
domobaSi, 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyebis CaxSoba ra maTi bralia, Tu gurulebma es kanonebi ar
da Semdeg samTavros gauqmebisaTvis brZola icodneno. rusi generali gakvirvebuli iyo
(1826-1829 ww.) uaRresad mtkivneuli da sisx- imiT, rom gurulebi ara marto gadasaxadis
liani procesi iyo ara marto guriis samTavro gadaxdaze ambobdnen uars, aramed Seuracxyo-
saxlis (mTavris, dedoflis, batoniSvilebis), fas ayenebdnen rus moxeleebs. nikolai mu-
privilegirebuli wodebis (Tavadebis, azn- raviovi aRniSnavs, rom xelisuflebam damna-
aurebis), aramed glexobisTvisac. rusuli Saveni daapatimra, rasac gurulebma ase upa-
mmarTvelobis SemoReba, qarTuli samarT- suxes: `Tu Cven Soris vinme damnaSavea, maSin
lis rusuli kanonebiT Secvla, qarTuli Cven yvelani damnaSaveebi vyofilvarT!~ da
tradiciebisa da adaT-wesebis abuCad agdeba, yvelam iaraRs mohkida xelio. kavkasiis ko-
samxedro da samoqalaqo moxeleebis TviTne- rpusis Stabis ufrosi general-maiori pavel
boba da Zalmomreoba, sul ufro mzardi ko- kocebu 1841 wlis 12 seqtembers kavkasiis mTa-
rufcia, antirusuli Zalebis dausrulebeli varsardal evgeni golovinisaTvis gagzavnil
devna da Seviwroeba, Zveli gadasaxadebis moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda, rom guriis ajanyeba
akrefis wesis Secvla da axali gadasaxadebis gamoiwvia axalma sagadasaxado sistemam da
daweseba gaxda 1841 wlis guriis ajanyebis um- gavrcelebulma xmebma imis Sesaxeb, rom male
Tavresi mizezi. daiwyeboda mosaxleobis qonebis sayovel-
zemoT aRniSnulma movlenebma gansaz- Tao aRwera. generali daaskvnis, rom am ori
Rvra ajanyebis mizanic: guriis gaTavisufleba mizezis gamo ajanyeba mainc ver daiwyeboda,
ruseTis batonobisagan. es ki imas niSnavs, rom rom ara gavrcelebuli xmebi imis Sesaxeb,
guriis ajanyeba Tavisi xasiaTiT erovnul rom guriaSi ruseTis jaris umniSvnelo kon-
moZraobas warmoadgenda da mas zogadad is tigenti idga. am xmebis gavrcelebas ki ko-
miznebi hqonda, rac saerTo-qarTul erovnul cebu osmaleTs, konkretulad, qobuleTis
moZraobas. yovelive amaze yuradRebas imitom sanjayis mmarTvel hasan TavdgiriZes miaw-
vamaxvilebT, rom sabWoTa (komunistur) isto- ers. savsebiT cxadia, rom nikolai muraviovi
riografias guriis ajanyebis socialur moZ- da pavel kocebu guriis ajanyebis WeSmarit
raobad gamocxadebis miswrafeba hqonda da mizezebze ver isaubrebdnen da ajanyebis mTa-
misi dawyebis mizezad 1841 wlidan sagadasaxa- var mizezad guriis samTavros gauqmebasa da
do sistemaSi gatarebul cvlilebas (sulado- rusul mmarTvelobis SemoRebas ver daasax-
brivi gadasaxadis SemoReba, yvela natural- elebdnen. aqedan gamomdinare, guriis ajanye-
uri gadasaxadisa da begaris erTi fuladi ga- bas erovnul moZraobad ar miiCnevdnen.
dasaxadiT Secvla) miiCnevda. ase gaCnda cneba guriis mosaxleobis didi ukmayofileba
`1841 wlis guriis glexTa ajanyeba~, xolo mis gamoiwvia 1840 wlis reformis ZaliT dawe-
mamoZravebel Zalad gadasaxadebiT Sewuxebu- sebulma samazro mmarTvelobis sistemam.
li da ruseTis jarSi mosalodneli gawveviT ozurgeTis mazris mmarTvelobaSi Tavidanve
SeSinebuli glexoba gamocxadda. damkvidrda yvela mankiereba, rac rusul ad-
aRsaniSnavia, rom sabWoTa istoriogra- ministraciul mmarTvelobas gaaCnda, pirvel
fiamde guriis ajanyebis mizezad axali ga- rigSi _ biurokratia. ganusazRvreli droiT
dasaxadebis SemoRebasa da ajanyebis social- Wianurdeboda saqmeebis ganxilva. 1841 wlis 1
ur moZraobad gamocxadebas cdilobdnen im ianvridan seqtembris damlevamde ozurgeTis
dros saqarTveloSi moRvawe maRali rangis mazris mmarTvelobas 4.000 saqme ganuxilavs,
rusi samxedroebi. 1841 wlis 1 seqtembers am periodSi mmarTvelobaSi 12.800 Txovna,
daweril moxsenebaSi general-maiori niko- saCivari da sxva xasiaTis dokumenti Semosu-
501
la, xolo mmarTvelobidan 13.000 dokumenti guriaSi ki mimoqcevaSi ZiriTadad osmaluri

gasula. guriis mazris mmarTvelobis Senaxva vercxlis fuli iyo. urC glexebs xelisufle-
Zalze Zviri jdeboda. 1840 wlamde arsebuli ba yovelgvari sasamarTlo garCevis gareSe
guruli Tavadebis sabWos (droebiT mmarTv- sapatimroSi aTavsebda.
elobis) Tavmjdomares weliwadSi sargos sax- axali sagadasaxado sistemiT gamowveuli
iT 600 maneTi eZleoda, xolo 1840 wlis 10 ukmayofileba sul ufro izrdeboda. amas
aprilis kanoniT damtkicebuli StatiT guri- daerTo gavrcelebuli xmebi imis Sesaxeb,
is mazris mmarTvelobis Senaxva 13.195 maneTi rom guriaSi rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebas
jdeboda. male mohyveboda glexTa rusul jarSi rek-
mokled SevCerdeT sagadasaxado siste- rutis wesiT (25-wliani samxedro samsaxuri)
mis cvlilebaze, romelic aseve guriis sam- gawveva. mosaxleobaSi rusul jarSi gawveva
Tavros gauqmebasa da rusuli mmarTvelobis did ubedurebad iyo miCneuli, ramac isedac
SemoRebas ukavSirdeba, e.i. ruseTis kolon- daZabuli viTareba kidev ufro gaamwvava.
iuri politikis gamovlinebas warmoadgens. kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufrosi gen-
1841 wlamde guriaSi ori saxis gadasaxadi eral-maiori pavel kocebu guriis ajanyebis
iyo: 1. sasursaTo begara (gadasaxadi naturiT, erT-erT mizezad asaxelebda qobuleTis san-
sursaTiT), romelic Sewerili iyo komlze; jayis mmarTvel hasan bei TavdgiriZis mier
2. saerobo SromiTi begara (gzebis gayvana da gavrcelebul xmebs, rom guriaSi TiTqos
SekeTeba, arxebis gayvana da gawmenda, xe-tyis ruseTis mcirericxovani jari idga. hasan
damzadeba, sxvadasxva saxis momsaxureobis bei TavdgiriZe guriaSi popularuli kaci ar
aRmoCena ruseTis jarisaTvis, saxalxo laSqa- yofila. islamis rjulze moqceuli guruli
rSi (miliciaSi) samsaxuri da sxv.). 1841 wli- Tavadi, hasan bei TavdgiriZis mama memedi, os-
dan guriaSi pirvelad SemoiRes suladobrivi malebma qobuleTis sanjayis beid (qobuleTis
gadasaxadi da yvela naturaluri da saerobo sanjayis mmarTvelad) daniSnes. memed beim
begara gaerTianda erT fulad gadasaxadSi
gadasaxadSi.. Tavi imiT gamoiCina, rom qobuleTi guruli
saxelmwifo glexebs TiTo sulze unda gadae- yaCaRebis TavSesafrad aqcia, igi mfarvelob-
xadaT 1 maneTi, xolo sabatono da saeklesio da tyveebiT movaWreebs, qobuleTSi malavda
glexebs _ 50 kapiki vercxliT. garda amisa, guriidan motacebul adamianebsa da pirutyvs.
saerobo SromiTi begaris nacvlad saxazino cxadia, aseTi adamiani guriaSi popularuli
glexebs yovel komlze unda gadaexadaT 35 ver iqneboda. memed bei TavdgiriZe imdenad
kapiki, xolo sabatono da saeklesio glexebs gaTavxedda, rom osmaleTis mTavrobam igi
_ 9 kapiki. axalma sagadasaxado sistemam didi gadaayena da qobuleTis sanjayis mmarTve-
ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. Tavadebma da aznau- lad misi vaJi hasani daniSna. hasan beim mamis
rebma xelisuflebas oficialurad mosTxoves: saZraxisi saqmianoba gaagrZela: guruli ya-
suladobrivi gadasaxadis magivrad daaweseT CaRebis mfarveloba da tyveebiT vaWroba ar
komlobrivi, mcxovrebTa SeZlebis mixedviT moiSala. amis gamo iyo, rom male isic gadaay-
gadasaxadi, rac ufro Seefereba Cveulebasa enes da sanjayis mmarTvelad misi Zma sulei-
da zneobas~. glexoba ukmayofilo iyo imiT, mani daniSnes. suleiman bei susti mmarTveli
rom fulis Sovnis wyaro ar gaaCnda, ris ga- gamodga. amiT isargebla hasan TavdgiriZem
TavdgiriZem,,
moc mas naturiT gadasaxadi erCia. garda yaCaRebisagan Zlieri razmi Seqmna da qobule-
amisa, axali sagadasaxado sistemiT, glexoba Tis sanjayidan Zmis gandevnas Seecada. sulei-
naturiT gadasaxadisagan gaTavisuflebas- man bei iZulebuli gaxda, Zmas SebrZoleboda
Tan erTad, saerobo SromiTi begarisaganac da Tavis momxreebTan erTad qobuleTidan
unda gaTavisuflebuliyo da erTiani fula- gaeZevebina. male hasan bei Zmas Seurigda, ma-
di gadasaxadi gadaexada. glexoba fulad ga- gram yaCaRobasa da tyveebiT vaWrobas kvlav
dasaxads ixdida, magram saerobo SromiTi be- agrZelebda. guriaSi ruseTis jaris Cayene-
garisagan mainc ar aTavisuflebdnen. glexo- bam hasan beis samoqmedo asparezi SeuzRuda.
bis, aznaurebisa da Tavadebis ukmayofilebas yaCaRTa bandis meTauri imdenad gaTavxedda,
guriis mazris mmarTveloba arad agdebda rom guriaSi SeWriTac ki imuqreboda. ruse-
da axal sagadasaxado sistemas ZaliT amkvi- Tis jaris meTauri SeSinda da sofel lix-
drebda. glexebis protests iwvevda isic, rom aurTan saxeldaxelo simagre moawyo. male
xazina gadasaxads rusuli fuliT iTxovda, rusebma Seityves, rom hasan bei TavdgiriZem
502
vaxtang guruli
danaqadebi ver Seasrula da guriis sazRvrebs politikas glexobaze adre guriis Tavadebi da
moaxloebuli ubrZolvelad gabrunda ukan. aznaurebi daupirispirdnen. ruseTis imperiis
zemoT aRwerilis msgavsi guria-aWaris sazR- samxedro ministri aleqsanrd CerniSevi wer-
varze wlebis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda da, amde- da: ` guriis ajanyeba, romelic sul axlaxan
nad, hasan-bei TavdgiriZis moqmedeba guriis calke samTavros warmoadgenda, kerZo ki ara,
ajanyebis mizezi ver gaxdeboda. sayovelTao iyo. igi ar ganisazRvreboda xe-
2. ajanyebis socialuri baza. guriis lisuflebisadmi ubralo urCobiT. amboxebis
ajanyeba socialuri moZraoba ar yofila, igi damwyebT, romelTa Soris iseTi Tavadebi da
ar gamouwvevia glexebis Cagvras. Tavisi xasi- aznaurebic arian, romelTac samxedro ofi-
aTiT ajanyeba erovnuli moZraoba iyo da igi crebis wodebebi aqvT, gamoacxades imperato-
ruseTis koloniurma reJimma ganapiroba. roris jarebis da guriaSi myofi yvela rusis
gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, sabWoTa istoriogra- gaJletis aucilebloba.“ rogorc vxedavT,
fia, manamde ki saqarTveloSi moRvawe maRali generali osip anrepi ruseTis koloniuri
rangis rusi samxedroebi guriis ajanyebas politikiT ukmayofilo guriis mosaxleobis
ruseTis batonobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul saerTo antirusul ganwyobilebaze, xolo ru-
erovnul moZraobad ar miiCnevdnen. Tumca seTis samxedro ministri aleqsandr Cerni-
rus samxedroTa Sorisac moiZebnebodnen is- Sevi ruseTis koloniuri politikiT ukmayo-
eTebi, romlebic ajanyebis umTavres mizezad filo guriis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis mier
ara sagadasaxado sistemis Secvlas, aramed dawyebul sayovelTao amboxebaze mianiSnebs.
1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanons da guriaSi axali ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg kavkasiis axali
administraciuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebas, mTavarsardali aleqsandr neidgardti ( 1842-
da zogadad, ruseTis koloniur politikas 1844) sagangebod gamoyofs guriis Tavadebisa
miiCnevdnen. general-maiori osip anrepi werda aznaurebis rols ajanyebaSi: „1841 wlis
da: guriaSi mmarTvelobis reformis ganxor- amboxebis dros mTeli guriis mcxovrebTagan
cielebis procesSi xelisuflebam angariSi ar (saubaria mxolod Tavadebsa da aznaurebze _
gauwia adgilobriv Taviseburebebso. anrepi v.g.) mxolod 114 kaci darCa mTavrobis erT-
daaskvnis:“amboxebis mizezi iyo samoqalaqo guli. maT miatoves sakuTari saxl-kari da
mmarTvelobis formebi, xalxisaTvis kanon- ojaxebi, SemouerTdnen Cvens jars da masTan
ieri da sasikeTo. magram iseTi, romelic erTad icavdnen ozurgeTs meamboxeTa winaaR-
ar Seeferebda am olqis( guriis _ v.g.) zne- mdeg.“ 1841 wlisaTvis guriaSi Tavadebisa da
Cveulebebsa da cxovrebis pirobebs.“generali aznaurebis 500 ojaxze meti cxovrobda. Tu
anrepi arsad saubrobs, rom mmarTvelobis CavTvliT, rom TiTo ojaxSi erTi brZolisu-
reformam mxolod glexobis protesti gamoi- nariani mamakaci mainc iyo (Tumca es cifri
wvia. igi guriis mosaxleobis saerTo ganwyo- gacilebiT didia), gamodis, rom rusebs mxari
bilebaze mianiSnebs. generali anrepi guriis brZolisunariani Tavadebisa da aznaurebis
ajanyebas savsebiT marTebulad senator pav- mesamedmac ar dauWira! oficialuri rusuli
el ganis reformasa da 1840 wlis 10 aprilis dokumentebis mixedviT, ajanyebas miemxrnen
kanons ukavSirebs. ruseTis xelisufleba sam- da mas xelmZRvanelobdnen: ruseTis jaris
Tavros gauqmebis Semdegac, 1840 wlamde, an- praporSCiki Tavadi ambako SalikaSvili, Ta-
gariSs uwevda guriis Tavadebsa da aznaurebs, vadi qaixosro gugunava
gugunava,, Tavadi daviT gugu-
am socialuri fenis simravles, maT kavSirs nava.. samiveni ajanyebis dawyebis droisaTvis
nava
aWaris sanjayis mmarTvelebTan. yovelive amis guriis miliciaSi (saxalxo laSqarSi) msaxu-
gamo xelisufleba moqmedebda frTxilad. robdnen, magram male ozurgeTidan gaiqcnen.
amis Sedegi iyo, rom Tavadebi da aznaurebi ajanyebis meTaurTa Soris 7 aznauri iyo: abe-
formalurad mainc monawileobdnen guriis sa bolqvaZe
bolqvaZe,, svimon qarcivaZe
qarcivaZe,, svimon Wyonia
marTva-gamgeobaSi. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis ka- da sxvebi. ajanyebaSi aseve monawileobda 2
noniT, guriis mazrad gadaqcevam da mazris mRvdeli, romelTagan erTi gamoZiebis dros
mmarTvelobidan Tavadebisa da aznaurebis gardaicvala.
savsebiT CamoSorebam am ukanasknelTa mkacri amrigad, 1841 wlis guriis ajanyebaSi
protesti gamoiwvia. savsebiT sworia genera- erTmaneTis mxardamxar ibrZodnen Tavadebi,
li anrepi, rodesac, nebsiT Tu uneblied, im aznaurebi da glexebi.
daskvnamde midis, rom ruseTis axal koloniur ajanyeba mTel gurias moedo. miuxedavad
503
amisa, mis xelmZRvanelebs kargad esmodaT, TavSi xanjliT daWres aznauri aleqsandre
rom marto gurulebs ruseTis jaris damar- jayeli,, xelSi daiWra glexi gabriel CxaiZe.
jayeli CxaiZe.
cxeba gauWirdebodaT. amitom iyo, rom ajanye- amis Semdeg akeTeli glexebis nawilma tyes
bulebi werilebs agzavnidnen qvemo imereTisa Seafara Tavi.
da samegrelos mosazRvre soflebSi da mo- 1841 wlis 23 maiss lanCxuTisa da akeTis
saxleobas ajanyebisaken mouwodebdnen. glexebi, daaxloebiT 300 kaci, TofebiTa da
3. ajanyebis dasawyisi. guriis ajanyeba ketebiT SeiaraRebuli, msajul baraTaSvilis
1841 wlis 22 maiss daiwyo. rogorc zemoT saxls miadga da mas guriis mazris ufro-
aRvniSneT, axali sagadasaxado sistema mi- sisaTvis warsadgeni moTxovnebi gadasca.
uRebeli iyo glexobisaTvis. xelisuflebam glexebi moiTxovdnen: 1. axali fuladi ga-
es kargad uwyoda, magram ukan daxevas ar dasaxadis gauqmebas; 2. danaSaulis patiebas
apirebda, radgan darwmunebuli iyo imaSi, maTTvis, vinc gadasaxadis akrefas winaaRmde-
rom mosaxleoba axal sagadasaxado siste- goba gauwia; 3. sofel akeTis nacvlis dauy-
mas Seegueboda. 22 maiss moxeleebi sofel ovnebliv gadayenebas.
lanCxuTSi mividnen da gadasaxadis akrefa guriaSi 1841 wlis 22-28 maiss ganviTa-
scades, mosaxleobam isini soflidan gaaZeva. rebuli movlenebi ramdenime dRis Semdeg
guriis mazris lanCxuTis ubnis msajulma Ta- Seityo hasan bei TavdgiriZem
TavdgiriZem.. lanCxuTsa da
vadma baraTaSvilma glexebis protests yu- akeTSi dawyebul gamosvlebamde, 1841 wlis
radReba ar miaqcia da ubnis sxva soflebSi 3 maiss, osmaleTis mTavrobam suleiman bei
gadasaxadis akrefa gaagrZela. sofel akeT- gadaayena da qobuleTis sanjayis mmarTve-
Si,, sadac rogorc sabatono, ise saxazino
Si lad kvlav hasan bei daniSna. 1841 wlis maisis
glexebi cxovrobdnen, glexebma baraTaSvils bolos hasan bei TavdgiriZem daarRvia 1829
ganucxades: momzadebuli ara varT fuladi wlis adrianopolis zaviT dadgenili ruseT-
begaris gadasaxdelad, cotaodeni gvadrove- osmaleTis sazRvari, romelic guria-aWaris
To. baraTaSvilma glexebis winadadeba ar mi- sazRvaric iyo da guriis sofeli qaquTi da
iRo, glexebi iZulebuli gaxdnen, gadasaxa- misi midamoebi daikava. hasan beim soflis mo-
dis sawindrad ojaxebidan sxvadasxva nivTi saxleobas gamoucxada, rom isini osmaleTis
miecaT. zogierTi glexi gadasaxadis amkre- qveSevrdomebi arian da ruseTis xazinis sa-
bebs Sin ar dauxvda, am ojaxebidan nivTebi sargeblod gadasaxadis gadaxda ar evale-
patronTa daukiTxavad waiRes. ori dRis Sem- baT. aSkara iyo, rom hasan bei TavdgiriZe
deg, 24 maiss, akeTelma glexebma Seityves, rom guriaSi dawyebuli ajanyebis Tavis sasarge-
lanCxuTel glexebs gadasaxadis gadaxdaze blod gamoyenebas cdilobda. misi mizani iyo
uari uTqvamT. imave dRes akeTelebi: enuqa, qobuleTis sanjayis mosazRvre guriis so-
gogia,, aTan vadaWkoriebi, daTa megreliZe da
gogia flebis mitaceba. saqarTvelo-imereTis gu-
martin lanCabaZe Tavs daesxnen gadasaxadis bernators, cxadia, imis saSualeba ar hqonda,
amkref gogosi doroZes,
doroZes, ketebiT scemes, Tav- rom saswrafod daedgina: hasan bei Tavdgi-
piri dausisxlianes da 11 vercxlis maneTi riZe TviTneburad moqmedebda Tu osmaleTis
waarTves. msajulma baraTaSvilma Sekriba mTavrobis davalebiT. amitom iyo, rom saqa-
ramdenime Tavadi SalikaSvilebis gvaridan da rTvelo-imereTis samoqalaqo gubernatorma
ramdenime aznauri da akeTelebis dasasjelad general-maiorma semion kaxanovma (koxanovma)
gaemarTa. Sevida Tu ara baraTaSvilis razmi Tbilisis samxedro gubernatorsa da amierka-
akeTSi, gamosvlis moTave glexebi gaiqcnen. vkasiis mxaris samoqalaqo nawilis mmarTvels
baraTaSvilis brZanebiT, gadasaxadis angariS- general-leitenant mixail braikos (braiks)
Si am glexebis saxlebidan sami qvabi wamoiRes sTxova mieRo zomebi, raTa osmaleTis mTav-
da ori Zroxa wamoiyvanes. sanam gadasaxadis robas mosazRvre raionebis mmarTvelebad
amkrebi ezo-ezo dadioda, enuqa, aTan da go- araTu ar daeniSna hasan beisnairi adamianebi,
gia vadaWkoriebis meTaurobiT daaxloebiT 50 aramed isini samudamod gaeZevebina iqidan.
akeTeli glexi Seikriba. isini SeiaraRebuli sanam Tbilisis samxedro gubernatori momx-
iyvnen xanjlebiTa da TofebiT. gaborote- daris Sesaxeb peterburgs acnobebda, hasan
bulma glexebma baraTaSvili da misi razmi bei dakavebul teritorias ar tovebda da mx-
gaaqcies, zogierTs saxlamde misdies da qve- ardaWeras ucxadebda ajanyebulebs. ase dai-
biT kar-fanjrebi Caulewes. Setakebis dros wyo ajanyeba guriaSi.
504
vaxtang guruli
§2 ajanyebis pirveli etapi (1841 wlis mai- TofebiTa da dambaCebiT iyvnen SeiaraRebul-
si-ivnisi) ni. saRamos razmma ozurgeTs miaRwia, magram
guriis mazris administraciul centrSi ar
1. ajanyebis gaZliereba. guriis maz-
Sesula, gza gaagrZela da sofel SemoqmedSi
ris ufrosi iacenko ver mixvda, rom lanCx-
dabanakda. Semoqmedi Tavadis qal elisabed
uTsa da akeTSi dawyebuli glexTa gamos-
guriels ekuTvnoda. molaparakebis mizniT
vlebi ubralo mRelvareba ar iyo. mazris
glexebma mazris ufrosTan Sexvedra iTxoves.
ufros iacenkos taqtiani moqmedebiT SeeZlo
iacenkosaTvis maT TavianTi moTxovnebi unda
xalxi daemSvidebina, kerZod, droebiT mainc
waredginaT. mazris ufrosi SeSinda, ajanyeb-
unda aekrZala fuladi gadasaxadis nacvlad
ulebs ar Sexvda da maTTan mosalaparakeblad
glexebisaTvis Sinauri saqonlisa da sayo-
4 moxele gagzavna. glexebma moxeleebTan mo-
facxovrebo nivTebis CamorTmeva. amis nacv-
laparakebaze uari Tqves.
lad, man gadawyvita, glexTa gamosvlebi sas-
SemoqmedSi ajanyebulebma Semdgomi moq-
wrafod aRekveTa, raTa sxvebs `macduri mag-
medebis gegma SeimuSaves. gegmis teqsti CvenT-
aliTi~ ar miscemodaT. iacenkom saqarTvelos
vis ucnobia. guriis mazris ufrosisa da saqa-
saxazo(sasazRvro) batalionidan gamoiTxova
rTvelo-imereTis guberniis samxedro guber-
razmi. razmSi, romelsac poruCiki stepanovi
natoris mier agenturuli Tu sxva saSualebe-
meTaurobda, 8 umcrosi oficeri da 100 ja-
biT mopovebuli masalis mixedviT, SemoqmedSi
riskaci iyo. razmTan erTad iacenkom moiara
SemuSavebuli gegma aseTi unda yofiliyo:
soflebi akeTi da zomleTi
zomleTi.. gadasaxadis dauy-
ajanyebulebs unda SemoevloT guriis yvela
ovnebliv gadaxdis moTxovnas glexebi, erTi
sofeli, laSqari SeekribaT da osmaleTis
SexedviT, mSvidad Sexvdnen. tyeSi imaleboda
sazRvarTan, mdinare Coloqis marjvena napir-
mxolod 7-8 glexi, romlebic wina dReebSi
ze, dabanakebuliyvnen. aq unda SeemuSavebi-
gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT gamoirCeod-
naT guriis mazris ufrosisaTvis gadasacemi
nen. swored tyeSi gasulTa waqezebiT 1841
moTxovnebi. Tu mazris ufrosi ajanyebulTa
wlis 30 maiss gadasaxadis gadaxdaze uari
moTxovnebs ar daakmayofilebda, unda dawye-
Tqves sofel vanis glexebma. iacenkom poru-
buliyo Seteva ozurgeTze. mdinare Coloqis
Cik stepanovis aseuli vanisaken daZra. mazris
napirze dabanakeba ori mizeziT unda yofil-
ufrosma Sekrebil glexebs ganucxada: amieri-
iyo ganpirobebuli: jer erTi, am droisaTvis
dan mxolod fulad gadasaxads gadaixdiT da
aWaridan guriaSi SemoWrili iyo hasan bei
SromiTi begara aRar dagekisrebaTo. sofel
TavdgiriZe da sofeli qaquTi da misi midam-
vanis glexebi mSvidad Sexvdnen am gancxade-
oebi ekava. hasan bei ajanyebulebs SeiaraRe-
bas, garegnuli simSvide iyo sxva soflebSic.
biT daxmarebas hpirdeboda; meorec, mdinare
erTaderTi, rasac iacenkom ver miaRwia, tye-
Coloqis napirze dabanakebul ajanyebulebs
Si gasuli glexebis Sepyroba iyo. iacenkom
zurgi daculi eqnebodaT da, Tu ruseTis
lanCxuTis garSemo mdebare soflebis Semov-
jarTan brZolaSi damarcxdebodnen, aWaras
la veRar gabeda, àmboxeba savsebiT mospobi-
Seafarebdnen Tavs. ajanyebulebi Semoqmedi-
lad~ miiCnia da 31 maiss sasazRvro batalio-
dan 1841 wlis 4 ivniss sofel lixaurSi gada-
nis aseulTan erTad ozurgeTSi dabrunda.
vidnen. aq maT rigebs Seemata axali razmebi
guriis mazris ufros iacenkos wyalobiT
glexebis: oTar ToiZis, gogiCa gordelaZis,
Seqmnili mdgomareobis seriozulobis Ses-
Tavad mixeil maqsimeliSvilis, aznaurebis:
axeb araferi uwyodnen saqarTvelo-imereTis
gito gogorikiZisa da svimonika gogoliSvlis
samxedro gubernatorma da samoqalaqo gu-
meTaurobiT..
meTaurobiT
bernatorma. 1841 wlis ivnisis damdegs glex-
lixaurSi ajanyebulTa rigebis mniS-
Ta mRelvareba ukve ajanyebaSi gadaizarda.
vnelovnad gazrdasTan erTad Seicvala
sofel akeTis TemSi 200 glexi SeiaraRda. raz-
ajanyebis socialuri baza. am droidan ajanyeb-
mis Seqmnis organizatorebi iyvnen Zmebi enuqa,
ulTa socialuri Semadgenloba aRar iyo glex-
aTan da gogia vadaWkoriebi.
vadaWkoriebi. 1841 wlis 1 ivniss
uri, ajanyebaSi erTmaneTis mxardamxar ibr-
razmi mdinare sufsaze gadavida da ozurge-
Zodnen sabatono da saxazino glexebi, aznaure-
Tisaken gaemarTa. KakeTidan ozurgeTisaken
bi da Tavadebi. es ki imas niSnavda, rom guriis
mimavali razmi TandaTan izrdeboda. sagange-
ajanyebis namdvili mizezi axali sagadasaxado
bo sayvirebiT glexebi mezobel soflebs amc-
sistema ki ar iyo, aramed ruseTis mier guriis
nobdnen ajanyebis dawyebas. isini ZiriTadad
505
samTavros gauqmeba da rusuli mmarTvelobis guSagoze, kapitan RoRoberiZis meTaurobiT

damyareba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela mank- ruseTis jaris erTi aseuli da guriis mili-
ieri mxariT. ciis razmi idga. RoRoberiZem ajanyebulebT-
lixaurSi ajanyebulebma samoqmedo geg- an brZolaSi Cabma ver gabeda da saguSagoze
ma Secvales da, imis magivrad, rom mdinare gamagrda. Coxatauris soflebSi ajanyebas
Coloqisaken wasuliyvnen, isev ozurgeTisaken rostom da giorgi maSakaSvilebi xelmZRvan-
Semobrundnen. gegmis cvlilebis mizezi mT- elobdnen.
lad naTeli ar aris. unda vivaraudoT, rom 2. xelisuflebis RonisZiebani ajanye-
es qobuleTis beis hasan TavdgiriZesa da bulTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. guriaSi
ajanyebulTa Soris warmoSobili winaaRmde- ajanyebulTa ricxvi sul ufro izrdeboda.
gobis Sedegi iyo. ajanyebulebisaTvis Zneli TbilisSi kavkasiis mTavarsardali da quTais-
amosacnobi ar unda yofiliyo, rom hasan beis Si saqarTvelo-imereTis samxedro guberna-
saboloo mizani guriis osmaleTis Semadgen- tori darwmundnen, rom guriaSi glexTa Cveu-
lobaSi gadasvla an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, lebrivi mRelvareba ki ara, ajanyeba daiwyo.
guriis nawilis mitaceba iyo. hasan bei Tavdg- sanam moqmedebis sagangebo gegma SemuSavde-
iriZis gegmis ganxorcielebaSi monawileobaze boda, guriis mazris ufrosi iacenko cdi-
ajanyebulebma uari Tqves. SeiZleba ajanyeb- lobda win aRdgomoda ajanyebis gavrcelebas.
ulebs, Tavadebsac ki, bolomde gaazrebuli man saqarTvelos pirveli saxazo batalio-
ar hqondaT, Tu ra gadaulaxav sirTuleebTan nis meTaurs podpolkovnik Sepelevs sTxova
iyo dakavSirebuli ruseT-osmaleTis adri- sofel nagomris saguSagoze mdgari kaza-
anopolis zavis (1829 w.) pirobebis Secvla kTa razmisaTvis 250 oficeri da jariskaci
da quTaisis guberniis guriis mazris erTi mieSvelebina. Sepelevma Txovna ver Seasrula,
soflisac ki osmaleTis SemadgenlobaSi ga- radgan 1841 wlis ivnisis damdegisaTvis saqa-
dasvla, Tundac es ajanyebulebis survili rTvelos pirvel saxazo batalionSi sul 160
yofiliyo. samagierod, yvela kargad icnobda oficeri da jariskaci iricxeboda, romelTa
hasan bei TavdgiriZes _ yaCaRTa da tyveebiT dislokaciis adgilidan daZvris ufleba
movaWreTa mfarvels. es TavisTavad gamor- batalionis meTaurs ar hqonda. guriaSi
icxavda mis mimarT guriis mosaxleobis ndo- ajanyebis droisaTvis saqarTvelo-imereTis
bas. guberniis imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis
lixauridan daZruli ajanyebulebi samxedro nawilis ufrosi polkovniki aleq-
ozurgeTs miuaxlovdnen, gadawves sabaJosa sei brusilovi daRestanSi imyofeboda, mas
da karantinis Senobebi, Caxerges ozurgeTi- cvlida podpolkovniki Cernikovi
Cernikovi.. guriis
dan wm. nikolozis simagrisaken (SekveTilisak- mazris ufrosisagan miRebuli Setyobinebis
en) da nagomariTa da CoxatauriT quTaisisaken Semdeg Cernikovma 1841 wlis 3 ivniss saqa-
mimavali gzebi. ozurgeTisaken jaris gadas- rTvelos pirveli saxazo batalionis mesame
rola rusebs am ori gziT SeeZloT. guriis aseulis meTaurs poruCik kovalevskis ubrZa-
mazris ufross imdenad mcire Zalebi hyavda, na, 140 oficriTa da jariskaciT redut kale-
rom ajanyebulebTan SebrZoleba ver gabeda. dan (yulevidan) ozurgeTSi gadasuliyo. Tvi-
iniciativa arc meamboxeebs gamouCeniaT. maT, Ton podpolkovniki Cernikovi saqarTvelos
ukve meored, gverdi auares ozurgeTs da meore saxazo batalionis 167 oficriTa da
gurianTis Temisaken gaemarTnen. gurianTaSi jariskaciT, donis kazakTa me-8 polkis 50 cx-
mcxovrebi Tavadi giorgi nakaSiZe didi xnidan enosniT quTaisidan guriisaken gaemarTa. mas
ruseTis xelisuflebisadmi usityvo morCile- davalebuli hqonda ajanyebulTa damarcxebis
bas iCenda. mazris ufrosisagan gafrTxileb- Semdeg ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvramde misu-
uli giorgi nakaSiZe Tavisi razmiT ajanyebu- liyo da daedgina, ra roli Seasrula hasan
lebs Causafrda. Setakeba didxans gagrZelda, bei TavdgiriZem ruseTis winaaRmdeg Coloqis
bolos ajanyebulebma ukan daixies. brZolaSi marjvena napiris soflebis ajanyebaSi.
daiRupnen saxazino glexebi rostom mJavanaZe ajanyebis CaxSobis mizniT xelisuflebis
da gogia menabde.
menabde. mier gatarebuli RonisZiebani naucbaTevi da
1841 wlis 18 ivniss ajanyeba moedo Cox- arasakmarisi aRmoCnda. aucilebeli iyo, gu-
atauris maxlobel soflebs, amboxebulTa riaSi gadasrolili jarebis garda, damate-
rigebi 600 kacs iTvlida. CoxataurSi, sa- biTi Zalebisa da artileriis mobilizeba.
506
vaxtang guruli
amitom iyo, rom Tbilisis samxedro guberna- gadatanas iTxovda. garda amisa, Sepelevma
torma mixail braikom kavkasiis mTavarsardal Cernikovs acnoba, rom redut-kaledan gamo-
evgeni golovins guriis Semdeg imereTSi daw- Zaxebuli pirveli saxazo batalionis me-3
yebuli mRelvarebis Sesaxeb acnoba da jaris aseuli jer kidev ar Canda. podpolkovnikma
damatebiTi kontingenti gamoiTxova. sanam Cernikovma gaaanaliza liaSenkos, Sepelevisa
TbilisSi gadawyvetiebas miiRebdnen, guriis da iacenkos mier miwodebuli informacia,
mazris ufrosma iacenkom saqarTvelos pirve- guriisaken jaris gadaadgileba SeaCera da
li saxazo batalionis meTaur podpolkovnik mdinare rionis marjvena napirze dabanakda.
Sepelevs amjerad ozurgeTSi 50 jariskacisa Cernikovma iacenkosagan icoda, rom ajanye-
da 1 zarbaznis gagzavna sTxova. es is periodi bulebi imereTis mosazRvre sajavaxos TemSi
iyo, rodesac ajanyebulebi sofel lixauri- apirebdnen SeWras. Cernikovs gadawyvetili
saken miemarTebodnen. iacenkos ajanyebulTa hqonda, sajavaxos xeobis gavliT Coxatauris
wm. nikolozis (SekveTilis) simagre
lixaurSi SeSveba ar surda, radgan es maxlo- saguSagosaken gaWriliyo. man quTaisidan sas-
beli soflebis ajanyebaSi Cabmas gamoiwvevda. wrafod gamoiZaxa meore saxazo batalionis
Sepelevi mixvda, rom am ZalebiT viTarebas 100 qveiTi, xolo me-19 saartilerio brigadis
ver Secvlida da amjeradac daxmarebaze uari meTaurs 2 msubuqi zarbazani mosTxova. meore
Tqva. saxazo batalionis meTauris movaleobis Sem-
quTaisidan guriisaken mimavalma pod- srulebel maior krinicskis amdeni jariskaci
polkovnikma Cernikovma quTaisis mazris ar hyavda, amitom man imereTSi samxedro gzis
ufros liaSenkosagan Seityo, rom guriis mSeneblobis ufros maior lobodas sTxova
mosazRvre quTaisis mazris oTx sofelSic samuSaodan gaeTavisuflebina iq dakavebuli
mRelvareba dawyebuliyo. Cernikovi mixvda, jariskacebis naxevari da saswrafod gaegza-
rom aucilebeli iyo quTaisidan guriaSi mi- vna quTaisSi. lobodam Txovna daakmayofila.
mavali gzis dacva. 1841 wlis 4 ivniss mdinare podpolkovnikma Cernikovma miRebuli
rionisa da mdinare cxeniswylis SeerTebis gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb quTaisis mazris
adgilas arsebul saguSagoze misulma ufros liaSenkos da pirveli saxazo batali-
Cernikovma guriis mazris ufros iacenkosa onis meTaur podpolkovnik Sepelevs acnoba,
da saqarTvelos pirveli saxazo batalio- xolo TviTon guriaSi gadawyvita gamgza-
nis ufros podpolkovnik Sepelevisagan gu- vreba, raTa adgilze gascnoboda viTarebas.
riaSi mimdinare ajanyebis Sesaxeb Seityo. am mizniT Cernikovi, pirvel rigSi, guriidan
Sepelevi Cernikovs swerda, rom pirvel imereTisaken mimaval sxvadasxva wodebisa da
saxazo batalions arc provianti hqonda Tanamdebobis adaminebis gamokiTxvas Seudga.
da arc misi Sevsebis saSualeba. Sepelevi male podpolkovniki darwmunda, rom mTxro-
batalionis Stabis zugdididan ozurgeTSi belebi xSirad aWarbebdnen, maTi monaTxrobi
507
zogjer realobidan Sors iyo. Cernikovma aseuli, romelic suramidan axalcixis mimar-
gadawyvita TviTon gamgzavrebuliyo ozur- TulebiT gzis mSeneblobaze iyo dakavebuli.
geTSi. 1841 wlis 5 ivniss, saRamos 8 saaTze, garda amisa, golovinma samegrelos mTavar
Cernikovs guriis mazris ufrosma iacenkom levan V dadians ubrZana arRuTinskis gank-
acnoba, rom ajanyebulTa raodenoba mniS- argulebaSi samegrelos miliciis (saxalxo
vnelovnad Semcirda. am damaimedebeli infor- laSqris) razmi (300 mebrZoli) gaegzavna. sa-
maciis miRebis Semdeg Cernikovma gadawyvita nam samegrelos milicia arRuTinskis gankar-
guriaSi sruli simSvidis damyarebamde qveiT- gulebaSi gadavidoda, mas ufleba mieca ax-
Ta aseulTan erTad cxeniswylis saguSagoze alcixis milicia gamoeyenebina. arRuTinskis
darCeniliyo. Cernikovi imanac gaamxneva, rom daqvemdebarebaSi gadasul samxedro nawilebs
quTaisis mazris ufros liaSenkos da guri- guriis razmi ewoda. evgeni golovinma kavka-
is mazris ufris iacenkos cnobiT, ajanyeba- siis grenaderTa brigadis meTaurs general-
Si ar monawileobdnen sajavaxosa da guriis maior andrei simborskis ubrZana, qarTuli
erT-erTi cnobili Tavadebis _ erisTavebis polkis erTi batalioni quTaisSi gaegzavna,
_ glexebi. male podpolkovnikma Cernikovma romelsac arRuTinski mxolod saWiroebis
samoqmedo gegma Secvala da quTaisidan me-19 SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenebda. arRuTinskis aseve
saartilerio brigadis 2 zarbaznis miRebisTa- ufleba mieca, me-19 saartilerio brigadidan
nave rionze gadasvla da Tavad erisTavebis damatebiT gamoeTxova 2 zarbazani. polkovnik
mamulis gavliT Coxatauris saguSagomde movses arRuTinskis daqvemdebarebaSi guriis
miRweva gadawyvita. cxeniswylis saguSagosa razmis saxiT sakmaod seriozuli samxedro
da rionis fonis dacva man saqarTvelos me-2 Zala aRmoCnda, magram igi piradad saqarTve-
saxazo batalionis invalidTa aseuls (40 ja- lo-imereTis samoqalaqo gubernator gener-
riskaci) Caabara. podpolkovnik Cernikovs al-maior semion kaxanovis daqvemdebarebaSi
gadawyvetili hqonda molaparakebis gziT imyofeboda.. am uxerxulobis nawilobriv aR-
imyofeboda
glexebi ajanyebis Sewyvetaze daeyoliebina. mofxvris mizniT Tbilisis samxedro guber-
glexebis dasamSvideblad jaris gamoyenebas natorma general-leitenantma mixail braikom
Cernikovi mxolod kavkasiis mTavarsardlis semion kaxanovs ubrZana, movses arRuTin-
brZanebis miRebis Semdeg apirebda. skisTan erTad gamgzavrebuliyo guriaSi.
kavkasiis mTavarsardalma evgeni go- qarTvel grenaderTa polkis ori
lovinma qobuleTis beis hasan TavdgiriZis batalioni, romlis nawili guriis razmis
mier ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvris darRvevisa SemadgenlobaSi Cairicxa, gorSi idga da misi
da sofel qaquTis dakavebis ambavi rom gai- ori aseuli saguSago samsaxuriTa da yaz-
go, CaTvala, rom viTareba sagangaSo iyo da armebis mSeneblobiT iyo dakavebuli. kidev
gadamWreli zomebis miRebas saWiroebda. 1841 erTi batalioni sofel javaSi idga, or-nax-
wlis 7 ivniss evgeni golovinma podpolkovni- evari aseuli _ sofel karaleTSi
karaleTSi,, naxevari
ki Cernikovi guriidan gaiwvia da, radgan saqa- aseuli _ sofel WalaSi
WalaSi,, xolo ori aseuli _
rTvelo-imereTis guberniis imereTis, same- mtkvris xeobaSi (suramsa da axalcixes Soris).
grelosa da guriis samxedro nawilis ufrosi am Zalebis Tavmoyra did dros iTxovda. ami-
polkovniki aleqsei brusilovi daRestanSi tom iyo, rom kavkasiis grenaderTa brigadis
imyofeboda, guriaSi mimdinare ajanyebis Cax- meTaurma general-maiorma andrei simbors-
Soba axalcixis olqis ufrosad namsaxurev kim 1841 wlis 12 ivniss qarTvel grenaderTa
polkovnik movses arRuTinski-dolgorukovs polkidan quTaisSi mxolod me-2 batalionis
ubrZana. arRuTinski axalcixeSi msaxurobda, 3 aseuli (450 oficeri da jariskaci) gagza-
flobda somxur da qarTul enebs, icnobda vna, romlebic guriaSi 20 ivnisisaTvis unda
mosaxleobis adaT-wesebs. polkovnik arRu- Casuliyvnen. amasTan erTad, generalma sim-
Tinskis dauqvemdebares saqarTvelos pirve- borskim evgeni golovins sTxova, qarTvel
li da meore saxazo batalionebi, aseve mesame grenaderTa polkidan danarCeni aseulebi gu-
saxazo batalionis nawili, mis gankargule- riaSi aRar gadaesrolaT. amas generali imiT
baSi iyo redut-kales garnizonidan adre xsnida, rom sami aseulis guriaSi gagzavnis
ozurgeTSi gadatanili 2 zarbazani. saWiroe- gamo SeCerda polkis StabisaTvis Senobis
bis SemTxvevaSi arRuTinskis daqvemdebarebaSi mSenebloba. Zlier sicxeSi Tivis damzadebam
gadavidoda samegrelos egerTa polkis erTi jariskacebi masobrivad daaavada, ramac Ta-
508
vaxtang guruli
visTavad gamoiwvia yazarmebis mSeneblobaze natoris general-leitenant mixail braikos

muSaxelis nakleboba. davalebiT, imyofeboda saqarTvelo-imereTis
axalcixeSi myofma polkovnikma movses samoqalaqo gubernatori general-maior se-
arRuTinskim kavkasiis mTavarsardal golo- mion kaxanovi, romelic 1841 wlis 10 ivniss
vinisagan miiRo miweriloba, romlis ZaliT- TbilisSi dabrunda. TbilisSi gamgzavrebis
ac: 1. saqarTvelos mesame saxazo batalionis win semion kaxanovma brZana, axali mRelva-
meTaurs maior voinovs pirveli da meore sax- rebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT aucileblobis
azo batalionebis gasaZliereblad unda gae- SemTxvevaSi gadasaxadi Turquli liriTac mi-
gzavna 150 jariskaci; 2. samegrelos egerTa eRoT. man ozurgeTis mazris ufross daavala,
polkis 1 aseuli mzad unda yofiliyo guri- rom safuZvlianad gamoekvlia ajanyebis mize-
aSi SesaWrelad; 3. axalcixis mazris ufross zebi. samoqalaqo gubernatorma Tavad giorgi
Stabs-kapitan ali beis meTaurobiT sabrZolo nakaSiZes ubrZana, mazris ufrosisaTvis ga-
mzadyofnaSi unda hyoloda 300 milicieli. daeca im 12 glexis sia, romelTac ajanyebis
misTvis daqvemdebarebul Zalebs arRuTin- wamowyeba edebodaT bralad. Tbilisisaken
ski sakmarisad ar Tvlida, amitom evgeni go- mimavali semion kaxanovi sofel gurianTaSi
lovins imereT-guriis sazRvarze damatebiT SeCerda, sadac Seityo, rom sajavaxos TemSi
1 qveiTi batalionis ganlageba sTxova. 1841 ajanyeba jer ar Camcxraliyo, sajavaxoelebis
wlis 10 ivniss polkovniki arRuTinski axal- laSqari Coxatauris saguSagosTan axlos idga
cixidan ozurgeTisaken gaemarTa
gaemarTa.. golovinma banakad. molaparakebis Sedegad sajavaxoelTa
arRuTinskis Txovna ar daakmayofila, radgan laSqari daiSala da ajanyebulebi ojaxebSi
1841 wlis 5 ivniss guriis mazris ufrosma mas dabrundnen.
acnoba, rom ajanyebulebma daSla daiwyes.
Seityo Tu ara es ambavi, golovinma guriis
razmi araTu gazarda, aramed kavkasiis gre-
naderTa brigadis meTaurs general-maior §3. ajanyebis meore etapi (1841 wlis ivlisi _ ag-
andrei simborskis ubrZana, 3 aseulis meti visto)
quTaisSi aRar gaegzavna. imavdroulad ka- saqarTvelo-imereTis samoqalaqo gu-
vkasiis mTavarsardalma brZaneba gasca saqa- bernatori general-maiori semion kaxanovi
rTvelos meore saxazo batalionis 100 ja- darwmunebuli iyo, rom ajanyeba guriaSi das-
riskaci guriis razmis SemadgenlobaSi aRar rulda. moulodnelad, 1841 wlis 27 ivniss,
gaegzavnaT da imereTSi samxedro gzis mSene- sofel nagomris saguSagodan samoqalaqo
blobaze daebrunebinaT. 1841 wlis 10 ivniss gubernators acnobes: ocdaaTamde Seiara-
ozurgeTSi Casuli polkovniki arRuTinski Rebulma glexma scada gaeZarcva pirveli
darwmunda, rom guriis razmis gazrda marT- saxazo batalionis sami jariskaci, romlebic
lac ar iyo aucilebeli, radgan bevr sofelSi ozurgeTSi proviantis misaRebad iyvnen gag-
ajanyebulebi Sin dabrunebuliyvnen. 15 ivniss zavnili. am incidentma kaxanovi daarwmuna,
daRestnidan dabrunda saqarTvelo-imereTis rom sanam ajanyebis moTaveni miuval tyeebs
guberniis imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos afarebdnen Tavs, axali afeTqeba yovelTvis
samxedro nawilis ufrosi polkovniki ale- mosalodneli iyo. meore mxriT, samoqalaqo
qsei brusilovi
brusilovi.. brusilovma arRuTinskis gubernatori fiqrobda, rom tyeSi gasuli
gadasca golovinis brZaneba, romlis mixed- ajanyebis moTaveebis devna mosaxleobaSi
viTac guriaSi ajanyebis CasaxSobad mobili- axal mRelvarebas gamoiwvevda. amitom iyo,
zebuli jaris nawilebi amieridan mas eqvemde- rom saqarTvelo-imereTis samoqalaqo gu-
bareboda, xolo arRuTinski axalcixeSi unda bernatorma guriis razmis meTaur polkovnik
dabrunebuliyo. aleqsei brusilovs ubrZana, razmi mzadyof-
aleqsei brusilovi Seqmnil mdgomareo- naSi hyoloda, raTa ajanyebis kerebis gaCe-
bas gaecno da im daskvnamde mivida, rom gu- na ar daeSva. 1841 wlis ivnisis bolosaTvis
riaSi qarTvel grenaderTa polkis gagzavna guriis razmis SemadgenlobaSi iricxeboda:
saerTod ar iyo saWiro. polkis meTaurma qarTvel grenaderTa polkis 1 batalioni,
podpolkovnikma veselickim polkis ZiriTadi saqarTvelos pirveli saxazo batalioni,
dislokaciis adgilze dabrunebis brZaneba mi- saqarTvelos meore saxazo batalioni, saqa-
iRoo. ozurgeTSi Tbilisis samxedro guber- rTvelos mesame saxazo batalionis 1 aseuli,
509
samegrelos egerTa polkis 1 aseuli, me-19 sagadasaxado sistemiT gaTvaliswinebul fu-

saartilerio brigadis 6 msubuqi zarbazani, lad gadasaxads ar gadaixdidnen. gurianTe-
samegrelosa da axalcixis milicia (600 mebr- lebs mxari lixauris glexobamac dauWira.
Zoli). polkovnikma brusilovma ar gaiziara orive soflis glexebi Seikribnen, sofel-
semion kaxanovis mosazreba da Tanac did sofel iares da ajanyebisaken mouwodes
teritoriaze gafantul guriis razmSi Sema- glexebs. guriis mazris ufrosma jer gadawyvi-
vali samxedro nawilebis saswrafod Tavmoyra ta qveiTTa aseuli gaegzavna ajanyebulTa
SeuZleblad miiCnia. brusilovi Tvlida, rom dasaSlelad, magram Semdeg gadaifiqra. amis
Coxataurisa da nagomris saguSagoebze ganla- mizezi is iyo, rom ajanyebulebs ar hqondaT
gebuli qveiTTa 2 aseuli da kazakTa oceuli, dislokaciis erTi adgili, gauvali gzebiT
romelTac SeiaraRebaze hqondaT 1 zarbazani, calkeul soflebSi maTi devnisTvis ki didi
savsebiT sakmarisi iyo tyeSi gasuli ajanyebis samxedro Zala iyo saWiro. mazris ufrosma
moTaveTa Sesapyrobad. Tbilisis samxedro gu- gadawyvita TviTon Casuliyo gurianTaSi da
bernatori general-leitenanti mixail brai- molaparakeba gaemarTa ajanyebulebTan. gu-
ko kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufros general- rianTaSi Casuli iacenko Sexvda ajanyebulTa
maior pavel kocebus swerda, semion kaxanovi arCeul sam yvelaze gavlenian da avtoritet-
kargad unda icnobdes guriaSi Seqmnil viTa- ul glexs da auxsna, rom maTi qmedeba dasjadi
rebas, misi azriT, guriaSi axali mRelvareba danaSauli iyo. amasTanave, mazris ufrosi
aris mosalodneli. aucilebelia, im mizeze- glexebs hpirdeboda, rom axali sagadasaxado
bis aRmofxvra, romlebmac SeiZleba axali sistemiT dawesebuli gadasaxadi aRar gaiz-
ajanyeba warmoSvaso. samxedro gubernatori rdeboda da guriis mosaxleobas arc ruse-
sagangebod aRniSnavda, rom Crdilo kavkasi- Tis jarSi rekrutis wesiT gawveva mouwevda.
idan jarebis gadmosrola SeuZlebeli iyo, iacenkom ajanyebulebs mouwoda ojaxebSi da-
radgan yvela samxedro nawili im raionebis brunebuliyvnen da gadasaxadic gadaexadaT,
alyiTze idga, sadac Savi Wiri mZvinvarebda. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, xelisufleba iZule-
braiko Tvlida, kargad gaazrebuli da frTx- buli iqneboda, jari gamoeyenebina. 1841 wlis
ili RonisZiebebis gatarebiT guriaSi axali 3 agvistos glexTa warmomadgenlebi mazris
ajanyebis dawyeba ar unda daeSvaT. kocebu ufrosTan gamocxadnen da amcnes: ramdenime
Tavdapirvelad brusilovis daskvnas daeTa- moxuci glexi Tanaxma iyo ajanyeba Seewyvita,
nxma, Semdeg braikos dauWira mxari, magram, magram glexebis absoluturma umravlesobam
roca kaxanovs piradad esaubra, aucileblad fici dado, rom bolomde ibrZolebdnen. cxa-
miiCnia, guriaSi saqarTvelos mesame saxazo di gaxda, rom guriaSi ajanyeba grZeldeboda.
batalionis kidev erTi aseulis gagzavna. es 1841 wlis 5 agvistos saqarTvelo-
gadawyvetileba dauyovnebliv ecnoba axal- imereTis samoqalaqo gubernatorma gener-
cixeSi myof movses arRuTinskis. 1841 wlis al-maiorma andrei kaxanovma guriis razmis
7 ivliss axalcixidan ozurgeTSi gaigzavna meTaur polkovnik aleqsei brusilovs ubr-
mesame saxazo batalionis 1 aseuli (2 ofic- Zana, sofel nagomris saguSagodan qveiTTa 1
eri, 12 umcrosi oficeri, 120 jariskaci). aseuli 1 zarbazniT sofel ozurgeTSi gadae-
movlenaTa ganviTarebam daadastura, yvana.
rom guriaSi Seqmnil viTarebas yvelaze obi- ajanyebulTa rigebi swrafad izrde-
eqturad afasebda saqarTvelo-imereTis boda. gurianTelebsa da lixaurelebs male
samoqalaqo gubernatori general-maiori se- SeuerTdnen soflebis CaxaTisa da CoCxaTis
mion kaxanovi. am ukanasknelis mosazreba, ro- glexebi.. am soflebis glexebs gadasaxadi
glexebi
gorc aRvniSneT, ar gaiziara aleqsei brusi- ukve gastumrebuli hqondaT, magram mainc
lovma, tyeSi gasuli ajanyebis moTaveebi ver SeuerTdnen amboxebulebs. 1841 wlis agvis-
Seipyres da, amdenad, axali ajanyebisaken toSi ajanyebul glexebs Tanadgoma gamoucxa-
mowodebebic ver aRkveTes. 1841 wlis ivli- da guriis aznaurTa didma nawilma, Tavadebis
sis bolos glexebis protesti nel-nela isev nawili ki ozurgeTSi gamocxadda da xe-
aSkara urCobasa da daumorCileblobaSi gada- lisuflebas aRuTqva daxmareba. mogvianebiT
izarda. polkovniki arRuTinski aznaurebis ajanye-
1841 wlis ivlisis bolos sofel gurian- baSi Cabmas saSiS movlenad miiCnevda, radgan
Tis glexebma sajarod ganacxades, rom axali male aznaurebi amboxebis moTaveTa Soris aR-
510
vaxtang guruli
moCndnen. ri aznauri iyo. sagangaSo iyo cnoba imis Ses-

guriaSi ajanyebis ganaxlebam ukidures- axeb, rom gogoreTSi CoCxaTidan da lixauri-
ad SeaSfoTa kavkasiis mTavarsardali evge- dan ajanyebulTa razmebis mosvlas elodnen,
ni golovini. xelisufleba SiSobda, igi ar raTa erToblivi ZaliT Tavs dasxmodnen Savi
gavrcelebuliyo samegrelosa da saqarT- zRvis sanapiroze mdebare wm. nikolozis si-
velos sxva kuTxeebSi, aseve Crdilo kavka- magres. brusilovma razmi gogoreTidan ori
siaSi. versis moSorebiT SeaCera da ajanyebulebTan
1841 wlis 8 agvistosaTvis guriaSi gen- mosalaparakeblad kapitani gabaSvili gag-
eral-maior semion kaxanovis gankargulebaSi zavna, romelsac Tan axlda pirveli saxazo
iyo saqarTvelos pirveli da meore saxazo batalionis 100 jariskaci. gabaSvils asi met-
batalionebis 700 oficeri da jariskaci, aqe- ric ki ar hqonda gavlili tyeSi mimaval viwro
dan 444 uSualod ozurgeTSi imyofeboda, gzaze, rom moulodnelad misi razmi ajanyeb-
xolo danarCeni guriaSive, sxvadasxva saguS- ulTa jvaredin cecxlSi moeqca. brusilovma
agoze iyo ganlagebuli. kaxanovma polkovnik saswrafod daZra Tavisi razmi da zarbazne-
brusilovs saswrafod sabrZolo moqmedebidan gaxsnili cecxliT ajanyebulebi aiZu-
bebis dawyeba daavala. brusilovma verc am- la, srola SeewyvitaT. male amboxebulebma
jerad gamoiCina saTanado gamWriaxoba, man gzis orive mxridan srola isev ganaaxles,
gadawyvita Seteva guriis Savi zRvis sanapir- sapasuxo cecxli gaxsnes rusebmac. ormxrivi
odan daewyo, sadac ruseTis jaris dasaxmare- srola dilis 10 saaTidan naSuadRevis 2 saa-
blad imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis mili- Tamde gagrZelda. polkovnikma brusilovma
cias unda moeyara Tavi. brusilovi guriaSi gadawyvita, rom tyis masivSi mimavali viwro,
1841 wlis 8 agvistos Cavida. ozurgeTSi misi atalaxebuli da Waobiani gziT gogoreTisaken
Casvla daemTxva amboxebulTa mier aqtiuri moZraoba saxifaTo iyo. ajanyebulebi gzaze
sabrZlo moqmedebebis dawyebas. 8 agvistos aucileblad moawyobdnen Casafrebebs. brusi-
ajanyebulebma ozurgeTidan wm. nikolozis lovs afiqrebda isic, rom oTxsaaTiani brZo-
(SekveTilis) simagrisaken mimaval gzaze tye- lis Semdeg TiTqmis amoiwura yumbarebisa da
Si Casafreba moawyves, cecxli gauxsnes rus tyviis maragi. gogoreTisaken gzis gagrZele-
jariskacebs, romelTac urmebiT jarisaTvis baze polkovnikma uari imitomac Tqva, rom
provianti gadahqondaT. polkovniki brusi- saTanado rezervi ar gaaCnda: ozurgeTSi
lovi ufro cudis molodinSi iyo, misi gan- mxolod saguSago razmi iyo datovebuli,
kargulebiT proviantis gadamzidi urmebis romelic hospitalSi myof 200 avadmyof ja-
dacva pirveli saxazo batalionis jariskace- riskacsa da proviants icavda. brusilovma
biT gaaZlieres, xolo sofel lixaurSi gaig- SeZlo ukandaxevis organizebulad warmarT-
zavna meore saxazo batalionis erTi aseuli va, Tumca ajanyebulma gurulebma 12 versis
poruCik WilaZis meTaurobiT. WilaZem lixau- manZilze sdies rusebs da ramdenjerme Zl-
relebs daSlisa da Sin dabrunebisaken mou- ieri cecxlic gauxsnes. ajanyebulTa Setevis
woda. Sekrebili 100 ajanyebulis saxeliT mogerieba rusebma mxolod xelCarTuli br-
poruCik WilaZes ganucxades: gurianTelebi- ZoliT SeZles xolme. gogoreTTan ruseTis
saTvis fici gvaqvs micemuli, rom gadasaxads jaris winaaRmdeg brZolis erT-erTi xelmZR-
ar gadavixdiT da sanam isini uarze dganan, vaneli aznauri abesa bolqvaZe iyo. brZoleb-
Cvenc ar gadavixdiT gadasaxadso. Si rusebs 6 kaci moukles, 16 daiWra. radgan
polkovniki aleqsei brusilovi SiSobda, brusilovma zarbaznebi gamoiyena, gacilebiT
rom ajanyebulebi ozurgeTidan wm. nikolozis didi danakargi hqondaT ajanyebulebs: daax-
simagrisaken (SekveTilisaken) mimaval gzas ga- loebiT 15 mokluli da 40 daWrili, daiWra
daketavdnen. 1841 wlis 9 agvistos, dilis 5 abesa bolqvaZec. polkovnik brusilovs dana-
saaTze, brusilovi 200 qveiTiTa da 2 zarba- kargi imdenad ar awuxebda, ramdenadac _ gog-
zniT ozurgeTidan sofel gogoreTisaken oreTis ajanyebulTa xelSi datoveba, radgan
gaemarTa. gzaSi man Seityo, rom gogoreTSi ozurgeTidan wm. nikolozis simagrisaken mi-
eklesiasTan daxloebiT 300 kaci iyo Sekrebi- mavali gza gadaiketa. sul male ozurgeTis
li, xolo mTlianad sofelSi 500 ajanyebuls garnizoni proviantis gareSe darCeboda. mo-
moeyara Tavi. brusilovma isic Seityo, rom salodneli Sedegis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
gogoreTSi Sekrebil ajanyebulTa Soris bev- brusilovma xorblisa da simindis fqvilis,
511
Romis maragis Seqmnis brZaneba gasca. ozur- garnizoni didxans ver gauZlebda. es kar-
geTSi Zalze gaWirda cxenebis gamokveba, gad icoda polkovnikma brusilovmac, magram
radgan ajanyebulTa SiSiT cxenebs saZovarze daxmarebis aRmoCena ar SeeZlo.1841 wlis 9
ver uSvebdnen, xolo furaJis maragi amowu- agvistosaTvis ozurgeTSi sabrZolo mzady-
ruli iyo. ofnaSi mxolod qveiTi jaris 300 oficeri da
ajanyebulebi gogoreTTan gamarTul jariskaci da 20 kazaki iyo, jars SeiaraRe-
brZolaSi gamarjvebiT ar dakmayofildnen. baze gaaCnda 2 zarbazani. ozurgeTSi myofi
9 agvistosve, saRamos 8 saaTze, isini Tavs guriis miliciis imedi brusilovs ar hqon-
daesxnen ruseTis jaris aRals, romelsac da. Seqmnil viTarebaSi man erTaderTi swo-
ozurgeTidan sofel gurianTaSi provianti ri gadawyvetileba miiRo: 1. redut-kaleSi
gadahqonda. aRalis gamcilebeli 8 jaris- mdgar pirveli saxazo batalionis aseulis
kacidan 4 mokles, ori ki tyved aiyvanes, meTaurs poruCik kovalevskis ubrZana, aseu-
gamcilebelTa SeiaraReba da mTeli aRali lis nawili (50 umcrosi oficeri da jariska-
ajanyebulebs darCaT. rusebis momxre Ta- ci) wm. nikolozis simagris garnizonis dasax-
vadi giorgi nakaSiZe ajanyebulebs daedevna, mareblad gaegzavna; 2. polkovnik movses ar-
ori kaci moukla, ori dauWra da nadavlis RuTinskis sTxova, sofel gurianTaSi mdgari
nawilic waarTva. 9 agvistos ajanyebulTa ruseTis jaris garnizonisaTvis saswrafod
meore razmi (daaxloebiT 200 kaci) Tavs dae- mieSvelebina 300 milicieli; 3. saswrafod
sxa mdinare Coloqis marjvena napirze arse- aRedginaT natanebis da gaeZlierebinaT lix-
bul ruseTis jaris saguSagos, sadac 4 kaza- auris saguSagoebi; 4. ozurgeTsa da quTaiss
ki imyofeboda, 3 kazaki da saguSagos mTeli Soris regularuli kavSirisa da mimosvlis
qoneba ajanyebulebma Caigdes xelSi. male aRdgenis mizniT yoveli Rone unda exmaraT
ajanyebulebma daatyveves saguSagos axlos cxeniswylis rionTan SeerTebis adgilas ar-
myofi kidev 9 kazaki. saguSagos ufrosi rusi sebuli saguSagos dasacavad. brusilovma
uriadniki Tavdasxmis dros iq ar imyofeboda, swori gadawyvetilebebi ki miiRo, magram Tvi-
Seityo Tu ara ajanyebulTa mier saguSagos Tonac kargad icoda, rom maTi Sesruleba
ganadgurebisa da kazakTa datyvevebis am- Zneli iqneboda. amitom iyo, rom man Seqmnili
bavi, uriadnikma momxdari ozurgeTSi myof viTarebis Sesaxeb moaxsena kavkasiis korpusis
brusilovs acnoba. Coloqis saguSagos ga- Stabis ufros general-maior pavel kocebus
nadgurebis Semdeg ajanyebulebma daarbies da Tan guriaSi damatebiTi jaris gagzavna
Coloqze mdebare sabaJo da karantini, tyved sTxova. brusilovi varaudobda, rom sakiTx-
aiyvanes 2 straJniki da ramdenime rusi muSa. is dadebiTad gadawyvetis SemTxvevaSic 1841
miRweuli gamarjvebebiT frTaSesxmuli wlis 20 agvistoze adre jarebi ozurgeTamde
ajanyebulebi agrZelebdnen ruseTis jaris ver moaRwevdnen. amitom iyo, rom Tbilisidan
winaaRmdeg brZolas. aznauri gogia qarcivaZe pasuxis miRebamde man maior lobodas
lobodas,, ro-
sofel natanebTan mcire razmiT Tavs daesxa melic meore saxazo batalionis 200 jariskac-
ruseTis jaris saguSagos, gaZarcva da gadaw- iT imereTSi samxedro gzas aSenebda, sTxova,
va, gaanadgura mdinare natanebze rusebis 100 jariskaci gzis mSeneblobidan gamoeTa-
mier agebuli gadasasvleli, ris Sedegadac visuflebina. es 100 jariskaci unda SeerTe-
gawyda kavSiri wm.nikolozis simagresTan. boda quTaisidan swrafi marSiT, 2 zarbaznis
1841 wlis 10 agvistos polkovniki aleqsei TanxlebiT, cxeniswylis saguSagosaken mima-
brusilovi kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufros val meore saxazo batalionis aseuls. orive
general-maior pavel kocebus moaxsenebda, aseuli saswrafod unda daZruliyo ozurge-
rom ajanyebulebma winaswar dawves is xidebi Tisaken. garda amisa, me-2 saxazo batalionis
da bornebi, romlebic SeiZleboda ruseTis meTaurma maiorma piSkinma miiRo brZaneba,
jars gamoeyenebina. batalionis darCenili nawilic ozurgeTSi
ajanyebulTa mier strategiuli pun- gadaeyvana. brusilovi varaudobda, rom Tu
qtebis dakavebis Sedegad mZime mdgomareobaSi am ZalebiT ajanyebulebs ver daamarcxebda,
aRmoCnda wm. nikolozis (SekveTilis) simagre. ozurgeTs mainc SeinarCunebda.
simagris garnizoni sul 14 oficrisa da ja- 1841 wlis agvistos Sua xanebisaT-
riskacisagan Sedgeboda, es ki imas niSnavda, vis TiTqmis mTeli guria ajanyebuli iyo.
rom Tu ajanyebulebi simagres Seutevdnen, radgan brusilovma ar icoda, rodis moaRw-
512
vaxtang guruli
evda damxmare jari ozurgeTamde, kavkasiis TxvevaSi ar daeSva guriis razmis gafantva
mTavarsardlis brZanebas aRar daeloda da sxvadasxva sofelsa da saguSagoze, raTa igi
ozurgeTis SenarCunebis mizniT ramdenime Tavdasxmis saSiSroebis winaSe ar damdgari-
RonisZieba gaatara: man ozurgeTidan zug- yo; 3. qveiTi jars Tavi unda aeridebina tyis
didSi samegrelos mTavar levan dadianTan masivebisaTvis, raTa ajanyebulTa cecxlis
Sikriki gagzavna TxovniT, samegrelos mili- qveS ar moyoliliyvnen, rac umizno msxver-
cia redut-kales
redut-kales,, foTisa da wm
wm.. nikolozis pls gamoiwvevda; 4. wm. nikolozis simagridan
simagris gavliT ozurgeTSi Sesuliyo. ima- ozurgeTis garnizonis sursaTiT momaragebis
vdroulad brusilovma imereTis miliciis SeuZleblobis gamo momarageba cxeniswylis
ufross polkovnik Tavad wereTels quTaisi- saguSagodan unda momxdariyo. Tbilisis samx-
dan ozurgeTisaken mimavali gzis dacva daav- edro gubernatorma werili gaugzavna saqa-
ala. am gzis dacvas gansakuTrebulli mniS- rTvelo-imereTis samoqalaqo gubernators
vneloba imitom eniWeboda, rom ajanyebulebi general-maior semion kaxanovs. braiko werda:
ozurgeTi _quTaisis gzis Caketvis mizniT 1. guriis mosaxleobas ar esmis, rom xelisu-
ruseTis jaris Coxataurisa da cxeniwylis flebas gaaCnia Zala imisaTvis, rom gurulebi
saguSagoebis ganadgurebas apirebdnen. ozur- aiZulos uwesrigoba Sewyviton da usityvod
geTSi sabrZolo saWurvlis maragi TiTqmis Seasrulon yvela brZaneba da gankarguleba;
amowuruli iyo. 11 agvistos brusilovma 2. gurianTisa da lixauris glexebis winaSe,
polkovnik wereTels quTaisis saartilerio romelTac gadasaxadis gadaxdaze uari ga-
sawyobidan ozurgeTSi 30 fuTi tyviisa da 20 nacxades, xelisufleba mas Semdegac ki daT-
fuTi Tofiswamlis gadatana ubrZana. mobaze midis, rac sxva soflebis mosaxleobam
1841 wlis 9 agvistos gogoreTis br- gadasaxadi gadaixada; 3. ajanyebulTa winaaRm-
Zolis Semdeg polkovnik aleqsei brusilo- deg aucilebelia gadamwyveti moqmedeba, raTa
vis mier kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufros loialobam uares Sedegamde ar migviyvanos; 4.
general-maior pavel kocebusaTvis gagza- gurianTisa da lixauris mcxovrebTa winaaRm-
vnili moxseneba am ukanasknelma 11 agvistos deg iaraRi unda gamoiyenoT mas Semdeg, rac
Semdeg miiRo. kocebum Seqmnili viTarebis molaparakeba Sedegs ar gamoiRebs; 5. Tu iara-
Sesaxeb Tbilisis samxedro gubernatos gen- Ris gamoyeneba aucilebeli gaxda, quTaisidan
eral-leitenant mixail braikos acnoba. ko- guriaSi unda gadaisrolon damatebiTi samx-
cebum brusilovs Seatyobina: 1. guriis razmi edro Zala; 6. Tu cxadi gaxda, rom molapara-
quTaisSi darCenili meore saxazo batalionis keba Sedegs ar gamoiRebs da samomavlodac ax-
ZalebiT gaZlierdeboda; 2. ozurgeTis mimar- ali afeTqebis saSiSroeba iqneba, mosaxleoba
TulebiT daiZvreboda afxazeTSi ganlagebu- mTeli simkacriT unda daisajos.
li meore saxazo batalionis yvela aseuli, didi safrTxe eloda wm. nikolozis si-
romelTa moxsna poziciebidan SesaZlebeli magres, romelic praqtikulad simagres mx-
iqneboda, aseve _ samegrelosa da imereTis mi- olod qaRaldze warmoadgenda, da araTu xan-
licia. kocebum brusilovs ubrZana, guriidan grZlivi alyis, aramed xanmokle TavdacviTi
quTaisSi dabrunebamde saqarTvelo-imereTis brZolis gadatanac ki ar SeeZlo. simagris
guberniis imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis sasowarkveTili ufrosi, kapitani SCedrini
SCedrini,,
samxedro nawilis ufrosoba donis kazakTa meore saxazo batalionis meTaurs maior kr-
merve polkis meTaur polkovnik buiurovi- inickis Txovda, raime daxmareba aRmoeCina
saTvis gadaebarebina. imave brZanebaSi aRniS- garnizonisaTvis. ajanyebulebi swrafad da
nuli iyo, rom guriis razmis meTaurad kvlav gabedulad moqmedebdnen da krinickis mxri-
iniSneboda polkovniki movses arRuTinski- dan mosalodneli daxmarebis miRebas ar dauS-
dolgorukovi. 1841 wlis 14 agvistos kocebum vebdnen. wm. nikolozis simagres ar gaaCnda
arRuTinskis acnoba, rom igi guriis razmis TavdacvisaTvis aucilebeli arc miwayrili
meTaurad dainiSna. da arc sangrebi, simagris teritoriaze ar iyo
Tbilisis samxedro gubernatorma gen- sursaTisa da sabrZolo masalis sawyobebi. si-
eral-leitenantma mixail braikom polkovnik magres mudmivi garnizonic ar hyavda, ozur-
arRuTinskis Semdegi instruqcia gaugza- geTidan saguSago samsaxurisaTvis garkveuli
vna: 1. SeZlebisdagvarad Tavidan aecilebina vadiT igzavneboda 3 oficeri, 20 jariskaci
sisxlisRvra; 2. ajanyebis gaZlierebis Sem- da 7 kazaki. Waobis hava jariskacTa xSiri
513
avadmyofobis mizezi iyo. 1841 wlis agvistos gzis Caxergvis ambavi pilkovnik brusilovs
damdegisaTvis wm. nikolozis simagreSi 13 ax- lixauris mouravma qaixosro TayaiSvilma
alwveuli jariskaci da 1 umcrosi oficeri Seatyobina. brusilovma CaTvala, rom an imave
imyofeboda. axalwveulebs erTianad daria RamiT, 10 agvistos, an meore dRes gamTeniisas
xeli ciebam. aleqsei brusilovma kargad ico- ajanyebulebi ozurgeTs daesxmodnen Tavs. man
da simagris savalalo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, ozurgeTidan sami versis moSorebiT mdgari
amitom misi garnizonis gaZlierebis brZaneba karantinis Senobis dasacavad 25 jariskaci
gasca. 1841 wlis 9 agvistos redut-kaledan gagzavna da imavdroulad ozurgeTSi myof
wm. nikolozis simagris gasaZliereblad da- guriis miliciis ufross karantinis Senobis
iZra pirveli saxazo batalionis razmi, ma- dasacavad damatebiT milicielTa razmiT
gram imis gamo, rom natanebis saguSago ukve daxmareba ubrZana. guriis miliciis ufrosi
ajanyebulebis xelSi iyo, razmi simagreSi ver da sxva Tavadebi Tvlidnen, rom miliciaSi
Sevida. 10 agvistos wm. nikolozis simagres momsaxure aznaurebisa da glexobis ndoba
2.000 ajanyebuli miuaxlovda. ajanyebulTa ar SeiZleboda, ris gamoc karantinis Senobis
erT-erT razms aznauri abesa bolqvaZe meTau- dasacavad razmis gagzavnaze maT brusilovs
robda. xanmokle Setakebis Semdeg, romlis uari uTxres. brusilovmac kargad uwyoda,
drosac erTi jariskaci daiWra, 900 ajanyebu- rom miliciis ndoba saSiSi iyo. 10 agvistos,
li simagreSi SeiWra, gaZarcva da daarbia igi. saRamos, daiwyo Zlieri wvima, romelic 11
simagreSi SeWrili ajanyebulebi, pirvel rig- agvistosac gagrZelda, ramac ajanyebulebis
Si, yazarmaSi Secvivdnen, xelT igdes iaraRi moqmedeba Seaferxa. amiT isargebla brusi-
da sabrZolo masala da mxolod amis Semdeg lovma da 11 agvistos gamTeniisas 50 jaris-
gaemarTnen simagris ufrosis, kapitan SCe- kaci da 30 Tavadi guriis miliciidan karanti-
drinis, saxlisaken. maT SCedrins mosTxoves nis ozurgeTis sabaJos SenobaSi gadasatanad
mis saxlSi daculi iaraRis, Tofiswamlisa gagzavna. karantinis Senobas miaxloebulma
da, saerTod, mTeli qonebis gadacema. uaris rusma jariskacebma da qarTvelma Tavadebma
SemTxvevaSi, ajanyebulebi tyveebis daxocviT tyiT dafaruli mTis kalTebidan Camomavali
imuqrebodnen. SCedrinma moTxovna Seasrula. ajanyebulebi SeniSnes. maT mosvlamde Ta-
200 ajanyebulma gaZarcva sabaJo, iq daculi vadebma da jariskacebma karantinis Senobidan
dokumentacia dawves. simagris dakavebis Sem- qonebis ZiriTadi nawilis gamotana moaswres,
deg 100 ajanyebuli iqve darCa, xolo 1000 cxenebsa da urmebze datvirTes da ozurge-
kaci natanebis saguSagosTan dadga. kapitanma Tisaken daiZrnen. ajanyebulebma karantinis
SCedrinma ajanyebis meTaurebTan molapara- Senoba gadawves.
kebis Sedegad garnizonis 14 samxedro mosam- ozurgeTSi myofi polkovniki aleqsei
saxuresTan erTad simagris datovebis ufleba brusilovi uimedo mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda.
miiRo. rusebi mdinare natanebis SesarTavTan mis daqvemdebarebaSi 1841 wlis 13 agvisto-
mdgari karWapiT redut-kaleSi apirebdnen saTvis iyo: 500 rusi oficeri da jariskaci,
gadasvlas, maT sabaJos momsaxure person- 100 milicieli, 20 kazaki 2 zarbazniTa da
alic SeuerTda. daiZra Tu ara karWapi, wm. 8 yumbariT. 14 agvistosaTvis guriis razms
nikolozis simagreSi myofma ajanyebulebma unda SeerTeboda: meore saxazo batalionis
cecxli gaxsnes. karWapma afris aSveba da zR- 200 oficeri da jariskaci me-19 saartilerio
vaSi Sesvla moaswro. brigadis 2 zarbazniTa da maior lobodas
wm. nikolozis simagris dakavebasTan er- razmi _ 125 oficeri da jariskaci. damxmare
Tad, ajanyebulebma daikaves mdinare malTay- Zalis mosvla, ra Tqma unda, sasixarulo iyo,
vasa da mdinare sufsaze arsebuli gadasas- magram ozurgeTSi sursaTisa da proviantis
vlelebi. amis Semdeg isini 1841 wlis 11 an maragi TiTqmis amowuruliyo. redut-kale-
12 agvistos ozurgeTze laSqrobis dawyebas dan wm. nikolozis simagris gavliT provian-
apirebdnen. mogvianebiT ajanyebulebma gegma tis miRebas rusebi ver SeZlebdnen, radgan
odnav Secvales da sofel gurianTaSi gamagre- simagre ukve ajanyebulebs ekavaT. brusi-
buli pirveli saxazo batalionis ganadgureba lovs afiqrebda isic, rom male ozurgeTSi
gadawyvites. sanam gurianTis garnizons Seu- polkovniki arRuTinski unda mosuliyo ax-
tevdnen, ozurgeTidan gurianTisaken mimavali alcixis miliciiT. kavkasiis korpusis Stabis
gza maT TxrilebiTa da xergilebiT dafares. gankargulebis Tanaxmad, polkovniki brusi-
514
vaxtang guruli
lovi Crdilo kavkasiaSi ubixebis winaaRmdeg olod 13 agvistomde ikmarebda. 13 agvistos

sabrZolvelad unda gamgzavrebuliyo mx- proviantis amowurvis Semdeg miqelaZem maior
olod mas Semdeg, rac ozurgeTSi arRuTinski nakaSiZesa da mis ZmebTan TaTbiris Semdeg
Cavidoda. gadawyvita, saguSago daetovebina da ozurge-
ozurgeTSi TavdacvisaTvis emzadebod- Tis garnizons SeerTeboda, megzuroba nakaSi-
nen. droebiT SeCerda yvela samuSao, rac gar- Zem ikisra. miqelaZem Ramis sibneliT isarge-
nizonSi zamTris dadgomamde unda dasruleb- bla da tyis bilikebiT ozurgeTisaken da-
uliyo. SeiaraRdnen samxedro mosamsaxureebi, iZra. razmma ozurgeTs mSvidobianad miaRwia.
maT Soris isinic ki, vinc, Cveulebriv, iaraRs maior nakaSiZis ojaxis wevrebi gurianTaSi
ar atarebdnen. iaraRi dauriges guriis mi- veRar gaCerdebodnen, amitom isini lanCxuT-
liciasac. miuxedavad gatarebuli RonisZie- Si, Tavad maWutaZis mamulSi, gaxiznes. guri-
bebisa, viTareba mainc kritikuli iyo: sabr- anTaSi ruseTis jaris saguSagos moSlis Sem-
Zolo masala ar ikmarebda xangrZlivi br- deg ozurgeTidan foTisa da wm. nikolozis
ZolebisaTvis, guriis milicias tyvia-wamali simagrisaken mimaval gzebze ajanyebulebma
saerTod ar gaaCnda, swrafad mcirdeboda sruli kontroli daamyares.
proviantis maragi, TiTqmis aRar iyo fura- sofel askanasTan saguSagoze mdgari 6
Ji cxenebisaTvis, garnizonis oficrebisa da jariskaci sursaTis gareSe iyo darCenili.
jariskacebis mniSvnelovani nawili ciebiT polkovnikma brusilovma mxolod is moaxerxa,
iyo daavadebuli, 250 kaci hospitalSi iwva, rom damSeul jariskacebs 6 puri gaugzavna.
maT ricxvs yoveldRiurad emateboda 15-20 lixaurelebis mier waqezebulma askanelebma
adamiani. ciebam gansakuTrebiT daria xeli 12 agvistos ruseTis jaris saguSagos alya
axalcixidan gadmosrolil mesame saxazo Semoartyes da mis ganadgurebas apirebdnen,
batalionis jariskacebs. ajanyebis mimdinare- magram Semdeg ratomRac gadaifiqres da va-
obis Sesaxeb brusilovi cnobebs SemTxvevidan kijvris saguSago aikles da gaZarcves. lix-
SemTxvevamde Tu Rebulobda. aravin uwyoda, aurelebma rom Seityves, askanis saguSago
SeZlebdnen Tu ara ozurgeTisaken gaWras gadarCao, 50 SeiaraRebuli glexi askani-
sxvadasxva saguSagoze mdgari razmebi. ozur- saken daiZra, magram SimSilisagan ganawamebi
geTamde moRweuli cnobebis Tanaxmad, lix- rusi jariskacebi askanis mouravma ixsna. man
auris saguSago (1 oficeri da 8 jariskaci) ajanyebulebs saguSagos ganadgureba gadaaf-
ukve ganicdida sursaTis Zlier naklebobas. iqrebina.
saguSagos ajanyebulebma alya Semoartyes da 1841 wlis 8-13 agvistomde ajanyeb-
garesamyaros moswyvites. 1841 wlis 13 agvis- ulebma ozurgeTis garSemo ruseTis jaris
tos saguSagoze myofma oficerma da jaris- yvela mniSvnelovani saguSago gaanadgures,
kacebma lixauris mouravis qaixosro TayaiS- ozurgeTi moswyvites wmwm.. nikolozis simagres,
vilis dedis daxmarebiT alyas Tavi daaRwies foTs da redut-kales
redut-kales.. rusebi jerjerobiT
da ozurgeTSi Cavidnen. brusilovma mouravis akontrolebdnen ozurgeTidan sofel saja-
deda 10 vercxlis maneTiT daajildova. guri- vaxos gavliT quTaisisaken mimaval gzas. mar-
anTis saguSagoze poruCik miqelaZis meTau- Talia, ozurgeTis garSemo ajanyebulTa sul
robiT pirveli saxazo batalionis 9 umcrosi ufro didi raodenoba iyrida Tavs, magram
oficeri da 70 jariskaci idga. 10 agvisto- isini mazris centrze Setevas jerjerobiT ar
saTvis aq sursaTis maragi amoiwura, 11 agvis- apirebdnen.
todan ki saguSago alyaSi moeqca. poruCikma ozurgeTis garSemo ajanyebulTa Tav-
miqelaZem proviantis maragis Sevseba da 35 moyris dReebSi gavrcelda xma, rom qobule-
jariskacis miSveleba iTxova. brusilovma Tis sanjayidan ajanyebuli gurulebis dasax-
gurianTis saguSagos daxmareba ver aRmouCi- mareblad 100 osmalo meomari gadmovida.
na, radgan proviantiT datvirTuli urmebi TavisTavad, es rusebma qobuleTis sanjayis
ajanyebulebma igdes xelT. polkovnikma isRa mmarTvel hasan TavdgiriZes daukavSires.
moaxerxa, rom simindisa da Romis Sesasy- mouladnelad hasan beim polkovnik aleqsei
idad poruCik miqelaZes 30 vercxlis maneTi brusilovs SemouTvala, rom mas, rogorc
gaugzavna. miqelaZem mxolod 5 maneTis Ri- ruseTis mosazRvre osmaleTis provinciis
rebulebis simindis Sesyidva moaxerxa, rac mmarTvels, surda daxmareba aRmoeCina osma-
oficrebisa da jariskacebis gamosakvebad mx- leTis megobari qveynis, ruseTisaTvis. Cveu-
515
lebriv viTarebaSi brusilovi seriuzulad Seteva kokispiruli wvimis gamo gadaido. 15

ar miiRebda hasan beis winadadebas, magram agvistos mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi ajanyeb-
amjerad igi imdenad mZime mdgomareobaSi ulebi sayvirebiT niSans aZlevdnen garSemo
iyo, rom SemoTavazeba seriozulad miiRo. soflebis mosaxleobas. isini nasakiralis
brusilovma hasan bei TavdgiriZes sTxova: 1. mTaze Seikribnen. aq gadioda sofel nagom-
qobuleTis sanjayis monakveTze ruseT-os- risaken mimavali gza. ajanyebulebis mizani
maleTis sazRvris dacva imdenad gaeZliere- iyo ar gaetarebinaT quTaisidan ozurgeTSi
bina, rom verc osmalebi gadmosuliyvnen mimavali meore saxazo batalionis aseuli 2
guriaSi da verc gurulebi _ qobuleTis qvemexiT. 15 agvistodan ozurgeTi mTlianad
sanjaySi. 2. aekrZala qobuleTis sanjayidan mowyda gare samyaros.
guriaSi tyvia-wamlis Setana; 3. ruseTis xe- ozurgeTis alyaSi moqceva kavkasiis ko-
lisuflebisaTvis gadaeca tyveebiT movaWre rpusis Stabis ufrosis general-maior pavel
gurulebi, xolo tyveebi samSobloSi dae- kocebus, Tbilisis samxedro gubernatoris
brunebina. brusilovma imave TxovniT mimarTa general-leitenant mixail braikos, saqarT-
yarsisa da arzrumis faSebs. hasan bei Tavd- velos samoqalaqo gubernatoris general-
giriZem brusilovis Txovnis dakmayofileba maior semion kaxanovis da guriis razmis
SesaZleblad miiCnia. 1841 wlis 13 agvistos meTauris polkovnik aleqsei brusilovis
brusilovTan gamocxadda ori osmalo, maT mier daSvebuli araerTi Secdomis Sedegi iyo.
Tan moiyvanes ori qarTveli, romelTa gayid- ajanyebulebi ukve 1841 wlis agvistos dam-
vas gamtacebeli qobuleTSi apirebda. hasan degidan kargad sargeblobdnen am SecdomebiT.
beis gamogzavnilebma brusilovs acnobes, rom 11 agvistos foTis midamoebSi 23 ajanyebulma
qobuleTis sanjayis mmarTveli mzad iyo dax- gareka ruseTis jaris kuTvnili xarebi, xolo
mareboda ruseTis xelisuflebas da brZanebas mwyemsi daatyveva. 13 agvistos isini kidev
eloda. brusilovis TxovniT, hasan bei Tavd- ufro axlos mividnen foTis cixesTan, naZ-
giriZe imave dRes gamocxadda mosalaparake- arcvi navebSi CatvirTes da mSvidad gaudgnen
blad. polkovnikma mas igive Txovna gaumeora gzas. foTis midamoebSi ajanyebulTa gamoCe-
da damatebiT guriaSi Semosuli 100 osmalo nis Semdeg quTaisidan foTSi jarisaTvis pro-
mebrZolis ukan gawvevac sTxova. hasan beim viantis gadazidva Sewyda. male ajanyebulebma
polkovniks yvela pirobis Sesruleba aRuTq- Tavi moiyares redut-kaledan 20 versis mo-
va. Tavis mxriv, hasan beisac hqonda Txovna: SorebiT, aqedan isini jer redut-kaleze
Tu igi brusilovis pirobebs Seasrulebda, am xolo Semdeg foTze Tavdasxmas apirebdnen.
ukanasknels qobuleTis sanjayis mmarTvelis saqarTvelo-imereTis samoqalaqo gubernato-
damsaxurebis Sesaxeb arzrumis faSisaTvis rad axlad daniSnulma general-maiorma ale-
unda ecnobebina. hasan beis mizani savsebiT qsandr skalonma samegrelos mTavar levan
cxadi iyo: didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis dadians sTxova Tavisi laSqriT daecva foTi,
xelisufleba arzrumis faSasa da osmale- redut-kale da maTi SemaerTebeli gza. gener-
Tis sulTans sistematurad acnobebda hasan ali mTavars aseve sTxovda samegrelos mili-
bei TavdgiriZis uRirsi saqcielis Sesaxeb. ciis (saxalxo laSqris) erTi razmi, 300 kaci,
amjerad qobuleTis sanjayis mmarTveli re- polkovnik movses arRuTinski-dolgorukovis
abilitacias iTxovda. qobuleTSi dabrunebis dasaxmareblad gaemzadebina.
Semdeg hasan beim marTlac gasca umkacresi polkovniki movses arRuTinski-dol-
brZaneba, romelic guriidan osmalo mebr- gorukovi axalcixidan ozurgeTisaken daiZra.
Zolebis gamowvevas exeboda. 1841 wlis 15 agvistos man Seityo, rom TiTq-
hasan bei TavdgiriZesTan urTierTobis mis mTeli guria ajanyebulebis xelSi iyo,
mogvarebiT guriaSi Seqmnili umZimesi vi- xolo ozurgeTs isev alya ertya. arRuTin-
Tareba ver gaumjobesdeboda. 1841 wlis 14 skim gadawyvita, piradad gascnoboda Seqmnil
agvistos ajanyebulebma kontroli daaweses mdgomareobas. 16 agvistos igi ozurgeTidan
ozurgeTidan sajavaxos gavliT quTaisisaken ori saaTis savalze mdebare sofel vaki-
mimaval gzaze. imave dRes maT Seipyres brusi- jvarSi SeCerda da adgil-mdebareobis daTva-
lovTan gagzavnili qarTveli erovnebis kuri- lierebas Seudga. arRuTinskim Tavisi TvaliT
erebi. 15 agvistos naSuadRevis 5 saaTisaTvis naxa, rom axalcixis miliciis guriis terito-
dasrulda ozurgeTis garSemo alyis Sekvra. riaze Semosvlis Semdeg ajanyebulTa raode-
516
vaxtang guruli
noba swrafad izrdeboda. polkovniki Zalze bulebi iyvnen gamagrebulebi. imereTis mi-
SeaSfoTa iman, rom foTidan, wm. nikolozis liciis ufros wereTels ver gadaewyvita,
simagridan da quTaisidan ozurgeTisaken mi- pirvel rigSi vis daxmareboda, alyaSemor-
mavali gzebi ajanyebulebis xelSi iyo. pirve- tymul ozurgeTis garnizons, nagomarisa
li warmateba, romelic arRuTinskim moipova, Tu Coxatauris saguSagoebs? 19 agvistos
is iyo, rom hasan bei TavdgiriZes guriaSi wereTelma gadawyvita, jer Coxatauris sa-
Semosuli 200 osmalo mebrZoli ukanve gaay- guSagosTan mdgari ajanyebulebi daemarcxe-
vanina. osmalTa razmis gayvanam cudad imoqm- bina, Semdeg _ nagomris saguSago gaeTavi-
eda lixaurelebis sabrZolo ganwyobaze. lix- suflebina alyisagan da mxolod amis Semdeg
aurSi ajanyebis xelmZRvanelebi SeSindnen da daZruliyo ozurgeTisaken
ozurgeTisaken.. imereTis milici-
or qobuleTelTan erTad arzrumSi gaiqcnen. is ufrosma quTaisis mazris ufross sTxova
lixaurelebis osmaleTis teritoriaze Sesv- 100 milicieli sajavaxos xeobaSi Caeyenebina,
lis ambavi arRuTinskim dauyovnebliv acnoba raTa quTaisidan ozurgeTisaken mimavali gza
ruseTis imperiis konsuls arzrumSi, raTa ar CaeketaT ajanyebulebs.
osmaleTis xelisuflebas isini Seepyro da kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufrosi gen-
ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvarTan (somxeTSi) mde- eral-maiori pavel kocebu bolos da bolos
bare aleqsandropolSi (giumrSi) gaegzavna. darwmunda, rom guriis ajanyebam serio-
aleqsandropolSi ajanyebis moTaveTa gagzav- zuli gaqaneba miiRo da saswrafo reagireba
nas arRuTinski SemTxveviT ar moiTxovda. Tu iyo saWiro. generalma kocebum Tbilisis
Sepyrobil lixaurelebs SavSeTisa da aWaris samxedro gubernator general-leitenant
gavliT gamogzavnidnen, advili SesaZlebeli mixail braikos 1841 wlis 20 agvistos sTxova,
iyo, rom isini iq mcxovreb qarTvelebs gaeTa- gaeca brZaneba, rom quTaisis mazraSi kidev
visuflebinaT. SeekribaT 100, xolo axalcixis mazraSi _ 150
movses arRuTinskis axalcixis miliciiT milicieli, im 150 milicielis CauTvlelad,
guriis teritoriaze Semosvlis droisaTvis romlebic polkovnik arRuTinskis meTauro-
imereTis milicia (300 kaci) gamzadebuli iyo biT guriaSi Sevidnen. polkovnikma aleqsei
ubixebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad da afxa- brusilovma miiRo miweriloba, mZime mdgo-
zeTisaken unda daZruliyo. polkovnik bui- mareobis miuxedavad, darCeniliyo ozur-
urovis Secdomis wyalobiT imereTis milicia geTSi, raTa daxmareboda arRuTinskis mi-
afxazeTis nacvlad guriisaken daiZra, Tan liciis razms. general kocebus brZanebis
waiRo tyvia-wamali da zarbaznis yumbarebi. Tanaxmad, general-maior osip anrepisaTvis,
anrepisaTvis,
1841 wlis 16 agvistos imereTis milicia ru- im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi guriaSi miliciis raz-
seTis jaris nagomris saguSagos miuaxlovda, mis Camoyalibebas SeZlebda, daxmareba unda
romelic am droisaTvis ajanyebulTa alyaSi aRmoeCina Stabs-kapitan koliubakins
koliubakins.. yove-
iyo. miliciis meTaurma polkovnikma Tavad- live amis miuxedavad, ozurgeTSi brusilo-
ma wereTelma Setevaze gadasvla ver gabeda, vis mdgomareoba isev mZime iyo. imereTis mi-
radgan zarbaznis yumbarebi ki hqonda, ma- liciam brusilovs daxmareba ver aRmouCina.
gram Tavad zarbaznebi imereTis miliciisaT- wereTelma imereTis miliciiT Coxatauris
vis ar gadauciaT. wereTels imedi hqonda, saguSagomde miaRwia, SeuerTda iq gamagre-
rom SeuerTdeboda meore da mesame saxazo buli poruCik levinskis razms (200 oficeri
batalionebis 2 aseuls, romelTac me-19 saa- da jariskaci 2 zarbazniT). miuxedavad imisa,
rtilerio brigadis zarbaznebi hqondaT. Tu rom wereTelsa da levinskis 500 mebrZoli
imereTis milicia, meore da mesame saxazo hyavdaT, hqondaT 2 zarbazani da yumbarebis
batalionebi gaerTiandebodnen, nagomaris maragi, wereTelma ozurgeTisaken brZoliT
saguSagos ajanyebulTa alyisagan gaTavi- gzis gaWraze uari Tqva. polkovniki brusi-
sufleba SesaZlebeli iqneboda. gaerTianeba lovi general-maior kocebusaTvis gagzavnis
ver moxerxda, radgan meore da mesame saxazo moxsenebaSi imereTis miliciis ufros Tavad
batalionebis 2 aseuli Coxatauris saguSa- wereTlis moqmedebas ase afasebda: àseTi
gosTan ajanyebulebma sakmao xniT SeaCeres. sustma, avadmyofurma da gaubedavma moqmede-
imereTis milicia mZime mdgomareobaSi Ca- bam waaxalisa ajanyebulebi, maTi brboebi
varda, mas verc polkovniki brusilovi dae- dRiTidRe izrdeboda, romlebmac mTel gu-
xmareboda, radgan nasakiralis mTaze ajanye- riaSi gaaCaRes Zarcva, rbeva, Zaladoba da ng-
517
reva.~ Tavad wereTlis meTaurobiT imereTis skalonisagan miweriloba miiRo. samegrelos

milicia brusilovis gadasarCenad gaigzavna, milicia polkovnik arRuTinskis axalcixis
magram movlenebi ise ganviTarda, rom umZimes milicias unda SeerTeboda. levan dadianma
mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili wereTeli TviTon 400 milicieli Sin gauSva, xolo 300 cxenos-
brusilovs unda exsna. brusilovs ozurgeTis ani da 200 qveiTi cxeniswylis saguSagoze gag-
datoveba ar SeeZlo Tundac imitom, rom 250 zavna, sadac axalcixis miliciiT arRuTinski
avadmyof oficersa da jariskacs bedis anaba- idga, 100 milicieli guria-samegrelos sazR-
ra ver miatovebda, garda amisa, tyeSi gamaval varze ganalaga, raTa ajanyebulebis samegre-
gzebze jariT gadaadgileba did safrTxes- loSi gadasvla ar daeSva.
Tan iyo dakavSirebuli, ajanyebulebs nebis-
mier adgilze SeeZloT moewyoT Casafrebebi.
brusilovma wereTels acnoba, rom igi ozur-
geTidan jars maSin gamoiyvanda, Tu imereTis §4. ajanyebis mesame etapi (1841 wlis agvistos
milicia da poruCik levinskis razmi ozurge- bolo da seqtembris damdegi)
Tisaken daiZrebodnen da nasakiralis mTaze imereTis miliciis mier Coxatauris sa-
gamagrebul ajanyebulebs Seutevdnen. brusi- guSagodan ukan daixevis Semdeg ajanyebuleb-
lovma kargad icoda, rom sursaTisa da sabr- ma Zveli xergilebi aRadgines, xolo mdinare
Zolo masalis simciris gamo, rasac ematebo- sufsis fonTan axali xergili aages. isini gaaq-
da 250 oficrisa da jariskacis avadmyofoba, tiurdnen zRvispireTSic, mdinare malTayvis
igi seriozuli sabrZolo moqmedebebis Cat- marjvena napirze gadavidnen, aSkara iyo, rom
arebas ver SeZlebda. am mZime viTarebaSi hasan foTis dasakaveblad emzadebodnen. am drois-
bei TavdgiriZem brusilovs acnoba, rom wm. aTvis foTSi jarisaTvis gankuTvnili puris
nikolozis simagris dakavebis Semdeg ajanyeb- fqvilis didi maragi iyo. simagris sawyobebSi
ulebma simagreSi datoves sursaTis garkveu- inaxeboda sevastopolidan gadmotanili saa-
li maragi, magram misi ozurgeTSi gadmotana rtilerio yumbarebi. foTis garnizons Sead-
ver xerxdeboda. genda pirveli saxazo batalionis me-3 aseuli,
samegrelos mTavarma levan dadianma 18 artileristi, 12 kazaki, saguSago razmis
brusilovis Txovnis Semdeg saswrafod Sekri- 13 jariskaci da 46 milicieli samegrelodan.
ba samegrelos milicia (1000 mebrZoli) da 1841 garnizons SeiaraRebaze gaaCnda 4 zarbazani.
wlis 18 agvistos foTidan guriisaken daiZra. am droisaTvis ajanyebulTa raodenobam 7.200
imave dRes samegrelos miliciam ajanyebulebi kacs miaRwia, aqedan 4.000 mebrZoli ozurgeT-
gandevna sofel malTayvidan, xolo ordRiani Tan da foTis maxloblad mdinare malTayvis
cxare brZolebis Semdeg sofeli grigoleTi napirze idga, 2.700 ajanyebuls Coxatauris
daikava. ajanyebulebma dakarguli poziciebis saguSagoze imereTis milicia hyavda alyaSi
dabruneba scades, magram uSedegod. mal- moqceuli, xolo 500 mebrZoli guriisa da
Tayvisa da grigoleTis brZolebSi daiRupa imereTis sazRvarze idga.
ajanyebulTa winamZRoli aznauri qaquCela 1841 wlis 24 agvistos ajanyebulebma
gugunava.. samegrelos miliciidan daiRupa 1,
gugunava orjer Seuties Coxatauris saguSagos, ma-
daiWra 23, kontuzia miiRo 14 mebrZolma. mar- gram warmatebas ver miaRwies. warumatebe-
Talia, malTayvisa da grigoleTis brZolebis li gamodga mogvianebiT ganxorcielebuli
Semdeg ajanyebulebma foTsa da redut-kaleze Setevebic. imereTis milicias brZolebSi 6
Tavdasxma veRar SeZles, magram verc samegre- kaci moukles, daiWra _ 20. momdevno dRee-
los miliciam SeZlo ozurgeTisaken winsvla. bSi brZolebi gagrZelda, xolo 27 agvistos
foTidan ozurgeTisaken mimaval gzaze yvela polkovnikma wereTelma proviantis amowur-
xidi ganadgurebuli iyo, xolo mdinareTa vis gamo cxeniswylis saguSagosken ukan dax-
fons ajanyebulebi icavdnen. foTidan wm. evis gadawyvetileba miiRo. wereTelma imere-
nikolozis simagrisken mimaval gzac ajanye- Tis milicia sofel ewerTan SeaCera, raTa
bulebs ekavaT. amitom iyo, rom 1841 wlis 23 proviantis maragi Seevso.
agvistos levan dadianma ubrZolvelad daix- 1841 wlis agvistos bolos ajanyebuleb-
ia ukan da foTSi dabrunda. foTSi Casulma ma cxeniswylis saguSagos garSemo soflebi
samegrelos mTavarma saqarTvelo-imereTis daikaves. polkovniki arRuTinski iZulebuli
samoqalaqo gubrnator general-maior ioseb gaxda, saguSagos dasacavad qarTvel grenad-
518
vaxtang guruli
erTa polkis batalioni da me-19 saartilerio TxvevaSi gaexsnaT. polkovnik arRuTinskis

brigadis 2 zarbazani, aseve miliciis Zlieri dagvianebam sabolood dasca garnizonis sa-
razmi gaegzavna. jerjerobiT arRuTinski brZolo suliskveTeba. ozurgeTidan yovel-
ieriSze gadasvlas ar apirebda, radgan reg- dRe ramdenime milicieli garboda, xolo
ularuli jarisa da miliciis razmebis Tav- 27-28 agvistos RamiT gaiqca guriis miliciis
moyras eloda. polkovniks afiqrebda is, rom 20 mebrZoli Tavad daviT gugunavas meTauro-
erevnis karabinerTa polkis 4 aseuli da same- biT. gaqceuli gugunava ajanyebulTa mxares
grelos egerTa polkis 1 aseuli 1841 wlis gadavida da maTi erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli
3-4 seqtembers Tu moaRwevdnen daniSnulebis gaxda. daviT gugunavas ajanyebulTa mxares
adgilze. ozurgeTSi guriis razmisa da Cox- gadasvlis Semdeg brusilovma guriis mili-
atauris saguSagodan ukandaxeuli imereTis ciis meTaur podpolkovnik maWutaZes sTxova,
miliciisaTvis dasaxmareblad general-maior- milicia xelaxla daeficebina ruseTis im-
ma kocebum arRuTinskis urCia, ar dalode- peratoris erTgulebaze. daficeba Sedga, ar
boda damatebiTi Zalebis misvlas da samegre- daifica mxolod orma milicielma, romlebic
los miliciasTan erTad ajanyebulTa winaaR- male ajanyebulebTan gaiqcnen. 1841 wlis 1
mdeg Seteva daewyo. arRuTinskis umoqmedoba seqtembers, naSuadRevis 3 saaTze, ajanyeb-
damTrgunvelad moqmedebda samegrelosa da ulebma yoveli mxridan Seuties ozurgeTs.
imereTis miliciaze, arada, swored levan da- brZolas uSualod xelmZRvanelobdnen: Ta-
diani da Tavadi wereTeli aferxebdnen guri- vadi daviT gugunava,
gugunava, Tavadi ambako SalikaS-
idan samegrelosa da imereTSi ajanyebulTa vili,, aznauri abesa bolqvaZe
vili bolqvaZe,, oTar ToiZe da
SeWras. arRuTinskim isic kargad uwyoda, rom baqaniZe.. 3.000 mebrZoli moulodnelad gada-
baqaniZe
misi umoqmedoba did safrTxes uqmnida cx- vida Setevaze, ozurgeTis garnizons Tavidan
eniswylis saguSagos. aqtiuroba ar gamouCenia, ramac ajanyebulebi
ozurgeTis garnizonis mdgomareoba kv- gaaTamama. moulodnelad praporSCikma makux-
lav mZime iyo. tyvia-wamlisa da sursaTis na- inma zarbaznebi sabrZolo poziciaze ganala-
klebobam, avadmyofobam da ajanyebulTa aq- ga da Zlieri cecxliT Setevaze gadmosulTa
tiurobam rusi oficrebisa da jariskacebis pirvel kolonaSi bevri ajanyebuli daWra
sabrZolo suliskveTeba dasca. marTalia, Tu daxoca. amis Semdeg makuxinma zarbazne-
Tavadebi da aznaurebi arafers imCnevdnen, bi simagris meore mxares gadaitana da kvlav
magram aSkara iyo, daeca rigiTi milicielis didi ziani miayena ajanyebulTa meore kolo-
sabrZolo suliskveTebac. avadmyofobam dar- nas. male orive kolonam ukan daixia, riTac
ia xeli foTSi myof polkovnik buiurovsac
buiurovsac,, isargebla poruCikma miqelaZem da 70 rusi
xolo generalma anrepma foTi datova da afx- qveiTiT kontrSeteva wamoiwyo. gaimarTa xel-
azeTSi dabrunda. ozurgeTis garSemo ajanye- CarTuli brZola. ajanyebulebma didi zara-
bulTa raodenoba dRiTidRe izrdeboda. 1841 li naxes da ukan daixies. maTi mesame kolonis
wlis 23 agvistos ajanyebulebma ozurgeTis winaaRmdeg cecxli zarbaznebidan piradad
maxloblad mdebare gorakebi daikaves, erT- polkovnikma brusilovma gaxsna da axlo man-
erT gorakze zarbazani aitanes da ozurgeTSi Zilidan bevri ajanyebuli daWra da daxoca.
ganlagebuli samxedro hospitali dabombes. ozurgeTidan quTaisisaken mimaval gzaze sa-
ozurgeTis garnizonma sapasuxo cecxli gax- guSagoze idga pirveli saxazo batalionis
sna, ris Semdegac ajanyebulebma dabombva praporSCiki Tavadi dadeSqeliani
dadeSqeliani,, romelic
Sewyvites. 30 agvistosaTvis maT ozurgeTis kazakTa razmiT moulodnelad SeiWra ozur-
cixe-simagris garSemo TiTqmis yvela Senoba geTSi. ajanyebulebma Zlieri winaaRmdegoba
daikaves, cixis kedlebis gareT gamosuli gauwies dadeSqelians, magram saaTnaxevriani
rusebi maSinve ajanyebulTa cecxlis msxver- brZolis Semdeg didi danakargiT ukan daiax-
pli xdebodnen. cixeSi myofi ozurgeTis gar- ies. calkeuli Setakeba ozurgeTis garSemo
nizoni tyvia-wamlisa da zarbaznis yumbarebis saRamomde grZeldeboda. ozurgeTze ieriSi-
naklebobas ganicdida, 30 agvistosaTvis sul sas ajanyebulebma moklulTa saxiT 150 kaci
ramdenime dRis maragi iyo darCenili, TiTq- dakarges, bevrad didi iyo daWrilTa ricxvi.
mis mTlianad amoiwura furaJi cxenebisaTvis. ozurgeTze ajanyebulTa Setevis marcx-
brusilovma brZaneba gasca, cecxli Tofebi- iT dasruleba, garkveulwilad, cudad momza-
dan da qvemexebidan mxolod ukidures Sem- debulma da naCqarevma ieriSma ganapiroba.
519
amasTan erTad, marcxi hasan bei TavdgiriZis polkis 2 aseuls. Tbilisis samxedro guberna-
umoqmedobiTac iyo gamowveuli. 1 seqtembers toris general-leitenant mixail braikos br-
hasan bei qobuleTelTa razmiT ozurgeTidan Zanebis Tanaxmad imereTis milicia raWisa da
moSorebiT idga da ajanyebulebs tyvia-wam- Sorapnis mazrebSi unda SeekribaT, axalcixis
liT amaragebda, magram brZolaSi Cabmisagan mazridan ki mxolod 100 muslimi cxenosani
Tavs ikavebda. unda vivaraudoT, rom qobu- unda gaewviaT. evgeni golovini aucileblad
leTis sanjayis mmarTveli brZolaSi maSin Tvlida, rom samegrelos milicias saTaveSi
Caebmeboda, Tu ajanyebulebi ozurgeTis gar- Casdgomoda mTavari levan dadiani. foTidan
nizons gaanadgurebdnen. ajanyebulebi damar- quTaisSi saswrafod gadazides ruseTis ja-
cxdnen da TavdgiriZemac qobuleTs miaSura. ris kuTvnili provianti.
1841 wlis 14 agvistos polkovniki arRu-
Tinski Tavisi razmiT quTaisis mazris mxridan
§5. ajanyebis damarcxeba guriis sazRvars miuaxlovda. im adgilidan,
sadac arRuTinski imyofeboda, ajanyebulebi
1. jarebis mobilizeba ajanyebis CasaxSo- arc ise Sors iyvnen da imereTis sazRvrebSi
bad.. guriaSi ajanyebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb
bad SesaWrelad emzadebodnen. regularuli jari
TbilisSi cnobebi dagvianebiT modioda. kidev igvianebda. amitom iyo, rom arRuTinskim
ufro dagvianebiT aRwevda gankargulebebi quTaisis mazris ufross ubrZana saswrafod
ozurgeTamde. ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg efeq- mieSvelebina misTvis 1000 milicieli. imereT-
turi RonisZiebebis SemuSavebas xels uSlida Si ukve orjer Catarda miliciis mobilizacia
winaaRmdegoba samxedro da samoqalaqo xe- da 1000 milicielis gawveva ararealuri iyo,
lisufalTa Soris. samxedro xelisuflebidan Tanac amdeni milicielis brZolaSi efeqtu-
umTavres gadawyvetilebebis iRebda kavkasiis rad gamoyeneba gaWirdeboda. milicielTa
Stabis ufrosi general-maiori pavel kocebu, sabrZolvelad momzadebisaTvis arRuTins-
romelic mxolod umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebs kim meore da mesame saxazo batalionebidan 5
aTanxmebda kavkasiis mTavarsardal evgeni go- oficeri gamoiZaxa. saqarTvelo-imereTis gu-
lovinTan.. mas Semdeg, rac ajanyebam mTeli
lovinTan berniis axalcixis mazris ufrosi Tbilisis
guria moicva, evgeni golovinma Tavis Tavze samxedro gubernator mixail braikos moax-
aiRo misi droulad CaxSobis amocana. 1841 senebda, rom jer kidev samoqalaqo guberna-
wlis 14 agvistos man am mizniT gamoyo: erev- tor semion kaxanovis brZanebis Tanaxmad, man
nis karabinerTa polkis 2 aseuli (400 ofic- Sekriba da guriaSi gaagzavna 150 milicieli,
eri da jariskaci), samegrelos egerTa polkis ris gamoc, mravali sapatio mizezidan gamom-
1 aseuli (100 oficeri da jariskaci), qarT- dinare, mas aRar SeuZlia polkovnik arRu-
vel grenaderTa pilkis me-2 batalioni (600 Tinskis gankargulebaSi damatebiT 300 mil-
oficeri da jariskaci), saqarTvelos meore icielis gagzavna. samxedro gubernatorma
saxazo batalioni (215 oficeri da jariskaci), Txovna dasabuTebulad miiCnia, ris Semdegac
donis kazakTa me-8 polkis 1 aseuli (100 ka- axalcixis mazris ufrosma arRuTinskis ac-
zaki), me-19 saartilerio brigadis 2 msubuqi noba, rom milicielTa axal razms veRar mi-
da 4 samTo zarbazani. imavdroulad miliciis iRebda. igive moimoqmeda saqarTvelo-imere-
(saxalxo laSqris) mobilizacia gamocxadda Tis guberniis quTaisis mazris ufrosmac. man
imereTSi, samegrelosa da axalcixis mazraSi arRuTinskis acnoba, rom mazraSi 2.000 mil-
(miliciis nawili am regionidan ukve mobili- icielis Sekreba SeuZlebeli iyo: am raodeno-
zebuli da guriaSi gagzavnili iyo. erevnis bis mamakacebis mobilizeba mazras muSaxelis
karabinerTa da samegrelos egerTa polkebis gareSe datovebda, milicielTaTvis saWiro
aseulebi dislokaciis adgilidan guriisaken raodenobis iaraRi da proviantis maragic
unda daZruliyo mxolod gansakuTrebul Sem- ar gaaCndaT. saqarTvelo-imereTis samxedro
TxvevaSi polkovnik movses arRuTinski-dol- gubernatoris Carevis Semdeg gadawyda, rom
gorukovis brZanebis Semdeg. erevnis karabin- quTaisis mazris ufrosi 500 milicielis
erTa polkis 2 aseuli manglisidan qarTlis Sekrebas mxolod 1841 wlis 30 agvistosaTvis
gavliT quTaisSi unda Casuliyo. samegrelos SeZlebda. polkovnikma arRuTinskim, gamomdi-
egerTa polkis 1 aseuli awyuris midamoebi- nare iqidan, rom quTaisis mazris ramdenime
dan xanis xeobiT unda gadasuliyo imereTSi sofeli guriidan gadmosul ajanyebulebs
da quTaisSi SeerTeboda erevnis karabinerTa
520
vaxtang guruli
ekavaT, 1841 wlis 23 agvistos kvlav sTxova ajanyebis CaxSobas 2-3 Tve mainc dasWird-
mazris ufross 25 agvistosaTvis daesrule- eboda, maSin, rodesac 1841 wlis 23 agvisto-
bina 1000 milicielis Sekreba, xolo 28 agvis- saTvis quTaissa da sofel maranSi proviantis
tosaTvis salaSqrod gaemzadebina kidev 1000 imdenad mcire maragi iyo, rom mxolod 1 se-
milicieli. polkovniki arRuTinski mas Sem- qtembramde ikmarebda. 23 agvistos arRuTin-
deg kidev ufro momTxovni gaxda, rodesac skim maior piSkins da kapitan gegiZes ubrZana,
Tbilisis samxedro gubernatorma acnoba, rom quTaissa da maranSi 1500 kacisaTvis provian-
ajanyebulebTan brZolis periodSi mas dau- tis ormocdaaTdRiani maragi SeeqmnaT. imav-
qvemdebares guriis, axalcixisa da quTaisis droulad meore saxazo batalionma, romelic
mazrebi, ufleba misces am mazrebSi milicia saguSago samsaxurs eweoda quTaisSi, miiRo
Seekriba. imereTis miliciis raodenobis gaz- brZaneba 1500 kacisaTvis proviantis aTdRiani
rdasTan erTad polkovniki arRuTinski kavka- maragis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. provianti quTaisSi
siis korpusis Stabis ufross general-maior foTidan gadahqondaT, foTis midamoebSi ki
pavel kocebus sTxovda, guriaSi damatebiT ajanyebulebi xSirad gamoCndebodnen xolme.
qveiTTa erTi batalionisa da artileriis gag- ajanyebulebis Tavdasxmis gamo 11 agvistos
zavnas. imavdroulad arRuTinskim levan da- foTidan quTaisSi proviantis gadatana Sewy-
dians sTxova, samegrelos milicia zRviT wm. da. amitom iyo, rom polkovnikma arRuTinskim
nikolozis simagris dasakaveblad gaegzavna. levan dadians sTxova, samegrelos miliciis
generalma kocebum arRuTinskis Txovna daak- ZalebiT foTidan quTaisSi proviantis ga-
mayofila da brZaneba gasca, rom erevnis kara- datana uzrunveleyo. gatarebuli RonisZie-
binerTa polkis 2 aseuli da me-19 saartile- bebis Sedegad quTaissa da maranSi proviantis
rio brigadis 4 zarbazani saswrafod gaegza- sakmao maragi Seiqmna.
vnaT guriaSi. 1841 wlis 22 agvistos erevnis 2. damsjeli eqspedicia guriaSi. 1841
karabinerTa polkis me-2 karabinerTa da me-6 wlis 23 agvistos cxeniswylis saguSagosTan,
egerTa aseulebi, sul 400 oficeri da jaris- mdinare rionis marcxena napirze, imereTidan
kaci, oTxi dRis proviantis maragiT mangli- mosuli miliciis razmi (300 kaci) dabanakda.
sidan goris gavliT guriisaken daiZra. gorSi 25 agvistos polkovnik arRuTinskis daqvem-
rusebs saartilerio sawyobidan 4 zarbazani debarebaSi iyo: 1.800 qveiTi, 100 kazaki da 4
da yumbarebi unda mieRoT da quTaisSi Caeta- msubuqi zarbazani. imave dRes saguSagosTan
naT. 2 zarbazani goridan guriaSi 23 agvistos gamoCnda samegrelos milicia. samegrelos
gaigzavna, xolo darCenili 2 _ mxolod 10 milicias arRuTinski iq ar eloda, radgan
seqtembers.. 14 agvistos sabrZolo mzadyof- levan dadians saqarTvelo-imereTis samoqa-
naSi moiyvanes qarTvel grenaderTa polkis laqo gubernatorma ioseb skalonma sTxova
me-2 batalionis 3 aseuli (462 oficeri da ja- wm. nikolozis simagris dakaveba, foTisa da
riskaci), romelic podpolkovnik veselickis samegrelos sazRvrebis dacva. miuxedavad
meTaurobiT 16 agvistos gorSi Sevida da amisa, arRuTinski gaxarebuli darCa samegre-
meore dResve tyvia-wamlisa da proviantis los miliciis misvliT da gadawyvita aqtiuri
seriozuli maragiT quTaisisaken gaemarTa. sabrZolo moqmedebebis dawyeba. pirvel rig-
sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi iyo qarTvel grenad- Si, igi ozurgeTis ganTavisuflebas da foTis
erTa batalionis kidev erTi aseuli, magram dacvis uzrunvelyofas gegmavda. 1841 wlis
imis gamo, rom misi Canacvleba ver moxerxda, 23 agvistos donis kazakTa me-8 polkis erTi
aseuli quTaisisaken mogvianebiT daiZra da 18 razmi polkovnik buiurovis meTaurobiT fo-
agvistos suramSi daewia danarCen 3 aseuls. Tis dasacavad gaigzavna. foTis dacvis gar-
qarTvel grenaderTa polkis oTxive aseuli da, buiurovs unda gaewminda saxmeleTo gza
quTaisSi 21 agvistos Sevida, RamiT guriis foTidan wm. nikolozis simagremde (SekveTi-
sazRvrisaken gaemarTa da cxeniswylis saguSa- lamde), ajanyebulebi ganedevna simagri-
godan 12 versis moSorebiT SeCerda. samegre- dan. imavdroulad kazakTa razms redut-
los egerTa polkis erTi aseuli (100 ofic- kales dacvaze unda ezruna. 27 agvistos
eri da jariskaci) axalcixis midamoebidan 27 cxeniswylis saguSagodan foTisaken swrafi
agvistos daiZra, mdinare xanis xeoba gaiara marSiT daiZra samegrelos milicia. manamde,
da baRdadSi Cavida. 25 agvistos, mas SeuerTda imereTis mili-
arRuTinski varaudobda, rom guriaSi cia (300 qveiTi da 200 cxenosani), romelsac
521
poruCiki Tavadi miqelaZe meTaurobda. cx- nikolozis simagris dasakaveblad miliciis

eniswylis saguSagoze axalcixidan 300 mil- gagzavna gadawyvita, 67 milicieli brZanebas
icielis nacvlad 104 qveiTi da 57 cxenosani ar daemorCila da banaki datova. buiurovma
gamocxadda. samagierod, zemoT xsenebuli kazakebs ubrZana amboxebuli milicielebi bo-
imereTis miliciis 2 razmis garda, romelTac ranze ar SeeSvaT, magram milicielebma mdina-
polkovniki wereTeli da poruCiki miqelaZe ris meore napirze gadasvla mainc moaxerxes
meTaurobdnen, polkovnik wulukiZis meTau- da Sinisaken gaemarTnen. samegrelos mili-
robiT kidev Seikriba mesame razmi 857 kacis ciaSi marto glexobidan gawveulTa daumor-
SemadgenlobiT. es razmi sofel orpirSi idga Cilebloba ar aRiniSneboda, ukmayofilebas
da kidev eloda Sevsebas. donis kazakTa me-8 gamoTqvamdnen Tavadebi da aznaurebi. poru-
polkis razmi polkovnik buiurovis meTauro- Cik miqelaZes maT ganucxades, rom regu-
biT foTSi 1841 wlis 28 agvistos Sevida da laruli jaris gareSe wm. nikolozis simagris
maSinve Seudga rogorc cixe-simagris, ise si- dasakaveblad ar ibrZolebdnen. polkovniki
magreSi arsebuli proviantis sawyobis dacvas. buiurovi mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. ar-
foTis TavdacvisaTvis momzadebis Sem- RuTinski mas Setevis dauyovnlebliv daw-
deg polkovniki buiurovi mdinare malTay- yebas aZalebda, buiurovi iZulebuli gaxda
vis SesarTavisaken gaemarTa. aRmoCnda, rom foTSi mdgari pirveli saxazo batalionis 40
ajanyebulebs malTayvaze gadasasvleli bo- jariskaciTa da donis kazakTa me-8 polkis 1
rani daewvaT da gadasasvlelTan xergili ae- razmiT wm. nikolozis simagrisaken daZruli-
goT. ajanyebulTa 2 navi mdinaris SesarTavSi yo. osmaleTis qveSevrdomma berZenma rusebs
idga. buiurovma malTayvis marcxena napirze jaris gadasayvanad karWapi aTxova. buiurovi,
ganlagebuli ajanyebulebis raodenoba ver pirvel rigSi, foTidan wm. nikolozis si-
daadgina, radgan adgil-mdebareoba xSiri magrisaken gzis ganTavisuflebas gegmavda.
tyiT iyo dafaruli. miuxedavad amisa, man mi- foTis garnizonis simciris gamo polkovnikma
iRo gadawyvetileba jaris nawili navebiT wm. kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufros kocebus
nikolozis simagremde gadaeyvana. polkovniki foTSi 150 oficrisa da jariskacis gagzavna
varaudobda, rom 40 rusi oficeri da jaris- sTxova.
kaci da samegrelos miliciis razmi sakmarisi guriis ajanyebis paralelurad Crdilo-
iyo wm. nikolozis simagris xelSi Casagdebad. dasavleT kavkasiaSi rusebi ubixebis dasamor-
foTis simagridan regularuli jaris mcire Cileblad ibrZodnen. rusebs eSinodaT, rom
nawilis gayvanac ki buiurovma ver gariska, ubixebisaTvis brZolaSi afxazebs ar daeWiraT
samagierod redut-kales komendants pirveli mxari. amitom iyo, rom Savi zRvis sanapiro
saxazo batalionis 1 aseulisa (3 umcrosi xazis me-3 ganyofilebis ufrosi general-
oficerisa da 60 rigiTis) da 4 zarbaznis wm. maiori osip anrepi, romelsac afxazeTis sana-
nikolozis simagrisaken gagzavna sTxova. 1841 piro zolis dacva evaleboda, Zalze frTxi-
wlis 23 agvistos foTSi samegrelos milicia lobda. igi aucileblad miiCnevda guriaSi
Sevida. am droisaTvis miliciaSi disciplina dawyebuli ajanyebis droulad CaxSobas. 1841
savsebiT moSlili iyo, milicielebi ajanye- wlis 1 seqtembers generali anrepi samxedro
bulebTan brZolis aranair survils ar am- xomaldze ganlagebuli jariT redut-kaleSi
JRavnebdnen. foTSi Sesvlidan ori dRis Sem- Cavida, saidanac polkovnik arRuTinskis dax-
deg 300 milicieli ufrosis nebarTvis gareSe mareba SesTavaza. amis Semdeg anrepma redut-
Sin dabrunda, saimedo ar iyo darCenili 200 kale datova da zRviT guriis sanapirosaken
milicielic. levan dadianma rusebs samegre- gaemarTa. generalma SeniSna, rom foTidan wm.
los miliciaSi wesrigis aRdgenisaTvis rusi nikolozis simagrisaken mimaval gzaze uamra-
oficrebis gagzavna sTxova. cxadi gaxda, vi xergili iyo mowyobili, gza zogan Txrile-
rom am miliciiT wm. nikolozis simagreze biT iyo gadaketili. imavdroulad foTidan
galaSqreba ar SeiZleboda. miuxedavad ami- wm. nikolozis simagrisaken miemarTeboda
sa, polkovnikma buiurovma gadawyvita wm. polkovniki buiurovi. 1841 wlis 2 seqtem-
nikolozis simagrisaken daZruliyo, raTa cx- bers buiurovma mdinare malTayvaze ajanye-
eniswylis saguSagosTan mdgari polkovnik ar- bulebis mier mowyobili saguSago, romelsac
RuTinskisaTvis mdgomareoba Seemsubuqebina. 50 mebrZoli icavda, gaanadgura, xolo Sem-
rogorc ki samegrelos miliciis ufrosma wm. deg Zlieri brZola gaumarTa mdinare sufsis
522
vaxtang guruli
saguSagoze mdgar ajanyebulebs. buiurovis nida foTis dacvas da uperspeqtivos xdida

miaxloebis Semdeg gurulebma ramdenime sa- wm. nikolozis simagris dakavebas. miuxeda-
guSago ubrZolvelad datoves. 3 seqtembers vad amisa, igi aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmede-
polkovnikma buiurovma wm. nikolozis si- bebis dawyebas mainc ar apirebda. Tbilisidan
magres miaRwia, imavdroulad, simagresTan ga- sayveduris miRebis SiSiTa Tu ozurgeTis
moCnda general anrepis xomaldic. sabrZolo garnizonis gamxnevebis mizniT 1841 wlis 29
xomaldis gamoCenis Semdeg wm. nikolozis agvistos arRuTinski cxeniswylis saguSago-
simagreSi myofma ajanyebulebma proviantis dan miliciis razmiT Coxataurisaken mimavali
sawyobi da yazarmebi gadawves da simagrec da- gzis dazvervas Seudga. ajanyebulebma arRu-
toves. 4 seqtembers general-maiorma anrepma Tinskis winaaRmdegoba ar gauwies, Tumca gzis
ajanyebulebTan megreli aznauris TanxlebiT orive mxridan Tvalyurs adevnebdnen mili-
podporuCiki karzaevi gagzavna da SeuTvala, ciis razmis gadaadgilebas. imave dRes arRu-
Wkuaze modiTo. ajanyebulebma arc aznauri Tinski saguSagosTan dabrunda. 30 agvistos
da arc podporuCiki axlos ar gaikares, dae- igi qarTvel grenaderTa polkis 2 batalion-
muqrnen, cecxls gavxsniTo. anrepi foTSi iTa da 2 qvemexiT 1.500 milicielis Tanx-
dabrunda da buiurovs urCia, foTis dac- lebiT cxeniswylis saguSagodan sajavaxos
viT dakmayofilebuliyo. buiurovi Tavadac gavliT kvlav daiZra Coxataurisaken. arRu-
grZnobda, rom wm. nikolozis simagris aReba Tinski varaudobda, rom ozurgeTis alyaze
SesaZlebeli, magram SenarCuneba SeuZlebeli mdgari ajanyebulTa nawili mis Sesaxvedrad
iyo. man daadgina, rom mdinare sufsis Sesar- gamoemarTeboda, riTac polkovnik brusi-
Tavidan wm. nikolozisaken mimaval saxmeleTo lovs ozurgeTis simagris dacva gauadvil-
gzaze, sxvadasxva adgilas, daaxloebiT 500 deboda. cxeniswylis saguSagodan Coxatauri-
ajanyebuli iyo gamagrebuli. isini qobuleTi- saken mimavali gzis dacvis mizniT praporSCik
dan ara marto sursaTs, aramed tyvia-wamal- Tavad paata wulukiZis meTaurobiT arRu-
sac iRebdnen. buiurovs ajanyebulebis sur- Tinskim imereTis miliciis erTi razmi (500
saTiTa da tyvia-wamliT momarageba imdenad milicieli) datova. 31 agvistos arRuTins-
ar afiqrebda, ramdenadac osmaleTSi gaCeni- kim jari Coxatauridan 5 versis moSorebiT
li Savi Wiris guriaSi gavrceleba, romelic, sofel ewerTan SeaCera, sadac mas Coxatau-
cxadia, jarsac did saSiSroebas Seuqmnida. ridan polkovnik wereTlis ukandaxeuli
amitom iyo, rom igi kavkasiis korpusis Stabis imereTis miliciis razmi SeuerTda. arRu-
ufros kocebus sTxovda, mdinare Coloqis Tinskis gadawyvetili hqonda, ewerTan dalo-
SesarTavTan patrulirebisaTvis gaegzavna deboda erevnis karabinerTa da samegrelos
samxedro xomaldi, raTa ruseT-osmaleTis egerTa polkebidan gagzavnil aseulebs. ar-
sazRvari saimedod Caeketa. RuTinskis gegma ori garemoebis gamo Seicv-
1841 wlis 5 seqtembers foTSi Cavida le- ala: jer erTi, 1 seqtembers polkovnikma
van dadiani da samegrelos miliciaSi wesri- aleqsei brusilovma aRuTinskis acnoba, rom
gis aRdgenas Seudga. am droidan samegrelos ajanyebulebma ozurgeTs Seuties; da meorec,
miliciam Tavis Tavze aiRo foTis maxlo- arRuTinskis aseve Seatyobines, rom guriis
blad arsebuli proviantis sawyobebis dacva, mosazRvre samegrelos soflebSi mosaxleoba
foTidan rioniT cxeniswylis saguSagomde ikribeboda da ajanyebuli gurulebis dasax-
proviantis gadatana, foTis midamoebis mareblad wasvlas apirebda. miuxedavad imisa,
ajanyebulTagan dacva. imavdoulad samegre- rom zurgi daucveli hqonda (cxeniswylis sa-
los milicia Tavdasxmebs awyobda sufsis Ses- guSagodan sajavaxos gavliT Coxataurisaken
arTavidan wm. nikolozis simagrisaken mimaval mimaval gzas ruseTis jari ver akontroleb-
gzaze ajanyebulebis mier mowyobil xergile- da), arRuTinskim Setevis dawyeba gadawyvita
bze. foTidan wm. nikolozis simagreSi zRviT 2 seqtembers ruseTis jarma da imereTis mi-
mimosvlis aRdgenis mizniT polkovnikma bui- liciam Coxatauris saguSago daikava.…imave
urovma ramdenime karWapi da gemi moamzada. dRes saRamos Coxatauris saguSagos miaRwia
cxeniswylis saguSagosTan mdgari erevnis karabinerTa da samegrelos egerTa
polkovniki arRuTinski xvdeboda, rom misi polkebis samma aseulma, aseve guriis mili-
frTxili moqmedeba mZime mdgomareobaSi ag- ciis razmma, 250 mebrZolma. erevnis karabin-
debda ozurgeTis garnizons, safrTxes uqm- erTa polkis orive aseulma quTaisidan Cox-
523
ataurSi Caitana 50.000 tyvia, zarbaznis 332 dakarga, daiWra 12 jariskaci da milicieli.
Cveulebrivi yumbara, zarbaznis 67 safantiani ozurgeTi alyisagan ganTavisuflda, ajanyeb-
yumbara (44 Sor manZilze srolisaTvis, 23_ ulebma male Semogarenic datoves.
axlo manZilze srolisaTvis), 62 fuTi tyvia, ozurgeTTan ajanyebulebis damarcxebis
50 fuTi wamali Tofisa da zarbaznisaTvis. Semdeg polkovnikma arRuTinskim nagomar-
1841 wlis 2 seqtembers arRuTinski Tan mowyobil simagreze dauyonebliv Seteva
sofel nagomris saguSagosaken daiZra. jaris gadawyvita, magram jarisa da miliciis daR-
miaxloebisTanave ajanyebulebma saguSago lilobis gamo ramdenime dRiT Sesveneba gaxda
gadawves da nagomridan 3 versis moSorebiT aucilebeli. 1841 wlis 6 seqtembers ganTi-
winaswar momzadebul da sagangebod gamagre- adisas arRuTinskim nagomris simagris dasa-
bul poziciaze daixies. ajanyebulTa meTau- kaveblad SemovliTi manevris ganxorcieleba
rebma Secdoma dauSves: ozurgeTis garSemo daiwyo. am droisaTvis polkovniki wereTeli
dajgufebuli mebrZolebis nawili nagomris imereTis miliciiT uSualod simagris misad-
mimarTulebiT gadaisroles, riTac Sveba gomebTan idga. miuxedavad imisa, rom ajanye-
igrZno polkovnikma brusilovma. arRuTinski bulebs nagomarTan xelsayreli pozicia eka-
fiqrobda, rom dauyonebliv Seetia ajanye- vaT, ozurgeTTan gancdili marcxis Semdeg
bulTaTvis, magram Tavsxma wvimam amis saSu- maT simagre datoves da maxlobel soflebSi
aleba ar misca. xergilebiT dafarul tyeSi gaifantnen. nagomaris simaRlis dangrevis
gamaval gzaze Zlier wvimaSi gadaadgileba Semdeg arRuTinski da wereTeli ozurgeTSi
did siZneleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli, miTu- dabrundnen. Coxatauris saguSago arRuTin-
metes Zneli iqneboda ajanyebulTa simagreze skim pirveli saxazo batalionis 100 jaris-
Setevis dawyeba. arRuTinskim imereTis mili- kaciT gaaZliera, xolo ozurgeTidan quTai-
ciis meTaur polkovnik wereTels ubrZana sisaken mimaval gzaze ramdenime saguSago
erevnis karabinerTa polkis 2 aseuliT, 300 moawyo. daiwyo ozurgeTis simagris aRdgena
milicieliTa da 2 zarbazniT miaxloeboda da garnizonisaTvis proviantis maragis Se-
ajanyebulTa simagres da iseTi STabeWdile- qmna. ozurgeTSi didi raodenobiT regu-
ba Seeqmna, TiTqos Setevaze gadasvlas apir- larulma jarma da miliciam moiyara Tavi. iyo
ebda. Tavad arRuTinskim danarCeni ZalebiT imis saSiSroeba, rom osmaleTidan Semotanil
saRamos 9 saaTze ukan daxeva daiwyo, 7 ver- Sav Wirs aqamdec moeRwia. arRuTinskim sas-
si gaiara da ajanyebulTa simagris marcx- wrafod miiRo zomebi guriasa da aWaras So-
ena flangidan Semovlas Seudga. arRuTinskim ris arsebuli sazRvris Casaketad. gaaZliera
jari ase ganalaga: win poruCik Tavad eri- sazRvris dacva, damatebiT Seqmna ramdenime
sTavis meTaurobiT guriis milicia midioda, saguSago.
romelsac mihyveboda: samegrelos egerTa polkovnik arRuTinskis mier mopovebuli
polkis 1 aseuli 1 zarbazniT, qarTvel gre- gamarjvebis Semdeg, polkovnikma buiurovma
naderTa polkis 1 batalioni 1 zarbazniT, ax- wm. nikolozis simagris dakaveba gadawyvita.
alcixis milicia da sul bolos _ polkovnik igi ar daeloda arRuTinskis mier dapir-
wulukiZis meTaurobiT imereTis miliciis ebuli 150 oficrisa da jariskacis misvlas
meore nawili. arRuTinskis mier Cafiqrebuli da 12 seqtembers simagris dasakaveblad da-
SemovliTi manevris ganxorcieleba advili iZra. 13 seqtembers rusebma simagres samx-
ar iyo, radgan jars Zlieri wvimis pirobebSi edro gemidan zarbaznebiT cecxli gauxsnes
unda emoZrava tyiT dafarul mTebSi mimaval da imavdroulad, zRvidan desantic gadasxes.
gzaze. 3 seqtembers dilis 5 saaTze ruseTis ajanyebulebma simagre datoves. 14 seqtembers
jari da qarTuli milicia moulodnelad ga- foTidan mosulma samegrelos miliciam (350
moCnda ozurgeTTan
ozurgeTTan,, riTac ajanyebulebSi mebrZoli) regularuli jaris oficrebTan
dabneuloba Seitana. moulodnel Tavdasxmas, da jariskacebTan erTad wm. nikolozis si-
zarbaznebidan safantiani yumbarebiT gaxsnil magre daikaves da TavdacvisaTvis moemzadnen.
cecxls, qveiTTa da cxenosanTa erTobliv simagris dakavebis Semdeg ozurgeTSi sur-
Setevas ajanyebulebma ver gauZles da ukan saTisa da proviantis Setana daiwyo.
daixies. brZolaSi daaxloebiT 60 ajanyebuli ozurgeTTan, nagomarTan da wm.
daiRupa, kidev ufro meti daiWra. damsjel- nikolozis (SekveTilis) simagresTan gancdi-
ma eqspediciam moklulTa saxiT 3 jariskaci li marcxis Semdeg ajanyeba daRmavlobis gziT
524
vaxtang guruli
wavida. ajanyebulebi ojaxebs daubrundnen, datova, xolo TviTon 21 seqtembers ozur-

organizebuli samxedro Zala aRar arse- geTSi dabrunda. 22 seqtembers regularuli
bobda. polkovnikma arRuTinskim ajanyebis jaris 3 batalioniT da imereTis miliciiT
monawileTa ruseTis imperatoris erTgule- (546 milicieli) arRuTinski ozurgeTidan fo-
baze daficeba daiwyo. 1841 wlis 17 seqtem- Tisaken daiZra. jariskacebma da milicieleb-
brisaTvis gurianTidan, lixauridan, Ciba- ma gza xergilebisagan gawmindes da sofel
Tidan, CoCxaTidan da sxva soflebidan 1.654 grigoleTTan mdinare sufsaze ajanyebulebis
ajanyebulma daifica. am soflebidan dafice- mier damwvari borani aRadgines, riTac foTsa
baze uari Tqva ramdenime aTeulma kacma. didi da wm. nikolozis simagres Soris saxmeleTo
nawili, vinc daficebaze uari Tqva, gurian- mimosvla aRdga. amis Semdeg arRuTinskim ja-
Tidan iyo, isini osmaleTSi apirebdnen gaqce- risa da miliciis ZiriTadi nawili ozurgeT-
vas. polkovnikma arRuTinskim gadawyvita Si gauSva, TviTon ki 50 milicieliT mdinare
guria manam ar daetovebina, sanam tyeSi ga- sufsis xeobas aRma auyva. 24-25 seqtembers wm.
sul ajanyebulebs ar Seipyrobda, vidre ar nikolozis simagris garnizonis nawili, aseve
dasruldeboda ozurgeTisa da wm. nikolozis sofel grigoleTSi dabanakebuli regularu-
simagreebis aRdgena, am simagreebSi sabrZo- li jarisa da milicielTa razmebi arRuTin-
lo masalisa da sursaTis seriozuli mara- skim ozurgeTSi gadaiyvana. wm. nikolozis si-
gis Seqmna, sanam usafrTxo ar gaxdeboda magreSi darCa qarTvel grenaderTa polkis 1
ozurgeTidan foTisa da quTaisisaken mima- aseuli. 29 seqtembers ozurgeTi datova same-
vali gza. miuxedavad aseTi gadawyvetilebi- grelos egerTa polkis, me-3 saxazo batalio-
sa, arRuTinski iZulebuli gaxda zogierT nis, me-2 saxazo batalionis aseulebma, axal-
daTmobaze wasuliyo. 1841 wlis 14 seqtem- cixis miliciam da imereTis miliciis nawilma.
bers Crdilo kavkasiaSi ubixebis winaaRm- 1841 wlis 17 seqtembridan 29 seqtem-
deg sabrZolvelad mimavali general-maior bramde arRuTinskim ruseTis imperatoris
osip anrepis daqvemdebarebaSi arRuTinskim erTgulebaze kidev 2.812 komli daafica.
polkovnik wereTlis meTaurobiT imereTis mi- daficeba oqtombris TveSic gagrZelda.
liciis nawili (450 milicieli) gagzavna. samagi- 1841 wlis 16 oqtombers polkovniki ar-
erod, cxeniswylis saguSagodan ozurgeTSi 50 RuTinski mcire razmiT ozurgeTidan sofel
milicieli gadaiyvanes. arRuTinskim buiurovs lixaurisaken daiZra, raTa piradad darw-
ubrZana wm. nikolozis simagreSi regularuli munebuliyo, rom ajanyebis kerebi aRar ar-
jaris oficrebisa da jariskacebis garda, 150 sebobda. 3 dRe arRuTinski mdinare Coloqis
milicieli daetovebina, xolo 200 milicieli napirze idga, saidanac ozurgeTSi dabrunda.
foTSi levan dadianis gankargulebaSi gaegza- 3. ajanyebis monawileTa Sepyroba
Sepyroba.. 1841
vna. es 200 milicieli, Tu saWiro gaxdeboda, wlis oqtomber-noemberSi aqtiurad mimdin-
general anreps unda miSveleboda. imavdrou- areobda ajanyebis meTaurebis dapatimreba. 6
lad arRuTinski cdilobda saswrafod daes- noembrisaTvis ukve Sepyrobili iyo 16 kaci,
rulebina guriis miliciis xelaxla formireba. romelTagan 10 ajanyebis aqtiur moTaveebad
19 seqtembers guriis milicia, 200 qveiTi da iTvleboda. ajanyebulTa moTaveebis Sepy-
50 cxenosani podpolkovnik maWutaZis meTau- robis saqme arRuTinskim ruseTis erTgul
robiT sofel marnidan ozurgeTisaken daiZra. qarTvelebs miando, romelTac didi mondo-
1841 wlis 19 seqtembers, guriaSi Sesvlis meba gamoiCines. 6 noembridan 15 noembramde
win, quTaisSi erevnis karabinerTa polkis 2 Seipyres ajanyebis kidev 14 moTave, maT Soris
aseulis mier datovebuli samTo artileriis abesa bolqvaZe.
bolqvaZe. abesa bolqvaZe iyo 1841 wlis
ozurgeTSi gadatanis Semdeg, polkovniki ar- 9 agvistos sofel gogoreTTan brusilovis
RuTinski sofel gurianTisaken daiZra, sadac razmis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da 1 seqtembers
ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze yvelaze ozurgeTze Setevis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli,
metma mcxovrebma ar daifica. im droisaTvis mas bralad edeboda aseve, wm. nikolozis si-
gurianTaSi 600 komli iyo. SedarebiT farTo magridan ozurgeTSi mimavali aRalis gaZrcva,
da xergilebisagan gawmendili gzis monakveTis wm. nikolozis simagris karantinisa da sabaJo
gavlis Semdeg viwro da mouxerxebeli gziT Senobebis ganadgureba, kazakebis tyved ayvana
arRuTinski imave dRes gurianTaSi Sevida, sa- da maTi qobuleTSi gayidva. abesa bolqvaZe
dac miliciis 1 razmiT maiori Tavadi nakaSiZe danebebas ar apirebda, brZoliT ixevda ukan
525
tyisaken. srolis dros igi daiWra, ris Sem- winaaRmdegoba da borotmoqmedeba, ra mizezi-
degac tyved aiyvanes. ajanyebis monawileTa Tac unda iyos igi warmoSobili da ra mizniT-
SepyrobaSi ruseTis xelisuflebis moTxovniT ac unda warmoebdes, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
aqtiurad monawileobda qobuleTidan gu- SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnas da damnaSaveni
riaSi 30 oqtombers Semosuli osmalTa razmi usaTuod mkacrad unda daisajon~.
(1.000 kaci). razmi gamogzavnili iyo arzrumis ajanyebis is monawileni, romlebic sa-
serasqiris brZanebiT, romelsac ajanyebul- samarTlos winaSe warsdgnen, or Tanrigad
TaTvis gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis unda Seepy- gayves. pirveli Tanrigis damnaSaveni sam
ro hasan bei TavdgiriZe da misi Zma, xolo nawilad (xarisxad) gaiyo, meore Tanrigi_
Semdeg rusebs ajanyebulTa SepyrobaSi dax- aseve sam nawilad (xarisxad).
mareboda. hasan beim serasqiris brZaneba wi- I. pirveli Tanrigis pirveli xarisxis
naswar Seityo, qobuleTidan gaiqca da tyes damnaSaveebad sasamarTlom miiCnia: 1. Tavadi
Seafara Tavi. osmalTa razmma aWaris terito- praporSCiki ambako SalikaSvili
SalikaSvili,, aznaurebi:
riaze TavSefarebuli bevri ajanyebuli Seipy- svimon Wyonia, svimon qarcivaZe, qaixosro gu-
ro da ruseTis xelisuflebas gadasca. amis gunava (qaixosro gugunava Tavad yasim gu-
Semdeg osmalebma sazRvris gaswvriv daikaves gunavas ukanono Svili iyo, igi oficialur
poziciebi, raTa guriidan aWaraSi ajanye- rusul dokumentebSi ara Tavadad, aramed
bulTa gadasvla aRekveTaT. 15 noembridan aznaurad ixsenieba). maTi sasjeli ase gan-
25 noembramde kidev ajanyebis 10 monawile isazRvra: `Tavad SalikaSvils, aznaur Wyonias
Seipyres. rusebma ver moaxerxes tyeSi gasuli da qaixosro gugunavas aeyaroT yovelgvari
ramdenime kacisxelSi Cagdeba, aWaraSi gada- Rirseba. pirvels jalaTma Tavze gadaamtvri-
suli ramdenime ajanyebuli verc osmaleTis os xmali, xolo qaixosro gugunava daisajos
xelisuflebam Seipyro. SpicruTenebiT (rkinis wkepliT _ v.g.) or-
ajanyebis yvela keris likvidaciisa da jer 500 kacSi gatarebiT. samive gaigzavnos
ajanyebis winamZRolTa didi nawilis Sepyrob- cimbirSi sakatorRo samuSaoze. SalikaSvils
is Semdeg arRuTinskim regularuli jaris da Wyonias xazinis sasargeblod CamoerTvaT
nawilebis dislokaciis adgilebze dabruneba qoneba. aznauri svimon qarcivaZe ki ganTa-
daiwyo. 1841 wlis 23 noembers quTaisSi da- visuldes sasjelisagan da gamoSvebul iqnas
brunda donis kazakTa me-8 polkis razmi (1 TavdebiT~ (svimon qarcivaZem ajanyebulebs
ufrosi oficeri, 1 uriadniki, 23 kazaki) da uRalata da Semdeg maT SepyrobaSic monaw-
me-19 saartilerio brigadis razmi zarba- ileobda, ris gamoc sasamarTlom mas sasjeli
znebiT; 25 noembers quTaisisaken daiZra ar Seufarda).
erevnis karabinerTa polkis orive aseuli pirveli Tanrigis meore da mesame xarisx-
me-19 saartilerio brigadis zarbaznebiT da is damnaSaveebad miCneuli iqnen glexebi: esika
imereTis miliciis nawili (qveiTebi); 30 noem- mamulaiSvili, gogia jiblaZe, maxarobel ji-
bers ozurgeTi datova qarTvel grenaderTa blaZe, esika jiblaZe, nikoloz ToiZe, gogiCa
polkis me-2 batalionma da imereTis mili- gordelaZe, mamuka anTaZe, maxarobel doliZe,
ciis nawilma (cxenosnebma). 30 noembersve ar- iase Sewiruli, svimon Wyonia. maTi sasjeli
RuTinskim quTaisSi gagzavna dapatimrebuli ase ganisazRvra: `yvela xsenebuli bralde-
ajanyebis monawileni (40 kaci). 8 dekembers buli, garda esika jiblaZisa, daisajos Spi-
polkovniki movses arRuTinski-dolgorukovi cruTenebiT, TviTeuli 500 kacSi orjer
guriidan axalcixeSi gaemgzavra. gatarebiT da gaigzavnos 10 wliT bobruiskSi,
4. ajanyebulTa gasamarTleba. ajanyebis patimarTa aseulSi; xolo esika jiblaZe, misi
monawileTa sasamarTlo procesi 1842 wlis axalgazrdobis gamo, daisajos 120 wkepliT
3 Tebervlidan 13 martamde mimdinareobda da gaigzavnos imave patimarTa aseulSi 10
quTaisSi. ganaCeni dasamtkiceblad gaegza- wliT~.
vna kavkasiis mTavrsardal evgeni golovins
golovins.. II. meore Tanrigis pirveli xarisxis damna-
ganaCeni 14 aprils damtkicda. sasamarTlos Saveebad miCneul iqnen glexebi: enuqa vadaWko-
masalebisa da ganaCenis gacnobis Semdeg go- ria, aTan vadaWkoria, nikoloz vadaWkoria, go-
lovinma aseTi daskvna gaakeTa: `kanonieri xe- gia vadaWkoria, daTika megreliZe, maTia CinCa-
lisuflebisadmi urCoba, romelsac Tan sdevs baZe. maTi sasjeli ase ganisazRvra: enuqa da
samxedro Zalebisadmi aSkara SeiaraRebuli gogia vadaWkoriebi, maTia CinCabaZe daisajon
526
vaxtang guruli
SpicruTenebiT TiToeuli 500 kacSi orjer is mTavarsardals sTxova, rom quTaisSi sa-
gatarebiT da gaigzavnon sevastopolSi, pati- samarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCeni guriaSi
marTa aseulSi, 10 wliT; aTan da nikoloz sajarod ar gamoecxadebinaT, radgan gamor-
vadaWkoriebi, daTika megreliZe, axalgazr- icxuli ar iyo axali mRelvarebis dawyeba.
dobis gamo, daisajon 120 wkepliT TiToeuli Txovna Sewynarebul iqna.
da gaigzavnon brest-litovskSi, patimarTa quTaisSi ajanyebulTa sasamarTlom ga-
aseulSi, 10 wliT. naCeni gamoitana, romelic evgeni golovinma
meore Tanrigis meore xarisxis damna- daamtkica, magram moulodnelad imperator-
Saveebad miCneuli iqnen glexebi: nikoloz Cin- ma nikolai I-ma yvelaferi Secvala. peter-
CabaZe da lazare vadaWkoria. maTi sasjeli ase burgidan kavkasiis mTavarsardals acnobes:
ganisazRvra: `glexi nikoloz CinCabaZe orjer imperatorma `moiRo wyaloba jer kidev
gatarebul iqnas 500-kacian mwyobrSi; lazare gaunaTlebeli, sawyali xalxis mimarT. miiRo
vadaWkoria, axalgazrdobis gamo daisajos ra mxedvelobaSi, rom gurulebi CaTreuli
120 wkepliT. orive gaigzavnos bobruiskSi, iyvnen danaSaulSi ara boroti ganzraxulo-
patimarTa aseulSi, 10 wliT. biT, aramed mTavrobis WeSmarit mosazrebaTa
meore Tanrigis mesame xarisxis damna- gaugebrobiT, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
Saveebad miCneuli iqnen glexebi: giorgi kvaWa- mier Tavisi pirdapiri movaleobis arasworad
ntiraZe, esika xuxunaiSvili, ivane nikolozis SesrulebiT, yovlad mowyalebiT am saqmis
Ze maxaraZe, ivane grigolis Ze maxaraZe, esika monawile yvela msjavrdebuls danaSauli apa-
gelaZe, gogia dumbaZe. maTi sasjeli ase gan- tia, garda praporSCik Tavad ambako SalikaS-
isazRvra: giorgi kvaWantiraZe, esika xuxunaiS- vilisa, romelic imyofeboda milicielTa
vili, ivane grigolis Ze maxaraZe, esika gelaZe Soris, gaiqca ozurgeTidan da ikisra meam-
da gogia dumbaZe daisajon SpicruTenebiT boxeTa ufrosoba, aSkarad Caidina borotgan-
500 kacSi orjer gatarebiT da gaigzavnon zraxviTi Ralati~.
sevastopolSi, patimarTa aseulSi, 7 wliT; 5. 1841 wlis guriis ajanyebis istori-
ivane grigolis Ze maxaraZes, axalgazrdobis uli mniSvneloba. guriis ajanyeba erovnuli
gamo, daertyas 105 wkepla da gaigzavnos imave moZraobis umniSvnelovanesi etapia, es iyo
patimarTa aseulSi 7 wliT. meore Tanrigis ruseTis batonobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
mesame xarisxis damnaSaveebad aseve CaiTval- didi saxalxo moZraoba, romelSic guriis mo-
nen: aznauri aleqsandre nakaiZe da glexebi: saxleobis yvela socialuri fena (Tavadebi,
esika kvaWantiraZe, buCa CxataraiSvili, maqsime aznaurebi, glexebi) monawileobda. samxedro
jorbenaZe, gabila baqaniZe, daTo Rlonti. maTi TvalsazrisiT ajanyeba imdenad kargad iyo
sasjeli ase ganisazRvra: àznaur nakaiZes organizebuli, rom sul mokle xanSi ajanye-
aeyaros yovelgvari Rirseba, gaigzavnos bulebma xelT igdes guriaSi ruseTis ja-
cimbiris sakatorRo samuSaoze, CamoerTvas ris yvela saguSago da simagre, seriozuli
mamuli xazinis sasargeblod; glex jorbena- safrTxe Seuqmnes iseT strategiul punqtebs,
Zes axalgazrdobis gamo daertyas 105 wkepla rogoric iyo ozurgeTi da foTi. guriis
da gaigzavnos brest-litovskSi, patimarTa ajanyebis CaxSoba mxolod seriozuli samx-
aseulSi, 7 wliT; glexebi eseka kvaWanti- edro Zalisa da teqnikis mobilizebis Semdeg
raZe, CxataraiSvili da baqaniZe daisajon Spi- gaxda SesaZlebeli. 1841 wlis maisidan seqtem-
cruTenebiT 500 kacSi gatarebiT da gaigza- bramde, kavkasiis mTavarsardali, kavkasiis
vnon imave patimarTa aseulSi 7 wliT. korpusis Stabi, Tbilisis samxedro guberna-
zemoT CamoTvlili 34 braldebulidan 2 tori SeSfoTebiT adevnebdnen Tvalyurs gu-
TavdebiT gaaTavisufles, sul TavdebiT 13 riaSi mimdinare movlenebs. ruseTis xelisu-
kaci iqna gaTavisuflebuli. 10 braldebulis fleba iZulebuli gaxda guriis ajanyebis
Sepyroba sasamarTlos damTavrebis droisaT- gamo Crdilo kavkasiaSi ubixebis winaaRmdeg
visac ki ver moxerxda, isini osmaleTSi ga- dagegmili samxedro eqspediciac ki gadaedo.
daixvewnen. ajanyebis dros daRvrili sisxli zrdida
aznauri abesa bolqvaZe sasamarTlos daw- zizRs dampyroblisadmi, rac, saboloo jamSi,
yebis droisaTvis ukve cocxali aRar iyo, igi mniSvnelovnad aferxebda ruseTis koloniu-
manamde mokles. ri politikis ganxorcielebas.
guriis mazris axalma ufrosma kavkasi-
527
Tavi XXVIII. qarTveli glexoba batonymobis gauqmebamde

(XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebis damdegamde)
XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi glexoba, rom mazris teritoriaze mcxovreb saxelm-
mflobelobis mixedviT, iseve, rogorc ruse- wifo glexTa komlebidan sakmao raodenobis
Tis imperiis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobamde, miwa arc erTs ar gaaCnda, ris gamoc, Tavi
sam kategoriad iyofoda: 1. saxelmwifo (saxa- rom gaetanaT da saxazino gadasaxadi gadae-
zino), anu yofili samefo, glexebi; 2. saba- xadaT, garkveuli pirobebiT sabatono miwas
tono,, anu Tavadebisa da aznaurebis, kuTvni-
tono amuSavebdnen. 1852 wels Sedgenil erT-erT
li glexebi; 3. saeklesio
saeklesio,, anu eklesiebisa da sabuTSi aRniSnulia, rom aRmosavleT saqa-
monastrebis kuTvnili glexebi. XIX saukunis rTvelos mTianeTSi mcxovreb saxelmwifo
damdegidan swrafad izrdeboda saxelmwifo glexebs imdeni miwac ki ar gaaCniaT, rom xor-
glexebis raodenoba da XIX saukunis 50-iani blis mosavali naxevari wlis ganmavlobaSi
wlebis miwurulisaTvis mTeli glexobis eyoT.
naxevarze mets Seadgenda. 1860-1861 wlebis mZime viTareba iyo dasavleT saqarT-
monacemebiT, Tbilisisa da quTaisis guber- veloSi. 1848 wlis monacemebiT, quTaisis gu-
niebSi (afxazeTis, svaneTisa da samegrelos berniis quTaisis mazris saxelmwifo glexebis
gamoklebiT) 116.875 komli glexi iyo aRricx- 3,3% saerTod ar gaaCnda saxnav-saTesi da sav-
uli. aqedan 65.908 komli, glexTa saerTo ra- enaxe miwa, xolo danarCeni 87,7 %-is sakomlo
odenobis 56,4%, saxelmwifo glexebis katego- miwis raodenoba 0,2 _ 6 desetinas Seadgenda.
rias ganekuTvneboda, sabatono glexebi 37.971 mTeli imereTis masStabiT saxazino glexTa
komls (32,4%), xolo saeklesio glexebi 13.442 komlebis 9% flobda 15-20 desetina miwas. im-
komls(11,2%) Seadgendnen. glexTa samive kat- droindeli monacemebis mixedviT dadgenilia,
egoria ganicdida miwis did naklebobas, vi- rom imereTSi ramdenadme normaluri cxovre-
Tarebas kidev ufro amZimebda sakanonmdeblo ba-arsebobisaTvis, sul mcire, 6 desetina
bazis mouwesrigebloba. miwa mainc iyo auciebeli. es ki imas niSnavs,
rom quTaisis mazris saxelmwifo glexTa 91%-
s arsebobisaTvis aucilebeli minimaluri Se-
mosavalic ki ar gaaCndaT. am mZime viTarebam
§1.. saxelmwifo glexebi
§1 asaxva pova quTaisis general-gubernator
saxelmwifo glexebi sabatono da saekle- aleqsandr gagarinis mier 1853 wels kavkasiis
sio glexebTan SedarebiT met miwas flobdnen, samefisnacvlos administraciaSi wardgenil
Tumca, TavisTavad, isinic miwis naklebobas moxsenebaSi. masSi aRniSnulia: quTaisis maz-
ganicdidnen. XIX saukunis 50-iani wlebisaT- ris saxelmwifo glexebs, romlebic am kat-
vis saxelmwifo glexTa saxnav-saTesi miwebis egoriaSi 7-10 welia, Caricxuli arian, an
saSualo-sakomlo raodenoba udrida: Telav- saerTod ar gaaCniaT, an floben 1,5 qceva(1
isa da ozurgeTis mazrebSi _ 2,5 desetinas, qceva =3.600 kvadratul metrs) miwas, ris ga-
goris mazraSi _ 2 desetinas (1 desetina =1,09 moc isini ukidures siRaribeSi aRmoCndnen.
heqtars). miwis simcire glexobas aiZulebda quTaisis mazris msgavsad, mZime mdgomareoba
saCivrebiT miemarTa xelisuflebisaTvis. iyo raWis mazraSi. 1842 wlis monacemebiT, aq
1843 wels Telavis mazris ufrosis TanaSemwe saxelmwifo glexTa komlebis 97,2% an mcire
aRniSnavda, rom sofel yvarelSi 59 komli miwas flobda, an miwa saerTod ar gaaCnda.
saxelmwifo glexi cxovrobda, romelTac saxelmwifo glexTa didi nawili Tavs ir-
saxnavi miwa da baRi saerTod ar gaaCndaT, Cenda da saxazino gadasaxads ixdida saekle-
ramdenime komli sabatono da saeklesio miwas sio an sabatono miwis damuSavebiT. cxadia,
amuSavebda. amitom iyo, rom glexebi xazinas es miwa glexebs ijariT hqondaT aRebuli da
gadasaxads ver uxdidnen, araTu gadasaxadis eklesiasac gadasaxadsac uxdidnen. ase rom,
gadaxda, Tavis gatanas Zlivs axerxebdnen. umiwo saxazino glexi gadasaxads uxdida xa-
1849 wels duSeTSi mivlinebuli moxele Ta- zinas, xolo miwis ijaras _ mflobels. 1858
vis moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda, rom aqac saxelm- wels sofel yvarlis saxelmwifo glexebi-
wifo glexebi miwis did naklebobas ganicdid- sagan 8 komls saeklesio miwa hqonda ija-
nen. 1852 wels goris mazris ufrosi werda, riT aRebuli, sofel nafareulis saxazino
528
vaxtang guruli
glexebs _ Tavad WavWavaZisa, sofel SaSian- dadgenisas ganmsazRvreli iyo komlis eko-
is 100 koml saxelmwifo glexs _ saeklesio nomikuri mdgomareoba, ZiriTadad, vargisi
miwa, sofel kalauris 114 komli saxelmwifo miwis raodenoba. patarZeulis saxelmwifo
glexic eklesiisagan iRebda ijariT miwas. glexebi, romelTa TiToeuli komli arau-
1858 wlisaTvis Telavis mazris saxelmwifo metes 1 desetina vargis miwas flobda, 4-jer
glexebis komlTa 41,6% ijariT aRebul miwas nakleb kodis purs ixdida, vidre SaSianisa,
amuSavebda. sadac saxelmwifo glexTa TiToeuli komli
saxelmwifo glexebi xazinas uxdidnen saSualod 6,6 desetina vargis miwas flobda.
gadasaxads rogorc naturiT (produqtiT), amrigad, kodis puris mTeli simZime mx-
ise fuliT. 1843-1845 wlebis sagadasaxado olod saxelmwifo glexebs awvaT kiserze, ma-
sistemis reformamde naturiT gadasaxadidan gram ara yvela komls, aramed SedarebiT SeZle-
yvelaze mZime iyo kodis purisa
purisa.. xorbliT ga- bulebs. kodis purs mxolod kaxeTis (Telavisa
dasaxads ixdidnen rogorc saxelmwifo, ise da siRnaRis) saxelmwifo glexebi ixdidnen.
sabatono da saeklesio glexebi. 1802 wels im gadasaxadebis ricxvs, romelTac sax-
Sedgenil wesdebaSi sursaTiT dabegvris Tao- elmwifo glexebi puriT uxdidnen xazinas,
baze aRniSnulia, rom es gadasaxadi savalde- ganekuTvneboda Ralac
Ralac.. Rala, gansxvavebiT
bulo iyo samive kategoriis glexTaTvis. vi- kodis purisagan, warmoadgenda miwis ga-
Tareba ar Secvlila momdevno xanebSic, rac dasaxads, rentas, romelsac xazina iRebda
dasturdeba 1820 wlis 27 oqtombris dokumen- saxelmwifo glexebisagan. Ralis raodenoba
tiT. amasTan erTad, zogierT wyaros garkveu- meryeobda mTliani Semosavlis erTi meaTe-
li gaugebroba Seaqvs, Tu glexTa romeli didan erT mexuTedamde. Ralas ixdida ara
kategoria ixdida kodis puris gadasaxads. yvela saxelmwifo komli, aramed mxolod is,
1803 wels qiziySi siRnaRis mazris kapitan- romelic sargeblobda saxazino miwiT dawese-
ispravniki saxazino glexebSi kodis puris buli normis zeviT. Ralas ixdidnen sabatono
gadasaxads krebda. rusi moxele gaocebuli da saeklesio glexebic, Tu isini saxazino
darCenila imiT, rom gadasaxadis gadamxde- miwiT sargeblobdnen. 1825 wlis erT-erT
li soflebis siaSi sami samonastro sofeli, dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom Ralas ixdid-
maSnaari, bodbe da bodbisxevi, yofila Set- nen quTaisis mazris soflebis varcixisa da
anili, maSin, rodesac manamde es soflebi àm kvaxWiris sabatono da saeklesio glexebic,
gadasaxads arasdros ixdidnen~ Turme. imave radgan isini saxazino miwiT sargeblobdnen.
wels es soflebi, saqarTvelos mmarTvelis amrigad, Rala iyo miwis gadasaxadi, ren-
miTiTebis Tanaxmad, kodis puris gadasaxadis- ta, romelsac ixdidnen saxelmwifo glexTa is
agan gauTavisuflebiaT da gadasaxadi saxelm- komlebi, romlebic dawesebuli normis zemoT
wifo glexTa komlebze gaunawilebiaT. 1820 saxazino miwiT sargeblobdnen, aseve, saekle-
wlis erT-erT dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom sio da sabatono glexebi, Tuki isini ijariT
saxelmwifo glexebi ixdidnen kodis purs, iRebdnen saxazino miwebs.
xolo saeklesio da sabatono glexebi _ ara. saxelmwifo glexTa gadasaxadebs Soris
unda aRiniSnos, rom kodis purs mxolod iyo kuluxic
kuluxic.. kuluxs umTavresad Tbili-
Tbilisis guberniis, siRnaRisa da Telavis sis guberniis, goris, Telavisa da siRnaRis
mazrebis saxelmwifo glexTa komlebi ixdid- mazrebis is saxelmwifo glexebi ixdidnen,
nen da Tanac, ara yvela. am gadasaxads ix- romelTac saxazino miwebze venaxi hqondaT
dida saxelmwifo glexTa mxolod is komli, gaSenebuli. rogorc Cans, es wesi sayovel-
romelsac vargisi miwa da SeZlebuli meur- Tao ar iyo. 1821 wlis erT-erT dokumentSi
neoba gaaCnda. wyaroebSi miTiTebuli ar aris, aRniSnulia, rom saxelmwifo glexTa komlebi,
ra zomiT ixdida saxelmwifo glexis komli romelTa venaxi saxazino miwaze iyo gaSeneb-
kodis purs. sxvadasxvagvari iyo am gadasaxa- uli, kuluxs uxdidnen ara marto xazinas,
dis saSualo sakomlo raodenoba Telavis aramed eklesiasac. kuluxs saxelmwifo glex-
mazris soflebSic ki. SaSianSi is udrida 3,9 is komli ixdida naturiT, miRebuli Rvinis
kods, toRnianSi _ 3,6 kods, SalaurSi _1,7 erTi meaTedidan erT meSvidedamde raodeno-
kods, giorgiwmindaSi _ 1,4 kods, patarZeul- biT. iyo gamonaklisic, rodesac xazina am ga-
Si _1 kods. eWvs ar unda iwvevdes is faqti, dasaxads fuliT iRebda.
rom kodis puris gadasaxadis raodenobis naturiT gadasaxadebs Soris iyo yalan-
529
ic. es iyo gadasaxadi xorbalze, romelsac

ic. vnelovani iyo maxta
maxta.. erTi wyaros cnobiT, max-
mxolod Tbilisis guberniis duSeTis mazris tiT ibegrebodnen mxolod vaWrebi da saxelm-
saxelmwifo glexebi ixdidnen. rogorc Cans, wifo glexebi. aleqsei ermolovi aRniSnavs,
kaxeTSi, Telavisa da siRnaRis mazrebSi, ya- rom maxta qarTvel mefeTa mier dawesebuli
lans kodis puri cvlida. yalaniT ibegrebo- gadasaxadi iyo, romelsac ixdida Tbilisis
da arasaxelmwifo glexTa komlebi, Tu maTi mosaxleobis is nawili, romelsac moqalaqis
miwis nakveTis farTobi saSualod 7,5 _ 10 wodeba hqonda. dokunemtebidan dgindeba, rom
desetinas Seadgenda. am gadasaxads sakomlo sinamdvileSi maxtas ixdidnen aRmosavleT
ewodeboda. mTian zonaSi sakomlo ufro didi saqarTvelos is saxelmwifo glexebic, rom-
iyo. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, rodesac mTian lebic vaWroba-xelosnobas misdevdnen, aseve
zonaSi erT sakomloze sinamdvileSi ramden- _ yazaxis, SamSadilusa da borCalos saxazino
ime ojaxi iyo dasaxlebuli da TiToeuli uwyebis mflobelobaSi Semavali mosaxleoba.
ojaxi 1 desetina saxnav-saTess flobda. ga- maxta did fulad Semosavals iZleoda. 1842
dasaxadis dadgenisas iTvaliswinebdnen sakom- wels saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniis mTeli
los raodenobas da ara_ masze dasaxlebuli fuladi Semosavlis 85,3% maxtiT ivseboda.
ojaxebis raodenobas. es mZime mdgomareobaSi fulad gadasaxads warmoadgenda mali mali,,
agdebda glexobas. 1844 wlidan xazina yalans romelsac gorisa da Tbilisis moqalaqeebi
naturis nacvlad fuliT iRebda. da qalaqSi mcxovrebi saxelmwifo glexebi ix-
naturiT gadasaxads ganekuTvneboda e.w. didnen. gadasaxadi ara komlze, aramed mam-
begara da saCuqari
saCuqari,, romelTac mxolod Tbili- robiTi sqesis mcxovreblebze iyo gawerili.
sis guberniis goris mazris saxelmwifo glex- 1802 wlidan ruseTis xelisuflebam malis
Ta komlebis nawili ixdida. 1813 wlis monace- raodenoba ase gansazRvra: colianisagan _6
mebiT, goris mazraSi 629 komli saxelmwifo abazi, ucolosagan _ 3 abazi.
glexi cxovrobda, romelTagan begaras da gadasaxadebis dawesebis TvalsazrisiT
saCuqars mxolod 97 komli (saerTo raodeno- gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna dasav-
bis 15,7%) ixdida. rogorc Cans, am gadasaxa- leT saqarTveloSi (imereTSi, guriaSi, same-
diT mxolod osi saxelmwifo glexebi ibegre- grelosa da afxazeTSi). ruseTis xelisufle-
bodnen. goris mazris 9 sofelSi mcxovrebi bam garTulebebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
osebi miwaTmoqmedebasac misdevdnen, magram gadawyvita, pirvel xanebSi ucvlelad dae-
maT ZiriTad saqmianobas mejogeoba-mesaqon- tovebina Zveli sagadasaxado sistema. imer-
leoba warmoadgenda. begara swored mejoge eTSi saxelmwifo glexebi gadasaxads Cveu-
osebis gadasaxadi iyo, rasac 1823 wlis erTi lebriv, naturiTa da fuliT, ixdidnen, magram
dokumenti adasturebs. am gadasaxadis zusti amave dros asrulebdnen metad mZime SromiT
raodenoba dadgenili ar aris. 1823 wels os- begaras.
ebi erT komlze 2 cxvarsa da 1 batkans ixdid- imereTis samefos arsebobis periodSi
nen. saCuqris gadamxdelebic goris mazris samefo xazinis umTavres Semosavals warmoad-
osi saxelmwifo glexebi iyvnen. am gadasaxa- genda Semdegi gadasaxadebi: sauri, saudiero,
dis zusti raodenobac ar aris dadgenili. sacixe.. sauri fuladi gadasaxadi iyo. samefo
sacixe
1823 wels goris mazris zemoT xsenebuli 9 glexis yoveli komli ibegreboda 2 marCil-
soflis osi saxelmwifo glexebis TiToeuli iT (daaxloebiT 52 kapiki). imave raodenobiT
komli saCuqris saxiT 1 xars ixdida. sxva doda komlobravad ikribeboda meore fuladi
kumentSi aRniSnulia, rom gadasaxadis raode- gadasaxadi sacixe, romelic samxedro dan-
noba 2 xari iyo. iSnulebisaTvis iyo gamiznuli. rac Seexeba
naturis garda, saxelmwifo glexebi saudieros, misi gadaxda naturiT xdeboda.
fulad gadasaxadsac ixdidnen. fulad ga- samefo glexebis TiToeul komls xazinaSi Se-
dasaxads warmoadgenda sabalaxo
sabalaxo.. am gadasaxa- hqonda 15 baTmani Romi an 3 baTmani xorbali
diT ibegrebodnen saxazino saZovrebiT moda 40 koka (600 litri) Rvino. amas emateboda
sargeble glexebi, ZiriTadad TuSebi, fSav- msxvilfexa rqosan pirutyvze gadasaxadi, 1
lebi da xevsurebi. 1808 wlidan isini xazinas suli saqoneli _ yovel 20-25 komlze. am ga-
yovel sul cxvarze 2 maneTs da yovel bat- dasaxadebidan xazinaSi arc Tu ise didi Tanxa
kanze 1 maneTsa da 20 kapiks uxdidnen. Sedioda. ruseTis xelisuflebis gaangariSe-
fulad gadasaxadebs Soris yvelaze mniS- biT 1817 wels imereTis saxelmwifo (yofili
530
vaxtang guruli
samefo) glexebidan xazinaSi 16.745 maneTi baze (43.134 komlze), gamodis, rom saSualod
Sevida. imereTSi saxelmwifo glexebidan ga- yoveli komli SromiTi begaris saxiT 3 mane-
dasaxadis akrefa didxans ver mowesrigda. TiTa da 20 kapikiT daibegra. gansakuTrebiT
saxelmwifo glexebidan gadasaxadis akre- mZime iyo SromiTi begara Tbilisis guberniis,
fa mTel saqarTveloSi sxvadasxvagvar winaaR- siRnaRis, gorisa da axalcixis mazrebSi.
mdegobas awydeboda, ris gamoc sagadasaxa- sagadasaxado sistemis reforma TiTqos
do sistema didxans ver gaimarTa, didi iyo gadasaxadis amoRebis mowesrigebas iTval-
glexTa davalianeba. 1830-1842 wlebSi Tela- iswinebda, sinamdvileSi ki reformam ga-
vis mazris saxelmwifo, sabatono da saekle- dasaxadebis gazrda gamoiwvia. reformis
sio glexebs unda gadaexadaT 364.408 kodi Sedegad Tbilisis guberniaSi glexTa saxa-
xorbali da qeri, gadaixdes mxolod 128.307 zino gadasaxadebi (saerobo gadasaxadis Cau-
kodi, anu Sewerili raodenobis 59,47%. 1843- Tvlelad) 57.339 maneTidan 101.002 maneTamde
1845 wlebSi gatarda sagadasaxado sistemis gaizarda, anu 76,4 % moimata.
reforma, romlis ZaliTac naturiT gadasaxa- reformam kidev ufro daamZima saxelm-
di fuladiT Seicvala. amieridan saxazino wifo glexebis mdgomareoba, Tumca natural-
glexebi yvela gadasaxads fuliT ixdidnen. uri gadasaxadis erTiani fuladi gadasaxadiT
Tbilisis guberniis glexebi, garda sa- Secvla progresul movlenad unda miviCnioT,
komlo gadasaxadisa, ixdidnen saerobo ga- radgan igi xels uwyobda fulad-sasaqonlo
dasaxadsac. mas ixdidnen rogorc saxelm- warmoebis ganviTarebas, glexobis mWidro da-
wifo, ise saeklesio da sabatono glexebi, 2 kavSirebas bazarTan da, saerTo jamSi, ekonomi-
maneTs komlze. kur progress.
quTaisis guberniis Sorapnisa da raWis
mazrebSi naturiT gadasaxadi fuladiT 1845
wels Seicvala, xolo ozurgeTis mazraSi _
1860 wels. Sorapnis, raWisa da ozurgeTis §2. sabatono glexebi
saxelmwifo glexebi, iseve, rogorc saekle- sabatono glexebi raodenobrivad sax-
sio glexebi, sam Tanrigad dayves. TiToeul elmwifo glexebs CamorCebodnen, Tumca sWar-
komlze Sewerili gadasaxadi 3 meneTidan 5 bobdnen saeklesio glexebs. 1860-1861 wlebis
maneTamde meryeobda. gacilebiT naklebi iyo monacemebiT, rogorc aRvniSneT, saqarT-
saeklesio glexTa komlobrivi gadasaxadi, veloSi 37.831 komli sabatono glexi iyo, anu
romelic 1 maneTidan 2 maneTamde meryeobda. mTeli glexobis 32,4 %. sabatono glexebis
sabatono glexebi Tanrigebad ar dauyviaT. ekonomikuri mdgomareoba ufro mZime iyo,
maTi yoveli komli 1 maneTs ixdida. quTai- vidre saxelmwifo glexebisa, rac, upirveles
sis, Sorapnisa da raWis mazrebis saxelmwifo, yovlisa, isev miwis simciriT iyo gamowveuli.
saeklesio da sabatono glexebi saerobo ga- miwis simcire seriozul problemas war-
dasaxadsac ixdidnen, 1 maneTsa da 35 kapiks. moadgenda, rac, saboloo jamSi, batonymobis
1843-1845 wlebis reformam, rogorc gauqmebis Semdeg xels uSlida soflis meur-
aRvniSneT, yvela gadasaxadi erT fulad ga- neobis aRmavlobas. es mizezi batonymobis ar-
dasaxadSi gaaerTiana, magram, amave dros, xe- sebobis pirobebSi glexs ojaxis gamokvebis
luxleblad datova SromiTi begara da misi saSualebas uspobda. moviyvanT ramdenime mag-
moxdis adrindeli wesi. SromiTi begara iT- aliTs: raWis sofel bostanaSi XIX saukunis
valiswinebda saxelmwifo glexebis gayvanas 20-ian wlebSi 23 komli sabatono glexi cxov-
Sara- gzebis mSeneblobaze, arxebis mSene- robda, romlebic 37 desetina saxnav-saTes
blobasa da gawmendaze, sakuTari transpor- miwas flobdnen, anu 1 komlze saSualod 1,6
tiT tvirTis gadatanasa da sxv. es iyo Zalze desetina modioda; imereTis sofel Terjo-
mZime valdebuleba. 1851 wels qarTlisa da laSi XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi 98 komli sa-
kaxeTis saxelmwifo glexebma xelisuflebis batono glexi iyo aRricxuli, romelTagan 6
moTxovniT tvirTis gadasatanad gamoiyvanes komls (komlebis saerTo raodenobis 6,1 %)
12.770 uremi da 90.833 muSa. am samuSaosaTvis miwa saerTod ar hqonda, 8 komli (8,4 %) orive
urmebis patronebs da muSebs 142.000 maneTi sqesis TiTo sulze flobda mxolod 0,1 de-
unda mieRoT. am Tanxas Tu gavyofT Tbilisisa setina miwas, 13 komli (13,3 %) _ 0,2 desetinas,
da quTaisis guberniebis komlebis raodeno- 16 komli (16,3 %) _ 0,3 desetinas, 12 komli
531
(12,2 %) _ 0,4 desetinas, 14 komli (14,3 %) _ 0,5 warmoadgenda. rac Seexeba fulad gadasaxads,
desetinas, 5 komli (5,1 %) _ 0,7 desetinas, 1 igi XIX saukunis damdegs TiTqmis ar arsebob-
komli (1 %) _ 0,8 desetinas, 3 komli (3 %) _ 0,9 da da mxolod 30-iani wlebidan iqna SemoRe-
desetinas, 2 komli (2 %) _ 1 desetinas. saSua- buli. SromiTi begara glexs avaldebulebda
lod TerjolaSi sabatono glexis TiToeul Tavadisa da aznauris miwis daxvnas, daTesvas,
komlze modioda: 2,8 desetina saxnav saTesi, morwyvasa da mosavlis aRebas, aseve, xorb-
savenaxe da samosaxlo miwa, xolo orive sqe- lis, yanisa da baR-venaxis darajobas. zemoT
sis yovel sulze_ 0,42 desetina. kidev ufro CamoTvlili samuSaos Sesruleba did drosa
savalalo iyo quTaisis guberniis mTliani da energias moiTxovda. naturiT gadasaxadSi
monacemebi. batonymobis gauqmebis wina xanebi- mTavari adgili Ralasa da kuluxs ekava. Rala
saTvis quTaisis guberniaSi (afxazeTis, svane- xorbliT gadasaxadi iyo, romelsac glexebi
Tisa da samegrelos gamoklebiT) sabatono memamulis miwaze moyvanili mosavlidan ix-
glexis 1 komli saSualod 1,5 desetinidan 2 didnen. Ralis raodenoba da misi aRebis wesi
desetinamde miwas flobda. maSin, rodesac yvelgan erTnairi ar iyo da igi upiratesad
XX saukunis damdegisaTvis, rodesac sasof- miwis xarisxiT ganisazRvreboda. zogierT
lo-sameurneo teqnika gacilebiT ufro gan- sofelSi Ralis raodenoba moweuli mosavlis
viTarebuli iyo, quTaisis guberniaSi glexs erTi meSvidedidan erT mesamedamde meryeob-
ojaxis gamosakvebad 4-5 desetina vargisi miwa da. kuluxi RviniT gadasaxads warmoadgenda
sWirdeboda. da mas ixdida yvela glexi ganurCevlad imisa,
Tbilisis guberniaSi saxnav-saTesi mi- Tu sad iyo gaSenebuli venaxi _ mebatonis Tu
wis raodenobis mxriv ramdenadme ukeTesi glexis miwaze. garda Ralisa da kuluxisa,
mdgomareoba iyo. miuxedavad amisa, sabato- sabatono glexebi valdebuli iyvnen yovel
no glexebis didi nawili aqac miwis nakle- saeklesio dResaswaulze mebatonisaTvis mi-
bobas ganicdida. miwis nakleboba sabatono erTmiaT soflis meurneobis produqti, xolo
glexs aiZulebda gare samuSaoze wasuliyo Tu mebatone maT estumreboda, gamaspinZle-
da ojaxis rCenis sxva gzebi eZebna. sabatono bodnen. Tu mebatonis ojaxSi qorwili iyo,
glexebis ekonomikur mdgomareobas, miwis sim- glexs unda mierTmia saqorwino saklavi
ciris garda, gansazRvravda gadasaxadebi. XIX (Zroxa). fuladi gadasaxadi ar iyo zustad
saukunis damdegidan ruseTis xelisufleba dadgenili. SemorCenili masalebidan dginde-
dainteresda, Tu ra saxis gadasaxads uxdida ba, rom glexebi mebatones fulad gadasaxads
glexoba Tavadebsa da aznaurebs, Tumca saga- aZlevdnen Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: 1. Tu meba-
dasaxado sistemis mowesrigeba didxans ver tonis ojaxSi qorwili iyo, an mebatone omSi
moxerxda. 1826 wels saqarTvelos uzenaesma midioda (iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac mebatone
mTavrobam qarTlisa da kaxeTis Tavadebsa da am ori SemTxvevis garda piradi Sexedule-
aznaurebs mosTxova epasuxaT kiTxvaze, Tu ra biT awesebda fulad gadasaxads); 2. Tu glexi
saxis gadasaxads iRebdnen isini glexebisagan. qaliSvils gaaTxovebda; 3. Tu glexis qvrivi
Tbilisis, siRnaRis, gorisa da duSeTis maz- gaTxovdeboda; 4. Tu glexis komli gaiyre-
rebis Tavadebisa da aznaurebisagan miRebuli boda.
pasuxebiT SeiZleba vimsjeloT arsebul saga- 1826 wels saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
dasaxado sistemaze. es masalebi saSualebas nawilis mTavarmarTebelma general-leiten-
ar iZleva zustad dadgindes gadasaxadebis antma ivan veliaminovma saqarTvelos uzen-
raodenoba. samagierod, cxadi xdeba, rom Ta- aesi mTavrobis saerTo sakrebulos sxdomaze
vadebi da aznaurebi glexebs TavianTi neba- ganacxada, rom Tbilisis, siRnaRis, gorisa da
survilis mixedviT axdevinebdnen gadasaxads. duSeTis mazrebis sabatono glexebi 38 dasax-
miuxedavad sagadasaxado sistemis daudgen- elebis sxvadasxva gadasaxads ixdidnen. amas-
loba-gaurkvevlobisa, dokumentebze dayrd- Tan erTad, aRiniSna, rom es sia sruli ar iyo.
nobiT SesaZlebeli xdeba miaxloebiT mainc ivan veliaminovis moxseneba qarTlsa da kax-
davadginoT sabatono glexebze Sewerili ga- eTSi Seqmnil viTarebas asaxavda, Tumca igive
dasaxadebis nusxa da maTi xasiaTi. dgindeba, xdeboda imereTSi, guriaSi, samegrelosa da
rom sabatono glexebi gadasaxads ixdidnen: afxazeTSi. dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdgo-
SromiT,, naturiTa da fuliT
SromiT fuliT.. umTavres ga- mareobas is amZimebda, rom iq Tavadebisa da
dasaxads naturiT anu sursaTiT gadasaxadi aznaurebis gacilebiT didi raodenoba iyo.
532
vaxtang guruli
Tavadebisa da aznaurebis simravlem imereTsa Tavadis kaci ewveoda, unda gamaspinZlebo-

da guriaSi gamoiwvia is, rom sabatono glexebi da. am kategoriis glexebi Tavads aZlevdnen
Zalze mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. imer- saqorwilo Zroxas, magram ar asrulebdnen
eTsa da guriaSi XIX saukunis 50-iani wlebis SromiT begaras.
miwurulisaTvis sabatono glexis yovel 6 sawereTloSi Catarebul aRwerasTan
komlze 1 mebatone (Tavadi, aznauri) modio- SedarebiT, sabatono glexebis valdebule-
da. maSin, rodesac qarTlsa da kaxeTSi igive baze kidev ufro naTel warmodgenas gva-
tvirTi sabatono glexis 9 komls awva. saba- Zlevs sofel TerjolaSi mcxovrebi sabato-
tono glexebisaTvis dawesebul gadasaxade- no glexebis sagdasaxado nusxa, romelic XIX
bze garkveul warmodgenas iZleva 1828-1843 saukunis 50-iani wlebis mdgomareobas asaxavs.
wlebSi sawereTlos glexebis valdebulebaTa am masalebis mixedviT, sabatono glexis erT-
dadgenis mizniT Catarebuli aRwera. am ma- erTi komli ixdida: 42 Caf Rvinos, 1 cxvars,
salebis mixedviT, gadasaxadebis gadamxdeli 0,5 baTman xorbals, 0,5 baTman Roms, 1 qaTams
glexebi 4 jgufad iyofodnen. da kviraSi 3 dRe 1 uReli xariT muSaobda ba-
1. pirvel jgufSi Semavali glexebi ix- tonis miwaze. imave masalebis mixedviT, meore
didnen: 30 koka Rvinos, 10 kod purs, saSo- komlis gadasaxdi ase gamoiyureboda: 24 Cafi
bao xorcis fasad 2 maneTs, saaRdgomo xor- Rvino, 1 cxvari, 1 maneTi da 3 dRe Sromi-
cis fasad 2 maneTs, 8 qaTams wliurad. garda Ti begara. sofel TerjolaSi mcxovrebi 98
amisa, SedarebiT SeZlebuli glexebi Tavadis komli glexidan 2 komli (2 %) saerTod ar
ojaxSi qorwilis dros mas 1 Zroxas miarT- ixdida araviTar gadasaxads, 3 komli (3 %) ix-
mevdnen, xolo saSobaod _ 9 pursa da 1 qaTams. dida mxolod SromiT begaras, 25 komli (25,6
glexs maspinZloba unda gaewia batonisaTvis. %) _ SromiT, naturiT da fulad gadasaxads,
pirvel jgufSi Semavali glexebi kviraSi 3 68 komli (69,4 %) _ SromiT da naturiT ga-
dRe erTi uReli xariT batonis miwaze muS- dasaxads. Terjolis sabatono glexebis sa-
aobdnen; mive saxis gadasaxadi, fulze rom gadavian-
2. meore jgufSi Semavali glexebi ixdid- gariSoT, weliwadSi 57 maneTsa da 20 kapiks
nen: 20 koka Rvinos, 6 kod purs, 5 qaTams, 1 udrida, anu 98 komlis TiTo sulze 8 maneTsa
maneTs saSobao xorcis fasad, 4 abazs saaRd- da 77 kapiks Seadgenda.
gomo xorcis fasad da 1 Zroxis mesameds ba- sabatono glexebis mdgomareobas peri-
tonis ojaxSi qorwilis dros. garada amisa, odulad Zalze amZimebda ruseT-osmaleTisa
kviraSi 3 dRe meore jgufis glexic 1 uReli da ruseT-iranis omebi. 1854 wels, yirimis
xariT batonis miwaze muSaobda. meore jgu- omis (1853-1856 ww.) dros, quTaisis guberniis
fis glexi, Tu isini mTian adgilebSi cxov- saxelmwifo, sabatono da saeklesio glexebs
robdnen, Tavads uxdidnen 8 kod purs, 1 gamouyvaniaT 32.120 uremi da 176.141 kaci.
maneTs saSobao xorcis fasad, 1 maneTs saa- 1857 wels begaraze 18.411 uremi da 128.063
Rdgomo xorcis fasad da, Cveulebriv, 3 dRe kaci gauyvaniaT.
muSaobdnen memamulis miwaze. gamonakliss mx-
olod martoxela glexebi warmoadgendnen.
3. mesame jgufSi Semavali glexebi ixdid-
nen: 10 koka Rvinos, 4 kod purs, 3 abazs saSo- §3. saeklesio glexebi
bao xorcis fasad, 3 abazs saaRdgomo xorcis saeklesio glexebi raodenobiT saxelm-
fasad da 1 Zroxis meeqvseds batonis ojaxSi wifo da sabatono glexebs Camouvardebod-
qorwilis dros. SromiTi begara am jgufis nen. 1860-1861 wlebis monacemebis mixedviT,
glexebisTvisac 3 dRiT ganisazRvreboda. saqarTveloSi 13.482 komli saeklesio glexi,
mesame jgufis glexebi, Tu isini mTian adg- anu mTeli glexobis 11,2 % iyo aRricxuli.
ilebSi cxovrobdnen, ixdidnen: 5 kod purs, saeklesio glexebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba
2 abazs saSobao xorcisaTvis, 2 abazs saaRd- sabatono glexebTan SedarebiT ukeTesi iyo.
gomo xorcisaTvis. maTi SromiTi begarac 3 miwis simcire am kategoriis glexebSi iseve
dRiT ganisazRvreboda; igrZnoboda, rogorc saxelmwifo da sabato-
4. meoTxe jgufSi Semavali glexebi, àza- no glexebSi. saeklesio glexebis mdgomareo-
tad wodebulni~, wyaros mixedviT, Tavads ga- baze naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis 1825 wlis
dasaxads ar aZlevdnen. Tu glexs Tavadi an monacemebi. am droisaTvis imereTis olqSi
533
(yofil imereTis samefos teritoriaze) sul WognarSi _ 17 komls (59 suli) 159 qceva
553 komli (orive sqesis 2.282 suli) saeklesio miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 9,3 qcevas
glexi cxovrobda. saxnav-saTesi miwebis ra- flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze_ 2,7
odenobis mixedviTY calkeul soflebSi aseTi qceva;
mdgomareoba iyo: samtrediaSi _ 23 komls (96 suli) 624
vakis ubanSi mcxovreb 7 komls (28 suli) qceva miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 30,1
85 qceva miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli qcevas flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze
12,1 qcevas flobda. orive sqesis TiToeul _ 12,1 qceva;
sulze 3 qceva miwa modioda; amaRlebaSi _ 1 komls (5 suli) 60 qceva
Sua qvitirSi _ 7 komls (19 suli) 109 miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 60 qcevas
qceva miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 15,6 flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze_ 15
qcevas flobda. orive sqesis TiToeul sul- qceva;
ze_ 5,7 qceva
qceva; godoganSi _ 23 komls (97 suli) 267 qceva
qvemo qvitirSi _ 5 komls (24 suli) 139 miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 11,6 qce-
qceva miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 27,8 vas flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze_
qcevas flobda. orive sqesis TiToeul sul- 2,7 qceva.
ze_ 5,8 qceva; sul imereTis olqSi aRricxuli 533
dimSi _ 2 komls (8 suli) 60 qceva miwa saeklesio komli (2.282 suli) flobda 6.799
ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 30 qcevas qceva miwas, saSualo sakomlo miwis raodenoba
flobda. orive sqesis TiToeul sulze_ 7,6 udrida 12,3 qcevas, orive sqesis 1 sulze modi-
qceva;;
qceva oda 3 qceva miwa.
simoneTSi _ 39 komls (139 suli) 205 qceva miwis saerTo sakomlo raodenoba yvel-
miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 5,2 qcevas gan erTnairi ar iyo. imereTis olqis 2.282
flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze _1,4 sulidan 64 suli (2,9 %) saSualod 1 qcevamde
qceva; miwas flobda, 1.039 suli (40,9 %)_ 1 qcevidan
ZevrSi _ 14 komls (49 suli) 85 qceva miwa 2 qcevamde, 923 suli (38,7 %) _ 2 qcevidan 5
ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 6 qcevas flob- qcevamde, xolo 256 suli (15,9 %) _ 5 qcevidan
da, orive sqesis TviTeul sulze _ 1,7 qceva; 15 qcevamde.
CxarSi _ 18 komls (75 suli) 205 qceva saeklesio glexebi, iseve, rogorc sax-
miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 11,3 qce- elmwifo da sabatono glexebi, gadasaxads
vas flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze_ SromiT,, naturiT da fuliT ixdidnen. XIX
SromiT
2,7 qceva; saukunis damdegidan ramdenime aTeuli wlis
sazanoSi _ 6 komls (21 suli) 32 qceva ganmavlobaSi umTavresi naturiT gadasaxadi
miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 5,3 qcevas iyo, fuladi gadasaxadi nel-nela ikidebda
flobda. orive sqesis TiToeul sulze _ 1,5 fexs. 1811 wels saqarTvelos mTavarsardali
qceva; aleqsandr tormasovi werda, rom igi daeTa-
alisubanSi _ 38 komls (178 suli) 214 nxma arqiepiskopos varlamis (erisTavis) wi-
qceva miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 5,6 nadadebas, romelic saeklesio glexTa kom-
qcevas flobda. orive sqesis TiToeul sulze lebze Sewerili yvela gadasaxadis erTiani
_1,1 qceva; fuladi gadasaxadiT SecvlaSi mdgomareobda.
gelaTSi _ 15 komls (46 suli) 91 qceva imxanad sagadasaxado sistemis reforma ver
miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 6 qcevas ganxorcielda. meored erTiani fuladi ga-
flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze _ 1,9 dasaxadis SemoReba saqarTvelos egzarqosma
qceva; feofilaqt rusanovma scada 1818 wels, ma-
rionSi _ 10 komls (37 suli) 109 qceva gram arcTu warmatebiT _ fuladi gadasaxadi
miwa ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 10,9 qce- sayovelTao ver gaxda. es sakiTxi sabolood
vas flobda, orive sqesis TiToeul sulze_ XIX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi gadaiWra.
2,9 qceva;
§4. saeklesio miwebis saxelmwifo uwyebisaTvis
noRaSi _ 3 komls (10 suli) 53 qceva miwa
ekuTvnoda, saSualod 1 komli 17,6 qcevas gadacema
flobda, orive sqesis TviTeul sulze _ 5,3 ruseTis saimperatoro kari amierkavkasi-
qceva; is (samxreT kavkasiis) administraciuli mmarT-
534
vaxtang guruli
velobis reformis procesSi (XIX saukunis 30- suxismgeblobas iRebda Tavis Tavze. pirvel
4-iani wlebi) saqarTveloSi arsebuli saekle- rigSi, dgeboda sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
sio miwebis saxelmwifo uwyebaSi gadacemasac mogebas naxavda mTavroba saeklesio miwebi-
gegmavda. 1837 wels ruseTis eklesiis mmarT- sagan, gasavali xom ar gadaaWarbebda Semo-
vel sinodSi saqarTvelos saeklesio miwebis savals? garda amisa, cxadi iyo, rom mTavro-
saxelmwifo uwyebisadmi gadacemis sakiTxi bas mouxdeboda uamravi saCivris ganxilva,
daisva. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefali- romliTac samRvdeloeba, saeklesio aznau-
is gauqmebis Semdeg (1811-1814 ww.) ruseTis rebi da glexebi mimarTvadnen.
eklesiis uwmindesma sinodma daiwyo mcxeTis kavkasiis komiteti mTlianad iziarebda
sapatriarqosa da lixTimereTisa da afxazTa sinodis Sexedulebas. 1843 wels komitet-
sapatriarqos uZrav-moZravi qonebis aRwera. ma saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis gadace-
moiZies yvela sabuTi, romelic saeklesio mis proceduris dawyeba moiTxova. kavkasiis
qonebis, pirvel rigSi, miwisa da saeklesio komitetma TxovniT mimarTa kavkasiis mTa-
glexebis, flobas adasturebda. moZiebuli varsardal aleqsandr neidgardts (1842-1844),
sabuTebis Seswavla-SemowmebisaTvis sinodma raTa am ukanasknels Tavisi azri gamoeTqva
Seqmna specialuri komisia, romelSic saqarT- sakiTxze: ra ufro mizanSewonili iyo, saekle-
velos istoriis mcodne pirebi Seiyvanes. sio miwebis saeklesio uwyebis gamgeblobaSi
monastrebisa da eklesiebis mflob- datoveba, Tu xazinisaTvis gadacema? es is pe-
elobaSi arsebuli mamulebis marTva Zalian riodia, rodesac samxreT kavkasiis, kerZod,
gaZnelda. pirvel rigSi, ruseTis xelisufle- saqarTvelos administraciuli mmarTvelobis
bam mkacri kontroli daawesa mouravebis reforma tardeboda, rac uamravi problemis
saqmianobaze, romlebsac saeklesio glexebi- gadaWrasTan aRmoCnda dakavSirebuli. amitom
sagan gadasaxadebis akrefa evalebodaT. iyo, rom aleqsandr neidgardtma, miuxedavad
mouravebis saqmianobaze kontroli daevala imisa, rom saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis ga-
sasuliero pirebs. es imdenad rTuli da dacemas uWerda mxars, kavkasiis komitets ur-
Sromatevadi saqme aRmoCnda, rom mRvdlebs Cia, droebiT Tavi Seekavebina am nabijisagan
msaxurebaSi eSlebodaT xeli. mouravebis da administraciuli mmarTvelobis reformis
saqmianobaze kontroli gansakuTrebiT rTu- dasrulebas dalodeboda.
li aRmoCnda imereTsa da samegreloSi. 1818 saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis gadace-
wlisaTvis ZiriTadad dasrulda saqarTvelo- mis sakiTxi meored mixail voroncovis ((1844-
1844-
Si saeklesio mmarTvelobis sistemis Camoya- 1854) kavkasiis mefisnacvlad daniSvnis Sem-
libeba, Tumca imTaviTve cxadi iyo, rom es deg daisva. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT azri
sistema gaumjobesebas saWiroebda. pirvel gamoTqva saqarTvelos egzarqosma isidor
rigSi, aucilebeli iyo sasuliero saswavle- nikolskim (1844-1858). man saero xelisufle-
blebisa da seminariebis gaxsna, dro-Jamisagan bas acnoba, rom sasuliero xelisufleba
dazianebuli monastrebisa da eklesiebis aR- saeklesio miwebis saxelmwifo uwyebisaTvis
dgena, saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleobaSi gadacemis winaaRmdegi ar iyo. amasTan erTad,
marTlmadidebluri rwmenis ganmtkiceba. ru- egzarqosi aRniSnavda, rom saeklesio mamule-
seTis eklesiis sinodi miiCnevda, rom saekle- bidan Savi da TeTri samRvdeloeba Semosavals
sio mmarTvelobis gaumjobeseba da zemoT iRebda. egzarqosis azriT, aucilebeli iyo
aRniSnuli sakiTxebis mogvareba daiwyebo- samRvdeloebisaTvis xazinidan dakarguli Se-
da mas Semdeg, rac saqarTveloSi arsebuli mosavlis tolfasi jamagiris gacema.
saeklesio mamulebi xazinas gadaecemoda. amas- saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis gadace-
Tan erTad, sinodi miiCnevda, rom saeklesio masTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxis Ses-
miwebis xazinisaTvis gadacemas SeiZleboda wavlis mizniT Seiqmna sagangebo komisia
seriozuli garTulebebi mohyoloda: Savi da fadeevis, umanecis
umanecis,, da saqarTvelo-imereTis
TeTri samRvdeloeba, saeklesio aznaurebi da sinodaluri kantoris deputatis Semad-
glexebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi dadgenil genlobiT. komisiam 1838 wlis kameraluri
sakuTrebis formis Secvlas winaaRmdegobas aRweris masalebze dayrdnobiT daadgina:
gauwevdnen. gasaTvaliswinebeli iyo isic, rom saeklesio miwebze cxovrobda 5.062 komli
ruseTis imperiis mTavroba saeklesio miwebis saeklesio glexi da 6.114 saxelmwifo da sa-
saxelmwifo uwyebisaTvis gadacemiT did pa- batono glexTa komli. saxazino da sabatono
535
glexebisagan miwiT sargeblobisaTvis 1847 51 kapiks (Tanxa gamoTvlili iyo 1851 wlis
wels saeklesio uwyebam 66.000 maneTi miiRo. biujetis mixedviT). Tu saxelmwifo saxazino
garda miwiT sargeblobisaTvis miRebuli ga- uwyebaSi gadasuli saeklesio mamulis Semo-
dasaxadisa, saeklesio uwyeba flobda 97.000 savali gaizrdeboda, saeklesio uwyeba am Se-
maneTis kapitals. 1843 wels saeklesio uw- mosavlis nawils miiRebda;
yebis SenaxvisaTvis 51.000 maneTi daixarja, 2. Tu saeklesio mamulis mflobels mam-
maSin, rodesac saeklesio miwebis xazinisaT- ulis saxelmwifo uwyebisaTvis gadacemamde
vis gadacemis Semdeg mTavrobas saeklesio saeklesio, sabatono da saxelmwifo glexebi-
uwyebis SenaxvisaTvis 156.000 maneTi unda gae- sagan wina wlebis gadasaxadi miRebuli ar
Ro. miuxedavad mosalodneli didi xarjisa, hqonda, am gadasaxads saxelmwifo uwyeba
mixail voroncovi mainc aCqarebda saeklesio amoiRebda da gadascemda saqarTvelo-imere-
miwebis xazinisaTvis gadacemis process. amiT Tis sinodalur kantoras;
isargebla saqarTvelos egzarqosma da cdi- 3. saeklesio uwyebis gankargulebaSi rCe-
lobda, rac SeiZleba, meti daTmoba mieRo xe- boda im mamulebis Semosavali, romelTa kuT-
lisuflebisagan. male gairkva, rom saeklesio vnileba sadao iyo da amis Taobaze sasamarT-
miwebis xazinisaTvis gadacema mraval gauT- los ganCineba jerjerobiT ar arsebobda;
valiswinebel problemas warmoSobda. saqarT- 4. saeklesio uwyebis mflobelobaSi rCe-
velos egzarqosma am problemebis Sesaxeb ac- boda uwyebaSi momsaxure sasuliero pirTa
noba mefisnacvals. ruseTis eklesiis sinodi saxlebi.
Tvlida, saeklesio miwebis saxazino uwyebaSi saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis gadacemas
gadasvlis Semdeg saeparqio saxlebis, mon- xelmZRvanelobda mixail voroncovis mier
astrebisa da eklesiebisaTvis daetovebinaT daniSnuli sagangebo komisia, romelsac sax-
maT mflobelobaSi adre arsebuli baRebi, elmwifo mrCeveli znaCko-iarovski xelmZR-
venaxebi, Tevzis sarewebi, Tbilisis gogir- vanelobda. komisiis movaleobas Seadgenda: 1.
dis abanoebi, saidanac miRebuli Semosavali saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantori-
saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kanto- sagan unda gadaebarebina saeklesio miwebTan
ris angariSze unda Caricxuliyo. miRebuli dakavSirebuli yvela gadauWreli saqme; 2.
Tanxidan sinodaluri kantora mxolod mcire saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis gadacemamde
nawils gamoyofda saeklesio xelisuflebis unda Seemowmebina yvela dokumenti, romelic
Sesanaxad, didi nawili ki Sav da TeTr sam- ki miwis pirvandeli mflobelis dadgenisaT-
Rvdeloebas moxmardeboda. saqarTvelos eg- vis iyo aucilebeli; 3. unda moegvarebina
zarqosi sinodis winaSe Suamdgomlobda, rom yofili saeklesio mamulebis marTvisa da ax-
saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis gadacemis ali gadasaxadebis akrefis saqme; 4. gaerkvia
procesis paralelurad dawyebuliyo saqarT- sakiTxi, SeiZleboda Tu ara saeklesio mam-
velos saeklesio mmarTvelobis gardaqmna. ulebis Zveli mmarTvelebis Secvla yofili
xangrZlivi ganxilvis Semdeg 1852 wlis 5 saeklesio glexebidan SerCeuli saimedo ada-
noembers miRebuli iqna kanoni saqarTvelos mianebiT.
saeklesio mamulebis xazinisaTvis gadacemis saeklesio miwebis saxazino uwyebaSi
Sesaxeb. gadacema Semdegi moTxovnebis dacviT gadaricxva, rac 1853 wels daiwyo, daCqareb-
unda ganxorcielebuliyo: uli tempiT mimdinareobda. procesi swrafad
1. saeklesio mamulebs saxelmwifo uwye- dasrulda iq, sadac saeklesio mamulebis saz-
bas gadascemda mamulis mmarTveli. yoveli Rvrebi zustad iyo dadgenili. garTulda da
mamulis gadacemis safuZveli unda yofiliyo gaWianurda iq, sadac saeklesio mamuli zus-
bolo kameraluri aRweris monacemebi, nasy- tad ar iyo gamijnuli saxazino an sabatono
idobis an boZebis sigel-gujrebi da saer- miwebisagan. sazRvrebis dadgenisas daeyrdnen
Tod, mamulis mflobelobasTan dakavSire- bolo kameraluri aRweris monacemebs, magram
buli yvela dokumenti, romelic ki saqarT- gairkva, rom saeklesio glexi cxovrobda da
velo-imereTis sinodalur kantoras gaaCnda. miwas flobda erT konkretul adgilas, ma-
saboloo gadawyvetilebas iRebda adgilo- gram miwas flobda sxvaganac, romlis namd-
brivi sasamarTlo. saeklesio miwis xazinisaT- vili mflobelis dadgena ver xerxdeboda.
vis gadacemis Semdeg saxelmwifo biujetidan sakiTxis droulad gadawyvetis mizniT didi
saeklesio uwyeba miiRebda 72.053 maneTsa da muSaoba gaswia saxelmwifo mrCevel fadee-
536
vaxtang guruli
vis TavmjdomareobiT moqmedma sagangebo niis administracias daeqvemdebarnen. kanonis

komisiam. fadeevma piradad Semoiara saekle- amoqmedebis Semdeg sasamarTloebSi Sewyda
sio mamulebis nawili, magram bevri mamulis saeklesio da saxazino uwyebebs Soris miwis
sazRvrebis dadgena mainc SeuZlebeli gaxda. Taobaze warmoebuli davebi. amave dros sa-
1854 wels mixail voroncovis brZanebiT samarTlo davebi ar Sewyvetila da momaval-
saxelmwifo uwyebisaTvis gadacemuli saekle- Sic SeiZleboda dawyebuliyo im miwebis Ses-
sio miwebis marTva saxelmwifo qonebis eqs- axeb, romlebic 1852 wlis 5 noembrisa da 1869
pedicias daevala, xolo uSualod pasux- wlis 13 noembris kanonebis miRebis Semdegac
ismgebel pirad eqspediciis sameurneo ganyo- kvlav rCeboda saeparqio saxlebisa da zogi-
filebis ufrosi dainiSna. yofili saeklesio erTi monastris mflobelobaSi. 1869 wlis 13
mamulebis marTvisaTvis saqarTvelos mTeli noembris kanoniT, samRvdeloeba yovelwliu-
teritoria 3 okrugad gaiyo, yovel okrugs rad kompensaciis saxiT saxelmwifo xazinidan
saTaveSi mmarTveli edga. okrugebis mmarTv- miiRebda 76.000 maneTs.
elobebi oficialurad muSaobas 1855 wlis 1 saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis gadacemi-
ianvridan Seudgnen. samive okrugis muSaobas dan 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi am miwebis marTvisa
xelmZRvanelobda Tavmjdomare. am Tanamde- da movla-patronobisaTvis xazinam 1.210.406
bobaze 1854 wlis 29 noembers dainiSna sa- maneTi gaiRo, xolo Semosavalma 1.152.190
gangebod SerCeuli moxele avTandilaSvili
avTandilaSvili,, maneTs miaRwia. amasTan erTad, saxelmwifo
romelsac eqvemdebareboda magidis ufrosi xazinam ver moaxerxa 145.328 maneTis odeno-
gorbunovi.. okrugebis mmarTvelebad dainiS-
gorbunovi biT gadasaxadebis amoReba. sabolood xazinam
nen: olxovski
olxovski,, abazovi da xolini
xolini.. 558.216 maneTis zarali naxa. es ki imas niS-
1852 wlis 5 noembris kanonis amoqmede- navda, rom saeklesio miwebis xazinisaTvis
bidan male cxadi gaxda, rom igi srulyo- gadacemiT mogebuli samRvdeloeba darCa,
fas saWiroebda. kavkasiis mefisnacvalma romelsac yovelwliurad xazina 76.000 maneTs
didma mTavarma mixailma 1869 wels kavka- uxdida. garkveuli periodis Semdeg xazinam
siis komitets kanonSi Sesatani cvlilebebis yofili saeklesio miwebis marTva gaaumjobe-
proeqti warudgina, imave wlis 13 noembers sa da mogebac miiRo.
aleqsandre II-m proeqti daamtkica. 1869 1852 wlis 5 noembris da 1869 wlis 13
wlis 13 noembris kanonis ZaliT, dasaxle- noembris kanonebis ZaliT, saeklesio uwyebi-
buli Tu dausaxlebeli yofili saeklesio sagan xazinam miiRo: 8.487 saeklesio glexis
miwebi mTlianad da sabolood gadavida xa- komli, romlebic saxelmwifo glexebis kat-
zinis mflobelobaSi da saxelmwifo qonebis egoriaSi Cairicxnen; 136.000 desetina tye
statusi SeiZina. saeklesio glexebma saxelm- Tbilisis guberniaSi; 1.175 mcire zomis nakve-
wifo glexis statusi miiRes da maT am sta- Ti, romelzec gaSenebuli iyo venaxebi, baRe-
tusis Sesabamisi miwac gamoeyoT. amieridan bi an muSaobda wisqvilebi; 500 miwis nakveTi
yofili saeklesio glexebi uSualod guber- TbilisSi, romelzedac idga sacxovrebeli
saxlebi an sxva nagebobebi.
537
Tavi XXIX. yirimis omi da saqarTvelo (1853-1856 ww.)
yirimis omma (1853-1856 ww.), romelic zacia gamoacxada. imavdroulad, stambol-

istoriaSi aRmosavleTis omis saxeliTa- Si osmaleTis sulTanze gavlenis moxdenis
caa Sesuli, mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina mizniT general-adiutant aleqsandr menSiko-
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebze. omis Sedegad vis xelmZRvanelobiT diplomatiuri misia
Camoyalibda axali politikuri sistema ev- gaigzavna. nikolai I-ma diplomatiuri misiis
ropaSi, omma gavlena iqonia balkaneTisa da xelmZRvanels daavala sulTnisaTvis ultima-
samxreT kavkasiis xalxebis cxovrebaze. yiri- tumis formiT moeTxova Semdegi: 1. osmale-
mis omSi monawileobdnen: ruseTi, osmaleTi, Tis teritoriaze arsebuli marTlmadidebe-
inglisi, safrangeTi da sardiniis samefo.
samefo. omis li taZrebisaTvis privilegiis boZebis Sesaxeb
iniciatori iyo ruseTis imperia. nikolai I-s firmanis gamoqveyneba; 2. osmaleTis terito-
(1825-1855) realurad eCveneboda, rom ruseTs riaze mcxovrebi marTlmadidebeli xalxebis
SeeZlo osmaleTis damarcxeba da misi teri- uflebis cnoba; 3. osmaleTis teritoriaze
toriis yvelaze strategiulad mniSvnelovani arsebuli marTlmadidebluri taZrebisa da
adgilebis xelSi Cagdeba. ruseTis saimpera- marTlmadidebeli xalxebis mfarvelad ruse-
toro kars osmaleTis teritoriis gadan- Tis imperiis cnoba. garda amisa, aleqsandr
awilebis imdenad didi miswrafeba hqonda, menSikovs sulTnisaTvis safrangeTis winaaR-
rom gaTvaliswinebuli ar iqna umniSvnelova- mdeg mimarTuli ruseT-osmaleTis xelSek-
nesi faqtori: evropa (inglisi, safrangeTi) rulebis dadeba unda SeeTavazebina. ruseTis
ar dauSvebda osmaleTis teritoriis mita- diplomatiuri misiis stambolSi gamgzavrebis
cebis xarjze ruseTis imperiis gaZlierebas paralelurad sulTnis karze aqtiuri anti-
da ruseTis mosalodnel damkvidrebas maxlo- rusuli saqmianoba gaaCaRes safrangeTisa da
bel aRmosavleTSi. am regionSi gabatonebi- inglisis elCebma. ruseTis diplomatiurma
saTvis konfliqti did saxelmwifoebs Soris misiam stambolSi warmatebas ver miaRwia da
XX saukunis 40-iani wlebis miwurulidan da 1853 wlis 2 ivniss aleqsandr menSikovma pro-
50-iani wlebis damdegidan gaZlierda. gamw- testis niSnad stamboli datova. 1853 wlis
vavda urTierToba, erTi mxriv, ruseTsa da ivlisSi ruseTis jarebi general mixail gor-
osmaleTs Soris da, meore mxriv, ruseTsa da Cakovis sardlobiT dunaispireTSi SeiWra da
inglis-safrangeTs Soris. ruseTis winaaR- qalaqi buqaresti daikava. osmaleTis mraval-
mdeg inglis-safrangeTis kavSiri 1849-1850 ricxovani jari (130.000 mebrZoli) balkaneTis
wlebSi yalibdeboda, Tumca igi formalurad naxevarkunZulze sxvadasxva cixesimagresa da
ukve yirimis omis mimdinareobis dros, 1854 strategiul punqtebSi iyo gamagrebuli. ru-
wlis martSi gaformda. ruseTis saimperato- seTis armiis mier dunaispireTis dakavebis
ro karisa da piradad nikolai I-is sabediswe- Semdeg, 1853 wlis agvistoSi, inglisma, saf-
ro Secdomas warmoadgenda is, rom obieqtu- rangeTma, avstriam da prusiam erTobliv
rad ver Seafases inglisisa da safrangeTis demarSs mimarTes, rac venis notis saxeliT
mosalodneli pozicia ruseT-osmaleTis mo- aris cnobili. notis Sinaarsis mixedviT Tu
maval omSi. amitom iyo, rom osmaleTis wi- vimsjelebT, evropis qveynebi osmaleTs ru-
naaRmdeg 1853 wels dawyebuli omi 1854 wels seTTan mSvidobiani urTierTobis SenarCune-
koaliciasTan (osmaleTi, safrangeTi, ing- bas urCevdnen da ruseTTan dadebuli yvela
lisi, sardiniis samefo) omSi gadaizarda da xelSekrulebis dacvisaken mouwodebdnen.
ruseTisaTvis samarcxvino marcxiT dasrul- sinamdvileSi, inglisis elCi stambolSi
da. 1853 wels maxlobel aRmosavleTSi ganvi- yvelafers akeTebda imisaTvis, rom osmale-
Tarebulma konfliqtma kulminacias miaRwia. Tis sulTans venis nota ar mieRo. osmaleTma
manamde ki, 1852 wlis meore naxevarSi, safr- venis nota uaryo, xolo 1853 wlis oqtomb-
angeTis samxedro xomaldi bosforis sruteSi erSi ruseTs dunaispireTidan jaris gayvana
Sevida da Ruza sulTnis sasaxlis mopirda- mosTxova. 1853 wlis 4 oqtombers osmaleTis
pire mxares CauSva. nikolai I-ma es ruseTis sulTanma abdul mejidma oficialurad gamo-
imperatoris uflebis Selaxvad miiCnia da acxada, rom osmaleTi ruseTTan saomar md-
ruseTis samxreT sazRvrebTan ganlagebuli gomareobaSi Tvlida Tavs. amis sapasuxod 20
me-5 saarmio korpusis nawilobrivi mobili- oqtombers ruseTis imperatorma nikolai I-ma
538
vaxtang guruli
omi gamoucxada osmaleTs. winaSe kapitulacias ar apirebda. cxadia, 1834

yirimis omi daiwyo sam frontze: balka- wlidan ruseTis winaaRmdeg Crdilo kavkasiis
neTis naxevarkunZulze, Sav zRvasa da samxreT xalxTa ZalebiT mebrZoli Samili Seecdeboda
kavkasiaSi, kerZod, saqarTveloSi. 1853 wlis Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina ruseT-osma-
Semodgomaze balkaneTSi calkeuli simagris leTis omi. yovelive amas kavkasiis korpusis
dasakaveblad xanmokle brZolebi mimdin- StabSic xvdebodnen da Sesabamis RonisZiebeb-
areobda, romelTac seriozuli warmateba arc sac atarebdnen. ufro zustad, Samilis jar-
erTi mxarisaTvis ar moutania, samagierod, ebisagan kaxeTis dacvisaTvis yirimis omamde
aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedebebi warmoebda gacilebiT adre iqna miRebuli zomebi. jer
Sav zRvaze. ruseTis samxedro flotma vice- kidev 1830 wels samxreT kavkasiis, pirvel
admiralebis vladimir kornilovisa da pavel rigSi, kaxeTis, dacvis mizniT rusebma Seqmnes
naximovis sardlobiT seriozuli dartyma Лезгинская кордонная
lekeTis kordonis xazi ((Лезгинская
miayena osmaleTis flots. pavel naximovma линия). 180 versis sigrZis lekeTis xazi, ro-
gadawyvita Tavs dasxmoda mowinaaRmdegis sax- melic Tbilisis guberniis TuS-fSav-xevsure-
edro flotis bazirebis adgils da erTbaSad
gaenadgurebina igi. male vice-admiralma mi-
iRo cnoba, rom osmaleTis samxedro flotis
ZiriTadi Zalebi sinopis yureSi idga. 1853
wlis 18 noembers ruseTis samxedro flotma
kontr-admiral pavel naximovis sardlobiT
mTlianad gaanadgura osmaleTis samxedro
floti da sinopis sazRvao simagres didi
ziani miayena.
***
yirimis omis dawyebamde ruseTis samx-
edro saministrosa da mTavar StabSi, iseve,
rogorc kavkasiis korpusis StabSi, eWvi ar
eparebodaT, rom xelsayrel samxedro-poli-
tikur viTarebaSi osmaleTi samxreT kavka-
siaSi wina omebSi gancdili marcxisaTvis
revanSis aRebas Seecdeboda. TiTqmis yvela
Tanxmdeboda imas, rom saqarTvelos terito-
riaze osmaleTi qveiTi jariTa da kavaleriiT
ori mimarTulebiT ganaviTarebda Setevas: 1.
anatoliidan axalcixis gavliT mtkvris xeo-
biT Tbilisze
Tbilisze;; 2. anatoliidan aWariT guria-
nikolai I
imereTis gavliT _ quTaisze
quTaisze.. omis dawyebamde
aravin icoda, rom inglisi da safrangeTi Tis okrugidan iwyeboda da Semaxiis guber-
osmaleTis mokavSireni gaxdebodnen da omSi niis nuxis mazramde grZeldeboda, marcxena
Caebmebodnen, Sav zRvaze maTi floti gaba- da marjvena flangebad iyofoda. marcxena
tondeboda. zRvaze inglis-safrangeT-osma- flangze mTavari simagreebi iyo: yaraTuba-
leTis flotis gabatonebam saqarTvelos sana- ni, sacxene, yvareli, sabue da naTlismcemeli
naTlismcemeli,,
piroze osmalTa jarebis desantis gadmosx- marjvena flangze _ belaqani da zaqaTala
zaqaTala..
misa da samegrelo-imereTis gavliT quTaisze 1850 wels lekeTis xazis marcxena flangis
Setevis safrTxe warmoSva. saqarTvelos sxva ufrosad dainiSna polkovniki levan meliqiS-
mxrivac emuqreboda gansacdeli. XIX saukunis vili.. lekeTis xazis gamagrebas, romlis saer-
vili
40-ian wlebsa da 50-iani wlebis damdegs ru- To sigrZe 110 versi iyo, saTanado yuradReba
seTi cdilobda, radac ar unda dasjdomoda, arasdros eqceoda. xazis mSeneblobis pro-
imami Samili daemarcxebina da Crdilo kavka- eqtis ganxorcielebas 1850 wlidan lekeTis
siis dapyroba daesrulebina. Samili ukanask- xazis marcxena flangis ufrosi polkovniki
nel Zalebs ikrebda da uzarmazari imperiis
539
levan meliqiSvili xelmZRvanelobda, Tumca dazvervis qseli gaaCnda, romlis saSuale-

seriozuli samuSao wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar biTac man kargad icoda, rom lekeTis xazze
Sesrulebula. amis mizezi saTanado saxsrebis ganlagebuli isedac mcire raodenobis jari
uqonloba iyo. calkeul simagreSi iyo gafantuli. amitom ar
epareboda mas eWvi sakuTar gamarjvebaSi. War-
belaqnis mosaxleobis ruseTis winaaRmdeg
§1. Samilis jarebis SemoWra War-belaqanSi ajanyebis Semdeg igi yofil iranul saxanoe-
yirimis omis dawyebamde (1853 wlis agvisto-se- bSi gadasvlas da iqauri mosaxleobis mimxro-
qtemberi) bas apirebda. 1853 wlis 10 agvistos Samili
aul dargo
dargo-vedenodan
vedenodan lekeTis xazis marjvena
imami Samili, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
flangisaken daiZra. gzadagza mis jars axa-
Seecdeboda Tavisi miznebisaTvis gamoeyene-
li razmebi uerTdeboda, sul male Samilis
bina ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris dawyebuli
daqvemdebarebaSi 15.000 mebrZoli aRmoCnda.
omi. cxadia, Samili informirebuli ar iqne-
am droisaTvis rusebis agentura Zalze cu-
boda im diplomatiuri brZolis Sesaxeb, ro-
dad muSaobda, ris gamoc grigol orbeli-
melic 1852-1853 wlebSi evropaSi aRmosavle-
anma Samilis gamolaSqrebis ambavi ramdenime
Tis sakiTxis gadasaWrelad mimdinareobda,
dRis Semdeg Seityo. generalma 14 agvistos
magram imams kargad unda scodnoda, rom
mzveravebi gagzavna da Samilis laSqris moZ-
ruseT-osmaleTis omi kars iyo momdgari
raobis Sesaxeb cnobebis Sekreba daavala. sa-
da es omi samxreT kavkasias, saqarTvelosac
nam mzveravebi dabrundebodnen, Samili didi
moaRwevda. movlenebi ise viTardeboda, rom
jariTa da 4 zarbazniT ukve sofel karatSi
Samili osmaleTis sulTnis mokavSire xdebo-
Sevida da lekeTis xazis marjvena flangze
da. cxadia, Samils aravis winaSe, maT Soris,
TavdasxmisaTvis moemzada.
arc sulTnis winaSe, aranairi valdebulebis
1853 wlis 15 agvistosaTvis lekeTis xaz-
aReba ar surda( da arc auRia), magram Tu
ze general-maior grigol orbelianis daqvem-
samxreT kavkasiaSi ruseTs saqme cudad wau-
debarebaSi Semdegi jarebi iyo: grenaderTa
vidoda, imami amas aucileblad gamoiyenebda.
polkis 2 batalioni, erevnis karabinerTa
jer kidev yirimis omis dawyebamde, 1853 wlis
polkis 1 batalioni, Tbilisis egerTa pol-
agvisto-seqtemberSi, Samilma dazverviTi xa-
kis 3 batalioni, samegrelos egerTa polkis
siaTis brZolebi Caatara da lekeTis xazis
2 batalioni, saqarTvelos meTerTmete da
siZliere mosinja.
meTormete saxazo batalionebi, donis kaza-
1853 wlis 24 ivniss Tbilisis guberni-
kTa 6 aseuli, kavkasiis msrolelTa batalio-
is War-belaqnis okrugisa da lekeTis xazis
nis 1 oceuli, 100 mesangre, qarTuli qveiTi
ufrosma general-maiorma grigol orbeli-
miliciis 4 aseuli, belaqneli moxaliseebis
anma pirveli cnoba miiRo imis Sesaxeb, rom
razmi, siRnaRis mazris moxaliseebis razmi
ramazanis dResaswaulis dasrulebis Semdeg
(325 kaci), kaxeTis moxaliseebis razmi (300
Samili didi ZalebiT lekeTis xazs daesx-
kaci), jars SeiaraRebaze hqonda 12 sxvadasxva
moda Tavs. generalma orbelianma gavrcele-
saxis zarbazani, sul lekeTis xazis marjve-
bul xmebs saTanado yuradReba ar miaqcia,
na flangze ganlagebuli iyo 12 batalioni,
magram TandaTan cxadi xdeboda, rom es xmebi
cxenosanTa 7 aseuli da 12 zarbazani, mil-
usafuZvlo ar iyo. agvistos pirvel naxevar-
icielTa da moxaliseTa razmebi. es jarebi ga-
Si ukve eWvic aRar arsebobda imis Taobaze,
fantuli iyo lekeTis xazis gaswvriv, 180 ver-
rom Samili lekeTis xazis romelime mon-
sis sigrZeze. jaris erTi simagridan meoreSi
akveTs daesxmoda Tavs. sabolood man xazis
gadasrola TavisTavad asustebda pirvel si-
marjvena flangi, War
War-belaqani
belaqani,, arCia, radgan
magres. rusebis dabnevis mizniT Samils See-
CaTvala, ruseTis winaaRmdeg iqauri mcxovre-
Zlo ramdenime razmi sxvadasxva mimarTule-
blebis amxedrebas SeZlebda. Samili arc imas
biT gaegzavna, xolo TviTon erT konkretul
gamoricxavda, rom War-belaqanSi mcxovrebi
adgilze Seetia lekeTis xazisaTvis.
qarTveli muslimebi da iq gvian Casaxlebuli
Samilis Semotevis ZiriTadi mimar-
lekebi mas ar miemxrobodnen. am SemTxvevaSi
Tulebis sabolood dadgenis Semdeg grigol
imami War-belaqnis safuZvlian darbevas da
orbelianma lekeTis xazis marjvena flan-
mosaxleobis Crdilo kavkasiaSi gadasaxle-
gis gaZliereba daiwyo: 1. yvarlidan belaqa-
bas apirebda. Samils kargad organizebuli
540
vaxtang guruli
nSi gadaiyvanes Tbilisis egerTa polkis 1 belianma seriozuli RonisZiebebi gaatara

batalioni 2 samTo zarbazniT; 2. dedofli- nuxis mazris dasacavad.
swyarodan Tbilisis egerTa polkis 1 dargo-vedenodan
dargo vedenodan lekeTis xazisaken Sami-
batalioni zaqaTalaSi gadaisroles; 3. alaz- lis jarebis daZvris Semdgom 2 kviris ganmav-
nis xazze ganlagebuli donis kazakTa polkis lobaSi mniSvnelovani brZolebi ar momxdara.
2 aseuli aseve zaqaTalaSi iqna gadayvanili; lekebis ramdenime mcirericxovanma razm-
4. lekeTis xazis marjvena flangi gaZlierda ma Zarcvis mizniT xazi gadmolaxa da male
zarbaznebiT, maTi gadamtani cxenebiT, Seiqm- ukanve gabrunda. 1853 wlis 24 agvistos saRa-
na yumbarebis maragi. lekeTis xazis marjvena mos 5 saaTze Samilis didi cxenosani razmi
flangis gaZlierebam daasusta alaznis xazi zaqaTalasTan axlos, maRlobze ganlagda. am
da, garkveulwilad marcxena flangic. yva- razmSi imyofebodnen Tavad imami Samili da
relze didoelebis Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi misi Svili: yazi muhamedi da siZe daniel bei
bei,,
mowinaaRmdeges didi upiratesoba eqneboda, aseve rusebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi saxel-
gaWirdeboda lekebis SeCereba alazanze, sa- ganTqmuli Samilis sxva TanamebrZolebi. za-
dac mxolod kazakTa mcirericxovani saguSa-
goebi darCa.
Samilis jarebis War-belaqanSi Sesvlis
SemTxvevaSi didi safrTxe eqmneboda Tbili-
sis guberniis siRnaRisa da Telavis da Semaxi-
is guberniis nuxis mazrebs. amitom aucile-
beli iyo, pirvel rigSi, lekeTis xazis mar-
jvena flangis da, saerTod, mTeli lekeTis
xazis dacva, anu 180 versis sigrZis xazze
TavdacviTi brZolebis warmoeba. gadaude-
beli aRmoCnda xsenebul mazrebSi miliciis
mobilizeba, romelsac daxmareba unda gaewia
regularuli jarisaTvis. pirvel rigSi,
Telavisa da siRnaRis mazrebis milicias unda
daikavebina is TavdacviTi zRudeebi, romle-
bic gadajgufebis procesSi jarebma datoves.
Telavisa da siRnaRis mazrebidan sul mobili-
zebuli iqna 700 milicieli. miliciis razmebs
proviantis erTi kviris maragi gaaCndaT, Sem-
deg milicia proviantiT saxelmwifo xazinas
unda uzrunvelyo. siRanaRis mazris miliciis
250 mebrZoli, maT Soris 50 cxenosani, ala-
znis marjvena napirze ganalages, romelTac grigol orbeliani
male Telavis mazris miliciis 425 mebrZoli
SeuerTda. es Zalebi alazanze lekTa cxeno- qaTalasTan ganlagebul lekTa cxenosan jars
sani jaris SesaCereblad ar kmaroda, amitom TandaTan emateboda axali Zalebi. lekeTis
iyo, rom kavkasiis mefisnacval mixail voron- xazis ufrosma general-maiorma grigol or-
covis brZanebiT cxenosani miliciis razmebi belianma 24-25 agvistos RamiT zaqaTalaSi be-
Seiqmna elizavetopolis mazrasa da borCalos laqnidan da sxva adgilebidan 3,5 batalioni
distanciaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom elizave- gadaiyvana, romelTac SeiaraRebaze gaaCndaT
topolSi cxenosani miliciis gawvevis Sesaxeb 4 samTo da 2 msubuqi zarbazani. Samils RamiT
brZaneba 1853 wlis 29 agvistos miitanes, 1 zaqaTalisaTvis ar Seutevia, rogorc Cans,
seqtembers mazris ufrosis polkovnik Ta- kidev eloda axali Zalebis gamoCenas. 25
vad jambakur-orbelianis meTaurobiT cx- agvistos, naSuadRevis 2 saaTze, Samilis cx-
enosani milicia ukve zaqaTalisaken daiZra. enosani jari zaqaTalis maRlobidan daeSva
borCalos distanciis cxenosanma miliciam da cixis axlos mcxovrebTagan mitovebuli
brZaneba miiRo borCaloSive darCeniliyo da sofeli Zveli zaqaTala daikava. lekeTis xa-
Semdgom brZanebas dalodeboda. grigol or- zis marjvena flangis yvelaze Zlier zaqaTa-
541
lis simagresTan Samilis jarebis Tavmoyra dan mkacri gafrTxilebis miuxedavad, Samilis
general grigol orbelians dauSveblad miaC- jarebi soflebSi ubrZolvelad SeuSves.
nda. amitom iyo, rom man 3,5 batalioniT, ka- War-belaqanSi ruseTis jaris damarcxeba
valeristTa 5 aseuliT da 6 zarbazniT dauy- imas niSnavda, rom lekebi alaznis marjvena
onebliv Seutia Zvel zaqaTalaSi ganlage- napirze gadmovidodnen da kaxeTis soflebis
bul Samilis jars. sofelSi am dros Samilis darbevas Seudgebodnen. amitom iyo, rom
uamravi cxenosani imyofeboda, garSemo mTe- gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda zaqaTa-
bze kidev moCanda cxenosani razmebi. ruseTis lis cixis dacvas. cudad gamagrebuli cixis
jari da qarTuli milicia Zvel zaqaTalaSi dasacavad 3-4 batalioni da zarbaznebi iyo
SeiWara da xelCarTul brZolaSi nabij-nabij saWiro. garda amisa, 1 an 2 batalioni im sof-
miiwevda win. Samili sul axal da axal Zalebs lebSic unda gaegzavnaT, romlebic jer kidev
abamda brZolaSi, soflisaTvis brZola gvian ar mimxrobodnen Samils. uSualod zaqaTalis
saRamomde gagrZelda. 25 agvistos Zveli za- cixis dasacavad gamiznuli 3-4 batalionisa
qaTalisaTvis SetakebaSi rusebma dakarges: da soflebSi gasagzavni 1-2 batalionisa,
Stabis 1 oficeri, 2 ufrosi oficeri, 47 ja- kidev saWiro iyo 2-3 batalioni da kavaleria,
riskaci; daiWra: 2 ufrosi oficeri, 51 jaris- romelic Samilis jarebs zaqaTalis cixesTan
kaci. qarTuli miliciidan daiRupa: Stabis 1 misvlamde unda SebrZoleboda da warumate-
oficeri, 1 ufrosi oficeri da 12 rigiTi blobis SemTxvevaSi cixisaken nel-nela daex-
milicieli; daiWra: 1 ufrosi oficeri da 21 ia. am raodenobis jari ki general orbelians
rigiTi milicieli. msxverpli lekebis mxri- ar hyavda. 1853 wlis 25 agvistosve grigol
dan zustad ver dadginda, cnobilia mxolod orbelianma Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb Setyo-
is, rom maT sofelSi 90 mokluli datoves. bineba gaugzavna kaspiispireTSi ruseTis ja-
1853 wlis 26-27 agvistos Samili kvalav ris meTaurs general-adiutant movses arRu-
zaqaTalis cixis axlos idga, Tumca rusebis Tinski-dolgorukovs.. generali orbeliani
Tinski-dolgorukovs
poziciebisaTvis ar Seutevia. amiT isarge- general arRuTinskis sTxovda daRestanSi,
bla generalma orbelianma da Tavi mouyara Samilis jarebis zurgSi, sabrZolo moqmede-
6 batalions, maT Soris saqarTvelos meTer- bebi daewyo, ris Semdegac es ukanaskneli
Tmete saxazo batalions, romelic zaqaTalis iZulebuli gaxdeboda War-belaqani daetove-
cixeSi sagarnizono samsaxurs eweoda. imav- bina. arRuTinski orbelians ar erwmuna da
droulad, grigol orbelianma nuxis mazris viTarebis sabolood garkvevamde sabrZolo
milicia elisus simagresa da sofel kaxs So- moqmedebebi ar daiwyo. 27 agvistos arRuTin-
ris Caayena. manamde am poziciaze grenaderTa skis erT-erTi soflis mcxovrebma acnoba,
polkis 1 batalioni idga. rom Samili 10.000 cxenosniT WarSi SeiWra.
general-maior grigol orbelianis radgan es cnoba TviTmxilvels ekuTvnoda, 28
swrafi da sazriani moqmedebiT zaqaTalis agvistos generali arRuTinski Samilis cx-
cixe xangrZlivi TavdacvisaTvis moemzada. enosani jaris banakisaken daiZra. am droisaT-
miuxedavad amisa, War-belaqanSi viTareba Sei- vis generlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: qveiTTa
Zleboda ruseTisaTvis metad saxifaTod gan- 5 batalioni, dragunTa 1 divizioni, kazakTa
viTarebuliyo. Samilis SeWram War-belaqnis 2 aseuli, msrolelTa 1 aseuli, mesangreTa
muslim mosaxleobaSi mRelvareba gamoiwvia, razmi, daRestnel cxenosanTa 4 aseuli, mili-
aSkara iyo, rom misi didi nawili Samilis jar- ciis 4 aseuli da 8 samTo zarbazani. gzad am
ebis gamoCenas sixaruliT Sexvda. unda aRin- Zalebs unda mimateboda qveiTTa 2 batalioni,
iSnos, rom rogorc imam Samils, ise general- cxenosani miliciis 4 aseuli, qveiTi miliciis
maior grigol orbelians War-belaqnis mo- 5 aseuli da 4 samTo zarbazani.
saxleobis sruli mxardaWeris imedi hqondaT. general arRuTinskis jarebis brZolaSi
movlenaTa ganviTarebam aCvena, rom oriveni CambiT lekeTis xazis marjvena flangis dacva
cdebodnen. marTalia, ramdenime soflis moda Samilis jarebis mogerieba SesaZlebeli
saxleoba dasjis SiSiTa Tu sxva motiviT Sami- xdeboda, Tumca Samili Tavis ganzraxvaze xe-
lis jars ar SeerTebia, magram soflebis um- lis aRebas ar apirebda. lekTa cxenosani jari
ravlesobam, gansakuTrebiT belaqanis garSe- kvlav Waris maRlobze idga. maRlobisaken
mo mdebare soflebma, uari ganacxades Sami- mimavali gzebi Samilma yvelgan saguldagu-
lis winaaRmdeg brZolaze da, rusebis mxri- lod Caaxergvina. imavdroulad, imamma Waris
542
vaxtang guruli
soflebSi razmebi gagzavna da mosaxleobas mos rusebma mdinare katexi gadalaxes, magram
rusebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mouwoda. Samilis mier maRlobze kargad gamagrebuli
erT-erTi aseTi razmi sofel WarTan rusebis banakis winaSe aRmoCndnen. mowinaaRmdegis
Casafrebas waawyda. CasafrebaSi 2 msubuqi banakis SeteviT dakaveba uimedo iyo. grigol
zarbazaniT 6 aseuli imyofeboda. moulod- orbelianma gadawyvita jari SeeCerebina da
nelad gaxsnilma cecxlma lekebi mZime md- general arRuTinskis dalodeboda. marTa-
gomareobaSi Caagdo, maT ramdenime aTeuli lia, am ukanasknels sakmaod didi jari hyav-
mebrZoli dakarges da saswrafod ukan daix- da, magram Samili kargad sargeblobda geo-
ies. 1853 wlis 30 agvistos daniel bei Zlieri grafiuli mdebareobiT da gzaze rusebs Casa-
cxenosani jariT sofel katexidan gavida da frebebs uwyobda. amitom iyo, rom arc Tu ise
belaqani daikava, lekebma ver aiRes mxolod didi manZilis gavlas arRuTinskim sami dRe
belaqnis simagre. 31 agvistos yazi muhamedi moandoma. jari imdenad daiqanca, rom diu-
zaqaTalisaken daiZra. male daniel beisa da leT-daRis uReltexilis gadalaxvis Semdeg
yazi muhamedis razmebi zaqaTalis garSemo generali iZulebuli gaxda aul yusurSi jari
ganlagdnen, Tumca Setevisagan jer-jerobiT kidev erTi dRiT Seesvenebina, ris Semdegadac
Tavs ikavebdnen. jari gudur
gudur-daRis
daRis uReltexilisaken daiZra.
generalma grigol orbelianma belaq- uReltexilisaken mimaval viwro gzaze mTeli
nis garSemo soflebSi Samilis razmebis mier jaris erTdroulad gaSla arRuTinskim ver
gaSlili agitaciis CaSlis mizniT 1853 wlis gabeda da igi 2 nawilad gayo. jaris pirvel
31 agvistos 4 batalioni da 6 zarbazni da nawilTan erTad generali uReltexilis ga-
mis gankargulebaSi myofi mTeli kavaleria dasalaxavad daiZra, meore nawili ki sagange-
zaqaTalidan belaqnisaken daZra. pirvelive bo brZanebis miRebamde banakad unda mdgari-
Sejaxebis Semdeg daniel beim brZolis veli yo. 1853 wlis 4 seqtembers dilis 4 saaTsa
miatova da tyes Seafara Tavi. belaqanTan da 30 wuTze arRuTinski aul yusuridan da-
gamarjvebis Semdeg generali orbeliani imave iZra da naSuadRevis 2 saaTze ubrZolvelad
dRes saswrafod zaqaTalisaken gaemarTa da miaRwia TovliT dafarul uReltexils. sam-
18 saaTis ganmavlobaSi 70 versi gaiara. 1 se- agierod, gudur-daRis uReltexilidan daS-
qtembers orbelianma Seityo, rom belaqan- veba warmoudgenlad Zneli aRmoCnda. kldeze
Tan damarcxebul daniel beis yazi muhamedi mimavali viwro biliki, aRmarT-daRmarTi Za-
SeuerTda. imave dRes grigol orbeliani ukan lze mouxerxebeli iyo rogorc qveiTebis, ise
gabrunda da yazi muhamedi daamarcxa. dan- cxenosnebis gadaadgilebisaTvis. alag-alag
iel beim alazanze muRanlos fonTan ruse- cxenebisaTvis gza saerTod ar iyo. TiTqmis
Tis safosto sadguri daangria, ris Semdegac SeuZlebeli gaxda zarbaznebis gadatana da
elisuSi dabrunda. proviantiT datvirTuli oTxTvalebisa da
general arRuTinskis jaris moZrao- urmebis tareba. didi tanjva-wamebis Semdeg
bis Sesaxeb grigol orbelians 1853 wlis 30 qveiTTa erTma batalionma da kavaleriam 4
agvistosac ki araviTari cnoba ar hqonia. 3 seqtembers, saRamos 9 saaTze, aul dinds mi-
seqtembers Samilma Tavisi poziciebi dato- aRwia. danarCeni jari dindSi mxolod 4-5 se-
va da belaqnis soflebisaken gaemarTa. imave qtembris RamiT da meore dRes, 5 seqtembers,
dRes grigol orbeliani 5 batalioniTa da 9 mivida. 6 seqtembers diliT arRuTinskis
zarbazniT sofel katexTan dabanakda, raTa Seatyobines, rom Samilis jarebi safrTxes
SamilisaTvis belaqnisaken gaWris saSualeba uqmnidnen zaqaTalas. am cnobis miRebisTanave
moespo. male gairkva, rom Samilma belaqnis generali dindidan zaqaTalisaken daiZra,
dakaveba gadaifiqra, radgan general arRu- raTa grigol orbelianis jarebs SeerTeboda.
Tinskis jaris miaxloeba Seatyobines. 4 se- 7 seqtembers arRuTinski mdinare katexis na-
qtembers gamTeniisas Samilma TavdacvisaT- piras maRlobze Samilis kargad gamagrebul
vis daiwyo mzadeba da xelsayreli poziciis banaks miuaxlovda. am dros man grigol or-
SerCevas Seudga. grigol orbelianma maSinve belianisgan sasixarulo cnoba miiRo: zaqa-
SeniSna, rom Samilma adre mowyobili banaki Talaze warumatebeli ieriSis Semdeg Samili
datova da saswrafod daedevna mas. mowi- arRuTinskisa da orbelianis jarebis gaer-
naaRmdeges orbeliani mdinare katexze dae- Tianebas aRar daeloda da 9 seqtembers War-
wia da zarbaznebidan cecxli gauxsna. saRa- belaqnis okrugis teritoria datova.
543
§2. omis dasawyisi. sabrZolo moqmedebebi saqa- Siri abdi faSa iyo. omis dawyebamde osmalTa
rTveloSi regularul jars araregularuli kavaleri-
is 15.000 mebrZoli SeuerTda. sabolood ki
1. viTareba ruseT-osmaleTis sazRvarze
yarsTan regularuli da araregularuli ja-
samxreT kavkasiaSi da meomar mxareTa Zalebi.
ris 50.000 mebrZolma moiyara Tavi, romelsac
samxreT kavkasiaSi da kerZod, saqarTvelos
65 zarbazani gaaCnda. artaanTan idga 8.000
istoriul teritoriaze, ruseT-osmaleTis
osmalo 14 zarbazniT, baiazeTTan _ 8.000 me-
sazRvari adrianopolis zaviT (1829 w.) dadg-
brZoli 10 zarbazniT, baTumTan _ 10.000 me-
inda: sazRvari iwyeboda mdinare Coloqis
brZoli. osmalTa jaris am raodenobas (76.000
SesarTavidan da wm. nikolozis (SekveTilis)
kaci) emateboda qurTebis, aseve baSibuzuke-
simagridan da miemarTeboda aRmosavleTiT.
bis (osmaluri miliciis) mravalricxovani
sazRvris saerTo sigrZe 530 verss aRwevda.
razmebi.
20 versis manZilze sazRvari mdinare Coloqs
uSualod saomari moqmedebebis dawyebis
aRma asdevda da ZiriTadad guriisa da aWar-
droisaTvis, 1853 wlis oqtombrisaTvis, ru-
is gamyof xazs emTxveoda. unda aRiniSnos,
seT-osmaleTis sazRvarze, mdinare Coloqis
rom guria-aWaris monakveTze sasazRvro xazi
SesarTavidan araratis mTamde, peterburgSi
adrianopolis zaviT zustad dadgenili ar
SemuSavebuli gegmis Tanaxmad, Semdegi Zalebi
yofila, savaraudo sazRvarTan mxolod kaza-
iyo ganlagebuli:
kTa saguSagoebi iyo mowyobili. saqarTvelos
1. Tavdacvis marjvena flangs warmoad-
teritoriaze gamaval ruseT-osmaleTis sa-
genda e.w. `rionis mxare~, romelSic guria,
sazRvro xazze yvelaze mniSvnelovan cixe-si-
samegrelo da imereTi Sedioda. marjvena
magres warmoadgenda axalcixe da axalqalaqi,
flangis dacva mindobili hqonda qveiTi
Savi zRvis sanapiroze_ foTi, redut-kale
jaris 8 batalions da kazakTa 2 aseuls 12
(yulevi) da soxumi. faqtobrivad, formalu-
zarbazniT. mTel am SenaerTs `guriis razmi~
rad iTvleboda safortifikacio nagebobad
ewodeboda. guriis razmis umTavres amoca-
wm. nikolozis (SekveTilis) siamgre, romelic
nas Seadgenda sanapiroze osmalTa desantis
ufro saguSagos warmoadgenda. somxeTis ter-
gadmosxmis aRkveTa. Sida frontze jarebi
itoriaze arsebuli cixe-simagreebidan mniS-
ase iyo ganawilebuli: ozurgeTTan 4 sru-
vnelovani iyo erevnis cixe da giumris (ale-
li batalioni da kidev mexuTe batalionis
qsandropolis) simagre, xolo azerbaijanis
nawili idga, foTSi _ 1 arasruli batalioni,
teritoriaze_ ganjis (elizavetopolis) cixe.
redut-kaleSi _ 0,5 batalioni, maranSi _ 1,5
samxreT kavkasiaSi SemosaWrelad gankuT-
batalioni, quTaisSi _ 0,5 batalioni. sazR-
vnili osmaleTis anatoliis armiis mTavar
varze saguSago samsaxurs eweoda kazakTa 2
dasayrdens yarsis cixe-simagre warmoadgen-
aseuli. guriis razmis meTaurad omis dasawy-
da. osmalTa umniSvnelovanesi Zalebi Tavmoy-
isSi iTvleboda quTaisis samxedro guberna-
rili iyo aseve arzrumis
arzrumis,, baiazeTis
baiazeTis,, artaanis
tori general-maiori aleqsandr gagarini
gagarini;;
(ardaganis) cixe-simagreebSi. SedarebiT sus-
2. Tavdacvis centrSi yarsis mimarTule-
tad iyo gamagrebuli da mcirericxovani gar-
biT dajgufebuli iyo 23,5 batalioni, kaza-
nizoni idga baTumis simagreSi.
kTa 24 aseuli, 60 zarbazani, qarTuli sax-
1853 wlis SemodgomisaTvis kavkasiis kor-
alxo laSqris (miliciis) 8 razmi da ramden-
pusis SemadgenlobaSi iricxeboda: qveiTi ja-
ime aseuli. Tavdacvis centrSi ganlagebuli
ris 127,2 batalioni, mesangreTa 2 batalioni,
es jarebi sam damoukidebel razmad iyofo-
dragunTa 10 eskadroni, kazakTa ramdenime
da: axalcixis (meTauri general-leitenanti
polki, 23 saartilerio batarea, 232 zarba-
ivane andronikaSvili), axalqalaqis (meTauri
zani. osmaleTTan mosalodneli omis SemTx-
general-maiori budbergi), aleqsandropolis
vevaSi jarebis ase mcire raodenoba imitom
(meTauri general-leitenanti vasili bebuTo-
iyo samxreT kavkasiaSi, rom kavkasiis korpu-
vi). aleqsandropolis razmSi 11,5 batalioni,
sis nawili Crdilo kavkasiaSi Samilis winaaR-
kavaleriis 10 eskadroni, kazakTa 9 aseuli
mdeg ibrZoda.
da adgilobrivi (somxuri) miliciis razmi da
ruseTis kavkasiis korpusis winaaRmdeg
kidev miliciis ramdenime aseuli Sedioda;
brZolisaTvis mzad iyo yarsis axlos da-
3. Tavdacvis marcxena flangze, erevanTan
banakebuli osmaleTis qveiTi da cxenosani
ganlagebuli iyo 3,5 batalioni da kazakTa 6
jari (30.000 mebrZoli), romlis sardali mu-
544
vaxtang guruli
aseuli 8 zarbazniT, aseve adgilobrivi (somx- buli jariskacebis col-Svili da movaWreni.

uri) miliciis 14 aseuli. marcxena flangs 1853 wlis dasawyisSi aWaris teritoriidan
meTaurobda general-maiori nazarovi. guriis sazRvrebSi SemoWrili yaCaRTa brboe-
2. osmalebis Tavdasxma wm. nikolozis bis TareSis aRkveTis mizniT, wm. nikolozis
(SekveTilis) simagreze. 1853 wlis 15 oqtomb- simagreSi kapitan SCerbakovis meTaurobiT Se-
ers osmalebi moulodnelad daesxnen Tavs vida Savi zRvis meTormete saxazo batalionis
wm. nikolozis (SekveTilis) simagres. rogorc 2 aseuli (255 oficeri da jariskaci) da ka-
irkveva, Tavdasxma moulodneli ar unda yo- zakTa razmi 2 zarbazniT. simagresTan axlos
filiyo. jer kidev 1853 wlis 6 oqtombers giorgi gurielis meTaurobiT guriis mili-
ruseTis imperiis samxedro ministri general- ciis 2 aseuli dadga. am droisaTvis ukve ar-
leitenanti vasili dolgorukovi kavkasiis sebobda gankarguleba wm. nikolozis simagris
mefisnacval mixail voroncovs werda: `Cvens likvidaciis Sesaxeb. amitom iyo, rom giorgi
gankargulebaSi arsebuli cnobebiT, osmalebi gurielsa da kapitan SCerbakovs nabrZanebi
emzadebian daiwyon saomari moqmedeba ufro hqondaT simagre manam daecvaT, sanam iq ar-
adre amierkavkasiis sazRvrebze, vidre dun- sebul sursaTis marags sxvagan gadaitandnen.
aize da amisaTvis maT baTumSi TiTqos ukve 1853 wlis 11 oqtombers e. i. osmalTa Tav-
Seagroves 30 aTasamde kaci. amis gamo mis im- dasxmamde oTxi dRiT adre, mixail voroncov-
peratorobiT udidebulesobas surs icodes, ma wm. nikolozis garnizonis dasaxmareblad
saxeldobr, ra zomebia miRebuli Tqven mier qveiTTa 1 aseuli da 2 zarbazani gagzavna,
guriis sazRvrisa da masTan erTad Savi zRvis Tumca es sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda.
sanapiros dasacavad~. savsebiT konkretuli 1853 wlis 15 oqtombers, gvian RamiT,
miniSneba, rom osmalebi guriis sazRvrebSi wm. nikolozis simagre osmalTa jaris regu-
SemoiWrebodnen, ugulelyofili iqna. larulma nawilebma zRvidan, xolo baSibu-
wm. nikolozis simagre, anu ufro zus- zukTa brboebma xmeleTidan alyaSi moaqcies.
tad, saguSago da karantini
karantini,, rogorc mas im mcirericxovanma garnizonma mowinaaRmdeges
xanad uwodebdnen, rusebma guriis samTavros seriozuli winaaRmdegoba gauwia. brZola
qveSevrdomobaSi miRebis Semdeg aages. 1810 mimdinareobda 15 oqtombers RamiT da 16 oq-
wels belevskis qveiTi polkis aseuli mdinare tombersac grZeldeboda. garnizonma mTli-
Coloqis marjvena napirze ganlagda da male anad amowura tyvia-wamlisa da zarbaznebis
qviSovan borcvze ramdenime saxli da yazarma yumbarebis maragi. osmalebma simagre dai-
aago. Semdeg borcvi miwayriliT SemozRudes, kaves. cocxali gadarCa mxolod ramdenime
maSindeli wesis mixedviT, simagreSi wm. guruli milicieli, 3 rusi oficeri da 30
nikolozis mcire saydari (eklesia) aages. ase jariskaci. yvela maTgans sxvadasxva simZimis
ewoda SekveTilSi agebul rusul simagres wm. Wriloba hqonda miyenebuli. simagris dacvi-
nikolozis saxeli. simagre dokumentebSi sa- sas Tavi gamoiCina guriis miliciis ufrosma
guSagosa da karantinis saxeliTac ixsenieba. giorgi gurielma.
gurielma. gulis areSi mZimed daW-
SemdegSi belevskis polkis aseuli simagri- rilma giorgi gurielma miliciis meTauroba
dan gawveuli iqna da miwayrilic TandaTan Tavis 16 wlis vaJs ioseb guriels gadaabara.
dadablda. 1831 wels belevskis polkis mier mZime brZolebSi ioseb gurielic daiWra da
agebuli simagre sabaJo saguSagod gadakeTda, ramdenime cocxlad gadarCenilma milicielma
sadac moTavsebuli iyo jarisaTvis gankuT- igi brZolis vels gaarida. erTi cnobiT, os-
vnili sursaTis sawyobic. 1853 wlis oqtom- malebma ieriSis dros daaxloebiT 400 mebr-
brisaTvis wm. nikolozis simagreSi mwyob- Zoli, xolo meore cnobiT, daaxloebiT 300
ridan gamosuli daaxloebiT 50 xisgan nagebi mebrZoli dakarges.
Senoba iyo, maT Soris, siamgris komendantis wm. nikolozis simagris misaSveleblad
sacxovrebeli saxli da ori mcire zomis yaz- ozurgeTidan polkovnik yorRanovis meTau-
arma. wm. nikolozis eklesiis garSemo 7 mcire robiT regularuli jarisa da miliciis
zomis Senoba, maT Soris, sanovagis maRazia razmi gaemarTa. simagridan 2 versis moSore-
iyo ganlagebuli. simagris gareT idga savaW- biT yorRanovi osmalTa did razms (5.000 me-
ro duqani da ramdenime ficruli sacxovre- brZoli) waawyda. gaimarTa brZola. osmalebma
beli saxli. simagreSi, garda jariskacebisa, ukan daixies da axal poziciaze gamagrdnen.
cxovrobdnen eklesiis msaxurni, daojaxe- yorRanovma wm. nikolozis simagrisaken gzis
545
gagrZeleba ver moaxerxa. osmalebma zarba- da qveiTi jari mdinare focxovis marcxena
znebidan Zlieri cecxli gaxsnes da jari da napirze, e.w. àxal qalaqTan~ gamoCnda da cx-
milicia aiZules ozurgeTSi dabrunebuli- enosan milicias Seutia. ZalTa uTanasworo-
yvnen. bis gamo cxenosani miliciis meTaurma Ta-
3.. brZola axalcixisaTvis. 1853 wlis 4 vadma qobuliSvilma jer sofel suflisamde,
noembers TbilisSi miiRes nikolai I-is 1853 xolo Semdeg axalcixemde daixia. yoveldRi-
wlis 20 oqtombris manifesti osmaleTisaT- uri TavdasxmebiT osmalebma imas miaRwies,
vis omis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. am droisaTvis rom axalcixe alyaSi aRmoCnda, kavSiri axal-
osmalebma aleqsandropolisa da axalcixis cixesa da Tbiliss Soris gawyda. axalcixis
dakavebis mizniT daiwyes Seteva. axalcixe razmis meTauri general-maiori kovalevski
gzas uRobavda rogorc baTumidan, ise arta- sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavarda. SeSinebulma
anidan Setevaze gadmosul osmalebs da sab- generalma alyaSemortymuli axalcixidan
olood mowinaaRmdeges saSualebas ar aZlev- TbilisSi macnes gagzavna moaxerxa da Tbili-
da mtkvris xeobiT qarTlSi SemoWriliyo. sis samxedro gubernator general-leitenant
1853 wlis noembris damdegisaTvis axalcixis ivane andronikaSvils daxmareba sTxova. kova-
frontze ruseTis jarebi Semdegnairad iyo levski werda: `30 oqtombers mowinaaRmdegem
ganlagebuli: uSualod axalcixeSi idga 5 ieriSi miitana Cvens kavaleriaze da Cveni
qveiTi batalioni, kazakTa 2 aseuli, qarTve- poziciis marcxena flangze, romelic Zvel
li Tavadebisa da aznaurebisagan Semdgari mi- qalaqs ifaravs. Setakebebis Semdeg Cveni ka-
liciis ori razmi, osuri miliciis ramdenime valeria Semovida qalaqSi... mowinaaRmdegem
aseuli 8 savele zarbazniT; awyurSi _ belos- daikava mTeli Cveni mxare da mbrZaneblobs
tokis polkis 1 batalioni, goris miliciis 1 masSi... mahmadianma mosaxleobam gviRalata.
razmi da osuri miliciis 1 aseuli; borjomSi me ara myavs arc erTi mzveravi, yvelani mowa-
_ brestis polkis 1 batalioni, belostokis naaRmdeges emsaxurebian... yovel wuTs velo-
polkis 2 aseuli, miliciis ramdenime aseu- debi mtris ieriSebs.~ generali kovalevski
li; qviSxeTSi _ brestis polkis 1 batalioni; andronikaSvils dabejiTebiT sTxovda, sas-
suramSi _ brestis polkis 1 aseuli. axalcix- wrafod Casuliyo axalcixeSi da Tavis xel-
is frontis mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobda, Si aeRo rogorc samoqalaqo, ise samxedro
rom igi win unda aRdgomoda mtkvris xeobiT mmarTveloba. rusi generali qarTvel gener-
osmalebis Tbilisisaken gaWras. miuxedavad als afrTxilebda, rom Tu igi axalcixeSi ar
amisa, axalcixis frontze ganlagebuli iyo Cavidoda, `qalaqi 16 aTasi mcxovrebiT mters
mcirericxovani Zalebi da arsebobda imis Cauvardeboda xelSi~. kavkasiis mefisnacvalma
saSiSroeba, rom mowinaaRmdege Tbilisisaken mixail voroncovma sworad Seafasa axalcix-
gaWriliyo. 1853 wlis oqtombris dasawyis- esTan Seqmnili saSiSi viTareba da 1853 wlis
Si osmalo sardali ali faSa Zlieri regu- 5 noembers general ivane andrinikaSvilis ax-
laruli jariTa ( 20.000 mebrZoli) da didi alcixeSi gagzavnis gadawyvetileba miiRo.
raodenobis baSibuzukebiT axalcixes moadga. osmalo sardlebi, cxadia, xvdebodnen,
osmalebma axalcixis bastionis pirdapir mde- rom axalcixes bedis anabarad ar miato-
bare mTaze zarbaznebi ganalages, axalcixis vebdnen da amitom Cqarobdnen qalaqisa da
garSemo daikaves yvela strategiuli adgili sxva mniSvnelovani strategiuli cixeebis
da brZolisaTvis moemzadnen. imavdroulad xelSi Cagdebas. axalcixis bastionis sruli
baSibuzukebi (osmaluri milicia) Tavs esx- blokirebis Semdeg osmalebi mtkvris xeobiT
modnen ruseTis jaris saguSagoebs, Zarcvavd- suramis mimarTulebiT daiZrnen da 1853 wlis
nen soflebs. 1853 wlis oqtombris bolosaT- 6 noembers awyurs moadgnen
moadgnen.. awyuris, suramisa
vis TiTqmis mTeli axalcixis mazra osmalTa da goris dakavebis Semdeg osmalebs Tbili-
kontrolis qveS aRmoCnda. ruseTis jari da sisaken exsnebodaT gza. awyurs arcTu mrav-
qarTuli milicia mxolod axalcixes icavda. alricxovani razmiT polkovniki tolubeevi
1853 wlis 30 oqtombers, jer kidev omis icavda. osmalebma 6 noembersve Seuties
gamocxadebamde, ali faSa e.w. `Zvel axal- rusebs, brZolam mTel Rames gastana. 7 noem-
cixes~ miuaxlovda da ieriSi miitana rusebis bers awyuris damcvelebs general-maior an-
kavaleriaze, magram maleve iZulebuli gaxda drei bruneris meTaurobiT brestis polki da
ukan daexia. 31 oqtombers osmalTa kavaleria qarTuli milicia mieSvela. sastiki brZolis
546
vaxtang guruli
Semdeg osmalebma ukan daixies, ruseTis jarma sofel suflisidan sofel abamde abamde,, rac ru-
da qarTulma miliciam ukandaxeul mowinaaR- seTis jars osmalebis Setevis SemTxvevaSi
mdeges 7 versis manZilze sdies. awyurTan os- metad araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi agdebda
malebma daaxloebiT 100 mebrZoli dakarges. rusebs. 13 noembers Seteva uamindobis gamo
awyurTan osmalTa damarcxebiT mowi- ver daiwyo. 14 noembers, dilis 4 saaTze, ru-
naaRmdegis Tbilisisaken gaWris saSiSroeba ki seTis regularuli jari da qarTuli milicia
moixsna, magram viTareba axalcixesTan kvlav or kolonad dawyobili `Zveli qalaqis~ gas-
daZabuli iyo. ali faSa agrZelebda axalcix- asvlelebisaken daiZra da elviseburi ieriSi
is bastionis mkacr blokadas da sul ufro miitana mowinaaRmdegeze. uaRresad zustad
da ufro aviwroebda alyas. osmalTa regu- gaTvlilma da moulodnelma Setevam, regu-
laruli jari da baSibuzukebi agrZelebdnen laruli jaris oficrebisa da jariskacebis,
ruseTis jaris saguSagoebze Tavdasxmas, qarTuli miliciis Tavganwirvam Sedegi
Tumca ali faSa axalcixis bastionze Setevis gamoiRo: osmalTa bevrad mravalricxovanma
dawyebas ver bedavda. 1853 wlis 11 noembers jarma cxare brZolebis Semdeg ukan daixia da
general-leitenanti ivane andronikaSvili sabolood gaqceviT uSvela Tavs. osmalebma
damxmare jariT awyurSi Cavida da 12 noem- brZolis velze datoves 13 zarbazani (mTe-
bers axalcixisaken daiZra. general androni- li artileria), zarbaznis yumbarebis mTeli
kaSvilis daqvemdebarebaSi am droisaTvis iyo: maragi, 42 kasri Tofiswamali, 160.000 tyvia,
qveiTi jaris 7,5 batalioni 17 zarbazniT, ka- banakSi arsebuli mTeli sursaTi da furaJi.
zakTa 9 aseuli, qarTuli miliciis 2 razmi ali faSa imdenad swrafad gaiqca, rom pira-
da goris TavadTa da aznaurTa 1 cxenosanTa di nivTebisa da kancelariis waRebac ki ver
aseuli. gacilebiT meti Zalebi hyavda axal- moaswro. osmalebma brZolaSi dakarges 1.500
cixis alyaze mdgar ali faSas: 20.000 mebrZo- mebrZoli moklulTa saxiT da 2.000_ daW-
li (maT Soris, 8.000 qveiTi, 3.000 cxenosani) rilTa saxiT, ramdenime aseuli osmalo tyved
13 zarbazniT. arsebobda imis saSiSroeba, rom Cavarda. ruseTis jarsa da qarTul milicias
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ali faSas damxmare moukles 50 oficeri da jariskaci, daiWra _
Zalac mouvidoda. miuxedavad amisa, ivane an- 300. 1853 wlis 10 dekembers TbilisSi sazeimo
dronikaSvilma dauyovnebliv Setevaze gadas- Sexvedra mouwyves general-leitenant ivane
vlis gadawyvetileba miiRo. andronikaSvils. qalaqSi Semosul generals
1853 wlis 12 noembers, RamiT, ivane an- Sexvdnen da gulTbilad miesalmnen: kavkasiis
dronikaSvilma samxedro sabWos sxdoma gamar- mefisnacvali mixail voroncovi da momavali
Ta, romelsac eswrebodnen: general-maiori mefisnacvali general-adiutanti aleqsandr
kovalevski,, general-maiori andrei bruneri
kovalevski bruneri,, bariatinski.
general-maiori arkadi freitagi
freitagi,, polkovniki 1853 wlis 14 noembers axalcixesTan os-
tolubeevi,, polkovniki smelovski
tolubeevi smelovski,, polkovni- malTa jaris ganadgurebis Semdeg mowinaaRm-
ki dreieri
dreieri,, polkovniki cimermani
cimermani,, poruCiki degis mtkvris xeobiT qarTlSi SemoWrisa da
evseevi.. generalma andronikaSvilma samxedro
evseevi Tbilisis dakavebis saSiSroeba moixsna.
sabWos acnoba, rom meore diliT daiwyebo- 4. viTareba guria-aWaris sazRvarze 1853
da Seteva. Tavisi Sexedulebis dawvrilebiT wlis Semodgomidan 1854 wlis gazafxulamde.
dasabuTeba mas arc ucdia: `me swavluli ara axalcixesTan mopovebuli gamarjvebis Semde-
var, vici mxolod is, rom Cven valdebuli gac daZabuli viTareba rCeboda guria-aWaris
varT SevebrZoloT osmalebs da davamarcxoT sazRvris gaswvriv. ruseTis sardlobas hqon-
isini.~ samxedro sxdomis dasasruls ki genda cnobebi aWaraSi osmalTa jarebis (30.000
eralma ganacxada: `xval gavdivarT osmalebis mebrZoli) Tavmoyrisa da sabrZolo saWurv-
winaaRmdeg, qalaqis mcxovrebni dadgnen Tavi- lis maragis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. erTi cnobiT, os-
anT saxlebTan: visac gaaCnia iaraRi, _ iara- malebma aWaraSi 30 zarbazani Seitanes. Seqm-
RiT, visac ara _ margiliT~. nili viTarebis gaanalizebis Semdeg kavkasiis
1853 wlis 13 noembers ivane androni- mefisnacvalma mixail voroncovma perter-
kaSvilma mowinaaRmdegis Zalebi dazvera da burgs acnoba, rom guriaSi osmalTa SemoWris
daadgina: osmalebs metad moxerxebuli da didi safrTxe arsebobda. mefisnacvali wer-
kargad gamagrebuli poziciebi ekavaT mdinare da: axalcixesTan osmalTa ganadgurebis Sem-
focxovis marjvena sanapiroze, maRlobze, deg axalcixis an erevnis mxridan Tbilisze
547
Setevis safrTxe moixsna, magram sagangaSo is razmebiT Tavad CijavaZes unda SeeCerebina;
viTareba Seiqmna guria-aWaris sazRvarze. 3. miliciis 1 aseuls sofel japanis axlos
mixail voroncovi fiqrobda, rom osmalebi mdinare rionze axlad gamarTuli navmisad-
amjerad guria-samegrelo-imereTis gavliT gomi unda daecva; 4. sofeli marani, sadac
Seecdebodnen aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gaW- guriis razmis sabrZolo saWurveli, sursaTi
ras da Samilis jarebTan SeerTebas. mefis- da furaJi inaxeboda, imereTis miliciis 4
nacvali ar gamoricxavda, rom Tu osmalebi aseuls ebara. aleqsandr gagarini aRniSnavda,
afxazeTs daikavebdnen, Crdilo kavkasiidan rom foTis garnizoni ukve gaZlierebuli iyo
afxazeTSi mehmed eminis meTaurobiT Cer- regularuli jaris 500 oficriTa da jaris-
qezTa jari gadmovidoda. quTaisis samxedro kaciT, 500 guruli milicieliT, moelod-
gubernatori general-maiori aleqsandr gaga- nen samegrelodan 300 milicielis mosvlas.
rini 1853 wlis 19 noembers mixail voron- foTis cixis galavanze damatebiT dadges 5
civisaTvis gagzavnil moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda, zarbazani. gagarins foTis garnizoni br-
rom osmalTa gaaqtiureba guria-aWaris saz- Zolisunarianad miaCnda, magram afiqrebda
Rvarze miznad isaxavda afxazeTSi SeWras da redut-kales (yulevis) mdgomareoba. genera-
mehmed eminis jarTan gaerTianebas. kavkasiis li aRniSnavda : marTalia, simagris garnizoni
korpusis sardlobam 1853 wlis noemberSi gu- 600 mebrZols aRemateba, magram maTgan nax-
riaSi axali samxedro SenaerTebi gadaisrola: evari milicielia, rac qmnis imis saSiSroebas,
1. axalcixidan general-maior andrei bruner- rom flotis gareSe simagre ver davicvaTo.
is meTaurobiT guriaSi gadaiyvanes brestis aWaraSi osmaleTis jarebis Tavmoyra grZel-
polkis 2 batalioni 4 zarbazniT; 2. quTaisi- deboda.
dan ozurgeTSi Cavida litvis egerTa polkis 1853 wlis noembris Sua ricxvebisaTvis
6 aseuli 4 zarbazniT da imereTis miliciis aWaraSi idga 30.000 mebrZoli 30 savele zarba-
ramdenime aseuli, xolo mogvianebiT _ lit- zniT, guriaSi ki rusebs regularuli jaris
vis egerTa polkis me-4 batalioni; 3. goridan mxolod 5,5 batalioni hyavdaT,romelsac
guriaSi gaigzavna kavkasiis grenaderTa saar- SeiaraRebaze 10 savele da 3 mZime zarbazani
tilerio brigadis 4 zarbazani. gaaCnda. sazRvarTan mdgari qarTuli mili-
miuxedavad gatarebuli RonisZiebebi- ciis 36 aseuli, cxadia, regularuli jaris
sa, guria-aWaris sazRvarze ZalTa Tanafar- naklebobis kompensirebas ver SeZlebda. 1853
doba kvlav osmalTa sasargeblod rCeboda. wlis 19 noembrisaTvis guria-aWaris sazRvar-
garda amisa, osmaleTis sardlobas saWiroe- ze osmaleTis jari Semdegnairad iyo ganla-
bis SemTxvevaSi samcxidan imereTSi gadmoma- gebuli: 1.sofel qaquTSi idga 2.000 osmalo
vali gziT SeeZlo kidev gaezarda jarebis mebrZoli hasan bei TavdgiriZisa da Serif
raodenoba aWaraSi. amitom iyo, rom mixail beis meTaurobiT; 2. sofel leRvaSi TxriliT
voroncovi da aleqsandr gagarini aucile- garSemortymul banakSi imyofeboda 3.000 os-
blad miiCnevdnen samcxis mxridan guria-imer- malo mebrZoli kaci yei oRlis,
oRlis, hasan bei muti
eTSi osmalTa SemoWris safrTxis Tavidan oRlis da ali bei livanelis meTaurobiT; 3.
acilebis mizniT gadamWreli RonisZiebebis sofel anaseulSi 1.500 osmalo idga osman beis
gatarebas. orivesaTvis cxadi iyo, rom pe- meTaurobiT; 4. Curuq-susTan(qobuleTTan
Curuq-susTan(qobuleTTan))
terburgi Crdilo kavkasiidan saqarTveloSi Tavmoyrili iyo seriozuli samxedro Zala_
regularuli jaris seriozuli kontigentis 7.000 mebrZoli 13 msubuqi da 20 mZime zarba-
gadmosrolas ar dasTanxmdeboda. amitom iyo, zniT. qobuleTTan ganlagebuli osmalTa ko-
rom gagarini voroncovisTvis 1853 wlis 19 rpusis meTaurad iTvleboda TviT seraski-
noembers gagzavnil moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda, ri serim faSa
faSa.. korpusis calkeul SenaerTs
rom guria-aWaris sazRvris dacva adgilo- meTaurobdnen: sardula faSa, haji ahmed faSa,
brivi miliciis ZalebiT ganexorcielebinaT. xazinadar oRli da ramid faSa. 5. wm.nikolozis
quTaisis samxedro gubernatorma konkretu- simagris pirdapir sanapiro batareasTan da
lad aseTi gegma wamoayena: 1. surami_vaxanis limanis gamagrebul banakSi idga 4.000 mebr-
gza Sorapnis mazris miliciis razmebiT Tavad Zoli 5 mZime zarbazniT; 6. TviT wm.nikolozis
abaSiZes unda daecva; 2. zekaris uReltexili simagreSi liva faSas meTaurobiT imyofeboda
da xanis xeobaSi abasTumnidan da axalcixidan 4.000 mebrZoli da baSibuzukebi 4 zarbazniT.
SemoWrili osmalebi quTaisis mazris milici- osmalTa danaarCeni Zalebi 50 zarbazniT ba-
548
vaxtang guruli
TumSi idga, cixisZirSi ganlagebul osmalTa eral-feldmarSal ivan paskeviCis mosazrebis

jars Tan hqonda 15 zarbazani, cixisZiris re- miuxedavad, guriis razmi sxva razmebisagan
idze idga 250 navi da xomaldi da 3 orTqlis sruliad damoukideblad unda darCeniliyo.
ZraviT momuSave fregati, aqeTken moemarTe- xolo aleqsanrdopolis (giumris), erevnis, ax-
boda kidev 14 gemi da samxedro xomaldi. cix- alcixisa da axalqalaqis razmebi, romelTac
isZirTan Tavmoyrili floti foTis, redut- yarsis, artaanisa da baiazeTis mimarTulebiT
kalesa da soxumis dasakaveblad iyo gamiznu- unda SeetiaT, an unda gaerTianebuliyvnen, an
li. mWidro kavSirSi unda emoqmedaT. voronco-
1853 wlis 18 noembers kontr-admiral vis azriT, 1854 wlis sabrZolo moqmedebebi
pavel naximovis meTaurobiT sinopis yureSi mxolod artaanisa da baiazeTis dakavebiT
osmaleTis samxedro flotis ganadgurebam unda Semofargluliyo, radgan ufro farTo-
inglisisa da safrangeTis mTavrobebi aiZula masStabiani saomari kampaniis dagegmva saris-
seriozuli RonisZiebebi gaetarebinaT osma- ko iqneboda. kavkasiis mefisnacvali iTval-
leTis gadasarCenad. osmaleTma dauyovne- iswinebda im garemoebebs, romlebsac SeeZlo
bliv miiRo sesxi 2 milioni funti sterlin- uaryofiTi gavlena moexdina ruseTis jaris
gis odenobiT, xolo 1854 wlis ianvarSi in- sabrZolo moqmedebebze. aseTi garemoebebi
glisisa da safrangeTis samxedro gemebi Sav iyo: 1. iranis damokidebuleba ruseT-osma-
zRvaSi Sevidnen. protestis niSnad ruseTis leTis omTan, kerZod, ruseTis jaris moq-
elCebma parizi da londoni datoves, peter- medebasTan samxreT kavkasiaSi; 2. imam Samilis
burgi datoves inglisisa da safrangeTis el- winamZRolobiT Crdilo kavkasiis mTielTa
Cebmac. 1854 wlis 2 Tebervals nikolai I-ma brZola ruseTis winaaRmdeg; 3.osmaleT-ing-
xeli moawera manifests inglissa da safran- lis-safrangeTis erToblivi moqmedebebi Sav
geTTan politikuri urTierTobis gawyvetis zRvaze; 4. ruseTis jaris Setevis dawyebis
Sesaxeb. imavdroulad, ruseTis diplomatia droisaTvis arsebuli samxedro-politikuri
cdilobda avstriisa da prusiis mimxrobas. viTareba. 1854 wlis sabrZolo moqmedebebis
avstriam, romelsac Tavisi interesebi hqonda gegmasTan erTad, mixail voroncovma ruseTis
balkaneTSi, safrangeTis diplomatiis gavle- samxedro ministrs calke mimarTvac gaugza-
niT omSi neitralitetis SenarCunebaze praq- vna. mimarTvaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom evropis
tikulad uari ganacxada. neitralitetis ga- qveynebTan ganxeTqilebis SemTxvevaSi gegma
mocxadebas ar Cqarobda prusiac. Seqmnil vi- unda Secvliliyo, radgan igi inglissa da
TarebaSi nikolai I-ma gadawyvita, saswrafod safrangeTTan oms ar iTvaliswinebda. mixail
daesrulebina osmaleTis jarebis ganadgure- voroncovi miiCnevda, rom inglisisa da saf-
ba balkaneTsa da samxreT kavkasiaSi. 1854 wlis rangeTis Zlieri samxedri flotis ruseTis
martSi balkaneTis armia Setevaze gadavida winaaRmddeg omSi Cabma saqarTvelos Savi
da mdinare dunais marjvena napirze mdebare zRvis sanapiro zolSi viTarebas osmalTa
silistriis Zlier cixe-simagres Semoartya sasargeblod Secvlida. ingliss-safrangeT-
alya. amis sapasuxod 1854 wlis 15 marts ing- is flotTan brZola damRupveli iqneboda,
lisis dedofalma viqtoriam
viqtoriam,, xolo 16 marts ris gamoc voroncovi aucileblad miiCnevda
safrangeTis imperastorma napoleon III-m omi zRvis sanapiro zolidan jarebis gamoyva-
gamoucxades ruseTs. 1854 wlis aprilSi xel- nas. voroncovi Tvlida, rom es TavisTavad
mowerili iqna inglis-safrangeTis konvencia, gamarTlebuli nabiji guriis razms umZimes
romelic ruseTis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli. mdgomareobaSi Caagdebda. amitom iyo, rom vo-
1854 wlis sabrZolo moqmedebebi ruseTisaT- roncovi aucileblad miiCnevda guriis raz-
vis araxelsayrelad viTardeboda. warmatebe- mis ukan daxevas mdinare cxeniswylis rionTan
bi mxolod kavkasiis frontze, konkretulad, SeerTebis adgilamde. aq igi unda dalode-
saqarTveloSi iqna mopovebuli. boda Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebare foTis,
1. 1854 wlis sabrZolo moqmedebebis gegma redut-kalesa da soxumis simagreebidan gamo-
kavkasiis frontze. 1854 wlis 9 Tebervals yvanil jarebs da Semdeg maTTan erTad quTai-
mixail voroncovma peterburgs sabrZolo mo- sis mimarTulebiT ukan daexia. voroncovi ar
qmedebebis gegma warudgina. kavkasiis mefis- gamoricxavda, rom ukandaxeva Tbilisamdec
nacvali aRniSnavda, rom 1854 wels dagegmili gagrZelebuliyo. kavkasiis mefisnacvali mi-
sabrZolo operaciebis ganxorcielebisas, gen- iCnevda, rom inglissa da safrangeTTan mSvi-
549
dobiani urTierTobis damyarebamde yarisis, 1.guriis razmi (qveiTTa 18 batalioni, kaza-

1.guriis
artaanisa da baiazeTis mimarTulebiT Seteva kTa 19 aseuli, miliciis 50 aseuli, 30 qve-
yovlad dauSvebeli iyo. am taqtikuri xazis mexi). guriis razms general-maiori aleqsan-
arCevis SemTxvevaSi, osmalebs, ingliselebsa dr gagarini meTaurobda; 2. axalcixis razmi
da frangebs saSualeba miecemodaT desanti (qveiTTa7,3 batalioni, kazakTa 6 aseuli, mi-
gadmoesxaT Savi zRvis sanapiroze, didi wi- liciis 10 aseuli, 16 qvemexi). razmis meTauri
naaRmdegobis gareSe daekavebinaT guria
guria,, same- general-maiori kovalevski iyo. garda aRniS-
grelo, afxazeTi da imereTi
imereTi,, Semdeg Seteva nulisa, Tbilisis raionSi saerTo rezervSi
ganeviTarebinaT Tbilisze da SeerTebodnen idga qveiTTa 4 batalioni da miliciis ram-
imam Samilis jarebs. denime aseuli.
general-feldmarSali ivan paskeviCi samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlagebuli ruseTis
ar eTanxmeboda mixail voroncovis gegmas. regularuli jarisa da miliciis winaaRmdeg
paskeviCi miiCnevda: 1. kavkasiis korpuss Tav- moqmedebisaTvis gamiznuli iyo osmaleTis
dacviTi brZolebi unda gaegrZelebina mar- anatoliis armia, romelSic 60.000 mebrZoli
jvena flangze (guria, samegrelo, afxaze- iricxeboda da mas mustafa zarif faSa sard-
Ti, imereTi); 2.marcxena flangze 1854 wlis lobda.
gazafxulze unda dawyebuliyo Seteva yarsis, inglisisa da safrangeTis osmaleTis
artaanisa da baiazeTis dakavebis mizniT; 3. mxares Cabmis Semdeg aSkara gaxda, rom saqa-
baiazeTis dakavebis Semdeg ruseTis jarebs rTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebare si-
arzrumisaTvis unda SeetiaT da sanam os- magreebs ruseTis samxedro floti veRar
malebi mis gamagrebas moaswrebdnen, daekave- daexmareboda. miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba
binaT es metad mniSvnelovani simagre. mixail am simagreebis daclis Sesaxeb. 1854 wlis 3
voroncovis gegma osmaleTis mxareze inglis- marts Savi zRvis sanapiro xazis me-2 ganyo-
safrangeTis monawileobis gaTvaliswinebiT filebam, romelic Crdilo-dasavleT sana-
iyo Sedgenili, xolo ivan paskeviCi am umniS- piros icavda, garnizonebis moxsnis operacia
vnelovanes faqtors angariSs saerTod ar daiwyo. martis bolomde ruseTma garnizone-
uwevda. voroncovis mosazrebas osmaleT-in- bi gaiyvana gelenjikidan, novorosiiskidan da
glis-safrangeTis erToblivi moqmedebis Sem- anapidan,, SemdegSi es Zalebi yirimis sanapir-
anapidan
TxvevaSi Savi zRvis simagreebis da, saerTod, os dasacavad gamoiyenes. sanapiro xazis me-2
dasavleT saqarTvelos umZimes mdgomareoba- ganyofilebis garnizonebis dacla mSvidobi-
Si Cavardnis Sesaxeb paskeviCi ase pasuxobda: anad ganxorcielda, samagierod, Zalze gar-
gavaZlieroT frontis marjvena flangi guri- Tulda sanapiro xazis me-3 ganyofilebis gar-
idan da samegrelodan imereTsa da axalcix- nizonebis evakuacia. saqme is iyo, rom gagris
emdeo. cxare polemikis Semdeg nikolai I-ma simagre ifaravda afxazeTSi erTaderT Semo-
mixail voroncovis gegmas dauWira mxari. sasvlels, misi daclis Semdeg Crdilo kavka-
2. viTareba guria-aWaris sasazRvro siis mTielebi daubrkoleblad Semovidodnen
raionsa da Savi zRvis sanapiro zolze 1854 afxazeTSi, amitom iyo, rom gagris garnizo-
wlis zamTarsa da gazafxulze..
gazafxulze.. 1854 wlis nis evakuacia droebiT gadaido. sanapiro xa-
gazafxulisaTvis saqarTvelos teritoriaze zis me-3 ganyofilebis garnizonebis dislo-
ruseTis jarebi ase iyo ganlagebuli: kaciis Secvla kavkasiis korpusis sardlobam
I. general-leitenant vasili bebuTovs afxazeTis mTavars, general-leitenant mix-
eqvemdebareboda: 1. aleqsandropolis ((gi- gi- eil ServaSiZes miando, romelmac dakisre-
umris)) razmi (qveiTTa 20 batalioni, 26 es-
umris bul movaleobas warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi.
kadroni, kazakTa 21 aseuli da miliciis 12 afxazeTis sanapiros simagreebidan moxsnili
aseuli 74 zarbazniT). 2. axalqalaqis razmi 5 batalioni soxumSi gadaiyvanes. cxadi iyo,
(qveiTTa 2,4 batalioni, kazakTa 3 aseuli, mi- rom gagris garnizoni SeiZleboda umZimes
liciis 1 aseuli); 3. erevnis razmi (qveiTTa mdgomareobaSi aRmoCeneliyo. 1854 wlis 12
6,2 batalioni, kazakTa 6 aseuli, miliciis 7 martis brZanebiT, sanapiro xazis me-3 ganyo-
aseuli, 12 zarbazani). razms meTaurobda gen- filebis ufrosma generalma nikolai readma
eral-leitenanti karl vrangeli. gagris garnizons, gamouvali viTarebis Se-
II. general-leitenant ivane androni- qmnis SemTxvevaSi, TeTri droSis gamofenisa
kaSvilis saerTo meTaurobiT moqmedebdnen: da ingliselebisa da frangebisaTvis tyved
550
vaxtang guruli
danebebis ufleba misca. readis am brZanebam ozurgeTis modamoebidan ukan daxevis

peterburgSi ukiduresi aRSfoTeba gamoi- Semdeg ivane andronikaSvilma guriis razmi
wvia. miiRes zomebi gagris garnizonis ga- rionis orive napirze Semdegnairad ganal-
dasarCenad. es samxedro operacia warmatebiT aga: 1. rionis marcxena napirze, Coxatauris
ganxorcielda da 1854 wlis 23 aprils gagris simaRleebze, ganlagebuli iyo: a)qveiTTa 5
garnizoni (600 oficeri da jariskaci) mSvi- batalioni 14 qvemexiT. am Zalebs general-
dobianad Caiyvanes qerCSi. sanapiro xazis me-2 maior andrei bruneris meTurobiT unda
da me-3 ganyofilebebis simagreebis daclis daecva ozurgeTidan quTaisisaken mimavali
Semdeg mTlianad daucveli darCa afxazeTi, gza; b) 2,5 batalioni 4 qvemexiT (meTauri
samegrelo, guria da, saboloo jamSi, imereT- podpolkovniki nikoloz erisTavi) sofel
ic. nigoiTTan idga, sadac gadioda gza sofel
1854 wlis martis bolosaTvis guriis orpiridan akeTis gadasasvleliT guriisak-
razmis dakompleqteba jer kidev ar iyo das- en; g) Coxataursa da nigoeTTan ganlagebul
rulebuli. general-maior aleqsandr gaga- batalionebs Soris kavSirisaTvis sofel qvi-
rinis daqvemdebarebaSi regularuli jaris anSi idga 1 batalioni; 2. rionis marjvena na-
10,5 batalioni da 2 aseuli, aseve miliciis pirze jarebi ase ganlagda: a) sanapiro xazis
40 aseuli imyofeboda. guriis razms sul me-3 ganyofilebis garnizonebidan moxsnili
12 zarbazani gaaCnda, igi ozurgeTisa da 5 batalioni 4 samTo qvemexiT general-maio-
Coxatauris midamoebSi iyo ganlagebuli. am ri naidels mdinare civis napirze idga, mas
mZime viTarebaSi guriis razmis meTaurad redut-kaleSi osmalTa desantis gadmosx-
general-leitenanti ivane andronikaSvili misaTvis unda SeeSala xeli. b) 3 batalioni
dainiSna, romelic dauyovnebliv gaemgzavra 8 qvemexiT saerTo rezervs warmoadgenda da
guriaSi da ozurgeTSi Casulma 1854 wlis 23 mdinare cxeniswylis rionTan SeerTebis adgi-
marts pirveli brZanebac gamosca. generali las idga. rezervSi idgnen agreTve kazakTa
polkebis, batalionebisa da aseulebis meTau- aseulebi da qarTuli milicia. rezervis gan-
rebs mkacrad afrTxilebda, rom aRekveTaT lagebaSi imyofeboda ivane andronikaSvilis
udisciplinoba da mosaxleobasTan damokide- Stabic.
bulebaSi oficerTa da jariskacTa uRirsi 1854 wlis gazafxulze osmaleTis ana-
saqcieli. Seqmnil viTarebaSi garkvevis Sem- toliis armia (60.000 mebrZoli) mustafa
deg generalma andronikaSvilma mosalod- zarif faSas sardlobiT yarsidan aleqsan-
neli katastrofis Tavidan acilebis mizniT dropolis (giumris
giumris)) mimarTulebiT daiZra.
gadawyvita, mTlianad daecala mdinare Colo- imavdroulad osmalTa korpusi(36.000 mebr-
qis marjvena sanapiro, daetovebina ozurgeTi Zoli) selim faSas sardlobiT qobuleTis
da guriis razmi rionis axlos, akeTis simaR- sanjayidan guriis sazRvrebisaken wamovida.
lebze ganelagebina. es ki imas niSnavda, rom samxreT kavkasiaSi kritikuli viTareba Seiqm-
mTel gurias osmalebi ubrZolvelad daika- na. ruseTis winaaRmdeg omSi safrangeTisa da
vebdnen. Tavis gadawyvetilebas 1854 wlis 30 inglisis Cabmam osmalebi gaamxneva. 1854 wlis
martiT daTariRebul moxsenebaSi generali 11 aprils selim faSam guria-aWaris sazRvari
ase asabuTebda: `guriis, samegrelosa da gadmolaxa da ozurgeTi daikava. cota mogvi-
imereTis dacvis Sesaxeb Sedgenili savarau- anebiT, 1854 wlis maisis damdegs, inglisisa
do gegmebi ar Seesatyviseba Cems warmodge- da safrangeTis eskadram osmalTa desanti
nas. jaris daqucmaceba mcire nawilebad da gadmosxa redut-kaleSi, anakliaSi, soxumsa
Warbi nawilebis winaaRmdeg brZoliT ukan da sxva adgilebSi, romlebic sul cota xnis
daxeva iseT gzebze, rogoric ozurgeTidan win datoves ruseTis garnizonebma.
cxeniswylis SesarTavamde da samegrelos sxva 3. lanCxuT-nigoiTis brZola. 1854 wlis
adgilebSia, aucileblad gamoiwvevs imas, rom maisis bolos selim faSam hasan bei TavdgiriZe
zarbaznebi da mTeli mZime bargi gzaSi iqneba daaxloebiT 15.000 mebrZoliT mdinare sufsis
mitovebuli~. ivane andronikaSvili askvnida: marjvena napiris guriis soflebis dasarbevad
`guriis razms Semouvlian rogorc marjvena, gagzavna. osmalebTan erTad hasan beis razmSi
ise marcxena flangidan da mteri ara marto aWarlebic iyvnen. maT qarTuli samosi ecvaT
quTaiss daikavebs, aramed Tbilisiskenac da davalebuli hqondaT laSqrobis dros mx-
gaexsneba gza.~ olod qarTulad elaparakaT. win mimavali
551
aWarlebi rusebs qarTul miliciaSi unda ver SeniSna, rom aWarlebma rusebisagan Se-
areodaT, romlis razmebic sufsis marjvena viwroebuli osmalTa regularuli jaris
napirze idgnen. hasan beim kargad icoda, rom batalionebi miatoves da sadRac gaqrnen. aR-
ase Tu ise Zlieri razmebi rusebs mxolod moCnda, rom jer kidev xelCarTuli brZolis
sofel nigoiTTan da sofel qvianSi hyavdaT. dawyebamde hasan beim aWarlebis razmTan er-
Tu hasan bei am or razms gaanadgurebda, os- Tad tyis bilikebiT brZolis vels Semouara,
malebi Seuferxeblad SeiWrebodnen imereTis ruseTis regularuli jarisa da qarTuli
sazRvrebSi. hasan beis osmalo sardlisagan miliciis zurgSi aRmoCnda da moulodnelad
guriis soflebSi mosaxleobis gadabirebis Tavs daesxa sofel nigoiTTan ganlagebul
mizniT agitaciis warmoebac hqonda davale- erisTavis razmis banaks. am droisaTvis banaks
buli. saerTod, unda aRiniSnos, rom hasan bei belostokis polkis 2 aseuli icavda. eri-
TavdgiriZis laSqroba guriaSi dazverviTi sTavi mis mier daSvebul Secdomas mxolod
xasiaTisa iyo, selim faSas surda gaerkvia, maSin mixvda, rodesac nigoiTis mxridan mow-
sad ufro susti iyo ruseTis jarisa da qa- inaaRmdegis zarbaznebis griali Semoesma.
rTuli miliciis TavdacviTi xazi, quTaisze man swrafad Seafasa Seqmnili viTareba, 1
SetevisaTvis romeli gza ufro mosaxerxe- batalioniT nigoiTisaken gaeSura, xolo da-
beli iqneboda. 1854 wlis 25 maiss hasan bei narCen jarsa da milicias alyaSi moqceuli
swrafi marSiT gaeSura sofel nigoiTisaken. osmalebis ganadgureba ubrZana. nigoiTis
igi miznad isaxavda, nigoiTTan mdgari pod- banakTan miaxloebisas erisTavma SeniSna, rom
polkovnik nikoloz erisTavis razmi manam hasan bei 10. 000 aWareliT TavgametebiT mi-
daemarcxebina, vidre rusebi damxmare Zalas hqonda ieriSebi banakis damcvelebze. belos-
miaSvelebdnen mas. podpolkovnikma erisTavma tokis polkis 2 aseuli medgrad icavda Tavs,
adgilobrivi mosaxleobisa da guriis mili- Tumca artileristebis didi nawili ukve
ciis wyalobiT winaswar icoda hasan bei Tavd- daxocili iyo. nikoloz erisTavis batalioni
giriZis moZraobis mimarTuleba. man yove- rom dainaxa, hasan bei TavdgiriZe mixvda, rom
live acnoba general ivane andronikaSvils, ukan dasaxevi gza moWrili hqonda da amitom
romelmac erisTavs imereTis miliciis ram- maxlobel tyes Seafara Tavi. tyeSi hasan bei
denime aseuli miaSvela. Seityo Tu ara mowi- qarTul milicias gadaeyara, romelic lanCx-
naaRmdegis miaxloeba, nikoloz erisTavma 27 uTTan osmalebis ganadgurebis Semdeg ni-
maiss ganTiadisas banaki datova da ZiriTadi goiTis banakisken modioda. daiwyo saSineli
ZalebiT hasan beis Sesaxvedrad gaemarTa. 3 xocva-Jleta. hasan bei sastikad damarcxda.
versis gavlis Semdeg sofel lanCxuTTan pod- brZolaSi gansakuTrebiT gamoiCina Tavi
polkovniki erisTavi moulodnelad osmalTa imereTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis miliciam
mowinave razms waawyda. osmaleTis regu- Tavad miqelaZis meTaurobiT. jer lanCxuT-
laruli jaris 3 batalioni 2 zarbazniT min- Tan, xolo Semdeg nigoiTTan gancdili marcx-
dorze iyo ganlagebuli, xolo irgvliv tyeSi is Semdeg hasan bei TavdgiriZem Tavisi jaris
baSibuzukebi iyvnen Casafrebuli. osmalebma ZiriTadi nawili miatova da mcire amalasTan
Zlieri cecxli gaxsnes. nikoloz erisTavma erTad gaiqca. mas daedevna guruli aznauri
brZaneba gasca da rusebi xiStebiT gadavidnen erasti Wyonia Tavisi ZmebiTa da ramdenime
Setevaze. man 4 zarbaznidan Zlieri cecxli glexiT. Zmebma Wyoniebma gza mouWres hasan
gauxsna osmalebs, ramac qveiTebs Setevis beis, xelCarTul brZolaSi gafantes misi ama-
warmatebiT dawyebis saSualeba misca. gaimar- la, erasti Wyoniam xmlis erTi moqneviT Tavi
Ta saSineli xocva-Jleta. mowinaaRmdegem br- gaagdebina hasan bei TavdgiriZes. lanCxuTTan
Zolis veli miatova da gaiqca. zarbaznebi da da nigoiTTan brZolebSi hasan beim mxolod
sxva nadavli rusebs darCaT. podpolkovnikma moklulTa saxiT daaxloebiT 1000 mebrZoli
erisTavma brZaneba gasca, rom, rogorc sa- dakarga. ruseTis regularuli jaridan da qa-
kuTari, ise osmalTa artileria saswrafod rTuli miliciidan daaxloebiT 600 mebrZoli
razmis ZiriTad banakSi gadaetanaT, raTa os- daiWra da daiRupa. lanCxuTTan da nigoiTTan
malTa devnisas mis tarebas razmis moZrao- gamarjvebam garkveulwilad moamzada ufro
ba ar Seeferxebina. am brZanebam ixsna kidec didi gamarjveba ColoqTan.
podpolkovnik erisTavis razmi ganadgurebi- 4. Coloqis brZola. guriis razmis meTau-
sagan: cxare brZolisas nikoloz erisTavma rma ivane andronikaSvilma lanCxuTTan da ni-
552
vaxtang guruli
goiTTan mopovebuli gamarjvebis Sesaxeb 1854 pozicia ekavaT. ivane andronikaSvilma guri-
wlis 27 maiss Seityo. am gamarjvebam cvli- is razmi or nawilad gayo, marjvena kolo-
lebebi Seitana guriis razmis sabrZolo monas general-maiori maideli
maideli,, xolo marcx-
qmedebis gegmaSi. generalma andronikaSvilma enas general-maiori bruneri meTaurobdnen.
gadawyvita dauyovnebliv daZruliyo selim qveiTi miliciis nawilebi regularuli jaris
faSas korpusis gasanadgureblad. ivane an- win waswies. miliciis ramdenime aseuli mdin-
dronikaSvilis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: qveiTTa are Coloqis xeobaSi gaigzavna, raTa selim-
1,5 batalioni, kazakTa 4 aseuli, guriis qveiTi faSas mTeli yuradReba swored am razms
miliciis 6 aseuli, imereTis cxenosani mili- miepyro. generali andronikaSvili mizanSe-
ciis 5 aseuli, qarTvel cxenosanTa sagangebo wonilad Tvlida, rom pirvelad osmalTa
razmi Tavad giorgi jandieris meTaurobiT,
sul _ daaxloebiT 10.000 mebrZoli. guriis
razms SeiaraRebaze hqonda 8 msubuqi da 10
samTo zarbazani. generali andronikaSvili
sofel marnidan ozurgeTisaken 1854 wlis 25
maiss daiZra. Zlierma wvimebma da ugzoobam
razmis moZraoba Seaferxa. regularuli jari
da milicia ozurgeTs mxolod 3 ivniss miuax-
lovda. selim faSam brZolas Tavi aarida da
ozurgeTi datova, mdinare Coloqis marcxena
napirze gadavida da iq winaswar gamagrebul
poziciebze SeCerda. ozurgeTSi osmalebma
datoves mravali avadmyofi da daWrili ja-
riskaci, didi raodenobiT sursaTi.
ivane andronikaSvils gadawyvetili hqon-
da dauyovnebliv Seetia osmalebisaTvis, ma-
gram guriis razmis ariergardis dagvianebis
gamo Seteva gadaido. 1854 wlis 3 ivnisis
saRamos generalma andronikaSvilma samxedro
sabWo moiwvia. generlebisa da oficrebis
umravlesoba Setevis gadadebis momxre iyo,
ivane andronikaSvili
mxolod umciresoba uWerda mxars Setevis
dawyebas. ivane andronikaSvili kamaTSi ar Ca- marcxena flangisaTvis Seetia, radgan igi
reula da mxolod samxedro sabWos sxdomis SedarebiT naklebad iyo daculi. qarTulma
dasrulebisas gamoacxada, rom meore diliT miliciam da regularulma jarma daiwyes Tu
Setevas iwyebdnen. 1854 wlis 4 ivniss, gam- ara mdinare Coloqis marcxena napirze gadas-
Teniisas, guriis razmma ozurgeTi datova vla, polkovnikma mamacaSvilma zarbaznebi-
da tyeSi mimavali gzebiT guria-aWaris saz- dan intensiurad dabomba osmalTa poziciebi,
Rvrisaken gaemarTa. avangardSi idga guriis ramac qveiTebs da cxenosnebs mowinaaRmdegis
qveiTi milicia da imereTis milicia _ Tavad poziciasTan miaxloebis saSualeba misca. amis
qaixosro miqelaZis cxenosani razmi. odnav Semdeg mamacaSvilma zarbaznebi win waswia
moSorebiT midioda ruseTis regularuli da kvlav gaagrZela osmalTa poziciebis da-
jari da qarTuli miliciis danarCeni aseule- bombva. mTeli ZaliT amoqmedda selim faSas
bi. qarTulma miliciam gaanadgura osmalTa artileriac. osmalebma zusti damiznebiT
ramdenime saguSago, romlebic ozurgeTidan mwyobridan gamoiyvanes mamacaSvilis 60 ar-
Coloqamde iyo ganlagebuli, xolo Semdeg tileristi. am metad kritikul viTarebaSi
ukuaqcia osmalTa sakmaod Zlieri cxenosanTa mamacaSvilma kidev ufro win waswia 18 zarba-
razmi. male ruseTis regulkarulma jarmac zani da pirdapir osmalTa zarbaznebs dau-
moaRwia da qarTul miliciasTan erTad igi Sina cecxli. sul male osmalTa artileriis
mdinare Coloqis marjvena napirze, osmalTa efeqturi moqmedeba Senelda, ramac mamacaS-
banakis pirispir ganlagda. mdinaris marcx- vils saSualeba misca kidev ufro win waewia
ena napirze osmalebs sakmaod gamagrebuli Tavisi zarbaznebi. mamacaSvilis brZanebiT,
553
msubuqi zarbaznebidan osmalTa artileriis cxebulma kolonam ukan daxeva daiwyo, ramac
dabombva gagrZelda, xolo samTo zarbazne- mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo artileristebi.
bidan cecxli osmalTa qveiT jars gauxsnes. osmalo cxenosnebs rusebis artileriis xel-
generali ivane andronikaSvili yuradRebiT Si Cagdeba undodaT. polkovniki mamacaSvili
akvirdeboda saartilerio brZolas da ro- Zlieri cecxliT cdilobda osmalTa Setevis
gorc ki osmalTa artileriis cecxli Senel- SeCerebas. mamacaSvils cxeni moukles da Tvi-
da, general maidelisa da general bruneris Tonac Zlier daSavda. osmalebi 100 nabijze
kolonebi Setevaze gadavidnen. amasobaSi mouaxlovdnen artileristebs. mamacaSvilma
Coloqis xeobaSi gagzavnilma qarTulma mili- 18 zarbaznidan kidev erTxel gaxsna Zlieri
ciam osmalTa marjvena flangs Semouara da cecxli da osmalebs ukan daaxevina.
general bruneris kolonas daeloda, raTa Seqmnil, erTi SexedviT, gamouval viTa-
erTad SeetiaT mowinaaRmdegisaTvis. daiZra rebaSi, aliaqoTsa da gaurkvevlobaSi gener-
Tu ara Setevaze general maidelis kolona, alma ivane andronikaSvilma bolomde Sein-
osmalebma Zlieri saartilerio cecxli gax- arCuna sulieri simSvide. general maidelis
snes. polkovnikma mamacaSvilma cecxliTve kolonis ukan daxevis Semdeg generalma an-
upasuxa, maidelma qveiTebs Setevaze gadas- dronikaSvilma brZana cxenosani jaris erTi
vla ubrZana, gaimarTa xelCarTuli brZola, nawili dauyovnebliv SeWriliyo osmalTa
rusebmac da osmalebmac bevri mebrZoli banakSi, xolo meore nawils mowinaaRmdegis
dakarges. osmalebma Setevas ver gauZles marjvena flangisaTvis Seetia. Setevaze gada-
da ukan daixies. generali maideli osmalTa sul kavaleristebs andronikaSvilma fexda-
poziciaSi SeiWra, magram male gairkva, rom fex gaayola guriis razmis saerTo rezervi,
misi kolona mTlianad moswyvetoda guriis xolo Semdeg _ general bruneris kolonac.
razmis ZiriTad Zalebs, amitom misi alyaSi es Seteva selim faSasaTvis moulodneli aR-
moqceva da ganadgureba realur safrTxed moCnda, osmalebi aSkarad daibnen. amiT isarge-
iqca. Seqmnil viTarebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvn- bla ivane andrinikaSvilma da saerTo Sete-
eloba eniWeboda general bruneris kolonis vis brZaneba dasca. kavaleristebma osmalTa
osmalTa poziciebze Setevas, magram genera- banaks marjvena flangidan Semouares da zur-
li ayovnebda. bruners, osmalTa poziciebis gidan miitanes ieriSi. imavdroulad, osmalTa
marjvena flangisaTvis unda Seetia, amis banakSi polkovnik xaritonovis meTaurobiT
sanacvlod generali Coloqis xeobas ahyva. doneli kazakebi SeiWrnen, kazakebs ukan mihy-
buCqnarSi sruliad gaumarTlebeli xetia- va giorgi jandierisa da qaixosro miqelaZis
lis Semdeg isev ukan dabrunda da sabolood cxenosani milicia. xaritonovis, jandierisa
guriis razmis artileriis zurgSi aRmoCnda. da miqelaZis cxenosnebs osmalebma sastiki
bruneris umoqmedobam daabnia qarTuli mili- winaaRmdegoba gauwies. didi danaklisi gani-
ciis meTauri, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, cada giorgi jandieris cxenosanma miliciam.
osmalTa marjvena flangis Semovlis Semdeg brZolaSi daiRupnen aseulis meTauri Tavadi
bruneris kolonis Setevis dawyebas eloda. zaqaria andronikaSvili da Tavadi vaxvaxiS-
bruneris Secdomis wyalobiT misi kolona da vili (am omSi daiRupa vaxvaxiSvilis 4 Zma.
Coloqis xeobaSi qarTuli miliciis aseule- Coloqis brZolaSi daRupuli vaxvaxiSvili
bi mowyvetili aRmoCndnen brZolis vels da mexuTe iyo!) brZolaSi sasikvdilod daiWrnen
daxmareba ver aRmouCines mtris poziciaSi Tavadebi nikoloz WavWavaZe da mixeil eri-
SeWril general maidelis kolonas. amiT sTavi,, ori mZime Wriloba miiRo TviT giorgi
sTavi
dauyovnebliv isargebla selim faSam da qvei- jandiermac.. sul Coloqis brZolaSi giorgi
jandiermac
Ti jaris 8 batalioniTa da kavaleriis 3 eska- jandieris miliciam 125 mebrZoli dakarga.
droniT Tavs daesxa general maidels, romlis brZolaSi daiRupnen donis kazakTa polkis
Zalebs kurinis polkis 2 arasruli bataliona meTauri polkovniki xaritonovi da imereTis
warmoadgenda. xelCarTul brZolaSi rusebma miliciis aseulis meTauri 75 wlis qaixosro
didi danakargi ganicades. oficrebis umrav- miqelaZe.
miqelaZe
lesoba brZolaSi daiRupa, TiToeul aseulSi rusi da qarTveli kavaleristebis Tav-
30-35 oficeri da jariskaciRa darCa. gener- dadebam qveiT jars saSualeba misca gaSlili-
al maidens cxeni moukles da qveiTad darCe- yo da saerTo Seteva daewyo. qveiTTa Setevas
nili Zlivs gadaurCa tyveobas. misma damar- efeqturad uWerdnen mxars polkovnik mama-
554
vaxtang guruli
caSvilis artileristebi. sul ufro aSkara 1854 wlis zamTris damdegisaTvis

xdeboda, rom selim faSa organizebulad ve- guriisa, samegrelosa da afxazeTis sazRvre-
Rar icavda Tavs. male osmalebma stiqiuri bze simSvide damyarda, Tumca, rogorc male
ukandaxeva daiwyes. ivane andronikaSvilma gairkva, igi droebiTi iyo.
rusi da qarTveli cxenosnebi daadevna maT.
sofel leRvamde kavaleristebma bevri osma-
lo daxoces, xolo leRvas samxreTiT selim §3. imam Samilis jarebis SemoWra kaxeTSi (1854
faSas korpusis naSTebi sabolood gaifanta. wlis ivlisi)
teritoria mdinare Coloqis marcxena napiri-
ruseTis saimperatoro kars, sagareo
dan sofel leRvamde osmalTa gvamebiT iyo
saqmeTa saministros, samxedro saministrosa
mofenili. bevri osmalo tyved danebda.
da mTavar Stabs utyuari cnobebi hqondaT
ColoqTan brZolaSi osmalebma moklu-
imis Taobaze, rom samxreT kavkasiaSi osma-
lTa saxiT daaxloebiT 4.000 mebrZoli da-
leTis jaris SemoWris Semdeg mosalodneli
karges. guriis razms nadavlad darCa osmal-
iyo imam Samilis jarebis Tavdasxma saqarT-
Ta yvela zarbazani, sursaTisa da sabrZolo
veloze, kerZod, kaxeTze. cxadia, yovelive
saWurvlis mTeli maragi, selim faSas karavi
amis Taobaze informirebuli iyo kavkasiis
da sardlis xazina (500.000 oqros maneTi).
mefisnacvali mixail voroncovi da kavkasiis
TviT selim faSa SemTxveviT gadaurCa tyveo-
korpusis sardloba. daudgeneli iyo mxolod
bas. seriozuli danaklisi ganicada guriis
is, Tu saidan ganaxorcielebda Setevas Sami-
razmmac. daiWra da daiRupa razmis piradi
lis jari: daRestnidan (yvarlis gavliT) Tu
Semadgenlobis 15 %. aRsaniSnavia, rom daW-
War-belaqnidan (qiziyis gavliT).
rilTa da daRupulTa 1/3 qarTul miliciaze
levan meliqiSvilma kargad icoda leke-
modioda.
Tis xazis yvela sisuste. 1854 wlis 4 ianvars
samxreT kavkasiaSi Seqmnil araxelsayrel
man TbilisSi moxseneba gagzavna, romelSic
samxedro-strategiul viTarebaSi 1854 wlis 4
aRniSnuli iyo: lekeTis xazis marcxena flan-
ivniss ColoqTan mopovebul gamarjvebas didi
gi Samilis jarebis kaxeTze Tavdasxmis Sem-
mniSvneloba hqonda. TiTqmis mTlianad gamovi-
TxvevaSi mowinaaRmdeges ver SeaCerebs, xolo
da mwyobridan selim faSas korpusi. gancdili
marjvena flangidan (zaqaTalidan) daxmarebis
marcxis Semdeg daiSala osmaleTis miliciis
miReba SeuZlebeli iqnebao. levan meliqiS-
(baSibuzukTa) razmebi.sazRvari mdinare Colo-
vili iTxovda, rom marcxena flangze ganla-
qze aRdga, romlis dacvis mizniT Seiqmna ruse-
gebul 2 batalionsa da qarTuli miliciis
Tis regularuli jarisa da qarTuli miliciis
razmebs damatebodaT qveiTTa 2 batalioni,
saguSagoebi.
kazakTa 4 aseuli da 4 samTo zarbazani. garda
ColoqTan gamarTuli brZolis Semdeg
amisa, aucilebeli iyo, kavkasionis mTavari
TbilisSi dabrunebisTanave, 1854 wlis 13
qedis samxreT kalTebze kaxeTis barSi Camo-
ivniss, general-leitenantma ivane androni-
maval xeobebSi saguSagoebze mdgar qarTul
kaSvilma guriisa da axalcixis razmebis
milicias damateboda 300 kaci da imavdrou-
meTauris Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufleba
lad Seqmniliyo miliciis rezervi 1.500 me-
iTxova. guriis razmis meTaurad dainiSna
brZoliT. polkovniki meliqiSvili aucile-
kavkasiis grenaderTa brigadis meTauri gen-
blad Tvlida yvarlis cixis qvis galavnis
eral-maiori ivane bagration-muxranski. ax-
aRdgenas, rogorc es 1850 wlis proeqtiT iyo
alcixis razmi kvlav gamoeyo guriis razms
gaTvaliswinebuli. aseve gadaudebel aucile-
da igi aleqsandropolis korpusis ( meTauri
blobad miiCnevda yvarlis cixeSi Tofiswam-
general-leitenanti vasili bebuTovi) Semad-
lis, purisa da wylis maragis Seqmnas, raTa
genlobaSi Sevida. Seicvala guriis razmis
cixe xangrZlivi alyisaTvis mzad yofiliyo.
dislokaciis gegmac. general bagration-
levan meliqiSvilis proeqti TbilisSi moi-
muxranskis azriT, razmi orad unda gayofil-
wones, Tumca moxsenebaSi dasmuli sakiTxebi
iyo: erTi nawili samegreloSi (zugdidsa da
ar gadauWriaT. 1854 wlis ianvarSi levan mel-
xeTaSi) ganlagdeboda, xolo meore _ guriaSi
iqiSvili zaqaTalis okrugis ufrosis mova-
(akeTis maRlobze). razmis Stabi da rezervi
leobis Semsruleblad gadaiyvanes da leke-
sofel sortaSi(samegrelo) unda ganTavsebu-
Tis xazic isev savalalo mdgomareobaSi dar-
liyo.
Ca. 1854 wlis Tebervlis bolos polkovniki
555
imami Samili
levan meliqiSvili mTeli lekeTis xazis Tbilisis egerTa polkis 1 batalionis garda,
ufrosad daniSnes da general-maioris wode- levan meliqiSvilis daJinebuli moTxovniT,
bac mianiWes. lekeTis xazis marcxena flan- unda ganlagebuliyo: saqarTvelos meTormete
gis ufrosad polkovniki mixail fon kulmani saxazo batalioni, samegrelos egerTa polkis
dainiSna.. levan meliqiSvilma Telavis mazris
dainiSna 1 batalioni, kazakTa 4 aseuli, qarTuli mi-
ufrosTan lekeTis xazis marcxena flangis liciis 3 aseuli da 500 milicieli rezervi-
ufros polkovnik fon kulmanTan da kaxeTis dan. lekeTis xazis marcxena flangis Semov-
TavadebTan erTad xazis marcxena flangis si- lis Semdeg, 1854 wlis 7 marts, general-maio-
magreebi Semoiara. simagreebis ufrosad kax- ri levan meliqiSvili xazis marjvena flangis
eli Tavadebi dainiSnen, xolo polkovnikma Sesaswavlad gaemarTa da zaqaTalaSi Cavida.
fon kulmanma yvarlis cixis qvis galavnis marcxena flangis gaZlierebis mizniT meli-
aRdgenisa da sacxenisis simagris mSeneblobis qiSvilis moTxovna mxolod nawilobriv dak-
dasrulebis brZaneba miiRo. masve daevala ka- mayofilda: regularuli jaris 2 batalionis
vkasionis mTavari qedis samxreT kalTebidan nacvlad lekeTis xazze 1 batalioni gaigzav-
kaxeTis barSi Camomaval xeobebSi arsebuli na, xolo qarTuli miliciis rezervidan 1.500
saguSagoebis sabrZolo saWurvliTa da sur- milicielis nacvlad _ 500 milicieli, kaza-
saTiT momarageba. mniSvnelovani iyo is, rom kTa 4 aseulis nacvlad _ 3 aseuli, 4 samTo
lekeTis marcxena flangze mudmivad mdgomi zarbaznis nacvlad _ 2 zarbazani. samagierod,
556
vaxtang guruli
polkovnikma fon kulmanma sabrZolo saWurv- 4. mTis xeobebSi ganlagebuli regularu-

liTa da sursaTiT uxvad moamaraga mTis xeli jarisa da miliciis saguSagoebi drou-
obebSi ganlagebuli regularuli jarisa da lad unda yofiliyo momaragebuli sabrZolo
qarTuli miliciis saguSagoebi. manve Tavisi saWurvliT, sursaTiTa da wylis maragiT; so-
agentebis meSveobiT saidumlo kavSiri daa- flebSi unda aRedginaT Zveli dazianebuli
myara anwuxis naib yara ibrahimTan,
ibrahimTan, romelic cixe-simagreebi; moexdinaT mosaxleobis mo-
imam Samilis gansakuTrebuli ndobiT sarge- bilizeba;
blobda. naibi Samilis Ralats da rusebis mx- 5. lekeTis xazis marcxena flangis
ares gadasvlas apirebda, amitom iyo, rom fon ufrosis polkovnik kulmanis daqvemdebare-
kulmans kaxeTis mimarTulebiT Samilis jar- baSi iqneboda qveiTTa 2 batalioni, kazakTa
ebis moZraobis Sesaxeb cnobebs awvdida. levan 3 aseuli, miliciis 5 aseuli, Tavadebisa
meliqiSvilma gaweuli samsaxuris sanacvlod da aznaurebis cxenosani jaris 5 aseuli, 4
yara ibrahims didi odenobis Tanxa gaugza- zarbazani;
vna. yara ibrahimis garda rusebi cnobebs sxva 6. soflebis siaxloves Samilis jarebis
agenturuli wyaroebidanac iRebdnen. gamoCenis SemTxvevaSi mosaxleobas jogi sas-
1854 wlis ivnisis damdegs generalma wrafod mdinare alaznis marjvena napirze
levan meliqiSvilma kvlav Semoiara leke- unda gadaereka da Tavi maxloblad mdebare
Tis xazis marcxena flangi da Sesrulebuli aRdgenili cixe-simagreebisaTvis Seefare-
samuSaoTi ukmayofilo darCa. 1854 wlis 18 bina. qoneba, romlis Setana cixe-simagreSi
ivniss generalma meliqiSvilma polkovnik ver moxerxdeboda, miwaSi unda CaeflaT. br-
fon kulmans saidumlo miweriloba gaugza- Zolisunarian mosaxleobas iaraRi unda aesxa
vna, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: da cixe-simagreebi daecva;
1. Crdilo kavkasiaSi Seqmnili viTa- 7. Tu Samilis jarebi ramdenime sofels
rebidan gamomdinare, eWvgareSea, rom Sami- erTdroulad daesxmoda Tavs, saswrafod
li mimdinare wlis zafxulSi aucileblad unda dadgeniliyo, am soflebidan yvelaze
SemoiWreba kaxeTSi. am Semosevis mizani mx- didi Zala romels utevda, radgan yvelaze
olod soflebze Tavdasxma, Zarcva-gleja mZime mdgomareobaSi myof sofels rezervi-
da mosaxleobis daSineba aRar iqneba. ufro dan saWiro daxmareba droulad mieRo;
savaraudoa, rom Samili erTi mTavari mimar- 8. yvela Rone unda exmaraT imisaTvis,
TulebiT Seutevs, jars igi sxva mxareebSic rom Samilis jarebis mTavari mimarTuleba
gagzavnis, magram mxolod imitom, rom Cveni droulad amoecnoT, raTa mowinaaRmdegisaT-
yuradReba gafantos, raTa mTavari dartymis vis Setevis warmatebiT ganviTarebis saSuale-
mimarTuleba ver amovicnoT; ba ar miecaT;
2. Samilis Canafiqri, mTavari darty- 9. Tu ueWvelad dadasturdeboda, rom
mis mimarTuleba ar viciT, ris gamoc gauge- Samili ZiriTadi ZalebiT lekeTis xazis mar-
brobaSi aRmovCndiT. amis Sedegi isaa, rom cxena flangs Seutevda, maSin lekeTis xazis
mowinaaRmdegis gamoCenas nebismier adgilas ufrosi general-maiori levan meliqiSvili
veliT, Zalebi daqsaqsulia, rac Samils gau- marjvnidan Zalebs marcxena flangze ga-
advilebs warmatebiT ganaxorcielos mTavari daisroda. garda amisa, polkovnik fon kul-
Seteva. Samili imoqmedebs uSualod Tavdasx- mans daxmarebas aRmouCenda TuSeTis, fSavisa
mis momentSi Seqmnili konkretuli viTarebi- da xevsureTis okrugebis ufrosi;
dan gamomdinare, mas SeuZlia nebismier dros 10. lekeTis xazis marcxena flangis
Secvalos winaswar Sedgenili gegma; ufrosi polkovniki fon kulmani mzad unda
3. movlenaTa amgvari ganviTarebis Sem- yofiliyo imisaTvis, rom Samilis jarebi Sei-
TxvevaSi lekeTis xazis marcxena flangis Zleboda kaxeTSi TuSeTidan SemoWriliyo.
ufrosi polkovniki fon kulmani mzad unda amrigad, polkovnikma fon kulmanma le-
yofiliyo ara marto daecva marcxena flangi, van meliqiSvilisagan sakmaod dawvrilebiTi
aramed saswrafo daxmareba aRmoeCina kavka- instruqcia miiRo, Tumca misi mTlianad ganx-
sionis mTavari qedis samxreT kalTebidan kax- orcieleba sxvadasxva mizezis gamo ver mox-
eTis barSi Camomaval xeobebSi ganlagebuli erxda.
regularuli jarisa da miliciis saguSagoe- 1854 wlis ivnisis miwurulisaTvis leke-
bisaTvis; Tis xazis marcxena flangze ruseTis regu-
557
laruli jarebi, kaxeTis Tavadebisa da azn- polkovniki kulmani kidev ufro daibna, rode-
aurebis cxenosani aseulebi da qarTuli mi- sac agentebisagan aseTi cnoba miiRo: daniel
liciis aseulebi Semdegnairad iyvnen ganla- bei jariT yaziyumuxSi Cavida da iqidan apir-
gebulni: ebda kaxeTSi SemoWras. erTmaneTis sawinaaR-
1. kaxeTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis mdego cnobebis miRebis Semdeg polkovnikma
cxenosanTa aseulebi kavkasionis samxreT fon kulmanma rezervSi myof Tbilisis eger-
kalTebze Camomaval mTis xeobebSi idgnen da Ta polkis me-3 batalionisa da samegrelos
icavdnen kaxeTis barisaken momaval gzas; egerTa polkis me-3 batalionis meTaurebs,
2. saqarTvelos meTormete saxazo aseve kazakTa aseulebis meTaurebs ubrZana
batalioni sacxeneSi idga da dakavebuli iyo mzad yofiliyvnen nebismieri mimarTulebiT
simagris mSeneblobiT. sacxenisSi idga kaza- gadasasrolad. amasTan erTad, Telavis maz-
kTa 1 aseuli. saxazo batalioni da kazakebi ris yvarlis ubnis mosaxleoba gaafrTxiles,
icavdnen soflebs
soflebs:: axali gavazi
gavazi,, Zveli gavazi
gavazi,, jogi mdinare alaznis marjvena napirze ga-
Wikaani da sanavardo
sanavardo; daerekaT, qoneba gadaemalaT, xolo Tavad
3. samegrelos egerTa polkis me-3 cixe-simagreebisaTvis SeefarebinaT Tavi. fon
batalionis 2 aseuli uSualod yvarlis cixe- kulmanma TuSeTze mosalodneli Tavdasxmis
Si idga, xolo kidev 2 _sofelSi. am 4 aseuls Sesaxeb saswrafod Caayena saqmis kursSi TuS-
yvareli unda daecva mdinareebis dolis gubi- fSav-xevsureTis okrugis ufrosi polkovniki
sa da durujis mxridan; ColoyaSvili,, magram gafrTxileba okrugis
ColoyaSvili
4. qarTuli miliciis 1 razmi (500 mebr- ufrosma yurad ar iRo. ColoyaSvilma mzver-
Zoli) SuamTis xeobaSi sofel xandoSi idga. avebi ar gagzavna kavkasionis mTavari qedis
iTvleboda, rom SuamTis xeoba Samilis jar- CrdiloeT kalTebze, es ki imas niSnavda, rom
ebisaTvis yvelaze Znelad misadgomi adgili Samilis jarebs igi mxolod maSin SeamCnevda,
iyo, miT ufro, rom xeobaSi 2 kargad gamagre- roca isini samxreT kalTebze daSvebas dai-
buli koSki idga. wyebdnen. kavkasionis samxreTi kalTebidan
5. Tbilisis egerTa polkis me-3 batalions kaxeTis barSi gamoWrisaTvis mowinaaRmdeges
2 zarbazniT soflebi: sabus
sabus,, eniseli da gremi sul ramdenime saaTi dasWirdeboda.
unda daecva; Samilis jaris sofel karats misvla naib
6. kazakTa 2 aseuli da qarTuli mili- yara ibrahimis meSveobiT droulad Seityo
ciis 3 aseuli matansa da nafareuls Soris general-maiorma levan meliqiSvilma
meliqiSvilma.. gen-
idga da lopotis xeobidan Telavisaken moma- eralma isic Seityo, rom Samili didoelebs
val gzas icavda. jars sTxovda, xolo anwuxSi mobilizacia ga-
regularuli jaris, kaxeTis Tavadebisa mocxadda. sayuradRebo iyo isic, rom Sami-
da aznaurebis cxenosanTa aseulebis da qar- lis vaJi jariT yaziyumuxSi Cavida. am cno-
Tuli miliciis aseulebis amgvari ganlageba bebis gaanalizebis Semdeg levan meliqiSvili
TiTqos imis garantias iZleoda, rom Tu Sami- im daskvnamde mivida, rom Samili ara TuSe-
lis jarebi daRestnidan kavkasionis qedis Tis, an lopotis xeobis gavliT, aramed War-
samxreT kalTebze Camomavali xeobebiT yva- belaqanidan SemoiWreboda kaxeTSi. es imas
relze an lopotis xeobiT Telavze gamoil- niSnavda, rom ZiriTad dartymas miiRebda ara
aSqrebdnen, kaxeTis soflebi damxmare Zalis lekeTis marcxena, aramed marjvena flangi.
mosvlamde mainc daculi unda yofiliyo. sam- am metad daZabul viTarebaSi Samilma Seityo,
wuxarod, es varaudi ar gamarTlda. rom anwuxis naibi yara ibrahimi da didoelTa
1854 wlis 28 ivniss lekeTis xazis mar- zogierTi mamasaxlisi rusebTan saidumlo
cxena flangis ufrosma polkovnikma mixail kavSirSi imyofebodnen. amis Semdeg Samilma
fon kulmanma agenturuli wyaroebidan miiRo anwuxis naibsa da didoelTa mamasaxlisebs
cnobebi, rom Samili CeCnebisa da lekebis didi jariT sofel karatSi gamocxadeba ubrZana,
ZalebiT ukve sofel karatSi mivida. Samili xolo TviTon maT Sesaxvedrad daiZra. Sex-
didoelTa jarTan erTad TuSeTSi gadmosv- vedra sofel ankatrlSi unda Semdgariyo.
las da Telavze galaSqrebas apirebda. sxva ankatrlSi Sexvedris Semdeg anwuxisa da di-
agenturuli cnobebis mixedviT, Samilis jar- doeli mamasaxlisebis jari Samilma ukanve
ebi Tavs iyridnen anwuxSi, saidanac sacxenis gaabruna, anwuxSi Sesulma ki saswrafod
gavliT kaxeTis baris soflebs Seeseodnen. daapatimra naibi yara ibrahimi da rusebTan
558
vaxtang guruli
kavSirSi SemCneuli didoelTa 2 mamasaxlisi. garSemo arsebuli yvela saguSago da Telavis

Samilis brZanebiT, samives Tavi mohkveTes. Tavadebisa da aznaurebis sakrebulos winamZ-
Samilis mier anwuxis naibisa da didoeli Roli. SildaSi myofma podpolkovnikma daviT
mamasaxlisebis sikvdilis dasjis Semdeg gen- WavWavaZem Samilis jarebis Semosevis Sesaxeb
eral meliqiSvilisa da polkovnik fon kul- cnobis miRebisTanave soflebis mosaxleo-
manisaTvis ucnobi iyo, ra xdeboda kavkasiis bas mouwoda, Tavi SeefarebinaT maxlobeli
mTavar qeds gadaRma, saidan apirebda Samili cixe-siamgreebisaTvis, Tumca yovelgvari mo-
kaxeTSi SemoWras. wodebis miuxedavad Sildisa da yvarlis mo-
1854 wlis 2 ivliss, saRamos 8 saaTze, saxleoba saxlebSi darCa.
ninikascixis mTaze mdebare foxalisTavis foxalisTavis koSkidan xoruJn WavWava-
(yvarlidan CrdiloeTiT, kavkasionis samxreT Zis mier gamogzavnili Setyobineba sulxan
kalTaze) koSkis guSagebma SeniSnes, rom mTa- baraTaSvilis meSveobiT sacxenisis simagreSi
vari qedi gadmolaxes da samxreT kalTe- myofma polkovnikma fon kulmanma 1854 wlis
bze daeSvnen Samilis jari, cxenosnebi da 2-3 ivlisis RamiT, ufro zustad, naSuaRame-
qveiTebi. guSagebma momxdari saswrafod vis 2 saaTze miiRo. fon kulmanma Setyobinebis
Seatyobines saguSagos ufross xorunJ ivane miRebisTanave sagangebo Sikriki gagzavna za-
WavWavaZes,, romelmac 4 milicieli ambis Sesa-
WavWavaZes qaTalaSi myof general levan meliqiSvilTan.
tyobineblad saswrafod gagzavna yvarelSi fon kulmanma gavazSi myof kapitan afxazs
kaxeTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis cxenosani ubrZana soflebis gavazis
gavazis,, Wikaanisa da sana-
razmis meTaur podpolkovnik qobuliSvilT- vardos jogi alaznis marjvena napirze ga-
an.. WavWavaZis mier gagzavnil cnobaSi aRniS-
an daereka. xolo am soflebis SeiaraRebul mo-
nuli iyo, rom mowinaaRmdege didi ZalebiT saxleobas sofel WikaanSi unda moeyara Tavi,
uaxlovdeboda foxalisTavis koSks. WavWava- raTa sacxenis simagrisaken daZruliyvnen.
Zem Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb meore Setyo- kapitani afxazi meTormete saxazo batalio-
bineba gaugzavna sofel SildaSi myof kavka- nis 2 aseuliTa da kazakTa 1 aseuliT 3 ivliss
siis mTavrasardlis adiutants podpolkovnik SuadRis 12 saaTze yvarlisaken daiZra. 2-3 iv-
daviT WavWavaZes
WavWavaZes,, romlis daqvemdebarebaSi lisis Rames didi samuSaoebi Catarda yvarl-
sofel xandoSi ganlagebuli miliciis rezer- is cixis TavdacvisaTvis momzadebis mizniT,
vis didi razmi (500 milicieli) imyofeboda. Tumca Samilis jarebis moZraoba yvarlis
foxalisTavis saguSagodan gagzavnili 4 mil- mimarTulebiT SemCneuli ar yofila.
icieli yvarelSi Ramis 11 saaTze mivida. mil- 1854 wlis 2 ivliss, saRamos 8 saaTze,
icielebma polkovnik qobulovs ganucxades, lekebma ninikascixis mTaze mdebare fox-
rom uamravi qveiTi da cxenosani kavkasionis alisTavis saguSagos Seuties. isini varau-
samxreT kalTebze ori xeobiT _ Sildisa da dobdnen, rom yvarlisaken mimavali gzis
yvarlis xeobebiT eSveboda. Tavadma qobu- gadamRob foxalisTavis saguSagos male dai-
liSvilma Tavad WavWavaZis Setyobineba le- kavebdnen. isini foxalisTavis koSkTan sul
keTis xazis marcxena flangis ufrosis sam- axlos mividnen da garnizons danebeba Ses-
marTvelos kancelariis ufross Tavad sulx- Tavazes. amis sapasuxod koSkidan garnizonma
an baraTaSvils gadasca, romelmac dokumenti Zlieri cecxli gaxsna. Samilis brZanebiT,
dauyonebliv gaugzavna sacxenisis simagreSi foxalisTavis koSks zarbaznebidan yumbarebi
myof polkovnik fon kulmans. imavdroulad, dauSines, magram uSedegod.
baraTaSvilma Samilis jarebis Tavdasxmis Samilma 10.000 qveiTi da cxenosani Ta-
Sesaxeb lekeTis xazis marcxena flangis si- visi vaJiSvilisa yazi muhamedisa da elisus
magreebis ufrosebs, Telavis mazris ufrossa sulTnis daniel beis meTaurobiT Sildis
da yvarelis ubnis ufross Seatyobina. pod- mimarTulebiT gagzavna, xolo 5.000 qveiTiTa
polkovnikma qobuliSvilma yvarlis cixidan da cxenosniT foxalisTavis saguSagosTan
zarbaznis sami sasignalo gasroliT maxlo- dadga. 1854 wlis 3 ivliss lekebi isev Sefer-
beli soflebis mosaxleobas safrTxis moax- xdnen, amJamad _ SuamTis saguSagosTan, ro-
loeba amcno. imavdroulad, qobuliSvilma melic ver daikaves da sofel xandosaken gae-
maior sokolovs ubrZana saswrafod daem- marTnen. xandoSi ganlagebulma qarTulma mi-
Tavrebina yvarlis cixis galavnis aRdgenis liciam podpolkovnik daviT WavWavaZis meTau-
darCenili samuSao, gaefrTxilebina yvarlis robiT sofeli datova da SildaSi gamagrda.
559
xandoSi saSineli tragedia datrialda, le- samegrelos egerTa polkis 2 aseuliTa da 3

kebma sofeli gadawves, mosaxleoba daxoces zarbazniT kaxeTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis
an tyved aiyvanes. xandodan lekebi Sildi- cxenosan razmTan da qarTuli miliciis 2
saken daiZrnen, marTalia, cixe ver aiRes, ma- aseulTan erTad lekebs daedevna. qveiTi ja-
gram dilis 7 saaTidan 11 saaTamde sofeli ris aseulebma da qarTulma miliciam cxenos-
mTlianad gaZarcves da gadawves, cocxlad ani lekebis devna ver SeZles da alazanSi wyl-
gadarCenilebi tyveebad aiyvanes. 11 saaTze is donis momatebis gamo verc meore napirze
lekebi samad gaiyvnen: pirveli nawili tyvee- gadavidnen. daviT WavWavaZem jari SeaCera da
biTa da naZarcviT xandoSi dabrunda; meore lekebis moZraobas daakvirda. male lekebma
nawilma baRebsa da venaxebSi samuSaod gasu- gadawves soflebi: kondoli, kisisxevi, wi-
li WinWrianis, turiscixisa da faSaanis mo- nandali, Salauri da sxv. amis Semdeg lekebi
wvril-wvril razmebad daiSalnen da alaznis
marcxena napirze gadavidnen. 4 ivliss, Se-
bindebisas, lekebis erTma razmma isev scada
gadmosvla alaznis marjvena napirze, magram
daviT WavWavaZis mier mowyobili Casafrebi-
dan gaxsnili cecxlis Semdeg lekebis nawili
mdinarem waiRo, nawilma ki marjvena napirze
gamosvla moaxerxa. aq isini kaxeTis Tavadebi-
sa da aznaurebis miliciis erTma razmma,
romelsac esauli marjaniSvili meTaurobda,
mTlianad gaanadgura. lekebma gadawyvites
mdinare alaznis napirze daviT WavWavaZis mier
mowyobili Casafreba moeSalaT. am mizniT
maT Sildis cixes kidev erTxel Seuties da
podpolkovniki WavWavaZec iZulebuli gaxda,
jari Casafrebidan Sildisaken waeyvana. ala-
znis marjvena napirze WavWavaZem samegrelos
polkis 2 aseuliT kapitani xitrovi datova
da ubrZana, mTeli Rame Tvalyuri edevne-
bina lekebis moZraobisaTvis. xitrovma br-
Zaneba ar Seasrula. man 4 ivliss, saRamos 9
saaTze, saartilerio cecxliT alaznis mar-
cxena napirze lekTa mcire razmi gafanta da
daviT WavWavaZe imave saRamos Sildisaken gaemarTa. xitrovis
aseTma moqmedebam lekebs saSualeba misca 4-5
saxleoba tyved aiyvana; mesame nawili grems, ivlisis RamiT mTeli naZarcvi qoneba alaznis
enisels, naqalaqevsa da Saqrians daesxa Tavs, marjvena napiridan marcxenaze gadaetanaT,
magram, rogorc ki nafareulis mxridan Ta- gadaiyvanes tyveebic.
vad giorgi jorjaZis cxenosani razmis moZ- 1854 wlis 4 ivliss ordRiani brZolebis
raoba SeniSnes, ukuiqcnen. 3 ivliss, saRamos Semdeg lekebma foxalisTavisa da SuamTis sa-
6 saaTze, lekebis razmebma Tavi isev xandoSi guSagoebi daikaves.
moiyares. 1854 wlis 3 ivliss yvarlis cixeSi pod-
1854 wlis 3-4 ivliss RamiT lekebi ute- polkovnik qobuliSvilTan myofi Tavadi
vdnen Sildis cixes, magram uSedegod. am sulxan baraTaSvili samegrelos egerTa pol-
droisaTvis cixeSi 3 zarbazniT qveiTi jaris kis kapitanma xandamirovma gaixmo da acnoba,
6 aseuli da 500 milicieli idga. warumate- rom utyuari cnobebis mixedviT 3 ivliss dil-
beli ieriSebis Semdeg yazi muhamedma da dan- iT, Samilis jarebma sofeli Silda daikaves
iel beim 4 ivlisis dilis 6 saaTze xandodan da gadawves. polkovniki qobuliSvili same-
da Sildidan alaznis marjvena napirze gagza- grelos polkis 1 aseuliT saswrafod sofel
vnes mTeli kavaleria. podpolkovniki daviT Sildisaken gaemarTa, xolo sulxan bara-
WavWavaZe Tbilisis egerTa polkis 3 aseuliT, TaSvilma Setyobineba gaugzavna polkovnik
560
vaxtang guruli
fon kulmans. sofel yvarelSi misul sulx- WavWavaZes SildaSi tyvia-wamali gaugzavna,
an baraTaSvils daudastures, rom Samilis magram 1854 wlis 3 ivliss gvian RamiT yva-
jarebs sofeli Silda marTlac daekavebina relSi dabrunebulma kazakebma general levan
da gadeawva. yvarlis cixeSi dabrunebulma meliqiSvils acnobes, rom sofeli Silda gad-
baraTaSvilma Seityo, rom Sildisaken mima- amwvari, xolo Sildasa da yvarels Soris kav-
val podpolkovnik qobuliSvils Samilis ja- Siri gawyvetili iyo. kazakebma aseve moitanes
ris Zlieri razmi (2.000 mebrZoli) Sexvedria, ambavi, rom soflebi: faSaani, turiscixe,
turiscixe,
1 aseuliT qobuliSvils brZolaSi Camba ver sabue, gremi da eniseli aseve gadawves lekeb-
gaubedavs da yvarlis cixeSi dabrunebula. ma. generalma meliqiSvilma podpolkovniki
1854 wlis 3 ivliss, dRis 2 saaTze, sulx- qobuliSvili qveiTTa 2 aseuliT da 1 zarba-
an baraTaSvilma mixail fon kulmanisagan mi- zniT podpolkovnik daviT WavWavaZis dasax-
iRo cnoba, rom igi sacxenedan gamovida da
podpolkovnik qobuliSvils ubrZanebda, rom
sofel yvarelSi ganlagebuli samegrelos
egerTa polkis 2 aseuliTa da yvarlis cixis
garnizonis 1 zarbazniT masTan erTad sofel
Sildis dasaxmareblad daZruliyo. qobuliS-
vili maSinve daiZra Sildisaken. daaxloebiT
naxevari saaTis Semdeg sofel yvarelidan
yvarlis cixeSi Seatyobines, rom Silda-
yvarlis gzaze Samilis jaris razmi gamoCnda.
baraTaSvilma saswrafo Setyobineba gaugza-
vna qobuliSvils, magram am droisaTvis Sil-
dis misadgomebTan mowinaaRmdegem qobuliS-
vils Zlieri cecxli gauxsna, ris Semdegac
igi yvarlis cixeSi dabrunda.
1854 wlis 3 ivlisis saRamos 5 saaTze
yvarlis axlos mTaze Samilis jarma banaki
moawyo. yvarlis cixidan SeuiaraRebeli Tval-
iTac ki kargad moCanda 60 karavi. SildaSi
datrialebuli ubedurebis Sesaxeb yvarelSi
mxolod 3 ivliss gvian RamiT Seityves. leke-
Tis xazis marcxena flangis ufrosi polkovni-
ki mixail fon kulmani podpolkovnik daviT
WavWavaZis im moxsenebas gaecno, romelic levan meliqiSvili
WavWavaZem qobuliSvils gaugzavna. moxseneba
daviT WavWavaZes 1854 wlis 3 ivliss 12 saaTsa mareblad gagzavna. imavdroulad, meliqiS-
da 30 wuTze dausrulebia. masSi aRniSnuli vilma TuS-fSav-xevsureTis okrugis ufross
iyo: ColoyaSvils ubrZana, rom TianeTidan kaxeTSi
1. 1854 wlis 3 ivliss, dilis 7 saaTze, swrafi marSiT gamoegzavna navaginskis qveiT-
sofel Sildas Seuties, brZola grZeldeboda Ta polkis me-4 batalioni, romelic lekeTis
11 saaTamde. mowinaaRmdeges cocxali Zalis xazis marcxena flangis rezervs warmoadgen-
mxriv didi upiratesoba hqonda. sofelze da. 4 ivliss diliT generalma meliqiSvilma
Tavdasxmisas lekebma tyved aiyvanes ramden- Setyobineba gaugzavna da miliciis ZaliT dax-
ime qali da bavSvi; mareba sTxova siRnaRis mazris ufross, xolo
2. 3 ivliss, 12 saaTze, Samilis jaris cx- yaraRajSi mdgar niJni novgorodis dragunTa
enosnebi sofel eniselisaken daiZrnen, ris polkis meTaurs polkis 2 divizionis ZalebiT
gamoc daviT WavWavaZem Sildidan 150 mebr- mdinare alaznis marjvena napiris gayolebiT
Zoli eniselSi gagzavna; TelavSi Casvla ubrZana.
3. Txovnis miuxedavad Sildisa da enise- 1854 wlis 4 ivliss polkovnikma fon
lis dasacavad damxmare Zala ar gamoCenila. kulmanma podpolkovnik daviT WavWavaZisagan
polkovnikma fon kulmanma daviT werili miiRo, podpolkovniki werda:
561
1. 3 ivliss lekebma sofel Siladadan dragunebs iqidan gamosvlis saSualebas ar

xandosaken daixies, magram didi raodeno- aZlevdnen. cxadia, yovelive aman fon kulmani
biT maTi qveiTi jari da cxenosnebi kvlavac mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. cxenosanTa raz-
sofelSi imyofeba; mis gagzavnis nacvlad siRnaRis razmis ufro-
2. Cems gankargulebaSi imyofeba samegre- si ityobineboda, rom siRnaRTan Samilis ja-
los egerTa polkis 2 aseuli, Tbilisis eger- ris cxenosnebi da qveiTebi gamoCeniliyvnen
Ta polkis 2 batalioni da 400 milicieli, da daxmarebas iqiT iTxovda.
romelTagan Sildidan gasvlis SemTxvevaSi, 1854 wlis 4 ivlisis diliT polkovnikma
100 milicieli aucileblad unda darCes cix- fonma kulmanma sulxan baraTaSvils ubrZana,
is dasacavad. Seemowmebina, mzad iyo Tu ara sofeli yva-
3. Cemdami daqvemdebarebuli jari Tu ar reli TavdacvisaTvis. adgilze misul bara-
gaZlierdeba, kaxeTs udidesi ziani miadgeba, TaSvils yvarlis ubnis msajulma moaxsena,
amasTan erTad, kavaleriis gareSe mowinaaR- lekebma alaznis marjvena napiris soflebi
mdegesTan brZola SeuZlebelia, radgan le- gadawveso. cxadi gaxda, rom lekebma Sildis
kebis mTavar Zalas swored kavaleria war- akleba ar ikmares da alaznis marjvena na-
moadgens; pirze mdebare soflebis darbeva daiwyes. 4
polkovnik fon kulmans eWvic ar epare- ivliss, Ramis 12 saaTze, fon kulmanma Sildis
boda, rom 1854 wlis 4-5 ivliss RamiT le- cixidan podpolkovnik qobuliSvilis werili
keTis xazis jarebis dasaxmareblad mividoda miiRo. qobuliSvili werda: 4 ivliss, diliT
dragunTa 2 divizioni da cxenosanTa razmi 9 saaTze, Tbilisis egerTa polkis 3 aseuliT,
siRnaRidan. amitom iyo, rom 4-5 ivlissave miliciis 2 aseuliTa da 2 zarbazniT alaznis
man daviT WavWavaZes acnoba, rom mis dasax- marjvena napirze gadasul lekebis kavale-
mareblad mzad iyo Tbilisis egerTa pol- rias davedevne, magram mdinare modidebuli
kis 1 batalioni, samegrelos egerTa polkis iyo da marjvena napirze gadasvla ver mox-
2 aseuli, kaxeTis Tavadebisa da aznaurebis erxdao; podpolkovniki daviT WavWavaZe aseve
cxenosanTa razmi da 400 mebrZoli kaxeTis ver gadavida alaznis marjvena napirze, mar-
miliciis rezervidan. amasTan erTad, fon cxena napirze Casafrda da lekebis ukan da-
kulmani dananebiT aRniSnavda, rom WavWavaZes brunebas daeloda; WavWavaZis jariskacebma
kavaleriiT ver daexmareboda. fon kulmani da milicielebma ukan mobrunebul lekebs
aseve sTxovda, 4 ivlisis RamiT swrafi mar- Zlieri cecxli gauxsnes da 40 maTgani daxo-
SiT daZruliyo yvarelsa da Sildas Soris ces; WavWavaZe da qobuliSvili swrafi marSiT
mdinare kuiwyaros napiras arsebuli saguSa- gaemarTnen Sildisaken, lekebi daamarcxes,
gosaken. WavWavaZes Sildis cixeSi adgilo- Tumca maT baRebsa da venaxebs Seafares Tavi
brivi mosaxleobisgan Semdgari razmis garda iqidan ganagrZobdnen srolas. qobuliS-
da, unda daetovebina kidev 100 milicieli. vili fon kulmans atyobinebda, rom mas da
RamiT kuiswyaros saguSagoze daviT WavWava- WavWavaZes tyvia-wamlis maragi gauTavdaT.
Zis razms kazakTa 1 aseuliTa da 1 zarbazniT qobuliSvilis werilis gacnobis Semdeg
fon kulmani SeuerTdeboda. gaerTianebis fon kulmans kidev hqonda imedi, rom igi le-
Semdeg WavWavaZesa da fon kulmans Semdgomi keTis xazis marjvena flangis jarebidan dax-
moqmedebis gegma unda daesaxaT. marebas miiRebda. nacvlad amisa, 1854 wlis
polkovnikma mixail fon kulmanma da- 5 ivliss, gamTeniisas, man zaqaTalaSi myofi
napirebi daxmareba ver miiRo: TuS-fSav-xev- lekeTis xazis ufros general-maior le-
sureTis okrugis ufrosma Tavadma ColoyaS- van meliqiSvilisagan sruliad moulodneli
vilma fon kulmans acnoba, rom proviantis cnoba miiRo. 4 ivliss daweril SetyobinebaSi
uqonlobis gamo ver ugzavnida TianeTSi gan- generali aRniSnavda, rom mas fon kulmanisa-
lagebul navaginskis polkis me-4 batalions; gan kaxeTze Samilis jarebis Tavdasxmis Ses-
siRnaRis mazris ufrosi ityobineboda, rom axeb gagzavnili moxseneba saerTod ar miuRia.
mdinare alaznis marcxena napirze Samilis meliqiSvili werda, rom man agenturuli wy-
jaris gamoCenis gamo fon kulmans ver ugza- aroebidan mxolod 4 ivliss saRamos Seityo,
vnida cxenosanTa sarezervo razms; dragun- Samili didi jariT barab-maidnis mTaze
Ta 2 divizioni yvarelSi ver mivida, radgan (yvarlidan CrdiloeTiT, ninikascixis mTaze
lekebma zaqaTalis cixes alya Semoartyes da mdebare foxalisTavis saguSagodan axlos)
562
vaxtang guruli
idga da TuSeTis gavliT kaxeTSi apirebda daviT WavWavaZis meuRle, 28 wlis;

SeWras. generali aRniSnavda, rom mas sarw- 2. TinaTin (Tinia) orbeliani,
orbeliani, giorgi or-
munod ar miaCnda TuSeTis mxridan kaxeTSi belianis qvrivi, aleqsandre garsevanis Ze
Samilis jarebis SeWra, radgan lekeTis xazis WavWavaZis biZaSvili, 74 wlis;
marcxena flangis simagreebis mimarTulebiT 3. daviTisa da anas Svilebi:
Svilebi: salome(6
Samilis jarebis aqtiuroba ar SeiniSneboda, wlis), mariami(5 wlis), Tamari (3 wlis), ale-
rac mTavaria, barab-maidnis mTaze lekebis qsandre(1 wlis), lidia (Cvili). daviTisa da
Tavmoyras ar adasturebda foxalisTavis sa- anas kidev erTi Svili elene(4 wlis) mamidas-
guSagos ufrosi. Tan, samegrelos dedofal ekaterinesTan, hy-
Sildis cixeSi gamagrebuli regularuli avda wayvanili meore mamidas, ninos.
jari da qarTuli milicia umZimes viTarebaSi 4. barbare ilias asuli orbeliani-bagra-
aRmoCndnen, Svela arsaidan Canda. 1854 wlis 5 tioni, general ilia orbelianis qvrivi, da-
ivniss yvarelSi myof polkovnik fon kulmans viT WavWavaZis meuRlis, anas, umcrosi da, 27
acnobes, rom dasaxmareblad podpolkovnik wlis;
barkovskis meTaurobiT modioda general 5. giorgi orbeliani,
orbeliani, ilia orbelianisa
meliqiSvilis mier zaqaTalidan gamogzavnili da barbare orbeliani-bagrationis vaJi, 6
niJni novgorodis dragunTa polkis 2 di- Tvis;
vizioni da donis kazakTa polkis 4 aseuli ar- 6. nino baraTaSvili,
baraTaSvili, ilia orbelianis na-
tileriiT. 5 ivliss, SuadRisas podpolkovni- Tesavi, 18 wlis;
ki barkovski ukve mdinare durujis napiras 7. dranse
dranse,, daviT WavWavaZis Svilebis aR-
idga. fon kulmanma yvarlis cixis garnizoni- mzrdeli frangi qali, 31 wlis;
dan samegrelos egerTa polkis 1 aseuli da 8. darejan gamyreliZe,
gamyreliZe, daviT WavWavaZis
qarTuli miliciis 1 aseuli gamoiyvana da kaxeTis mamulebis mourav praporSCik merab
podpolkovnik barkovskisTan SesaerTeblad gamyreliZis meuRle;
daiZra. gzaSi mas SeuerTdnen praporSCik da- 9. axverdovi
axverdovi,, gadamdgari Stabs-kapitani,
viT WavWavaZisa da kapitan afxazis mier Sekre- 50 wlis;
bili adgilobrivi mosaxleobis razmebi. ase 10. marine
marine,, WavWavaZeTa 3 Taobis ZiZa, 97
rom, polkovnik fon kulmanis, podpolkovnik wlis;
barkovskis, praporSCik WavWavaZisa da kapi- 11. 12 Sinamosamsaxure da kidev 1 biWi.
tan afxazis Zalebis gaerTianebis Semdeg fon imave Rames tyveebi winandlidan foxal-
kulmanis daqvemdebarebaSi aRmoCnda 2.000 me- isTavis koSkSi aiyvanes, saidanac momqancveli
brZoli 4 zarbazniT. 5 ivliss, naSuadRevis 3 mgzavrobis Semdeg CeCneTSi, aul dargo-vede-
saaTsa da 30 wuTze, fon kulmani Sildisaken noSi miiyvanes. winandlidan foxalisTavisken
daiZra. Sildis cixis win mdebare gorakidan mimaval gzaze SemTxveviT daiRupa Cvili lid-
lekebma cecxli gaxsnes, magram sapasuxo ce- ia,, xolo gamtaceblebTan rusebis razmis Se-
ia
cxlis Semdeg swrafad gaifantnen. saRamos 7 jaxebisas mokles darejan gamyreliZe
gamyreliZe..
saaTisaTvis Silda ganTavisuflda. Sildidan 1854 wlis 5 ivlisi ise daRamda, rom
fon kulmanma SeniSna, rom sofel xandoSi lekebs aqtiuroba ar gamouCeniaT, Tumca
didi moZraoba iyo. lekebi gasaqcevad emza- SuaRamisas kidev erTxel Seuties Sildas Sildas..
debodnen. Sildis gaTavisuflebiT mogvrili regularulma jarma da qarTulma miliciam
sixaruli gaaqarwyla cnobam imis Sesaxeb, rom lekebi Zlieri cecxliT ukuagdes. 6 ivliss,
winandalSi podpolkovnik daviT WavWavaZis gamTeniisas, Catarebuli dazverviT dadgin-
ojaxi lekebsa da CeCnebs daetyvevebinaT. da, rom Samilis jarebi arc Sildis da arc
1854 wlis 3-4 ivliss RamiT, rogorc ze- xandos SemogarenSi aRar imyofebodnen. 6 iv-
moT aRvniSneT, Samilis molaSqreebma, lekebi- liss lekebma foxalisTavis saguSagoc dato-
sa da CeCnebis razmma, winandlidan gaitaces ves, Tumca kavkasiis mTavari qedis CrdiloeT
podpolkovnik daviT aleqsandres Ze WavWava- ferdobze ar gadasulan. rogorc Cans, Samili
Zisa da general ilia dimitris Ze orbelianis yvarlis cixeze Tavdasxmas gegmavda. 6 ivliss,
ojaxis wevrebi. maT garda, kidev gatacebuli saRamos, yvarelTan axlos banaki dasca regu-
iqna ramdenime adamiani, sul 22 mamakaci, qali laruli jaris 4,5 batalionma, romelsac gen-
da bavSvi: eral-maiori levan meliqiSvili meTaurobda.
1. ana ilias asuli WavWavaZe_bagrationi,
WavWavaZe_bagrationi, Samils, rogorc Cans, yvarelTan axali jaris
563
gamoCena ar gamohparvia. igi foxalisTavis 1854 wlis zafxulSi inglisi da safrangeTi

saguSagosdan CrdiloeTiT kidev 4 dRe idga. mTavari dartymis mimarTulebis gansazRvras
generalma meliqiSvilma zedmeti msxverplis cdilobdnen. inglisi Savi zRvis sanapiroze
Tavidan asacileblad mowinaaRmdeges ar Seu- desantis gadasxmis momxre iyo, ris Semdegac
tia. 1854 wlis 10 ivliss Samilma saqarTvelos inglisis, safrangeTisa da osmaleTis jar-
teritoria ubrZolvelad datova. ebs imam Samilis jarebi unda SeerTeboda,
winandlidan gatacebulTa tyveobidan ris Semdegac samxreT kavkasiidan ruseTis
gaTavisufleba maSinve ver moxerxda. daviT gaZeveba igegmeboda. inglisis gegma miuRebe-
WavWavaZem Samilis mier moTxovnili gamo- li aRmoCnda safrangeTisaTvis. bolos moka-
sasyidi Tanxa droulad ver Seagrova. bolos vSireebi SeTanxmdnen da 1854 wlis agvistoSi
molaparakeba imiT damTavrda, rom Samilma yirimis naxevarkunZulisa da ruseTis umniS-
gamosasyidi Seamcira, magram ruseTSi mZevlad vnelovanesi samxedro-sazRvao bazis, sevas-
myofi Svilis, jemal ed dinis,
dinis, gaTavisufleba topolis,, dakavebis mizniT daiwyes sabrZolo
topolis
moiTxova. ruseTis xelisufleba dasTanxmda moqmedeba. 1854 wlis seqtemberSi inglis-saf-
da 1855 wlis 9 marts daviT WavWavaZis ojaxi rangeT-osmaleTis jarebi (70.000 oficeri da
da sxva gatacebulebi gaTavisufldnen da jariskaci) evpatoriis raionSi, yirimis nax-
samSoblosaken gamoemarTnen. evarkunZulze, gadasxdnen da sevastopols
Samilis jarebis SemoWras kaxeTSi moumza- Seuties. yirimSi ruseTis jarebis mTavarsar-
debeli daxvda rogorc lekeTis xazi, ise misi dalma aleqsandr menSikovma mokavSireebs mdi-
marcxena flangi. xazze arsebuli saguSageoe- nare almaze gaumarTa brZola, magram damar-
bisa da simagreebis nawili moumzadebeli cxda da baRCisaraisaken daixia ukan, riTac
iyo TavdacvisaTvis, arasakmarisi iyo regu- bedis anabara datova sevastopoli. sevas-
laruli jarebi, ris gamoc mTel imeds qar- topolis dacvis saqmes saTaveSi Caudgnen
Tul miliciaze amyarebdnen. Samilis jarebis admiralebi vladimir kornilovi da pavel
Semosevidan maleve ver moxerxda damatebiTi naximovi.. yirimis naxevarkunZulze gadmosxda
naximovi
Zalebis gadasrola kaxeTSi, soflebis abso- inglisis, safrangeTisa da sardiniis jarebi,
luturi umravlesoba sruliad daucveli aR- sul 170.000 oficeri da jariskaci. 1854 wlis
moCnda. yovelive amiT iyo ganpirobebuli is, oqtomberSi daiwyo sevastopolisaTvis alyis
rom lekebma uamravi sofeli jer gaZarcves, Semortymis operacia. garnizonma alyas 11 Tve
Semdeg gadawves, xolo cocxlad gadarCenili gauZlo, ris Semdegac qalaqi daeca. yirimis
mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili tyved ai- naxevarkunZulze warumatebeli sabrZolo mo-
yvanes. qmedebebis paralelurad samxreT kavkasiaSi,
kerZod, saqarTveloSi, ruseTis regularuli
jari da qarTuli milicia osmaleTis jarebis
winaaRmdeg awarmoebda mZime brZolebs.
§4. omer faSas samxedro eqspedicia saqarT- 1854 wlis 19 oqtombers piradi Txovnis
veloSi safuZevelze imperatorma nikolai I-ma kavka-
siis mefisnacvali mixail voroncovi Tanam-
1854 wlis aprilSi, rogorc aRvniSneT,
debobidan gaaTavisufla. kavkasiis mefis-
xelmowerili iqna ruseTis winaaRmdeg mimar-
nacvali gaxda general-adiutanti nikolai
Tuli inglis-safrangeTis konvencia. inglis-
muraviovi (1854-1856).
safrangeTis floti peterburgTan gamoCnda
1. omer faSas korpusis gadmosxma saqarT-
da baltiis zRvis sanapiroebis blokireba
veloSi da osmalTa samxedro-strategiuli
daiwyo. 1854 wlis zafxulSi inglis-safr-
gegmebi. 1854 wlis agvistos miwuruls Tbil-
angeTis flotma desanti gadasxa da bulga-
isamde moaRwia xmebma, rom mokavSireebi Savi
reTis qalaqi varna daikava. imavdroulad,
zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroebze didi sae-
avstriis ultimatumis Semdeg ruseTi iZule-
qspedicio korpusis gadmosxmas apirebdnen.
buli gaxda, dunais samTavroebidan (vlaxeTi,
am saeqspedicio korpusis sardlad omer
moldova) jarebi gamoeyvana. es teritoria
liufti faSa dainiSna. igi erovnebiT serbi
dauyovnebliv daikava avstriis armiam. dunais
iyo, misi namdvili saxeli da gvaria mixailo
samTavroebidan jarebis gamoyvaniT ruseTma
latasi.. 1834-1868 wlebSi msaxurobda osma-
latasi
samxedro-strategiuli iniciativa dakarga
leTis armiaSi, sruliad axalgazrdam miiRo
da ommac ukve TavdacviTi xasiaTi miiRo.
564
vaxtang guruli
muSiris(marSlis)samxedro wodeba. gegmiT, jarebi redut-kaleSi unda gadmoesxa,

1855 wlis seqtemberSi osmalTa desanti magram redut-kales nacvlad es operacia
baTumSi gadmosxda, saidanac jarebis nawili man baTumSi daiwyo, riTac garkveulwilad
soxumisaken gaigzavna. oqtomberSi soxumSi gaamxneva yarsis garnizoni. ufro metic, ba-
Cavida saeqspedicio jarebis sardali omer TumTan dabanakebul osmaleTis jars omer
faSa. 1855 wlis noemberSi omer faSa 55.000 faSam gamoucxada, rom igi umoklesi gziT
mebrZoliT afxazeTidan samegrelos saz- yarsis garnizonis misaSveleblad apirebda
Rvrebisaken daiZra. misi SemoWra saqarT- galaSqrebas. yarsis damcvelebs omer faSam
velos teritoriaze moulodneli ar iyo ka- Seatyobina, rom 20 dReSi maT dasaxmereblad
vkasiis korpusis sardlobisaTvis. TbilisSi mividoda. faSas moqmedebam yarsis garnizoni
cnobebi hqondaT, rom yarsis cixe-simagreze marTlac gaamxneva, magram namdvili sixaruli
ewviaT, rodesac 1855 wlis 12 seqtembers sev-
astopolis dacema Seityves. yarsTan mdgarma
kavkasiis mefisnacvalma nikolai muraviovma
Seqmnili viTarebis analizis Semdeg daaskvna:
omer faSa yarsis garnizonis gamxnevebas rom
cdilobda, sinamdvileSi afxazeTidan same-
greloSi apirebda SeWras. am swori daskvnis
Semdeg muraviovma meore daskvnac gaakeTa:
ruseTis jars Zlieri SeteviT saswrafod
unda aeRo yarsi da Semdeg mTeli Zalebi
guriis, samegrelosa da afxazeTis terito-
riaze gadaesrola. am SemTxvevaSi omer faSa
umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeboda. movle-
nebi ise ar ganviTarda, rogorc muraviovi
varaudobda: yarsis swrafad dakavebis gegma
ver ganxorcielda. 1855 wlis 17 seqtembers
rusebma yarsze didi Seteva daiwyes, garni-
zoni medgrad icavda Tavs, rusebma am dRes
daaxloebiT 11.000 jariskaci da oficeri da-
karges, maT Soris generali kovalevski, ma-
gram yarsi mainc ver aiRes. yarsis alya gaWi-
anurda, ramac omer faSas saSualeba misca,
warmatebebi moepovebina afxazeTSi, samegre-
losa da imereTSi.
general nikolai muraviovis yarsTan
warumateblobam mZime mdgomareobaSi Caag-
omer faSa do afxazeTi, samegrelo da imereTi. guriis
razmi imdenad mcirericxovani iyo, rom omer
nikolai muraviovis Setevam osmaleTSi didi faSas korpusis Semotevas ver SeaCerebda.
SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia. erTi versiiT, omer fa- razmis raodenobis mniSvnelovnad gazrda
Sas eqspediciis upirvelesi mizani yarsis ga- ki yarsis aRebamde SeuZlebeli iyo. ase aR-
darCena iyo: nikolai muraviovs yarsisaTvis moCnda generali ivane bagration-muxrans-
brZolebi unda Seewyvita da jarebi Savi zRvis ki guriis razmiT mravalricxovani mtris
aRmosavleT sanapiroze (guriasa da samegre- pirispir. guriis razmis Stabis ufrosi
loSi) gadmoeyvana. am mosazrebas ar eTanxme- polkovniki piotr uslari amtkicebda, rom
boda guriis razmis meTauri general-maiori omer faSas yarsis garnizonisaTvis realuri
ivane bagration-muxranski.
bagration-muxranski. misi azriT, Tu daxmarebis aRmoCena arasdros survebia. us-
omer faSas mizani yarsis gadarCena iyo, igi laris azriT, 1855 wlis gviani Semodgomi-
pirdapir yarsis an axalcixisaken daiZreboda. dan zamTris dadgomamde omer faSa samegre-
rogorc Cans, generali bagration- muxranski los, guriisa da imereTis nawilis dakavebas
mTlad swori ar iyo, omer faSas Tavdapirveli Tu SeZlebda. amis Semdeg omer faSas yarsis
565
garnizonis daxmarebis didi survilic rom nizonebi. baTumsa da qobuleTSi ganlagda

hqonoda, 1855-1856 wlebis zamTari aqve unda mustafa faSas sakmaod Zlieri korpusi. mus-
gaetarebina da yarsisaken mxolod 1856 wlis tafa faSas nabrZanebi hqonda guria-aWaris
gazafxulze gaelaSqra. polkovnik uslaris sazRvarze wvril-wvrili Sejaxebebis mowyo-
mosazreba movlenaTa ganviTarebam savsebiT biT guriis razmisa da miliciis yuradReba
daadastura, mcire koreqtivi masSi 1855 wlis miepyro. omer faSas Setevis dawyebisTanave
noemberSi nikolai muraviovis mier yarsis mustafa faSa guriaSi unda SeWriliyo, rion-
cixis dakavebam Seitana. amde mieRwia da omer faSas SeerTeboda, raTa
teritoria, romlis dakavebasac omer erToblivi ZalebiT daekavebinaT quTaisi.
faSa apirebda, im drois oficialur doku- osmalebi cdilobdnen guriisa da same-
mentebSi `rionis
`rionis mxared~
mxared iwodeboda. rionis grelos gavleniani Tavadebis gadabirebas.
mxare Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdinare enguramde
vrceldeboda. samxreTiT _ guria-aWaris mTe-
bamde, aRmosavleTiT _ lixis qedamde. mdin-
are rioni am teritorias sam nawilad yofda:
guriad, samegrelod da imereTad. imereTs
eWira mTeli sivrce mdinare cxeniswylis aR-
mosavleTiT lixis mTamde. rionis mxares es-
azRvreboda samurzayano da svaneTi. SeteviTi
sabrZolo moqmedebebis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi
omer faSas SeeZlo Saragzebis Semdegi qse-
li gamoeyenebina: 1. mdinare engurze sofel
ruxidan quTaisisaken ori gza midioda, erTi
_ zugdidis, xeTasa da marnis gavliT; meore
_ xobisa da ozurgeTis gavliT; 2. Savi zRvis
sanapiroze osmalebis xelSi arsebuli si-
magreebidan osmalebs SeeZloT redut-kales
(yulevis)) gavliT emoZravaT. redut-kalesTan
(yulevis
dawyebuli gza xeTasTan uerTdeboda zemox-
senebul ruxi-zugdidi-marnis gzas. redut-
kale-xeTas damakavSirebeli gza viwro da
jaris gadaadgilebisaTvis mouxerxebeli
iyo. Savi zRvis sanapirodan aRmosavleTi- nikolai muraviovi
saken mimavali danarCeni gzebi romelime pun-
qtSi zugdid-quTaisis mTavar safosto gzas osmalTa gegmebis CaSlaSi didi roli Seasru-
uerTdeboda; 3. guriis samazro centr ozur- la guriis miliciis ufrosma mamia gurielma.
gurielma.
geTidan quTaisisaken ori gza midioda: erTi omer faSa 1855 wlis seqtemberSive daukav-
lanCxuTiT,, meore _ CoxatauriT
lanCxuTiT CoxatauriT,, rionis mar- Sirda afxazeTis mTavris, mixeil ServaSiZis,
cxena napirze orive zugdid-quTaisis safos- Zmebs dimitrisa da grigols
grigols.. omer faSam
to gzas uerTdeboda. Savi zRvis sanapiro- icoda, rom Zmebs uTanxmoeba hqondaT afxaze-
dan quTaisis mimarTulebiT Setevis dawyebas Tis mTavarTan da cdilobda, amiT esargebla.
omer faSas uadvilebda is, rom 1854 wlis dimitri da grigol ServaSiZeebi osmaleTis
gazafxulze kavkasiis korpusis sardlobam sardlis intrigebs ar ahyvnen. omer faSam
Savi zRvis sanapiroze wm.nikolozis simagri- samegrelos dedoflis, ekaterine WavWava-
dan (SekveTilidan) anapamde yvela simagre Zis mimxrobac scada, magram aqac xeli moe-
dacala. Savi zRvis sanapiro dacvis sistemam cara. dedofalma omer faSas pasuxic ki ar
funqcionireba Sewyvita. 1855 wlis seqtem- aRirsa. samegrelos dedoflis mtkice pozi-
bris meore naxevridan soxumSi omer faSas ciis Sesaxeb quTaisis samxedro gubernatorma
korpusSi Semavali jarebis Tavmoyris para- polkovnikma nikolai koliubakinma ramden-
lelurad osmaleTis sardlobam Savi zRvis jerme moaxsena peterburgs. guriis, samegre-
sanapiroze arsebuli simagreebis gaZliereba losa da imereTis gavleniani adamianebis gad-
daiwyo, maTSi Seiyvanes brZolisunariani gar- abirebis gegma rom CaiSleboda, es adreve iwi-
566
vaxtang guruli
naswarmetyvela mixail voroncovma. kavkasiis batalioni 2 samTo zarbazniT. iqve iyo gan-
momavali mefisnacvlis, aleqsandr bariatin- lagebuli miliciis ramdenime aseuli. xor-
skisaTvis, gagzavnil werilSi igi aRniSnavda: gasTan mdgari razmis meTaurad polkovniki
`rac Seexeba mtris gadmosxmas samegreloSi bibikovi dainiSna.
da laSqrobas quTaisis gavliT Tbilisisaken, 4. enguris gaswvriv, sofel ruxamde, 26
aseTi saSiSroeba safuZvels moklebulia, Tu versis sigrZeze ganlagebuli iyo regularu-
mtrebi moiwadineben amis wamowyebas, Zvirad li jaris 8,3 batalioni, kazakTa 11 aseuli
daujdebaT. isini veraviTar warmatebas ver da qarTuli miliciis Zlieri razmebi (5.000
moipoveben, gansakuTrebiT, roca dainaxaven, mebrZoli).
rom am tomebis ajanyeba maT sasargeblod 5. sofel xeTasTan idga specialuri dan-
sruli miqarvaa... SeiZleba imedi viqonioT, iSnulebis (mekavSireTa) 3 aseuli, romlis
rom Cveni mtrebis iluziebi, viTomda Cvens movaleobas jarebis moqmedebis koordinire-
sisusteze am mxareSi da gansakuTrebiT adgi- ba Seadgenda.
lobrivi mosaxleobis Cvendami viTomda cudi sul general-maior ivane bagration-
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, maT did usiamovne- muxranskis eqvemdebareboda: regularuli ja-
basa da imedis gacruebas moutans.~ ris 9.000 oficeri da jariskaci, 700 kazaki,
afxazeTSi, guriasa da samegreloSi xe- 10.000 milicieli. guriis razms SeiaraRebaze
lis mocarvis Semdeg omer faSas imam Samilis gaaCnda 28 zarbazani.
imediRa darCa. man saswrafod mouxmo Ta- 3. enguris brZola.
brZola. 1855 wlis oqtombris
visTan Samilis uaxloes TanamebrZol muhamed pirvel ricxvebSi omer faSa afxazeTidan
emins.. omer faSam sulTnis saxeliT muhamed
emins samegrelosaken daiZra. soxumidan enguramde
emini CerqezTa yvela tomis mmarTvelad dan- 70 versis gavlas osmalebma 16 dRe moandomes.
iSna da Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiis mTielTa 1855 wlis 25 oqtombrisaTvis enguris Tavdac-
gaerTianebuli jaris sardlad gamoacxada. vis zRudeze jarebis ganlagebam oqtombris
2. kavkasiis korpusis sardlobis Tav- damdegis Semdeg garkveuli cvlileba ganica-
dacviTi gegma. 1855 wlis oqtombris dam- da da ase gamoiyureboda: 1. ruxis TavdacviTi
degisaTvis kavkasiis korpusis sardlobam zRude ketavda zugdidisa da caiSisaken mima-
omer faSas Semotevis SesaCereblad Tav- val gzas. am zRudis dacvas didi mniSvneloba
dacviTi gegma SeimuSava: eniWeboda, radgan misi gadalaxvis SemTxveva-
1. guriis, ufro zustad, guriaSi gamava- Si osmalebs SeeZloT guriis razmis zurgSi
li komunikaciebis, dasacavad mobilizebuli gasvla. ruxis TavdacviTi zRude Cabarebuli
iqna regularuli jaris 5 batalioni 6 zarba- hqonda general-maior Tavad konstantine da-
zniT. es samxedro SenaerTi gamoyves guriis dians,, romlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo litvis
dians
razmidan da calke razmad Camoyalibda, rom- egerTa polkis 2 batalioni, Savi zRvis meaTe
lis meTaurad general-maiori andrei bruneri saxazo batalioni, soxumis garnizonis samTo
dainiSna. general bruners eqvemdebareboda zarbaznebis divizioni, donis kazakTa me-11
aWara-guriis sazRvris gaswvriv ganlagebuli polkis 3 aseuli da samegrelos cxenosanTa
guriis milicia, imereTisa da samegrelos cx- miliciis 2 aseuli. garda amisa, samegrelos
enosani miliciis razmebi. miliciis aseulebi ganlagebuli iyvnen zug-
2. rionis SesarTavis dacvis mizniT mdi- didSi da enguris marcxena napirze mdebare
naris marjvena napirze idgnen azoveli ka- sofel liaSi; 2. kaxaTis TavdacviTi zRude
zakebi da samegrelos cxenosani miliciis ruxis TavdacviTi zRudidan qvemoT, 9 versis
ramdenime aseuli; rionis marcxena mxareze _ moSorebiT, mdebareobda. es adgilebi xSiri
imereTis cxenosani miliciis aseulebi. cota tyiT iyo dafaruli. kaxaTis TavdacviT zRu-
mogvianebiT iqve ganlagda regularuli ja- deze ganlagebuli iyo litvis egerTa polkis
ris 2 batalioni; 1 batalioni da leCxumis cxenosanTa razmi;
3. sofel WaladidTan, rionis napiras, 3. sanarmanios TavdacviTi zRude, romelic
idga azovis zRvis flotiliis 7 karWapi msub- kaxaTis TavdacviTi zRudidan qvemoT, 1,5
uqi zarbaznebiT, mdinaris napirebi Caxergili versis moSorebiT, mdebareobda. am Tavdac-
iyo, sxvadasxva adgilas ganlagda sanapiro viT zRudes icavda Savi zRvis me-11 saxazo
batareis 8 zarbazani. redut-kales axlos, batalioni podpolkovnik zvambaias meTauro-
sofel xorgasTan, idga regularuli jaris 2 biT, romelsac me-13 saartilerio brigadis 1
567
oceulic eqvemdebareboda. TavdacviTi zRu- Tis cxenosani miliciis 2 razmiT polkovni-

didan odnav moSorebiT, zurgSi idga saqarT- ki ServaSiZe mivida da koksa da sanarmanios
velos pirveli saxazo batalioni polkovnik TavdacviT zRudeebs Soris daikava pozicia.
ioselianis meTaurobiT, romlis daqvemde- raki mdinaris marcxena napiridan rusebi da
barebaSi iyo aseve me-13 saartilerio briga- qarTvelebi iSviaTad isrodnen, osmalebi
dis 1 oceuli; 4. kokis TavdacviTi zRude,
zRude, ro- gaTamamdnen da Setevaze gadmovidnen. ro-
melic sanarmanios fonidan qvemoT, 2 versis gorc ki osmalebma enguris kalapotis naxeva-
moSorebiT, mdebareobda. aq Tavad erisTavis ri gadmolaxes, poruCikma simonovma msubuqi
meTaurobiT ganlagebuli iyo litvis egerTa zarbaznebidan maT Zlieri cecxli gauxsna,
polkis 1 batalioni Tergis kazakTa 2 aseuli Zlieri cecxli gaxsnes qveiTebmac da mili-
da me-13 saartilerio brigadis 1 oceuli. ciam. gansakuTrebiT Tavi gamoiCina imereTis
enguris TavdacviTi zRudis rezervSi miliciam, romelsac 85 wlis svimon wereTe-
imyofeboda egerTa polkis 2 batalioni, meli meTaurobda. osmalebi mdinareSi xelix-
13 saartilerio brigadis 1 oceuli, kavkasiis elCaWidebulebi Semovidnen, magram marcxena
saartilerio brigadis 1 samTo oceuli da napiridan gaxsnilma Zlierma cecxlma maTi
imereTis cxenosani miliciis 4 razmi; kaxaTis, rigebi daSala, ris gamoc araTu daWrili,
sanarmanios da kokis TavdacviTi zRudeebis sruliad saRi mebrZolebic enguris Cqarma
saerTo xelmZRvaneloba Cabarebuli hqonda dinebam waiRo. ukan gabrunebul osmalTagan
gvardiis polkovnik Tavad dimitri ServaSiZes
ServaSiZes. marjvena napirs TiTqmis veravin miaRwia. amis
omer faSam enguris gadmolaxva pirve- Semyure osmalebi SeSindnen da tyes Seafares
lad sofel liasTan 1855 wlis 23 oqtombers Tavi. es gamarjveba sakmaod Zviri dajda.
scada. am dros laisTan regularuli jari ar brZolaSi daiRupa Savi zRvis me-11 saxazo
idga, magram mdinareze gadmosvla mters ar batalionis meTauri podpolkovniki zvambaia
zvambaia,,
daaneba samegrelos miliciam. TiTqmis mTlianad daiRupa artileriis mom-
1855 wlis 25 oqtombers, 11 saaTsa da 30 saxure personali, daixoca artileriis gad-
wuTze, enguris marjvena napiridan osmalebma amtani cxenebis umravlesoba. me-11 saxazo
ruxis TavdacviTi zRudis dabombva daiwyes. batalionis meTaurad Stabskapitani kobelevi
dabombva sul ufro da ufro intensiur xa- dainiSna, xolo sanarmanios TavdacviTi
siaTs iRebda, sxva TavdacviT zRudeebze zRude saqarTvelos pirveli saxazo batali-
jerjerobiT simSvide iyo. TavdacviTi zRu- onis meTaurma polkovnikma ioselianma Caiba-
dis dabombva or saaTze metxans grZelde- ra, romelic TavdacviT zRudeze batalionis
boda, Tumca xergilebsa da miwayrils ukan 2 aseuliT mivida.
ganlagebul jars veraviTari ziani ver miay- enguris gadmolaxvis pirveli waru-
ena. amis Semdeg omar faSam qveiTebs enguris matebeli cdis Semdeg, 25 oqtombersve, os-
gadalaxva ubrZana, magram regularuli ja- malebma sanarmanios fonidan zemoT, 300-400
risa da qarTuli miliciis mier gaxsnili Zl- saJenis (1saJeni=2,13 metrs) moSorebiT, kv-
ieri cecxlis Sedegad osmalebma saswrafod lav scades mdinareze gadmosvla. qveiTma
ukan daixies. saRamosaTvis ruxis TavdacviT jarma da qarTulma miliciam Zlieri cecx-
zRudeze simSvidem daisadgura, ismoda xolme liT mowinaaRmdegis Seteva moigeria. bevri
calkeuli srola. daRupuli da daWrili osmalo enguris dine-
25 oqtombers, dRis pirvel saaTze, mz- bam gaitaca. miuxedavad enguris gadmolax-
veravebma cnoba moitanes, rom osmalTa didi vis ori warumatebeli cdisa da didi msxver-
jari sanarmanios TavdacviT zRudes uax- plisa, omer faSa osmalTa jaris ricxobrivi
lovdeboda.. brZolisaTvis dauyovnebliv mo-
lovdeboda upiratesobis imedad iyo da kvlav agrZeleb-
emzada Savi zRvis me-11 saxazo batalioni, da Setevebs. enguris meored gadmolaxvis
msubuqi artileriis oceuli da sul bolo mcdelobis adgilidan ori versis zemoT(1
momentSi enguris TavdavciT zRudeze misu- versi=1,06kilometrs), xSiri tyiT dafarul
li saqarTvelos pirveli saxazo batalionis adgilebSi omer faSam didi raodenobiT qveiT
2 aseuli. male osmalebma enguris marjvena jars mouyara Tavi da mdinaris gadmolaxva
napiridan Zlieri cecxli gaxsnes, rusebi da daiwyo. rusebma zarbaznebis gadaadgileba ver
qarTvelebi mxolod iSviaTi gasrolebiT pa- moaswres, gaimarTa xelCarTuli brZola. br-
suxobdnen. male Tavdacvis zRudeze imere- ZolaSi daiRupa polkovniki ioseliani, xolo
568
vaxtang guruli
Stabskapitani kobelevi sasikvdilod daiWra. napirze qveiTTa 15 batalionis gadmoyvana.

saqarTvelos pirveli saxazo batalionisa da polkovnikma ServaSiZem safrTxe zustad Sea-
Savi zRvis meTerTmete saxazo batalionis fasa: kokis TavdacviTi zRudidan ukan dax-
meTauroba poruCikma rubcovma iTava, xolo evis Semdeg osmalebs SeeZloT sanarmanios
sanarmanios Tavdacvis zRude egerTa polkis TavdacviTi zRudis zurgSi gasvla, amitom
maiorma ivinma Caibara. iyo, rom man zRudeze ganlagebuli jarebis
25 oqtombers, SuadRis 2 saaTis Semdeg, ukan daxevis brZaneba gasca. mowinaaRmdege
osmalebma kokis TavdacviT zRudes Semouties, mTeli ZalebiT cdilobda sanarmanios Tav-
romelsac litvis egerTa polkis 2 aseuli, dacviTi zRudis dakavebas. mdinareSi Semo-
Tergis kazakTa 2 aseuli da me-13 saartile- sul osmalebs Zlieri cecxliT Sexvda maiori
rio brigadis 1 oceuli icavda. zarbaznebi- ivini. didi danakargis Semdeg osmalebma ukan
dan gaxsnilma Zlierma cecxlma osmalebi ai- daixies. Setevis mogeriebisas mZimed daiWra
Zula, engurze gadmosvlisagan Tavi Seekeve- maiori ivini
ivini,, mokles msubuqi artileriis
binaT. imavdroulad omer faSam qveiTi jaris meTauri poruCiki Skliarevski da Savi zRvis
mniSvnelovani raodenoba kokis TavdacviTi me-11 saxazo batalionis meTauri poruCiki
zRudidan zemoT, 1,5 versis moSorebiT gadai-
yvana. Tavadma erisTavma osmalebis mier misi
piziciis marjvena mxridan Semovlis safrTxe
SeniSna da ramdenime aseuli metriT ukan dax-
evis brZaneba gasca. drodadro erisTavi Se-
Cerdeboda da zarbaznebidan gaxsnili cecx-
liT osmalebs did zians ayenebda. artileri-
is meTaur poruCik kaSaevis, qveiTTa da kaza-
kTa Tavganwirvis wyalobiT erisTavma SeZlo
nela da organizebulad daexia ukan da Tan
mniSvnelovani zarali mieyenebina mtrisaTvis.
male omer faSam kokis TavdacviTi zRudis
marcxena flangis winaaRmdeg kavaleria daZ-
ra. kavalerias Setevis gaSlis saSualeba ar
misces calkeul jgufebad daSlilma qveiTeb-
ma, romlebic drodadro zusti gasrolebiT
maT sayovelTao Setevas aferxebdnen.
polkovnikma ServaSiZem omer faSas
manevri amoicno. osmalebma Tavi anebes sanar-
manios Tavdacvis zRudeze ieriSs da mTeli
Zalebi (qveiTebi, kavaleria da artileria)
kokis TavdacviTi zRudis dasakaveblad ga-
daisroles. Seiqmna safrTxe TavdacviTi
zRudis marcxena flangidan Semovlisa da ivane bagration-muxranski
mowinaaRmdegis ruseTis jarisa da qarTuli
miliciis zurgSi gaWrisa. polkovnikma Serva- rubcovi. osmalebma mwyobridan gamoiyvanes
rubcovi.
SiZem am safrTxis Tavidan acilebis mizniT 1 zarbazani, TiTqmis mTlianad daxoces ar-
erisTavs rezervSi myofi egerTa polkis 2 tileriis momsaxure personali da artileri-
batalioni da zarbaznebi miaSvela. TviTon is gadamtani cxenebi. sanarmanios Tavdacvi-
ServaSiZem imereTis cxenosani miliciis ori Ti zRudis meTauroba maior ivinis nacvlad
razmiT (meTaurebi Tavadi siko wulukiZe da saqarTvelos pirveli saxazo batalionis kap-
bebe agiaSvili
agiaSvili)osmalebis
)osmalebis qveiTebs Seutia. itanma pamfilovma miiRo, xolo Savi zRvis me-
Seteva imdenad efeqturi gamodga, rom kokisa 11 saxazo batalions poruCiki iandolovski
da sanarmanios TavdacviT zRudeebs Soris Caudga saTaveSi. kapitani pamfilovi brZolis
dajgufebulma osmalebma saswrafod daix- gagrZelebas apirebda, roca ukan daxevis Ses-
ies ukan. miuxedavad amisa, omer faSam Seteva axeb polkovnik ServaSiZis brZaneba miiRo.
gaimeora da mainc SeZlo enguris marcxena 25 oqtombers, mzis Casvlisas, omer
569
faSam mTeli frontiT Setevis dawyebis br- kavkasiis mefisnacvalma da kavkasiis korpusis
Zaneba gasca. osmalebma SeniSnes, rom artile- mTavarsardalma nikolai muraviovma gabedu-
riis gadamtani cxenebis daxocvis Semdeg li da dasabuTebuli pasuxi gasca samxedro
rusebs zarbaznebis gadaadgileba uWirdaT da saministros Cinovnikebs. muraviovi werda,
zarbaznebis xelSi Cagdebis mizniT Setevaze rom enguris TavdacviTi zRudidan ukandax-
gadmovidnen. qveiTebma da artileristebma eva gamowveuli iyo ara sardlobis Secdome-
Seteva orjer moigeries. amis Semdeg jaris- biT, aramed imiT, rom omer faSas cocxali
kacebma zarbaznebi xeliT gadaitanes da sam- Zalis mxriv didi upiratesoba gaaCnda da
jer gauxsnes cecxli osmalebs, bolos zarba- Tavganwiruli brZolebis miuxedavad, arse-
znebis xeliT gadatana SeuZlebeli gaxda da bobda imis realuri safrTxe, rom mowinaaRm-
maSin artileriis ufros poruCik simonovis dege enguris TavdacviT zRudes marjvena da
brZanebiT zarbaznebi mwyobridan gamoiyvanes marcxena flangebidan Semouvlida da ruse-
da artileristebmac da qveiTebmac ukan dax- Tis jars alyaSi moaqcevda. kidev ufro Rrma
eva gaagrZeles. da saintereso analizi warmoadgina quTaisis
ruseTis jarisa da qarTuli miliciis samxedro gubernatorma polkovnikma niko-
ukan daxevam garkveuli qaosi Seqmna. am kri- lai koliubakinma. misi azriT, omer faSas
tikul momentSi ruxis TavdacviT zRudeze rom gamWriaxoba gamoeCina da Seteva ori
myofi guriis razmis meTauri general-maio- mimarTulebiT, ruxidan da redut-kaledan,
ri ivane bagration-muxranski sanarmanios da daewyo, saerTod katastrofa datrialde-
kokis TavdacviTi zRudeebidan ukandaxeul boda_ ruseTis jari alyaSi moxvdeboda da
jarebSi mivida. generalma maior dadians ubr- ganadgurdebodao.
Zana, erTi koloniT sanarmanios Tavdacvis 4. viTareba samegreloSi enguris brZo-
zRudeze mdgar jarebs daxmareboda, magram lis Semdeg. enguris TavdacviTi zRudidan
brZaneba dagvianebuli aRmoCnda: polkovnik ukan daxevis Semdeg guriis razmis meTaurma
ServaSiZis brZanebis Tanaxmad, Tavdacvi- ivane bagration-muxranskim samegrelodan
Ti zRude ukve mitovebuli iyo. generalma regularuli jarisa da qarTuli miliciis
bagration-muxranskim Tavi mouyara saqarT- evakuaciis brZaneba gasca. misive brZanebiT,
velos pirveli saxazo da Savi zRvis me-11 guriaSi akeTis simaRleebi datova ruseTis
saxazo batalionebis gadarCenil oficrebsa regularulma jarma. ruseTis jarisa da qar-
da jariskacebs, Crdilokavkasiel kazakebsa Tuli miliciis evakuaciiT kargad isargebla
da qarTuli miliciis mebrZolebs da Sete- omer faSam da zugdidi daikava.
vaze gadavida. Setevis Semedeg osmalebma enguris TavdacviTi zRudidan ruseTis
enguris marcxena napiramde daixies da iq regularuli jarisa da qarTuli miliciis
gamagrdnen. male dabnelda kidec da brZola ukan daxevam samegrelos mosaxleobaSi panika
Sewyda. RamiT ruseTis regularulma jarma gamoiwvia. mosaxleobas isRa aimedebda, rom
da qarTulma miliciam ukan daixies da 26 oq- guriis razmis meTauri generali bagration-
tombers ZiriTadma Zalebma sofel xeTasTan muxranski ZiriTadi ZalebiT sofel xeTasTan
moiyares Tavi. danarCeni jarebi ukandaxevas idga. sami dRis Semdeg bagration-muxranskim
sxvadasxva gziT agrZelebdnen. alyaSi moxvedris Tavidan acilebis mizniT
1855 wlis 25 oqtombers engurze gamar- xeTadan ukan daxeva daiwyo da jari mdin-
Tul brZolaSi dauRupa: Stabis 2 oficeri, are cxeniswyalze gadaiyvna. jaris ukan dax-
5 ufrosi oficeri, 140 jariskaci; daiWra evam samegrelos mosaxleobaSi panika kidev
Stabis 2 oficeri, 6 ufrosi oficeri, 237 ufro gaaZliera. samegrelos milicia Tavad
jariskaci; ukvalod daikarga 42 oficeri da grigol dadianis meTaurobiT sofel abas-
jariskaci. TumanTan idga da zemo samegrelosaken mima-
peterburgSi enguris brZolis SedegebiT val gzas icavda. xeTadan guriis razmis ukan
Zalze ukmayofilo darCnen. samxedro saminis- daxevis ambavi rom Seityves, milicielebma
trom ruseTis jaris ukan daxeva kavkasiis ko- grigol dadians aRar mousmines da TavTavi-
rpusis sardlobas daabrala. warumateblobis anT soflebSi dabrundnen. samegrelo mTli-
konkretul mizezad dasaxelebuli iyo is, anad daucveli darCa.
rom mdinare enguris marcxena napirze Zlieri omer faSa rom mdinare engurs moadga,
safortifikacio simagreebi ar iqna agebuli. samegrelos mmarTveli ekaterine WavWavaZe
570
vaxtang guruli
SvilebTan erTad gordSi imyofeboda. engurze Tqveni qveSevrdomebis sikeTe gsurT, rogorc
brZolis wina dRes, 1855 wlis 24 oqtombers, ki moicaloT, mobrZandeT Tqvens sasaxleSi,
samegrelos dedofali gordidan sofel qva- zugdids, rom Tqven TviTon CaibaroT same-
SixorSi gadavida da iq elodeboda movlenaTa grelos marTva-gamgeoba.“ ekaterine WavWava-
ganviTarebas. ruseTis jarisa da qarTuli Zem omer faSas werili TbilisSi vasili bebu-
miliciis ukandaxevis ambavi rom gaigo, ekat- Tovs gaugzvna. imave werilis asli dedofalma
erine WavWavaZe gordSi dabrunda. gordSi quTaisis general-gubernatoris movaleobis
samegrelos dedofalTan stumrad imyofebo- Semsrulebel polkovnik nikolai koliuba-
da ivane bagration-muxranskis meuRle nino
nino.. kinsac gaugzavna. meore dResve polkovnikma
1854 wlis 28 oqtombers, RamiT ninom qmrisa- koliubakinma dedofals omer faSasaTvis gas-
gan werili miiRo. ivane bagration-muxranski agzavni werilis proeqti miarTva. werilSi
meuRles werda, dedofals uTxari, SvilebTan aRniSnuli iyo, rom samegrelos dedogfals
erTad imereTSi gadavideso. 29 oqtombers, osmaleTis, safrangeTisa da inglisis mfarv-
dilis 9 saaTze ekaterine WavWavaZe gordi- eloba ar surda, radgan igi ukve ruseTis
dan gasamgzavreblad mzad iyo. moulodnelad mfarvelobaSi imyofeboda. ekaterine WavWava-
gordSi gamoCnda gardacvlili mTavris, da- Zem omer faSasaTvis koliubakinis mier Sedge-
viT dadianis, Zma konstantine TavadebTan da nili werilis gagzavnas siCume arCia, Svile-
aznaurebTan erTad. maT dedofals sTxoves, bi leCxumSi gaxizna, xolo TviTon ramden-
gaWirvebis Jams samTavro ar mietovebina. ime dRe gordSi darCa. ekaterine WavWavaZis
dedofals gulisamaCuyebeli sityviT mimar- Svilebi sofel murSi SeCerdnen, sadac erTi
Ta leCxumelma Tavadma farnaoz gelovanma.
gelovanma. kviris Semdeg dedofalic mivida. sami dRis
Semdeg man jvari da saxareba moatanina da iq Semdeg murSi ekaterine WavWavaZes 1855 wlis
myofebma yvelam saTiTaod Sehfica erTgule- 9 noembriT daTariRebuli omer faSas meore
ba dedofals. ekaterine WavWavaZem imereTSi werili miutanes. omer faSa werda: „vsarge-
gamgzavrebaze uari ganacxada da Tu aucile- blob am SemTxveviT, rom isev gagimeoroT
beli gaxdeboda, samegrelodan igi leCx- Cemi naTqvami da imave dros xelaxla mogi-
umSi apirebda asvlas. xonSi myofma gener- wvioT Tqvemni uganaTlebulesoba Tqvenis
alma bagration-muxranskim dedofals kidev memkvidre SviliTurT zugdidSi, raTa aq
erTxel SemouTvala, samegrelo datove da ganagrZoT marTva gamgeoba Tqvenis qveynisa
imereTSi gadadio. dedofalma upasuxa, rom Tqvenis Svilis saxeliT.“ omer faSa pirvel
SvilebTan erTad leCxumSi miemgzavreboda. werilze pasuxis miuReblobis gamo wyenas ar
imavdroulad ekaterine WavWavaZem werili malavda: „Cems movaleobad mimaCnia, vauwyo
gaugzavna kavkasiis mefisnacvlis movaleobis Tqvens uganaTlebulesobas, Tu ra Sedegi mo-
Semsrulebel general-leitenant vasili be- hyveba Tqvens dagvianebas da daubruneblobas
buTovs da rCeva-darigeba sTxova. Tqvenis samTavros dedaqalaqSi.“ omer faSas
ekaterine WavWavaZe jer kidev gordidan muqaram ekaterine WavWavaZe Zalze SeaSfoTa.
ar iyo gasuli, rodesac zugdidis sasaxlis am droisaTvis mas vasili bebuTovisagan pa-
mouravma niko dgebuaZem dedofals 1855 wlis suxi jer kidev ar hqonda miRebuli. omer
31 oqtombriT daTariRebuli omer faSas wer- faSas meore werilic samegrelos dedofalma
ili miarTva. omer faSa ekaterine WavWavaZes general bebuTovs gaugzavna.
werda: osmaleTis sulTnisa da misi mokav- samegreloSi metad mZime viTareba Seiqm-
Sire saxelmwifoebis mizani iyo, rom „same- na: Tavadebisa da aznaurebis, aseve mosaxleo-
grelo da misi mezobeli qveynebi ruseTisa bis nawili dedofals brals sdebda imaSi, rom
da agreTve sxva saxelmwifosagan damoukide- omer faSasTan molaparakebas Tavs aridebda;
belni iyvnen da rom maT TavianTi sakuTarni sofel murSi myof dedofals acnobes, rom
mTavrobani Tavisuflad hmarTavdnen.“ quTaisSi ukmayofiloni iyvnen imiT, rom man
omer faSa ekaterine WavWavaZes zugdidSi da- omer faSasTan miwer-mowera gamarTa, xolo
brunebas sTavazobda: „sanam Tqveni uganaTle- dedoflis mdivanbegi da masTan daaxloe-
bulesoba mobrZandebodes, Tqvens magivrad buli sxva pirebi samegrelos mosaxleobas
samegrelos mmarTvelad gamomicxadebia ba- dedoflis saxeliT osmalebis morCilebisak-
toniSvili niko, romelic zugdidSi gamomig- en mouwodebeno. 1855 wlis 20 noembers ekat-
zavneT; magram gTxovT, Tu Tqveni Svilisa da erine WavWavaZem vasili bebuTovis pasuxi mi-
571
iRo. pasuxs Tbilisidan imitom daugvianebia, mdinare civis napiras idga. moulodnelad 20
rom bebuTovs omer faSas werilebi yarsis noembris qariSxlian dRes faSam korpusi daZ-
alyaze mdgom kavkasiis mefisnacval nikolai ra, mdinare texuri gadalaxa da banaki mdina-
muraviovisaTvis gaugzavnia. bebuTovi ekat- ris orive napirze gamarTa. omer faSas Stabi
erine WavWavaZes urCevda, samegrelo datove senakSi ganlagda. osmalebma xmebi gaavrceles,
da SvilebTan erTad TbilisSi Camodio. 22 no- rom male quTaisze daiwyebdnen laSqrobas.
embers ekaterine WavWavaZem Svilebi muridan omer faSas korpusis Stabis ufrosma ferhad
cagerSi gagzavna. imave dRes dedofalma ru- faSam cxeniswylis marjvena sanapiros daz-
seTis jaris mier yarsis aRebis cnoba miiRo. verva gadawyvita. es saidanRac Seityo ale-
ekaterine WavWavaZe cagerSi aRar wasula da qsandre faRavam,
faRavam, romelic samegrelos mili-
muridan gordSi gadasvla gadawyvita. gord- ciis SemadgenlobaSi ibrZoda Tavisi razmiT
Si dedofalma Seityo, rom zugdidis sasaxle (razmi faRavebis sagvareulos 60 cxenosnisa-
osmalo sardal iskander faSas jaris yazar- gan Sedgeboda). aleqsandre faRava ferhad
mad eqcia. 1855 wlis 26 noembers dedofali faSas Causafrda. osmalebi moaxlovdnen Tu
xonSi Cavida, sadac imxanad guriis razmi iyo ara, qarTvelebma Zlieri cecxli gaxsnes da
dabanakebuli. Semdeg xelCarTul brZolaSi ramdenime os-
5. omer faSa samegreloSi. omer faSa zug- malo mokles. ferhad faSam gaqceviT uSvela
didSi ramdenime dRiT SeCerda da 1855 wlis Tavs.
1 noembers quTaisisaken gaagrZela svla. os- daZabuli viTareba Seiqmna guria-same-
malTa jari nela moZraobda da mdinare civs grelos sazRvarze. baTumsa da qobuleTSi
mxolod 6 noembers miaRwia. aqedan omer faSam ganlagebuli osmalTa korpusi 18.000 qveiTs,
jaris nawili senakis mimarTulebiT gagzavna. 5.000 cxenosans da 16 zarbazans iTvlida. gar-
faSa ar Cqarobda. osmalebma ori kvira moan- da amisa, sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi iyvnen baSi-
domes redut-kaleSi sawyobebisa da beRlebis buzukebi (osmaluri milicia). osmalebma Tavi
agebas, gzebis wesrigSi moyvanas. kavkasiis moiyares soflebSi leRvasa da oCxamurSi da
mTavarsardali nikolai muraviovi cdilobda 1855 wlis Semodgomaze ramdenjerme Semoi-
amoecno, Tu ratom ar Cqarobda osmaleTis Wrnen guriis teritoriaze. osmalebs medgar
sardali quTaisze Setevis dawyebas. sero- winaaRmdegobas uwevda guriis milicia.
zuli gansjis Semdeg yarsis alyaze mdgarma 6. yarsis aReba. omer faSas samxedro eqs-
kavkasiis korpusis mTavarsardalma 1855 wlis pediciis marcxi. 1855 wlis 17 seqtembers,
1 noembers gagzavnil moxsenebaSi ruseTis im- yarsze ieriSisas gancdili seriozuli mar-
periis samxedro ministr general-leitenant cxis Semdeg, kavkasiis mefisnacvalma da ka-
vasili dolgorukovs daausabuTa, rom omer vkasiis korpusis mTavarsardalma nikolai
faSa quTaisze Setevas ar daiwyebda, ris ga- muraviovma gadawyvita, radac ar unda dasj-
moc yarisis alyis gagrZeleba SesaZlebeli domoda, yarsis garnizonis usityvo kapitu-
iyo. muraviovi marTali aRmoCnda: omer faSam laciisaTvis mieRwia. muraviovs unda eCqara,
redut-kales navsadguriT damxmare Zalac radgan susxiani zamTari rusebs alyaze dgo-
ki miiRo, magram aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmede- mas gauZnelebda. miuxedavad amisa, kavkasiis
bebi mainc ar dauwyia. omer faSas moqmede- mefisnacvali ar Cqarobda. man brZaneba gasca
bas garkveuli gamarTleba hqonda, dasavleT da moalye jarma karvebis nacvlad xis bara-
saqarTveloSi Zlieri wvimebi daiwyo, nestian- kebis ageba daiwyo. SiSvel tramalze bara-
ma havam damTrgunveli gavlena iqonia jarze, kebis agebam yarsis garnizoni daTrguna. ka-
mebrZolTa didi nawili daavadda, Zlierma zakTa cxenosani razmebi mudmivad idgnen
wvimebma gadarecxa aRdgenili gzebi, xolo saguSagoebze, ise, rom yarsSi damatebiTi ja-
wyaldidobam yvela xidi daangria mdinare ris Seyvana, sursaTis an sabrZolo saWurvlis
civsa da texurze. Setana yovlad warmoudgeneli iyo. osmalTa
1855 wlis 10 noembers omer faSas kor- garnizoni umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda,
pusis avangardi ferhad faSas meTaurobiT yarsSi gamomwyvdeul osmalebs omer faSas
mdinare cxeniswyals miadga. osmalTa pik- daxmarebis imedic gadaewuraT. 1855 wlis 12
etebi gamoCndnen mdinaris marjvena napirze, noembers yarsis cixe-simagris garnizonis
magram qarTulma miliciam isini saswrafod ufrosma vasif faSam Tavisi warmomadgenlebi
ukuaqcia. omer faSa ZiriTadi ZalebiT kvlav gagzavna da nikolai muraviovTan molapara-
572
vaxtang guruli
keba daiwyo. 14 noembers garnizonma usityvo da jariskaci daxoca. 11 dekembers imereTi-

kapitulacia gamoacxada. 16 noembers kavka- sa da samegrelos cxenosani miliciis gaer-
siis mefisnacvali nikolai muraviovi Tavisi Tianebulma razmma grigol dadianis saerTo
StabiT yarsSi Sevida. rusebs tyved danebda meTaurobiT meored daamarcxa osmalebi. 1856
mTeli garnizoni (18.400 oficeri da jaris- wlis ianvris damdegs osmalebi xobSi Sevi-
kaci), garnizonis ufrosi vasif faSa, kidev 8 dnen, magram mdevris SiSiT male ukandaxeva
faSa, Stabis oficrebi da ufrosi oficrebis gaagrZeles. 1856 wlis ianvrisaTvis samegre-
mTeli Semadgenloba, ingliseli generali los teritoriis umetesi nawili osmalebisa-
viliamsi Tavisi StabiT. rusebs nadavlis sax- gan gaTavisuflebuli iyo. 1856 wlis Teber-
iT darCaT 130 zarbazani da mTeli sabrZolo valSi osmalebma moulodnelad gadawves
saWurveli. am gamarjvebisaTvis nikolai mu- samegrelos Savi zRvis sanapiroze maT mierve
raviovs imperatorma karskis tituli mianiWa. agebuli sacxovrebeli barakebi da sawyobe-
yarsis garnizonis kapitulaciis ambavi bi, daangries simagreebi, Casxdnen gemebSi da
swrafad gavrcelda osmaleTsa da ruseTSi, trapizonisaken gaeSurnen. samegrelo datova
mTels evropaSi. ruseTis jaris 1854-1855 da gemiT stambolisaken gaemarTa omer faSac.
wlebis warumatebeli sabrZolo moqmedebebi- marTalia, omer faSa damarcxda da saqa-
sa da sevastopolis dacemis fonze es gamar- rTvelo datova, magram osmalebma didi
jveba gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavi aRmoCnda. ziani miayenes samegrelosa da imereTs, gan-
1855 wlis 25 noembers senakSi myof omer sakuTrebiT samegrelos. oms Seewira mravali
faSas yulevis navsadguris komendantma ac- qarTvelis sicocxle.
noba, rom nikolai muraviovma yarsis cixe- 7. 1856 wlis 18 martis parizis sazavo
simagre aiRo. cxadia, omer faSa am ambavma xelSekruleba. damarcxebulma ruseTma 1856
SeaZrwuna, miT ufro, rom yarsis dacemis wlis 18 marts parizSi safrangeTTan, ing-
ambavi man 10 dRis dagvianebiT Seityo. yar- lisTan, osmaleTsa da sardiniis samefosTan
sis garnizonis kapitulaciis Sesaxeb cno- sazavo xelSekruleba dado. xelSekruleba
bis miRebis Semdeg omer faSam, yovelgvari mZime iyo ruseTisaTvis. Savi zRva neitralur
momzadebis gareSe, saeqspedicio korpusis zRvad gamocxadda, rac imas niSnavda, rom
ukan daxeva brZana. gadauRebelma kokispir- yvela sazRvao saxelmwifos ekrZaleboda
ulma wvimebma, atalaxebulma gzebma da dan- Sav zRvaSi samxedro flotis yola, arse-
greulma xidebma rusebs omer faSas korpu- nalebisa da safortifikacio simagreebis
sis dadevnebisa da ganadgurebis saSualeba mSenebloba. yovelive aman didad Seasusta
ar misca. gansakuTrebiT gaWirda regularu- ruseTis poziciebi maxlobel aRmosavleT-
li jarisa da qarTuli miliciis gadayvana sa da balkaneTSi. omis SemTxvevaSi ruseTis
adidebul cxeniswyalze. dawyebulma Tovam samxreTi sazRvrebi sruliad daucveli rCe-
ki saerTod SeuZlebeli gaxada farTomasSta- boda, radgan mas Sav zRvaSi samxedro floti
biani sabrZolo moqmedebebis ganxorciele- ar eyoleboda, ar eqneboda arsenalebi da
ba. amas emateboda isic, rom guriis razms safortifikacio simagreebi. parizis sazavo
sursaT-sanovagis maragi aRar gaaCnda. ami- xelSekrulebis mesame punqtis ZaliT, ruseTs
tom iyo, rom omer faSas korpuss mxolod osmaleTisaTvis unda daebrunebina yarsi da
qarTuli milicia daedevna. osmalTa devnaSi samxreT kavkasiaSi omis dros dakavebuli os-
gansakuTrebiT gamoiCina Tavi samegrelos maleTis sxva teritoria. amis sanacvlod mo-
cxenosanma miliciam Tavad grigol dadianis kavSireebi damarcxebul ruseTs ubrunebdnen
meTaurobiT. samegrelos miliciam 1855 wlis maT mier yirimis naxevarkunZulze dakavebul
2 dekembers moulodnelad Seutia zugdidSi qalaqebsa da navsadgurebs: sevastopols, evpa-
myof osmalebs da daaxloebiT 300 oficeri torias, qerCs da sxv.
573
Tavi XXX. samegrelos, svaneTisa da afxazeTis samTavroebis gauqmeba

(1857-1864 ww.)
ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis omSi maleve, 1804 wlis dekemberSi, gardaicvala.

gamarjvebis Semdeg saimperatoro karze guri- taxtze avida misi Svili levan V (1805-1840).
is samTavros gauqmebis gadawyvetileba iqna ruseTis qveSevrdomma mTavarma Tavis mxrebze
miRebuli. imxanad peterburgSi Tavi Seikaves gadaitana ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebi-
samegrelos, svaneTisa da afxazeTis samTav- sa da 1828-1829 wlebis omebis mTeli simZime.
roebis gauqmebisagan. samTvroebis avtonomi- samegrelos mTavari ruseTis xelisuflebis
uri mmarTvelobis gauqmebisa da maTi teri- moTxovniT ramdenjerme Caeria afxazeTSi
toriebis uSualod rusul administraciul- mimdinare SinaomebSi, ServaSiZeTa saxlSi ar-
mmarTvelobiT sistemaSi moqcevis sakiTxi sebul dapirispirebaSi, exmareboda ruseTis
arc 1840-1844 wlebis administraciuli re- jars afxazeTidan osmalTa gandevnaSi, zRvis
formis gatarebis dros dasmula. 1840 wels sanapiro da sxva simagreebis dakavebaSi. le-
Seqmnil saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniaSi van V dadianma didi dro da energia Sealia
samegrelos, svaneTisa da afxazeTis samTav- samurzayanosaTvis brZolas, romlis daTmo-
roebi de iure ar Sedioda, Tumca, samive sam- bas afxazeTis mTavrebi ar apirebdnen. 1840
Tavros de faqto quTaisis general-guberna- wels levan V Tavisi nebiT gadadga taxtidan
tori ganagebda, samTavroebSi ganlagebuli da samegrelos mTavari gaxda misi ufrosi
ruseTis jari mas emorCileboda. samegrelos, vaJi daviTi (1840-1853). amis Semdeg levan da-
svaneTisa da afxazeTis samTavroebi de iure dianma kidev 6 weli icocxla (gardaicvala
arc 1844 wels Seqmnil quTaisis guberniaSi 1846 wels). daviT dadiani daqorwinebuli iyo
Sesula, magram de faqto samTavroebs quTai- aleqsandre WavWavaZis asul ekaterineze
ekaterineze..
sis general-gubernatori da kavkasiis mefis- daviT dadianis mmarTveloba. gardaicva-
nacvali ganagebdnen. yirimis omis (1853-1856 la Tu ara levan dadiani, 1846 welsve, da-
ww.) mimdinareobis procesSi momwifda azri, viT dadianma peterburgidan daibara Tavisi
rom umtkivneulod SeiZleboda samegrelos, Zmebi grigoli da konstantine
konstantine.. grigoli ru-
svaneTisa da afxazeTis samTavroebis gau- seTis gvardiis polkovniki iyo, mas colad
qmeba. am process gansakuTrebuli mondome- hyavda ruseTis dedofal aleqsandras frei-
biT uWerdnen mxars kavkasiis mefisnacvlebi lina mamia gurielis asuli terezia. rZlebs,
nikolai muraviovi (1854-1856) da aleqsandr ekaterinesa da terezias, Soris Tavidanve
bariatinski (1856-1862). swored maTi inicia- cudi urTierToba damyarda. daviT dadiani
tiviT gauqmda samegrelosa da svaneTis sam- grigolisadmi keTilganwyobilebas iCenda da
Tavroebi. rac Seexeba afxazeTs, misi bedic cdilobda aqtiurad CaerTo igi samTavros
am periodSi gadawyda, magram samTavro cota marTva-gamgeobaSi. konstantines paJTa kor-
mogvianebiT mxolod imitom gauqmda, rom ru- pusi hqonda damTavrebuli. samegreloSi da-
seTis saimperatoro kari Crdilo-dasavleT brunebis Semdeg, grigolisagan gansxvavebiT,
kavkasiis dapyrobasa da kavkasiis didi omebis igi did interess ar iCenda samTavros marTva-
dasasruls daeloda. gamgeobisadmi. male gairkva, rom samTavros
marTvaSi daviT dadians verc Zmebi da verc
meuRle uwevdnen saTanado daxmarebas. ara-
§1. samegrelos samTavros gauqmeba (1857-1867 da, marTva-gamgeoba saswrafo da seriozul
ww). gardaqmnas saWiroebda. tradiciulad, daviT
dadiani flobda umaRles sakanonmdeblo, aR-
samegrelos samTavros gauqmebisaTvis
masrulebel da sasamarTlo xelisuflebas.
ruseTis saimperatoro karma kargad gamoiy-
ruseTis mTavroba avtonomiuri samegrelos
ena omer faSas laSqrobis Sedegad samegre-
samTavros Sinaur mmarTvelobaSi ar ereoda.
loSi Seqmnili umZimesi viTareba, glexTa
samTavro samouraoebad iyofoda. samouraos
ajanyeba da samTavros mmarTvel zeda fenaSi
ganagebda mouravi, romelic pirveli instan-
arsebuli dapirispireba.
ciis sapolicio da sasamarTlo xelisufals
1. samegrelos samTavro gauqmebamde.
warmoadgenda. mouravis gadawyvetileba Sei-
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis
Zleba gasaCivrebuliyo uzenaes mmarTveloba-
Semdeg samegrelos mTavari grigol dadiani
574
vaxtang guruli
Si, romelSic samegrelos cnobili Tavadebi

Si, sargeblobda, igi iyo samTavros praqtikuli
Sediodnen. samegrelos samTavros uzenaesi gamgebeli. gamocxadda Tu ara samegrelos
mmarTvelobis Tavmjdomare iyo mTavari. arc mTavrad, daviT dadianma jer kidev mamis si-
mouravebsa da arc uzenaesi mmarTvelobis cocxleSi niko samTavros marTva-gamgeobas
wevrebs dadgenili xelfasi ar hqondaT. isini CamoaSora. amiT ganawyenebuli giorgi, petre
jildos saxiT iRebdnen garkveul anazRau- da besarioni yovelnairad cdilobdnen davi-
rebas mTavris mier micemuli davalebis Ses- TisaTvis samTavros marTvaSi xeli SeeSalaT,
rulebis Semdeg. samegrelos samTavros admin- saxels utexdnen mTavars mosaxleobaSi.
istraciuli mmarTvelobis am sistemam 1857 Zmebis brZolas samegrelos mTavris winaaR-
wlamde iarseba. daviT dadiani 1853 wlis 30 mdeg mxars uWerda afxazeTis mTavari mix-
agvistos gardaicvala, ase rom, is ver moes- eil ServaSiZe, romelsac colad hyavda niko
wro im tragikul movlenebs, romelTac ad- dadianis ufrosi vaJis giorgis qaliSvili.
gili hqonda samegrelos samTavroSi yirimis saqme iqamde mivida, rom giorgi, petre da be-
omis (1853-1856 ww.) dros da Semdgom wlebSi. sarion dadianebis samflobeloebSi samegre-
daviT dadiani 42 wlis asakSi gardaicvala. mas los mTavris xelisufleba ar vrceldeboda.
oTxi mcirewlovani Svili darCa: nikolozi (7 Zmebi imdenad didi gulmodginebiT utexdnen
wlis), salome (6 wlis), andria (4 wlis), Tamari saxels daviT dadians, xolo Semdeg ekater-
(ramdenime Tvis). ruseTis imperatorma niko- ine WavWavaZes, rom maTi saZraxisi saqmianoba
lai I-ma ekaterine WavWavaZe nikoloz dadia- xSirad mTavris winaaRmdeg gaborotebuli
nis srulwlovanebamde samegrelos samTavros glexebis waqezebaSic ki gamoixateboda. ekat-
mmarTvelad daniSna da Tan wm. mTavarmowame erine WavWavaZis opozicionerTa meore jgufs
ekaterines I xarisxis ordeniT daajildova. saTaveSi edga elizbar dadiani,
dadiani, romelsac
viTareba samegrelos samTavroSi da- mxars uWerda ramdenime Tavadi da aznauri:
viT dadianis gardacvalebis Semdeg. ekater- mxeiZeebi,, miqaZeebi
mxeiZeebi miqaZeebi,, dgebuaZeebi da sxv. es
ine WavWavaZe sruliad moumzadebeli iyo im jgufi aSakara prorusul orientacias adga
urTules pirobebSi samegrelos samTavros da samegrelos samTavros gauqmebas did tra-
marTva-gamgeobisaTvis. daviT dadianis gar- gediad ar miiCnevda. elizbar dadianis ori
dacvalebis Semdeg sul male daiwyo yirimis vaJi ruseTis jarSi msaxurobda da sakmaod
omi da ekaterines mdgomareoba kidev ufro maRali Tanamdebobebic ekavaT. opozicioner-
damZimda. mas samTavro sabWosTan erTad unda Ta es jgufic cdilobda maqsimalurad gae-
emarTa, magram sabWo daxmarebis nacvlad is- texa saxeli samegrelos dedoflisaTvis da
edac gamoucdel dedofals, piriqiT, xels imdenad Sors Setopa, rom Tavisi saqmianobiT
uSlida. omer faSas laSqrobis Sedegad Seqm- ajanyebisaken glexobis wamqezebeladac ki
nili umZimesi viTareba dedofal ekaterine gamovida. am ori opoziciuri jgufis winaaR-
WavWavaZisa da sabWos mxridan aqtiur moR- mdeg brZola ekaterine WavWavaZes imitomac
vaweobas da gadamWreli RonisZiebebis gatare- uZneldeboda, rom daviT dadianma samTavros
bas moiTxovda. nacvlad amisa, 1856 wels aznaurebi (6.000 komli) gansakuTrebuli fu-
ekaterine WavWavaZe SvilebiTurT imperator ladi gadasaxadiT dabegra da amdenad, es sak-
aleqsandr II-is koronaciaze miiwvies da saer- maod seriozuli Zalac opoziciaSi aRmoCnda.
Tod moswyvites samTavros marTva-gamgeobas. marTalia, daviT dadianma 1842 wels TeTri
ekaterine jer moskovSi, Semdeg peterburgSi samRvdeloeba batonymuri damokidebulebisa-
karga xans darCa da TbilisSi 1857 wlis apri- gan gaaTavisufla, magram amas samRvdeloebis
lis damlevs dabrunda. es is periodia, rode- ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba da
sac samegreloSi glexTa ajanyeba iwyeboda. socialuri statusis amaRleba ar mohyolia
daviT dadians, xolo misi gardacvalebis _ mRvdeli mainc yma glexis cxovrebiT cxov-
Semdeg ekaterine WavWavaZes samegrelos sam- robda. amis gamo iyo, rom verc daviT dadiani
TavroSi sakmaod Zlieri opozicia hyavdaT. da verc ekaterine WavWavaZe viTarebis gar-
opozicionerTa yvelaze Zlier jgufs Sead- Tulebis SemTxvevaSi TeTri samRvdeloebis
gendnen levan V dadianis Zmis nikos (,,didi imedad ver iqnebodnen. TeTri samRvdeloe-
nikos~) Svilebi: giorgi
giorgi,, petre da besari- bisagan gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT ukeTes md-
oni da maTi momxreebi. niko dadiani levan gomareobaSi iyo Savi samRvdeloeba
samRvdeloeba.. Savi sam-
dadianis mTavrobis wlebSi didi gavleniT Rvdeloebis umaRlesi ierarqi Wyondideli
575
episkoposi uzarmazar saeklesio mamulebs lo (grigol dadiani faRavebis ZuZumte iyo).

flobda, romelic mTels samegreloSi iyo umcrosi mazli konstantine dadiani, marTa-
gafantuli. Wyondidelis mamulis umTavresi lia, samTavros boqaulTuxucesi iyo da ekat-
nawili mdinareebs: abaSas, texursa da rions erinesadmi erTgulebiT gamoirCeoda, magram
Soris mdebareobda, sadac daaxloebiT 3.000 did Zalas ar warmoadgenda. konstantines is-
komli saeklesio glexi cxovrobda. mamulis edac mcirericxovani garemocva, Tavadebi da
centrs warmoadgenda sofeli sujuna. daviT aznaurebi, didi gavleniT ar sargeblobdnen.
dadianis mmarTvelobis wlebSi Wyondideli samegrelos dedofals mxars uWerdnen jer
episkoposi iyo daviTis biZa (dedis Zma) Ta- kidev daviT dadianis dros dawinaurebuli
vad wereTlebis sagvareulodan. daviT da- samegrelos mTavris saxlTuxucesi Tavadi
dianma Wyondideli episkoposi daarwmuna, daviT Ciqovani da CiqovanTa sagvareulos sxva
rom saeklesio glexebisagan naturiT ga- warmomadgenlebi, magram, rogorc gairkva,
dasaxadi da SromiTi begara erTiani fuladi opozicia gacilebiT moqnili, Zlieri da br-
gadasaxadiT Seecvala. amis Semdeg Wyondide- Zolisunariani aRmoCnda.
li weliwadSi glexebisagan gadasaxadis saxiT ekaterine WavWavaZis dabruneba ruseTi-
1.200 Tumans iRebda. sagadasaxado reformiT dan. 1857 wlis aprilis damlevs, rogorc
glexebic kmayofili iyvnen da Wyondidelic, aRvniSneT, ekaterine WavWavaZe ruseTidan
magram samegrelos mTavari amaze ar SeCere- TbilisSi dabrunda. TbilisSi mas cudi am-
bula. daviTs surda yovelwliurad 1.200 bavi daxvda _ samegreloSi glexTa ajanyeba
Tumani WyondidelisaTvis mTavris xazinidan dawyebuliyo. ekaterine saswrafod gaemarTa
mieca, xolo misi mamulebi Tavis saufliswu- samegrelosaken. sofel kulaSSi mas grigol
lo mamulad eqcia. sanam amas moimoqmedebda, dadianisa da Teofane Wyondidelis meTauro-
daviT dadianma gadawyvita wminda giorgis biT samegrelos Tavadebi da aznaurebi dax-
saswaulmoqmedi xati sujunidan martvilSi vdnen. saxlTuxucesma daviT Ciqovanma dedo-
gadaebrZanebina, riTac sujunis saeklesio fals dawyebuli ajanyebis Sesaxeb uambo da
mamulis mniSvneloba daknindeboda. suju- Tanac cdilobda momxdarze pasuxismgebloba
nidan martvilSi xatis gadmosveneba daviTma rogorme Tavidan aecilebina. Zalze gatexili
Wyondidelis gardacvalebamde gadado. Wyon- Canda grigol dadiani.
dadiani. gabrazebulma dedo-
dideli 1853 wels gardaicvala. samegrelos falma grigols Tavis marTleba ar acala da
mTavarma jruWis monastris winamZRvari ar- mTeli kategoriulobiT ganucxada: me Tqven
qimandriti Teofane gabunia akurTxebina epis- samTavro mSvid mdgomareobaSi CagabareT da
koposad, magram wminda giorgis xatis mart- mxolod aseTive mSvid mdgomareobaSi Cavi-
vilSi gadmotana mainc ver moaswro, radgan bareb Tqvengano. grigolTan cxare kamaTis
sul male TviTonac gardaicvala. 1855 wels Semdeg dedofali SvilebTan erTad kulaSi-
ekaterine WavWavaZem Teofane Wyondidelisa- dan gordisaken gaemarTa, mas Tan gahyvnen Ta-
gan Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg xatis sujuni- vadebi da aznaurebic. male gordSi dedofal-
dan martvilSi gadabrZaneba samegrelos sam- Tan mxolod daviT Ciqovani da konstantine
Tavros boqaulTuxuces konstantine dadians dadiani darCnen. aucilebeli iyo samoqmedo
miando. Seityves Tu ara es ganzraxva, giorgi, gegmis Sedgena. am rTul viTarebaSi ekater-
petre da besarion dadianebma mosaxleoba da- ine WavWavaZem mcdari gadawyvetileba miiRo:
razmes da sujunaSi misuli konstantine da- dedofals miaCnda, rom glexTa ajanyeba arc
diani ukan gamoabrunes, xolo mis mxleblebs _ Tu ise seriozul movlenas warmoadgenda
sastikad scemes. am incidentis Semdeg, cxadia, da Zalis gamoyenebiT misi CaxSoba SesaZlebe-
ekaterines samegrelos saeklesio glexebis li iqneboda. samwuxarod, es ase ar iyo, ekat-
mxardaWeris imedi aRar unda hqonoda. erine WavWavaZes pasuxi unda ego, rogorc da-
opoziciis gaaqtiurebam ekaterine viT dadianis, ise misi mmarTvelobis wlebSi
WavWavaZe sabolood daabnia. nacvlad imisa, daSvebuli SecdomebisaTvis da erTdrou-
rom momxreebi gaemravlebina, samegrelos lad unda gamklaveboda rogorc opozicias,
dedofalma ufrosi mazli grigol dadiani ise glexTa ajanyebas. ekaterine WavWavaZem
misi da misi ojaxis pirad mtrad gamoacxada. ajanyebulebTan ruseTis jaris daxmarebiT
grigol dadians aqtiurad uWerda mxars taia angariSsworebis taqtika airCia. samegreloSi
dadiani da Tavad faRavebis mTeli sagvareu- jaris gagzavna quTaisis general-gubernator
576
vaxtang guruli
general-leitenant aleqsandr gagarins unda dawvrilebiT mouTxro dawyebuli ajanyebis

gadaewyvita. gagarini im dros afxazeTSi imy- Sesaxeb da yvelaferi grigols gadaabrala.
ofeboda. amitom iyo, rom 1857 wlis 17 maiss nikolai koliubakinma kargad icoda ekat-
samegrelos dedofalma daxmarebisaTvis erine WavWavaZesa da grigol dadians Soris
quTaisis samoqalaqo gubernator general- arsebuli dapirispirebis Sesaxeb, ris gamoc
maior nikolai koliubakins mimarTa. quTaisSi dedoflis naTqvami simarTled miiCnia. koli-
ubakinis mier wayenebul braldebas grigol
dadiani ar daeTanxma da Tavis marTleba
scada. koliubakinma mas saubari Seawyvetina
da uTxra, rom amieridan misi miTiTebebis
mixedviT unda emoqmeda. quTaisis samoqalaqo
gubernatorma grigol da konstantine dadi-
anebs urCia TbilisSi wasuliyvnen da kavka-
siis mefisnacval aleqsandr bariatinskisTan
gamocxadebuliyvnen. koliubakini saubrobda
uxeSad da mTeli kategoriulobiT, isic ki
ar gaiTvaliswina, rom grigol dadiani gen-
eral-leitenanti iyo, xolo TviTon general-
maiori. ramdenime saaTis Semdeg nikolai ko-
liubakini ajanyebulebTan mosalaparakeblad
gaemarTa, grigoli da konstantine ki imave
dRes Tbilisisaken gamoemgzavrnen.
nikolai koliubakini ajanyebulebs Sex-
vda da sakiTxSi garkvevis Semdeg ajanyebis
dawyeba sruliad bunebriv movlenad mi-
iCnia. quTaisis samoqalaqo gubernatoris
aseTma poziciam Zalze gaaRiziana ekaterine
WavWavaZe. senakidan samegrelos dedofali
zugdidSi gaemgzavra, sadac igi afxazeTi-
dan dabrunebul quTaisis general-guberna-
tor aleqsandr gagarins Sexvda. ekaterine
WavWavaZem koliubakins gagarinTan uCivla:
me mas samegreloSi jaris gamogzavna vTxove
da ara piradad Camosvla da ajanyebulebTan
molaparakebao. gagarini Zalze cud gunebaze
ekaterine WavWavaZe. franc qsavier daayena dedoflis dasmenam, radgan general-
vinterhalteris naxati gubernatoric Tvlida, rom umjobesi iyo
ajanyeba sisxlisRvris gareSe Sewyvetiliyo.
koliubakinTan ekaterine WavWavaZis werili zugdidSi koliubakinTan Sexvedrisas gaga-
nikoloz miqaZem Caitana. rinma mas dedoflis saCivari gadasca: glexe-
general-maior nikolai koliubakinis bi ki ar daamSvida, piriqiT, uaresad aajanyao.
Casvla samegreloSi. nikolai koliubakinma quTaisSi dabrunebis Semdeg general-
quTaisis vice-gubernator nikolai iurCen- gubernatorma samegreloSi kazakTa ramdenime
kos samegreloSi gasagzavnad jaris momzade- aseuli gagzavna da Tanac oficrebi gaafrTx-
ba ubrZana. erT saaTSi koliubakini rafiel ila, rom sisxlisRvras moridebodnen. imav-
erisTavTan da nikoloz miqaZesTan erTad droulad gagarini ekaterine WavWavaZes dah-
quTaisidan samegrelosaken gaemgzavra. koli- pirda, rom samegreloSi ramdenime moxeles
ubakini ekaterine WavWavaZes senakidan erTi gaagzavnida, romlebic mas daexmarebodnen.
versis moSorebiT, meniki dadianis sasaxleSi, quTaisSi dabrunebis Semdeg nikolai
Sexvda. im dros dedofalTan Teofane Wyon- koliubakinma moxsenebiTi baraTi gaugzavna
dideli,, grigol da konstantine dadianebi imy-
dideli aleqsandr bariatinskis
bariatinskis.. male kavkasiis mefis-
ofebodnen. ekaterine WavWavaZem koliubakins nacvals moxsenebiTi baraTi aleqsandr gaga-
577
rinmac miarTva. bariatinski fiqrobda, rom daerwmunebinaT imaSi, rom aleqsandr II-Tvis
gadawyvetileba orive moxsenebis wakiTxvis samegrelos samTavros mmarTvelobidan gaTa-
Semdeg mieRo. moxsenebebis gacnobisTanave visufleba eTxova. amis mizezad ki dedasTan
cxadi gaxda, rom gagarini da koliubakini Se- erTad mcirewlovani mTavris, niko dadianis
dadianis,,
qmnil viTarebas sxvadasxvagvarad afasebdnen, ruseTSi gamgzavreba unda dasaxelebuliyo,
rac gadawyvetilebis miRebas arTulebda. sadac mas Sesaferisi swavla-ganaTleba unda
sabolood kavkasiis mefisnacvali im daskv- mieRo. amasTan erTad, dedofals imperatori-
namde mivida, rom samegreloSi sruli simS- saTvis unda eTxova, rom niko dadianis srul-
vidis damyareba mxolod da mxolod samTav- wlovanebamde samegreloSi rusuli marTva-
roSi axali administraciuli mmarTvelobis gamgeoba unda SemoRebuliyo. mTavris mam-
SemoRebis Semdeg gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli. ulebi sagangebod SerCeuli mzrunvelisaTvis
axali mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb proeqtis Sed- unda CaebarebinaT. mzrunvelis kandidatura
gena aleqsandr bariatinskim ipolit daskip mefisnacvlisaTvis dedofals unda waredgi-
diukruass miando. diukruasis samegreloSi na.
gagzavna cudad miiRo aleqsandr gagarinma,
gagarinma, ekaterine WavWavaZe ukiduresad aRS-
radgan mixvda, rom kavkasiis mefisnacvalTan foTebuli iyo diukruasis moxsenebis Sinaar-
daaxloebuli moxele mis azrs ar gaiTval- siT. moskovsa da peterburgSi yofnis peri-
iswinebda. samagierod, gaixara nikolai koli- odSi dedofali aleqsandr II-s imdenad did
ubakinma,, romelic diukruasTan megobrobda.
ubakinma pativSi hyavda, rom CaTvala, kavkasiis mefis-
diukruasi samegreloSi moxeleTa jgufTan nacvlis pozicia misTvis did saSiSroebas ar
erTad Cavida da gordSi ekaterine WavWavaZes warmoadgenda da, bolos da bolos, SeZlebda
Sexvda, xolo Semdeg samegreloSi imogzaura. samegrelos samTavroSi arsebuli mmarTvelo-
kavkasiis mefisnacvlisaTvis wardgenil mox- bis SenarCunebas. miuxedavad ukmayofilebisa,
senebaSi diukruasi aRniSnavda: megrelebi ekaterine WavWavaZe bariatinskis adiutants
ukmayofiloebi arian samTavros marTva-gam- Tbilad Sexvda. samma dRem ise ganvlo, rom
geobiT, yvela pativsacemi da mSvidobismoyva- dedofalma adiutants samTavros mmarTv-
re Tavadi acxadebs: Tu marTva-gamgeoba ar elobis Sesaxeb saubris dawyebis saSualeba ar
Seicvala, yvelafers mivatovebT da qveynidan misca, xolo Semdeg avadmyofoba moimizeza da
gadavixvewebiTo. mosaxleobas konkretuli saerTod aRar Sexvda mas. ganawyenebuli adiu-
saCivrebic hqonia: samarTlis ararseboba, tanti TbilisSi dabrunda da yvelaferi bari-
korumpirebuli sasamarTlo, moxeleebis atinskis moaxsena. amis Semdeg kavkasiis me-
TviTneboba, usamarTlo gadasaxadebi, xe- fisnacvalma dedofalTan mosalaparakeblad
lisuflebis kavSiri qurdebsa da yaCaRebTan, diukruasi gagzavna. molaparakeba gordSi
dedoflis miswrafeba fufunebisaken, Tavad Sedga, samegrelodan gamogzavnili diukrua-
Ciqovnebis sagvareulosaTvis ganusazRvreli sis pirveli moxseneba imedismomcemi iyo.
uflebebis miniWeba da sxv. saboloo pasuxisaTvis diukruass dedofli-
kavkasiis mefisnacvali aleqsandr bari- saTvis sami dRe miucia. Casvlidan oTxi dRis
atinski mTlianad daeTanxma diukruasis Semdeg dekruasma bariatinskis meore moxsene-
mier gakeTebul daskvnebs da saWirod CaT- ba gamougzavna: dedofals pasuxi sami dRis
vala gadawyvetilebis miRebamde ekaterine Semdeg unda moeca, vadam ganvlo, magram pa-
WavWavaZes molaparakeboda. dedoflaTan suxi ar mimiRia, pasuxis nacvlad kaci gamo-
Sexvedramde mefisnacvalma masTan mosala- migzavna da macnoba, rom avad iyo da sanam
parakeblad Tavisi piradi adiutanti gagza- ar gamojanmrTeldeboda, CemTan Sexvedras
vna. adiutants kavasiis mefisnacvalma urCia, ver SeZlebdao. male bariatinskim diukruasis
nikolai koliubakins Sexvedroda da misT- mesame moxsenebac miiRo: gordidan gavdivar,
vis moesmina. bariatinskis adiutanti jer dedofals werili mivwere da Sevatyobine,
gagarins, xolo Semdeg koliubakins Sexvda. rom misi samegreloSi darCena kidev ufro
guldasmiT ganixiles sakiTxi, Tu ra for- gaamwvavebda isedac rTul mdgomareobaso.
miT euwyebinaT samegrelos dedoflisaTvis diukruasis mesame moxsenebis Semdeg
samTavroSi axali administraciouli mmarT- aleqsandr bariatinskim sabolood gadawyvi-
velobis SemoRebis Sesaxeb. saukeTesod iqna ta samegreloSi rusuli marTva-gamgeobis Se-
miCneuli Semdegi: ekaterine WavWavaZe unda moReba da misi proeqtis Sedgena diukruass
578
vaxtang guruli
miando. imavdroulad kavkasiis mefisnacvalma asis proeqtis Tanaxmad, nikolai koliubakin-

TbilisSi gaiwvia quTaisis samoqalaqo guber- ma samegrelo sam okrugad gayo: zugdidisa,
natori general-maiori nikolai koliubakini senakisa da leCxumisa
leCxumisa.. zugdidis okrugis
da samegrelos mmarTvelis Tanamdebobis da- ufrosad dainiSna rafiel erisTavi,
erisTavi, senakisa
kaveba sTxova. koliubakinisaTvis es daqveiT- _ kondrati borozdini,
borozdini, leCxumisa _ konstan-
ebas niSnavda, magram bariatinskis uari ver tine miqelaZe.
miqelaZe.
uTxra da SeTavazebas dasTanxmda. Tbilisi- samegrelos rusuli mmarTveloba ram-
dan bariatinskis adiutanti da nikolai ko- denime safexuriani iyo, qvemodan zemoT igi
liubakini samegreloSi dabrundnen da Tan ase gamoiyureboda: 1. sasoflo okrugebis mar-
waiRes dabeWdili proklamaciebi (mowodebe- Tveloba. 2. samegrelos sabWo; 3. samegrelos
bi). proklamaciebi or variantad iyo Sedgeni- mmarTveli; 4. quTaisis general-gubenatori; 5.
li: Tu ekaterine WavWavaZe bariantinkis wina- kavkasiis mefisnacvali
mefisnacvali..
dadebas nebayoflobiT dasTanxmdeboda, maSin sasoflo marTvelobas yoveli sofeli
unda gamoeqveynebinaT proklamaciis pirveli irCevda, rasac amtkicebda sasoflo okrugis
varianti: dedofali droebiT samegrelodan ufrosi. savaWro dabebSi, zugdidSi, senaksa
miemgzavreba da mis dabrunebamde samTavroSi da orpirSi, daarsda sapolicio mmarTveloba
mmarTveloba,,
rusuli mmarTveloba iqneba SemoRebulio. romelSic erTi komisari da erTi aTmeTauri
Tu ekaterine WavWavaZe kvlav winaaRmdegi Sedioda. mTeli samegrelo sam okrugad gai-
iqneboda, maSin gamoqveyndeboda proklama- yo, yoveli okrugis saTaveSi okrugis ufrosi
ciis meore varianti, romelSic mxolod is idga. okrugis mmarTvelobaSi, garda okrugis
iyo aRniSnuli, rom samegreloSi rusuli ufrosisa, Sedioda ori Tavadi da kancel-
mmarTveloba myardeboda, xolo mmarTvelad aria.
general-maiori nikolai koliubakini iyo samegrelos sabWos saTaveSi edga same-
daniSnuli. kavkasiis mefisnacvlis adiutanti grelos mmarTveli.
mmarTveli. sabWoSi Sedioda xuTi
gordSi ekaterine WavWavaZes Sexvda da kidev wevri: ori _ ruseTis xelisuflebisagan, ori
erTxel scada, dedofali bariatinskis wi- _ samegrelos Tavadebis, erTi _ samegrelos
nadadebaze daeTanxmebina, magram uSedegod. aznaurebisagan. sabWos hqonda Tavisi kancel-
audienciis damTavrebis Semdeg adiutantma aria. samegrelos mmarTvels hyavda sagange-
koliubakins proklamaciis meore varianti bo daniSnulebis eqvsi moxele. samegrelos
gaugzavna, xolo TviTon TbilisSi dabrunda. mmarTvels samxedro gubernatoris uflebebi
kavkasiis mefisnacvlis moqmedebiT ukmayo- hqonda, xolo samegrelos sabWos _ guber-
filo ekaterine WavWavaZe imuqreboda, rom niis mmarTvelobis, samoqalaqo, saxazino da
ruseTis imperatorTan iCivlebda. dedofali saxelmwifo qonebis palatebisa. samegreloSi
udierad ixseniebda bariatinskisa da koli- momxdari danaSaulebani, romlebic ruseTis
ubakins. samegreloSi rusuli mmarTvelo- kanonmdeblobiT sisxlis samarTlis an samx-
bis gamocxadebis Semdeg quTaisis general- edro danaSaulebaTa kategorias ganekuT-
gubernatorma aleqsandr gagarinma ekater- vneboda, igzavneboda quTaisis sagubernio
ine WavWavaZes urCia, bavSvebisa da qonebis sasamarTloSi. sameurneo xasiaTis saqmeebs
mzrunvelad daeniSna Tavadi iagor abaSiZe
abaSiZe.. piradad wyvetda samegrelos mmarTveli,
ekaterine WavWavaZem uari ganacxada da kidev xolo samoqalaqo saqmeebs _ samegrelos sab-
erTxel udierad moixsenia aleqsandr bari- Wo. samoqalaqo saqmeebze gamotanili ganaCeni
atinski. SeiZleba gasaCivrebuliyo kavkasiis mefis-
1857 wlis 25 oqtombers ekaterine nacvalTan, romlis gadawyvetileba saboloo
WavWavaZem SvilebTan erTad samegrelo daiyo.
tova da ruseTSi gaemgzavra. samegrelos sasoflo okrugebis ufrose-
2. samegrelos samTavros de faqto gau- bi sameurneo, sapolicio da sasamarTlo saq-
qmeba. rusuli administraciuli mmarTvelo- meebis gadawyvetisas sargeblobdnen quTaisis
bis SemoReba. samegrelos mmarTvelad niko- guberniis mazris ufrosis uflebebiT.
lai koliubakini 1857 wels dainiSna da am sasoflo marTveloba praqtikulad sami
Tanamdebobaze 1858 wlamde darCa. 1858-1861 moxeliT, asisTaviT, aTisTavisa da gadasaxadis
wlebSi samegrelos mmarTveli iyo nikolai amkrebiT, iyo warmodgenili.
koliubakinis Zma mixail koliubakini.
koliubakini. dekru- redut-kales simagresa da navsadgurs
579
ganagebda samxedro komendanti

komendanti.. peratoris nebiT, daeniSna yovelwliuri pen-
1857 wels samegreloSi SemoRebuli ru- sia 30.000 maneTis odenobiT sakuTari Tavisa
suli mmarTveloba konkretul politikur vida Svilebis Sesanaxad. pensiis gacema 1857 wl-
Tarebas pasuxobda da, sabolood, miuRebeli idan daiwyo. niko dadians, mis Zmas, andrias
aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebiT didi gaurkvevloba da maT STamomavlebs ufleba hqondaT etare-
iyo sasoflo okrugebis movaleobaTa gansaz- binaT tituli „„uganaTlebulesi
uganaTlebulesi““ da gvari
RvraSi. sasoflo marTvelobebi TiTqmis dadiani-mingrelski..
dadiani-mingrelski
arafers wyvetdnen da yvela saqme sabolood kavkasiis mefisnacval aleqsandr bari-
okrugis ufrosTan iyrida Tavs. amis Sedegi atinskis SiSi, rom niko dadiani samegrelos
iyo is, rom okrugis ufrosi erTdroulad samTavros gauqmebas ar dasTanxmdeboda, us-
iyo administraciuli moxelec, policielica afuZvlo aRmoCnda. niko dadiani dasTanxmda
da mosamarTlec. rusuli marTvelobis didi kavkasiis mefisnacval mixail romanovis wi-
nakli iyo isic, rom samoqalaqo saqmeebi sa- nadadebas yovelwliuri pensiisa da ruseTSi
samarTloSi ki ar wydeboda, aramed _ admin- maioratis uflebiT SeZenili mamulis sanacv-
istraciis mier. lod samegrelos taxti daeTmo da sacxovre-
3. samegrelos samTavros de iure gauqme- blad ruseTi aerCia. kavkasiis mefisnacvali
ba. 1867 wlis 4 ianvars nikoloz (niko) dadiani samegrelos samTavros gauqmebas Cqarobda da
srulwlovani xdeboda. 1853 wels samegre- Tanac am procesis dasruleba Zalis gamoy-
los qvrivi dedoflis ekaterine WavWavaZis enebis gareSe surda. mixeil ServaSiZis afxa-
samTavros mmarTvelad gamocxadebis dros zeTis mTavris taxtidan Zalis gamoyenebiT
oficialurad dadasturda, rom igi mmarTve- gadayenebam afxazeTSi daZabuli viTareba
lis funqcias Seasrulebda manam, sanam tax- Seqmna. imperatori aleqsandr II kavkasiis me-
tis memkvidre, nikoloz daviTis Ze dadiani, fisnacvals urCevda, samegreloSi saqme mSvi-
srulwlovani gaxdeboda. 1867 wlis 4 ianvars dobianad daesrulebina. niko dadianTan mo-
niko dadiani 20 wlis xdeboda da mas sruli laparakebis procesSi monawileobda misi mam-
ufleba hqonda, ruseTis imperatoris mier ulebis meurve, dadianebis ojaxis ndobiT aR-
micemuli pirobis Sesruleba moeTxova. ale- Wurvili piri dimitri yifiani.
yifiani. Tavis moxsene-
qsandr II-s samegrelos samTavros gauqmeba baSi dimitri yifiani aRniSnavda: marTalia,
ukve gadawyvetili hqonda, mofiqrebuli iyo niko dadians eZneleba mTavris uflebebze
isic, Tu rogor gaeuqmebinaT samTavro. ka- xelis aReba, magram saxelmwifos interesebi-
vkasiis mefisnacvlis, didi mTavris, mixail dan gamomdinare, igi yovelgvar msxverplze
romanovis (1862-1881), azriT, niko dadian- wavao. molaparakebis procesSi gairkva, rom
isaTvis unda daeniSnaT mudmivi pensia, ris mTavris taxtze uaris Tqmis sanacvlod niko
sanacvlodac mas oficialurad uari unda dadians 1 milion maneTs sTavazobdnen. dadi-
eTqva samegrelos mTavris taxtze. niko da- ans Tanxa ecotava da ganacxada, rom mTavris
dianis ufrosi Svili da Semdeg samTavro uflebebis daTmobis sanacvlod mixail vo-
saxlis yoveli memkvidre miiRebda mingrel- roncovi mamaCems 4 milion maneTs sTavazob-
skis gvars. molaparakeba niko dadianTan dao. 1866 wlis 15 dekembers niko dadianma
unda ewarmoebina kavkasiis komitetis Tavmj- uqveSevrdomilesi Txovna gaugzavna ruseTis
domares Tavad pavel gagarins
gagarins.. kavkasiis me- imperator aleqsandr II-s. samegrelos tax-
fisnacvali Tvlida, rom niko dadians da mis tis memkvidre werda: srulwlovnebis asakis
memkvidreebs unda mieRoT pensia 50.000 mane- SesrulebisTanave mzad var, davTmo ufleba
Ti weliwadSi. Tanxa gamoiTvala imis mixed- samegrelos samTavroze, ris sanacvlodac
viT, Tu samegrelos mmarTvelobis Sesanaxi gTxovT jildos saxiT momceT is Tanxa, ra-
xarjebis gamoklebiT ra Semosavali Sedio- sac mixail voroncovi sTavazobda mamaCemso.
da ruseTis xazinaSi samegrelodan. Tu niko Txovnas imperatorma aseTi rezolucia daa-
dadiani moindomebda ruseTis cenralur an do: „me mas piradad Sevpirdi, Sevecdebi, ram-
dasavleT guberniebSi miwisa da sxva uZravi denadac es SesaZlebeli iqneba, uzrunvelvyo
qonebis Sesyidvas, amisaTvis mas ruseTis xa- piradad igi da misi ojaxi“.
zinidan miecemoda 1 milioni maneTi, xolo aleqsandr II-Tvis mirTmeuli Txovnis
SeZenili mamuli miiRebda maioratis statuss. Semdeg pavel gagarinma niko dadians ac-
niko dadianis dedas, ekaterine WavWavaZes, im- noba: imperators surs, rom garda fuladi
580
vaxtang guruli
jildosa, samegreloSi SeginarCunoT dadi- dianebis yofil samTavro saxlSi ufrosisaT-

anebis kuTvnili mamulio. amis Semdeg, 1866 vis mingrelskis gvaris miniWebis Sesaxeb ukve
wlis 16 dekembers, niko dadianma aleqsandr ganacxades kavkasiis yofilma mefisnacvalma
II-s ori uqveSevrdomilesi Txovna gaugza- aleqsandr bariatinskim da kavkasiis mefis-
vna: erTi piradad Tavisi saxeliT, meore _ nacvalma didma mTavarma mixailma; nikoloz
dedis saxeliT. Tavis TxovnaSi niko da- dadianisaTvis mingrelskis gvaris miniWeba
diani uars ambobda samegreloSi mamulis ruseTis xelisuflebis mxridan iqneba ndobis
SenarCunebaze, radgan mTavris uflebebis gamoxatuleba da daamSvidebs taxtis memkvi-
daTmobis Semdeg ar surda samegreloSi ri- dres, romelic mzad aris nebayoflobiT Tq-
giT miwaTmflobelad(Tavadad) darCeniliyo. vas uari mTavris uflebebze. amasTan erTad,
amasTan erTad, niko dadiani iTxovda misTvis kavkasiis komitetis sxdomaze isic aRiniSna,
ufleba miecaT, raTa samegreloSi saglexo rom 1804 wels ruseTis imperatorma ale-
reformis gatarebis (batonymobis gauqmebis) qsandr I-ma qveSevrdomobaSi SesvlasTan da-
Semdeg mTavris ojaxis kuTvnili mamulebis kavSirebiT samegrelos mTavar grigol da-
marTvas Sesdgomoda. ekaterine WavWavaZe im- dians sigeli da investitura uboZa, sigelSi
peratorisadmi mirTmeul TxovnaSi werda: aRniSnuli iyo, rom samegreloSi mTavris xe-
yovelnairad daexmareboda Svils glexTa lisufleba samudamod iqneboda SenarCunebu-
cxovrebis mowyobaSi, mamulebis aRdgenasa li. es ambavi im konteqstSi iqna gaxsenebuli,
da marTvaSi. dedofali imperators swerda, rom mingrelskis gvaris miniWeba-arminiWebis
rom, Tu misi neba iqneboda, arauadres 1867 sakiTxs aranairi principuli mniSvneloba ar
wlis Semodgomisa, samegreloSi dabrundebo- hqonda maSin, rodesac irRveoda 1804 wels
da. niko dadianma pavel gagarins sTxova, rom ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi samegre-
samegreloSi misi mamulebisaTvis maioratis los samTavros Sesvlis ZiriTadi piroba.
statusi mieniWebinaT, xolo Zmas, andrias, 1867 wlis 4 ianvars niko dadiani srul-
ufleba hqonoda, sicocxlis bolomde etare- wlovani gaxda. 4 ianvars imparatorma ale-
bina dadiani-mingrelskis gvari
gvari. qsandr II-m xeli moawera brZanebas samegrelos
pavel gagarinma dawera moxseneba samTavros gauqmebisa da samTavros terito-
nikoloz (niko) dadianis mier samegrelos riaze rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebis Ses-
samTavros taxtze uaris Tqmisa da ruseT- axeb:
Tan samegrelos samudamod SeerTebis Sesaxeb. 1. samegrelos samTavro uqmdeboda da
moxseneba 1867 wlis 2 ianvars ganixila kavka- igi samudamod uerTdeboda ruseTis imperias;
siis komitetma da erTxmad moiwona. mxolod 2. yofili samegrelos samTavros teri-
general-adiutantma miliutinma gaakeTa Sem- toriaze rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoReba,
degi SeniSvna:
SeniSvna: mingrelskis gvaris tarebis misi Sinaarsi da formebi unda ganesazRvra
uflebis mxolod nikoloz dadianisaTvis kavkasiis mefisnacvals;
miniWeba da Semdeg am gvaris mxolod maiora- 3. niko dadians kanoniT gansazRvrul
tis statusis mqone mamulis mflobelisaTvis safuZvelze unarCundeboda kerZo sakuTreba
gadacema SeiZleba ukmayofilebis mizezi gax- miwasa da sxva savargulebze, garda Savi zR-
des da gauqmebuli samTavro saxlis zogierT vis sanapiro zolisa, sadac mTavrobis mier
wevrs samTavros aRdgenis moTxovnisakenac ki aSenebuli iyo portebi;
ubiZgoso. sakiTxis amgvarad dasmis winaaRm- 4. kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli mam-
deg kavkasiis komitetis wevrebma ganacxades: ulebis sanacvlod niko dadians miecemoda 1
nikoloz dadianis taxtidan gadadgomisa da milioni maneTi;
mTavris uflebebis nebayoflobiT daTmobis 5. niko dadians daumtkicda Tavad `min-
Semdeg samegreloSi rusuli mmarTveloba grelskis~ wodeba, amasTanave, ufleba mieca
damyardeba, gvari mingrelski xelisufle- etarebina ùganaTlebulesi Tavadis~ titu-
bas veraviTar saSiSroebas ver Seuqmniso; li. mingrelskis gvarisa da uganaTlebulesi
qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebis gau- Tavadis titulis tarebis ufleba gadadioda
qmebis Semdegac orive samefo saxlis wevrebs dadianebis gvarSi ufrosze, xolo andria da-
miecaT bagration-gruzinskisa da bagration- dians SeunarCunda tituli ùganaTlebulesi~
imeretinskis gvaris tarebis ufleba, magram da mieca ufleba etarebina gvari `dadiani-
amas araviTari garTuleba ar mohyolia; da- mingrelski~. yofili samTavro saxlis yvela
581
sxva warmomadgenlis tituli iyo `Tavadi dekembers pavel gagarinma senats sTxova, ka-
dadiani~, maTve ufleba hqondaT esargeblaT vkasiis samefisnacvlodan gamoeTxova masala,
ùganaTlebulesis~ tituliT; romelSic asaxuli iqneboda is cvlilebebi,
6. niko dadianisa da dedamisis, ekater- rac moxda nakrZal mamulebSi 1857 wlis in-
ine WavWavaZis, samegreloSi, TavianT kerZo ventarizaciis Semdeg. niko dadianisaTvis
mamulSi dabrunebis sakiTxi unda gadaewyvita mflobelobis damadasturebeli erTaderTi
kavkasiis mefisnacval did mTavar mixeils. sabuTi 1857 wels Catarebuli inventarizaci-
4. niko dadiani samTavros gauqmebis Sem- is masala iyo. 1857 wels, inventarizaciis dros,
deg. 1867 wlis 4 ianvris aleqsandr II-is br- pasuxi gaeca yvela im pretenzias, romelic
Zanebis Semdeg, romlis ZaliTac niko dadian- niko dadianis mimarT gaaCndaT, Tumca preten-
ma samegreloSi mamulebi da sxva savargulebi ziebma inventarizaciis Semdegac iCina Tavi.
miiRo, mas Seuwyvites 30.000 maneTis odenobis samegreloSi batonymobis gauqmebis
yovelwliuri pensia, romelsac imperatoris Semdeg, rac aleqsandr II-is 1866 wlis 1 de-
1857 wlis 17 seqtembris reskriptiT iRebda. kembris brZanebiTa da kavkasiis mefisnacv-
niko dadians Seuwyda yovelwliuri Semo- lis, did mTavar mixailis mier 1867 wlis 17
savali 16.600 maneTis odenobiT, romelsac ianvars Sesabamisi debulebis damtkicebis
igi iRebda samegrelos samTavros sabatono safuZvelze ganxorcielda, imperatoris
da saeklesio glexebisagan misaRebi fuladi nebarTviT, niko dadiani samegreloSi dab-
begaris sanacvlod da 1.600 maneTi, romelsac runda da Tavisi mamulebis marTvas Seud-
samegrelos mTavari 1823 wlidan sabaJos Se- ga. male igi darwmunda, rom misi uZravi da
mosavlebidan iRebda. moZravi qonebis mitacebas didi masStabe-
niko dadianis mamuli Savi zRvis sanapi- bi mieRo. radgan niko dadiani ukve kerZo
romde vrceldeboda, e.i. misi mamulis saz- piri iyo, qoneba, romelic mis winaprebsa da
Rvari emTxveoda ruseTis imperiis sazRvars. mas udaod ekuTvnodaT, amjerad sasamarT-
sazRvris dacvisaTvis aucilebeli iyo zRvis los gziT unda daebrunebina. amisaTvis ki
sanapiro zoli saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi gada- aucilebeli iyo uZravi qonebis aRwera da
suliyo. zolis sigane, kavkasiis mefisnacvlis ruseTis imperiis senatSi (uzenaes sasamarT-
wardginebiT, kavkasiis komitetma 60 saJeniT loSi) maioratis statusis mqone mamulis
gansazRvra. mflobelis uflebis mopovebisaTvis sab-
1857 wels samegrelos mTavris zogierTi uTebis wardgena. 1869 wlis 21 agvistos niko
mamuli (zugdidis, gordis, salxinos da sxv.) dadianma kavkasiis mefisnacvals, did mTa-
ruseTis xelisuflebam, rogorc nakrZali var mixails, sTxova, daxmareboda misTvis am
mamulebi, ise aRwera. kavkasiis komitetis az- mniSvnelovani sakiTxis uswrafesad mogva-
riT, 1867 wels am mamulebis axali inventa- rebaSi. mefisnacvalma es saqme kavkasiis
rizacia unda Catarebuliyo. jer kidev 1857 samefisnacvlos moxeles, lomiZes
lomiZes,, miando.
wels nakrZal mamulebze didi dava daiwyo, lomiZem 1857 wlis inventarizaciis masale-
ar iyo gamoricxiuli, rom dava axali ZaliT bidan amokrifa masala, romelic mamulze
gaCaRebuliyo 1867 welsac. kanoniT, nakrZa- niko dadianis mflobelobas adasturebda.
li mamulebis flobaze pretenziis mqones sabolood, niko dadianis mamulma maiorat-
sakuTrebis damadasturebeli aqti unda is statusi mmarTveli senatisadmi aleqsan-
waredgina. aseTi aqti unda hqonoda niko da- dr II-is 1873 wlis 18 dekembris brZanebiT
diansac, radgan igi ukve mTavari ki ar iyo, SeiZina. niko dadianis udao sakuTrebad ga-
aramed _ kerZo piri. samegrelos mTavars Ta- mocxadda: 1. uZravi qoneba(miwa), garda Savi
vis droze araviTari sabuTi ar sWirdeboda zRvis sanapiro zolisa, romlis siganec
nakrZali mamulebis flobis uflebis dasamt- 60 saJeni iyo; 2. mamuli `sadedoflo~, ro-
kiceblad. magram roca mTavari kerZo piri melic ekaterine WavWavaZes gadaeca sicocx-
gaxda, kanoni aseT sabuTs iTxovda. am viTare- lis bolomde flobis uflebiT. am miwebze
baSi niko dadianis meurveebma xelisuflebis cxovrobda 2922 komli droebiT valdebuli
winaSe daayenes sakiTxi nakrZali mamulebis glexi.
niko dadianis sakuTrebad cnobis Sesaxeb. ru- ekatyerine WavWavaZe 1882 wels gardaicv-
seTis imperiis senatma ar cno niko dadianis ala, niko dadiani _ 1903 wels, andria dadiani
pretenziebi nakrZal mamulebze. 1869 wlis 10 _ 1910 wels.
582
vaxtang guruli
§2 svaneTis samTavros gauqmeba am Txovnam mixail voroncovi seriozulad

daafiqra: svanebi, romlebic aqamde aravis
1. viTareba svaneTSi samTavros gauqmebis
emorCilebodnen, axla ruseTis qveSevrdomo-
win. 1841 wlis seqtemberSi cioy dadeSqeliani,
dadeSqeliani,
baSi Sesvlas iTxovdnen. Tavisufali svaneTis
romelic rusebs ubixebis winaaRmdeg brZo-
Temebis warmomadgenlebis TbilisSi Casvlam
laSi exmareboda, gardaicvala. cioys darCa
garkveulwilad Secvala mixail voroncovis
vaJebi: konstantine ((murzayani
murzayani),), aleqsandre
damokidebuleba konstantine dadeSqelianis
(islami
islami),), Tengizi ((nikolozi
nikolozi),), cioyi ((mix-
mix-
gamTavrebis sakiTxisadmi. viTarebaSi safuZ-
eili).
eili ). mamis gardacvalebisas ufrosi Svili
vlianad garkvevis mizniT mefisnacvalma
konstantine 14 wlis iyo. momavali mTavris
svaneTSi polkovniki ivan barTolomei gagzav-
meurveoba bebia digorxanma ikisra. bebiam
na. male barTolomeim kavkasiis mefisnacvals
konstantine da misi Zmebi samegrelos mosaz-
moaxsena, rom dadianebi da dadeSqelianebi
Rvre sofel xudonSi gagzavna, xolo TviTon
marTlac aviwroebdnen Tavisufal svaneTs da
faris koSkSi darCa. digorxanis meurveobam
amitom mis ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi miRebas
TaTaryan dadeSqelianis aRSfoTeba gamoi-
gadaudeblad miiCnevda. barTolomei, pirvel
wvia. 1843 wels TaTaryani Tavis vaJ jamsuR-
rigSi, aucileblad Tvlida svaneTis saboqau-
Tan erTad Tavs daesxa sofel faris miuval
los Seqmnas. es azri moiwones da male saboqa-
cixe-koSkSi myof digorxans, magram koSki ver
uloc Seiqmna. barTolomeis Semdeg svaneTSi
aiRo. TaTaryan dadeSqelianma koSkis gadaw-
gagzavnes quTaisis vice-gubernatori, niko-
va gadawyvita. kvamliT gagudvas digorxan-
lai koliubakinis Zma, mixail koliubakini
koliubakini..
ma koSkidan gadmoxtoma arCia da sicocxle
koliubakinis mogzaurobis mizans svaneTSi
TviTmkvlelobiT daasrula. amis Semdeg
rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba warmoad-
faris koSks TaTaryanis meore vaJi oTari
genda. svaneTSi koliubakins didi aRfr-
daeufla. rva Tvis Semdeg cioy dadeSqelia-
TovanebiT ar Sexvedrian, es Seexeba rogorc
nis Svilebma konstantinem da aleqsandrem
sadadeSqeliano, ise Tavisufal svaneTs.
oTari faris koSkidan gaaZeves. cxadia, ru-
1850 wels Rrmad moxucebulma TaTaryan
seTis xelisuflebisaTvis cioy da TaTaryan
dadeSqelianma Tavisi samflobelo, rusebis
dadeSqelianebis Svilebs Soris mimdinare
xelisuflebis nebis sawinaaRmdegod, vaJebs,
sisxliani dapirispireba cnobili iyo. miuxe-
oTarsa da jamsuRs
jamsuRs,, gauyo. amieridan xelisu-
davad amisa, oTar da jamsuR dadeSqelianebi-
flebisaTvis brZolaSi erTmaneTs oTar da
saTvis xelisuflebas pasuxi ar mouTxovia,
jamsuR dadeSqelianebi daupirispirdnen.
cioy dadeSqelianis Svilebis interesebi ar
ukve srulwlovanma konstantine dadeS-
daucavs. male aleqsandre dadeSqeliani ru-
qelianma colad SeirTo abJus mflobel ali
seTSi waiyvanes da niJni novgorodis polkSi
bei ServaSiZisa da kesaria dadianis qaliS-
Caricxes.
vili rusudan (adilxan) ServaSiZe da am gziT
saqarTveloSi darCenil konstantine
ServaSiZeebisa da dadianebis sagvareuloebs
dadeSqelians mfarvelobdnen da yuradRebas
daunaTesavda. konstantine dadeSqeliani,
ar aklebdnen samegrelos dedofali ekater-
cxadia, grZnobda, rom ruseTis xelisufleba
ine WavWavaZe da misi da nino WavWavaZe-gri-
svaneTis samTavros gauqmebisaTvis emzade-
boedovisa. konstantine xSirad stumrobda
boda. amis gamo man gadawyvita seriozulad
zugdidSi. kavkasiis mefisnacvalma mixail
Sesdgomoda samTavros marTva-gamgeobis
voroncovma (1844-1854) konstantine dadeS-
mowesrigebas da mieRwia svaneTSi mSvidobis
qeliani TbilisSi miiwvia, Tbilad miiRo da
damyarebisaTvis. svaneTSi, tradiciulad, Za-
dahpirda: rogorc ki srulwlovani gaxdebi,
lze rTuli gadasaWreli iyo saqonlisaTvis
imperatoris winaSe viSuamdgomleb, raTa
aucilebeli saZovrisa da saTibis gamijvnis
mTavris uflebebi moganiWoso. konstantine
sakiTxi. Zneli gamodga igi konstantine dadeS-
dadeSqelianis TbilisSi yofnis dros me-
qelianisTvisac, miT ufro, rom saZovrebis
fisnacvalTan Tavisufali svaneTis depu-
gamijvnisa da iqedan miRebuli gadasaxadis
tacia Cavida. Tavisufali svaneTis Temebis
ganawilebis saqmeSi aqtiurad ereodnen same-
warmomadgenlebma mixail voroncovTan Sex-
grelosa da afxazeTis mTavrebi. male kon-
vedrisas ganacxades: dadianebi da dadeSqe-
stantinesa da jamsuR dadeSqelianebs So-
lianebi ar gvasveneben, gvebrZvian da amitom
ris molaparakeba daiwyo, magram Serigeba
gTxovT ruseTis qveSevrdomobaSi migviRoTo.
583
jer Sors iyo. aseT viTarebaSi konstantine Zmebis afxazeTis mTavarTan wasvla mainc Ta-
dadeSqeliani afxazeTis mTavar mixeil Ser- vis Seuracxyofad miiRo da svaneTis mTavari
vaSiZesa da samegrelos mTavar daviT dadians konstantine dadeSqeliani mtrad Seracxa.
Soris dawyebul dapirispirebaSi aRmoCnda Ca- konstantine da aleqsandre dadeS-
Treuli. samegrelos mTavarma konstantineze qelianebis jer qvaSixorSi, xolo Semdeg
mas Semdeg aicrua guli, rac man colad ru- WkaduaSSi Casvlis ambavi jamsuR dadeSqe-
sudan (adilxan) ServaSiZe SeirTo. lianma Seityo da 1855 wlis zafxulSi ukve
XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi TviTon svaneT- gordSi myof ekaterine WavWavaZes Sexvedra
Si Seqmnil daZabul viTarebas kidev ufro ar- sTxova. dedoflis Tanxmobis Semdeg jamsuRi
Tulebda winaaRmdegobebi konstantine dadeS- SvilebTan, TengizTan da gelasTan, erTad
qelians, daviT dadiansa da mixeil ServaSiZes gordSi Cavida. rogorc Sexvedrisas gairkva,
Soris. swored am periodSi ruseTidan svaneT- jamsuR dadeSqelians dedoflis mokiTxva
Si dabrunda konstantine dadeSqelianis Zma ki ar hqonia miznad, aramed sxva ufro mniS-
aleqsandre. Zmebi darwmundnen, rom samegre- vnelovani saqmis mogvarebisaTvis iRvwoda:
losa da afxazeTis samTavroebTan sadavo ramdenime wlis win, jer kidev daviT dadia-
saZovrebis sakiTxi molaparakebis gziT ar ganis mTavrobisas, leCxumis bazrobis dros,
daiWreboda, ris gamoc kavkasiis mefisnacvals sofel muris axlos, latalis sazogadoe-
sTxoves daxmareba. Tbilisidan svaneTSi me- bidan Camosul svanebsa da megrelebs Soris
fisnacvlis adiutant podpolkovnik galat- Cxubi amtydara, romlis drosac ori megreli
eris meTaurobiT komisia gaigzavna. saqme mouklavT. daviT dadiani ganrisxebula da
gaWianurda. amasobaSi, 1853 wels, yirimis brZaneba gaucia: cxeniswylis xeobiT arcer-
omic daiwyo da komisiamac muSaoba Sewyvita. Ti lataleli svani samegreloSi ar SemouS-
1855 wlis zamTarSi samegrelos dedo- vaTo. leCxumis bazrobas mowyvetili svanebi
fali ekaterine da misi da nino sofel qva- mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenilan, radgan
SixorSi cxovrobdnen. debTan gamocxadnen marils swored am bazrobaze yidulobdnen.
konstantine da aleqsandre dadeSqelianebi,
dadeSqelianebi, latalelebma daviT dadians Sendoba sTxoves
raTa samegrelosa da svaneTs Soris sadao da mzad iyvnen patiebis sanacvlod jarimis
saZovrebis sakiTxi ganexilaT. gairkva, rom saxiT Tanxac gadaexadaT. samegrelos mTa-
dadeSqelianebs saerTod araferi scod- vars Txovna ar Seuwynarebia da amjerad ukve
niaT afxazeTsa da samegreloSi omer faSas jamsuR dadeSqeliani patiebas samegrelos
laSqrobis Sesaxeb. viTareba sxva mxrivac ar dedoflisgan iTxovda. ekaterine WavWavaZem
iyo xelsayreli molaparakebisaTvis. sul jamsuRs saTxovari Seusrula da latalel
cota xnis win ekaterine WavWavaZem warumate- svanebs samegrelos samTavros teritoriaze
bloba ganicada sujunis saeklesio mamulebis Sesvlis ufleba misca. sabolood, mosala-
xelSi Cagdebis mcdelobisas. samegrelos parakeblad latalis sazogadoebis warmo-
dedofals eWvi hqonda, rom saeklesio mam- madgenlebi gordSi dedofalTan unda Casu-
ulebis xelSi Cagdeba mas afxazeTis mTavarma liyvnen. ekaterine WavWavaZem jamsuR dadeS-
mixeil ServaSiZem CauSala, romelic imxanad qelians saZovrebic uboZa. cxadi gaxda, rom
sofel WkaduaSSi Tavisi simamris, grigol amieridan jamsuR dadeSqeliani mixeil Ser-
dadianis, mamulSi cxovrobda. konstantine vaSiZis mteri xdeboda, xolo konstantine
dadeSqelians ekaterine WavWavaZe ServaSiZis dadeSqeliani _ ekaterine WavWavaZisa. male
qalze daqorwinebis gamo cudi TvaliT uy- mokles jamsuR dadeSqeliani. jamsuRis mkvl-
urebda. amitom iyo, rom qvaSixorSi kon- elobas misi ojaxi da naTesavebi konstantines
stantine dadeSqelianis Casvlas samegrelos abralebdnen. viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba.
dedofalma eWviT Sexeda da svaneTis mTavari 2. mzadeba svaneTis samTavros gauqmebi-
mixeil ServaSiZis migzavnilad CaTvala. ekat- saTvis. 1855 wels dadeSqelianebis samTavro
saTvis
erine WavWavaZem Zmebi civad miiRo, saZovrebze saxlSi kvlav didi uTanxmoeba Camovarda.
molaparakeba ar Sedga da dadeSqelianebic omer faSas jarebis winaaRmdeg brZolis pro-
sofel WkaduaSSi mixeil ServaSiZes estum- cesSi kavkasiis mefisnacvalma nikolai murav-
rnen. marTalia, ekaterine WavWavaZem konstan- iovma (1854-1856) svaneTSi jaris Seyvanas Tavi
tine da aleqsandre dadeSqelianebi civad aarida, Tumca cioy dadeSqelianis Svilebs,
miiRo da molaparakebac ar Sedga, magram konstantines da aleqsandres
aleqsandres,, xazinidan dan-
584
vaxtang guruli
iSnuli yovelwliuri pensia Seuwyvita. 1856 unda miniWeboda da mis saqmianobaSi svaneTis
wels TbilisSi kavkasiis axali mefisnacvali mTavari ver unda Careuliyo.
aleqsandr bariatinski (1856-1862) Camovida. 1857 wlis zafxulSi quTaisis general-
bariatinskim quTaisis general-gubernatorad gubernatorma aleqsandr gagarinma kavka-
aleqsandr gagarini daniSna. quTaisis sagener- siis mefisnacval aleqsandr bariatinskis
(1856-1862) acnoba, rom konstantine dadeS-
qelianma Tavisufali svaneTis ori sazoga-
doeba daimorCila da misi mosaxleoba Tavis
erTgulebaze daafica. konstantine dadeSqe-
lianis gabeduli moqmedeba kavkasiis mefis-
nacvalma uyuradRebod ar datova, svaneTSi
polkovnik piotr uslaris meTaurobiT ruse-
Tis jari gagzavna. konstantine dadeSqelians
ruseTis jarisaTvis winaaRmdegoba ar gauw-
evia, arc TbilisSi gamgzavrebaze uTqvams
uari. TbilisSi Camosvlis Semdeg konstantine
male quTaisSi gagzavnes, sadac igi polkovnik
ivan barTolemeis mudmivi meTvalyureobis
qveS cxovrobda. quTaisSi yofnisas gener-
al-gubernatorma aleqsandr gagarinma kon-
stantine dadeSqelians acnoba, rom yvela
dadeSqeliani quTaisSi unda Sekrebiliyo,
konstantine dadeSqeliani
algubernatoroSi Sedioda: imereTi, guria,

samegrelo, svaneTi da afxazeTi. gagarini
quTaisSi 1857 wlis TebervalSi Cavida. gener-
al-gubernatoris Stabis ufrosi polkovniki
piotr uslari iyo. gagarinma uslars svaneT-
Si Seqmnil viTarebaSi garkveva daavala. us-
larma CaTvala, rom, pirvel rigSi, sadadeS-
qeliano svaneTis sakiTxi unda gaerkvia.
man svaneTi Semoiara, didi masala Seagrova
da quTaisis general-gubernators Semdegi
daskvnebi warudgina: 1.jamsuR dadeSqelianis
mkvlelobas misi ojaxi da samegrelos dedo- aleqsandr gagarini
fali ekaterine WavWavaZe konstantine dadeS-
qelians abralebdnen; 2. konstantine dadeS- raTa svaneTis samTavrosTan dakavSirebiT ka-
qelians saidumlo urTierToba hqonda omer vkasiis mefisnacval aleqsandr bariatinskis
faSasTan; 3. konstantine dadeSqeliani ruse- gadawyvetileba moesmina. konstantinem pro-
Tis xelisuflebas mxars ar uWerda arc omer testi gamoTqva da ganacxada, rom misi Zmebi
faSas samegreloSi yofnis dros da arc yiri- quTaisSi manam ar Cavidodnen, sanam igi srul
mis omis damTavrebis Semdeg; 4. Tavisufali Sewyalebas ar miiRebda. amasTan erTad, kon-
svaneTis boqauls gansakuTrebuli uflebebi stantine dadeSqeliani mudmivad gamoTqvamda
585
ukmayofilebas, rom igi arasrulwlovanis li xelmeored iSiSvla da aleqsandr gagarins

msgavsad quTaisSi meurveobis qveS imyofe- jer xelze daartya, xolo Semdeg mucelSi
boda, metic, quTaisis general-gubernators Casca. gagarinis sasikvdilod daWris Semdeg
imperatorTan CiviliTac ki daemuqra. ale- konstantine dadeSqelianma kidev mTargmneli
qsandr gagarini konstantine dadeSqelians Talxan ardiSvili mokla, guberniis moxele
arwmunebda, rom misi da misi Zmebis cxovreba nikolai ilini sasikvdilod daWra, daWra gu-
yovelmxriv ukeTesi iqneboda, Tu is kavkasi- bernatoris mzareuli maqsimi
maqsimi,, romlis Wri-
is mefisnacvlis brZanebas daemorCileboda. lobac sasikvdilo ar aRmoCnda.
male konstantine dadeSqelians mefisnacvlis quTaisis general-gubernator ale-
saxeliT peterburgSi an erevanSi sacxovre- qsandr gagarinis mkvlelobis ambavi swrafad
blad gadasvla SesTavazes, ramac igi uki- gavrcelda qalaqSi. gubernatoris saxlTan
duresad aRaSfoTa. 1857 wlis 20 oqtombers saswrafod gamocxaddnen quTaisis samoqa-
quTaisis general-gubernatorma aleqsandr laqo gubernatori ivanovi
ivanovi,, policmaisteri
gagarinma konstantine dadeSqeliani Ta- da saxazo batalionis erTi aseuli. gaqceu-
visTan miiwvia, raTa aleqsandr bariatinskis li konstantine dadeSqeliani mdinare rio-
gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis aucileblobaSi nis meore napirze ver gadavida da Tavi iqve
daerwmunebina. konstantine dadeSqelianma axlos, vinme baqraZis saxls, Seafara. saxls
samTavros saqmeTa mosagvareblad svaneTSi saswrafod Semoartya alya saxazo batalio-
gaSveba iTxova, razedac gagarinisagan uari nis aseulma, konstantine dadeSqelians saxl-
miiRo. dadeSqelianma Txovna kvlav gaimeora Si Tofi upovia da sami kaci kidev dauWria.
da general-gubernators sami TveSi svaneTi- srolis dros konstantines tyviam mklavis
dan dabrunebis piroba misca. gagarins aseT Zvali daumsxvria, igi Seipyres da hauptvaxt-
Txovnaze gaecina da uTxra: sami TviT ki ara Si moaTavses. mZimed daWrili aleqsandr gaga-
sami dRiTac ver gagiSveb, sami saaTiTac ver rini 27 oqtombers gardaicvala.
gagiSveb, dResve unda wabrZandeT erevanSio. aleqsandre bariatinskim samxedro-
aRelvebuli gagarini win da ukan siaruls savele sasamarTlos Tavmjdomared generali
mohyva, rogorc ki man konstantine dadeS- Tavadi beqTabegovi daniSna. sasamarTlo pro-
qelians zurgi Seaqcia, am ukanasknelma xan- cesi 1857 wlis 4 noembers gaimarTa. bralde-
jali iZro. SeSinebulma mTargmnelma iziums- bulma damcvelad airCia samegrelos mmarTve-
kim isRa moaswro, rom general-gubernators li nikolai koliubakini.
koliubakini. koliubakini imxanad
frangulad miaZaxa: ùfrTxildiT, Tavado, quTaisSi ar imyofeboda, ris gamoc, konstan-
mokvlas gipirebs!“ gagarini ise iyo aRelve- tine dadeSqelianis nebis sawinaaRmdegod
buli, rom gafrTxileba ar gaugonia, kon- damcvelad sasamarTlom quTaisis samoqalaqo
stantine dadeSqelianma xanjliani xeli Zirs gubernatori ivanovi daniSna. sasamarTloze
CamouSva, xolo Semdeg qarqaSSi Caago. gaga- konstantine dadeSqelianma ganacxada: me
rinma saubari gaagrZela da konstantines aleqsandr gagarinis mokvla ar mindoda, igi
mimarTa: me imitom mogixmeT, rom mefisnacv- aRelvebis Jams Semomakvda, mindoda momekla
lis gadawyvetileba mecnobebina, rac dauyo- mTavari borotmoqmedebi _ ivan barTolomei
nebliv unda aRsruldes da erevanSi gaemgzav- da piotr uslari, romelTac gagarins Tavgza
roT, meti TqvenTan saTqmeli araferi maqvso. daubnieso. bolos braldebulma ganacxada:
gagarinma dadeSqelians Tavi daukra da amiT Zalian vwuxvar, uslari da barTolomei rom
acnoba, rom miReba dasrulda. konstantine ver movkalio. samxedro savele sasamarTlom
dadeSqeliani erT adgilze idga da ar iZv- konstantine dadeSqelians daxvreta miusaja.
roda. bolos man iziumskis mimarTa: auxse- 5 noembers svaneTis ukanaskneli mTavari sa-
niT Tavads, rom fuli srulebiT ara maqvso. jarod daxvrites quTaisSi.
roca gagarins iziumskim naTqvami uTargmna, aleqsandr gagarinis nacvlad quTaisis
odnav damSvidebulma gagarinma mTargmnels general-gubernatorad 1857 wels general-
uTxra: gadauTargmneT, rom fulze nu wuxs, leitenanti Tavadi giorgi erisTavi dainiS-
fuli imdeni eqneba, ramdenic dasWirdebao. na, romelic am Tanamdebobaze 1861 wlamde
amis Semdeg gagarini Tavis magidasTan mivi- darCa. 1861 wlidan 1863 wlamde quTaisis
da, ujra gamoaRo da fulis dasta amoiRo, general-gubernatori general-leitenanti
imave wams konstantine dadeSqelianma xanja- nikolai koliubakini iyo.
586
vaxtang guruli
3. svaneTis samTavros gauqmeba. 1858 wlis raTi miviReT: samurzayanoSi qarTuli samar-
aprilSi aleqsandr bariatinskim quTaisis Tali damkvidrda, webeldaSi _ Cerqezuli,
axal general-gubernators, giorgi erisTavs, xolo afxazeTis Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi
ubrZana, rom svaneTis sapristao Seeqmna da _ islamuri.
svaneTi pristavis mmarTvelobisaTvis dae- afxazeTis samTavroSi mosaxleoba did
qvemdebarebina. imave brZanebiT, cioy dadeS- winaaRmdegobas uwevda Temebsa da TemTa ka-
qelianis STamomavlebs, konstantine dadeSqe- vSirebSi xelisuflebis centralizacias _
lianis colsa da Svilebs, yovelwliuri pen- erTi piris xelSi Tavmoyras. Temi da TemTa
sia daeniSnaT. 1859 wels cioy dadeSqelianis kavSiri Tavisi gansakuTrebuli adaT-wesebiTa
memkvidreebma 150.000 maneTi miiRes, ris sanacv- da kanonebiT cxovrobda. afxazeTis Temebis
lodac mTavris uflebebze xeli aiRes. Cubux- mosaxleoba socialuri niSnis mixedviT or
evisa da beCos Temebi xazinas gadaeca. eceris fenad iyofoda, mfarvelad da mfarvelobis
TemSi batonymuri urTierToba unda damyare- qveS myofad
myofad.. yoveli Temis saTaveSi idga erTi
buliyo da igi ara mTavris, aramed Tavadis cnobili da gavleniani sagvareulo mfarvel-
uflebiT Tengiz dadeSqelians unda ganego. Ta fenidan, romelic axorcielebda aRmas-
rulebel xelisuflebas. saukuneebis ganma-
vlobaSi afxazeTis mTavrebma xelisuflebis
vertikali ver Seqmnes, amitom iyo, rom Te-
§3 afxazeTis samTavros gauqmeba
mis mmarTvelobis forma maTTvis misaRebi
1. afxazeTis samTavro XIX saukunis 30-iani aRmoCnda. sasamarTlo ZiriTadad afxazur
wlebis damdegidan 50-iani wlebis damdegamde. adaT-wesebs eyrdnoboda, SariaTis normebi
ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlisa iSviaTad gamoiyeneboda. ganaCeni Suamaval-
(1810 w.) da samTavros teritoriaze ruseTis Ta (mediatorTa) sasamarTlos gamohqonda,
jaris ganlagebis (1830 w.) Semdeg afxazeTSi romelTac mxareebi irCevdnen. momCivanic da
Sinagani mmarTvelobis mxriv araferi Secvli- mopasuxec fics sdebda, rom sasamarTlos ga-
la. afxazeTs, samurzayanosa da webeldasTan naCens daemorCileboda. ganaCeni gamocxadebi-
erTad, flobda mTavari ServaSiZeTa sagva- sTanave unda aRsrulebuliyo.
reulodan. mixeil ServaSiZes samTavros Sinaur
afxazeTis mTavari samTavros gauqmebis mmarTvelobaSi araferi Seucvlia. soxumsa
win iyo mixeil ServaSiZe (1822-1864). mTavar- da afxazeTis sxva strategiul adgileb-
Tan erTad afxazeTis marTva-gamgeobaSi aris- Si ganlagebuli ruseTis jari saqmeSi maSin
tokratia (Tavadebi) monawileobda. umniS- Caereoda xolme, roca samTavroSi arsebuli
vnelovanesi sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad iwvevd- mudmivi dapirispirebebi sisxliani Sejaxebis
nen saxalxo krebas, romelsac, Tavadebis zRvramde midioda.
garda, aznaurebic eswrebodnen. afxazeTSi afxazeTis samTavrosa da ruseTis impe-
batonymoba misi tradiciuli, qarTuli, gage- rias Soris aranairi ekonomikuri kavSiri ar
biT ar arsebobda. amitom iyo, rom saxalxo arsebobda, ruseTis imperiis xazinis sasarge-
krebas SeiZleboda glexobis warmomadgen- blod afxazeTSi gadasaxadi ar ikribeboda,
lebic daswrebodnen. mTavari iyo qveyanaSi gadasaxadebidan miRebuli mTeli Semosavali
simSvidisa da kanonierebis garanti, Tumca mixeil ServaSiZes rCeboda. 1846 wels ruse-
am funqciis Sesruleba afxazeTis yvela mTa- Tis xelisuflebam mixeil ServaSiZes 12.000
vars, maT Soris mixeil ServaSiZesac, Zalze maneTis odenobis wliuri pensia dauniSna, ris
uWirda. bolo saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi afxa- sanacvlodac afxazeTis Savi zRvis sanapiroze
zeTSi, samurzayanosa da webeldaSi islamuri arsebuli yvela porti CamoarTva. portebSi
samarTlis normebis damkvidrebas cdilobda rusebma karantini da sabaJo moawyves. sabaJo
sunituri osmaleTi, xolo Cerqezebs TavianTi Semosavali mTlianad ruseTis imperiis xazi-
tradiciuli adaT-wesebi SemohqondaT. afxa- naSi Sedioda.
zeTSi osmaluri da Cerqezuli gavlenis wi- afxazeTSi rusuli administracia da
naaRmdeg erTiani qarTuli samefos daSlis rusuli sasamarTlo mxolod qalaq sox-
Semdeg samegrelos mTavrebi ibrZodnen, rom- umSi moqmedebda. samTavroSi ruseTis jaris
lebic iq qarTuli samarTlis normebis dam- meTauri imavdroulad iyo soxumis qalaqis
kvidrebas cdilobdnen. sabolood aseTi su- Tavi da soxumis policiis ufrosi.
ufrosi. soxumSi
587
sasamarTlo saqmeebs wyvetda ratuSa

ratuSa,, romlis samurzayanos samegrelos samTavrodan
wevrebsac qalaqis mosaxleoba irCevda. ratu- gamoyofis (1840 w.) Semdeg iq sapristao Seiqm-
Sa meore safexuris sasamarTlos warmoadgen- na. sapristaos mmarTvelobaSi Sedioda: pris-
da. soxumis ratuSis gamgeblobaSi Sedioda: tavi, 4 iasauli da mTargmneli. samurzayanos
kontraqtebis gaformeba, veqsilebis Sedgena, okrugis pirvelma pristavma Stabs-kapitanma
mindobilobis gaformeba, ymis flobis Sesaxeb kirilovma zemdgom instanciebs Suamdgomlo-
dokumentis gacema da, saerTod, yvela saqme, biT mimarTa, romlis arsi iyo: samurzayanos
romelic, rusuli kanonmdeblobiT, pirveli okrugSi pristavis zedamxedvelobiT unda
safexuris sasamarTloSi ixileboda. soxumis Seqmniliyo zepiri sasamarTlo („ словесный
(„словесный
ratuSaSi samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTl- суд“),
суд“), romlis wevrebad (mdivanbegebad) unda
lis saqmeebis ganxilvisas gaTvaliswinebuli aerCiaT 4 Tavadi da aznauri. kavkasiis mTa-
unda yofiliyo Semdegi garemoebani: 1. saqmes, varsardalma evgeni golovinma Suamdgomloba
romliTac dainteresebuli iyo aristokra- daakmayofila. zepiri sasamarTlos mdivan-
begebi xazinidan jamagirs ar iRebdnen, maTi
sargo ganisazRvreboda ganxiluli saqmis Ri-
rebulebis garkveuli procentiT. samurzaya-
nos zepiri sasamarTlo ganaCenis gamotanisas
xelmZRvanelobda vaxtang VI-is samarTliTa
da adgilobrivi adaT-wesebiT. 1844 wels
samurzayanos okrugSi zepiri sasamarT-
los muSaobis Semowmebis mizniT gaigzavna
polkovniki dunini. saqmis gacnobis Semdeg
dunins zepiri sasamarTlo sistema moewona,
magram seriozul naklad miiCnia is, rom mdi-
vanbegebi xazinidan ar iRebdnen gasamrjelos.
duninis azriT, maTi sargos gazrdis mizniT
mdivanbegebs SeeZloT gansaxilveli saqmis
Rirebuleba xelovnurad gaezardaT.
1848 wels mixail voroncovma samurzaya-
nos okrugi quTaisis gubernias SeuerTa. amis
Semdeg okrugis pristavi mazris ufrosis
uflebiT sargeblobda. jerjerobiT SenarCu-
nebul iqna zepiri sasamarTloc. samurzaya-
mixeil ServaSiZe nos mmarTvelobis sistema 1849 wlis 9 ivnisis
kanoniT ganisazRvra. kanonis ZaliT, zepiri
tia, ratuSa saerTo samsjavroze ixilavda, sasamarTlo Tavmjdomarisa da 5 mdivanbe-
romlis sxdomasac aristokratiis ori war- gisagan Sedgeboda. yirimis omis dasrulebis
momadgeneli eswreboda; 2. sisxlis samarTlis (1856 w.) Semdeg samurzayanos okrugis zepir
saqmeebs, romlebic saerTo sawyisebze dabali sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareobda pristavi.
sasamarTlo instanciidan Semodioda, soxumis 1858 wels kavkasiis mefisnacvalma aleqsandr
ratuSa quTaisis general-gubernators ugza- bariatinskim quTaisis general-gubernators
vnida; 3. soxumis ratuSaSi samoqalaqo saqme- samurzayanos okrugze Tavlyuris devneba
ze ganaCenis gamotanis Semdeg, Tu orive mxare daavala. imavdroulad bariatinskis azriT,
ukmayofilo darCeboda, saqme quTaisis gen- samurzayanoSi unda SenarCunebuliyo 1849
eral-gubernators gadaegzavneboda (rogorc wlis 9 ivnisis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wes-
samoqalaqo, ise sisxlis samarTlis saqme Ta- wyobileba.
vis daskvnasTan erTad quTaisis general-gu- afxazeTis samTavros ruseTis imperi-
bernators SeeZlo kavkasiis mefisnacvlisaT- is qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlidan oTxi aTeuli
vis gaegzavna saboloo msjavris gamosatanad. wlis Semdegac ki kanonmdeblobis safuZvel-
soxumis ratuSaSi apelaciis wesiT ganxilul ze ar mowesrigebula afxazeTis mTavrisa da
saqmeebze gamotanil ganaCensac quTaisis gen- quTaisis general-gebernatoris, afxazeTis
eral-gubernatori amtkicebda. mTavrisa da kavkasiis mefisnacvlis urTier-
588
vaxtang guruli
Tobani. mTeli uflebamosileba, romelsac saCivra da samurzayanos dabruneba moiTxo-

afxazeTis mTavari axorcielebda, sadavo iyo, va. igi, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu samurzayanos ar
iseve, rogorc sadavo da xSirad ukanono iyo daubrunebdnen, fulad anazRaurebas iTxov-
quTaisis general-gubernatorisa da kavka- da. evgeni golovinis mmarTvelobis wlebSi
siis mefisnacvlis gadawyvetilebani afxaze- es sakiTxi ar gadawyda. 1845 wels, kavkasiis
Tis samTavros mimarT. mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis mefisnacval mixail voroncovis Suamdgom-
pirobebi mixeil ServaSiZes uflebas aZlevda lobis Semdeg, samegrelos mTavarma samurza-
Sinauri saqmeebis gadawyvetisas sruliad da- yanos sanacvlod 25.000 maneTi miiRo, rac
moukidebeli yofiliyo, xolo mowinaaRmdege mixeil ServaSiZem ukanonod miiCnia, radgan
politikuri Zalis gaaqtiurebis SemTxveva- Tvlida, rom samurzayano mas ekuTvnoda. igi
Si samTavroSi ganlagebuli ruseTis jaris acxadebda, rom murzayan ServaSiZis Semdeg
(6.000 oficeri da jariskaci) imedi hqonoda. samurzayanos mudam ServaSiZeTa samTavro
Savi zRvis sanapiro dacvis me-3 ganyofilebis saxlis warmomadgenlebi flobdnen. mixeil
ufrosebs ruseTis xelisufleba mudmivad ServaSiZe gaRizianebuli iyo imiTac, rom
afrTxilebda, rom afxazeTis marTva-gamgeoba samegrelos mTavarma samurzayanos zogierTi
mTavris keTilganwyobilebis gareSe SeuZle- sofeli miitaca. Tavisi protesti afxaze-
beli iyo. afxazeTis portebSi sakarantino da Tis mTavarma Zalze mwvave formiT gamoxata
sabaJo samsaxurebis Seqmnam xeli Seuwyo vaW- Savi zRvis sanapiro xazis ufrosTan, general
robis ganviTarebas. budbergTan, Sexvedrisas. afxazeTis mTavrisa
mixeil ServaSiZis pirveli coli Cerqezi da general budbergis saubari samTavroSi
qali iyo. mTavari mas uSvilobis gamo gaeyara rusuli administraciuli dawesebulebebis
da colad SeirTo nikoloz (niko) mingrels- mowinaaRmdege Tavadebisa da aznaurebis gas-
kis ukanono Svili meniki dadiani. marTalia, axlebas exeboda. generali budbergi Tanaxma
qorwineba Sedga, magram mixeil ServaSiZesa da iyo antirusuli orientaciis aznaurebi da
meuRlis ojaxs Soris afxazuri da megruli Tavadebi afxazeTidan gaesaxlebina, magram
adaT-wesebis SeuTavseblobis gamo serio- samTavroSi mRelvarebis dawyebas moerida da
zuli uTanxmoeba Camovarda. praqtikulad, sabolood mTavars am aqtze uari uTxra. ga-
col-qmars erT WerqveS ar ucxovriaT. mixeil nawyenebulma mixeil ServaSiZem generals ga-
ServaSiZisaTvis es Seuracxmyofeli iyo, gar- nucxada: me gadavdgebi, mTavris xelisufleba
da amisa, mTavari mouTmenlad eloda memkvid- gaauqmeT da samTavro samarTavad ruseTis
ris dabadebas. konfliqti 2-3 weli gagrZel- xazinas gadaeceso. samagierod, mTavari ru-
da, mixeil ServaSiZe sagonebelSi Cavarda: seTSi an saqarTveloSi (imereTSi) mamulebis
ori cocxali meuRlis pirobebSi igi mesamed gamoyofas iTxovda. generalma budbergma ga-
unda daqorwinebuliyo. sruliad SemTxveviT nacxada, rom afxazeTi mTavris xelisuflebis
mTavarma Tavisi naTesavis, kesaria ServaSiZis, gareSe ver darCeboda, razec mixeil Srva-
ojaxSi gaicno grigol dadianis silamaziT SiZisagan aseTi pasuxi miiRo: `mTavris Rirse-
ganTqmuli qaliSvili aleqsandra
aleqsandra.. kavkasiis ba amjerad Zlier damcirebulia, SeiZleba
mTavrsardal grigori rozenis (1831-1837) wi- mTavari iyo, magram ara _ ruseTis xelisu-
naaRmdegobis miuxedavad, mixeil ServaSiZem flebis pirobebSi~. amis Semdeg mixeil Ser-
aleqsandra dadianze daiwera jvari. afxaze- vaSiZem xan zepiri, xan werilobiTi formiT
Tis mTavris meuRlem ruseTis imperatorisa- ramdenjerme moiTxova afxazeTis mTavro-
gan jildod wm. ekaterines ordeni miiRo. si- bidan gadayeneba. 1847 wlis bolos man mox-
lamaziT Semkuli aleqsandra dadiani Wkviani, seneba miarTva kavkasiis mefisnacval mixail
windaxeduli da kargi meojaxe gamodga. voroncovs. afxazeTis mTavari kavkasiis me-
mixeil ServaSiZes ruseTis xelisufle- fisnacvals sTxovda mTavrobidan gadayene-
basTan urTierToba samurzayanos gamo gaur- bas, imereTSi 1.500 komli glexis boZebas da
Tulda. 1840 wels kavkasiis mTavarsardalma am glexebis saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan
evgeni golovinma (1837-1842) samurzayano gaTavisuflebas. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
samegrelos mTavars CamoarTva, magram af- afxazeTis portebis CamorTmevis sanacvlod
xazeTis mTavars ki ar daubruna, aramed ruseTis xelisuflebam mixeil ServaSiZes
misi marTva-gamgeoba rus pristavs Caabara. yovelwliurad 12.000 maneTis odenobiT pen-
samegrelos mTavarma es gadawyvetileba gaa- sia dauniSna. amjerad mixeil ServaSiZe iTxov-
589
da mTavrobidan gadadgomis Semdeg am pen- gamoiZaxa. mTavari TbilisSi 1854 wlis 5 de-
siis sanacvlod erTdrouli fuladi jildo kembers Camovida. TbilisSi yofnisas man ga-
mieRo. mixail voroncovi afxazeTis mTavris nacxada, rom umjobesi iqneboda, piradad Ca-
moxsenebam Zalze SeaSfoTa. imxanad ruseTs suliyo samTavroSi da osmaluri okupaciis
ar SeeZlo afxazeTis samTavros gauqmeba pirobebSi mosaxleobis mdgomareoba Seemsub-
da iq rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoReba. Ser- uqebina. mixeil ServaSiZe miiCnevda, rom misi
vaSiZeTa sagvareulodan axali mTavris Ser- yofna samegreloSi, afxazeTis sazRvarTan
Ceva did sirTuleebs ukavSIrdeboda, ar iyo axlos, wamgebiani iyo ara marto afxazeTis
gamoricxuli samTavroSi areulobis dawyeba. mTavrisaTvis, aramed ruseTis xelisuflebi-
garda amisa, aravin uwyoda, SeZlebda Tu ara sTvisac. mTavari SiSobda, misi aryofna afxa-
axali mTavari ruseTis sasurveli politikis zeTSi gaaZlierebda proosmalur Zalebs. 1854
gatarebas. kavkasiis mefisnacvals SeuZle- wlis 11 dekembers mixeil ServaSiZem ruseTis
blad miaCnda imereTSi afxazeTis mTavrisaT- imperiis samxedro ministr vasili dolgoru-
vis mamulebisa da 1.500 komli glexis boZeba, kovs moxseneba gaugzavna, romelSic aRniSnav-
miT ufro, rom mixeil ServaSiZe am glexebis da: `yvela sakuTar interesze maRla me vayeneb
saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan ganTavisufle- Cems movaleobas misi imperatorobiTi udide-
bas iTxovda. SeuZlebeli iyo agreTve mixeil bulesobis mimarT. am gagebiT vimoqmedeb omis
ServaSiZisaTvis erTdrouli fuladi jildos bolomde, rogori ganviTarebac ar unda mi-
micema, radgan portebSi arsebuli sabaJoebi- iRos omma. afxazeTidan gamosvlis Semdeg me
dan miRebuli Semosavlis nawili axal mTa- CavTvale, rom ojaxTan erTad samegreloSi,
vars unda gadascemoda yovelwliuri pensiis Cems simamr Tavad grigol dadianTan SevCere-
saxiT. mixail voroncovs isRa darCenoda, buliyavi, raTa saSualeba mqonoda Cemi qve-
rom afxazeTis mTavari gadaerwmunebina. mar- Sevrdomebisa da mezobeli xalxebis ZalebiT
Tlac, kavkasiis mefisnacvlis dabejiTebuli CameSala mtris gegmebi. me ar Sevmcdarvar.
Txovnis Semdeg mixeil ServaSiZe afxazeTis mokavSireebs (osmaleTs, ingliss, safrangeTs
mTavris taxtze darCa. _ v.g.) is imedebi gaucruvdaT, romlebsac mo-
2. afxazeTis samTavro yirimis omis peri- hamed aminze amyarebdnen, Savi zRvis Crdilo-
odSi (1853-1856 ww.). yirimis omis dros mixeil aRmosavleT sanapiroze mcxovrebi xalxebi
ServaSiZem umniSvnelovanesi roli Seasrula ukve undoblobiT ekidebian mokavSireebis
osmalebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. afxazeTis SeTavazebebs.~ Crdilo kavkasiis mTielebSi
mTavris monawileoba omSi 1854 wlis gazaf- mokavSireebis mimarT undobloba, mixeil
xulidan daiwyo, roca rusebma afxazeTidan ServaSiZis azriT, SeiZleba gamoyenebuliyo
ruseTis jarisa da garnizonebis gamoyvanas maTi ruseTis mxareze gadabirebisaTvis. mix-
Seudgnen. mixeil ServaSiZis aqtiuri dax- eil ServaSiZe samxedro ministrs afxazeTSi
marebis gareSe rusebi jars ase swrafad da dabrunebis nebarTvas sTxovda, raTa piradad
udanakargod samTavrodan ver gamoiyvandnen. Casdgomoda saTaveSi prorusuli Zalebis or-
Tu osmalebi ver SeZlebdnen afxazeTidan ru- ganizebas. moxsenebis bolos igi werda: Tu
seTis jaris organizebulad gamoyvanisaTvis afxazeTSi dabrunebis uflebas ver miviReb,
xelis SeSlas, amas Crdilo kavkasiis mTielebi maSin ojaxiT TbilisSi gadmoval da aq dav-
da, pirvel rigSi, Cerqezebi gaaakeTebdnen. ar elodebi imperatoris brZanebaso.
iyo gamoricxuli, rom ruseTis jaris zogi- mixeil ServaSiZis ojaxiT samegreloSi
erTi nawili alyaSic moxvedriliyo da mters gadasvlas protestiT Sexvda samegrelos
gaeJlita. Crdilo kavkasiis mTielebma Tavi samTavros mmarTveli ekaterine WavWavaZe. igi
mixeil ServaSiZis TxovniT Seikaves. afxa- acxadebda, rom dadianebis samTavros saxlis
zeTidan ruseTis jaris evakuaciis warmate- dauZinebeli mtris, ServaSiZeebis samTavro
biT dasrulebis Semdeg mTavari samegreloSi, saxlis, samegreloSi yofna misTvis miuRe-
Tavisi simamris, grigol dadianis, mamulSi beli iyo. 1854 wlis 8 noembers ekaterine
dasaxlda. generalma nikolai readma,readma, ro- WavWavaZe kavkasiis mefisnacvlis movaleobis
melic mixail voroncovis gadadgomis Semdeg Semsrulebel nikolai reads swerda: roca
mcire xniT kavkasiis mefisnacvlis movaleo- osmalebi redut-kaleSi gadmosxdnen da same-
bas asrulebda, mixeil ServaSiZe afxazeTSi grelos samTavros teritoriaze SemoiWrnen,
Seqmnili viTarebis ganxilvisaTvis TbilisSi me sasowarkveTilebaSi ar Cavvardnilvar da
590
vaxtang guruli
ar gavqceulvar, me Cems xalxTan erTad vizi- vkasiis mefisnacvali miiCnevda, rom Seqmnil
arebdi yovelgvar gaWirvebasa da saSiSroebas, viTarebaSi mixeil ServaSiZis naTesauri kav-
ukanasknel SesaZleblobamde vicavdi samTav- Sirebi proosmaluri orientaciis TavadebTan
roso. ekaterine WavWavaZe werda, rom winaaR- metad damafiqrebeli iyo. mefisnacvlis aseTi
mdegi ar iyo mixeil ServaSiZisa da misi ojax- damokidebuleba masTan meored Sexvedrisas
is samegreloSi droebiT darCenisa, magram, aSkarad igrZno mixeil ServaSiZem. sapasuxod
rogorc samegrelos samTavros mmarTveli, man rogorc samegreloSi, ise afxazeTSi da-
aRniSnavda, rom dadianebis samTavro saxlis brunebaze uari Tqva da mzadyofna gamoTqva
mteri samegreloSi didxans apirebda cxovre- ojaxTan erTad imereTSi gadasuliyo. amasTan
bas. igi general reads acnobebda, mixeil erTad, afxazeTis mTavari osmaleTis teri-
ServaSiZe Tavis garSemo sulmdabal, zerele toriaze ganlagebul ruseTis jarSi gagzav-
adamianebs ikrebso. werilSi sagangebod iyo nas iTxovda. nikolai muraviovi mixeil Serva-
aRniSnuli, rom osmalebis mier dakavebuli SiZisa da ekaterine WavWavaZis urTierTobas
afxazeTidan engurze gadmodiodnen, mixeil araviTar politikur mniSvnelobas ar ani-
ServaSiZes xvdebodnen da kvlav ukan brunde- Webda. 1855 wlis 30 aprils kavkasiis mefis-
bodnen saeWvo adamianebi. ekaterine WavWavaZe nacvalma Tavisi gadawyvitileba vasili dol-
SiSobda, rom mixeil ServaSiZe misi mtrebis gorukovs acnoba: ekaterine WavWavaZis pro-
organizebas SeZlebda, Tumca darwmunebuli testis miuxedavad, mixeil ServaSiZe SeiZle-
iyo, rom dasaxul mizans ver miaRwevda. ro- boda jerjerobiT samegreloSi darCeniliyo,
gorc vxedavT, ekaterine WavWavaZes principu- xolo sakiTxi sabolood Seqmnili viTarebi-
lad ar surda mixeil ServaSiZis samegreloSi dan gamomdinare unda gadaWriliyo.
didi xniT darCena. amis Taobaze generalma 1855 wlis ivnisis damdegs TbilisSi
nikolai readma ruseTis imperators moaxse- Seityves, rom mixeil ServaSiZe afxazeTSi da-
na. samxedro ministrma vasili dolgorukovma brunda. afxazeTis mTavars general vasili
1854 wlis 23 dekembers nikolai reads acnoba, bebuTovisaTvis,, romelic imxanad nikolai
bebuTovisaTvis
rom imperatorma nikolai I-ma mis moxsenebas muraviovis TbilisSi aryofnis gamo kavkasiis
aseTi rezolucia daado: `vfiqrob, ukeTesi mefisnacvlis movaleobas asrulebda, ucno-
iqneba, es saqme gadasawyvetad gadavceT ba- bebia, rom afxazeTSi mas savalalo viTareba
ton muraviovs (kavkasiis axal mefisnacval daxvda: mTeli mosaxleoba osmaleTis mxareze
nikolai muraviovs _ v.g.); ar unda vawyeninoT gadasuliyo. Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdi-
mTavrina dadians; mTavar ServaSiZisaTvis un- nare, mas gadaewyvita afxazeTSi darCena da
doblobis gamocxadeba usamarTlo da sazia- prorusuli Zalebis organizeba. afxazeTis
no iqneboda, man saqmiT daamtkica gulwrfe- mTavars generlisaTvis isic ucnobebia, rom
li erTguleba, rac yovelgvar Seqebas imsax- Tu ruseTisaTvis sasargeblo saqmianobas ver
urebs.~ amasTan erTad, imperatorma general SeZlebda, isev samegreloSi dabrundeboda.
reads winadadeba misca, molaparakeboda mix- 1855 wlis 22 ivniss TbilisSi Camovida
eil ServaSiZesa da ekaterine WavWavaZes, raTa grigol ServaSiZe da guriis razmis meTaur
maT mtris winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZolis general ivane bagration-muxranskis moxseneba
dros mainc daeviwyebinaT Zveli mtroba. 1854 Camoitana. bagration-muxranski ityobinebo-
wlis 23 dekembersve vasili dolgorukovma da: afxazeTis mTavari mixeil ServaSiZe Tavad
werili gaugzavna mixeil ServaSiZesac. minis- grigol ServaSiZesTan erTad samegrelodan
tri afxazeTis mTavars sTxovda, samegreloSi oCamCireSi gaemgzavra. afxazeTis mTavris
ar gamgzavrebuliyo, TbilisSi daxvedroda moqmedebidan grigol ServaSiZe darwmunebu-
kavkasiis axal mefisnacval nikolai murav- la, rom mTavari ruseTis Ralats apirebda.
iovs da piradad moexsenebina afxazeTis sam- saubrebisas mixeil ServaSiZe aSkarad mianiS-
TavroSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. nebda, rom Tu ruseTma yirimis naxevarkun-
mixeil ServaSiZe kavkasiis mefisnacvlis Zuli dakarga, kavkasiasac dakargavso. bagra-
Camosvlas daeloda da misgan samegreloSi tion-muxranskis, imis dasamtkiceblad, rom
dabrunebis ufleba miiRo. male, ekaterine grigol ServaSiZis daskvna swori iyo, Sem-
WavWavaZis 1854 wlis 8 noembris werilis gac- degi argumenti mohyavda: grigol ServaSiZe
nobis Semdeg, nikolai muraviovs afxazeTis ara marto naTesavi iyo mixeil ServaSiZisa,
mTavris mimarT garkveuli eWvebi aReZra. ka- aramed misgan davalebulic, miuxedavad amisa,
591
man mTavrisaTvis micemuli erTgulebis fici da manac ruseTis winaaRmdeg brZola dai-
daarRvia da igi miatova. grigol ServaSiZe wyo. 1851 wels haji berzekma nadavlis aRebis
mixeil ServaSiZis biZaSvili iyo da uSualod mizniT afxazeTSic ilaSqra. miuxedavad haji
monawileobda samTavros marTva-gamgeobaSi, berzekis antirusuli ganwyobisa, oCamCireSi
gansakuTrebiT _ mTavris sasamarTlos muS- mixeil ServaSiZesTan misi stumroba aravis
aobaSi. TbilisSi Camosulma grigol Serva- gahkvirvebia. yvelas kargad axsovda, rom mix-
SiZem Semdegi Cveneba misca: mixeil ServaSiZe eil ServaSiZe mSoblebma aRsazrdelad haji
ojaxTan erTad cxovrobda samegreloSi, en- berzekis mamas miabares da mTavars ubixebSi
guris marcxena napirze mdebare sofel Wkad- sakmao dro hqonda gatarebuli. garda amisa,
uaSSi da zafxulSi ojaxTan erTad leCxumSi afxazeTis mTavarma general nikolai reads
gamgzavrebas apirebda. Ggrigol ServaSiZe ramdenjerme acnoba, rom igi haji berzekis
meuRlesTan, dedasa da aRsazrdelad mibare- muhamed aminis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebas apir-
bul mixeil ServaSiZis vaJTan erTad Wkadu- ebda. yovelive es kargad uwyoda grigol
aSidan 60 versiT moSorebul sofel qvaSix- ServaSiZemac, magram oCamCireSi haji berze-
orSi cxovrobda. 1855 wlis maisSi mixeil kis didi xniT stumrobam da afxazeTis mTa-
ServaSiZem TavisTan gamoiZaxa grigol Serva- varTan gamarTulma saidumlo TaTbirebma igi
SiZe da acnoba, rom samurzayanoSi gamgzavre- mainc daaeWva. grigol ServaSiZes eWvi kidev
bas apirebda. grigol ServaSiZem gadawyvita ufro gauZlierda mas Semdeg, rac oCamCireSi
Tan gahyoloda afxazeTis mTavars, magram afxazeTis mTavars estumra osmalo sardali
qvaSixorSi mibrunebuls mTavari ukve iq aRar mustafa faSa, aleqsandre ServaSiZis, baTali
daxvda. man iq Seityo, rom mTavari oCamCireSi bei marSaniasa da hasan marRanias TanxlebiT.
imyofeboda. oCamCireSi misul grigol Serva- gemidan napirze gadmosuli mustafa faSa sami
SiZes mTavris saxlSi afxazi poruCiki hasan saaTis ganmavlobaSi saidumlod esaubra af-
marRania, webeldeli maiori Tavadi baTali bei xazeTis mTavars.
marSania, da osmalo oficeri dauxvdnen. am mustafa faSasTan Sexvedris Semdeg mix-
sami adamianis mTavris saxlSi yofna grigol eil ServaSiZem grigol ServaSiZe oCamCiridan
ServaSiZes saeWvod moeCvena da gadawyvita samegreloSi gagzavna davalebiT _ leCxumis
maTi stumrobis mizezi daedgina. grigol nacvlad mTavris ojaxi imereTSi gadaeyvana.
ServaSiZis oCamCireSi Casvlidan sul male afxazeTis mTavris aseTma gadawyvetilebam
afxazeTis mTavars acnobes, rom guriis razmi grigol ServaSiZis winaSe sul sxva kiTxva
qobuleTisaken daiZra, mTavars isic acnobes, dasva: mixeil ServaSiZe ruseTis mTavrobis
rom am ambiT SeSfoTebuli omer faSa sox- davalebiT xom ar gegmavda raimes... oCam-
umidan gemiT cixisZirisaken gaemarTa da Tan Ciridan gamgzavrebis win afxazeTis mTavarma
gaiyola afxazeTis miliciis 500 mebrZoli grigol ServaSiZes uTxra, misi ojaxis same-
mixeil ServaSiZis Zmis, maior aleqsandre Ser- grelodan imereTSi gadayvanis Semdeg oCamCi-
vaSiZis,, meTaurobiT. soxumidan gasuli omer
vaSiZis reSi aRar dabrunebuliyo da mTavris gankar-
faSa imave dRes oCamCiresTan SeCerda, Tvi- gulebas dalodeboda. sofel WkaduaSSi mis-
Ton napirze ar gadmosula, xolo aleqsandre vlis Semdeg afxazeTis dedofalma aleqsan-
ServaSiZe Zmis mosanaxuleblad gagzavna. ukan dram grigol ServaSiZes acnoba, rom meuRlem
mobrunebuli omer faSa oCamCiresTan aRar SvilebTan erTad oCamCireSi gadasvla Ses-
SeCerebula da arc mTavarTan gaugzavnia Tavaza, razec igi Tavs ikavebda. ramdenime
vinme. grigol ServaSiZe cota xniT samegre- dRis Semdeg afxazeTis dedofalma grigol
loSi dabrunda da roca kvlav oCamCireSi Cav- ServaSiZe TavisTan miiwvia da ganucxada, rom
ida, mTavris saxlSi ubixTa erT-erTi yvelaze meuRlem mas meored mosTxova SvilebTan er-
gavleniani adamiani, haji kerentux berzeki, Tad oCamCireSi gadasvla. afxazeTis dedo-
dauxvda. es ubixi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi es- fals grigol ServaSiZisaTvis qarTulad
xmoda Tavs ruseTis jaris simagreebs, Tumca, dawerili meuRlisaTvis gasagzavni werili
bolo xanebSi gavrcelebuli xmebis mixedviT, uCvenebia. dedofali afxazeTis mTavars
mas faruli kavSiri hqonda ruseTis jaris pirdapir auwyebda: Tu mTavari osmaleTis
meTaurebTan. haji kerentux berzeki didi mxareze gadavidoda, aleqsandra dedoflo-
xnis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis xelisuflebisagan baze uars ityoda da ruseTis imperators
pensias iRebda, 1851 wels pensia Seuwyvites sTxovda mfarvelobas. werilis wakiTxvis
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vaxtang guruli
Semdeg dedofalma sityvierad daamata: Tu eil ServaSiZem Tavadebi da mosaxleoba imiT

ucxoeTis gazeTebi daadastureben afxazeTis daamSvida, rom enguris marcxena napirze
mTavris Ralats, moviqcevi ise, rogorc wer- gadavidoda, iqve axlos dasaxldeboda da
ilSi ewerao. dedofali aleqsandra mtkiced Tvalyurs miadevnebda samTavroSi mimdinare
idga rusul orientaciaze da yovelTvis eW- movlenebs. afxazeTidan rusis jaris gamosv-
viT uyurebda mTavris gadawyvetilebebs. lis dros aleqsandra fexmZimed iyo da male
eWvebi dedofals gansakuTrebiT gauZlierda unda emSobiara, ris gamoc igi afxazeTSi dar-
1853 wlis Semodgomaze. mTavris Zma, dimitri Ca. dedofals mxolod ori Tvis Semdeg ac-
ServaSiZe, dedofals sando pirovnebad mi- noba meuRlem, rom SvilebTan erTad samegre-
aCnda, amitom iyo, rom aleqsandram swored loSi gadasuliyo da Tan waeRo mTeli sagva-
mas sTxova saidumlod gadaeca vice-admi- reulo qoneba. afxazeTis gavleniani Tavadebi
ral lazar serebriakovisaTvis, rom mixeil win aRudgnen dedoflis gamgzavrebas, magram
ServaSiZe oCamCireSi saidumlod xvdeboda aleqsandram isini daarwmuna, rom meuRlis
osmalebs, romelTac afxazeTSi aravin ic- nebas igi ver gadavidoda. dedofali samegre-
nobda. dedofali eWvobda, rom mTavari or- loSi gaemgzavra, afxazeTSi ZiZasTan datova
mag TamaSs eweoda. vice-admirali isec yu- ori umcrosi qaliSvili. afxazeTis dedo-
radRebiT akvirdeboda mixeil ServaSiZis falma dimitri yifians dawvrilebiT uambo
saqmianobas, mTavris ormagi TamaSis Sesaxeb samegreloSi gamgzavrebis ambavi. engurze ga-
man sxva wyaroebidanac icoda, magram Tv- dasvlisas aleqsandra kinaRam damxrCvala, igi
lida, rom es xmebi mTavris mtrebis darxe- rogorRac gadaarCines, magram mdinarem Tan
uli iyo. dimitri ServaSiZes serebriakovma waiRo mTeli sagvareulo qoneba. sofel Wkad-
ganucxada: dedofals gamohkiTxe, Tu raSi uaSSi cxovrebis periodSi, TiTqmis erTi wlis
gamoixateba mTavris ormagi TamaSi da Tanac ganmavlobaSi, afxazeTis mTavris ojaxs inax-
daarwmune, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mas da avda simamri grigol dadiani. yoveldRiurad
mis Svilebs ruseTis xelisufleba daicavso. sadilze uamravi stumari(80-400 kaci) iyrida
SeiZleba dedofal aleqsandras marTlac Tavs. maspinZeli yoveldRiurad klavda 5-20
hqonda raRac safuZveli, mTavris saqcielSi cxvars da 2-10 Zroxas. samegreloSi damkvi-
Ralati daenaxa, magram ar aris gamoricxuli, drebuli tradiciis mixedviT, mixeil Ser-
man is xmebi irwmuna, romlebsac samegrelos vaSiZes grigol dadianisaTvis fuladi dax-
mmarTveli ekaterine WavWavaZe
WavWavaZe,, misi naTesavi marebis aRmoCena ar SeeZlo, es Seuracxyofad
generali ivane bagration-muxranski, mTavris CaiTvleboda. mTavari imasac grZnobda, rom
Zma dimitri ServaSiZe da biZaSvili grigol male misi simamri saerTod gaRatakdeboda,
ServaSiZe avrcelebdnen. es adamianebi mix- amitom iyo, rom mixeil ServaSiZem gadawyvi-
eil ServaSiZis Ralatis Sesaxeb xSirad sau- ta, ojaxi sxvagan gadaeyvana, sadac sakuTari
brobdnen, Tumca raime damamtkicebeli faqti SemosavliT irCenda Tavs. sxvadasxva mizezis
ver mohyavdaT. afxazeTis mTavris samegre- gamo es gadawyvetileba mTavarma ver ganax-
lodan oCamCireSi gamgzavreba maTTvis ukve orciela. TavisTavad uxerxul mdgomareo-
Ralatis tolfasi iyo. baSi Cavardnil mixeil ServaSiZes mudmivad
xelisuflebac gaurkvevlobaSi iyo: af- misdioda xmebi, rom samegrelos mmarTveli
xazeTis mTavris oCamCireSi gamgzavrebis gamo dedofali ekaterine WavWavaZe ukiduresad
atexili miTqma-moTqmis Seswavla da obieqtu- gaRizianebuli iyo afxazeTis mTavris ojaxis
ri daskvnis gamotana kavkasiis mefisnacvalma samegreloSi cxovrebiT. amas emateboda is,
samegreloSi mivlinebul dimitri yifians mi- rom Tavadebi afxazeTidan mudmivad ityo-
ando. 1855 wlis 25 seqtembers dimitri yifi- binebodnen im mZime mdgomareobis Sesaxeb,
ani afxazeTis dedofal aleqsandras Sexvda. romelic samTavroSi mixeil ServaSiZis wa-
dedofalma ambebis Tanmimdevrulad gadmo- mosvlis Semdeg Seiqmna. mTavars axloblebma
cema ruseTis jaris afxazeTidan gamoyvaniT urCies, rom Ralatis Sesaxeb darxeuli xmebis
daiwyo, raSic didi wvlili mixeil ServaSiZes gaqarwylebis mizniT ruseTis jarSi Sesuliyo
miuZRoda. aleqsandram isic aRniSna, rom Ta- da yarsis aRebisaTvis brZolebSi mieRo monaw-
vadebi mTavars sTxovdnen, rusis jarTan er- ileoba. marTalia, mixeil ServaSiZes impera-
Tad afxazeTi ar daetovebina, radgan mTavris torisagan generalis samxedro wodeba hqonia
wasvlas aucileblad mohyveboda anarqia. mix- naboZebi, magram omSi monawileoba ki jer ar
593
mieRo. rogorc dedofalma aleqsandram ga- nam or-sam kiTxvas mogcemdeT, winaswar minda
nucxada dimitri yifians, mixeil ServaSiZem gacnoboT, rom Tqven SegiZliaT me gamandoT
swored am motiviT Tqva yarsTan mimdinare yvelaferi, maT Soris iseTi saidumloc, ra-
brZolebSi monawileobaze uari. uari albaT sac aqamde mkacrad icavdiT.
imiTac iyo ganpirobebuli, rom afxazeTidan aleqsandra ServaSiZem dimitri yifianis
sul ufro da ufro sagangaSo cnobebi mo- naTqvami mSvidad da yuradRebiT moismina,
dioda, kerZod, mTavris biZaSvilebi, grigol ris gamoc am ukanasknelma daaskvna: afxaze-
ServaSiZis umcrosi Zmebi, osmaleTis samsax- Tis dedofali an srul simarTles ambobda,
urSi Sevidnen, ris sanacvlodac maT mixeil an Tavis daWera kargad SeeZlo, rac simarT-
da grigol ServaSiZeebis qonebas dahpirdnen. lis damalvis saSualebas aZlevda. swored am
afxazeTSi gamoCnda mamismkvlel arslan beis daskvnidan gamomdinare dasva dimitri yifian-
vaJi, romelsac samsaxuris sanacvlod osma Semdegi kiTxvac.
malebi dimitri ServaSiZis qoneba aRuTqves. dimitri yifiani: Tqven meuRlisagan xSir-
afxazeTis calkeul kuTxeSi dapirispirebe- ad iRebT werilebs, unda mogaxsenoT, rom
bi ukve sisxlisRvraSi gadaizarda. mustafa Tqveni kurierebi sandoni ar arian, me minda
faSam 700 afxazi meomari osmaleTis anatoli- erTi metad mniSvnelovani saidumlo gagan-
is armiaSi gagzavna. rogorc afxazeTis dedo- doT: afxazeTis mTavris erT-erTi werili
falma dimitri yifians uambo, zemoT xseneb- sul axlaxan Cauvarda xelSi xelisuflebas
uli cnobebis miRebis Semdeg mixeil Serva- da me saSualeba mqonda es werili wamekiTxa.
SiZem meuRles ganucxada, rom igi afxazeTSi xelisuflebis mier mixeil ServaSiZis
miemgzavreboda. dedoflis protestis Semdeg werilis xelSi Cagdebis ambavi rom acno-
mixeil ServaSiZes uTqvams: `Seni mxridan sak- ba, dimitri yifiani cdilobda afxazeTis
maod ucnaurad Cans fiqri imis Sesaxeb, rom dedoflis saxis gamometyvelebiT amoecno:
me rusebis winaaRmdeg vimoqmedeb; piriqiT, me dedofali Seuracxyofili xom ar iyo, an xom
Tu rameSi gamovadgebi rusebs, gamovadgebi ar SeSinebia, rom xelisufleba werilebSi
afxazeTSi.~ amis Semdeg mixeil ServaSiZes Ta- moTxrobil ambebs gaecnoboda. rogorc dimi-
visi adiutanti Tavadi erisTavi raRac doku- tri yifianma SeniSna, dedofals werilebis
mentebiT TbilisSi gaugzavnia, xolo TviTon Sinaarsis gamo ar SeSinebia, magram xelisu-
afxazeTSi wasula. afxazeTis dedofals dim- flebis saqcieliT aSkarad ukmayofilo darCa
itri yifianisaTvis isic uTqvams, rom meuRle da aRelvebulma dimitri yifians mimarTa.
mas werilebs swerda, romlebSic aRniSnavda, aleqsandra ServaSiZe: me amiT nawyeni
rom afxazeTSi ruseTisaTvis sasikeTod moq- davrCi, ar megona, rom afxazeTis mTavri-
medebda. mTavars dedoflisaTvis isic ucno- saTvis zianis miyenebis mizniT xelisu-
bebia, rom afxazeTSi ruseTis xelisuflebis fleba meuRleebis werilis xelSi Cagdebas
nebarTvis gareSe ar wasula. am informaciis gadawyvetda, ase mxolod damnaSaveebs eqcevi-
miRebis Semdeg dimitri yifianma dedofals an. am werilebSi ipoveT raime iseTi, romelic
Txroba gaawyvetina da maT Soris aseTi Si- mTavris Ralatis dasadastureblad gamogad-
naarsis dialogi gaimarTa. gebodaT?
dimitri yifiani: neba miboZeT, Cemi aq am sityvebis warmoTqmisas afxazeTis
gamogzavna imis dasturad miviCnio, rom kavka- dedofali darwmunebuli iyo, rom werilSi
siis samefisnacvlos xelmZRvaneloba Tqveni afxazeTis mTavris Ralatis dasadastureb-
meuRlis mier gadadgmuli nabijebis gamo els xelisufleba verafers ipovida.
gaurkvevlobaSi aRmoCnda. neba miboZeT, aseve dimitri yifiani: ara, mTavris Ralatis
mogaxsenoT, Tqveni naambobi me srul simar- damadasturebeli werilSi araferi yofila.
Tled mimaCnia, magram kavkasiis samefisnacv- etyoba, mTavari werilis dawerisas Cqarob-
los xelmZRvanelobisaTvis mxolod Tqveni da da Tqven mxolod imas gacnobebdaT, rom
mowmoba sakmarisi ar iqneba, aucilebelia sxva janmrTelad iyo, eloda omer faSas da Tanac
TviTmxilvelebis dasturic. erT-erTi TviT- irwmuneboda, rom omer faSa saWiro raodeno-
mxilvelis (igulisxmeba grigol ServaSiZe _ bis jars ver Sekrebda.
v.g.) Cveneba generalma vasili bebuTovma 1855 aleqsandra ServaSiZe: rogorc me da-
wlis ivnisSi miiRo, mas Semdeg didi dro gavi- vadgine, erTi werili maklia, vfiqrob, es
da. am saqmisaTvis naTelis mofenis mizniT sa- werili aqvs xelisuflebas. SemiZlia gavigo
594
vaxtang guruli
visTanaa werili? werili mivwere, misdami, rogorc Zmisadmi,

dimitri yifiani: werili raSi gWirdebaT, siyvaruli gamovxate da vTxove daeviwyebina
mTavari isaa, rom werilSi Tqveni meuRlis yvelaferi da mTavars amosdgomoda gverdiT.
Ralatis damadasturebeli araferia. es wer- geficebiT, rom afxazeTis mTavris ruseTi-
ili Cven Soris ndobas ganamtkicebs. minda sadmi erTgulebaSi odnavi eWvis Setanac ki
gkiTxoT: gaqvT Tu ara raime mtkicebuleba ar SemiZlia, guli mtkiva, roca mesmis xmebi
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mTavarma afxa- misi Ralatis Sesaxeb. kidev erTxel gefice-
zeTSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb winaswar acnoba xe- biT, rom am cru xmebis gaqarwylebis garda,
lisuflebas da gamgzavrebaze Tanxmobac mi- me sxva raime mizani ar mqonia. dimitri Ser-
iRo? vaSiZemac Tavdapirvelad Cemi werilis arsi
aleqsandra ServaSiZe: araviTari mtkiceb- swored ase gaigo. Semdeg man werilis Sinaarsi
uleba ara maqvs. meuRles amis Taobaze CemT- qveyanas mosdo da Tanac ise, rom TiTqos me
vis araferi uTqvams. me mxolod is vici, rom eWvi Semqonda afxazeTis mTavris ruseTisadmi
Tbilisidan Tavad erisTavis mier raRac do- erTgulebaSi. me macnobes, rom dimitri Ser-
kumentebis Camotanam mTavari Zalze gaaxara. vaSiZem Cemi werili general ivane bagration-
dimitri yifiani: gaqvT Tu ara raime mt- muxranskis, polkovnik nikolai koliubakins
kicebuleba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Tqveni da sxvebsac aCvena, rogorc imis damamtkice-
meuRle afxazeTSi ruseTis sasikeTod moq- beli, rom mTavari moRalate iyo. yovelive
medebs? aman ise aRmaSfoTa, rom arafris gagoneba
aleqsandra ServaSiZe: arc amis Taobaze aRar msurs. gTxovT, Cemi werilis Taobaze
maqvs raime mtkicebuleba, garda Cemi Sinagani hkiTxeT dimitri ServaSiZes. roca igi werils
rwmenisa, romelic aq aravis ar ainteresebs. gaCvenebT, Tqven darwmundebiT, rom mTavari
Cemi meuRle rom ruseTis sawinaaRmdegod mo- moRalate ar aris. ai, es aris Cemi pasuxi!
qmedebdes, samegreloSi simSvide ar iqneboda, amis Semdeg aleqsandra ServaSiZem dimi-
dRes ki samegreloSi iseTi simSvidea, rogor- tri yifians im werilis asli Tu Savi deda-
ic arasdros yofila. ni gadasca, romelic man dimitri ServaSiZes
aseTi pasuxis Semdeg dimitri yifianma gaugzavna. dimitri yifianma werili yuradRe-
gadawyvita, afxazeTis dedoflisaTvis daesva biT waikiTxa da darwmunda, rom werilis Si-
umTavresi kiTxva. naarsi aleqsandra ServaSiZem mas mTeli si-
dimitri yifiani: me didi survili maqvs, zustiT moaxsena. werilSi aleqsandra dimi-
Tu es SesaZlebelia, Sevityo mTavris mier tris sTxovda daeviwyebina yvela wyena, mxarSi
TqvenTvis werilebis gamogzavnis mizani da amosdgomoda afxazeTis mTavars da yvelaferi
maTi Sinaarsi. am werilebis Sesaxeb Tqven eRona imisaTvis, rom mixeil ServaSiZis Rala-
miswereT dimitri ServaSiZes.
ServaSiZes. tis Sesaxeb xmebi aRar gavrcelebuliyo. af-
am kiTxvam afxazeTis dedofali uki- xazeTis dedofalma dimitri yifians dimitri
duresad aRaSfoTa, aRSfoTeba imdenad didi ServaSiZis pasuxic aCvena. igi werda: me af-
iyo, rom igi saxeze wamowiTlda da dimitri xazeTis mTavris mteri arasdros vyofilvar,
yifians aseTi pasuxi gasca. magram ar SemiZlia mTavris Ralatis Sesaxeb
aleqsandra ServaSiZe: me Tqven yvelaferi afxazeTSi gavrcelebuli xmebis aRkveTao.
agixseniT. dimitri ServaSiZe miyvarda da mi- amasTan erTad, dimitri ServaSiZe afxazeTis
yvars, rogorc uaxloesi naTesavi da mTels dedofals acnobebda, rom igi mixeil Serva-
afxazeTSi uWkvianesi adamiani. mas mTavrisaT- SiZes samsaxurs ver gauwevda, radgan TviTon
vis didi sargeblobis motana SeeZlo, magram, samegreloSi imyofeboda, xolo mTavari _ af-
samwuxarod, CemTvis ucnobi mizezis gamo af- xazeTSi.
xazeTis mTavarsa da dimitri ServaSiZes So- dimitri yifianma afxazeTis dedofals
ris axlo urTierToba ar iyo. yovelnairad ganucxada: sanam mTavari afxazeTSia, xmebi
vcdilobdi Cemi meuRlisa da dimitri Ser- misi Ralatis Sesaxeb mudmivad gavrceldeba,
vaSiZis daaxloebas, magram Cems mcdelobas amas xels Seuwyoben osmalebi. osmalebs mx-
Sedegi ar mohyolia. axla dimitri samegre- olod rusebis moRalate mTavari sWirdebaT,
loSia da rogorc afxazeTis mTavris sxva winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maTTvis afxazeTis
mtrebi, isic amtkicebs, rom mixeil Serva- samTavroSi mixeil ServaSiZis yofnas azri
SiZem rusebs uRalata. dimitri ServaSiZes ara aqvs. dimitri yifianis mier sakiTxis ase
595
dayenebam dedofali seriozulad daafiqra. afxazeTSi gamgzavreba, rac SeiZleba, unda

dimitri yifiani: dabolos, msurs aseTi gaeWianurebina, gaeWianurebina manam, sanam
kiTxva dagisvaT: marTalia Tu ara, rom erT- samegrelos miliciasTan erTad salaSqrod
erT werilSi meuRle Tqven afxazeTSi gamg- wasuli aleqsandras mama dabrundeboda. Sem-
zavrebisaken mogiwodebdaT, xolo meore wer- deg yvelafers igi gadawyvetda. mixeil Serva-
ilSi samegreloSi darCenas girCevdaT? SiZe meuRles sTxovda ufrosi Svili giorgi
kiTxva rom moismina, aleqsandra ServaSi- leCxumSi aRar gaegzavna da TavisTan hyolo-
Zem dimitri yifians meuRlis kidev erTi werda, xolo umcrosi CxotuebisaTvis miebare-
ili aCvena da amis Semdeg upasuxa kiTxvaze. bina aRsazrdelad. werilis bolos mixeil
aleqsandra ServaSiZe: mTavari rom afxa- ServaSiZe aRniSnavda, rom meuRles misi javri
zeTSi Cavida, mas iq dausves kiTxva, ratom daar hqonoda.
tova meuRle da Svilebi rusebis xelSi, amis daasrula Tu ara dimitri yifianma weri-
Semdeg mTavarma grigol ServaSiZes miswera, lis wakiTxva, aleqsandra ServaSiZem dawye-
rom saswrafod me SvilebTan erTad afxazeT- buli saubari gaagrZela.
Si gadaveyvane. grigol ServaSiZem rom es wer- aleqsandra ServaSiZe: werilma aRmafr-
ili maCvena, moulodnelobisagan elda meca, Tovana, Tumca iZulebuli viyavi Tavi Seme-
ver warmoidgenT, iseT umZimes mdgomareo- kavebina. damwuxrebuli saxiT grigol Ser-
baSi Cavvardi. am dros mamaCemi samegrelos vaSiZes da sxva damswreebs ganvucxade, rom
miliciasTan erTad qobuleTis mimarTule- mamaCemis dabrunebamde versad ver wavidodi,
biT laSqrobaSi monawileobda, amitom ar vi- radgan aravin uwyoda, kidev Tu meRirseboda
codi, rCeva visTvis mekiTxa, arada, meuRlis mamis naxva. ori kviris mere mama dabrunda,
brZaneba unda Semesrulebina. dabneuloba mas zugdidSi ukve Seetyo, rom me meuRlisa-
dameufla, sulieri simSvide damerRva, isRa gan afxazeTSi gamgzavrebis brZaneba miviRe,
movaxerxe, rom am ambis Semswreni dameTxova mwuxarebisa da sircxvilisagan mama Zalze ga-
da marto davrCeniliyavi. ramdenime saaTis texili meCvena. roca mamas werilis Sinaar-
Semdeg kidev erTxel wavikiTxe meuRlis wer- si gavacani, man iq myofTa TandaswrebiT ga-
ili grigol ServaSiZisadmi. werilis kiTxvi- nacxada: mixeil ServaSiZis ufleba meuRlesa
sas CemTan mxolod erTi moaxle imyofeboda, da Svilebze im wuTidan Sewyda, roca igi
romelic cnobili iyo imiT, rom mudam erT- mtris mxareze gadavida. Cemi qaliSvili da
gulad emsaxureboda afxazeTis mTavars. es misi Svilebi afxazeTSi mxolod Cems gvamze
moaxle mTavarma afxazeTidan gamogzavna da gadabijebis Semdeg wavlen. Cemi naTqvami mix-
CemTan werilis motanis dRes grigol Serva- eils gadaeciT, man Cemi sityvis fasi icis!
SiZem moiyvana. moaxlem saidumlod macnoba, afxazeTis dedofalTan Sexvedrisa da
rom grigol ServaSiZes masTan pirispir sau- saubris Sesaxeb dimitri yifianma 1855 wlis
bari surda. grigol ServaSiZe Semovida, irgv- 14 oqtombers kavkasiis samefisnacvlos
liv yuradRebiT mimoixeda, werili gadmomca xelmZRvanelobas (mefisnacvlis movaleobis
da swrafad gauCinarda. Semsrulebel general-leitenant vasili be-
afxazeTis dedofalma mixeil ServaSiZis buTovs) vrceli moxseneba warudgina.
mier gamogzavnili zemoT xsenebuli werili, gamomSvidobebisas aleqsandra ServaSi-
romelic 1855 wlis 18 maisiT iyo daTariReb- Zem dimitri yifians sTxova TbilisSi gamg-
uli, dimitri yifians aCvena. werilis wakiTx- zavrebis win kidev erTxel moenaxulebina.
vis Semdeg dimitri yifianma aleqsandra Ser- dimitri yifianma dedofals hkiTxa: xom ar
vaSiZes sTxova, rom Tu SesaZleblad miiCnev- ajobebda maTi Sexvedrisa da saubris Sesaxeb
da, werili misTvis gadaeca, raTa igi kavkasiis mixeil ServaSiZesac Seetyo? dedofalma dim-
samefisnacvlos xelmZRvanelobisaTvis pira- itri yifians sTxova, piradad mas miewera wer-
dad waredgina. dedofali amaze siamovnebiT ili mTavrisaTvis. dimitri yifianma Txovna
dasTanxmda. mixeil ServaSiZis mier meuRl- Seasrula da mixeil ServaSiZes werili gaug-
isaTvis gamogzavnili werili Zalze sain- zavna, romelSic mTavars auxsna samegreloSi
teresoa. mTavari meuRles acnobebda, rom, Tavisi vizitis mizani.
marTalia, grigol ServaSiZes misi da bavS- Tbilisisaken momaval dimitri yifians
vebis afxazeTSi gadayvana hqonda nabrZane- quTaisSi afxazeTidan gamogzavnili mixeil
bi, magram dedofals nebismieri saSualebiT ServaSiZis sapasuxo werili gadasces, romelic
596
vaxtang guruli
afxazeTis mTavars dimitri yifianisagan wer- ServaSiZe mokavSireTa mier mopovebul gamar-
ilis miRebisTanave, 1855 wlis oqtomberSi, jvebebs politikuri orientaciis Secvlis
daewera. mixeil ServaSiZe werda: Tqveni weri- safuZvlad ar miiCnevda, Tumca mTavarma erTi
li miviRe, ramac Zalze gamaoca. gamodis, rom politikuri Secdoma mainc dauSva. man, praq-
me xelisuflebisaTvis saeWvo adamiani vyo- tikulad, neitraliteti arCia, arc osmaluri
filvar, aseTad mimiCnevs umaRlesi xelisu- orientacia aRiara, magram arc ruseTis in-
fleba! Cems moqmedebas xelisuflebis winaSe tresebis dacvisaTvis gamoudia Tavi. rogorc
bevri arasworad warmoaCenda, amtkicebdnen, Cans, afxazeTis mTavari drois mogebas cdi-
rom me imperatoris erTguli ara var, magram lobda, raTa Semdgomi samoqmedo strategia
amas mainc ar velodi. saWirod ar miveCnevdi ganesazRvra. aseT saqciels ki, cxadia, ruse-
yvelasaTvis mepasuxa, radgan darwmunebuli Tis xelisufleba mixeil ServaSiZes ar apa-
viyavi, rom imperatorisadmi Cems erTgule- tiebda.
baSi xelisuflebas eWvi ar Seepareboda. roca mixeil ServaSiZe afxazur tradiciebze
nikolai muraviovi zugdidSi Camovida, me mas aRzrdili adamiani iyo. igi didi gavleniT
yvelaferi dawvrilebiT movaxsene, isic vuTx- sargeblobda Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiis
ari, rom samegreloSi Cemi yofna usargeblo mTielebSi, gansakuTrebiT CerqezebSi. Seqm-
iyo da samurzayanoSi vapirebdi gamgzavrebas. nil viTarebaSi afxazeTis mTavars ori gamo-
mefisnacvals CemTvis uari ar uTqvams, Tumca savali rCeboda: an ruseTis jarSi unda Se-
mibrZana, rom damecada, raTa Seqmnil viTare- suliyo da osmalebis winaaRmdeg ebrZola,
baSi ukeTesad gavrkveuliyavi. afxazeTSi imi- an samegreloSi unda dabrunebuliyo da ro-
tom gavemgzavre, rom ruseTisaTvis sasikeTo gorc kerZo pirs, ise gaegrZelebina cxovre-
saqmeebi mekeTebina. gamgzavrebis Taobaze me ba. pirveli gza mixeil ServaSiZes sikeTes ver
yarsSi myof kavkasiis mefisnacvals mivwere, moutanda. afxazur tradiciebze aRzrdili
mimowera mqonda mefisnacvlis movaleobis da ukve Camoyalibebuli msoflmxedvelobis
Semsrulebel general vasili bebuTovTanac. afxazeTis mTavari ruseTis jarSi ver imsax-
bebuTovs me orjer gavugzavne werili, ma- urebda, iq damkvidrebul wesebs ver Seegue-
gram pasuxi arcerTxel ar mimiRia. yvelasaT- boda. arc meore gza iyo realuri: afxazeTis
vis kargad aris cnobili is sasikeTo saqme- mTavars, cxadia, sruliad bunebrivi ambicia
ni, romlebic afxazeTSi oTxi Tvis manZilze hqonda da igi samegreloSi, rogorc kerZo
yofnisas me gavakeTe: 1. xeli SevuSale afxa- piri, verasgzis ver icxovrebda.
zeTsa da webeldaSi osmalebis mier rusebis oCamCireSi myofi mixeil ServaSiZe gamou-
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad 1.500 milicielis val mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. vrceldeboda
Sekrebas; 2. soxumidan gaviyvane Cerqezebis xmebi, rom afxazebi ukmayofilebas ar malavd-
jari; 3. osmalebis mier qobuleTsa da baTum- nen mTavris soxumSi aryofnis gamo
gamo.. soxumidan
Si wasuli afxazeTis milicia ukan davabrune; ki sagangaSo xmebi modioda. grigol ServaSiZis
4. samurzayanoSi rom dRes simSvidea, es Cemi orma umcrosma Zmam osmalebisagan ufrosi
aq yofnis Sedegia. bolos mixeil ServaSiZe Zmis uZravi da moZravi qoneba miiRo, xolo
dasZenda, rom ruseTis sasikeTod iRvwoda, afxazeTSi dabrunebul mamismkvlel arslan
magram madloba aravis uTqvams. bei ServaSiZis vaJs dimitri ServaSiZis mamuli
miuxedavad dimitri yifianis samegrelo- gadaeca. mixeil ServaSiZes isic acnobes, rom
Si Casvlisa da TbilisSi wardgenili vrceli osmalo sardali afxazebisa da Cerqezebisa-
moxsenebisa, kavkasiis samefisnacvlos xelmZ- gan osmaleTis anatoliis armiaSi gasagzavnad
RvanelobisaTvis mainc gaurkveveli rCeboda molaSqreebs krebda, 700 mebrZoli ukve gag-
sakiTxi: mixeil ServaSiZe ruseTis imperato- zavnili iyo. afxazeTis mTavrisaTvis Zalze
ris erTguli iyo, Tu man Ralati Caidina da sagangaSo iyo is, rom afxazeTis gavleniani
osmalebs miemxro. imave mdgomareobaSi iyo adamianebi, hasan marRania, baTali bei marSania
afxazeTisa da samegrelos mosaxleoba. mixeil da ubixi haji berzeki, mas samSoblos mitove-
ServaSiZis Ralatis Sesaxeb xmebi kidev ufro baSi adanaSaulebdnen da samurzayanodan (oC-
didi intensiobiT vrceldeboda mokavSireTa amCiridan) saswrafod soxumSi dabrunebisaken
mier sevastopolis aRebis Semdeg (1855 wlis mouwodebdnen. maT mixeil ServaSiZes SemouT-
agvisto), riTac, faqtobrivad, mTeli yirimis vales: afxazeTidan wasvlis gamo xalxis ndo-
naxevarkunZulis okupacia dasrulda. mixeil bas da xelisuflebas dakargav, xolo ruseTis
597
imperatoris mier naboZebi general-adiutan- mixeil ServaSiZe: kanoni marTlac aseTia,

tis wodeba verafers giSveliso. didi fiqris magram aqauri adaT-wesebis mixedviT, urT-
Semdeg mixeil ServaSiZe soxumSi dabrunda da ierToba mSoblebsa da Svilebs Soris aras-
yvelafers akeTebda imisaTvis, rom dakargu- dros ar wydeba. me didi survili maqvs, rom
li ndoba isev moepovebina. Cemi meuRle aq iyos da didad madlobeli
1855 wlis 19 seqtembers omer faSa osma- viqnebi, Tu mas CamoiyvanT. me misi Camoyvanis
leTis flotiT soxums miadga. igi gemidan na- saSualeba ar maqvs.
pirze korpusis Stabis oficrebis TanxlebiT omer faSa: amboben, rom Tqven rusebis
gadavida. omer faSas Tan axldnen ingliseli erTguli rCebiT da Tbilisel ufrosebTan
da frangi oficrebic. napirze mas afxaz Ta- mimowerac gaqvT.
vadebTan erTad mixeil ServaSiZe eloda. am mixeil ServaSiZe: generalo, me rom
Sexvedris Sesaxeb polkovnikma nikolai koli- TqvenTvis meTqva, sulTnis erTguli var-
ubakinma soxumeli informatorze dayrdno- meTqi, Tqven amas Cems sulmokleobas mi-
biT, 1855 wlis 28 seqtembers general vasili awerdiT. saWirod ar miviCnev, Tqven wi-
bebuTovs werilobiT moaxsena. moxsenebaSi naSe simarTle davmalo da ar giTxraT, rom
aRniSnulia: afxazeTis mTavars surda sar- davalebuli var ruseTis imperatorisagan.
dals osmaluri wesis mixedviT misalmeboda, movlenaTa ganviTarebam rusebi iZulebuli
magram omer faSam ar daaneba, xeli gauwoda gaxada afxazeTidan wasuliyvnen, me TviTon
da rusulad uTxra: `gamarjoba, mixeil~. mis- gaviyvane isini, amas me stumarTmoyvareobis
almebis Semdeg mixeil ServaSiZe da omer faSa elementaruli wesi mavaldebulebda. axla Sin
cxenebiT jaris dasaTvaliereblad gaemarT- davbrundi da araviTari sababi ara maqvs, rom
nen. afxazeTis mTavari erTxans omer faSas rusebis winaaRmdeg vimoqmedo. Tu afxazeTSi
gverdiT midioda, magram roca SeniSna, rom dRes arsebul xelisuflebas ar surs, rom
mas aravin xmas ar scemda, amalas Camoscil- ase viqceode, SemiZlia davtovo Cemi saxli da
da da mTavris sasaxlisaken daiZra. jarebis samTavro. rusebTan urTierTobisas gasakicx
daTvalierebis Semdeg omer faSac amaliT iq- saqcielSi mtkicebulebis warmodgenamde ve-
iTken gaemarTa da sasaxlis win mdgom mixeil ravin damdebs brals.
ServaSiZes ramdenime sityva rusulad uTxra. omer faSa: saqme isaa, rom Tqven rCebiT
xalxSi xma gavrcelda, rom TiTqos omer sakuTar saxlSi da xels uSliT Cveni gank-
faSam afxazeTis mTavars rusebTan dabruneba argulebebis Sesrulebas. rac Seexeba Tqven
urCia. omer faSas erT-erT pirvel brZanebaSi mier naxseneb mtkicebulebas, imedi maqvs, mas
aRniSnuli iyo, rom afxazebisa da mTielebis Tavis droze warmogidgenT.
gamaspinZlebisaTvis saWiro Tanxas piradad 1856 wlis 22 ianvars mixeil ServaSiZem
igi gaiRebda. werili gaugzavna general vasili bebuTovs,
mixeil ServaSiZisa da omer faSas Sexve- romelSic dawvrilebiT aRwera afxazeTidan
drisa da saubris ambavs 1855 wlis 14 oqtomb- ruseTis jaris gamoyvanis Semdeg Seqmnili vi-
ers daweril moxsenebaSi dimitri yifiani ase Tareba da Seecada aexsna, Tu samegrelodan
gadmoscems: ratom gaemgzavra jer oCamCireSi, xolo Sem-
mixeil ServaSiZe:
ServaSiZe: generalo, me mgoni, deg _ soxumSi. imave werilSi afxazeTis mTa-
CemTvis jerjerobiT mTavris uflebebi ar vari exeba mis urTierTobas mustafa faSasa
CamogirTmeviaT. Cemi samflobelos Sinaur da omer faSasTan. mixeil ServaSiZe aRniSnavs,
marTvaSi rusebi ar ereodnen, vimedovneb, rom Tavdapirvelad igi orivem civad miiRo.
amis aucilebloba arc amJamad arsebobs. sam- mTavari Seecada omer faSasTvis aexsna, rom
TavroSi simSvide Cemzea damokidebuli, sxva- ar SeeZlo eRalata im saxelmwifosaTvis, ro-
nairad Znelia gansazRvro momavali. melic mis samTavros icavda, amitom afxaze-
omer faSa: Sens uflebebSi ar Caerevian, Tis mTavari osmalebs manam ver daemorCile-
magram mipasuxe, ratom ar aris Seni ojaxi aq? boda, sanam ruseTis imperatori afxazeTs
mixeil ServaSiZe: Cemi meuRle mamasTanaa,
mamasTanaa, osmaleTis sulTans ar dauTmobda. werilSi
romelic mas ar uSvebs. mixeil ServaSiZe uaryofda gavrcelebul
omer faSa: Tqveni kanonebis mixedviT, xmebs imis Sesaxeb, rom osmaleTis sulTanma
meuRleze Zalaufleba, garda qmrisa, aravis TiTqos sagangebo firmaniT mas samurzayano
ar aqvs. daumtkica (am driosaTvis samuirzayano afxa-
598
vaxtang guruli
zeTis samTavroSi aRar Sedioda _ v.g.). amas- binaT, romlis srulwlovanebamde afxazeTi
Tan erTad, mTavari aRniSnavda, rom mas mar- regentad daniSnul dedofal aleqsandras
Tlac surda samurzayanos dabruneba, magram unda ganego. aleqsandra ServaSiZes samTavro
am wyalobas osmaleTis sulTnisagan ki ara, regentTa sabWosTan erTad unda emarTa, rom-
ruseTis imperatorisagan elodeboda. dabo- lis wevrebic grigol da dimitri ServaSiZee-
los, mixeil ServaSiZe vasili bebuTovs acno- bi iqnebodnen.
bebda: Tu ruseTis xelisuflebas davWirdebi, male ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis cnobi-
mzad var dauyovnebliv davtovo afxazeTio. li gaxda, rom mixeil ServaSiZe peterburgSi
am werilis gacnibis Semdeg kavkasiis mefis- apirebda gamgzavrebas. nikolai muraviovma
nacvalma nikolai muraviovma aseTi daskvna brZaneba gasca, afxazeTis mTavari Tbilis-
gamoitana: afxazeTis mTavari orpirobs, mas Si CamoeyvanaT da sanam misi bedi sabolood
surs amoicnos, afxazeTi ruseTs darCeba Tu gadawydeboda, SinapatimrobaSi daetovebi-
osmaleTs? misTvis mTavris taxtis SenarCune- naT. nikolai muraviovis Suamdgomloba mix-
bas ruseTis imperatori gadawyvets Tu osma- eil ServaSiZis mTavris taxtidan gadayenebis
leTis sulTani?.. Sesaxeb imperatorma aleqsandr II-m ar daak-
yirimis omis dasrulebis Semdeg parizis mayofila. ruseTis imperiis samxedro minis-
sazavo xelSekrulebiT (1856 wlis 18 marti) trma generalma ivan suxozanetma 1856 wlis 26
afxazeTi ruseTs darCa. cxadi iyo, rom af- ivniss nikolai muraviovs acnoba, rom impera-
xazeTidan gamoyvanis jarebs ruseTi isev torma mixeil ServaSiZis moqmedebaSi winas-
samTavros teritoriaze daabrunebda. af- warganzraxviT Cadenili Ralati ver dainaxa
xazeTis mniSvnelobas zrdida is, rom rusebi da amis gamo kavkasiis mefisnacvlis Suamd-
Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasiis dapyrobisaTvis gomloba ar dakmayofilda.
brZolebs agrZelebda, afxazeTi ki uSualod 3. afxazeTis samTavros gauqmeba. Crdilo-
esazRvreboda momavali sabrZolo moqmede- dasavleT kavkasiis dapyrobam da kavkasiis
bebis regions. afxazeTSi jarebis Seyvanamde didi omebis warmatebiT dasrulebam (1864 w.)
kavkasiis mefisnacvals mixeil ServaSiZis praqtikulad gadawyvita afxazeTis samTav-
bedi unda gadaewyvita. nikolai muraviovs ros gauqmebis sakiTxi. miuxedavad amisa, ru-
didi survili hqonda, mixeil ServaSiZe dauy- seTis xelisufleba mainc frTxilobda.
ovnebliv gadaeyenebina, miuxedavad imisa, rom 1863 wlis gazafxulze kavkasiis mefis-
amas ewinaaRmdegeboda parizis sazavo xelSek- nacvalma mixail romanovma quTaisSi mixeil
rulebis me-5 muxli. am muxlis ZaliT, mixeil ServaSiZe miiRo. miRebam Tbilad Caiara. misi
ServaSiZes, rogorc komprometirebul qve- dasrulebis Semdeg mefisnacvalma quTaisis
Sevrdoms, ruseTis xelisuflebisagan Sewy- general-gubernators daavala yovelTvis
aleba unda mieRo. nikolai muraviovs xels keTilganwyoba gamoevlina afxazeTis mTavris
uxsnida is, rom xsenebuli muxli afxazeTis mimarT, Tvali daexuWa mixeil ServaSiZis
mTavarze ki vrceldeboda, magram mixeil Ser- zogierT adamianur sisusteze da, saerTod,
vaSiZe, garda imisa, rom afxazeTis mTavari megobruli urTierToba daemyarebina mTavar-
iyo, ruseTis imperatorisagan generlis samx- Tan. mixeil ServaSiZesa da quTaisis axal gen-
edro wodeba hqonda naboZebi, xolo parizis eral-gubernator general-leitenant dimi-
sazavo xelSekrulebis me-5 muxli samxedroe- tri sviatopolk-mirskis Soris keTilganwy-
bze ar vrceldeboda. ruseTis xelisuflebis oba imTaviTve SeiniSneboda, Tumca, rogorc
winaSe daisva arcTu advilad gadasaWreli gairkva, es droebiTi iyo.
sakiTxi: daerRviaT 1810 wels ruseTis impe- 1863 wels.mixeil ServaSiZe samkurnalod
riis qveSevrdomobaSi afxazeTis Sesvlisas piatigorskSi gaemgzavra da iq mTel zafxuls
dadebuli pirobebi da saerTod gaeuqmebinaT darCa. Tavis afxazeTis marTva-gamgeoba Tavis
samTavro, Tu samTavro SeenarCunebinaT, ma- Zmas, aleqsandres
aleqsandres,, Caabara. aleqsandre susti
gram misi marTva-gamgeoba ServaSiZeTa sax- mmarTveli aRmoCnda, Tavi ver gaarTva Ta-
lis sxva warmomadgenlisaTvis CaebarebinaT. vadebs Soris arsebul dapirispirebas. mixeil
nikolai muraviovi miiCnevda, rom afxazeTSi ServaSiZesTan daaxloebulma hasan marRaniam
samxedro mmarTveloba unda SemoeRoT, mix- SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma moawyo polkovnik
eil ServaSiZe mTavris taxtidan gadaeyenebi- Tavad grigol ServaSiZis mamulze. Tavdamsx-
naT, mTavrad misi Svili giorgi gamoecxade- melebma gaanadgures ramdenime sofeli, xolo
599
am soflebSi tyved ayvanili 25 adamiani os- marTva aRar SemiZlia, mTavrobidan gadamay-
malebs mihyides. piatigorskSi myofma mixeil eneT da samkurnalod ucxoeTSi gamgzavneTo.
ServaSiZem hasan marRania ki ar dasaja, aramed mixeil ServaSiZis es werili xelisuflebam
dazaralebuli grigol ServaSiZe abJivis ok- ServaSiZeTa samTavro saxlis afxazeTis mar-
rugis ufrosobidan gadaayena da, rac kidev Tva-gamgeobidan CamocilebisaTvis gamoiy-
ufro moulodneli iyo, mis nacvlad hasan ena. kavkasiis korpusis Stabis ufrosma gen-
marRania daniSna. momxdari faqti gaxmaurda, eralma kocebum 1864 wlis 15 marts mixeil
ris gamoc mogvianebiT, 1864 wlis 27 marts, ServaSiZisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi kavkasiis
kavkasiis mefisnacvalma mixeil ServaSiZis mefisnacvlis saxeliT mwuxareba gamoTqva
gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb acnoba ruseTis im- imis gamo, rom mas samTavros marTva-gamgeoba
periis samxedro ministr general-adiutant aRar SeeZlo. werilSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom
dimitri miliutins. 1863 wlis Semodgomaze mixeil ServaSiZis mTavris taxtidan gaday-
soxumSi Cavida kavkasiis mefisnacvali mixail enebis sakiTxs mefisnacvali imperatorTan
romanovi. afxazeTis mTavari mefisnacvals SeaTanxmebda.
soxumSi ar daxvedria. man stumars acnoba, kavkasiis mefisnacvali miiCnevda, rom
rom avadmyofobam logins miajaWva. amasTan afxazeTSi mTavris xelisuflebis datoveba-
erTad, mixeil ServaSiZe mefisnacvals sTxov- ardatovebis sakiTxi unda gadawyvetiliyo
da, rom masTan gaeSva misi ufrosi vaJi gior- Savi zRvis sanapiroze, mdinare yubanis Ses-
gi, romelic kavkasiis mefisnacvlis adiutan- arTavidan mdinare bzifis SesarTavamde, ka-
ti iyo. igive Txovna gaimeora mTavarma 1863 zakuri stanicebis(dasaxlebebis) SeqmnasTan
wlis 27 oqtombers kavkasiis korpusis Sta- kavSirSi. 1810 wlidan, mas Semdeg, rac afxa-
bis ufros infanteriis general pavel koce- zeTis samTavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdo-
busaTvis gagzavnil werilSi. afxazeTis mTa- mobaSi Sevida, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo ru-
vari werda, rom misi didi survili iyo, tax- seTis xelisuflebam afxazeTSi rusi kolo-
tis memkvidres monawileoba mieRo samTavros nistebis Casaxlebis sakiTxi ver gadawyvita.
marTva-gamgeobaSi, es aucilebeli iyo imitom, mefisnacvali miiCnevda, rom Tu afxazeTSi
rom avadmyofobis gamo mas aRar SeeZlo wes- mTavris xelisufleba SenarCundeboda, Savi
rigi daemyarebina samTavroSi. 1863 wlis 10 zRvis sanapiros kolonizaciac SeuZlebeli
dekembers generalma kocebum afxazeTis mTa- iqneboda.
vars mefisnacvlis azri acnoba. mixail roma- Tbilissa da peterburgs Soris konsul-
novi miiCnevda, rom taxtis memkvidris samTav- taciebis Sedegad gadawyda: 1. afxazeTis mTa-
ros marTva-gamgeobaSi monawileobis nebarT- vari da misi memkvidre unda daeTanxmebinaT
vas igi imperatorTan SeTanxmebis gareSe ver imaze, rom uari eTqvaT mTavris taxtze, ris
gascemda. garda amisa, mefisnacvals miaCnda, sanacvlodac miiRebdnen pensias; 2. afxaze-
rom giorgi ServaSiZe Zalze axalgazrda iyo Tis samTavros teritoriaze unda Seqmniliyo
da misTvis naadrevi iyo aseTi tvirTis da- samxedro olqi; 3. mdinare yubanis SesarTa-
kisreba. vidan mdinare enguris SesarTavamde unda
1863 wlis Semodgomidan mixeil Serva- Seqmniliyo kazakTa dasaxlebebi (stanicebi);
SiZe Tavis mamulSi, bzifis okrugis sofel 4.samxedro olqis organizebisa da stanicebis
souqsuSi (lixnSi), dasaxlda, saidanac mTa- Seqmnis Semdeg unda Camoyalibebuliyo afxa-
vari ubixebs daukavSirda. rusebis winaaRm- zeTis kazakTa jari, romelSic, kazakebis gar-
deg mebrZoli ubixebis mamasaxlisebi xSirad da, bzifis xeobis afxazebsac unda emsaxuraT;
stumrobdnen afxazeTis mTavars. quTaisis 5. afxazeTSi samudamod unda damyarebuliyo
general-gubernatorma dimitri sviatopolk- rusuli mmarTveloba. 1864 wlis 1 maiss ru-
mirskim mixeil ServaSiZe oficialurad gaaf- seTis imperiis samxedro ministrma general-
rTxila: ubixebTan urTierTobas, romelTa adiutantma dimitri miliutinma quTaisis
dapyroba sul male dasruldeboda, verafriT general-gubernator dimitri sviatopolk-
gaamarTlebTo. 1864 wlis 26 Tebervals gag- mirskis acnoba, rom mixeil ServaSiZis Txovna
zavnil werilSi afxazeTis mTavarma general- mTavris taxtidan gadadgomis Sesaxeb gamoy-
gubernators ubixebTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb enebuli unda yofiliyo. general-guberna-
ki ar upasuxa, aramed sTxova: Cemi janmrT- tors evaleboda, rom mixeil ServaSiZisaT-
eloba yoveldRiurad uaresdeba, samTavros vis piradad ecnobebina Semdegi: imperatoris
600
vaxtang guruli
nebiT, afxazeTis samTavro uqmdeboda, mTa- Tis mTavari quTaisSi ver Cavidoda, afxa-
vari da misi memkvidreebi samudamod kargavd- zeTSi Tavisi adiutanti polkovniki levaSovi
nen mTavris uflebebs, mTavars mieniWeboda gagzavna. levaSovs mixeil ServaSiZisaTvis
general-adiutantis samxedro wodeba da Ta- unda aexsna, Tu ra uaryofiTi Sedegebi mo-
visi survilis mixedviT icxovrebda peter- hyveboda misTvis mTavris taxtidan nebayo-
burgSi an moskovSi. flobiT gadadgomaze uaris Tqmas. levaSovs
afxazeTis samTavros gauqmebis SemTx- afxazeTis mTavari unda daerwmunebina, rom
vevaSi unda gadawyvetiliyo mTavrisa da misi misTvis da misi ojaxisaTvis umjobesi iqnebo-
ojaxis finansuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi, ra da, Tu ruseTis imperatoris nebas usityvod
Tanxa unda mieRo afxazeTis mTavars im Se- Seasrulebda. levaSovi afxazeTSi Cavida, ma-
mosavlebis sanacvlod, romelsac samTavros gram mis mcdelobas Sedegi ar mohyolia. mix-
arsebobis dros iRebda. 1864 wlis aprilSi ka- eil ServaSiZem ganacxada, rom surda sikvdi-
vkasiis komitetma ganixila mixeil ServaSiZisa lamde afxazeTis mTavrad darCeniliyo. amas-
da misi ojaxis momavali materialuri mdgo- Tan erTad, man levaSovs isic ganucxada, rom
mareobis sakiTxi da aRZra Semdegi Suamdgom- Tu imperatori mis gadayenebas da samTavros
loba: 1. mixeil ServaSiZes SeunarCundes 1851 gauqmebas mainc aucileblad miiCnevda, mas,
wels daniSnuli yovelwliuri 10.000 maneTi; garda damorCilebisa, sxva gza aRar rCeboda.
2. mixeil ServaSiZes SeunarCundes 1847 wels gadadgomis SemTxvevaSi, mTavari pensiasa da
ruseTisaTvis Savi zRvis sanapiro portebis afxazeTSi misi kuTvnili mamulebis SenarCu-
gadacemis sanacvlod daniSnuli 9.000 mane- nebas iTxovda.
Ti; 3. afxazeTis mTavris mamulebi gadaeces polkovnik levaSovis misiis warumate-
xazinas da miRebuli Semosavali mTavrobam blobis Semdeg kavkasiis mefisnacvalma 1864
afxazeTis rusuli mmarTvelobis Sesanaxad wlis 24 ivniss mixeil ServaSiZes gaugzavna
gamoiyenos; 4. mixeil ServaSiZes daeniSnos reskripti, rom igi gadayenebulia mTavris
memkvidreobiTi pensia imave principiT, ra taxtidan. reskriptSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom jer
principiTac daeniSnaT pensia qarTl-kaxeTi- kidev 1847 wels mixeil ServaSiZem kavkasiis
sa da imereTis samefoebis batoniSvilebs; 5. mefisnacval mixail voroncovs avadmyofobis
mTavris taxtidan gadadgomis Semdeg mixeil gamo mTavris taxtidan gadayenebis TxovniT
ServaSiZes SeunarCundes general-adiutan- mimarTa, magram imxanad arsebul politi-
tis samxedro wodeba; 6. mixeil ServaSiZem kur viTarebaSi voroncovma mTavris Txov-
sacxovreblad airCios peterburgi an mos- na ar daakmayofila. mefisnacvali mixaili
kovi; 7. finansuri uzrunvelyofa da sxva Se- reskriptSi aRniSnavda: soxumSi yofnis dros
RavaTebi gavrceldes ara marto mixeil Ser- avadmyofobis gamo mTavris taxtidan Tqveni
vaSiZesa da mis ojaxze, aramed mis Zmebsa da gadadgomis survili rom Sevityve, yovelive
biZaSvilebze. imperators vacnobe; imperatorma mxedvelo-
imperatorma aleqsandr II-m kavkasi- baSi miiRo Tqveni xangrZlivi avadmyofoba,
is komitetis winadadebebi moiwona da misi romelmac janmrTeloba SegiryiaT, aseve isic,
dawvrilebiTi ganxilva da ganmarteba kavka- rom aucilebeli iyo afxazeTis samTavros
siis mefisnacvals daavala. mixail romanov- marTva-gamgeobis mowesrigeba da daeTanxma
ma ar isurva afxazeTis samTavros gauqmeba mTavris taxtidan Tqvens gadadgomas. mefis-
saidumlod ganexorcielebina. man 1864 wlis nacvali imasac aRniSnavda, rom saqme exebo-
3 ivniss quTaisSi Sexvedraze miiwvia mixeil da ara marto mixeil ServaSiZis gadadgomas,
ServaSiZe, raTa misTvis afxazeTis samTavros aramed ServaSiZeTa sagvareulos afxazeTis
gauqmebis Sesaxeb imperatoris gadawyvetileba marTva-gamgeobidan samudamod CamoSorebas.
ecnobebina. miwvevis miRebis Semdeg afxazeTis dabolos, kavkasiis mefisnacvali werda, rom
mTavarma 1864 wlis 31 maiss general karcovs mixeil ServaSiZes general-adiutantis samx-
werili gaugzavna da sTxova, mefisnacvlisT- edro wodeba unarCundeboda.
vis ecnobebina, rom avadmyofoba quTaisSi 1864 wlis 24 ivnisis reskriptTan erTad
Casvlis saSualebas ar aZlevda. imave wer- kavkasiis mefisnacvalma quTaisis samxedro
ilSi mixeil ServaSiZe kvlav iTxovda taxtis gubernators ubrZana, afxazeTSi dauyovne-
memkvidris Tbilisidan afxazeTSi gagzavnas. bliv SemoeRoT rusuli mmarTveloba, xolo
rodesc mefisnacvalma Seityo, rom afxaze- mixeil ServaSiZe, Tu nebayoflobiT ar dato-
601
vebda afxazeTs, iZulebis wesiT gaesaxlebina. podpolkovniki zavadski

zavadski,, romelic mixeil
1864 wlis 29 ivniss dimitri sviatopolk-mir- ServaSiZis ndobiT sargeblobda. am dros
skim werili gaugzavna mixeil ServaSiZes da mixeil ServaSiZe tyvarCelSi wylebze sam-
urCia, imperatoris neba usityvod Seesrule- kurnalod imyofeboda. dadiani da zavadski
bina. quTaisis general-gubernatori mixeil 1864 wlis 2 ivliss dabrundnen da quTaisis
ServaSiZes sTxovda, ar gajiutebuliyo da general-gubernators acnobes: mixeil Serva-
afxazeTi daetovebina, radgan rusuli mmarT- SiZe iTxovda afxazeTSi I agvistomde darCenis
velobis damyarebis procesSi misi iq yofna nebarTvas, xolo Tu es SeuZlebeli iqneboda,
sasurveli ar iqneboda. sviatopolk-mirski 10 ivlisamde mainc daetovebinaT. mixeil Ser-
gadayenebul mTavars quTaisSi iwvevda da Tan vaSiZe aseve iTxovda, rom oCamCireSi misTvis
urCevda, Tu TbilisSi ar surda gamgzavreba, gemi gaegzavnaT, raTa soxumSi Casuliyo. amis
raWaSi an sadme wylebze samkurnalod wasu- Semdeg igi afxazebs Sekrebda, imperatoris
liyo. am rCevis Semdeg gubernatori ukve kat- nebas gamoucxadebda da piradad dimitri svi-
egoriuli toniT mimarTavda: Tu TqvenTvis atopolk-mirskis gadascemda xelisuflebas.
da Tqveni ojaxisaTvis ubedureba ar gsurT, 1864 wlis 12 ivliss mixeil ServaSiZis Txov-
afxazeTi datoveTo. sviatopolk-mirskis nis Sesaxeb quTaisis general-gubernatorma
werils dauyovnebliv upasuxa mixeil Serva- ruseTis imperiis jarebis mTavari Stabis
SiZem da usayvedura, rom Zalian mkacrad eq- ufross acnoba.
ceoda. mixeil ServaSiZe werda: ormoc welze dimitri sviatopolk-mirskim afxazeTis
metia, misi imperatorobiTi udidebuleso- okrugebis ufrosebs daavala, mosaxleobisaT-
bis samsaxurSi var da Cems warsul samsaxurs vis gamoecxadebinaT rom mTavari gadayeneb-
mniSvnelovani sargebloba mohqonda ruseTis uli iyo da afxazeTSi myardeboda rusuli
taxtisaTvis; amdeni xnis namsaxuri generali, mmarTveloba. okrugis ufrosebs ebrZanaT,
romelic ganukurnebeli seniT loginsaa mi- rom 1864 wlis 12 ivliss soxumSi SeekribaT
jaWvuli, Tavisufal da wynar cxovrebas im- afxazeTis Tavadebi da sxva gavleniani pirebi,
saxurebs da ar unda aiZulo igi, aqeT-iqiT raTa axali mmarTvelobis SemoRebasTan daka-
ixetialos; Cemi afxazeTSi yofna odnavac ar vSirebiT gankargulebebi moesminaT. dimitri
SeuSlis xels mTavrobis gankargulebebis Ses- sviatopolk-mirski xelisuflebis gadace-
rulebas, piriqiT, me magaliTs mivcem sxvebs, masTan dakavSirebiT garTulebebs eloda,
Tu rogor unda aRasrulon mTavrobis neba. mas gansakuTrebiT aRelvebda xelisuflebis
mixeil ServaSiZe sviatopolk-mirskis sTxov- gadacemis procesSi mixeil ServaSiZis monaw-
da, eSuamdgomla imperatoris winaSe, raTa igi ileoba. moulodnelad TviTon mixeil Serva-
afxazeTSi, Tavis mamulSi, daetovebinaT, rom SiZem gamoucxada Sekrebil afxazebs, rom man
sicocxle samSobloSi daesrulebina, xolo xelisufleba rusebs gadasca. mTavris aseTma
misi cxedari mis mierve aRdgenil moqvis ta- saqcielma simwvave daukarga sakiTxs, Tu ro-
ZarSi daekrZalaT. mixeil ServaSiZe, cxadia, dis datovebda igi afxazeTs. amasTan erTad,
kargad grZnobda, rom misi Txovna ar dakmay- rusebi darwmundnen imaSi, rom avadmyofi
ofildeboda, amitom iyo, rom igi quTaisis mixeil ServaSiZe sxvadasxva adgilas gafan-
general-gubernators swerda: Tu imperatori tuli moZravi qonebis Tavmoyrasa da ojaxis
Cems Txovnas ar Seiwynarebs, maSin gTxovT gasamgzavreblad momzadebas sakmaod didxans
momceT uvado pasporti, raTa pirveli Sesa- moundeboda. amitom iyo, rom 1864 wlis 12 iv-
ZleblobisTanave ierusalims gavemgzavro da liss quTaisis general-gubernatorma kavka-
iq manam davrCe, sanam imperatori afxazeTSi, siis korpusis mTavari Stabis ufrosis winaSe
Cems mamulSi, dabrunebis nebas ar momcemso. iSuamdgomla, raTa mixeil ServaSiZisaTvis
dimitri sviatopolk-mirski afxazeTSi afxazeTidan gasamgzavreblad dro miecaT.
rusuli mmarTvelobis SemoRebis mizniT sox- 1864 wlis 12 ivliss quTaisis general-
umSi gaemgzavra. man soxumidan mixeil Serva- gubernatorma dimitri sviatopolk-mirskim
SiZes Tavad dadianis xeliT kavkasiis mefis- soxumSi Sekrebil Tavadebsa da sxva sapa-
nacvlis reskripti gaugzavna SekiTxviT: ra tivcemulo afxazebs acnoba, rom 12 ivli-
wesiTa da rigiT surda mTavars afxazeTis sidan ruseTis mTavrobisa da afxazeTis
Sinauri mmarTveloba rusuli administra- rusuli administraciis brZanebebsa da gan-
ciisaTvis gadaebarebina. dadians Tan gahyva kargulebebs unda damorCilebodnen. axal
602
vaxtang guruli
administraciul-teritoriul dayofamde swrafad unda daetovebina. Tavis moxsene-

afxazeTSi rCeboda sami okrugi: bzifis, afxa- baSi sviatopolk-mirski aRniSnavs, rom, misi
zeTisa da abJivasi. sasamarTlos funqcia unda azriT, dimitri ServaSiZis afxazeTSi yofna
Seesrulebina gamoCenili da didi avtorite- saSiSi iqneboda mxolod sxva saxelmwifosTan
tis mqone yvelasagan pativcemuli afxazebis- omis SemTxvevaSi, mSvidobianobis dros ki mas
agan Semdgar sasamarTlos. am sasamarTlos ar ruseTis interesebisaTvis zianis miyeneba ar
unda ganexila mkvlelobis saqmeebi, radgan am SeeZlo.
SemTxvevaSi ganaCeni rusuli kanonmdeblobis quTaisis general-gubernatoris mox-
mixedviT unda yofiliyo gamotanili. aikrZa- seneba peterburgSi jer miRebulic ar hqon-
la sisxlis aReba, adamianebiT vaWroba da daT, rom ruseTis imperiis samxedro minis-
kontrabanda. mosaxleobis socialur fenebad trma kavkasiis mefisnacvals acnoba impera-
dayofa da miwaTsargeblobis wesi ucvleli tor aleqsandre II-is neba: mixeil ServaSiZes
rCeboda. afxazeTi unda daetovebina araugvianes 1864
kavkasiis mefisnacvali daeTanxma quTai- wlis 1 oqtombrisa. kavkasiis mefisnacvalma
sis general-gubernatoris azrs, rom mixeil imperators sTxova mixeil ServaSiZis af-
ServaSiZe droebiT Tavis mamulSi darCeboda, xazeTidan gasaxleba mis soxumSi Casvlamde
Tumca mas sabolood afxazeTis datoveba gadaedo. mefisnacvals surda, piradad
mouwevda. quTaisis general-gubernators garkveuliyo Seqmnil viTarebaSi. igi sox-
ebrZana mkacri kontroli daewesebina mixeil umSi 1864 wlis 11 oqtombers Cavida, sadac
ServaSiZeze da rogorc ki avadmyofis mdgo- mas gadasces mixeil ServaSiZisa werili aseTi
mareoba odnav gaumjobesdeboda, dauyovne- TxovniT: Tu afxazeTSi misi datoveba Seu-
bliv gaesaxlebina afxazeTidan. 1864 wlis 12 Zlebeli iqneboda, maSin gadamdgari mTavari
ivlisidan gasaxlebamde mixeil ServaSiZisaT- ojaxTan erTad ierusalimSi gamgzavrebis
vis unda SeewyvitaT yovelgvari Tanxis gacema uflebas iTxovda. cota xniT adre mixeil
xazinidan. dimitri sviatopolk-mirski afxa- ServaSiZem Txovna gaugzavna quTaisis gener-
zeTSi gaemgzavra, raTa piradad moenaxulebi- al-gubernators. amjerad igi samxedro sam-
na mixeil ServaSiZe da, Tu igi nebayoflobiT saxuridan daTxovnas da general-adiutantis
ar datovebda afxazeTs, Zalis gamoyenebiT wodebis moxsnas iTxovda. samxedro wodebaze
gaesaxlebina. tyvarCelSi Casul general- uaris Tqma kavkasiis mefisnacvalma mTavris
gubernators ServaSiZe mwoliare dauxvda. mZime fsiqologiuri mdgomareobiT axsna. rac
quTaisis general-gubernatorma am Sexvedris Seexeba mixeil ServaSiZis Zalis gamoyenebiT
Sesaxeb 1864 wlis 20 seqtembers kavkasiis me- gasaxlebas, mixail romanovi Semdegnairad
fisnacvals moaxsena. moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, uyurebda: Zala mxolod maSin gamoeyenebi-
rom avadmyofma dimitri sviatopolk-mirskis naT, Tu mixeil ServaSiZe rusuli mmarTvelo-
pirdapir ganucxada, rom Seuracxyofili iyo bis damyarebas xels SeuSlida. winaaRmdeg
im undoblobiTa da simkacriT, romelsac SemTxvevaSi, gadamdgari avadmyofi mTavris,
xelisufleba mis mimarT iCenda. general- ruseTis winaSe damsaxurebis mqone general-
gubernatorma sayveduri ar miiRo da mixeil adiutantis mimarT kavkasiis mefisnacvali
ServaSiZes aseve pirdapir ganucxada: xelisu- Zalis gamoyenebas dauSveblad miiCnevda.
flebis gadabarebiT Tqven imperatoris br- mixail romanovma mixeil ServaSiZes ufleba
Zanebis erTi nawili SeasruleT, Sesasrule- darTo afxazeTSi 1865 wlis gazafxulamde
beli dagrCaT meore nawili _ afxazeTidan darCeniliyo. am gadawyvetilebas imperato-
wasvla. saubarma or saaTs gastana. Sexvedris ris Tanxmoba sWirdeboda, Suamdgomlobis
dasasruls mixeil ServaSiZem kidev erTxel aRZvras ki kavkasiis mefisnacvali TbilisSi
iTxova afxazeTSi darCena da, Tu es SeuZle- dabrunebis Semdeg apirebda. TbilisSi dab-
beli iqneboda, zamTrobiT quTaisSi, xolo runebul mefisnacvals sruliad moulodne-
zafxulobiT baqoSi cxovrebis ufleba. Tu es li ambavi daaxvedres: ruseTis imperiis elCi
Txovnac Sewynarebuli ar iqneboda, maSin mix- nikolai ignatievi ityobineboda, rom mixeil
eil ServaSiZe ierusalimSi gamgzavrebis ne- ServaSiZem osmaleTis mTavrobas TavSesa-
barTvas iTxovda. gamomSvidobebisas quTaisis fari da, amasTan erTad, misi da misi ojaxis
general-gubernatorma kidev erTxel Seax- wasayvanad soxumSi gemis gagzavna sTxova. am
sena maspinZels, rom afxazeTi rac SeiZleba cnobis miRebisTanave saTanado RonisZiebebi
603
gaatara quTaisis general-gubernatorma. vaSiZe ar daapatimra. 1864 wlis 6 noembers

dimitri sviatopolk-mirskim general pavel mixeil ServaSiZem quTaisis general-guber-
Satilovs ubrZana, jari gaegzavna oCamCireSi. nators werili gaugzavna da general Sati-
1864 wlis 3 noembers erevnis qveiTTa pol- lovis uRirsi saqcielis Sesaxeb acnoba. man
kis 2 batalioni da kazakTa 1 aseuli gemiT werilis dawerisas ar icoda, rom 4 noembers
oCamCireSi gadaiyvanes. 4 noembers generalma dimitri sviatopolk-mirskim Setyobineba
Satilovma erevnis qveiTTa polkis 2 aseuli gaugzavna general pavel Satilovs, rom mix-
da kazakTa 1 aseuli polkovnik kutaisovis eil ServaSiZe gemiT dauyovnebliv novoro-
meTaurobiT tyvarCelisaken gagzavna, sadac siiskSi gadaeyvana
gadaeyvana.. Satilovs miTiTeba mieca,
erT-erT sofelSi mixeil ServaSiZe egulebo- rom Tu aucilebeli gaxdeboda, iaraRic ki
daT. kutaisovma daadgina, rom mixeil Serva- gamoeyenebina.
SiZes adreve Seutyvia oCamCireSi jaris misv- 1864 wlis 7 noembers mixeil ServaSiZe
la, mTeli qoneba miutovebia da dalis xeobi- oCamCireSi Caiyvanes da imave dRes gem `so-
saken gaqceula. Satilovi jariT sofel gup- koliT~ novorosiiskisaken gaistumres. kavka-
Si Sevida, sadac mas acnobes, rom mas mixeil siis mefisnacvalma aRZra Suamdgomloba, rom
ServaSiZe mosalaparakeblad iwvevda sofel mixeil ServaSiZe sacxovreblad samxreT ru-
TxinaSi.. TxinaSi Satilovma kutaisovTan er-
TxinaSi seTis romelime guberniaSi gaegzavnaT. sab-
Tad maiori kiSelski gagzavna
gagzavna,, romelTac mTa- olood, afxazeTis ukanaskneli mTavari vo-
vari daiTanxmes, ukan dabrunebuliyo. gen- roneJSi dasaxlda. iqaurma klimatma mixeil
eral Satilovs mixeil ServaSiZem ganumarta, ServaSiZis janmrTeloba gaauaresa da 1865
rom man dalis xeobisaken gaqceva mxolod wels igi gardaicvala. mixeil ServaSiZe da-
ruseTis jaris moulodnelad gamoCenis gamo krZales afxazeTSi, moqvis taZarSi, sagvareu-
gadawyvita. generalma mixeil ServaSiZes ur- lo saZvaleSi.
Cia, rom misTvis uxerxuli iyo jaris meT-
valyureobis qveS darCena, ris gamoc umjobe-
***
si iqneboda saswrafod quTaisSi gamgzavre-
buliyo. mixeil ServaSiZem generals sTxova, samegrelos, svaneTisa da afxazeTis sam-
qveiTTa 2 aseuli oCamCireSi daebrunebina da Tavroebis gauqmebiT rusuli administraci-
masTan mxolod kazakTa aseuli daetovebina. ul-teritoriuli dayofa saqarTvelos mTel
igi pirobas debda, rom saswrafod datovebda teritoriaze gavrcelda. samive samTavro
afxazeTs. Satilovma Txovna ar Seusrula da quTaisis sageneralgubernatoros Semadgen-
polkovnik kutaisovis Suamdgomlobis Semdeg lobaSi Sevida.
mxolod imas dasTanxmda, rom mixeil Ser-
604
vaxtang guruli
Tavi XXXI. saqarTvelos qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba (XIX saukunis 40-

iani wlebis damdegi - 60-iani wlebis Sua xanebi)
samxreT kavkasiis (amierkavkasiis) admin- sazogadoebrivi mmarTvelobis Semadgenlo-

istraciuli mmarTvelobis reformam, ro- baSi arCevnebis gareSe SehyavdaT saqarT-
melic 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonis safuZ- velos uzenaesi mTavrobis warmomadgeneli
warmomadgeneli,,
velze ganxorcielda, mniSvnelovani cvli- romelic warmarTavda kidec mmarTvelobis
leba Seitana Tbilisisa da saqarTvelos sxva mTel saqmianobas. Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi
qalaqebis cxovrebaSi. mmarTveloba sakuTriv ruseTis sagubernio
qalaqebis mmarTvelobisagan gansxvavdeboda
imiT, rom mas mxolod saTaTbiro ufle-
§1 qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba 1840-1844 ba hqonda miniWebuli. Tbilisis saqalaqo
wlebSi mmarTveloba Tavis funqciebs axorcieleb-
da e.w. mamasaxlisebisa da maTi TanaSemwee-
1. Tbilisi. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanon-
bis meSveobiT. mamasaxlisebsa da maT TanaS-
Tan erTad damtkicebuli `qalaqebis sazoga-
emweebs mosaxleobis sami socialuri fena
doebrivi mmarTvelobis debulebis~ cxovre-
erTi wlis vadiT irCevda. 1851 wels mama-
baSi gatareba TbilisSi gaWianurda. 1841
saxlisebis Tanamdebobas daemata komisrebis
wlis 21 agvistos SemoRebuli iqna Tbilisis
Tanamdeboba, romelTac qalaqis meurneobi-
sazogadoebrivi mmarTveloba,
mmarTveloba, romlis pro-
dan miRebuli Semosavlis kontroli evale-
eqtze muSaoba jer kidev 1802 wels dai-
bodaT. Tavdapirvelad sami komisari dain-
wyo. Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi mmarTveloba
iSna. garda mamasaxlisebisa da komisrebisa,
ZiriTadad gadmoRebuli iyo ruseTis sagu-
saqalaqo mmarTvelobas hyavda gadasaxadis
bernio qalaqebis mmarTvelobisgan, magram
amkrebi (Tavdapirvelad gadasaxadis amkreb-
mas bevri Taviseburebac gaaCnda. magali-
Ta ori Stati iqna daSvebuli). saerTod, qa-
Tad, e.w. sabinao komisia, romelic ruseTSi
laqis meurneobis marTva qalaqis Tavsa da
tradiciulad saqalaqo policias eqvemde-
saqalaqo mmarTvelobas Soris iyo gadan-
bareboda, Tbilisis sazogadoebriv mmarTv-
awilebuli. Tbilisis qalaqis Tavi imave
elobas gadaeca. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kan-
uflebebiT iyo aRWurvili, ra uflebebiTac
onis mixedviT, qalaqis mosaxleobaSi sami
sargeblobda ruseTis sagubernio qalaqis
ZiriTadi socialuri fena iyo gamoyofili:
Tavi. iyo gansxvavebac. Tbilisis qalaqis Ta-
uZravi qonebis mflobelebi
mflobelebi,, vaWrebi
vaWrebi,, xelos-
vis uSualo daqvemdebarebaSi iyo: saqalaqo
nebi.. sinamdvileSi, es ar iyo socialuri
nebi
mmarTvelobis kancelaria da saqmis warmoe-
fenebi, qalaqis mosaxleoba ubralod daiyo
ba, qalaqis im uZravi qonebis Sefaseba, ro-
jgufebad. Tu pirvel fenas (uZravi qonebis
melic saqalaqo an sazogadoebrivi mmarTv-
mflobelebs) mainc CavTvliT socialur
elobis gankargulebaSi gadadioda, fasebis
fenad, aseTad ver miiCneva ver CaiTvleba
daweseba sakveb produqtebze, tvirTis gada-
meore da mesame fena (vaWrebi, xelosnebi),
zidva da sxv. samagierod, ruseTis qalaqis
radgan isini mxolod profesiuli saqmiano-
Tavebisagan gansxvavebiT, Tbilisis qalaqis
bis mixedviT iyvnen gamoyofilni.
gamoyofilni
Tavs aranairi sasamarTlo Zalaufleba ar
Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi mmarTveloba
gaaCnda. Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi mmarT-
arCeviT kolegiur organos warmoadgenda,
velobas, rogorc aRvniSneT, qalaqis mo-
romlis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo ramdenime or-
saxleobis sami socialuri fena irCevda,
gano, romelsac irCevdnen. Tbilisis sazoga-
TiToeuli or-or xmosans. SemdegSi xmosnebi
doebriv mmarTvelobaSi Sedioda: 1. Tbili-
TavianT saqmianobas warmarTvadnen imave sami
sis qalaqis Tavi
Tavi,, romelsac zemoT xsenebu-
fenidan arCeuli warmomadgenlebis uSualo
li mosaxleobis sami fena irCevda; 2. Tbili-
monawileobiT (TiToeuli fena irCevda 10
sis sazogadoebis mmarTvelobis 6 wevri anu
warmomadgenels).
xmosani. eqvsi xmosnidan or-ors irCevda
marTalia, Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi
mosaxleobis sami fena. qalaqis Tavisa da
mmarTvelobis SemoReba garkveul progress
qalaqis xmosnebis arCevis wess, ruseTSi
warmoadgenda, magram mas ar SeeZlo gadae-
moqmedi debulebidan gamomdinare, gansaz-
Wra yvela is problema, romelic 40 wlis
Rvravda kavkasiis mTavarsardali. Tbilisis
605
ganmavlobaSi grovdeboda. kavkasiis mTa- mTavarsardlis rezidencia, kavkasiis kor-

varsardali evgeni golovini da senatori pusis Stabi, hauptvaxti, gimnazia da sxv. XIX
pavel gani aRniSnavdnen: 1. Tbilisis sazoga- saukunis 30-ian wlebSi iakob zubalaSvilma
doebriv mmarTvelobas qalaqis mosaxleobis TbilisSi aago evropuli stilis pirveli
aqtiuri mxardaWeris gareSe ar SeuZlia im Senoba, romelic male saqarTvelo-imereTis
finansuri sirTuleebis daZleva, romlebic sinodalurma kantoram sasuliero seminari-
yovelwliurad sul ufro cxadad vlindeba; isaTvis SeiZina.
2. Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi mmarTveloba sainteresoa Tbilisis biujetis zdis
ver aRkveTda qalaqis meurneobaSi arsebul maCveneblebi. 1833 wels biujetma 26.098 ma-
uwesrigobas, gaugebrobasa da borotmoq- neTi Seadgina, 1837 wels _ 24.785 maneTi,
medebas. zemoT Tqmuls adasturebs Semde- 1838 wlisaTvis 24.802 maneTi Seadgina, xolo
gi faqti: 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonamde 1839 wels _ 28.882 maneTi. 1840 wels biujeti
TbilisSi saxlebis mflobelebi valdebuli kidev Semcirda da 26.762 maneTiT ganisaz-
iyvnen sacxovrebeli farTis erTi mesamedi Rvra. 1837-1840 wlebSi saSualod yovelw-
ufasod daeTmoT ruseTis jarisaTvis, an liuri biujeti 26.308 maneTs udrida. 1840
rusi moxeleebisaTvis. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis wlis biujetidan (26.762 maneTi) 21.625 ma-
kanoniT, saxlebis mflobelebi valdebulni neTi (80%) qalaqis policiis Sesanaxad daix-
aRar iyvnen sacxovrebeli farTi daeTmoT arja, xolo 5.140 maneTi qalaqis ganaTebas,
da Tu daTmobdnen, xelisuflebas maTT- dasufTavebasa da keTilmowyobas moxmarda.
vis safasuri unda gadaexada. pirvelsave 1843 wels qalaqis keTilmowyobaze gacile-
wels gairkva, rom xelisuflebam saxlebis biT naklebi _ 3.700 maneTi daixarja.
mepatroneebs ver gadauxada 37.000 maneTi, 1843 wlis 24 ivniss damtkicda debule-
imavdroulad, gairkva, rom qalaqis uZra- ba uZravi qonebidan miRebuli gadasaxadis
vi qonebis Sefasebisas Seufasebeli darCa akrefis Sesaxeb. 1843 wlis 15 seqtembridan 9
bevri saxli, xolo saxlebis nawili aras- dekambramde specialurma komisiam Tbilisis
worad (dabali fasiT) iyo Sefasebuli. 1843 uZravi qoneba aRricxa da Seafasa. dadginda,
wels Tbilisis Semosavalma Seadgina 90.379, rom TbilisSi sul uZravi qonebis 5.423 obi-
xolo gasavalma _ 91.178 maneTis. aRsaniS- eqti iyo, xolo uZravi qonebidan miRebuli
navia, rom daxarjuli Tanxis didi nawili Semosavali 471.764 maneTsa da 50 kapiks Sead-
qalaqis gadaudebeli saWiroebisaTvis ar genda.
yofila gamoyofili. 91.178 maneTi ase daix- 2. duSeTi
duSeTi.. marTalia, duSeTi samazro
arja: 1. policiis Senaxva, ruseTis jaris qalaqs warmoadgenda da Tbilisi-vladika-
mier dakavebuli moqalaqeTa saxlis qira, vkazis mniSvnelovan satransporto magis-
policiis Senobis da sapyrobilis ganaTeba tralze mdebareobda, qalaqis mosaxleoba
da gaTboba _ 83.103 maneTi (92%); 2. Tbili- Zalze nela izrdeboda. qalaqSi ZiriTadad
sis sazogadoebrivi mmarTvelobis Senaxva _ cxovrobdnen saxelmwifo glexebi
glexebi,, romle-
4.575 maneTi (5%); 3. qalaqis quCebis ganaTe- bic gadasaxads saxelmwifo xazinas uxdid-
ba _ 2.200 maneTi (2%); 4. qalaqSi mimdinare nen. saxelmwifo glexebis ZiriTadi nawili
saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis _ 1.500 maneTi xelosnobasa da vaWrobas eweoda. qalaqSi
(1%). amitom iyo, rom Tbilisis sazogadoe- vaWroba imdenad sustad iyo ganviTarebu-
brivi mmarTvelobis SemoRebis Semdeg qali, rom sastumro saxlic ki Zalze dagvi-
laqis keTilmowyobis TvalsazrisiT mniS- anebiT aSenda. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonis
vnelovani Zvra ar momxdara. statistikuri amoqmedebamde, 1840 wels duSeTSi poli-
da sxva masalebis mixedviT, 1828 wlisaTvis ciis komisris, 6 policielis, mwerlisa da
Tbilisi tipuri aziuri qalaqi iyo. Tu 1828 sakancelario xarjebisaTvis 1.115 maneTi
wlis monacamebs 1845 wlisas SevadarebT, es daixarja. 1840 wlamde duSeTSi qalaqis xar-
azri gagvimtkicdeba. CrdiloeTiT, qalaq- jebis dasafaravad 265 maneTi gamoiyofoda.
is kedlis gadaRma, sacxovrebeli saxlebi- 1841 wels es Tanxa gaizarda da 1.284 maneTs
sa da sxva obieqtebis mSenebloba Zalze miaRwia. 1841 wels duSeTSi gadasaxadis gad-
neli tempiT mimdinareobda. aq ZiriTadad amxdeli 213 komli cxovrobda. 1840 wlis 10
mSeneblobebi ruseTis xazinis xarjiT war- aprilis kanonis amoqmedebamde TiToeuli
moebda. kerZod, am ubanSi aSenda kavkasiis komli yovelwliurad 1 maneTsa da 24 kapiks
606
vaxtang guruli
ixdida, xolo kanonis amoqmedebis Semdeg _ 6 aikrZalos ZaldatanebiT gaqiraveba; 3. xe-

maneTsa da 3 kapiks. lisuflebam Tavadebi da aznaurebi aiZulos
3. gori
gori.. 1841 wels goris moqalaqeebis droulad gaanaRdon is veqsilebi, romlebic
mier arCeulma andria zubalaSvilma
zubalaSvilma,, daviT maT vaWrebs saqonlis nisiad waRebis dros
zubalaSvilma da stefane guliSambarov- misces. 1840 wlis 10 aprilis kanonis amo-
ma xelisuflebas moxseneba warudgines, qmedebamde gorSi gadasaxadis gadamxdeli
romelSic saintereso masalaa daculi goris 570 komli cxovrobda da TiToeuli komli
saqalaqo cxovrebis Sesaxeb: 1. 1827 wlamde qalaqis saWiroebisaTvis yovelwliurad 2
policiis Sesanaxad yovelwliurad 450 mane- maneTsa da 26 kapiks ixdida, xolo kanonis
Ti ixarjeboda, xolo 1827 wlidan es Tanxa amoqmedebis Semdeg _ 8 maneTsa da 45 kapiks.
800 maneTamde gaizarda; 2. gorSi mcxovrebi 1843 wlis monacemebiT, samxreT kavka-
saxelmwifo da saeklesio glexebisagan Sem- siis (amierkavkasiis) yvela qalaqSi 35.410
degi gadasaxadebi ikribeboda: maxta _ 350 komli cxovrobda. rac mTeli mosaxleobis
maneTamde, mali _ 81 maneTamde. 219 ojaxi 2%-ze odnav meti iyo. samxreT kavkasiis qa-
ixdida sasursaTo gadasaxads _ 2 kod xor- laqebidan 1843 wels gadasaxadis saxiT sax-
bals da 1 kod qers, rac saerTo jamSi, 657 elmwifo xazinaSi 177.947 maneTi da 44 kapiki
maneTis Rirebulebisa iyo; 3. goris mo- Sevida. 1843 wels saqarTveloSi 7 srulu-
saxleoba saaqcizo gadasaxadis saxiT ix- flebiani qalaqi iTvleboda: Tbilisi
Tbilisi,, axal-
dida 7.563 maneTs; 4. rus Cinovnikebs, ofi- cixe,, gori
cixe gori,, quTaisi
quTaisi,, Telavi
Telavi,, siRnaRi
siRnaRi,, du-
crebsa da jariskacebs 1841 wels gorSi 90 SeTi.. am droisaTvis ozurgeTi mazris cen-
SeTi
saxlSi 190 oTaxi ekavaT, ris sanacvlodac trs warmoadgenda da dabis statusi hqonda,
qiris saxiT 1.000 maneTs ixdidnen; 5. 1840 xolo ananuri
ananuri,, redut
redut-kale
kale,, foTi
foTi,, soxumi
wlis 10 aprilis kanonis amoqmedebis Sem- da axalqalaqi mazris teritoriaze mdebare
deg goris policiis Sesanaxi xarjebi mniS- administraciul centrebs warmoadgendnen.
vnelovnad gaizarda da 4.585 maneTs miaRwia; 1843 wels Tbilisis Semosavali 78.016 ma-
6. goris uZravi qoneba 230.000 maneTad iyo neTsa da 5 kapiks udrida, axalcixisa _ 5.390
Sefasebuli; 7. qalaqis saxanZro dacvisaT- maneTsa da 13 kapiks, goris _ 4.832 maneTsa
vis aucilebeli mowyobilobebis SesaZenad da 90 kapiks, quTaisisa _ 4.802 maneTsa da 5
yovelwliurad ixarjeboda 880 maneTi; 8. kapiks, Telavisa _ 4.144 maneTsa da 63 kapiks,
1841 wels goris moqalaqeebisagan safosto siRnaRisa _ 2.824 maneTsa da 23 kapiks, du-
gadasaxadis saxiT aikrifa 880 maneTi; 9. SeTisa _ 1.282 maneTsa da 4 kapiks, ozurge-
1841 wels policiam moqalaqeebi aiZula ms- Tisa _ 835 maneTsa da 90 kapiks. saqarTvelos
javrdebulTa gadasaxlebisaTvis aucilebe- qalaqebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis 77%
li Tanxa gaeRoT; 10. 1841 wlisaTvis gorSi Tbilisze modioda, xolo 23% _ danarCen 6
mcxovrebi 770 ojaxidan naxevars araTu ga- qalaqze.
dasaxadebis gadaxda aramed Tavis gamokve-
bac ki ar SeeZlo; 11. qarTl-kaxeTis mefee-
bisa da rusuli mmarTvelobis pirvel xaneb-
Si goris moqalaqeebi sargeblobdnen tyiTa §2. qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba XIX sauku-
da saZovrebiT. am teritoriis gegma Sedga nis 40-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan 60-iani wleb-
da damtkicda kavkasiis mTavrsardal aleq- is Sua xanebamde
sei ermolovis dros, Tumca gorelebi 1841 1845 wlidan saqarTvelos qalaqebSi
wlisaTvis verc tyiTa da verc saZovrebiT didi Zvrebi moxda. 1874 wlisaTvis saqa-
ver sargeblobdnen; 12. gorSi isedac sustad rTvelos teritoriaze, aWaris gamoklebiT
ganviTarebul vaWrobas Zalze aferxebda (aWara osmalTa batonobisagan 1878 wels
Tavadebisa da aznaurebis mier nisiad waRe- ganTavisuflda) arsebuli qalaqebi oTx
buli saqonlis raodenobis zrda. moxsenebis kategoriad iyofoda: sagubernio qalaqebi
avtorebi xelisuflebas sTxovdnen: 1. Seum- (Tbilisi, quTaisi), samazro qalaqebi (gori,
cirdes mosaxleobas policiis Sesanaxi ga- siRnaRi, Telavi, axalcixe, duSeTi, ozur-
dasaxadi; 2. Cinovnikebma, oficrebma da ja- geTi), saporto qalaqebi (foTi, redut-kale,
riskacebma moqalaqeebisagan binebi saxlebis soxumi), StatgareSe qalaqi (axalqalaqi). sul
mflobelTa Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi iqiraon, saqarTveloSi yvela kategoriis 12 qalaqi
607
arsebobda, mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi _ 25, anu _ 4, berZeni _ 6, poloneli _ 1. rogorc vxe-
saqarTveloSi iyo mTeli samxreT kavkasiis davT, Tbilisis xelosnebis absoluturi um-
qalaqebis TiTqmis 50%. ravlesoba (80%) somxebi iyvnen, qarTvelebi
1. Tbilisi
Tbilisi.. 1846 wlis statistikuri aR- mxolod 13.3% Seadgendnen.
weris mixedviT, Tbiliss, Tbilisis guber- 1844 wlis monacemebiT Tbilisis mo-
niisa da kavkasiis samefisnacvlos centrs saxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili soflis
182 heqtari (40.000 kvadratuli saJeni) ter- meurneobiT iyo dakavebuli. am wels Tbilise-
itoria ekava. qalaqi sam nawilad iyofoda: lebs qalaqis SemogarenSi xorblis naTesebi
Zveli qalaqi
qalaqi, gareTubani
gareTubani, avlabari
avlabari.. qalaqis 1264 heqtarze hqondaT, xolo moweulma
sazRvrebze sami saguSago iyo: moskovis, mosavalma 12.640 fuTs miaRwia. 1.264 sax-
erevnisa da kaxeTis
kaxeTis.. TbilisSi daaxloebiT elmwifo glexebs 512 (40,6%) ekuTvnodaT,
5.000 Senoba idga, romelTagan 42 eklesiebi, saeklesio glexebs _ 392 heqtari (31,3%), sa-
meCeTebi da sinagogebi iyo, xolo 1.500 _ batono glexebs _ 360 heqtari (28,1%). am Sem-
savaWro daniSnulebis (maT Soris 833 quCeb- TxvevaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom 1844
Si, 637 qarvaslebSi da 40 e.w. bnel rigSi), wels TbilisSi mcxovrebi glexebidan 85%
68 qarxana (maT Soris: Saqris _1, aryis _ 1, saxelmwifo glexi iyo, sabatono glexebi
marilis saxdeli _ 3, tyavis _ 5, danarCeni 9%-s Seadgendnen, xolo saeklesio _ 6%-s.
_ agurisa da keramikisa). qalaqSi sul 60 glexTa yvela kategoria erTad Tbilisis
quCa iyo. 1845 wlis monacemebiT TbilisSi _ mosaxleobis 15%-s warmoadgenda. 1845 wels
29.853 suli cxovrobda, maT Soris: Tavadi TbilisSi mcxovrebi glexebis mier damuSave-
da aznauri _ 1.207, sasuliero piri _ 602, buli farTobi Semcirda _ 1.120 heqtari
sapatio moqalaqe _ 627, sxvadasxva wodebis Seadgina. am wels TbilisSi 21 wisqvili muS-
_ 430, dabali wodebis _ 274, mosamsaxureni aobda, romlebSic Tbiliselebis moweuli
_ 540 da sxv. qalaqis mosaxleobidan 3.740 xorbali ifqveboda.
suls wodebrivi (memkvidreobiTi) Semo- Tbilisis mosaxleoba jer kidev inar-
savali hqonda, xolo 26.113 suli (glexebi) Cunebda msxvilfexa da wvrilfexa Sinaur
TviTon ixdida gadasaxads. 1846 wlis mona- cxovelebs. 1845 wels TbilisSi aRricxuli
cemebiT, TbilisSi cxovrobda 22.025 suli iyo 2.730 cxeni, 728 viri, 3.987 mcxvilfexa
saxelmwifo glexi, anu mTeli mosaxleobis rqosani pirutyvi (xari, Zroxa, kameCi), 6450
85%. maT Soris: qarTveli _ 4.185 (19%), so- cxvari, 26.729 Rori, sul _ 40.630 yvelanai-
mexi _ 16.890 (77 %), kaTolikeebi (maT So- ri Sinauri cxoveli.
ris qarTveli da somexi kaTolikeebi) _ 440 1845 wels uSualod Tbilisis terito-
(2%), Turqebi 440 (2%), berZeni _ 70 (0.3%). riaze aRricxuli iyo 179 venaxi da baRi.
Tbilisis mosaxleobidan 1.650 suli (6%) statistikur masalaSi miTiTebuli ar aris,
sasuliero wodebas ekuTvnoda, maT Soris: ramdeni heqtari ekava baR-venaxs, magram
qarTveli _ 530 (32%), somexi _ 1.120 (68%). dadgenilia, rom am wels TbilisSi 162.777
qalaqSi 2.340 sabatono glexi cxovrobda, maneTis xili da yurZeni gaiyida. es ki imas
maT Soris: qarTveli _ 750 (32.5%), somexi _ niSnavs, rom baR-venaxs didi farTobi ekava
1.570 (67.5%), kaTolike _ 10, Turqi _ 10. gada kargadac uvlidnen.
dasaxadis gadamxdeli mosaxleobis erovnu- XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis Sua xane-
li Semadgenloba aseTi iyo: qarTveli _ 21%, bidan 60-iani wlebis Sua xanebamde Tbili-
yvela aRmsareblobis somexi _ 77%, sxvadasx- sis mosaxleobis raodenobis Sesaxeb zusti
va erovnebisa _ 2%. cnobebi ar mogvepoveba, aRwerebSi xSirad
1845 wels TbilisSi vaWrobisagan miRe- erTmaneTSia aRreuli qalaqis mudmivi da
bulma Semosavalma 5.000.000 maneTs miaRwia. droebiTi macxovreblebi. 1844-1845 wlebis
amave wels TbilisSi 1.926 xelosani iyo aR- aRweris mixedviT, Tbilisis mosaxleoba
ricxuli, maT Soris: qarTveli _ 256, somexi 29.816 suls udrida, xolo 1850-51 wlebSi
_ 1.448, kaTolike (qarTveli da somexi) _ _ 27.816 suls, rac imas niSnavs, rom qalaqis
71, Turqi _ 58, germaneli _ 35, sparseli mosaxleoba Semcirebula. staristikuri ma-
_ 14, ebraeli _ 12, TurqeTis qveSevrdomi salebi gvauwyebs: 1850-1851 wlebis aRweris
(TurqeTis qveSevrdomSi romeli erovneba mixedviT, Tbilisis mosaxleoba 50.000-51.000
igulisxmeba, ucnobia) _ 12, rusi _ 9, frangi suls udrida. es cifri zafxulobiT matu-
608
vaxtang guruli
lobda, zamTrobiT klebulobda. qalaqis beli farTobis aTviseba, gaiyvanes parale-

mosaxleoba zamTrobiT imitom mcirdeboda, luri grZeli quCebi. 1845 wels TbilisSi
rom imereTidan, samegrelodan, guriidan, Seiqmna samSeneblo komisia
komisia,, romelic akon-
raWidan, aseve, erevnis guberniidan droe- trolebda qalaqis ganaSenianebas. Tbilisis
biT samuSaoze Camosulebi ukan, soflebSi, ganaSenianebis mizniT pirveli RonisZiebebi
brundebodnen. gazafxulidan Tbilisis mo- jer kidev kavkasiis mTavarsardalma ivan
Tbilisi. 1852 wels. v. timas naxati
saxleoba kvlav matulobda droebiT samuS- paskeviCma gaatara, xolo seriozuli nabije-
aoze CamosulTa xarjze. 1850-1851 wlebis bi am mxriv mefisnacval mixail voroncovis
aRweris mixedviT, TbilisSi iyo 9.172 rusi dros gadaidga. Tbilisi ara marto kavkasiis
oficeri da jariskaci da 19.000 saSovarze samefisnacvlos administraciul centrs
Camosuli muSa, ZiriTadad Savi muSebi. warmoadgenda, aramed _ kulturulsa da in-
XIX saukunis Sua xanebidan TbilisSi teleqtualursac. TbilisSi daarsda Teat-
swrafi tempiT daiwyo mSenebloba, ZiriTa- ri, sajaro biblioTeka, qarTul, rusul da
dad _ sololakSi
sololakSi,, sadac ZviradRirebuli somxur enaze gamodioda gazeTebi.
sacxovrebeli saxlebi Sendeboda. saxlebis Tbilisi iqca ruseTis imperiis erT-erT
mSeneblobasTan erTad daigegma axali quCe- msxvil qalaqad. 1844-1845 wlebis masalebis
bic. male sololaki iqca tipuri evropuli mixedviT, TbilisSi orive sqesis 29.853 suli
qalaqis ubnad. igi bevrad gansxvavdeboda mudmivi mcxovrebi iyo aRricxuli. privile-
Zveli Tbilisis ubnebisagan. mtkvarze ageb- girebuli wodebis (Tavadebi, aznaurebi, sam-
ulma mixailis saxelobis xidma qalaqis ori Rvdeloeba, sapatio moqalaqeebi, sxvadasxva
nawili erTmaneTTan daakavSira. swrafad donis moxeleebi) saerTo raodenoba 2.966
daiwyo muStaidsa da kukias Soris dausaxle- suls (10 %) Seadgenda. mosaxleobis danar-
609
Ceni 90% glexebi, wvrili vaWrebi, xelosne- li da rusi iyo, 2939 _ somexi, 193 _ ger-
bi iyvnen. Tbilisis mosaxleobis erovnuli maneli kolonisti, 133 _ muslimi(osmalo,
Semadgenloba aseT suraTs iZleoda: qa- sparsi da sxv.), 29 _ebraeli, 66 _ rusi se-
rTvelebi _ 21%, somxebi _ 77%, sxvadasxva qtanti (raskolniki).
erovnebis warmomadgeneli _ 2%. daaxloebiT 1844-1845 wlebTan SedarebiT 1854 wels
10 wlis Semdeg, 1854 wels, Tbilisis statis- TbilisSi rusi moxeleebis raodenoba 10%-
tikuri aRweris masalebis mixedviT, Tbili- iT gaizarda, gaugebaria, ratom Semcirda
sis mosaxleobis socialuri, profesiuli da rusi samRvdeloebis raodenoba. 1844 wels
erovnuli Semadgenloba aseTi iyo: qarTveli TbilisSi 602 rusi RvTismsaxuri iyo, 1854
Tavadi _ 429 suli (156 mamakaci, 273 qali); wels _ 285.
qarTveli aznauri _ 749 (362 mamakaci da 387 1854 wlidan aTi wlis Semdeg, 1864-1865
qali), rusi moxele _ 481 ( 303 mamakaci, 178 wlebSi, Tbilisis mosaxleobis socialur
_qali), muslimi beebi da sxva socialuri da profesiul Semadgenlobas warmovad-
fenis warmomadgenlebi _ 72 (24 mamakaci, 48 genT weliwadis ori drois, zamTrisa da
qali), yvela aRmsareblobis sasuliero piri zafxulis, mixedviT. zamTarSi TbilisSi
_ 285 (118 mamakaci, 167 qali), sapatio mo- cxovrobda: Tavadi da aznauri _ 4598 suli
qalaqe _33 (16 mamakaci, 17 qali), moqalaqe (zafxulSi _4.595), yvela aRmsareblobis sa-
_ 3004 (1243 mamakaci, 1761 qali). am privi- suliero piri _ 753(zafxulSi _790), samx-
legirebuli Svidi wodebis warmomadgenlebi edro mosamsaxure _ 3304(zafxulSi _2.953),
erTad Seadgendnen 5.053 suls (2222 mamakaci samoqalaqo moxele _ 2562(zafxulSi _2.374),
da 2831 qali). araprivilegirebuli wodebe- gadamdgari samxedroebi da samoqalaqo mox-
bidan saxelmwifo glexebi Seadgendnen 21.324 eleebi _ 1318(zafxulSi _1.426), sxvadasxva
suls (10.304 mamakaci, 11.020 qali), saekle- wodebis adamiani _1856(zafxulSi _818), sa-
sio glexebi _ 3.124 (1573 mamakaci, 1551 qali), patio moqalaqeebi _ 510(zafxulSi _561),
sabatono glexebi _ 3.728 (1793 mamakaci, 1935 moqalaqeebi _13.609(zafxulSi _11.878), sax-
qali), ruseTidan Camosaxlebuli malakne- elmwifo glexebi _ 24.552(zafxulSi _27,040),
bi _402 (227 mamakaci, 175 qali), germaneli saeklesio glexebi _ 1020(zafxulSi _1.370),
kolonistebi _464 (232 mamakaci, 232 qali), yofili sabatono glexebi _ 2.115(zafxulSi
TadarigSi gasuli jariskacebi _ 394 (yvela _2976), TadarigSi gasuli rusi jariskacebi
mamakaci), ebraelebi _ 133( 77 mamakaci, 56 _ 1648(zafxulSi _1702), ruseTidan special-
qali), osmaleTidan Camosulebi _ 613 (483 ma- uri nebarTviT Camosulebi _ 1091(zafxul-
makaci, 130 qali), iranidan Camosulebi _ 974 Si _1124), ucxo qveynebis qveSevrdomebi _
(953 mamakaci, 21 qali), sxvadasxva qveynidan 1463(zafxulSi _10.445), sul _ 60.085 (zaf-
Camosulebi _ 1587 (monacemebi sqesis mixed- xulSi _71.051)suli.
viT ar arsebobs). araprivilegirebuli 10 Zalze sainteresoa 1864-1865 wlebis
jgufis warmomadgenelTa saerTo raodenoba statistika Tbilisis mosaxleobis erovnu-
32.743 suls Seadgenda, maT Soris 16.036 mali Semadgenlobis mixedviT: qarTveli _ zam-
makaci, 15.120 qali. sul 1854 wels TbilisSi TarSi 14.878, zafxulSi _14.787 suli; somexi
cxovrobda 37.796 suli, maT Soris 18.258 ma- _ zamTarSi 28.648, zafxulSi _31.914; rusi
makaci, 17951 qali, 1587 mcxovrebis sqeso- _zamTarSi 12.332, zamTarSi 12.142; Turqi _
brivi kuTvnileba ar dadgenila. 1854 wels zamTarSi 954, zafxulSi 1.553; sparsi _ za-
Tbilisis mosaxleobidan miwaTmoqmedebas mTarSi 529, zafxulSi 7.153; poloneli _
misdevda 1076 suli (11,6%), vaWrobas _ 3.330, zamTarSi 949, zafxulSi 887; germaneli _
(36%), xelosnobas _ 4846 (52,4%). samive so- zamTarSi 1.119, zafxulSi 1213; ebraeli _
cialuri fenis saerTo raodenoba Seadgenda zamTarSi 427, zafxulSi 658; frangi _ zam-
9.252 suls. miwaTmoqmedebiT dakavebuli TarSi 172, zafxulSi 170; berZeni _ zamTar-
1076 sulidan 144 qarTveli da Zalze mcire Si 119, zafxulSi 431; italieli _ zamTarSi
raodenobiT rusi iyo, 928 _somexi. vaWrobiT 119, zafxulSi 142; ingliseli _ zamTarSi
dakavebuli 3.330 sulidan 928 iyo qarTveli 24, zafxulSi 24; espanelebi, Sveicarielebi
da rusi, 2.283 _ somexi, 26 _ germaneli kol- da serbebi _ zamTarSi 5, zafxulSi 7; sul
onisti, 80 _ muslimi(osmalo, sparsi da sxv.), _ zamTarSi 60.485, zafxulSi 71.051 suli.
13 _ ebraeli. 4.846 xelosnidan 1486 qarTve- rogorc vxedavT, Tbilisis mosaxleobis um-
610
vaxtang guruli
ravlesobas somxebi Seadgendnen, Tumca maTi biujetis Sevsebis wyaros warmoadgenda:

procentuli raodenoba 1855 wels 66,6% iyo, gadasaxadi sakuTrebaze (20.000 maneTi), ga-
xolo 1864-1865 wlebis monacemebis mixedviT dasaxadebi (50.000 maneTi), sxvadasxva Semo-
_ 47,5%, e.i. mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. meore savali (26.000 maneTi), aramudmivi, SemTx-
adgilze qarTvelebi modiodnen, romelTa veviTi Semosavali (10.000 maneTi). biujeti-
raodenoba mniSvnelovnad izardeboda. dan 10.000 maneTi qalaqis keTilmowyobas
1864 wlis monacemebiT, TbilisSi di- moxmarda, 96.000 maneTi _ jaris saWiroe-
dad ar iyo ganviTarebuli mrewveloba, qa- bisaTvis sacxovrebeli farTis daqirave-
laqSi am wels aRiricxa: liTonis sawnexi bas, policiis saxanZro dacvis, sapyrobilis
fabrika (12.000 maneTis wliuri produq- Senaxvasa da sxva saWiroebas moxmarda.1861
ciiT), liTonis Camomsxmeli qarxana (40.000 wels Tbilisis biujetma 292.706 maneTi Sead-
maneTis wliuri produqciiT), sadurglo- gina. es imas niSnavs, rom 1851 welTan Sedar-
saxelosno orTqlis ZraviT (15.000 maneTis ebiT 276%-iT gaizarda. 1862 wels qalaqis
wliuri produqciiT), vercxlis WurWlis keTilmowyobaze 150.000 maneTi daixarja.
damamzadebeli qarxana (4.500 maneTis wli- 1864 wels Tbilisis biujeti 306.873 maneTiT
uri produqciiT), qaRaldis fabrika (24.500 ganisazRvra. biujetma ar ikmara, gasavalma
maneTis wliuri produqciiT), meqanizebuli (638.502 maneTi) orjer gadaaWarba Semo-
pursacxobi (3.000 maneTis wliuri produq- savals. specialurma komisiam daadgina, rom
ciiT), ludsaxdeli _ 4 (3.000 maneTis wli- biujetis deficiti TbilisSi ganlagebuli
uri produqciiT), sanTlis qarxana _ 2 (2.000 jaris saWiroebebis (binis qiris) dafarviT
maneTis wliuri produqciiT), xis saxerxi iyo gamowveuli. gadawyda, rom jarisaTvis
qarxana _ 19 (27.000 maneTis wliuri produq- Tanxa amieridan ara Tbilisis biujetidan,
ciiT), sazeinklo-meqanikuri qarxana (11.000 aramed kavkasiis samefisnacvlos saerTo
maneTis wliuri produqciiT), tyavis qarxana Semosavlebidan gamoyofiliyo. amitom iyo,
_10 (68.000 maneTis wliuro produqciiT), rom 1865 wlis biujetSi jaris saWiroebebi-
marilis saxarSi _ 8 (17.000 maneTis wliuri saTvis gansazRvruli Tanxa _ 82.148 maneTi
produqciiT), Tixis WurWlis damamzadebeli _ 20.000 maneTamde Semcirda. amasTan erTad,
saxelosno _ 5 (2.000 maneTis wliuri pri- imave komisiis rekomendaciiT, 25%-iT gaiz-
oduqciiT), agurxana _ 60(228.000 maneTis arda gadasaxadi, romelsac TbilisSi alko-
wliuri produqciiT), kramitis qarxana _11 holuri sasmelebiT movaWreni ixdidnen,
(11.000 maneTis wliuri produqciiT), kiris gadasaxadi gauzardes sxvadasxva profilis
qarxana (1.000 maneTis wliuri produqciiT), savaWro saxlebsac. axali gadasaxadis dawe-
Tambaqos fabrika _ 7 (21.000 maneTis wliuri sebis Sesaxeb kavkasiis mefisnacvlis brZane-
produqciiT), etlis damamzadebeli saxelos- ba gazeT `kavkazis~ 1865 wels 12-19 ivnisis
no _ 4 (17.000 maneTis wliuri produqciiT). nomerSi daibeWda. 26 ivniss TbilisSi sapro-
sul TbilisSi aRricxuli iyo 138 fabrika- testo moZraoba daiwyo, romlis gagrZele-
qarxana da saxelosno 507.000 maneTis odeno- basac Tbiliseli amqrebis ajanyeba warmoad-
bis wliuri produqciiT. genda.
TbilisSi swrafad viTardeboda vaWro- Tbiliseli vaWrebis saprotesto moZ-
ba. 1861 wels 120 Tbiliseli vaWari flob- raobam da amqrebis ajanyebam xelisufleba
da 1.988.000 maneTis kapitals, or maTgans daafiqra, kavkasiis mefisnacvalma, mixail
gaaCnda 200.000 maneTisa, kidev ors _ 120.000 romanovma komisia Seqmna, romelsac Tbili-
maneTisa, erTs _ 100.000 maneTisa, kidev sis sazogadoebrivi mmarTvelobis reformis
erTs _ 70.000 maneTisa, ors _ 60.000 mane- proeqti unda SeemuSavebina. 1866 wlis 11
Tisa, oTxs _ 30.000 maneTisa, ors _ 25.000 agvistos kavkasiis mefisnacvalma Tbilisis
maneTisa, eqvsi _ 20.000 maneTisa, ocdaaTs saqalaqo mmarTvelobis debuleba daamt-
_ 10.000-20.000 maneTisa, ocdaSvids _ 5.000- kica. axali debuleba 1840 wlis debulebas-
10.000 maneTisa, ormocdasams _1000-5.000 ma- Tan SedarebiT ufro progresuli iyo. 1840
neTisa. wlis debulebiT, Tbilisis qalaqis Tavs da
Tbilisis swraf ganviTarebaze metyve- sazogadoebrivi mmarTvelobis 6 xmosans mx-
lebs qalaqis biujetis zrda. 1851 wels olod Tbilisis mosaxleobis gadasaxadebis
Tbilisis biujetma 106.085 maneTi Seadgina. gadamxdeli nawili irCevda, kerZod, vaWrebi,
611
xelosnebi da saxlebis mflobelebi. Tbili- gis amomrCevlebs, isini erT socialur fe-
sis mosaxleobis danarCeni nawili, qarTveli nas ar ganekuTvnebodnen. yoveli Tanrigis
Tavadebi da aznaurebi, sxvadasxva wodebis amomrCeveli irCevda 100 warmomadgenels,
adamiani, xelosnebi, romlebic amqrebSi ar romlebic Tbilisis saqalaqo sakrebuloSi
iyvnen gaerTianebulni, arCevnebSi ar monaw- TavianTi rigebidan irCevdnen 25 xmosans da
ileobdnen. 1866 wlis 11 agvistos debule- 8 xmosnobis kandidats. amdenad, Tbilisis
biT, arCevnebSi Tbilsis mTeli mosaxleoba saqalaqo sakrebuloSi sul 100 xmosani da 32
monawileobda. xmis uflebis mqoneni oTx xmosnobis kandidati unda yofiliyo arCeu-
Tanrigad dayves. pirvel Tanrigs miakuTvnes li. Tbilisis qalaqis Tavis arCeva saqalaqo
Tbilisis quCa. XIX saukunis meore naxevari
Tavadebi da aznaurebi, romelTac wodeba sakrebulos ar SeeZlo, qalaqis Tavi unda

memkvidreobiT hqondaT; qalaqis terito- aerCia oTxive Tanrigis amomrCevlebis saer-
riaze uZravi qonebis mflobelni, vaWrebi, Ti krebas, anu im amomrCevlebs, romelTac
mrewvelni. meore TanrigSi gaaerTianes: Ta- 100 xmosani da 32 xmosnobis kandidati air-
vadebi da aznaurebi, romelTac es wodeba Cies. Tbilisis saqalaqo sakrebulos mudmiv-
raime damsaxurebiT hqondaT miniWebuli; sa- moqmedi organo iyo aRmasrulebeli mmarTv-
patio moqalaqeni. mesame Tanrigi aerTianeb- eloba. komitetSi Sedioda Tbilisis qalaqis
da Tbilisis moqalaqeebs, romelnic qalaqSi Tavi da or-ori wevri oTxive Tanrigis amom-
uZrav qonebas flobdnen. amave Tanrigs mie- rCevelTagan arCeuli 25 xmosnisgan. aRmas-
kuTvnebodnen isinic, vinc TbilisSi bolo rulebeli mmarTvelobis 9 wevrs emateboda
xanebSi dasaxlda da uZravi qoneba SeiZina. kavkasiis mefisnacvlis mier daniSnuli me-
meoTxe Tanrigis amomrCevelad iTvleboda aTe wevri, romlis movaleobas Seadgenda
yvela Tbiliseli, romelic flobda raime aRmasrulebeli mmarTvelobis saqmianobis
saxis uZrav qonebas da ixdida gadasaxads. kontroli. amrigad, Tbilisis sazogadoe-
pirveli, meore da mesame Tanrigis amom- brivi mmarTveloba samsafexuriani iyo: qa-
rCevlebi socialuri niSnis mixedviT iyvnen laqisTavi, saqalaqo sakrebulo, aRmasrule-
dajgufebulni, rac Seexeba meoTxe Tanri- beli mmarTveloba. amasTan erTad, saqalaqo
612
vaxtang guruli
sakrebuloSi arsebobda sxvadasxva samsax- wyo mtkvarze xidis mSenebloba, romelsac

uri. Tavidan amerikuli, xolo cota mogvianebiT
1866 wlis 11 agvistos debulebis safuZ- mnacakanovis xidi ewoda. erTi wlis Sem-
velze moqmedma Tbilisis saqalaqo mmarTv- deg, 1851-1852 wlebSi, mixail voroncovis
elobam 1874 wlamde iarseba. moedanTan aSenda qvis meore xidi.
XIX saukunis damdegisaTvis Tbilisi miuxedavad XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis
Cveulebrivi aziuri qalaqi iyo. viTareba Suaxanebidan 60-iani wlebis Suaxanebamde
arc momdevno ocwleulSi Secvlila. saf- mimdinare mSeneblobebisa, Tbilisi evropul
rangeTis konsuli TbilisSi Jak fransua qalaqad mainc ver iqca. keTilmowyobis mxriv
gamba wers: `rodesac me vnaxe Zveli qalaqi igi araTu kievs, odesas, xarkovs Camouvar-
(Tbilisi _ v. g.). 1820 wels yvela quCa gavse- deboda, aramed ruseTis bevr sagubernio
buli iyo nagvis zvinebiT... am zvinebze unda qalaqsac CamorCeboda. gansakuTrebiT mZime
gaevlo adamians, rom mieRwia karebamde mdgomareoba iyo quCebisa da moednebis
(sacxovrebeli saxlis karebamde _ v. g.)... mokirwyvlisa da ganaTebis mxriv. XIX sau-
da iqidan ki Sesuliyo saxlSi miwis qveS... am kunis 60-iani wlebis damdegamde TbilisSi
saxlebis bani TiTqmis quCas uswordeboda. mokirwyluli quCebisa da moednebis saerTo
quCebi kidev viwro da uswormasworo iyo~. farTobi mxolod 6.824 kvadratul saJens
TbilisisaTvis evropuli qalaqis iersaxis udrida, xolo 1862 wels _ 20.424 kvadratul
micemis mizniT Zireuli RonisZiebebi ka- saJens. qalaqis quCebi da moednebi ubralo
vkasiis mefisnacvlebis mixail voroncovi- navTis fanrebiT naTdeboda. fanrebis zusti
sa (1844-1854) da aleqsandr bariatinskis raodenoba dadgenili ar aris, Tumca sx-
(1856-1862) mmarTvelobis periodidan dai- vadasxva monacemis Sejerebis safuZvelze
wyo, mniSvnelovani gardatexa ki 1860-1865 SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom TbilisSi daax-
wlebSi moxda. pirvel rigSi, yuradReba mi- loebiT 115-140 fanari iyo. mTeli qalaqis
eqca yofil gareTubans
gareTubans, romelic am drois- ganaTeba weliwadSi 2.870 maneTi jdeboda.
aTvis ukve qalaqis centralur nawils war- kavkasiis mefisnacvlad mixail roma-
moadgenda da sololaks
sololaks,, romelic msxvili novis (1862-1882) daniSvnis Semdeg Tbili-
burJuaziis mTavar sacxovrebel ubnad ga- sis keTilmowyobis samuSaoebi daCqarda.
daiqca. gareTubansa da sololakSi Send- XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebis SuaxanebisaTvis
eboda evropuli tipis or da samsarTuliani (1864-1867 ww.) Tbilisis quCebis da moednebis
saxlebi, farTo da swori quCebi, bulvarebi raodneobis Sesaxeb sami gansxvavebuli cno-
(golovinis prospeqtis orive mxares), baRe- baa Semonaxuli. pirveli cnobis mixedviT,
bi (mefisnacvlis sasaxlis baRis, aleqsan- romelic 1864 wels ganekuTvneba, TbilisSi
dres baRi da botanikuri baRi), Sadrevnebi 212 quCa da 10 moedani yofila, quCebidan
da auzebi (golovnis prospeqtze, erevans- mokirwyluli yofila 56, moednebidan _ 5.
kis moedanze, mefisnacvlis sasaxlis baR- mokirwyluli quCebisa da moednebis saerTo
Si), qarvaslebi, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebi farTobi 42.000 kvadratul saJens udrida,
(mTavari Stabis Senoba, policiis Senoba) xolo moukirwylavi 156 quCisa da 5 moed-
da sxv. gareTubnisa da sololakis garda, nisa _ 33.000 kvadratul saJens. meore cno-
swrafad Sendeboda saSualo SeZlebis bur- bis mixedviT, romelic 1865-1866 wels gane-
Juaziis ubani _ mdinare mtkvris marcxena kuTvneba, TbilisSi 134 quCa, 61 Sesaxvevi,
sanapiroze.. muStaididan avlabramde Tavi-
sanapiroze 17 moedani, 2 placi da 2 bulvari yofila.
sufal teritoriaze an baRebiT dakavebul mokirwyluli quCebisa da moednebis saerTo
miwebze daiwyo sacxovrebeli kvartlebis farTobi 42.249 kvadratul saJens, xolo
mSenebloba, gahyavdaT axali quCebi. swored moukirwylavisa 6.242 kvadratul saJens
am dros daiwyo avlabridan muStaidis mimar- Seadgenda, anu mokirwyluli da moukir-
TulebiT prospeqtis mSenebloba, romelsac wylavi quCebisa da moednebis saerTo far-
mefisnacval mixail voroncovis saxeli Tobi 48.491 kvadratul saJens udrida. mesa-
ewoda. prospeqtis orive mxare mwvane nar- me cnobis mixedviT, romelic 1867 wels gane-
gavebiT daifara. prospeqtis bolos moewyo kuTvneba, TbilisSi 108 quCa, 22 Sesaxvevi, 2
moedani, romelsac aseve mixail voroncovis prospeqti, 14 moedani da 2 aRmarTi yofila.
saxeli uwodes. 1851 wels orTaWalaSi dai- mkvlevarebma daadgines, rom sinamdviles-
613
Tan yvelaze axlos meore cnobaSi daculi gogirdis abanoebi moqmedebda. viTareba ar
statistikuri masalaa. Secvlila momdevno aTwleulebis ganmav-
mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda quCebisa da lobaSi. XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi TbilisSi
moednebis ganaTeba. 1864 wlis monacemebiT ukve 37 abano muSaobda, romelTagan 8 go-
TbilisSi sul 302 gazis fanari idga, rom- girdisa iyo, xolo 29 _ rusuli. gogir-
lis Senaxva qalaqis biujets 7.500 maneTi dis abanoebidan moqmedebda eqvsi: erekles,
ujdeboda. 1879 wels TbilisSi ukve 1350 ga- meiTaris, bebuTovis, Tamar batoniSvilis,
zis fanari idga. grili, seidabadisa.
XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi mtkvarze arasaxarbielo mdgomareoba iyo sanita-
oTxi xidi iyo: mnacakanovis (orTaWalis ax- ruli mdgomareobisa da janmrTelobis dac-
los), mixail voroncovis saxelobis (mixail vis TvalsazrisiT. Tbilisi sikvdilianobis
voroncovis saxelobis moedanTan, madaTo- mixedviT ruseTi imperiis qalaqebSi pirvel
vis kunZulTan), metexis (metexTan), avlabris aTeulSi Sedioda. dasavleT evropis qa-
(metexTan). oTxi xididan mxolod mixail vo- laqebSi yovel 1.000 adamianze sikvdilianoba
roncovis saxelobis xidi iyo qvisa, danar- 28,4 suls udrida, ruseTis qalaqebSi _ 36,1
Ceni ki xisgan iyo nagebi. garda xsenebuli suls. 1869 wels TbilisSi samxedro hospit-
oTxi xidisa, TbilisSi patara mdinareebsa lis, qalaqis saavadmyofosa da cixis saavad-
da xramebze kidev ramdenime xidi iyo: veris
veris,, myofoSi gardacvlilTa garda sikvdilis
dabaxanis,, orTaWalis
dabaxanis orTaWalis,, krwanisis da navTli- 1918 SemTxveva aRiricxa, xolo 1870 wels _
uRis xidebi. 2594. didi iyo sikvdilianobis saSualo wli-
XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebis Sua xanebi- uri maCvenebeli _ 2.256 SemTxveva.
saTvis TbilisSi arc wyalsadeni da arc 2. quTaisi. 1847 wels quTaiss sagu-
kanalizacia ar arsebobda. mosaxleoba sa- bernio qalaqis statusi mieniWa. quTaisis
smelad mtkvris, xolo nawilobriv wyaroe- saaqalaqo mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb met-nak-
bis wyals iyenebda. mtkvrisa da veres wyals lebad dawvrilebiTi cnobebi 1851 wlidan
mosaxleoba baRebis mosarwyavad xmarobda. mogvepoveba. 1851-1853 wlebis monacemebiT,
dasalevi wyali mtkvridan kokebiT, doqebiT, quTaisSi 3.432 suli cxovrobda, imavdrou-
rumbebiTa da kasrebiT amohqondaT. imave pe- lad qalaqSi 948 rusi samxedro mosamsaxure
riodSi TbilisSi 9 Sadrevani da auzi iyo: binadrobda. 3.432 mcxovrebi Semdeg social-
1. mefisnacvlis sasaxlis baRis Sadrevani, ur fenas ganekuTvneboda: Tavadi, aznauri,
romelic sololakis wyaros wyliT marag- moxele _ 390 (11,4%); sasuliero wodeba _
deboda; 2. aleqsandres baRis Sadrevani da 49 (1,4%); sxvadasxva wodeba _ 26 (0,8%); mo-
auzi, romelic mtkvris wyliT maragdeboda; qalaqe _ 946 (27,6%), saeklesio glexi _ 320,
3. erevanskis moednis Sadrevani da auzi, sabatono glexi _230; saxelmwifo glexi
romelic sololakis wyaros wyliT marag- _1135; batonis karze mosamsaxure _120 (yve-
deboda; 4. golovinis prospeqtze, samxedro la kategoriis glexTa saerTo raodenoba
yazarmis axlos mdebare Sadrevani, romelic Seadgenda 2.005, anu qalaqis mosaxleobis
mTawmidis wyaros wyliT maragdeboda; 5. 58,4%). garda amisa, quTaisSi cxovrobda 11
Sadrevani institutis quCaze; 6. ori auzi samxedro samsaxurmoxdili rusi jariskaci
TaTris moedanze, romlebic wyaros wyliT da ucxo qveynis 15 moqalaqe (0,4%). aRmsare-
maragdeboda; 7. avlabris auzi; 8. navTluRis blobis mixedviT qalaqis mosaxleoba aseT
auzi, romelic mtkvris wyliT maragdeboda. suraTs qmnida: marTlmadidebeli _1374,
wvimebis dros mtkvarSi uxvad Caedine- ebraeli _1.103, kaTolike 504, somxur-grig-
boda wyali, romelic mdinareSi mixvedramde orianuli aRmsareblobisa _ 352, muslimi _
azianebda qalaqis quCebsa da moednebs. 60, luTerani _14.
niaRvrebisagan qalaqis teritoriis dacvis 1851-1853 wlebisaTvis quTaisSi Semdegi
mizniT 1866 wlis monacemebiT TbilisSi ukve profesiebis adamianebi cxovrobdnen: vaW-
9 miwisqveSa mili moqmedebda: sololakisa, rebi _197, xelosnebi _93 (puris mcxobeli
dabaxanisa, mTawmidisa, agurxanisa, avla- _18, konditeri _2, mkeravi _16, xarazi _22,
brisa, Savisoflisa, xarfuxisa, krwanisisa da mRebavi _1, parikmaxeri _7, durgali _3,
navTluRisa. oqromWedeli _7, mesaaTe _7).mosaxleobis
XIX saukunis damdegs TbilisSi mxolod danarCeni nawili soflis meurneobas mis-
614
vaxtang guruli
devda. quTaisis vaWrobaSi mniSvnelovani saqmianobas. 1851 wels 197 vaWars qalaqSi 262
adgili ekava siminds. quTaisel vaWrebs si- daxli hqonda. gasayidi saqonlis maragi arc-
mindi gahqondaT osmaleTSi. 1864 wels sim- Tu ise didi iyo, yvela vaWari sul 100.000
indis sasinji partia irlandiaSic gaitanes, maneTis saqonels flobda. quTaisSi vaWroba
simindi redut-kales navsadguridan gahqon- gansakuTrebulad swrafi tempiT 1831-1834
daT. uSualod quTaisel glexebs yovelwli- wlebSi ganviTarda. 1822 wlis kanonis moq-
urad daaxloebiT 24.000 vedro Rvinos amza- medebis periodSi quTaiselma vaWrebma didi
debdnen, xolo qalaqis Semogarenisa _ 36.000 raodenobis saqoneli Semoitanes romelsac
vedros. Rvino quTaisidan ar gahqondaT, da Semdeg wlebis ganmavlobaSi 50%-iT Zvi-
rac imas niSnavs, rom Rvinos mTlianad adgi- rad yiddnen. ucxoeTidan Semotanil saqon-
Tbilisis xedi. XIX saukunis meore naxevari
lobrivi mosaxleoba moixmarda. quTaisidan elze SeRavaTiani tarifis gauqmebis Semdeg

yovelwliurad 150 fuTi abreSumis nedleu- quTaisel vaWrebs saqoneli ruseTidan, ni-
li gahqondaT. abreSumi quTaissa da maxlo- Jni novgorodis bazrobidan, SemohqondaT.
bel soflebSi, ZiriTadad xonSi
xonSi,, mohyavdaT. XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi quTaisidan ni-
abreSumis nedleulis ZiriTadi Semsyidveli Jni novgorodis bazrobaze yovelwliurad 3
iyvnen quTaiseli ebraelebi da axalcixesa vaWari Cadioda da 60.000-mde maneTis saqone-
da trapizonidan Camosuli vaWrebi. li Camohqonda. Semotanili saqonelSi sWar-
1851 wels quTaisSi ruseTidan Cavida bobda maudisa da abreSumis nawarmi, faifu-
da iq dasaxlda mesame gildiis vaWari T. bo- ris WurWeli, rusuli zandukebi da sxva.
bilevi, romelsac ruseTSi Tambaqos gatana wlebis ganmavlobaSi ruseTidan Semotanili
surda. radgan quTaisSi vaWrebi gildiebad saqonlis raodenoba ar izrdeboda. es gan-
ar iyofodnen, qalaqSi mcxrovrebi yvela pirobebuli iyo Semdegi mizezebiT: 1. imer-
vaWari damoukideblad warmarTavda Tavis eTSi axali savaWro centrebis (bazrobebis)
615
aRmoceneba xonSi, saCxeresa da onSi (xonis cxenebiT gadaadgildeboda, gubernatoris

bazrobis wliuri saqonelbrunva 100.000 ma- etlis garda, qalaqSi sul 4-5 etli moZ-
neTamde aRwevda); 2. quTaisis bazrobas did raobda. 1851 wels quTaisSi sul 481 saxli
konkurencias uwevda Tbilisis bazroba, idga, maT Soris 15 qvisgan nagebi, danarCeni
gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac Tbilisamde _ xisa. saxlebis didi nawili erT an orsar-
misasvleli gzebi mowesrigda; 3. Savi zRvis Tuliani iyo.
sanapirodan samegrelos gavliT kontraban- momdevno xanebSi quTaisi kvlav nela vi-
duli saqonlis Tbilisis, leCxumis, raWisa Tardeboda. 1866 wlis monacemebiT, qalaqSi
da CrdiloeT oseTis bazrobebze Setana 4.552 suli cxovrobda, 1851-1853 wlebTan
(kontrabanuli saqonlis saSualo wliuri SedarebiT mosaxleoba 33%-iT gaizarda.
brunva 100.000 maneTs udrida). bazarze ofi- 1878 wels quTaisis mosaxleobam 8.017 suls
cialuri gziT Setanil da kontrabandul miaRwia. Tbilisi-foTis sarkinigzo magis-
saqonels Soris didi gansxvaveba iyo. mag- tralis dasrulebis Semdeg daiwyo rioni-
aliTad, quTaisis bazrobaze 1 arSini bambis quTaisis monakveTis mSenebloba, romelsac
qsovili 25 kapiki Rirda, xolo samegreloSi qalaqi mTavar sarkinigzo magistralTan
kontrabanduli gziT Setanili _ 10 kapiki. unda daekavSirebina. rioni-quTaisis sarki-
quTaisSi vaWrobis ganviTarebas afer- nigzo xazi 1877 wlis 20 aprils gaixsna. 1866
xebda is, rom qalaqs Tavisi mrewveloba ar wlis monacemebiT, quTaisSi fabrika- qarxnis
hqonda. 1852 wels qalaqis biujetis Ses- tipis 19 sawarmo arsebobda, romlebSic sul
ruleba ver moxerxda: Semosavali udrida 119 muSa iyo dasaqmebuli da yovelwliurad
8.888 maneTs, gasavali _ 11.911. deficitma saSualod 25.360 man. saqonels amzadebdnen.
3.023 maneTi Seadgina. saerTod, unda aRiniS- quTaisSi ar arsebobda saqalaqo mmarT-
nos, rom quTaisis biujeti mudmivad defi- velobis Canasaxic ki. qalaqs ganagebda poli-
cituri iyo 1847 wlidan, anu im droidan, cia policmaisteriT saTaveSi. 1859 wels ka-
rodesac quTaisma sagubernio qalaqis sta- vkasiis mefisnacvalma aleqsandr bariatin-
tusi miiRo. deficiti ifareboda kavkasiis skim quTaisis general-gubernators hkiTxa,
mefisnacvlis gankargulebis safuZvelze. saWirod Tvlida Tu ara quTaisSi saqalaqo
magaliTad, biujetis deficitis dasafarad mmarTvelobis Seqmnas. general-guberna-
erTxel quTaisma saxelmwifo rezervebi- torma mefisnacvals acnoba, rom quTaisis
dan 4.879 maneTi miiRo, xolo meore wels _ sazogadoeba aqamdec iTxovda Tbilisis
redut kales navsadguris Semosavlebidan mzgavsi mmarTvelobis SemoRebas. miuxedavad
_ 1.000 maneTi. 1862 wels quTaisis biujeti amisa, xelisufleba ar Cqarobda. saqalaqo
18.024 maneTiT ganisazRvra, xolo 1872 wels mmarTveloba quTaisSi mxolod 1875 wels
_ 52.776 maneTiT. SemoiRes.
1852 wels quTaisSi daarsda keTilSo- 3. Telavi, siRnaRi, gori
gori.. Tbilissa da
bilTa sakrebulo
sakrebulo,, romlis wevri Tavidanve quTaisze kidev ufro dabali tempiT vi-
100 kaci iyo. sakrebulo kviraSi erTxel Tardeboda saqalaqo cxovreba TelavSi,
marTavda cekvebs, ukravda adgilobrivi da siRnaRSi, gorSi, duSeTSi, axalcixeSi,
samxedro orkestri. ozurgeTSi, axalqalaqSi. 1853-1854 wlebis
1851 wlidan quTaisSi samSeneblo sa- monacemebis SejamebiT aseTi suraTi war-
muSaoebis swrafi tempi aRiniSna. mdinare mogvidgeba:
rionze meore qvis xidi aSenda, safuZveli 1. Telavs ekava daaxloebiT 212 heqtari
Caeyara samxedro qalaqs
qalaqs,, daigegma hospit- teritoria. qalaqSi arsebuli saxlebidan
lis mSenebloba 160 sawolze. mSeneblobebis kerZo mflobelebs ekuTvnodaT 776 saxli
dawyebam qalaqSi miwis fasi 10-jer gaaZvira. (qarTvelebs _ 169, rusebs _ 7, somxebs _ 600);
1851 wels qalaqs daaxloebiT 641 desetina 2. siRnaRs ekava daaxloebiT 678 heq-
(700 heqtari) ekava. am farTobidan 23 heqtari teritoria, qalaqSi 942 saxli idga,
tari quCebsa da moednebs eWira, 327 heqtari romlebic mxolod somxebs ekuTvnodaT;
_ Senobebsa da baRebs, danarCeni farTobi 3. gors ekava daaxloebiT 2.316 heqtari
auTvisebeli iyo. qalaqis keTilmowyobas teritoria, kerZo mflobelebs ekuTvnodaT
yuradReba ar eqceoda, ar arsebobda saqa- 767 saxli (qarTvelebs _ 212, rusebs _ 110,
laqo transporti, mosaxleoba ZiriTadad somxebs _ 445).
616
vaxtang guruli
1853-1854 wlebis monacemebiT, Telavis duSeTSi: Tavadsa da aznaurs _ 0, sasuli-

duSeTSi:
mosaxleobis erovnuli, socialuri, ekle- ero wodebss _ 6, moqalaqes _ 0, saxelmwifo
siuri da profesiuli kuTvnileba aseT su- glexs _ 252, saeklesio glexs _ 5, saba-
raTs iZleoda: saxelmwifo moxeleebi (rusi tono glexs _ 5, rus kolonists _ 0, sul
_ 60, qarTveli Tavadi _ 22, qarTveli azn- 268 komls; siRnaRSi
siRnaRSi:: Tavadsa da aznaurs _
auri _ 9); sasuliero wodeba (marTlmadide- 0, sasuliero wodebas _ 9, moqalaqes _ 0,
beli _ 49, somxur-grigorianuli aRmsare- saxelmwifo glexs _ 810, saeklesio glexs _
blobisa _ 60); moqalaqeebi (qarTvelebi _ 16, sabatono glexs _ 9, rus kolonists _ 0,
918, somxebi _ 3325) (kaTolikeTa, maT Soris sul 844 komls; TelavSi
TelavSi:: Tavadsa da aznaurs
qarTvel da somex kaTolikeTa da ebraelTa _ 0, sasuliero wodebas _ 14, moqalaqes _ 0,
Sesaxeb statistikuri masala Semonaxuli ar saxelmwifo glexs _ 675, saeklesio glexs _
aris). sul TelavSi 4.443 suli (2.370 mamak- 12, sabatono glexs _ 40, rus kolonists _
aci, 2.073 qali) cxovrobda. mcxovrebTagan 0, sul 741 komls; gorSi
gorSi:: Tavadsa da aznaurs
vaWrobas misdevda 8 qarTveli da 150 somexi, _ 0, sasuliero wodebas _ 15, moqalaqes _
xelosnobas 10 qarTveli da 100 somexi. 0, saxelmwifo glexs _ 518, saeklesio glexs
1853-1854 wlebis monacemebiT siRnaRis _ 74, sabatono glexs _ 57, rus kolonists
mosaxleobis erovnuli, socialuri, ekle- _ 0, sul 664 komls. aseve Zalze saintere-
siuri da profesiuli kuTvnileba aseT su- soa, Tu romeli erovnebis warmomadgenlebs
raTs iZleoda: saxelmwifo moxeleebi (rusi ekuTvnodaT saxlebi saqarTvelos qalaqeb-
_ 7, qarTveli Tavadi _ 4, qarTveli aznauri Si. 1853-1854 wlebis monacemebis mixedviT,
_ 15); sasuliero wodeba (marTlmadidebeli TbilisSi saxlebi ekuTvnodaT: qarTvelebs _
_ 4, somxur-grigorianuli aRmsareblobisa 1.142, somxebs _ 4.173, Turqebs _ 96, rusebs _
_ 23); moqalaqeebi (qarTvelebi _ 220, somxebi 192, berZnebs _ 260, ebraelebs _ 23, polone-
_ 4.243) (kaTolikeTa, maT Soris qarTvel lebs _ 114, germanelebs _ 204, frangebs _
da somex kaTolikeTa da ebraelTa Sesaxeb 2, sul 6.206 saxli; siRnaRSi
siRnaRSi:: qarTvelebs _
statistikuri masala Semonaxuli ar aris). 40, somxebs _ 834, sul 874 saxli; TelavSi
TelavSi::
sul siRnaRSi 4.520 suli (2.491 mamakaci, qarTvelebs _ 127, somxebs _ 614, sul 741
2.029 qali) cxovrobda. mcxovrebTagan vaW- saxli; gorSi: qarTvelebs _ 279, somxebs _
robas misdevda 5 qarTveli da 300 somexi, 385, sul 664 saxli.
xelosnobas _ 3 qarTveli da 174 somexi. 4. axalcixe, axalqalaqi, ozurgeTi,
1853-1854 wlebis monacemebiT goris mo- redut-kale, foTi, soxumi
soxumi.. axalcixisa da ax-
saxleobis erovnuli, socialuri, eklesiuri alqalaqis Sesaxeb SedarebiT mwiri masalaa
da profesiuli kuTvnileba aseT suraTs SemorCenili. 1851-1852 wlebis monacemebis
iZleoda: saxelmwifo moxeleebi (rusi _ 29, mixedviT, axalcixeSi 12.574 suli cxovrob-
qarTveli Tavadi _ 17, qarTveli aznauri _ da. qalaqSi kerZo mflobelTa 2236 qvis da
23); sasuliero wodeba (marTlmadidebeli _ 127 xis saxli idga. saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi
37, somxur-grigorianuli aRmsareblobisa _ arsebuli saxlebidan 122 qvisgan iyo nagebi,
43); moqalaqeebi (qarTvelebi _ 1.129, somxebi xolo 1 _ xisgan. axalcixeSi 7 qarxana moq-
_ 1.962) (kaTolikeTa, maT Soris qarTvel medebda. qalaqSi kargad iyo ganviTarebuli
da somex kaTolikeTa da ebraelTa Sesaxeb vaWroba, mudmivad moqmedebda 627 daxli.
statistikuri masala Semonaxuli ar aris). vaWrobaSi upiratesoba ebraelebs hqondaT
sul gorSi 3.378 suli (1.922 mamakaci, 1.456 mopovebuli, 1845 wels maT 259.000 maneTis
qali) cxovrobda. mcxovrebTagan vaWrobas Rirebulebis saqonliT ivaWres, 1846 wels
misdevda 39 qarTveli da 204 somexi, xelos- _ 363.000 maneTisa, 1847 wels _ 159.000 ma-
nobas _ 70 qarTveli, 60 somexi da 3 rusi. neTisa. aqtiurad moqmedebda trapizoni-ax-
sainteresoa, Tu romel wodebas ekuT- alcixe-Tbilisis savaWro gza. 1874 wlisaT-
vnoda saxlebi saqarTvelos qalaqebSi. 1853- vis axalcixeSi ukve 14.702 suli cxovrobda,
1854 wlebis mixedviT, TbilisSi
TbilisSi:: Tavadsa da 1851-1852 wlebSi axalqalaqSi _ 2.675 suli.
aznaurs _ 340, sasuliero wodebas _ 286, qalaqSi 187 qvis da 8 xis saxli idga, mud-
moqalaqes _ 737, saxelmwifo glexs _ 3.908, mivad moqmedebda 300 daxli. 1874 wels ax-
saeklesio glexs _ 351, sabatono glexs _ alqalaqis mosaxleobam 3.074 suls miaRwia.
528, rus kolonists _ 56, _ sul 6.206 komls; ozurgeTSi 1866 wels 903 suli cxovrobda.
617
qalaqSi sul 148 Senoba iyo. 1852 wlis mo- neTs udrida. redut-kaleSi 2 milioni ma-
nacemebiT redut-kaleSi 1.060 suli (910 neTis Rirebulebis satranzito saqoneli
mamakaci, 150 qali) cxovrobda. qalaqSi xis SemohqondaT. 1866 wlis monacemebiT, foTis
68 saxli da 155 daxli idga. redut-kaleSi portSi mxolod 77 suli cxovrobda, xolo
erTaderTi quCa iyo. qalaqis mosaxleobisa- 1874 wels _ 3.026. 1852 wels soxumSi sul
gan sasuliero wodebas ekuTvnoda 2, sapa- 152 mcxovrebi iyo (142 mamakaci da 10 qali).
tio moqalaqeebs _ 37, vaWrebs _ 7. redut- qalaqSi qvis 11 da xis 11 saxli idga. vaWroba
kaleSi, imave monacemebiT, 21 ucxoeli soxumSi ganviTarebuli ar iyo, qalaqSi sul
cxovrobda. mcxovrebTagan xelosnobas 9 137 daxli moqmedebda.
kaci misdevda, maT Soris 7 puris mcxobe- 1851 welTan SedarebiT saqarTvelos qa-
li iyo, xolo 2 mkeravi. kargad iyo ganvi- laqebis mosaxleoba 1862 wels 30.500 suliT
Tarebuli vaWroba. adgilobrivi vaWrobis anu 42%-iT gaizarda.
saSualo wliuri saqonelbrunva 200.000 ma-
618
vaxtang guruli
danarTebi
danarTi # 1
teqstSi gamoyenebuli zoma-wonis erTeulebi:

arSini = 71, 12 santimetrs;
baTmani = 1 qarTuli baTmani _ 8 kilograms,1 iranuli baTmani _ 3 kilograms, 1 osmaluri
baTmani _ 7,3 kilograms.
desetina = 2.400 kvadratul saJens =1,09 heqtars;
verSoki = 4,45 santimetrs;
versi = 500 saJens = 1,06 kilometrs;
koka = XIII saukunis Sua xanebidan 24 litrs, XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi _ 8-16 litrs.
litra (masisa da siTxis sawyao) = 1000 gram siTxes. XIX saukuneSi Tbilisis mazraSi
1 litra udrida 3,2 kilograms, Telavis mazraSi _ 4,5-5 kilograms.
saJeni = 2,13 metrs;
qceva = 3.600 kvadratul metrs;
Careqi = qarTlSi _ 921 grams, kaxeTSi 848 grams, dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ 1000 grams;
Cetverti = 7-8 fuTs.
danarTi #2
ruseTis imperiis jarSi arsebuli samxedro wodebebi:
generaliteti:
general-feldmarSali;
general-anSefi;
infanteriis generali, kavaleriis generali, artileriis generali;
general-leitenanti;
general-maiori.
Stabs-oficrebi:
polkovniki;
podpolkovniki;
maiori.
ufrosi oficrebi:
kapitani (=rotmistrs, esauls);
Stabs-kapitani (= Stabs-rotmitrs, podesauls);
poruCiki;
poruCiki
podporuCiki (= kornets, xorunJis);
praporSCiki.
praporSCiki
619
dabalCinosnebi:
podpraporSCiki
podpraporSCiki;
feldfebeli (=vaxmisters);
ufrosi unter-oficeri
unter-oficeri(=
(= ufros uriadniks);
umcrosi unter-oficeri(=umcros
unter-oficeri(=umcros uriadniks);
efreitori;
rigiTi.
danarTi #3
ruseTis imperiis samxedro SenaerTebi:

armia _ ramdenime divizia an ramdenime korpusi da divizia;
korpusi _ ramdenime divizia an ramdenime divizia da brigada;
divizia _ ramdenime polki an ramdenime polki da brigada;
brigada _ ramdenime polki an ramdenime polki da batalioni;
polki _ ramdenime batalioni;
batalioni _ ramdenime aseuli;
aseuli _ ramdenime oceuli.
***
grenaderTa polki (batalioni, aseuli) _ rCeul qveiTTa polki(batalioni, aseuli);
grenaderi _ rCeuli qveiTi;
dragunTa polki(eskadroni) _ rCeul kavaleristTa polki( eskadroni);
draguni _ rCeuli kavaleristi;
egerTa polki (batalioni, aseuli) _ qveiTTa polki(batalioni, aseuli);
egeri _ qveiTi;
eskadroni _ sakavalerio nawili, romelic ramdenime oceulisagan Sedgeba;
kavaleria _ cxenosani jari;
kavaleristi _ cxenosani mebrZoli;
karabinerTa polki(batalioni, aseuli) _ msrolelTa polki(batalioni, aseuli);
karabineri _ msroleli.
muSketerTa polki (batalioni, aseuli) _ msrolelTa polki (batalioni aseuli);
muSketeri (muSketi) _ msroleli.
***
saxazo batalioni _ sazRvris dacvis batalioni, sasazRvro batalioni;
sagarnizono batalioni _ qalaqSi, cixe-simagreSi Cayenebuli batalioni.
***
qarTuli korpusi (calkeuli qarTuli korpusi) _saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganlagebuli
ruseTis imperiis jari;
kavkasiis korpusi (kavkasiis calkeuli korpusi) _ Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiaSi ganlage-
buli ruseTis imperiis jari.
620
vaxtang guruli
pirTa saZiebeli
mefe-mTavrebi, samefoTa da samTavroTa dedoflebi, mefeTa Svilebi (batoniSvilebi), kaTo-

likos-patriarqebi, meufeebi (mitropolitebi, mTavarpiskoposebi, episkoposebi), arqimandritebi,
iRumebebi, mRvdelmonazvnebi, berdiakvnebi, dekanozebi, diakvnebi saZiebelSi warmodgenilni arian
saxelis pirveli asos mixedviT. saxelis pirveli asos mixedviT arian saZiebelSi warmodgenilni is
pirebi, romelTa gvarebi cnobili ar aris.
saZiebeli Seadgina irine tabataZem.
tabataZem
a abovi _ 40, 45, 80

abazovi _ 537 abul hasan xani _ 346
abas mirza _ 35-41, 44, 45, 138, 140, 210, 213, abul hasan xani mirza _ 342, 343, 398, 399
214, 215, 227, 246, 341, 344, 346, 347, 397,
abulaZe qaixosro _ 371
398, 405, 410
agiaSvili _ 204
abaSiZe _ 97
agiaSvili bebe _ 569
abaSiZe _ 103, 104
adelungi _ 412
abaSiZe _ 548
avaliani svimon _ 10
abaSiZe giorgi _ 181, 182, 183
avaliani simon _ 168
abaSiZe giorgi _ 368
avaliSvili _ 79
abaSiZe daviT _ 93, 107,112,121, 239, 271
avaliSvili _ 163
abaSiZe daviT _ 368
avaliSvili aval _ 58
abaSiZe daviT gabuas Ze _ 368
avaliSvili anton _ 58
abaSiZe dimitri _ 229
avaliSvili beJan _ 172, 173
abaSiZeebi _ 152
avaliSvili giorgi _ 33, 35, 49, 52-55, 59-63,
abaSiZe zaal _ 271
72,74,94,163
abaSiZe zurab _ 382
avaliSvili glaxa _ 163
abaSiZe iagor _ 579
avaliSvili zurab _ 10
abaSiZe ioane(ivane) 366, 368, 370, 371, 372, 373,
avaliSvili iese _ 58
374, 375, 380, 381
avaliSvili kirile _ 107
abaSiZe levan _ 146
avaliSvili petre _ 58,271,272
abaSiZe merab _ 373
avaliSvili solomon _ 44, 58, 112, 271
abaSiZe nikoloz _ 271
avTandilaSvili zaal _ 449, 450, 461
abaSiZe nikoiloz amegarabis Ze _ 368
avTandilaSvili stefane _ 447, 459
abaSiZe nikoloz finezis Ze _ 366, 368, 371, 372,
381 azarovi _ 373
abaSiZe paata evgenis Ze _ 107 aTanase (arqimandriti) _ 310, 361
abaSiZe pavle _ 58 aTanase (mRvdeli) _ 156.
abaSiZe rostom _ 220 aTanase (niqozeli episkoposi) _ 300, 302
abaSiZe qaixosro _ 228. 381, 382 alaiar xani _ 412
abdul mejidi _ 538 aleqsandre batoniSvili _ 23, 25, 26, 30, 36,
40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 61, 65, 66, 68, 69,
abdul husein bei _ 141
71, 72, 96, 102, 103, 106, 109, 110, 113, 120,
abeli _ 107 121, 126, 131, 132, 138-141, 145, 146, 158, 159,
abeliSvili glaxa _ 146, 271 164, 217, 227, 238, 243, 254, 262, 264-270, 341,
abeliSvili dimitri _ 271 342, 346, 347, 349, 350, 353, 370, 398 399, 402,
403, 404, 405, 415, 438, 446, 447, 453, 456,
abeliSvili paata _ 171
621
457, 459 andreevski _ 381

aleqsandre batoniSvili (imereTisa) _ 219 andronikaSvili _ 95
aleqsandr I 5, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 84, 85, andronikaSvili abel _ 112, 171
88, 89, 90, 93-97, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 115, andronikaSvili adam _ 107, 109, 112, 116
116, 126, 128, 129130, 137, 138, 140, 142, 150,
157, 162, 165-168, 170, 171, 174, 175, 176, 178, andronikaSvili aleqsandre _ 165, 271
179, 180, 183, 185, 187, 191, 193, 198, 202, andronikaSvili andronike _ 163, 271
208, 212, 213, 221, 252, 260, 272, 273, 274 , andronikaSvili aslan _ 145, 146
275, 276, 286, 296, 302, 303, 304, 310, 315,
andronikaSvili baram _ 112
322, 331, 338, 343, 344, 349, 351, 356,
359, 360, 371, 378, 383, 384, 385, 398, andronikaSvili daviT _ 271
402, 414, 581 andronikaSvili dimitri _ 107, 109, 112, 116,
aleqsandr II _ 325, 493, 494, 498, 578-582, 271
601, 603 andronikaSvili erasti _ 112, 271
aleqsandra dedofali (afxazeTisa) _ 589, 592- andronikaSvili estate _ 271.
596, 599 andronikaSvili zaal _ 109, 112
aleqsandrovi _ 110 andronikaSvili zaza _ 257
aleqseevi _ 132 andronikaSvili zaqaria _ 112, 161
aleqsiSvili daviT _ 108, 109, 111 andronikaSvili zurab _ 271
aleqsiSvili marTa _ 462 andronikaSvili ivane (ioane) _ 107, 112, 171
aleqsiSvili ninia _ 272 andronikaSvili ivane malxazis Ze _ 544, 546,
alexani _ 260 547, 550-554
ali bei livaneli _ 548 andronikaSvili ivane (ninia) _ 112, 255
ali bei _ 509 andronikaSvili ioseb _
ali faSa _ 280, 546 107,109,112,242,251,267,268
ambrosi(nekreseli mTavarepiskoposi, mit- andronikaSvili ioseb _ 112

ropoliti) _ 161, 300 andronikaSvili iostos (beri) _ 166
amilaxvari _ 128 andronikaSvili koxta _ 163
amilaxvari avTandil _ 58 andronikaSvili luarsab _ 145
amilaxvari barZim _ 447, 460, 462 andronikaSvili malxaz _ 145, 217
amilaxvari beJan _ 455 andronikaSvili merab _ 271
amilaxvari givi _ 447, 460, 462 andronikaSvili mixeil _ 271
amilaxvari giorgi _ 58, 111, 145-148, 153-158 andronikaSvili ninia _ 109
amilaxvari ediSer _ 271 andronikaSvili nikoloz _ 271.
amilaxvari Teimuraz _ 447, 455, 458, 460, 462 andronikaSvili revaz _ 107, 109, 112, 271, 470
amilaxvari ivane _ 447, 460, 462 andronikaSvili svimon _ 107, 109,112,271
amilaxvari ioane _ 58 andronikaSvili solomon _ 107, 109,112
amilaxvari oTar _ 58 anTaZe kote _ 13
amilaxvari nikoloz _ 58 anTaZe mamuka _ 526
amirejibi _ 125, 222 anTelava irakli _ 14
amirejibi iagor _ 147, 153 anTimozi (arqimandriti) _ 441
amirejibi ilia _ 499 anosovi n.s. _ 250
amirejibi solomon _ 145, 166 anrepi osip _ 503, 517, 522, 525
ana dedofali (imereTisa) _ 147, 167, 170, 174, anton I _ 26
203, 204 anton II _ 67, 68, 75, 103,113, 297, 298, 299, 300,
ana dedofali (samegrelosi) _ 199 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307
622
vaxtang guruli
anCabaZe daTa _ 284 balabini _ 348

anCabaZe Temuryva _ 284, 395 baraTaSvili _ 504
arakCeevi aleqsei _ 337, 402 baraTaSvili zaal _ 78, 94, 113
ardiSvili Talxan _ 586 baraTaSvili ivane _ 257, 447, 460, 462
arseni(Tbileli mitropoliti) _ 57,95 299, 303 baraTaSvili nino _ 563
aruTinovi manuel _ 470 baraTaSvili sulxan _ 559, 561, 562
arRuTinski _ 327 barTlome (somexTa episkoposi) _ 328
arRuTinski-dolgorukovi ioseb _ 68. barTolomei ivan _ 583
arRuTinski-dolgorukovi movses _ 327, 508, bariatinski aleqsandr _ 285, 297 , 493, 497,
509, 510, 513, 516 -526, 542, 543 498, 577, 578, 580, 585
arwruni _ 319 barklai de toli mixail _ 282
asaTiani svimon _ 168 barkovski _ 563
asaTiani svimon _ 377, 382 barsovi _ 257, 259
afxazi _ 559, 563 bartenevi _ 103
afxazi _ 327 baqaniZe _ 519
afxazi _ 388 baqaniZe gabila _ 527
afxazi anton _ 447, 452, 453, 458, 460, 461 baqar batoniSvili _ 93, 291
afxazi ivane (ioane) _ 107,109,112 baRaSvili gogia _ 251
afxazi ivane _ 378, 456 baSi aRa _ 280
afxaziSvili ninia _ 267. bebuTiSvili abesalom _ 257
aRaToSvili gorjasp _ 271 bebuTovebi _ 319
aRaToSvili spiridon _ 271 bebuTovi _ 27, 32
aRaToSvili ninia _ 271 bebuTovi _ 284
aRa mahmad xani _ 23, 27, 34, 38, 79, 82, 87 bebuTovi _ 388
aRbuRa jayeli _ 292 bebuTovi darCo _ 78, 112, 249, 470, 474
aSordia _ 287 bebuTovi vasili _ 337, 422, 428, 429, 430, 431,
axverdovi _ 563 544, 550, 571, 591, 596
axverdovi fiodor _ 238, 239, 250, 304 beburiSvili adam _ 113, 164, 255
axlestiSevi dimitri _ 462, 463 beburiSvili aidemur _ 109
ahmed xani _ 342 beburiSvili gurgen _ 377
ahmed faSa _ 393 beburiSvili etlia _ 377

beburiSvili zaqaria _ 109, 166
beburiSvili ioane _ 109
b beburiSvili ioseb _ 145
beburiSvili ioseb _ 109
bagrat batoniSvili _ 9,39, 43-47, 58,65,68,122, beburiSvili kiko _ 113.
124 beburiSvili revaz _ 107, 111
bagration-muxranski _ 446 beburiSvili svimon _ 109, 166, 252, 256
bagration-muxranski ivane _ 555, 565, 567-571, beburiSvili solomon _ 109, 262
591
begTabegovi _ 101
bagration-muxranski nino _ 571
begTabegovi _ 586
bazileviCi aleqsandr _ 340
begTabegovi ivane _ 470
baTikaSvili iakob _ 166
begTabegovi rostom _ 58
bakuraZe glaxuna _ 381
623
begliarevi _ 420 budbergi _ 564, 589.

bedoiZe eman _ 155, 159, 160 bulgakovi aleqsandr _ 142
bedoiZe ninia _ 155, 159, 160 burduli gvanca _ 14
bezborodko aleqsandr _ 25, 29 burduli Sio _ 155, 156
bekleSovi aleqsandr _ 73 burdulis saxelo _ 156.
bekoviC_Cerkaski fiodor _ 406, 422, 433 burcevi ivan _ 430, 431, 432, 433
benediqte (arqimqndriti) _ 230 butkovi piotr _ 9
benianiZe gamaxare _ 156 buCiZe svimon _ 166
benianiZe ninia _ 155, 159, 160 buCukuri _ 156
benkendorfi aleqsandr _ 291
benkendorfi konstantin _ 407, 408
berensi _ 462
g
bereJiani _ 186
beriZe dodo _ 14
gabaSvili _ 291
berJe adolf _ 9, 106
gabaSvili _ 401
berZeniSvili nikoloz(niko) _ 7,11, 12, 13
gabaSvili _ 511
berZeniSvili aTanase _ 157
gabaSvili andria _ 470
berZniSvili maqsime _ 13
gabaSvili besik _ 287
berxmani aleqsandr _ 417, 419, 422
gabaSvili zaqaria _ 287
besarioni (arqimqndriti) _ 163
gabaSvili ose _ 287
besarioni (Wyondideli mitropoliti) _ 336
gagarini aleqsandr _ 544, 548, 550, 577, 578,
beqa jayeli _ 292 579, 585, 586
biziurgi mirza _ 398 gagarini pavel _ 580, 581
biliul faSa _ 423 gavrilenko _ 255.
biurovi _ 513, 519, 521 -524 galateri _ 584
bixalovi vasil _ 164 gamazovi _ 327
bobilevi T. _ 614 gamaliila (arqimandriti) _ 306
bolecovi _ 230 gamaxaria jemal _ 14.
bolqvaZe abesa _ 503, 514, 519, 525, 527 gamba fransua Jak _ 612
bolqvaZe dursun _ 377 gamsaxurdia buJuk _ 283
bolqvaZe ioTam _ 375 gamyreliZe darejan _ 563
borisovi vlas _ 154 gani pavel _ 293, 484, 485, 488, 489, 490, 605
borozdini kondrat _ 579 garsevaniZe aleqsandre _ 163.
borSCevi _ 246 garceviCi _ 164
bocvaZe ioseb _ 14 gegenava giorgi _ 168
braiko(braiki) mixail _ 504, 507, 508, 510, 513, gegiZe _ 521
516, 520
gelaSvili akaki _ 14
bronevski semion _ 167, 174, 175, 321, 473
gelaZe esika _ 527
brose mari _ 448
gelvixi iakob fon _ 32
bruneri andrei _ 546, 547, 548, 553, 554, 567
gelovani beri _ 336
brusilovi aleqsei _ 506, 508, 509-513, 515, 516,
518, 523 gelovani farnaoz _ 571
buaZe daviT _ 381 gervasi (samTavneli, samTavnel-wilkneli epis-

koposi) _ 300
624
vaxtang guruli
gigineiSvili kiko _ 377 guliakovi vasili _ 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 53,
gigineiSvili xosia _ 377 54, 66, 95, 107,108, 109 111, 131-135
giorgaZe grigol _ 11 guliSambarovi stefane _ 606
giorgi XII _ 23,25-44, 47-61, 63, 64-66, 68, 69, 72, guncaZe firan _ 366
73, 77, 78, 83, 87, 88, 94,111, 121, 159, 167, gurgeniZe ivane _ 270, 470
177, 254 275, 277, 288, 289, 291, 319, 332 gurgeniZe ninia _ 254, 271
giorgi batoniSvili (imereTisa) _ 167 gurievi gavrila _ 141
glazenapi grigori _ 143, 161, 162, 164, 165 gurieli giorgi _ 545
gogebaSvili iakob _ 6, 7 gurieli daviT mamias Ze _ 219, 371, 377, 378,
gogiaSvili _ 151 436, 440, 441
gogiaSvili omar _ 14 gurieli daviT vaxtangis Ze _ 428, 437, 438
gogiTaia _ 284 gurieli ekaterine _ 436, 440, 441
gogolaZe dermiSa _ 14 gurieli elisabed _ 505
gogoliSvili svimonika _ 505 gurieli vaxtang _ 185, 186, 189, 204, 216, 218
gogorikiZe gito _ 505 234.
godabreliZe _ 233 gurieli ioseb _ 545
gozaliSvili giorgi _ 11 gurieli koWibrola _ 436
gokieli _ 165 gurieli levan _ 186, 204, 205, 218, 234.
golicini aleqsandr _ 302, 304, 305, 307,308, gurieli mamia _ 566

309, 351, 369, 371 gurieli sofio _ 436
golovini evgeni _ 293, 296, 326 396, 485, 488, gurieli terezia _ 436, 574.
588, 507, 508, 509, 520, 526, 605 gurieli qaixosro _ 178, 185, 186, 204, 204,
gorba _ 355 218, 234, 237, 371, 373, 374, 376, 377, 438
gorgilaZe leonide _ 13 gurlebumi _ 266
gordelaZe gogiCa _ 505, 526 gurski _ 462
gorixvostovi aleqsandr _ 191
gorCakovi piotr _ 340, 373, 375, 377, 379, 382,
384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391 d
grekovi nikolai _ 340
griboedovi aleqsandr _ 398, 411, 412, 413 dadeSqeliani _ 519
grigoli (arqimandriti) _ 371, 372, 373 dadeSqeliani aleqsandre (islam) cioyis Ze _
grigol batoniSvili _ 254, 260 583, 584
grigol dadiani _ 167-170. 173, 174, 177, 185, dadeSqeliani gela jamsuRis Ze _ 584
187, 190, 194, 195, 197, 198, 200, 281, 336, 574 dadeSqeliani Tengiz jamsuRis Ze _ 190, 191,
grigolisSvili ninia _ 107 584, 587
gugunava daviT _ 503, 519 dadeSqeliani oTar TaTaryanis Ze _ 583
gugunava vaxuSti _ 377 dadeSqeliani cioy (mixeil) cioyis Ze _ 583
gugunava svimon _ 284, 436, 440 dadeSqeliani jamsuR TaTaryanis Ze _ 498
gugunava qaixosro _ 503, 526 dadiani andria daviTis Ze _ 581, 582
gugunava qaquCela _ 518 dadiani beJan _ 202, 371, 379
gugunavebi _ 436 dadiani besarion nikos Ze _ 575
guguSvili paata _ 11 dadiani giorgi _ 371
gudoviCi ivan _ 25, 142, 187, 188, 207- 213, 216, dadiani giorgi nikos Ze _ 575
218, 220, 227, 272, 293, 303, 315, 331, 333, dadiani giorgi grigolis Ze _ 379
338, 344, 345, 383, 500
625
dadiani grigol levanis Ze _ 570, 573, 574, 576, dodaSvili solomon _ 444, 445, 446, 451, 453,
577 456, 459, 461, 465, 466
dadiani elizbar _ 575 dodaSvili stefane _ 448, 460, 462
dadiani konstantine levanis Ze _ 567, 574, 577 dodti p.a. _ 189, 190
dadiani manuCar _ 187, 198 dolgorukovi vasili _ 545, 572, 590, 591
dadiani meniki _ 589 doliZe maxarobel _ 526
dadiani niko grigolis Ze (`didi niko~) _ 219, domenti (arqimandriti) _ 302
336, 497, 575 donaZe varlam _ 14
dadiani nikoloz _ 195, 202 dondua varlam _ 14
dadiani nikoloz(niko) daviTis Ze _ 575, 578, doroZe gogosi _ 504
580, 581, 582
dosiTeozi (goris epioskoposi, saqarTvelo-
dadiani petre nikos Ze _ 575 kavkasiis arqiepiskoposi) _ 310, 351
dadimovi _ 412 dosiTeozi (quTaTeli mitropoliti) _ 121,
davidovi denis _ 403, 405 175, 185, 197,206, 216, 223, 303, 361, 362, 366,
daviT batoniSvili _ 9, 23, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 371,358, 372, 373, 374
37, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 54-61, 63, 64, dosiTeozi (arqimandriti, wilknis eparqiis
67-70, 72, 77, 78, 79, 88, 94, 101, 103 108, 110, droebiTi mmarTveli) _ 158, 300, 305, 306
119, 121, 129, 148, 151, 254, 275, 276, 277, dranse _ 563
291, 319
dreieri _ 547
daviT dadiani _ 336, 497, 574, 584
dreniakini maqsim _ 159
daviT II (imereTis mefe) _ 167
dubecki iosif _ 372
daviTi _ 230
dubrovini nikolai _ 9, 92
daviTi (arqimandriti) _ 225
dudarovi mehmed _ 129
daviTi (quTaTeli mitropoliti) _ 371
dudini _ 588
daniel bei _ 541, 543, 558, 559
dumbaZe gogia _ 527
danilevski _ 255
dumbaZe mamia _ 12, 14
darejan batoniSvili (imereTisa) _ 366
darejan dedofali _ 23, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37, 41,
42, 46, 47, 48, 54, 56, 557, 65-69, 72, 75, 93, e
94, 99, 103, 104, 108, 110, 113,115, 116, 118,
120, 121, 123, 126, 129, 167, 185
egnate (diakvani) _ 122
dgebuaZe niko _ 571
evseevi _ 547
dgebuaZeebi _ 575
ekaterina II _ 31, 35, 38, 81, 84, 86, 87, 89, 93
debu osip _ 358
ekaterine (dedofali samegrelosi) _ 497, 563,
dekanoziSvili filipe _ 164 566, 570, 571, 572, 574-579, 581, 582, 584, 590,
delpocco ivan _ 240, 257, 338, 340, 341, 357 591, 593
denisovi _ 244 elefTeri (arqimandriti) _ 107, 109, 111, 260,
306
diaCkovi _ 340
emin faSa _ 417
dibiCi ivan (iohan fridrix karl anton) _ 324,
327 403, 406, 407, 434, 437, 440 emir xani _ 246
digorxani _ 583 emxvari sesilyva _ 284
dimitri batoniSvili _ 443, 446, 459, 460 enikolopovi avraam _ 241
dimitri (dekanozi) _ 306 enikolopovi i.k. _ 275
dimitri ServaSiZe _ 336, 384, 386, 388, 389, 390 erasti sardali _ 58
dimitrievi aleqsandr _ 413 erastisSvili ivane _ 107
626
vaxtang guruli
erekle II _ 23-27, 29, 31, 35, 42, 50, 56, 57, 58, erisTavi mirmanoz _ 147, 148, 165.
60, 65, 66, 72, 83, 84, 86, 87, 94, 101, 102, 107, erisTavi mixeil _ 113, 147, 149, 150, 152, 154,
127, 129, 146, 1457, 148, 159, 167, 254, 275, 157, 158, 163, 164
278, 288, 289,307, 475
erisTavi mixeil _ 554
erisTavebi _ 226
erisTavi nikoloz _ 552
erisTavebi _ 507
erisTavi rafiel _ 263.
erisTavi _ 133, 216
erisTavi rafiel _ 577, 579
erisTavi _ 146, 147
erisTavi revaz _ 67, 158, 161
erisTavi _ 183, 189.
erisTavi svimon _ 378, 436, 439
erisTavi _ 524
erisTavi siko _ 377
erisTavi _ 568, 569
erisTavi solomon _ 145, 147, 165, 264, 377
erisTavi aleqsandre gigos Ze _ 440
erisTavi SanSe _ 113, 147-154, 156, 158, 161
erisTavi anton _ 132
ermolovi aleqsei _ 124, 191, 272, 279, 280, 288,
erisTavi beJan _ 147 289, 293, 294, 319,322, 324, 331, 334, 337-351,
erisTavi biZina _ 447, 451, 455, 459, 461 353-360, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 367, 369, 371,
erisTavi gigo _ 378, 436 373-380, 381, 384, 388, 389, 390, 392, 397, 398,
399, 400, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 420, 436
erisTavi giorgi _ 284, 436
esaZe simon _ 10
erisTavi giorgi _ 586, 587
efTvimi (genaTeli mTavarepiskoposi, mit-
erisTavi giorgi daviTis Ze _ 446, 447, 449, 451,
ropoliti) _ 206,2 20, 221, 223, 225, 233,
459, 461
364, 366, 368, 371, 372, 373, 374
erisTavi giorgi revazis Ze _ 443, 444, 446, 451,
efremi (mRvdeli) _ 429,439,441,442
459, 461
eqvTime (arqimandriti) _ 302
erisTavi giorgi estates Ze _ 347, 350, 354, 355,
406,410
erisTavi daviT _ 377, 381
v
erisTavi daviT _ 446
erisTavi daviT giorgis Ze _ 440
vadaWkoria aTan _ 504, 505, 526
erisTavi dimitri _ 442, 447, 455, 459, 461, 465,
466 vadaWkoria gogia _ 504, 505, 526
erisTavi elizbar _ 142, 147, 148, 149, 152, 154, vadaWkoria enuqa _ 504, 505, 526
156-159. 161, 222 vadaWkoria lazare _ 527
erisTavi elizbar _ 443, 444, 445, 446, 449, 451, vadaWkoria nikoloz _ 526
453, 455, 459, 461, 465, 466 vadaWkoria SoTa _ 14
erisTavi elisabed _ 186 vadbolski ivan _ 417, 422
erisTavi vaxtang _ 219. 428, 436, 440 valecki _ 350
erisTavi Tornike _ 147-150, 152, 155, 156, 158, vardosaniZe sergo _ 15
257.
varlami (arqiepiskoposi) _ 302,304, 305,306,
erisTavi ivane _ 447, 455, 460, 461. 462, 465, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 346
466
vasilievi _ 257.
erisTavi ioseb _ 271
vasilievi _ 452
erisTavi konstantine giorgis Ze _ 440
vasif faSa _ 572
erisTavi levan _ 447, 460, 461
vaCnaZe _ 164
erisTavi lomin _ 377, 381
vaCnaZe aidemur _ 107,112
erisTavi mariam _ 146, 147
vaCnaZe aslan _ 107,112
erisTavi maqsime _ 377
vaCnaZe daviT _ 112
627
vaCnaZe daviT _ 112 voroncovi _ 390

vaCnaZe dimitri _ 112 voroncovi aleqsandr _ 81-84, 89, 117, 178, 180,
vaCnaZe dimitri gurgenis Ze _ 271 211
vaCnaZe ioseb _ 107, 112 voroncovi mixail _ 181, 292, 294, 296, 297, 396,
490-493, 498, 535, 549, 550, 555, 564, 583, 589,
vaCnaZe ioseb _ 112
590,601, 613.
vaCnaZe ioseb _ 112.33
vrangeli karl _ 550
vaCnaZe zaqaria _ 107, 112, 271
vronski _ 255
vaCnaZe luarsab _ 107, 109, 112, 116
vroCenko _ 484
vaCnaZe ninia _ 112, 165
vsevoloJski _ 463
vaCnaZe svimon _ 107, 112
vaCnaZe solomon _ 107
vaCnaZe solomon _ 107 z
vaCnaZe qaixosro _ 271
vaCnaZe yaflan _ 112 zavadski _ 602
vaWriZe goderZi _ 14 zavadovski piotr _ 127
vaWriZe petre _ 14 zavaliSini irinarx _ 141
vaxvaxiSvili _ 554 zavileiski piotr _ 447, 448, 460, 462
vaxvaxiSvili grigol _ 163, 165 zamana (mola) _ 447, 449, 451, 459, 461, 465, 466
vaxvaxiSvili dimitri _ 162, 165 271 zamenopulo Tevdore _ 328
vaxvaxiSvili revaz _ 107, 271 zaxarovi iakov _ 413
vaxtang batoniSvili (`vaxtang kargi~) _ 121 zgorelski _ 375, 376, 380
vaxtang batoniSvili _ 23, 26, 32, 41, 42, 44-48, zebede (mRvdeli) _ 271
57, 58, 59,62, 64, 65, 66, 68,69, 71, 72, 94, 96,
zedginiZe ioseb _ 166
102, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119,
121, 129, 151 zeva _ 198
vaxtang batoniSvili (imereTisa) _ 380, 381, 399 zemcevi _ 390
vaxtang VI _ 92, 93, 147, 231, 275, 279, 288, 289, zvambaia _ 567, 568
290, 291, 293, 294, 295, 497 znaCko-iarovski _ 536
veli ali emin oRli _ 447, 460 461, 463 zolotariovi g. _ 67, 68
veliaminovi aleqsei (veliaminov II) _ 338, 342, zubalaSvili andria _ 606
376, 377, 380, 381, 382, 406 zubalaSvili daviT _ 606
veliaminovi ivan (veliaminov I) _ 280, 288, 341, zubalaSvili iakob _ 606
347, 350, 351, 356, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367,
zubovi _ 287
370, 371, 372, 374, 378,379, 380, 382, 384, 385,
386, 388, 398, 404, 405, 406 zubovi valerian _ 141
veselicki _ 509, 521 zubovi platon _ 84
vitgenSteini priotr _ 414
viSeslavcovi p. _ 324
vlasevi _ 393
T
vlasovi maqsim _ 372, 380, 381

TavdgiriZe al. _ 377
voinovi _ 376, 509
TavdgiriZe aslan bei _ 439
volkonski dimitri _ 147, 149, 154,155, 157,
158, 159, 161, 163, 165, 197, 472 TavdgiriZe giorgi _ 436 440, 441
volkonski piotr _ 337, 358, 402 TavdgiriZe memed bei _ 439, 502
volxovski dimitri _ 456, 457 TavdgiriZe suleiman bei _ 502
628
vaxtang guruli
TavdgiriZe fridon _ 377 TumaniSvili Tamaz _ 65

TavdgiriZe hasan bei _ 501, 502, 504, 505, 506, TumaniSvili iese _ 58
515, 516, 517, 520, 526, 548, 551, 552 TumaniSvili ioseb _ 58
TavyeliSvili zurab _ 166 TumaniSvili sulxan _ 25, 78, 145
TaTaryan (mixeil) dadeSqeliani _ 190. 191, 192, TumaniSvili farsadan _ 166
336, 583
TumaniSvili fridon _ 58
Taiar bei _ 387
Tuxareli giorgi _ 121
TaTula _ 124
Tuxareli ipolite _ 272
Tamar batoniSvili (giorgi XII-is asuli) _ 123,
124
Tamar batoniSvili (iulonis asuli) _ 446, 447,
449, 453, 454, 455, 459,461 i
Tamar dedofali (afxazeTisa) _ 384, 385, 386,

387, 389, 390, 394 iakubi mirza _ 411, 412
Tarxan-mouravi solomon _ 96 iandolovski _ 569
Tarxani daviT _ 278 iarkovi _ 257
Tarxani luarsab _ 10 iaSvilebi _ 363
TarxniSvilebi _ 146, 148, 152 iaSvili ivane _ 382
TarxniSvili _ 79 iaSvili sosika _ 381
TarxniSvili _ 116. iacenko _ 505-508, 510
TarxniSvili daviT _ 222 ibrahim bei _ 142.
TarxniSvili dimitri _ 58 ibrahim xani (yarabaRisa) _ 34, 35, 36, 47, 140,
141, 343
TarxniSvili dimitri glaxas Ze _ 271
ibrahimi _ 38, 39
TarxniSvili ioram _ 272
ivangulaSvili zurab _ 121, 122
TarxniSvili luarsab _ 447, 460, 461, 462
ivane (dekanozi) _ 202
TarxniSvili revaz _ 145, 146
ivane (mRvdeli) _ 441
TarxniSvili solomon _ 112, 113, 125, 145
ivanenko v.n. _ 9., 488, 491
TarxniSvili tetia _ 145, 146, 152, 153
ivanovi _ 344, 345
TaqTaqiSvili iese _ 58
ivanovi _ 586
TayaiSvili erdiSel _ 377
ivini _ 569
TayaiSvili qaixosro _ 441, 514, 515
iziumski _ 586
Tekla batoniSvili _ 120, 446, 447, 459
iznoskovi _ 359
Teimuraz batoniSvili _ 9, 39, 48, 60, 68, 69,
103, 104, 110, 121, 126, 129, 132, 138, 139. ilia batoniSvili _ 123
Teimuraz II _ 147, 148, 291 ilini nikolai _ 586
Teifur bei _ 429 inal-ifebi _ 386
Teofane (Wyondideli mTavarepiskoposi) _ 577 inal-ifa rostom _ 394
ToiZe oTar _ 505, 519 inal-ifa fedoryva _ 394
ToiZe nikoloz _ 526 ioane batoniSvili _ 26, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, 57,
58, 65, 96, 107, 129, 254
TumaniSvili birTvel _ 145, 447, 460, 462
ioane (bodbeli mitropoliti) _ 108,110, 111,
TumaniSvili giorgi _ 455
112, 250, 252, 253, 263, 300, 303, 456
TumaniSvili egnate _ 56, 57, 78, 93.
ioane (dekanozi) _ 238, 306
TumaniSvili zaza _ 58
ioane (wilkneli mitropoliti) _ 300
TumaniSvili zaqaria _ 145
iovakime (arqimandriti) _ 107
629
iovane _ 107 katorino _ 201

ioviZe abesalom _ 14. kaSaevi _ 569
ioraiSvili maqsime _ 377 kaSkariovi g.a. _ 323
ioseb konstantines Ze _ 107 kaSutini _ 405
ioseb mimbaSi _ 112 kaSCenko _ 372, 380
iosebi (arqimandriti) _ 219 kaci yei oRli _ 548
iosebi (dekanozi) _ 306 kaWarava iuri _ 14
iosebi (mRvdeli) _ 372 kaWkaWovi _ 124.
iosebi (jumaTeli mitropoliti) _ 219 kaxanovi (koxanovi) semion _ 504, 508-511, 513,
ioseliani _ 568 520, 522
ioseliani platon _ 10, 279 kezevaZe merab _ 14
isaaki _ 139 kvaracxelia maka _ 14
isidor nikolski (mTavarepiskoposi) _ 535 kvaWantiraZe giorgi _ 527
iskander faSa _ 572 kvaWantiraZe esika _ 527
ismail xani _ 344 kvinixiZe rostom _ 178
italinski andrei _ 177, 193, 205, 234. kvinixiZe qaixosro _ 178
iuliusi (urbneli mitropoliti) _ 300 kvisti _ 484
iulon batoniSvili _ 23, 26, 28, 41, 42, 46, 47, kiahi bei _ 432
48, 54, 55, 57-60, 62-69, 71, 72, 108,111, 113, kikviZe abel _ 7, 13, 14
120. kiknaZe qaquca _ 370
iurgensburgi klodt fon _ 256, 257 kiknaZe xaxuta _ 366
iurCenko nikolai _ 577 kipriaSvili egnate _ 381
iustine (ruiseli mitropoliti) _ 299 kirilovi _ 588.
iusuf faSa _ 207, 209, 210, 211, 227 kiseliovi _ 32.
iuferovi _ 462 kiseliovi pavel _ 296
kitkeviCi _ 156, 161
kiSkini _ 430
k
klimovski _ 340
knorringi karl _ 32, 34, 37-44, 47-48, 52-56,
kazasi _ 462
58-67, 71, 72, 74, 77-80, 83, 84, 85, 88, 90, 93,
kakabaZe sargis _ 10 94, 95, 97, 98,99, 102, 103, 105, 106, 109, 112,
kalandariSvili goginika _ 377 113, 115, 116, 118, 121, 143, 151, 170, 172.
kalandaZe cecilia _ 14 297, 313, 331, 332
kalatoziSvili daviT _ 271 kobaxiZe buWunika _ 381, 382
kalinovski _ 484 kobelevi _ 568
kandelakiSvili kakaba _ 284 kobiaSvili beJan _ 148, 149
kandelakiSvili otiela _ 284 kobiaSvili goSpar _ 159
kankrini egor _ 319, 324, 476 kobiaSvili grigol _ 165
kanonenko _ 212. kobiaSvili dimitri _ 159
karaliZe jemal _ 14. kobiaSvili durmiSxan _ 159
karapeti (somexTa episkoposi) _ 328 kobiaSvili zaal _ 166
karzaevi _ 523 kobiaSvili ivane _ 470
kariagini pavel _ 44, 105, 137, 141. kobliakovi m.d. _ 9
karcovi _ 601 kodalaSvili ioseb _ 271
630
vaxtang guruli
kovalenski piotr _ 27, 32-40, 42, 43, 49, 50, 88, kurnatovski ivan _ 363, 364, 365 366, 367, 368,
93, 95-102, 104, 106, 110, 115-118, 120, 313 374, 384
kovalevski _ 506, 512, 546, 547, 550 kutaisovi _ 604
kovaliovi _ 204 kutaisovi pavel _ 335, 479 _ 483
kozlovski _ 183 kutnevi _ 236.
kozmanaSvili glaxa _ 163 kutuzovi aleqsandr _ 338, 340, 346
kozodavlevi osip _ 275 276
koliubakini mixail _ 579, 583
koliubakini nikolai _ 517, 566, 571, 577, 578, l
579, 586, 595, 598
kolotuzovi _ 225, 228 ladinski piotr _ 280, 296, 350
komneno _ 154 lazarevi _ 327
kondraSevi _ 153 lazarevi ivan _ 27, 36-45, 47-50, 54-60, 62, 63,
koniari _ 283 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 77-81, 88, 93-97, 99,
konstantine batoniSvili (imereTisa) _ 113, 102-110, 113, 115, 116, 121, 123, 124, 167, 170,
167, 172, 173, 174, 176, 180, 184, 185, 196, 471
203, 204, 222, 223, 225 lakbari urus _ 390
konstantine (murzayan) cioyis Ze dadeSqeliani lanCabaZe martin _ 504
_ 583-586. laSqarevi _ 160
korolkovi nikolai _ 417, 419, 421 laSqarevi _ 205
kornilovi vladimir _ 539, 564 laSqarevi sergei _ 43, 47, 52, 61, 70, 94, 102.
kostava darejan _ 278 levan batoniSvili _ 152, 153, 238-242, 254, 305,
kostava qriSobela _ 278 306
kostini _ 401 levan V dadiani _ 187, 190, 192, 199, 218, 234,
kotliarevski piotr _ 47, 62, 63, 245, 246, 259, 282, 283, 336, 366, 371, 374, 388, 395, 508,
338, 403 516, 518, 521, 522, 523, 574
koSelevi _ 353 levaSovi _ 601
koSelski _ 604 levini _ 517
koCubei viqtor _ 81-84, 89, 118, 119, 126, 148, levinski _ 518
153, 302 leventovi _ 249
kocebu pavel _ 501, 5121, 513, 517, 520, 600 leonovi stepan _ 417
koWiWaSvili levan _ 367 leontievi aleqsei _ 71, 79, 106, 109, 132, 138
krabbe fon karl _ 266, 340 lesnikovi _ 160
krasovski afanasi _ 406, 408, 409, 416 letelie _ 447, 448, 460
krivonosovi _ 109 liaSenko _ 507
krinicki _ 507, 513 liaxovi _ 109
kroneki valter adam fon _ 328 liva faSa _ 548
kruJkovi _ 258 lindenfeldi _ 390
kuzini _ 463 lioniZe solomon _ 50, 55, 57, 173, 176, 177,
kuliabko _ 440 179, 180, 182, 185, 196, 200, 222, 223, 225
kulmani mixail fon _ 556, 556-559, 561, 562, lisaneviCi dimitri _ 141, 214, 256, 262, 340,
563 343
kupraSvili sulxan _ 14 litvinovi piotr _ 166, 193-197, 199-202, 205,

208, 281, 320
kuprianski _ 253, 255.
loboda _ 507, 512
kurakini aleqsei _ 473
631
lomiZe _ 582 marRania jamuleT _ 284

lorTqifaniZe _ 280 marRania hasan _ 592, 597, 599
lorTqifaniZe daviT _ 364 marSania _ 387
lorTqifaniZe Teimuraz _ 447, 460, 461 marSania baTali bei _ 396, 592, 597
loficki _ 279 marSania zerefsu _ 283
luarsab batoniSvili _ 152 marSania misost _ 283
luarsabi _ 108 marSania saraluf _ 283, 389
lukianoviCi _ 158 marSaniebi _ 386
marxulia guram _ 14
marjaniSvili _ 560
m matuSeviCi _ 164
maqsvini _ 205
madaTovi valerian _ 403, 404, 405, 406, 407 maqsime (lixTimereTisa da afxazTa kaTolikos-
mazaroviCi semion _ 345, 398 patriarqi) _ 303
maideli 553, 554 maqsimeliSvili giorgi _ 377
mainovi nikifori _ 169 maqsimeliSvili mixeil _ 505
makuxini _ 519 maqsimi _ 586.
malazonia daviT _ 14 maRalaSvili _ 258
malibergi _ 413 maRalaSvili dimitri _ 448, 460, 462
mamaniSvili (qeduri) _ 265 maRalaSvili ninia _ 271
mamacaSvili gabriel _ 447, 460, 461 mayaSvili _ 117
mamacaSvili daviT _ 168, 176, 178 mayaSvili aleqsandre _ 93, 111, 112, 158
mamacaSvili ioseb _ 447, 459, 461 mayaSvili arsen _ 271
mamacaSvili saraTa _ 166 mayaSvili daviT _ 107
mamia V gurieli _ 185, 186, 187, 204, 205,216, mayaSvili iase _ 163, 171
218, 219, 234-237, 335, 336, 366, 374, 375, 376, mayaSvili ivane _ 275
377, 378,436, 500
mayaSvili ioseb _ 163, 271
mamuka batoniSvili (imereTisa) _ 381
mayaSvili oman _ 271
mamulaiSvili esika _ 526
mayaSvili svimon _ 111
mansurovi _ 122
maSakaSvili giorgi _ 506
mansurovi dudar _ 15
maSakaSvili rostom _ 506
maraCevski _ 390, 391
maCabeli _ 69
margiani grigol _ 14
maCabeli _ 401
maria dedofali (ruseTisa) _ 25, 27
maCabeli becia _ 58.
mariam dedofali (imereTisa) _ 229
maCabeli zaza _ 151, 152, 153
mariam dedofali (qarTl-kaxeTisa) _ 25, 33,42,
maCabeli ivane _ 257, 448, 460, 462
56, 69, 75, 103, 121, 122, 124, 129
maCabeli luarsab _ 146, 166.
mariam dedofali (guriisa) _ 185
maCabeli revaz _ 151, 152, 153
marine dedofali (guriisa) _ 206, 236
maCabeli svimon _ 447, 460, 462
marine _ 563
maCablebi _ 145, 146, 148, 239
markovi _ 157
maWavariani _ 176
markoziSvili (mRvdeli) _ 237
maWavariani levan _ 366
martini samuel _ 127
maWaraZe valerian _ 14
marRania kacia _ 390, 394
632
vaxtang guruli
maWutaZe _ 519 mileri _ 266

maWutaZe aleqsandre _ 282 miliutini dimitri _ 600.
maWutaZe daviT _ 282, 376, 377, 436 _ 441 mirian batoniSvili _ 26, 41, 57, 58, 62-66, 68,
maWutaZe nariman _ 436 126, 129
maxaraZe ivane grigolis Ze _ 527 mitrofane (beri) _ 285
maxaraZe ivane nikolozis Ze _ 527 miqava utu _ 497
maxaraZe ilia _ 14. miqaZeebi _ 575.
maxaraZe nikoloz _ 14. miqaZe nikoloz _ 577
maxaraZe filipe _ 6, 10, 11. miqelaZe _ 515
mahmud II _ 414 miqelaZe _ 522
mgalobliSvili paata _ 271. miqelaZe daviT _ 233, 372
mgelaZe daTika _ 504, 526 miqelaZe zurab _ 364
mella _ 149, 155, 158, 159. miqelaZe konstantine _ 579
mellini _ 356 miqelaZe (mRvdeli) _ 498
meliqiSvili _ 412, 413 miqelaZe qaixosro _ 364
meliqiSvili ioseb _ 147, 157 miqelaZe qaixosro _ 553, 554
meliqiSvili giorgi _ 14. miqelaZe jambul _ 364
meliqiSvili levan _ 539, 555 _ 559, 561, 562 miSCenko _ 359
meliqovi karxmaz _ 319 mixeil batoniSvili _ 68, 129
melnikovi andrei _ 447, 460, 462 mixeili (ninowmindeli mitropoliti) _ 300
menabde gogia _ 506 mixeil ServaSiZe _ 282, 336, 384, 389, 390, 391,
392, 393, 396, 439, 499, 550, 584, 587_603
menSikovi aleqsandr _ 538, 564
mixelaSvili nikoloz _ 111
meCnikovi evgraf _ 291, 335, 479-483
mixini _ 376, 377, 386, 387, 389
mehmedi (mola) _ 459
mnacakanovi _ 613.
memed ali bei _ 346
mogilianski _ 385
menSikovi aleqsandr _ 398, 399
mogilevski p. _ 222-225, 230, 276
merabi _ 375
moizo _ 211
merabovi (merabiSvili) _ 35, 38
monpere diubua _ 281, 282
mesxi sergei _ 6, 7, 8
montrezori _ 158.
mesxia SoTa _ 14
mouravisSvili zaqaria _ 107
mehTi II _ 359
mJavanaZe rostom _ 506
mehTi mirza _ 398
muraviovi nikolai _ 344, 345, 396, 401, 405,
mehTi yuli xani _ 344
408, 417, 418, 421, 430, 431 432,433, 501
mehmed ali bei _ 280
muraviovi nikolai (mefisnacvali) _ 564, 565,
mehmed ali xani _ 214 570_573, 584, 591
mehmed aRa _ 370 murvaniZe revaz _ 470
mehmed emini _ 237 murvaZe _ 114
mehmed emini _ 548 musin-puSkini apolos _ 42, 48, 50, 51, 72, 92,
mehmed xani _ 79, 137, 140. 96, 105, 115, 118 119, 205
mehmed faSa _ 208, 415, 417 mustafa aRa _ 217
mehmed hasani _ 132. mustafa zarif faSa _ 550, 551, 566, 592, 594,
mehmed hasan xani _ 397 598
miklaSevski _ 407, 420, 421 mustafa xani _ 35
633
musxeliSvili nikoloz _ 153 nesvetaevi piotr _ 164, 165, 208, 209

muSiri abdi faSa _ 544 nefedevi _ 484
muSribiSvili gogia _ 271 nexlebaevi sava _ 154
muxranbatonebi _ 148 nejeb yuli xani _ 246
muxranbatoni Teimuraz _ 145, 147, 157, 158 nikolai I _ 191, 192, 291, 295, 296 , 325, 398,
muxranbatoni ioane _ 25, 93 402, 404, 406, 414, 416, 435, 437, 439 441, 558,
465, 466, 482 _ 485, 488, 489, 491, 493, 497,
muxranbatoni konstantine _ 240, 257, 258, 259,
527, 538, 549, 591.
291
nikolo (kaTolike mRvdeli) _ 198
muhamed emini _ 567
nikolski _ 266
muhamed faSa _ 418, 419, 422
nikolaZe nikoloz(niko) _ 6, 7, 8
mWedliZe giorgi _ 14
nikolozi (dekanozi, gabaSvili) _ 220,223
mxeiZe _ 202
nikolozi(dekanozi) _ 109
mxeiZeebi _ 575
nikolozi (jumaTeli mitropoliti) _ 436
mxeiZe beJan _ 281, 282, 283, 381
nino dedofali (samegrelosi) _ 124, 167, 169,
mxeiZe giorgi _ 282, 381, 382
188, 198, 202, 282, 336, 379
ninoSvili egnate _ 6.
n niJaraZe rostom _ 211,217, 222
nageli _ 165 nodaraSvili _ 251
nadir Sahi _ 147 novicki _ 153, 161
nazarovi _ 545 noniaSvili beruka _ 381
nazRaiZe daTuna _ 156 noniaSvili gogia _ 381
nazRaiZe levan _ 149, 155 noniaSvili niko _ 381
nazRaiZis saxelo beri _ 156

naTaliSvili gogia _ 164
o
naTaliSvili gorjasp _ 58, 145, 146, 147 271
naTaliSvili grigol _ 146, 166 obreskovi _ 38
naTaliSvili guqa _ 271 ogarkovi _ 385
naTaliSvili daviT _ 447, 460, 462 ovanesi _ 139
naTaliSvili samson _ 272 ozereckovski iakov _ 457
naTaliSvili svimon _ 163 ozerovi _ 255
naTmelaZe mayvala _ 14 oTaraSvili gogia _ 251
nakaiZe aleqsandre _ 527 olxovski _ 537
nakaSiZeebi _ 186, 436 omar xani _ 23, 35, 41, 43-46, 59, 66
nakaSiZe giorgi _ 377, 436, 506, 509, 512 omer liufti faSa (mixailo latasi) _ 564-573,
nakaSiZe kacia _ 376 592, 598.
nakaSiZe lazare _ 440 onanaSvili aslan _ 271
nasirovi abuTarab mirza _ 63 onanaSvili ninia _ 271
nasiZe adam _ 470 onanaSvili oTar _ 256
naximovi pavel _ 539-564 onarevski _ 257
nebolsini piotr _ 213, 214 onufri (mRvdeli) _ 260
neidgardti aleqsandr _ 293, 296, 489, 503, 535 orbeliani _ 40
neselrode karl _ 280, 281, 327, 342, 343 348, orbeliani _ 79
388, 399, 434
634
vaxtang guruli
orbeliani _ 218, 219 paniutini _ 393

orbeliani _ 376 pankratievi nikita _ 406, 407, 424, 431, 432, 433
orbeliani aleqsandre giorgis Ze _ 447, 459, papaskiri zurab _ 14
461, 465, 466 paskeviCi ivan _ 191, 281, 282, 291, 320, 324,
orbeliani aleqsandre vaxtangis Ze _ 124, 444, 327,334, 392, 395, 403, 404, 406-411, 414-435,
445, 446, 448-453, 456, 457, 459, 461, 466 437, 438, 439, 440, 482, 483, 549, 550
orbeliani aslan _ 27, 122, 124 pauluCi filip _ 27,142, 214, 230, 232, 241,
orbeliani giorgi _ 166 243, 245, 248, 249, 250 252, 254, 255, 259, 260,
261, 272, 289, 331,333, 334, 338, 340, 345, 479,
orbeliani giorgi ilias Ze _ 563
480, 500
orbeliani grigol _ 285, 447,460, 461, 540_ 543
pauSenko dimitri _ 447, 452, 459, 461, 465, 466
orbeliani dimitri _ 443, 447, 455, 459, 461
pafnuti (arqiepiskoposi) _ 124, 161
orbeliani dimitri vaxtangis Ze _ 455
pacovski _ 394, 429
orbeliani dimitri _ 126, 134, 147, 154, 157,
pereiaslavcevi _ 115
185, 188, 189, 204, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220,
228, 229, 244, 262-267, 271, 282 pesteli andrei _ 359
orbeliani vaxtang _ 257 443, 446, 447, 449, 453, peCerski _ 215, 245, 264, 266
455, 459, 461, 465, 466 piotr I _ 98, 286
orbeliani vaxtang vaxtangis Ze _ 449 piSkini _ 512, 521
orbeliani zurab _ 147, 157 plaxotini _ 356
orbeliani Tamaz _ 147, 165, 252, 253 podlogi _ 252, 255
orbeliani TinaTin _ 563 povaliSini _ 246
orbeliani ivane _ 79,117 148, 163 pozeni mixail _ 485, 488, 489, 490
orbeliani ioane _ 95, 96, 103 112, 113, 125, 146 pokataevi _ 154
orbeliani luarsab _ 110, 257, 446, 447, 451, poliakovi _ 394, 395
452, 455, 459, 461, 465, 466 popovi _ 256
orbeliani mamuka _ 447, 451, 459, 461, 465, 466 portniagini semion _ 53, 74, 175, 207, 214, 243,
orbeliani manana _ 462 244-251, 255, 256, 25
orbeliani petre _ 147, 156 porfiri _ 242
orbeliani yaflan _ 267 potto vasili _ 9
orbeliani-bagrationi barbare _ 563 pribili _ 249
osman bei _ 439, 548 pribilovski _ 229
osman faSa _ 230, 432, 433 protopopovi _ 121, 125
osten-sakeni fon _ 419, 429 puzirevski ivan _ 340, 372, 375, 376
otto _ 209 puSkini _ 38
oqropir batoniSvili _ 443, 444, 446, 458, 459,
460
J
p
Jakote v. _ 470
pavel I _ 5, 23, 24, 27, 29-34, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43, Jilini _ 392
45, 47, 48, 51-57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67-72,
Jordania givi _ 14
74, 75, 77, 81, 83, 87, 88, 89, 93, 94, 119, 292,
297, 313, 331, 332 Jordania noe _ 6, 7
paiWaZe giorgi _ 114 Jordania oTar _ 14
pamfilovi _ 569 Jordania omar aRa _ 235

Juruli Salva _ 166
635
r saginaSvili revaz _ 271

savelievi _ 80
raevski nikolai _ 417, 427, 433 saiTiZe gela _ 14
razmaZe solomon _ 447, 459, 461, 465, 466 salome farnavazis asuli _ 447, 460, 462
rakoci _ 388 samuka _ 149
ramid faSa _ 548 samxaraia nikoloz _ 382
ramiSvili gabriel _ 284 sarajiSvili _ 319
ramiSvili iesela _ 284 sardula faSa _ 548
ramiSvili isidore _ 6 seid suleiman faSa _ 283
ratiani prokofi _ 14 selim faSa (ximSiaSvili) _ 204, 205, 211, 217,
readi nikolai _ 550, 590, 591, 592. 227, 235, 236, 237, 243, 28
reihi _ 15, 80, 472 selim faSa _ 551, 554, 555
reuti iosif _ 228, 340 selim xani _ 140, 344
rexviaSvili mixeil _ 14 serafimoviCi _ 354
rizenko _ 249 sergi (somexi episkoposi) _ 68
rikhofi ion _ 188, 205, 208, 209-213, 282 sergiaSvili mixeil _ 285
rozanulovi _ 462 serebriakovi lazar _ 396, 593
rozeni grigori _ 229, 291, 295, 320, 334, 395, serim faSa _ 548
441, 452, 457, 458, 460, 482, 483, 484 sefer ali bei (giorgi) ServaSiZe _ 187, 188,
romanovi mixail nikolozis Ze _ 9, 499, 580, 189,190, 216, 217, 218, 220,235, 336, 383
581. sexniaSvili zurab _ 377, 382
rostom bei _ 387 sexniaSvili zurab qaixosros Ze _ 377
rostom dadaS bei _ 413 sexniaSvili qaixosro _ 381
rostopCini fiodor _ 30, 31, 52, 53, 61, 64, 70 svaniZe vaxtang _ 381
rtiSCevi nikolai _ 232, 234, 237, 243, 247, 248, sviatopolk-mirski dimitri _ 599_604.
261-265, 267, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 282, 285,
svimon III gurieli _ 185, 218
289, 312, 331, 334, 337, 338, 344, 345, 347,
351, 383, 474, 480, 500 sidamon-erisTavi beJan _ 470
rubauTi franc _ 409 sidamoniSvili ioseb _ 255
rubcovi _ 569 simborski andrei _ 508, 509
rumiancevi nikolai _ 187, 188, 227, 267, 313 simoniCi _ 354
rusiSvili ninia _ 271 simonovi _ 568, 570
simonoviCi fiodor _ 71, 80, 103, 111, 189, 218,
219, 221, 224, 225, 228, 230, 231, 234, 235,
237, 240, 243, 244, 266, 269, 270, 271, 282,
s 334, 340
sioriZe malxaz _ 14
saakaZe _ 471
sipiagini nikolai _ 282, 284, 406, 416, 437, 439
sabud faSa _ 80
sisoevi vasili _ 366, 367, 368
saginaSvili _ 225
siuzane _ 488
saginaSvili glaxa _ 271
skaloni aleqsandr _ 516
saginaSvili dimitri _ 271
smelovski _ 547
saginaSvili zurab _ 258
sokolovi _ 356
savarsamiZe konstantine _ 165, 280, 340, 399,
sokolovi _ 559
400, 401, 405
sokolovi aleqsandr _ 101, 103, 117, 167, 170,
636
vaxtang guruli
172, 173, 174, 346 talizini fiodor _ 154-157, 159, 161

soleniusi karl _ 106, 108, 131 taniaSvili beJan _ 163
solomoni _ 109 tarasi (mRvdel-monazoni) _ 447, 460, 462
solomon I _ 278, 287, 366, 372 tarasovi _ 97, 155, 157 165, 211
solomon II _ 60, 66, 69, 79, 94, 113, 167-186, tariel batoniSvili (imereTisa) _ 381
194-197, 200-208, 210-213, 215-231, 233-236, tatiSvili _ 375
243, 245, 288, 292, 303, 334
tatiSCevi _ 179
sonRulaSvili avTandil _ 14
tima v. _ 609.
sorokini _ 250, 251, 255
timoTe (mitropoliti) _ 93
sofio dedofali (guriisa) _ 282, 335, 428, 436,
timoTe (mitropoliti) _ 155
437, 438, 439, 440, 500
titovi _ 228, 351, 352, 371
sofroni (nikorwmindeli mTavarepiskoposi) _
220, 223 371 titovi nikolai _ 244
speranski mixail _ 356 tixanovski _ 257, 265, 266, 269, 270
stali karl _ 239, 240, 250, 256, 258, 262, 263, tixocki _ 228
264, 269, 270, 338, 340, 384 tolubeevi _ 546, 547
stepanovi _ 245, 256, 260, 355 tormasovi aleqsandr _ 189, 213, 214, 215, 216,
stepanovi _ 505 218, 219, 220-231, 233-241, 243, 244, 245, 248,
250, 272, 278, 282, 289, 303, 304, 305, 306,
sterlingovi _ 394
307,308, 331, 333, 334, 338, 345, 383, 473, 500
stefane (rusTavis mTavarepiskoposi, mit-
triteleviCi danila _ 457
ropoliti ninowmindisa da mTavarepiskopo-
si rusTavisa) _ 252, 255, 260, 300, 302 tusiSvili _ 15
stroganovi grigori _ 279 tuSCi oRli _ 348, 428
sturua nikoloz _ 14 tuCkovi sergei _ 53, 71, 94, 95, 110, 113, 114,
115, 119, 123, 124, 125, 138, 170, 183, 194
suleimani _ 36
tyeSelaSvili levan _ 14
suleiman faSa _ 41
tyeSelaSvili SoSita _ 381, 382
suleiman faSa xaznadar oRlu _ 237
sulxaniSvili paata zaraspis Ze _ 107, 163, 271
sumbaTaSvili luarsab _ 147, 157
u
surgulaZe abel _ 14
surgulaZe akaki _ 14
umaneci _ 535
surgunovi mikirtum _ 123, 470.
umancevi _ 125
surokovi _ 123
untile amilei _ 406
suxozaneti ivan _ 599.
urakovi afanasi _ 31
suxtelen pavel fon _ 407
uslari piotr _ 565, 566, 585.
suhodolski ianuare _ 420
uSakovi _ 245, 257, 259
suhrai xani _ 133
f
t
fadeevi _ 535
tabiZe nodar _ 14
fadiuri _ 156
tabunSCikovi _ 349, 350
favleniSvili arCil _ 58
taiar faSa _ 207
favleniSvili Teimuraz _ 58
taliaSvili grigol _ 447, 460, 461
637
favleniSvili revaz _ 58 qobuliSvili _ 413

falavandiSvili _ 178, 440 qobuliSvili _ 546
falavandiSvili elizbar _ 23, 49, 52-55, 59-63, qobuliSvili _ 559, 561, 562
72, 75, 94 qobuliSvili gogia _ 163, 271
falavandiSvili iase _ 445, 446, 451, 452, 456, qobuliSvili daviT _ 107, 109, 111, 158
458, 459, 461
qobuliSvili dimitri _ 271
falavandiSvili nikoloz _ 449, 453, 457
qobuliSvili evgeni _ 163
farnavaz batoniSvili _ 23, 26, 46, 47, 48, 57,
qobuliSvili Tamaz _ 109, 111, 163
59, 62, 64, 69, 71, 72, 96, 102, 113, 121, 125,
127, 145, 146, 147 149, 150-154, 162-166, 174, qobuliSvili ioseb _ 163
176, 195, 196, 203, 238, 442 qobuliSvili oTar _ 255, 256
farhad bei _ 439 qobuliSvili svimon _ 107, 108, 109, 111, 163
faRava aleqsandre _ 572 qorqia buWua _ 382
feThi ali Sahi (baba xani) _ 23, 29, 34, 35, 36,38, qosa-mustafa _ 447, 460, 461
39, 66, 93, 113, 138, 139, 140, 210, 215, 264, qoCiaSvili miron _ 14
342, 344, 345, 397, 398, 399
felicini e.d. _ 9
feofilaqti (arqiepiskoposi) _ 351, 352, 361,
R
363-366, 367, 371, 378, 379, 382
ferhad bei _ 419
Ralib faSa _ 415,416, 417
ferhad faSa _ 572
Rlonti daTo _ 527
filadelfosi _ (berdiakoni) _ 446, 447, 450,
RoRoberiZe _ 506
459, 466
firsovi _ 157
fircxalaiSvili aleqsandre _ 12
y
frederiqsi _ 433
freigati arkadi _ 547
yadim naRdai oRli _ 447, 460, 461
freimani _ 217
yazbegi gabriel _ 148, 150 155, 158, 159 160,
257, 259 269
yazbegi giorgi _ 124
q
yazi muhamedi _ 541, 543, 559
qadagiZe levan _ 377, 382 yara bei _ 208
qaixosro _ 230 yara ibrahimi _ 557
qananovi _ 153, 154, 165 yarangoziSvili grigol _ 159
qarTveliSvili daviT _ 256 yaflaniSvili qeTevan _ 121.
qarTveliSvili oTar _ 255 yaflaniSvili yaflan _ 256
qarumiZe giorgi _ 146 yifianebi _ 363
qarumiZe grigol _ 166 yifiani dimitri _ 446, 447, 459, 580, 593_597.
qarcivaZe gogia _ 512 yorRanovi _ 327
qarcivaZe svimon _ 503, 526 yorRanovi _ 545
qeTevan batoniSvili _ 120 yorRanovi gabriel _ 470
qeleS mehmed bei ServaSiZe _ 187, 189, 207, 209, yorRanovi zaal _ 447, 460, 461
216, 217, 281, 383 yorCibaSvili baram _ 163
qehai oRli _ 428 yorCibaSvili glaxa _ 163
638
vaxtang guruli
yorCibaSvili daviT _ 163 392, 393, 394, 447, 460

yorCibaSvili dimitri _ 163 Serif bei _ 548
yurban sadu oRli _ 451 Serif faSa(jayeli) _ 79, 80, 219, 220, 225 227,
yurban yamCi oRli _ 451 232, 235 236, 237, 240 241, 243, 244, 245, 246,
259
Sefi mirza _ 346
S Sewiruli iase _ 526
SveliZe dimitri _ 14
SaburiSvili Sabur _ 157 Sigolevi _ 155
SalikaSvilebi _ 504 Six alia _ 457
SalikaSvili ambako _ 377, 519 Six ali xani _ 359
SalikaSvili biWia _ 436 Skliarevski _ 569
SalikaSvili ioseb _ 58 Smatovi _ 262
Samili (muhamed tahir al karahi) _ 539-544, SCedrini _ 513, 514
555_559 SCelkaCevi _ 229
SaraZe giorgi _ 14 SCerbakovi _ 545
SaraZe guram _ 14
SatberaSvili filipe _ 271
C
Satilovi pavel _ 604
Saxovski _ 191,192
CantlaZe ivane _ 284
Sahnazarovi _ 413
Cartoriski adam _ 84, 89, 140, 148, 181, 193,
Seix ali xani _ 140 201, 204, 205, 320
Sepelevi _ 506, 507 Cebolauri papuna _ 155, 159, 160
ServaSiZe aleqsandre _ 284, 384 Cevkini konstantin _ 457, 458
ServaSiZe aleqsandre _ 395 Cernikovi _ 506, 507, 508
ServaSiZe aleqsandre dimitris Ze _ 592, 599. CerniSevi aleqsandr _ 296, 457, 458, 460, 463,
ServaSiZe ali bei _ 389, 391, 394, 583. 488, 489, 503
ServaSiZe arslan bei _ 187, 188, 189, 217, 383, CerqeziSvili barZim _ 271
386, 387, 388, 389, 392, 394, 594, 597. CerqeziSvili givi _ 112, 163
ServaSiZe baTali bei _ 187, 190 CerqeziSvili ivane _ 272
ServaSiZe beJan _ 187 CerqeziSvili ioane _ 112
ServaSiZe grigol _ 566, 591, 592, 593, 597, 599. CerqeziSvili konstantine _ 109, 112
ServaSiZe dimitri _ 395, 566, 568, 569 CerqeziSvili nikoloz _ 112
ServaSiZe dimitri dimitris Ze _ 593, 595. CerqeziSvili ninia _ 109, 112, 271
ServaSiZe Tamar _ 447, 460, 462 CerqeziSvili ninia nikolozis Ze _ 271
ServaSiZe konstantine _ 384, 447, 460, 462 CerqeziSvili ramaz _ 112
ServaSiZe manuCar _ 189, 216, 235 CerqeziSvili solomon _ 112
ServaSiZe manuCar _ 395 CerqeziSvili firan _ 153
ServaSiZe rusudan(adilxan) _ 583. CerqeziSvili Cerqez _ 271
ServaSiZe soslan bei _ 235 CinCabaZe maTia _ 526
ServaSiZe taiar bei _ 392 CinCabaZe nikoloz _ 527
ServaSiZe quCuk bei _ 188, 189, 209, 216, 217, Ciqovani _ 195
220,235
Ciqovani giorgi _ 336
ServaSiZe hasan bei _ 190, 281, 383, 384, 385, 386,
Ciqovani daviT _ 576.
639
CijavaZe _ 280 cioy (nikoloz) dadeSqeliani _ 190, 191, 192,

CijavaZe _ 548 336, 583, 584, 587.
CokaSvili daviT _ 271 cicianovi pavel _ 101, 103, 118, 120, 121, 123,
124-141, 143, 146-155, 157, 158, 159, 161-163,
ColoyaSvili (xarWaSneli mTavarepiskoposi,
165, 167, 168, 169, 174, 176-187, 190, 193-205,
mitropoliti) _ 25, 107
207, 216, 220, 282, 288, 289, 293, 300, 301,
ColoyaSvili _ 558 302, 303, 331,320,321, 333, 338, 340, 343, 344,
ColoyaSvili abel _ 163, 254 398, 402, 471, 472, 473, 500
ColoyaSvili aleqsandre _ 443, 447, 458, 460, ciciSvili _ 128
462 ciciSvili giorgi _ 40
ColoyaSvili ekaterine _ 271 ciciSvili daviT _ 122
ColoyaSvili ioane _ 78, 93 ciciSvili elizbar _ 58
ColoyaSvili ioseb _ 163, 271 ciciSvili estate _ 93
ColoyaSvili giorgi _ 107 ciciSvili zaqaria _ 462
ColoyaSvili grigol _ 163 ciciSvili ivane _ 341, 350
ColoyaSvili daviT _ 121 cicka _ 258
ColoyaSvili dimitri _ 107, 113, 163, 271 cixisTavi luka _ 14
ColoyaSvili durmiSxan _ 107, 158 cixisTaviSvili giorgi _ 156
ColoyaSvili zaqaria _ 446, 447, 451, 454, 457, cxakaia mixa _ 6
460, 461, 465, 466
ColoyaSvili Tadia _ 262, 271, 447, 460, 462
ColoyaSvili nikoloz _ 271 Z
ColoyaSvili oman _ 163, 271
ColoyaSvili qaixosro _ 93, 113 ZiZaria giorgi _ 14
CubinaSvili nikoloz (niko) _ 50 ZmanaSvili abraam _ 251
Cqareuli TaTara _ 155, 159, 160
CxaiZe gabriel _ 504
CxartiSvili gabriel _ 377 w
CxartiSvili sandro _ 14
CxataraiSvili buCa _ 527 wereTeli _ 287
CxataraiSvili qveli _ 13 wereTeli _ 513, 517, 518, 524
CxeiZe beJan _ 365 wereTeli akaki _ 6, 7, 8
CxeiZe grigol _ 366, 372 wereTeli beJan _ 364, 371, 372
CxeiZe nikoloz (karlo) _ 6 wereTeli beri _ 225
Cxetia Salva _ 12 wereTeli giorgi _ 6, 7, 8
wereTeli grigol _ 233 366, 368, 370
wereTeli zurab _ 121, 172, 173, 175, 185 202,
c 211, 212, 215, 216, 218, 219, 223, 225, 228, 231
232, 233, 241 334, 364, 366, 368, 370, 371, 380,
438
cebrikovi _ 452
wereTeli svimon _ 202, 225, 232, 233
ceraZe (mRvdeli) _ 351
wereTeli svimon _ 568
cercvaZe mixeil _ 14
wereTeli qaixosro _ 121, 172-175, 181-185,194,
cecxlaZe ali aRa _ 237 195, 222, 223, 225, 23
cimakuriZe svimon _ 272 wereTlebi _ 226
cimermani _ 547
640
vaxtang guruli
wulukiZeebi _ 363, 373 WanturiZe _ 278

wulukiZe giorgi 121, 363 WanturiZe Tevdore _ 278
wulukiZe giorgi _ 373 WanturiZe mariam _ 278
wulukiZe daviT _ 121 Wilaev e.g. _ 276, 356, 361
wulukiZe zurab _ 373 WilaSvili (Wilaevi) giorgi (iagor) _ 449, 456
wulukiZe levan _ 364, 373 WilaZe _ 511
wulukiZe merab _ 373 WilaZe glaxa _ 112, 114
wulukiZe paata _ 523 WilaZe faremuz _ 148, 149, 470
wulukiZe rostom _ 172, 182, 183 WubaZe nikoloz _ 103
wulukiZe sexnia _ 181, 185, 198, 222, 223, 225, Wyonia buWua _ 377
233, 366, 372 Wyonia eliSuxu _ 441
wulukiZe siko _ 569 Wyonia svimon _ 503, 526
W x
WavWavaZe _ 79 xadirbekovi _ 103

WavWavaZe aleqsandre _ 116, 166, 327, 411, 423 - 427, xandamirovi _ 560
444, 446, 447, 448, 456, 457, 458, 460, 462 xaritonovi _ 554
WavWavaZe aleqsandre daviTis Ze _ 563 xaWapuriZe (peraSkovi) giorgi _ 10, 11
WavWavaZe garsevan _ 29, 30, 31, 33 35, 49-53, 55, xelaSvili (dekanozi) _ 108, 122, 124
61, 63, 94, 102, 107, 112, 113, 116, 117, 120
xerxeuliZeebi _ 145, 146, 148
WavWavaZe giorgi _ 107
xerxeuliZe zaza _ 58
WavWavaZe grigol _ 109
xerxeuliZe oman _ 93
WavWavaZe daviT _ 559_563
xerxeuliZe jamasp _ 58
WavWavaZe dimitri _ 271
ximSiaSvili avdi bei _ 430
WavWavaZe elene _ 563
ximSiaSvili ahmed bei _ 280, 349, 428, 429,430,
WavWavaZe zurab _ 163 431, 438
WavWavaZe Tamar _ 563 xirseli Teodosi _ 146
WavWavaZe ivane _ 107 xitrovo _ 560
WavWavaZe ivane _ 559 xoveni egor _ 352, 356
WavWavaZe ilia _ 6, 7, 8 xolini _ 537
WavWavaZe ioseb _ 107, 109, 111, 470 xomeriki manana _ 14
WavWavaZe lidia _ 563 xomutovi _ 387
WavWavaZe mariam _ 563 xorava beJan _ 14
WavWavaZe merab _ 107 xorJevski _ 165
WavWavaZe merab _ 110, 111 xotebaSvili beruka _ 381
WavWavaZe nikoloz _ 554 xunaSvili gogia _ 251
WavWavaZe nino _ 411, 563 xunaSvili lazare _ 251
WavWavaZe paata _ 109, 112, 271 xundaZe simon _ 7, 11
WavWavaZe salome _ 563 xundaZe trifon _ 14
WavWavaZe svimon _ 271 xuciSvili iason _ 14
WavWavaZe-bagrationi ana _ 563 xuxunaiSvili esika _ 527
641
j jiblaZe esika _ 526

jiblaZe maxarobel _ 526
javaxiSvili vaxuSti _ 470 jiblaZe silibistro _ 6
javaxiSvili ivane _ 7, 10, 11 jimSeriSvili daviT _ 145
javad xani _ 34, 36, 44, 136 jologua Tamaz _ 14
janaSia simon _ 11 joraSvili yaraman _ 157
jandieri biZina _ 163 jorbenaZe maqsime _ 527
jandieri giorgi _ 553, 554 jorjaZe arCil _ 7
jandieri grigol _ 163, 271 jorjaZe giorgi _ 107
jandieri dimitri _ 163 jorjaZe grigol _ 107
jandieri ediSer _ 271 jorjaZe daviT _ 271, 447, 460, 461
jandieri efrem _ 112 jorjaZe dimitri _ 271
jandieri zurab _ 112 jorjaZe zaqaria _ 126
jandieri ivane _ 163, 165 jorjaZe zurab _ 107
jandieri ioseb _ 116 jorjaZe ivane _ 263, 271
jandieri kikola _ 109 jorjaZe nodar _ 271
jandieri konstantine _ 112 jorjaZe noSrevan _ 271
jandieri luarsab _ 109, 112, 163 junarisZe _ 155
jandieri ninia _ 271 juRaSvili ioseb _ 7
jandieri oman _ 163
jandieri otia _ 163
jandieri paata _ 255 h
jandieri revaz _ 107
haine _ 252, 255
janieri roseb _ 109, 112
hasan ali mirza _ 410
jandieri svimon _ 163, 271
hasan bei muti oRli _ 448
jandieri spiridon _ 163
hasan xani _ 359
jandieri fridon _ 107
hasan xani _ 408
jandieri Wandar _ 271
haqsthauzeni avgust franc ludvig _ 284
jandierisSvili daviT _ 107
haji ahmed efendi _ 393
jandierisSvili oman _ 107,112
haji ahmed faSa _ 548
janeliZe oTar _ 14
haji berzeki kurentux _ 592, 597
jafariSvili grigol _ 381, 382
haji ibrahim xani _ 34
jafariSvili zurab _ 381
haji samih faSa _ 388
jafariZe anania _ 15
haji suleiman faSa _ 392, 393
jafariZeebi _ 363
haji husien oRli _ 451
jafar yuli xani _ 35, 344
hesse karl _ 191, 393, 394, 395, 427, 428, 429,
jayeli aleqsandre _ 504
438, 439, 440
jayeli giorgi _ 441
hofmani _ 432
jemal ed dini _ 564
husein yuli xani _ 141, 142, 268, 398
jiblaZe gogia _ 526
642
sarCevi
Sesavali (periodizacia. istoriografia) ....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................5
§1. saqarTvelos axali istoriis periodizacia (1801-1918) .........................................
.........................................5
§2. saqarTvelos axali istoriis (1801-1918) istoriografia ......................................
......................................9
Tavi I. saqarTvelos teritoria, mosaxleoba, socialuri struqtura ...................................... 16

§1. saqarTvelos teritoria da mosaxleoba ................................................................
................................................................16
16
§2. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis socialuri struqtura ...............................................
...............................................19
19
Tavi II. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba ruseTis imperiis mier (1798-1801) ............................. 23
§1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis momzadeba (1798-1800) ......................................
......................................23
23
§2. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba (1800-1801) ..........................................................
..........................................................56
56
Tavi III. rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba qarTl-kaxeTSi (1802 w.) ................................................ 90

§1. dokumentebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo rusuli mmarTvelobiss damyarebas
qarTl-kaxeTSi ............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................90
90
§2. 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestis gamocxadeba TbilisSi ..................................................................93
93
§3. saqarTvelos uzenaesi mTavrobis dafuZneba .........................................................
.........................................................95
95
§4. rusuli mmarTvelobis pirveli xanebi qarTl-kaxeTSi .........................................
.........................................96
96
Tavi IV. dakarguli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis dasawyisi. politikuri

gamosvla kaxeTSi 1802 wels................................................................................................................ 102
§1.
1. pirveli
irveli nabijebi saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis gzaze.............. 102
§2. ruseTis xelisuflebis RonisZiebani viTarebis gansamuxtavad ......................... 104
§3. politikuri gamosvla kaxeTSi 1802 wels ............................................................. 106
§4. vaxtang batoniSvilis dapatimreba ....................................................................... 113
§5. garsevan WavWavaZis dabruneba ruseTidan ............................................................ 116
Tavi V. saqarTvelo pavel cicianovis mmarTvelobis periodSi (1802-1806 ww.) ..................... 118
§1. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrebis gadasaxleba ruseTSi ........................... 118
§2 mariam dedoflisa da misi Svilebis gadasaxleba ruseTSi. general ivan
lazarevis mkvleloba. ............................................................................................. 121
§3. darejan dedoflis gadasaxleba ruseTSi ............................................................ 125
§4. pavel cicianovis ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo
politika ................................................................................................................... 127
§5. general vasili guliakovis samxedro eqspediciebi War-belaqanSi (1803-
1084 ww.) ..................................................................................................... 131
Tavi VI. ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 wlebis omi da saqarTvelo............................................................

saqarTvelo............................................................ 135
§1. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1804-1805 wlebSi .............................................................. 135
§2. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1805 wels .......................................................................... 140
§3. pavel cicianovis mkvleloba ................................................................................. 141
643
Tavi VII. 1804 wlis ajanyeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi................................................
mTianeTSi................................................ 143
§1 ajanyebis mizezebi da dasawyisi ............................................................................. 143
§2. ajanyebis msvleloba 1804 wlis zafxulsa da Semodgomaze ............................... 154
§3. ajanyebis damarcxeba. ajanyebis mniSvneloba.......................................................
mniSvneloba....................................................... 164
Tavi VIII. imereTis samefos, samegrelos, guriis, afxazeTisa da svaneTis samTavroebis

Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi (1803-1810 ww.) ................................................... 167
§1. samegrelos samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi ................... 167
§2. imereTis samefos Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi ............................ 170
§3. guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi............................
qveSevrdomobaSi............................ 185
§4. afxazeTis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi ...................... 187
§5. svaneTis samTavros (sadadeSqeliano svaneTis) Sesvla ruseTis imperiis
qveSevrdomobaSi ....................................................................................................... 190
Tavi IX. imereTis samefo, samegrelosa da guriis samTavroebi ruseTis imperiis

qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg ..................................................................................................... 193
§1. imereTis samefo da samegrelos samTavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi
Sesvlis pirvel xanebSi (1803-1805 ww.) ................................................................... 193
§2. guriis samTavro ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg (1804-1805 ww.) 204
Tavi X. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis omis dasawyisi imereTis samefos gauqmeba.

guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi ......................................... 207
§1. imereTis mefis solomon II-is brZola ruseTis qveSevrdomobidan gamosvlisaTvis. 207
§2. rusuli mmarTvelobis damyareba imereTSi .......................................................... 231
§3. guriis samTavros Sesvla ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi............................
qveSevrdomobaSi............................ 234
Tavi XI. 1810 wlis ajanyeba Sida qarTlSi ................................................................................................ 238
Tavi XII. ruseT-osmaleTis 1806-1812 wlebis da ruseT-iranis 1804-1813 wlebis omebis

dasasruli. saqarTvelos istoriuli teritoriis sakiTxi gulisTanisa da
buqarestis zavebSi ................................................................................................................................. 243
Tavi XIII. 1812 wlis ajanyeba kaxeTSi ........................................................................................................... 248

§1. ajanyebis mizezebi da dasawyisi ............................................................................ 248
§2. ajanyebis pirveli etapi (1812 wlis Tebervali-aprili) .................................... 255
§3. ajanyebis meore etapi (1812 wlis aprili-noemberi). ........................................... 262
Tavi XIV. daviT batoniSvilis werilebi saqarTvelos ukeTesi mowyobis Sesaxeb ................ 275
Tavi XV. tyveTa syidva saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis pirveli mesamedi) .................................... 278
Tavi XVI. ruseTis koloniuri politika saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis pirveli naxevari) 286
§1. tradiciuli qarTuli socialuri sistemis ngreva ............................................ 286
644
§2. saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba
(1809-1814 ww.) ....................................................................................................... 297
§3. savaWro da sabaJo politika (XIX saukunis pirveli mesamedi) ............................ 312
§4. ruseTis imperiis demografiuli politika saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis pirveli
mesamedi).................................................................................................................... 320
Tavi XVII. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema saqarTveloSi (XIX saukunis pirveli

mesamedi) ......................................................................................................................................... 331
§1. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema qarTl-kaxeTSi .................................................... 331
§2. rusuli mmarTveloba dasavleT saqarTveloSi ................................................... 334
Tavi XVIII. aleqsei ermolovi kavkasiaSi. kavkasiis didi omebis dasawyisi...............................

dasawyisi............................... 337
§1. aleqsei ermolovis moRvaweobis dasawisi kavkasiaSi .......................................... 337
§2. kavkasiis didi omebis dasawyisi ............................................................................ 356
Tavi XIX. 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyeba imereTSi, guriasa da samegreloSi ................................... 361
§1.
1. 1819-1820 wlebis imereTis ajanyebis mizezebi. mRelvarebis dasawyisi ........... 361
§2. mRelvarebis mizezebSi garkvevis mcdeloba da mis CasaxSobad gatarebuli
RonisZiebani ............................................................................................................ 367
§3. mRelvarebis gaZliereba imereTSi ........................................................................ 370
§4. ajanyeba guriisa da samegrelos samTavroebSi .................................................... 374
§5. ajanyeba imereTSi ................................................................................................... 380
Tavi XX. afxazeTis samTavro XIX saukunis 10-50-ian wlebSi

wlebSi...........................................................
........................................................... 383
§1. afxazeTis samTavro XIX saukunis 10-20-ian wlebSi ............................................. 383
§2. ajanyeba ajxazeTSi ................................................................................................. 386
§3. ruseTis imperiis damkvidreba afxazeTSi (1830 w.) .............................................. 392
§4. samurzayano da webelda XIX saukunis 10-50-ian wlebSi ...................................... 395
Tavi XXI. ruseT-iranis 1826-1828 wlebis omi da saqarTvelo ......................................................... 397

§1. ruseT-iranis urTierToba omis win...................................................................... 397
§2. omis msvleloba 1826 zafxulsa da Semodgomaze ................................................. 400
§3. omis msvleloba 1827 wels. omis dasasruli ........................................................ 405
Tavi ,XXII. ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis omi da saqarTvelo ............................................. 414

§1. ruseTisa da osmaleTis mzadeba omisaTvis. omis dasawyisi ............................... 414
§2. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1828 wels .......................................................................... 417
§3. sabrZolo moqmedebebi 1829 wels. omis dasasruli ............................................. 427
Tavi XXIII. guriis samTavros gauqmeba ....................................................................................................... 436

§1. guriis samTavro mamia V gurielis gardacvalebis Semdeg ................................. 436
§2. viTareba guriis samTavroSi ruseT-osmaleTis 1828-1829 wlebis omis dawyebis
Semdeg ....................................................................................................................... 437
§3. guriis samTavros gauqmeba .................................................................................... 439
645
Tavi XXIV. 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba .................................................................................................................. 442
§1. SeTqmulebis Casaxva. pirveli SeTqmulebi ........................................................... 442
§2. SeTqmulTa organizaciis Semadgenloba ............................................................... 445
§3. SeTqmulTa programa, wesdeba da taqtika ............................................................ 449
§4. ajanyebis gegma ........................................................................................................ 453
§5. SeTqmulebis gacema, saqmis gamoZieba, sasamarTlo procesi da ganaCeni .......... 456
Tavi XXV. saqarTvelos qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba (XIX saukunis damdegi - 40-iani
wlebis damdegi) ........................................................................................................................................ 469
§1. qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba XIX saukunis damdegidan 20-iani wlebis bolomde.. 469
§2. qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba XIX saukunis 30-iani wlebis damdegidan 40-iani
wlebis damdegamde ................................................................................................... 47
476
Tavi XXVI. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistemis reforma saqarTveloSi (1840-1864 ww.) ............ 479
§1. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistemis gardaqmnis cdebi (XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebi) 479
§2. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistemis gardaqmna (XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebi) ......... 484
§3. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema mixail voroncovis mefisnacvlobis periodSi
(1844-1854 ww.) ....................................................................................................... 491
§4. rusuli mmarTvelobis sistema aleqsandr bariatinskis mefisnacvlobis
periodSi (1856-1862 ww.) .......................................................................................... 493
§ 5. XIX saukunis 40-60-iani wlebis administraciuli mmarTvelobis reforma
imereTSi, guriaSi, samegrelosa da afxazeTSi...................................................... 495
Tavi XXVII. 1841 wlis ajanyeba guriaSi ...................................................................................................... 500

§1. ajanyebis mizezebi da dasawyisi ............................................................................ 500
§2 ajanyebis pirveli etapi (1841 wlis maisi-ivnisi) ................................................. 505
§3. ajanyebis meore etapi (1841 wlis ivlisi _ agvisto)........................................... 509
§4. ajanyebis mesame etapi (1841 wlis agvistos bolo da seqtembris damdegi) ...... 518
§5. ajanyebis damarcxeba .............................................................................................. 520
Tavi XXVIII. qarTveli glexoba batonymobis gauqmebamde (XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebis
damdegamde) ...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................528
528
§1. saxelmwifo glexebi ................................................................................................ 528
§1.
§2. sabatono glexebi ................................................................................................... 531
§3. saeklesio glexebi .................................................................................................. 533
§4. saeklesio miwebis saxelmwifo uwyebisaTvis gadacema ........................................ 534
Tavi XXIX. yirimis omi da saqarTvelo (1853-1856 ww.) .......................................................................... 538

§1. Samilis jarebis SemoWra War-belaqanSi yirimis omis dawyebamde (1853 wlis
agvisto-seqtemberi) ................................................................................................. 540
§2. omis dasawyisi. sabrZolo moqmedebebi saqarTveloSi ........................................ 544
§3. imam Samilis jarebis SemoWra kaxeTSi (1854 wlis ivlisi) .................................. 555
§4. omer faSas samxedro eqspedicia saqarTveloSi ................................................. 564
646
Tavi XXX. samegrelos, svaneTisa da afxazeTis samTavroebis gauqmeba (1857-1864 ww.)........ 574
§1. samegrelos samTavros gauqmeba. ........................................................................... 574
§2 svaneTis samTavros gauqmeba .................................................................................. 583
§3 afxazeTis samTavros gauqmeba ................................................................................ 587
Tavi XXXI. saqarTvelos qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba (XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis
damdegi - 60-iani wlebis Sua xanebi) ............................................................................................... 605
§1 qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba 1840-1844 wlebSi ................................................ 605
§2. qalaqebi da saqalaqo cxovreba XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan 60-
iani wlebis Sua xanebamde ........................................................................................ 607
danarTebi ................................................................................................................................................................ 619
pirTa saZiebeli ................................................................................................................................................... 621
647
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa Tamar stefnaZe
daibeWda:
gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47.
239-15-22
E-mail: meridiani777@gmail.com

საქართველოს ახალი ისტორია (1801-1918) - წ. I

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საქართველოს ახალი ისტორია (1801-1918) - წ. I

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saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis

saqarTvelos axali istoria

gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~

naSromis gamosacemad momzadebaSi monawileobdnen: irine tabataZe

redaqtori: profesori sergo vardosaniZe

recenzentebi: istoriis doqtori levan jiqia

© vaxtang guruli, 2017

© gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~

НОВАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ГРУЗИИ

© Вахтанг Гурули,, 2017

© ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО “ГРУЗИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ”

ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО “ГРУЗИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ”

NEW HISTORY OF GEORGIA

© Vakhtang Guruli,, 2017

© PUBLISHING HOUSE “GEORGIAN

PUBLISHING HOUSE “GEORGIAN

§1. saqarTvelos axali istoriis periodizacia cielda qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis likvi-

vebs) araviTari dasi ar CamouyalibebiaT, miT erovnul moZraobaSi rCebodnen da moZraobis

epoqis erovnuli moZraobis damaxasiaTebeli orcielebisaTvis gegmazomieri, gaazrebuli

romelmac safuZveli daudo saqarTvelos xsenebuli naSromi dRemde samagido wignad

`dasavleT saqarTvelo XIX saukunis pirvel metad mniSvnelovani gamokvleva Seqmna

rTvelos eklesiis istoriis gareSe, konkre- es problemebi gamokvleuli iqna mit-

Tavi I. saqarTvelos teritoria, mosaxleoba, socialuri struqtura

§1. saqarTvelos teritoria da mosaxleoba tabawyuris tbasa da mdinare mtkvars taSis-

gorc bunebrivi matebis, ise War-belaqnis, cixe-simagreebs waagavdnen, vidre qalaqebs.

3. dabebi da soflebi, romlebic war- Seadgenda 646 sasoflo sazogadoebas. saso-

Semadgenloba 1832 wlisa da 1864 wlis mona- wavlo da aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebebSi

Tavi II. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba ruseTis imperiis mier (1798-1801)

TelavSi 1798 wlis 22 Tebervals Cavida. am XII-is saxeliT.

buli mefis mcveli razmis meTauri da misi 3. sagareo mdgomareobis garTuleba.

Tbiliseli eswreboda. sapatio yarauls mi- elizbar falavandiSvilisaTvis.

(6.000 oficrisa da jariskacis) gamogzavnas, loialurebi iyvnen. Tu imperiisadmi keTil-

daxmarebiT ecdeboda ruseTis qveSevrdomo- axeb Zlierdeboda. garkveuli drois Semdeg

seTis TviTmpyrobelis mfarvelobaSi Sevida. ori Tofi aqvT... qarTvelebSi Sinaareulobaa.

kavkasiidan dragunTa (cxenosanTa) gamogza- rogorc 1800 wlis 16 agvistos kovalenski

saqarTveloSi igzavneboda vasili guliako- ena mogvayena, misi mfarvelobisaTvis mraval-

amocnoba, Tu bolo momentSi sad moiyrida brunebis SemTxvevaSi mefesTan da ZmebTan

lis mixedviTac ruseTis saimperatoro karze kanons da Seasrulebdnen ruseTis impera-

Senobebis asagebad, aseve sabadoebis muSebi- musin-puSkini imperatorisadmi wardgenil

iT, Tu osmaleTi moaxerxebda saqarTvelos erT-erTi TbilisSi unda dabrunebuliyo da

uboZebdnen mamulebs da maTi Rirsebis Sesaf- iSvili da elizbar falavandiSvili peterbur-

yofiliyo da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi jarebs daviT batoniSvilis momxreebi kaxeTis mo-

mTielebs _ ganukiTxavad eZarcvaT qveyana. 24.. giorgi XII-is gardacvaleba

proeqtis SedgenaSi monawileoba uaryo. eg- kavebina da ar Careuliyo Tarjimnis saqmeSi.

kembris cirkulariT me kaxeTis mosaxleobas rom lazarevs rTuli viTarebidan Tavis

mgzavrebodnen. movlenebi ise ar ganviTarda, iulonis gamefebisaTvis. solomon II-is wer-

TbilisSi ar imyofebodnen: vaxtang batoniS- TavisTan ixmo Tavadi maCabeli da ganucxada:

gaviqcevio. daviT batoniSvilis garemocva rigSi saqarTvelos samefos saxeliT. general-

I-is reskripti saqarTveloSi jaris gamogzav- gaaCnda 41 sxvadasxva saxis transporti.

kis 1 batalionis 2 aseuli, duSeTSi idga, dr I-is reskriptSi saxelmwifo sabWosadmi

da, saerTod, samefos mosaxleobidan ra ra- xelSeuxeblobas“. imperatori acxadebda, rom

nota. 1801 wlis aprilSi qarTl-kaxeTis same-

msaxurebi (arqimandritebi, iRumenebi, dekano- ma, anu qarTl-kaxeTis mefem;

romlebic winaT imyofebodnen mefis samsax- aznaurebi da samRvdeloeba Sekriba. Tavi-

areulobis Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli xmebi Za- qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleobis usafrTxoeba.

lekebi qarTl-kaxeTis ZarcvasTan er- momavalma sagareo saqmeTa ministrma grafma

ieri ufleba hqondaT, rogor dauWires mxari gavrcelebuli movlenaa;

saxlis wevrebis _ batoniSvilebis _ Senaxva ropaSi imperias Rirseba Seelaxeboda im Sem-

gamosvlis daskvniT nawilSi vice-kanclerma boda. jaris dislokacia aseTi iyo:

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gardauvali daRupva moT Tqmuls, roca amtkicebda, „SeWrvebulTa

qsandr I-is TiTqosda mokrZlalebuli si- foebs (qarTul samefo-samTavroebs) mospo-

gamosagzavni samxedro kontingentis raode- kidev erTxel dairRva georgievskis traqtati

osmaleTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis miswrafeba. xelSekrulebis dadebasac xels aRaraferi